Oblikovanje in začetna validacija lestvice obnovitvene zmožnosti urbanih okolij : izsledki s Filipinov
Development and initial validation of the Urban Restorative Potential Scale : evidence from the Philippines

english
slovenian

2025

volume 36, issue 2

environmental psychology   measurement invariance,   psychometric validation   restorative environments   urban scene types

Urbanistični inštitut Republike Slovenije
(Obvezni izvod spletne publikacije)

Urban environments influence mental well-being, yet most restoration scales have been developed for natural settings. This study developed and initially validated the Urban Restorative Potential Scale (URPS), a design-oriented measure for everyday urban contexts. A set of twenty-five items grounded in attention restoration theory and stress reduction theory was tested with 1,001 residents of Urdaneta, Philippines. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a seventeen-item, four-factor structure (quality, functionality, captivation, and relaxation) under a second-order urban restorative potential (URP) factor, with good fit and reliability. Convergent validity was adequate; subscale correlations were high but consistent with a meaningful higher-order construct. The URP factor strongly predicted overall satisfaction with the scene viewed. Multi-group models indicated context dependence across urban scene types (USTs): quality loaded most strongly on URP in recreational scenes; captivation dominated in housing, institutional, streetscape, and commercial scenes; functionality was most influential in transit scenes; and relaxation was an important but not leading factor for all USTs. The findings are cross-sectional; therefore, causal claims are not warranted. The URPS offers a practical diagnostic profile for design hypotheses, highlighting that what “feels restorative” varies by scene type.

04.03.2026