DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2014-0012 HACQUETIA 13/1 • 2014, 57-77 numerical evaluation of grasslands dominated by SESLERIA jUNCIFOLIA agg. in serbia Eva KABAŠ1'*, Snežana VUKOJIČIC1, Antun ALEGRO2, Boštjan SURINA3, Nevena KUZMANOVIČ1 Vedran ŠEGOTA4 & Dmitar LAKUŠIČi Abstract Phytosociological and numerical analyses of grasslands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia s.l. in Serbia were performed in order to resolve their syntaxonomy and nomenclature. Twelve relevés were sampled on Mt. Mučanj (western Serbia), which were then compared with similar relevés from other parts of the Balkan Peninsula by means of numerical analyses. The relevés were classified using cluster analysis, while the ordination was conducted using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). The results suggest the occurrence of two floristi-cally well defined Dinaric associations in Serbia: Seslerio juncifoliae-Edraianthetum graminifolii ass. nova from Mt. Mokra Gora (Oxytropidion urumovii, Elyno-Seslerietea) and Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae ass. nova (Chrysopogono-Saturejion, Festuco-Brometea) from Mt. Mučanj. Key words: Balkan Peninsula, classification, ordination, Seslerietum juncifoliae s.l., syntaxonomy, vegetation. Izvleček Naredili smo fitocenološko in numerično analizo travišč v katerih prevladuje vrsta Sesleria juncifolia s.l. in predstavili sintaksonomske in nomenklaturne rešitve. Dvanajst vegetacijskih popisov smo naredili na gori Mučanj (zahodna Srbija) in jih z numeričnimi metodami primerjali s podobnimi popisi z drugih delov Balkanskega polotoka. Popise smo klasificirali s klastrsko metodo, za ordinacijo smo uporabili korespondenčno analizo z odstranjenim trendom (DCA). Rezultati kažejo na obstoj dveh floristično dobro utemeljenih dinarskih en-demičnih asociacij v Srbiji: Seslerio juncifoliae-Edraianthetum graminifolii ass. nova z Mokre Gore (Oxytropidion urumovii, Elyno-Seslerietea) in Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae ass. nova (Chrysopogono-Saturejion, Festuco--Brometea) z gore Mučanj. Ključne besede: Balkanski polotok, klasifikacija, ordinacija, Seslerietum juncifoliae s.l., sintaksonomija, vegetacija. 1. INTRODUCTION The genus Sesleria Scop. (Poaceae, Pooideae, Seslerieae) is one of the most important and interesting grass genera with its' centre of diversity and distribution on the Balkan Peninsula. The species of this genus play a very important role in the development of different types of grasslands along wide elevational and latitudinal gradients, forming syntaxa at various ranks — Seslerietum korabiensis Micevski 1994, Seslerietum wettsteinii Horvat 1937, Seslerietum juncifoliae Horvat 1930, Seslerion juncifoliae Horvat 1930, Seslerion rigidae Zolyomi 1939, Seslerietalia juncifoliae Horvat 1930, 1 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, ekabas@bio.bg.ac.rs*, dlakusic@bio.bg.ac.rs, nkuzmanovic@bio.bg.ac.rs, sneza@bio.bg.ac.rs 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, antun. alegro@biol.pmf.hr 8 Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaska 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia, bostjan.surina@prirodoslovni.com 4 Institute for Research and Development of Sustainable Ecosystems, Jagodno 100a, 10415 Novo Cice, Velika Gorica, Croatia, vsegota@ires.hr etc. However, their most important role is forming the grasslands on base-rich soils of alpine and subalpine belts of temperate European mountain ranges (class Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948). The domination by Sesleria species of the high mountain calcareous plant communities in Europe is discussed by Petriccione (1995) in his overview of this vegetation type. Sesleria juncifolia agg. represents an amphi-Adriatic group of taxa exhibiting a typical disjunct range including the western & central Balkans and the Apennine Peninsula, where neither their systematic relationships nor the syntaxo-nomical scheme are entirely clear. Based on relevant taxonomic papers (Deyl 1980, Strgar 1981, Alegro 2007, Di Pietro 2007), the following species are considered to belong to S. juncifolia agg.: S. apennina Ujhelyi, S. calabrica (Deyl) Di Pietro, S. kalnikensis Javorka, S. juncifolia Suffren, S. interrupta Vis., S. ujhelyii Strgar and S. albanica Ujhelyi. Since both names, S. juncifolia Suffren 1802 and S. tenuifolia Shrader 1806, were validly published, we use the earlier legitimate name S. juncifolia in this paper, as it has a priority according to Art 11.4 of ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). The detailed discussion regarding the nomenclatural issues in Sesleria juncifolia complex is provided in Di Pietro et al. (2013). For the territory of Serbia, Lakusic & Sabov-ljevic (2005) proposed a