JET 25 [6] W. Ejaz, M. Naeem, A. Shahid, A. Anpalagan and M. Jo: Efficient Energy Management for the Internet of Things in Smart Cities, in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 84-91, January 2017, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600218CM [7] Z. Wang and Y. Wu: A new paradigm on battery powered embedded system design based on User-Experience-Oriented method, 2nd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/490/1/012115, 2013 [8] R. Chéour, S. Khriji, M. abid and O. Kanoun: Microcontrollers for IoT: Optimizations, Computing Paradigms, and Future Directions, 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221219, 2020 [9] Ecodesign requirements in the EU, https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product- requirements/compliance/ecodesign/index_en.htm [10] G. May, B. Stahl, M. Taisch and D. Kiritsis: Energy management in manufacturing: From literature review to a conceptual framework, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 167, Pages 1464-1489, doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.191, 2017 [11] R. Fassler: Efficiency Regulations: Driving power conversion efficiency designs, in IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 19-24, March 2017, doi: 10.1109/MPEL.2016.2642518 [12] H. Wu, C. Chen, K. Weng: An Energy-Efficient Strategy for Microcontrollers, Appl. Sci. 11(6), 2581; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062581, 2021 [13] C. Hou and Q. Zhao: A New Optimal Algorithm for Energy Saving in Embedded System With Multiple Sleep Modes, in IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 706-719, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2015.2414827 [14] M. Brocanelli and X. Wang: Making Smartphone Smart on Demand for Longer Battery Life, 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 2288-2293, doi: 10.1109/ICDCS.2017.263, 2017 [15] X. Chen, A. Jindal, N. Ding, Y. C. Hu, M. Gupta and R. Vannithamby: Smartphone Background Activities in the Wild: Origin, Energy Drain, and Optimization, doi. org/10.1145/2789168.2790107 [16] R. Muralidhar, R. Borovica-Gajic, R. Buyya, Energy Efficient Computing Systems: Architectures, Abstractions and Modeling to Techniques and Standards, ACM Computing SurveysVolume 54Issue 11sArticle No.: 236pp 1–37https://doi.org/10.1145/3511094 [17] Gerber, D. L., Meier, A., Liou, R., & Hosbach, R: Emerging Zero-Standby Solutions for Miscellaneous Electric Loads and the Internet of Things, Electronics, 8(5), 570, https://doi. org/10.3390/electronics8050570, 2019 [18] P. Brand, J. Falk, J. A. Sue, J. Brendel, R. Hasholzner and J. Teich: Adaptive Predictive Power Management for Mobile LTE Devices, in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 2518-2535, 1 Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TMC.2020.2988651 [19] B. Chen and X. Shen: A Power Optimized Method for Mode Switching in Android Systems, doi: 10.4108/eai.9-10-2017.159797 Energy management in microprocessor-driven circuit design using sleep modes