HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005, 33–51 THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE WESTERN CARPATHIANS Anton PETRÍK*, Jozef ŠIBÍK**, Milan VALACHOVIČ* * Izvleček Razred Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii je prvič predstavljen v hierarhičnem sistemu višjih sintaksonov vegetacije Zahodnih Karpatov (Slovaška). Na podlagi 10 popisov, opravljenih v gorovju Belianske Tatry v obdobju 1983–2004, smo naredili sintaksonomsko primerjavo s popisi iz bližnjih gorovij in držav (Alpe – Avstrija, Italija in Vzhodni Karpati – Romunija, Ukrajina). Floristične, fitogeografske in ekološke posebnosti so predstavljene v sinoptični tabeli. Položaj fragmentov glacialnoreliktne vegetacije je predstavljen v okviru celotnega areala združb trikrpega ločja in alpinskih resav s pritlikavim grmičjem. Abstract A class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii is for the first time accepted in the hierarchical system of higher syntaxa in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). On the basis of 10 relevés, obtained in the Belianske Tatry Mts during the period 1983–2004, syntaxonomic comparison was made with the data from the neighbouring mountain ranges and countries (Alps – Austria, Italy, and Eastern Carpathians – Romania, Ukraine). Floristic, phytogeographical and ecological peculiarities are presented in the synoptic table, and the positions of the fragments of glacial relict vegetation type are discussed in the framework of whole areas of wind edge naked rush and dwarf-shrub heath communities. Ključne besede: alpinska vegetacija, Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii, fitocenologija, Slovaška, sintaksonomija Key words: alpine vegetation, Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii, phytosociology, Slovakia, syntaxonomy 1. INTRODUCTION (Hewitt 1996). In Central Europe the mean annual temperatures are estimated to have been around Wind edge naked-rush and dwarf-shrub heath com-13–17 °C lower than at present (Frenzel & al., munities extend over the arctic and northern al-1992). It is very likely that the character of high pine zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Typical mountain vegetation was more uniform than re- biotopes are windswept slopes and ridges dominat-cently. During the late-glacial period the tundra ed by low grasslands and cushions or Dryas-mats, vegetation predominated in large areas of Europe, often called Dryas tundra. Asia, and North America. Warming began some Climatic changes during the Pleistocene, thro-13,000 years ago and the ice started to retreat. Arc- ugh a series of bottlenecks and expansions in pop-tic-alpine plant taxa are now distributed in arctic ulations size and range according to the climatic latitudes (zonal distribution in Scandinavia, Green- condition, had a dramatic influence on separation, land, Alaska, arctic Siberia, and large mountain sysmigration, and extinction of plant communities tems in Canada and USA). In the more southern * Botanical Garden of Comenius University, Botanická 3, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ** Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK–845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia, e-mail: milan.valachovic@savba.sk (corresponding author) 33 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 mountain ranges they are restricted to highest summits only (extrazonal distribution in the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinarides and also Carpathians). Until the mid-20th century, the alpine grasslands and wind edge naked-rush with higher presentation of arctic-alpine taxa in Europe were inserted between plant communities of two classes, according geological substratum (the Elyno-Seslerietea, or Juncetea trifidi). However, the indices that there are distinct floristic, ecological and historical differences were suggested already by Gams (1936), followed by Braun-Blanquet (1948) by delimitation of a new alliance, and Oberdorfer (1957) by description of the order Oxytropido-Kobresietalia (and provisionally also class). Ohba was the one who described a vicariant order for the Japanese alpine grass-cushion communities, which were later included with European types into a new class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974. The area of the class corresponds with the areas of main characteristic taxa e.g. Carex rupestris, Elyna myosuroides, Lloydia serotina, Potentilla nivea etc. Therefore Ohba (1974) also suggested the future hierarchical structure of lower units for additional mountain systems, like the Caucasus, Sayany Mts, a Baikal region on the level of undescribed orders. Only for the Himalayas-Tibet region does he predict another class. Komárková (1976, 1981), in the study of vertical and horizontal differences in the arctic and alpine vegetation, considered the extension of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii to be very wide, and proposed for North America the vicariate class Kobresio-Caricetea rupestris drumondiani Komárková 1976. Its area extends from the Southern Rocky Mountains to the mountains of Alaska. In the Caucasus, following new phytocoenological data, there was similarly proposed a separate class Carici bushiorum-Bromopsietea variegatae Tzepkova 1987, but with doubtful validity (cf. Korotkov & al. 1991). Also the situation in the mountains of Siberia should be considered as provisional. The alpine tundra grasslands on windswept slopes are clumped into a widely constituted class Betuletea rotundifoliae Mirkin ex Chytrý et al. 1993 (cf. Chytrý & al. 1993, Valachovič & al. 2002). In central Europe and the Balkans, all types belong to the order Oxytropido-Kobresietalia Oberd. ex Albrecht 1969 (cf. Rodwell & al. 2002). In the Alps these communities are still recognisable, although rare, and more or less clearly distinguished from plant communities of the class Juncetea trifidi (syn.: Caricetea curvulae, cf. Albrecht 1969). In the Carpathians, the first attempt to distinguish this vegetation type was made by Puscaru & al. (1956) in Romania. Definitively confirmed was the class in the survey of vegetation by Coldea (1997). The nowadays largely accepted class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii (cf. Dierßen, 1992, Pott 1992, Grabherr & Mucina 1993, Coldea 1997) was recently subjected to criticism (Oriolo 2001). The author argues that the extrazonal distribution of naked rush swards