classification scheme in which 31 associations and eight subassociations dominanted by different Sesleria species were included, belonging to five classes, seven orders and 11 alliances. However, this classification was not based on serious numerical analyses, thus an objective circumscription and classification are still missing. The most investigated grasslands dominated by Sesleria spp. belong to the class Elyno-Seslerietea, order Seslerietalia juncifoliae (=tenuifoliae) Horvat 1930, alliances Seslerion rigidae Zolyomi 1939 (dry grasslands on calcareous bedrock) and Seslerion rigidae-lati-foliae D. Lakusic 1996 prov. (dry grasslands on serpentine rocks). Furthermore, seven associations belong to the order Onobrychido-Seslerietalia Horvat 1949, alliances Edraiantho-Seslerion Horvat 1949, Onobrychido-Festucion Horvat 1949 and Seslerio-Festucion R. Jovanovic 1955. A significant number of communities belong to the class of alpine pastures on siliceous rocks, Caricetea curvu-lae Br.-Bl. 1948, order Seslerietalia comosae Simon 1957, alliance Seslerion comosae Horvat 1935. Only one association was recorded for the class Asple- nietea trichomanis Br.-Bl. 1934 corr. Oberd. 1977. Finally, some communities dominated by Sesleria spp. belong to the Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & Tx. ex Soo 1947. The dominant Sesleria species that build up these syntaxa are S. filifolia Hoppe in eastern Serbia and S. serbica (Adam.) Ujhelyi and S. juncifolia in western Serbia. Our research only included the stands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia agg. described as associations Seslerio-Edraianthetum jugoslavici Petkovic et al. 1990 (Petkovic et al. 1990) from Mt. Mokra Gora, Seslerietum tenuifoliae S. Vukojičic & D. Lakušic 1990 prov. (Stanic 1990) from Mt. Mučanj and Carici laevis-Helianthemetum alpestre Horvat 1930 seslerietosum tenuifoliae Rajevski 1990 from Mt. Šarplanina (Rajevski 1990) in Serbia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data sampling. In order to describe and resolve the syntaxonomy of the Serbian grasslands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia agg., we processed 139 relevés belonging to 13 syntaxa dominated by S. juncifolia agg., distributed throughout the territory of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and northeastern Italy. The majority of the relevés were taken from literature sources. The main criterion for the selection of the syntaxa to be included in the analyses was that S. juncifolia appears as both the dominant and nominal species in the name of a syntaxa, either at association or subassociation level (Table 1). In addition to the literature data, personal unpublished data previously gathered on Mt. Mučanj in Serbia, Mt. Durmitor in Montenegro and areas of Mts. Velebit (Croatia) and Snežnik (Slovenia; Table 1, Figure 1) were also included in the analyses. All the relevés were sampled according to Braun-Blanquet (1964) method. The plot size of our own relevés was 25 m2, corresponding to the standard for grasslands proposed by Chytry & Otypkovâ (2003). Plot sizes of relevés from the literature varied, the exact sizes for each association are given in Table 1. Data analysis. After transforming Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance values into a nine-degree ordinal scale (van der Maarel 1979) the relevés were subjected to Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) in order to detect the basic structure of the floristic composition. Finally, the complete set was classified using Bray-Curtis similarity and group average clustering. These Figure 1: The map of the localities of analyzed syntaxa. Numbers on the map correspond to ordinal numbers in Table 1. Blue squares correspond to groups A and C, red dots and green triangle (stands from Mt. Šarplanina excluded from second step of analysis) correspond to group B from Figure 2. Both dots and squares correspond with UTM 10 x 10 squares. Area above 1000 m a.s.l. is shaded. Country abbreviation: IT - Italy, SLO - Slovenia, CRO - Croatia, HU - Hungary, BIH - Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR - Serbia, MNE - Montenegro, RO - Romania, BU - Bulgaria, MA - Macedonia, AL - Albania. Slika 1: Karta lokacij proučevanih sintaksonov. Številke na karti so enake kot v Tabeli 1. Modri kvadrati ustrezajo skupinama A in C, rdeči krožci in zeleni trikotniki (sestoji s Šarplanine so izvzeti iz drugega koraka v analizi) ustrezajo skupini B na Sliki 2. Krožci in kvadrati se ujemajo z UTM 10 x 10 kvadranti. Območja nad 1000 m nad morjem so osenčena. Okrajšave držav: IT - Italija, SLO - Slovenija, CRO - Hrvaška, HU - Madžarska, BIH - Bosna in Hercegovina, SR - Srbija, MNE - Črna gora, RO - Romunija, BU - Bolgarija, MA - Makedonija, AL - Albanija. analyses