Hladnikia 3: 11-12 (1994)
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Senecio inaequidens DC. - adventivna vrsta flore Slovenije
Senecio inaequidens DC. - an adventitious species of the Slovenian Flora
Zinka Pavletič (Botanički zavod PMF-a, Maruličev trg 20/11, Zagreb, Croatia)
Ivo Trinajstič (Šumarski fakultet, Šimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, Croatia)
Izvleček: Južnoafriška vrsta Senecio inaequidens DC. se v zadnjih desetletjih hitro širi v deželah južne, srednje in zahodne Evrope, posebej še po severovzhodni Italiji. Od tukaj se vrsta širi na vzhod v Slovenijo, kjer je bita prvič ugotovljena v Podpeči in Strunjanu (Kaligarič 1992), nato pa oktobra 1993 v Kopra.
Abstract: The South African species S. inaequidens DC. has recently been spreading in the countries of southern, central and western Europe, especially so in northwestern Italy. From there it spread to Slovenia, where it was first noticed in Podpeč and Strunjan (Kaligarič 1992) and in Koper in October 1993.
1. Introduction
During a botanical excursion to the river Po delta in October, 1993 (on the occasion of the Congress of the Italian Phytosociological Society), we saw Scnecio inaequidens DC for the first time. In the last few years it has been spreading expansively in that part of Italy. It grows in different ruderal habitats such as roadsides or construction material storage areas, in rich populations distinguished by a vivid yellow color of its flowers.
Owing to the fact that at that time S. inaequidens was in full flowering, we could follow easily its populations along highway margins as far as Trieste. Since many adventive species (such as Bidens subaltemans DC., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz. & Pavon, Tagetes minuta L. and others) have been spreading into Croatia from the west, i.e. from Italy through Slovenia, we watched closely to see whether S. inaequidens had penetrated into Croatia as well. The first habitat
taken note of after the Italo-Sloveni-an border was near a petrol station on the right side of the road on our way out of Koper towards Izola. Following the road Koper-Izola-Por-toroz-Croatian border, we failed to find out whether S. inaequidens was spread eastward Koper toward the Croatian border. Similarly, its presence could not be stated anywhere in the territory of Croatia.
The question is about a newcomer originating from South Africa which has been noticed in the territory of Slovenia and which is in expansion eastward. Presented in this paper are some important data on this species.
2. Distribution in Europe
S. inaequidens in European flora has been reported under various names, such as S. harveianus Mac Owan or S. lanatus Solander ex Willd. (Charter and Walters, 1976), while Pignatti (1982) reports as synonyms S. reclinatus auct. FL Ital. non L.

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Z. pavletld & r. Trinajsti6 Se-Iicio inaequidais DC. - adventivna vreta flore Slovenije
and S. hatveianus auct. FL Franc, non Mac Owan.
As an adventive plant originating from South Africa, it is according to the reports by Charter and Walters (1976) spread in Belgium, France and Italy. However, numerous authors from different European countries present a chronology of the appearance of this species in Europe implying a much larger distribution area (Pignatti, S. & E., i960; Kiem, 1975, 1976; Anzalone, 1976: Menghi-ni & Mincigrucci, 1976; Dickore & ADOLrra, 1977; Kuhbier, 1977; Garst-berger,1978; Adolphi, 1979; Gotschlich, 1979; HOlbusch & Kuhbier, 1979; Poldini, 1980, 1991, Sauerwein, 1980; Korneck, 1982; Melz-er, 19S3, 1991, 1992; Wentz, 19S3; Bucher 1984, 19S9; Polatschek, 19S4; Weber, 1987, Moll, 1989; Werner ct al., 1991).
According to Wagenitz (19S7), this species has been known in the European flora since 1875. Until 1970 it was noticed sporadically and in a rather small number of localities (Buscher, 1989). It recent spreading is intensive, regularly in populated regions, ruderal and abandoned places, along highways and railway lines, in parking lots, in the vicinity of bus and railway stations, in places where various constructions materials are storaged in the open air.
Kiem (1976) reports the first find for Italy from 1931, while Pignatti (1982) reports the find of the species S. redinatus near Verona, from 1941, indicating that around Trieste it appeared in 1976 and that afterwards it began spreading intensively in the lower region (0-500 m above sea level) of northern and central Italy.
S. inaequidens was first noticed in the territory of Slovenia in Podpe6 and Strunjan (Kaugaric 1992), Koper being the third locality.
3. Morphological characteristics
The genus Senecio is both extensive and polymorphous, so in determining S. inaequidens some morphological characteristics may be helpful, stated by analysing a herbal specimen (Hb. Croaticum, I. Trinajstic) collected near Koper and in Italy, and by using such data as available in the literature.
S. inaequidens is an annual, 4-6 dm liigh plant, densely branched all along its height, resembling a semi-shrub. The stem is unciliated and grooved. Alternating leaves of grayish green are succulent, unciliated, linear, (1) 2-3 x (40) 60-70 mm (gradually getting smaller towards the stem tip), with margins twisted downwards, a pointed tip and an auricu-late base. Capitula many, 15-20 (25) mm in diameter and bent down before the flowering; jnvolucrum is pear-shaped, 6-7 x 6-8 mm, with 21 bracts which are 5-7 mm long, linear, green with white, scarious margins sometimes brownish on their tops, and with 10-12 supplementary bracts, 1-2 mm long, reddish brown with a clear, white and dry pellicular border; further 1-2 similar bracts being often developed under the flower head. Flowers are golden-yellow in color, 12-13 ligulate ones, about 10 mm long. Fruits are cylindrical, covered with short hairs, of about 2,5 mm long, their pappus being white, downy, twice as long as the fruit itself. Its flowering time is from August to October.
Hladnikia 3: 11-12 (1994)
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4. Discussion and conclusion
S. inaequidens is in a stage of intensive expansion in the regions of southern, central and western Europe. Originating from South Africa, it very likely spread in Europe, from gardens, possibly from the Botanical Garden in Montpellier, where De Candolle (1806-1893) used to work and to which seeds of plants were sent from all over the world. Its rapid expansion after the Second World War, especially so in the recent times has been facilitated by the permanent improvement in transport, tourism, and bigger and increasingly large construction projects requiring transport of different material and people.
S. inaequidiens prefers dry and gravel soils so the flysh Istrian soils most likely represent a barrier, at least a temporary one, which it has
not as yet managed to overcome by means of wind transmission. It may, however, be expected to spread further to the east where, in the west-em parts of Croatia, many suitable habitats are waiting for it.
The locality in Koper has so far been the third find of the species S. inaequidens in the territory of Slovenia.
5. Povzetek
Južnoafriška vrsta Senecio inaequidens DC. je v Evropi kot adventivna vrsta znana že več kot sto let. Medtem se vrsta v zadnjih desetletjih zelo širi, predvsem ob prometnicah v deželah južne, srednje in zahodne Evrope. Zelo je razširjena tudi po severovzhodni Italiji vse do Slovenske meje. V oktobra 1993 sva jo našla in nabrala v Kopru, ki je zdaj njeno tretje znano nahajališče v Sloveniji.
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Z. Pavletič & I. Trinajsto Senecio inaequidens DC. - adventivna vrsta flore Slovenije
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Text was only grammatically corrected; the authors are responsible for the contents.