Cancers are most often treated with surgery, radiotherapy and/or one of the systemic treatments methods. Everyone is familiar with surgery, where in most cases the tumour is physically removed. Radiotherapy, or radiation therapy, is a way of destroying cancer cells with an internal or external source of radiation. While surgery and radiotherapy are local treatment methods, systemic treatment works on the entire organism (except for the central nervous system). Systemic therapies include chemotherapy, targeted treatment (monoclonal antibodies and small molecules, hormone therapy for breast and prostate cancer), immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and conjugates of monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapeutics.

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