were processed using PcOrd 6.0 (Mc-Cune & Mefford 2011) and FLORA softwares (Karadzic et al. 1998). In this paper, we used the concept of diagnostic and dominant species proposed by Chytry et al. (2002), Chytry & Tichy (2003) and Tichy & Chytry (2006). Using the statistical measures of fidelity, we quantified concentrations of species occurrences in groups of classified sites in order to determine diagnostic species (Chytry et al. 2002). The size of the site groups in the data set was standardised (virtually equalized), while the relative frequencies of species occurrence within and outside of these groups were kept constant (Tichy and Chytry 2006) to calculate the O-values as a measure of fidelity independent of the number of available relevés. To assess statistical significance of concentration of species in vegetatation types, we performed the Monte Carlo significance test of observed maximum indicator value for the species with 4999 permutations. PcOrd 6.0 software (McCune & Mefford 2011) was used for the calculation of O-values. In order to determine the dominant species, we calculated the coverage index (Ic) according to Lausi et al. (1982). Species with ®-values higher than 0.50 were considered diagnostic. Species with cover > 50% in a minimum of 5% of the relevés for any association were accepted as dominant. Species recorded in a minimum of 60% of the relevés for any association were considered constant. Nomenclature of plant taxa follows the Flora Europaea Database (Tutin et al. 2001), except for critical taxa with unresolved relationships, which were included as species complexes (aggregates). The names of all the syntaxa follow Rodwell et al. (2002) with a few exceptions according to Lakusic & Sabovljevic (2005). All the underlying plot data used in the paper are stored in Vegetation Database of Grassland Vegetation in Serbia (Acic et al. 2012; GIVD number: EU-RS-002; relevé numbers: 7000-7138). RESULTS Ordination - A DCA conducted on the complete data set showed three rather discrete groups of relevés (Figure 2), well separated along first two canonical axes. The most distinct (Group I) was the one representing relevés of the Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae seslerietosum tenuifoliae DCA Group I Axis 1 from the Liburnian karst. The remaining two groups represented the relevés from northeastern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia (Group II), and the relevés from Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro (Group III). It can also be seen that the relevés from Mt. Mučanj (western Serbia) and the ones representing the Seslerio-Edraianthetum jugoslavici (Mt. Mokra Gora) were well differentiated within this last group, while the relevés representing the Carici laevis-Helianthemetum alpestre seslerietosum tenuifoliae from Mt. Šarplanina overlapped with the rest of the relevés in this group. Classification - Results of the cluster analysis performed on the complete data set were very much in accordance with the ordination results, in that they showed that two main groups of stands (clusters) could be differentiated. Cluster I (Figure 3) corresponded to the stands of the associations from northeastern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. This cluster corresponded completely with Groups I and II in Figure 2, so the only difference is related to relevés of Liburnian heaths Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae seslerietosum tenuifoliae, which were differentiated as a single group in DCA. On the other hand, Cluster II (Figure 3) represented the relevés from Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro (Group III in Figure 2). Within this cluster, Group I A Rhododendro hrisuti-Juniperetum alpinae, Slovenia & Croatia Group II A Carici humilis-Seslerietum juncifoliae, Mt. Velebit A Sesierietum juncifoliae, Mt. Snežnik A Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris, Slovenia & Italy A Bromo-Seslerietum interruptae, Mt. Biokovo A Genisto sericeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae, Slovenia & Italy Group III | A Diantho petreae-Seslerietum juncifoliae, Mt. Mučanj | A Sesierietum juncifoliae, Mt. Cincar A Carici laevis-Helianthemetum alpestre, Mt. Šar-planina A Carici laevis-Seslerietum juncifoliae, Mt. Bjelasica A Seslerio-Gentianetum dinaricae, Mt. Vlašič A Sesierietum juncifoliae, Mt. Durmitor Figure 2: Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) of stands of 13 grasslands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia from the Balkan Peninsula. Slika 2: Korespondenčna analiza z odstranjenim trendom (DCA) sestojev 13 traviščnih združb v katerih prevladuje Sesleria juncifolia z Balkana. Cluster analysis Cluster I 1) 1-13 - Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae, Slovenia and Croatia 2) 68-76 - Caricihumilis-Seslerietumjuncifoliae, Mt. Velebit 3) 39-54 -Seslerietumjuncifoliae, Mt. Snežnik 9) 31-38 -Seslerietumjuncifoliae, Mt. Cincar 4) 111-135 - Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris, Slovenia and Italy 10) 65-67 - Carici laevis-Helianthemetum alpestre, Mt. Sar planina 5) 136-139 - Bromo-Seslerietum interruptae, Mt. Biokovo 11) 77-86 - Carici laevis-Seslerietumjuncifolia, Mt. Bjelasica 6) 092-110 - Genisto sericeae-Seslerietumjuncifoliae, Slovenia and Italy 12) 55-64 -Seslerio-Gentianetum dinaricae, Mt. Vlasic 13) 87-91-Seslerietumjuncifoliae, Mt. Durmitor Figure 3: Cluster Analysis of stands of 13 grasslands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia from the Balkan Peninsula. Slika 3: Klastrska analiza sestojev 13 traviščnih združb v katerih prevladuje Sesleria juncifolia z Balkana. Cluster II 7) 14-18- Edraiantho graminifoliae-Sesler.juncifoliae, Mt. Mokragora 8) 19-30 - Diantho petrae-Seslerietumjuncifoliae, Mt. Mučanj it was again noticeable that Serbian associations represented well separated and discrete units. On the basis of the ordination and classification analyses, we established the existence of two well defined syntaxa with the dominance of Sesleria juncifolia in Serbia: ass. Seslerio-Edraianthetum jugoslavici from Mt. Mokra Gora, and a new association from Mt. Mucanj: Diantho petraeae-Sesleri-etum juncifoliae. Relevés of the Carici laevis-Heli-anthemetum alpestre seslerietosum tenuifoliae from Mt. Sarplanina overlapped with communities from the Cincar, Vlasic, Bjelasica and Durmitor mountains in the ordination, while in the cluster graph analysis they formed a joint cluster together with the community from Mt. Cincar and only a few relevés from the community from Mt. Dur-mitor. A synoptic table comparing all community types is presented in the Table 3 in order to show the differences between the individual clusters obtained by numerical classification. SYNTAXONOMICAL TREATMENT Ass. Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae Vukojicic & D. Lakusic ass. nova hoc loco (Holo-typus Table 2, rel. 5 hoc loco) original: Seslerietum tenuifoliae Stanic & D. Lakusic 1990 prov., nom. ined. (Art. 1, ICPN) Note: The Seslerietum tenuifoliae Stanic & D. Lakusic 1990 prov. was not effectively published (Def. III, Art. 1, ICPN; Weber et al. 2000), since it was only recorded and preliminarily described in a Diploma thesis (Stanic 1990). Therefore, we describe it here as a new association, in accordance with the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN; Weber et al. 2000). Dominant species: Sesleria juncifolia Diagnostic species: Campanula rotundifolia, Chamaecytisus ciliatus, Chamaespartium sagittale, Cotoneaster integerrimus, Dianthus petraeus subsp. petraeus, Draba lasiocarpa, Festuca panciciana, Ga- lium corrudifolium, Helianthemum nummularium subsp. nummularium, Ornithogalum collinum, Pe-dicularis heterodonta, Potentilla cinerea, Sanguisorba minor subsp. minor Constant species: Carex kitaibeliana, Edraian-thus graminifolius, Globularia cordifolia, Saxífraga paniculata Diagnosis: Rocky calcareous grasslands at elevations between 1300 and 1450 m a.s.l., on the NW and W (rarely E) exposed slopes, with an inclination of about 35° on average (Table 2). The dominant species Sesleria juncifolia with its dense tussocks formed stands up to 40 cm high, covering 25-80% (average 65%) of the plots (Table 2). The average number of species per plot of 16 m2 was 26. Some Balkan endemic and Balkan-Carpathian or Balkan-Apennine subendemic species, such as Cerastium decalvans, Daphne blagayana, Di-anthus petraeus subsp. petraeus, Draba lasiocarpa, Edraianthus graminifolius, Festuca panciciana, La-serpitium siler subsp. garganicum, Minuartia bosni-aca, Pedicularis heterodonta and Sesleria juncifolia were recorded in this association. Also three glacial relicts (Arabis alpina, Poa alpina, and Saxífraga paniculata) occuring within the stands may point to the glacial-refugial character of the association. However, the occurrence of some differential taxa from forests, such as Daphne mezereum, Fagus syl-vatica, and Poa nemoralis, could point to the fact that the montane beech forests of Fagetalia sylvati-cae Pawlowski 1928 prevailed in the recent past, or might even represent a natural vegetation type on sites nowadays covered by the stands of the Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae. Ecology and synchorology of the association Stands of Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae are so far known only from the area of Mt. Mučanj in southwestern Serbia. The direction of the mountain is NW-SE, while its maximum height is 1534 m a.s.l. Mt. Mučanj is seperated from the neighboring mountains by river valleys, pointing to the fact that fluvial erosion was the factor shaping the relief, earlier formed by tectonic movements. The dominant geological substrate in this area is limestone. The soils are shallow and very skeletal. The climate type is temperate-continental, but in its modified mountain variant (Stanič 1990). The annual mean temperature is 2.9 °C, and the annual precipitation is 944 mm. January is the coldest month with a temperature of -8,5 °C, while July is the warmest with a temperature of +12.3 °C (Stanič 1990). The wettest months are Figure 4: Summer aspect of the association Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae Vukojicic & D. Lakusic ass. nova on Mt. Mucanj (photo: N. Kuzmanovic). Slika 4: Poletni aspekt asociacije Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae Vukojicic & D. Lakusic ass. nova na gori Mucanj (foto: N. Kuzmanovic). May, June and August, while the driest are February and March. Mean monthly temperatures below 0 °C were noted during November, December, January, February and March, confining the growing season to between April and September. Considering the relatively low elevation and the mountain temperate climate, montane beech forests represent the potential vegetation of the investigated area. However, since the major parts of the forests were completely degraded, artificial forest stands of black pine (Pinus nigra), fir (Abies alba) and spruce (Picea abies) dominate the landscape (Stanic 1990). Ass. Seslerio juncifoliae-Edraianthetum gramini-folii B. Petkovic et al. ex Kabas et al. ass. nov. hoc loco validated name: Seslerio-Edraianthetumjugosla-vici Petkovic et al. 1990 nom. inval. (Art. 5, ICPN) Holotypus: Petkovic et al. (1990: Table 2, rel. 2) Note: The association Seslerio-Edraianthetum jugoslavicii B. Petkovic et al. 1990 was not validly published, because the holotype relevé was not assigned (Art. 5, ICPN; Weber et al. 2000). Also, the name Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lakusic was not validly published (Art. 39.1 of ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), since it was not accompanied by a Latin description or diagnosis. Accordingly, we used the accepted and validly published name Edraianthusgraminifolius (L.) A. DC. (Euro+Med 2010) when naming the association. Diagnostic species: Acinos arvensis, Alchemilla plicatula, Alyssum montanum, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella, Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum, Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum, Juniperus sabina, Minuartia verna, Polygonum vivi-parum, Scabiosa ochroleuca, Silene pusilla, Polygala supina subsp. supina SYNTAXONOMICAL SCHEME Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & Tx. ex Soo 1947 Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia Horvat & Horva-tic 1958 Chrysopogono-Saturejion Horvat & Horvatic 1934 Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae Vukojicic & D. Lakusic 2014 Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948 Crepidetalia dinaricae Lakusic 1966 Oxytropidion urumovii Lakusic 1964 Seslerio juncifoliae-Edraianthetum grami-nifolii Petkovic et al. ex Kabas et al. 2014 DISCUSSION Our numerical analyses showed that the analyzed stands of different syntaxa dominated by Sesleria juncifolia agg. in the mountains of the central and western part of the Balkan Peninsula are very het-erogenous and probably have different origins. Their relationships in a broader, amphi-Adriatic context are a subject of the ongoing research, preliminarily presented in Di Pietro et al. (2013). Our results showed that the first clearly distinct group (Group I, Figure 2) represents the stands of the Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum al-pinae seslerietosum tenuifoliae. These results support the opinion of Surina (2013) that despite the domination of S. juncifolia in these stands, the syntaxon should actually be classified within the heath vegetation of Erico-Pinetea Horvat 1959, and not within the grassland communities of Elyno-Seslerietea. The second well differenti- ated group (Group II, Figure 2) corresponds to the stands from northwestern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia, representing grasslands classified mostly within the class Festuco-Brometea. Finally, the third well defined and separated group (Group III, Figure 2; Cluster II, Figure 3) includes Serbian, Bosnian and Herzegovinian and Montene-grian grassland stands, classified mostly within the vegetation of the high mountain rocky calcareous grasslands of the class Elyno-Seslerietea. Furthermore, both DCA and cluster analysis also showed that both Serbian associations are flo-ristically well differentiated from the rest of the similar syntaxa, i.e. the association Seslerio junci-foliae-Edraianthetum graminifolii from Mt. Mokra Gora, along with the stands of the associations from the Bjelasica, Durmitor, Cincar and Vlasic mountains belonging to the class Elyno-Sesleriet-ea. Corroboration of this statement can be seen in the floristic composition, which is determined by the position of these stands at high elevations, usually above the upper forest line. The newly described association from Mt. Mucanj, on the other hand, significantly differs from the subalpine and alpine rocky grasslands of the class Elyno-Seslerietea in its floristic properties. These stands host 43 taxa (e.g., Briza media, Bromus erectus, Euphorbia myrsinites, Globularia cordifolia, Hieracium pilosella, Hypericum perforatum, Juniperus communis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Phleum pratense, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Poa badensis, Potentilla cinerea, Sanguisorba minor, Teucrium chamaedrys, Thymus pulegioides, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium montanum etc.) which, within the eastern and southeastern Di-naric Alps, prefer calcareous grasslands developed within deciduous broadleaved forests. Additionally, the ®-indices of most of these taxa are highly statistically supported, hence we find their classification within the class Festuco-Brometea to be fully justified. The fact that only 12 taxa typical for subalpine and alpine grasslands (Acinos alpinus, Arabis alpina, Carex kitaibeliana, Daphne alpina, Edraianthus graminifolius, Helianthemum canum, Hieracium villosum, Pedicularis hetero-donta, Poa alpina, Rosa pendulina, Sesleria juncifolia and Thlaspi kovatsii) occur in stands from Mt. Mucanj further supports our classification scheme. To that end, ®-indices of the majority of the subalpine and alpine grassland taxa from the class Elyno-Seslerietea do not reflect statistically significant fidelity or the diagnostic value for the association in general. Confirmation of the opinion that the new community from Mt. Mucanj belongs to the class of Festuco-Brometea should also be sought in its coenotic surroundings and its origin. The potential natural vegetation of the highest part of Mt. Mucanj is deciduous broadleaved forest of the Fagetalia sylvaticae order (Jovanovic et al. 1986). Therefore, at an altitude of 1500 m a.s.l., this isolated mountain does not provide conditions for the development of the potential vegetation of (sub)alpine grasslands of the Elyno-Seslerietea class. While there is no doubt the new association from Mt. Mucanj belongs to the class Festuco-Brometea, and not Elyno-Seslerietea, as indicated in Lakusic & Sabovljevic (2005), its assignment to a lower syntaxa is not completely clear. Considering their geographic position and floristic composition, these stands show transitional characteristics connecting them to calcareous karstic grasslands of the Illyric-Dinaric region with Chrysopogono-Saturejion Horvat & Horvatic 1934, meso-xerophytic swards in sub-oceanic regions of western Europe with Bromion erecti Koch 1926, and meso-xerophytic swards in sub-continental regions of central and eastern Europe with Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadac & Klika 1944. The most important species connecting this association with the Chrysopogono-Saturejion are: Asperula cynanchica, Dianthus petraeus, Galium corrudifo-lium, Globularia cordifolia, Hieracium villosum, La-serpitium siler, Leontodon crispus, Sesleria juncifolia, and Teucrium chamaedrys. The species relating it with the associations of the alliance Bromion erecti are the following: Plantago media, Sanguisorba minor, Scabiosa columbaria, considered as diagnostic for the Bromion erecti (Dengler 2003, Jarolímek & Sibík 2008, Chytry 2010), while it also hosts diagnostic species of the Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati (Dengler 2003, Jarolímek & Sibík 2008, Chytry 2010) such as Asperula cynanchica, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus erectus, Plantago media, Sanguisorba minor, Trifolium montanum. Therefore, considering the number of common species and their diagnostic character as well as their geographic position within the continental Dinarides, the authors think the position of the new association Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae is within the alliance Chrysopogono-Saturejion. The presence of 11 chasmophytic taxa in the stand of the newly described association is also significant, when the syntaxonomic position and the origin of the association are considered. Specific chasmophytic taxa are present in rocky grasslands due to the proximity of chasmophytic stands in the investigated area (Stanič & Lakušič 1993) and the fact that steep rocky grasslands share many features with rock crevices or even screes, generating ecological conditions suitable for both grassland and chasmophytic taxa, e.g. Asplenium ceterach, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asple-nium trichomanes, Campanula rotundifolia, Erysimum sylvestris, Hieracium humile, Hieracium pan-nosum, Laserpitium siler, Leontopodium alpinum, Saxífraga tridactylites, or Silene saxífraga. This circumstance was observed and recently discussed by Surina & Martinčič (2012). Nevertheless, low coverage and fidelity indices of chasmophytes in the studied stands do not justify their classification within the class Asplenietea trichomanis. Finaly, the syntaxonomical position of the Carici laevis-Helianthemetum alpestre seslerietosum tenuifoliae from Mt. Šarplanina remains unclear, given that in the DCA analysis its stands are overlapping with the stands of associations from Bosnian and Montenegrin mountains. A possible reason for this is the fact that this subassociation was described on the basis of only three relevés, which is not representative enough for an objective understanding of its syntaxonomical position. While all of the other investigated syntaxa are found within the Dinaric floristic province, the stands of this subassociation belong to the Scardo-Pindic floristic province. Accordingly, the comparison of these three relevés with the rest of the 136 dinaric relevés would not reflect the real relationships of these syntaxa within the Balkan Peninsula. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the Serbian Ministry of Science and Technological Development (Project No. 173030 Biodiversity of the plant life of Serbia and Balkan Peninsula - Assessment, sustainable use and conservation, 2011-2014) for financial support. 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Tichy, L. & Chytry, M. 2006: Statistical determination of diagnostic species for site groups of unequal size. Journal of Vegetation Science 17: 809-818. Trinajstic, I. 1987: The syntaxonomical review of plant communities of Mt. Biokovo. Acta Bio-covica 4: 143-174. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A.; Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 2001: Flora Europaea on CD-ROM. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. van der Maarel, E. 1979: Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity. Vegetatio 39: 97-114. Received: 7. 3. 2013 Accepted: 23. 2. 2014 Co-ordinating editor: Jürgen Dengler Table 1: Analysed syntaxa dominated by Sesleria juncifola agg. from the Balkan Peninsula used in the analysis. Tabela 1: Proučevani sintaksoni v katerih prevladuje Sesleria juncifola agg. z Balkanskega polotoka uporabljeni v analizi. No. Syntaxon UTM Locality Reference Plot size (m2) Number of relevés 1. Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae Horvat ex Horvat et al. 1974 subas. seslerietosum tenuifoliae Surina 2013 33TVL53 Slovenia (Liburnian karst), Croatia (Liburnian karst) Surina 2013 30 13 2. Seslerio-Edraianthetum jugoslavicii Petkovic et al. 1990 34T DN44 Serbia (Mt. Mokra Gora) Petkovic et al. 1990 25-100 5 3. Seslerietum tenuifoliae Stanic & D. Lakušic 1990 prov. 34T DP22 Serbia (Mt. Mucanj) Vukojičic & Lakušic, D. unpubl. 20-400 12 4, 5. Seslerietum juncifoliae Horvat 1930 33T XJ66 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mt. Cincar) Lakušic et al. 1984 20-100 24 6. Seslerio-Gentianetum dinaricae Lakušic et al. 1982 33T YK00, YK01 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mt. Vlasic) Lakušic et al. 1982 10-100 10 7. Carici laevis-Helianthemetum alpestre Horvat 1930 subas. seslerietosum tenuifoliae Rajevski 1990 34T EM07 Serbia (Mt. Sarplanina) Rajevski 1990 3 8. Carici humilis-Seslerietum juncifoliae 33T VK95 Croatia (northern part of Mt. Velebit) Alegro & Segota 2009, 2010, manuscript 50 9 9. Carici laevis-Seslerietum tenuifoliae (Lakušic 1966) Redžic 2011 (=Seslerietum juncifoliae montenegrinum Lakušic 1964) 34T CN94 Montenegro (Mt. Bjelasica) Lakušic 1966 100-200 10 10. Seslerietum juncifoliae s.l. 34T DN46, DN47, DN48 Montenegro (Mt. Durmitor) Lakušic, D., unpubl. 20-100 5 11. Genisto sericeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae Poldini 1980 33T UL96, VL06, VL13, VL14, VL15, VL23, VL26, VL27, VL44 Slovenia (Liburnian karst), Italy (Karst) Poldini 1989, Kaligarič 1997 70-80 19 12. Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris Horvat 1931 seslerietosum juncifoliae Horvat 1962 33T VL13, VL15, VL23, VL24, VL26, VL27, VL44, VL54 Slovenia (Liburnian karst), Italy (Karst) Poldini 1989, Kaligarič 1997, Surina unpubl. 100 25 13. Bromo-Seslerietum interruptae Trinajstic 1965 33T XH69 Croatia (Mt. Biokovo) Trinajstic 1987 - 4 Table 2: Analytical table of the association Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae ass. nova. from Mt. Mučanj in Serbia. Species are sorted in descending order of constancy and cover values. (* = holotypus). Tabela 2: Analitična tabela asociacije Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae ass. nova. z gore Mučanj v Srbiji. Vrste so razvrščene padajoče glede na stalnost in pokrovnost (* = holotip). Altitude (m a.s.l.) 1450 1400 1450 1450 1450 1450 1450 1450 1450 1350 1350 1300 C Exposition - - W NW NW NW W NE NW E E S g .C Slope (°) 0 0 10 10 10 30 70 70 70 50 65 70 iC Total cover (%) 60 60 80 80 80 50 80 70 60 60 80 25 S? (J a Plot size (m2) 25 25 100 20 30 75 24 80 30 400 50 30 X No. Relevé 1 2 3 4 5* 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C Ü C o Dominant taxa Sesleria juncifolia agg. Constant taxa 2.3 2.3 3.4 4.5 4.5 Globularia cordifolia 3.4 3.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 Edraianthus graminifolius + 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 Saxifraga paniculata 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 Carex kitaibeliana 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Diagnostic taxa (*also constant taxa) Dianthus petraeus subsp. petraeus* 1.2 Chamaecytisus ciliatus* 1.2 Festuca panciciana* 1.1 Pedicularis heterodonta* + Potentilla cinerea* 1.2 Ornithogalum collinum* 1.1 Cotoneaster integerrimus* 1.2 Campanula rotundifolia* . Sanguisorba minor subsp. minor + Helianthemum nummularium subsp. nummularium Draba lasiocarpa + Chamaespartium sagittale 1.2 Galium corrudifolium . Other taxa Bromus erectus Minuartia verna 1.1 Leontodon crispus subsp. crispus 1.1 Trifolium montanum 1.2 Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia 1.2 Trifolium alpestre 1.1 Euphrasia stricta 1.1 Asplenium ceterach Juniperus communis Poa alpina Hieracium pilosella subsp. pilosella Saxifraga tridactylites Gymnadenia conopsea Rhamnus saxatilis subsp. saxatilis Stachys recta Sedum acre Euphorbia myrsinites Rosa pendulina Asplenium ruta-muraria subsp. ruta-muraria Verbascum sp. 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 + 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 . 1.2 + + 1 1.1 1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 + 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 .+ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1 .1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 + + 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 3.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 + 1.1 3.4 2.3 2.3 100 74 1.3 1.2 92 33 1.3 1.1 92 42 1.2 1.2 1.2 67 22 67 22 1.4 1.3 1.2 100 33 1.3 1.2 1.2 92 30 1.2 2.2 1.2 92 30 + 83 30 1.2 1.2 1.2 83 26 1.1 1.1 75 23 1.3 1.3 75 22 1.2 1.2 1.2 75 22 1.2 1.2 + 58 19 1.2 50 16 1.1 1.2 + 50 16 1.2 1.2 1.2 50 15 1.3 1.3 50 14 1.1 58 19 1.2 1.2 58 18 1.3 50 17 42 14 1.1 1.2 42 13 1.2 1.2 1.1 42 12 1.1 42 10 1.1 1.1 1.1 33 11 1.2 + 33 11 33 10 33 9 1.1 33 9 25 8 1.3 1.3 1.2 25 8 1.2 1.2 1.2 25 8 1.2 1.2 + 25 8 2.3 + 25 8 25 8 1.1 25 8 1.2 1.1 1.1 25 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + No. Relevé 1 2 3 4 5* 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C. (%) Cov. Acinos alpinus 1.1 . 1.2 1.2 25 7 Teucrium chamaedrys . 1.3 1.3 1.2 25 7 Sedum album + . 1.2 1.2 25 6 Erysimum sylvestre subsp. sylvestre + + 1.1 17 7 Leontopodium alpinum subsp. alpinum 1.2 1.1 17 6 Arabis hirsuta . 1.1 1.2 17 6 Phleum pratense subsp. pratense . 1.1 1.3 17 6 Thlaspi kovatsii 1.1 1.1 17 6 Aethionema saxatile subsp. saxatile . 1.1 1.2 17 6 Daphne mezereum 1.1 17 6 Thymus pulegioides 1.1 17 6 Vicia incana + . . 1.2 17 6 Cerastium decalvans . 1.2 1.2 17 6 Minuartia bosniaca . 1.2 + 17 5 Briza media subsp. media + 1.1 17 5 Scabiosa columbaria subsp. columbaria . 1.1 . . 1.1 17 5 Hieracium villosum 1.2 1.1 . 17 5 Poa nemoralis 1.3 1.2 17 4 Rhamnus alpinus subsp. fallax . 1.3 17 4 Epipactis atrorubens + + + 83 Thymus glabrescens .+. + 83 Hieracium pannosum . 1.4 83 Arabis glabra . 1.2 83 Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. 1.3 83 brachypetalum Arabis alpina 1.3 83 Leucanthemum vulgare 1.1 . . 83 Plantago lanceolata . 1.1 . 83 Plantago media 1.1 83 Heracleum sp. 1.1 83 Fagus sylvatica + 83 Valeriana montana + 83 Myosotis arvensis subsp. arvensis + 83 Erigeron annuus .+ 83 Sorbus aria + 83 Hypericum perforatum .+ 83 Poa badensis . 1.1 83 Asperula aristata subsp. scabra . 1.1 83 Polygala supina subsp. supina . 1.2 83 Brachypodium pinnatum subsp. pinnatum . + . 83 Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes 1.1 83 Lotus corniculatus + 83 Fragaria vesca + + 82 Allium flavum subsp. flavum . 1.1 82 Laserpitium siler subsp. siler . 1.3 82 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria 1.3 82 Daphne blagayana 1.2 . . 82 Trifolium campestre .+ 82 Silene saxifraga . 1.3 82 Asperula cynanchica . 1.1 82 Helianthemum canum subsp. canum . 1.1 . 8 2 Relevés 1, 3-9: Serbia, Mt. 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