in the Alps and Apennines is caused by a different biogeographic region than the climatic belt. The high presence of diagnostic species of the Caricion firmae and Elyno-Seslerietea, and the fact that species like Dryas octopetala or Silene acaulis have a broad ecological spectrum and can not be marked as diagnostic for one class, induced him to come to conclusion that the existence of the class in central Europe is not sustainable! The low occurrence of true arctic-alpine taxa and high presence of montane Mediterranean elements were also an argument for this opinion. The aim of the paper, therefore, is to separate those relevés from the widely viewed Elyno-Seslerietea, which can be considered as part of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii also in the Western Carpathians. The second aim is to contest the results presented by Oriolo (2001) and to defend the existence of fragments of this vegetation in Central Europe. These questions were a direct inspiration for the revaluation of similar plant communities in Slovakia. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The syntaxonomical survey presented here included 295 phytocoenological relevés of relevant plant communities from the Eastern, Southern and Western Carpathians and Eastern and Southern Alps. All relevés used in this study have been collected in accordance with the principles of the Zürich- Montpéllier school, using the nine-degree scale (Barkman & al. 1964) in Table 1. Although various authors have used different scales of abundance and dominance, the final data were transformed into the 9-degree ordinal scale (van den Maarel 1979) for the purpose of obtaining comparable data for numerical classification. Plants determined only at the level of genus were excluded, and some others were re-classified within more broadly defined taxa: Anthemis carpatica (subsp. pyrethriformis (Schur) Beldie), Arenaria 34 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS ciliata s. l. (A. tenella), Campanula polymorpha Witasek s. l. (Campanula tatrae), Carex curvula (subsp. curvula), Gentianella lutescens (subsp. lutescens, subsp. tatrae), Helianthemum grandiflorum (subsp. grandiflorum, subsp. glabrum, subsp. obscurum), Luzula spicata (subsp. mutabilis), Oxytropis campestre s. l. (subsp. tatrae), Primula auricula (subsp. hungarica), Primula elatior (subsp. carpatica, subsp. poloniensis), Salix retusa (Salix kitaibeliana), Soldanella hungarica (subsp. hungarica, subsp. major), Swertia perennis (subsp. alpestris), Schistidium apocarpum (S. atrofuscum, S. strictum), Thymus pulcherrimus (subsp. pulcherrimus, subsp. sudeticus). The program NCLAS from the SYNTAX 5 package (Podani 1993) performed the numerical classification. The ß-flexible method (ß = –0.25) with Euclidian distance and Jaccard’s, Ružička’s and Wishart’s similarity coefficients were used. The hypotheses obtained were evaluated by comparison and through analysis of the phytocoenological tables. To determine the content of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii in the Western Carpathians and the syntaxonomical position of other communities with the presence of Elyna myosuroides and Carex rupestris, our phytocoenological relevés were compared with closely related plant communities. Intentionally, with a view to distinguish clear types, we excluded the transitional stands, such as Elynetum seslerietosum variae var. with Carex firma in the Alps. Contact stands in the Tatry Mts, from the recently described association Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae, we put into the form of a synoptic table with aim of detecting the floristic and ecological peculiarities of both vegetation units (Šibík & al. 2004). The caption to each column contains the number of relevés used for the synthesis and an average number of species in a given community. Frequency in % (99 = 100 %) and a mean value of abundance (upper index) are given for each taxon. They were calculated by FYTOPACK (Jarolímek & Schlosser 1997). Individual columns contain also a shortened reference (for unpublished data only names of authors are given), number of relevés and their position on the level of the orographic unit. Diagnostically important taxa of individual plant communities are marked in bold. In this study, only differences between the communities from the Carici rupestris-Kobresietea and Caricion firmae (Elyno-Seslerietea) are highlighted, so the Arenario-Caricetum firmae association and its diagnostic taxa are not evaluated in more detail. The nomenclature of taxa generally follows the Checklist (Marhold & Hindák 1998), the names of taxa occurring only in the Alps follow Ehrendorfer (1973), and a few exceptions include author names. Subspecies, given without the species epithet, appearing in the tables or repeated within the text are marked by asterisks (*). Names of syntaxa are given with author citation or follow the large synthetic studies, equally as for the groups of diagnostic taxa of higher syntaxa (Ohba 1974, Grabherr & Mucina (eds) 1993, Coldea (ed.) 1997, Malinovski & Kricsfalusy 2002, Šibík & al., 2004). Chorological spectrums were calculated according to the classification of elements used by Poldini (1991) for the Alps, and Dostál (1989) for the Carpathians. In the tables (Tab. 1 and Tab. 2) the names of syntaxa are abbreviated: aa Arabidion alpinae, ac Arabidion coerulae, an Androsacion alpinae, AT Asplenietea trichomanis, Cc Caricetalia curvulae, cf Caricion firmae, cr Cratoneurion commutati, cy Cystopteridion, CK Carici rupestris-Kobresietea, Cv Calamagrostietalia villosae, cv Calamagrostion villosae, ES Elyno-Seslerietea, fc Festucion carpaticae, fp Festucion pictae, fs Festuco saxatilis-Seslerion bielzii (Pawł. et Walas 1949) Coldea 1984, fv Festucion versicoloris, Jp Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971, JT Juncetea trifidi, jt Juncion trifidi, lv Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, Na Nardetalia, ns Nardion strictae, oe Oxytropido-Elynion, pa Poion alpinae, Pc Potentilletalia caulescentis, pc Potentillion caulescentis, pn Potentillo ternatae-Nardion strictae Simon 1958, pt Papaverion tatrici, sa Seslerio-Asterion alpini, Sc Seslerietalia coerulae, st Seslerion tatrae, tf Trisetion fusci, Tr Thlaspietalia rotundifolii. 3. RESULTS In the Belianske Tatry Mts (Western Carpathians) are there verified three recent localities of the wiry Elyna myosuroides with relatively near distance and tiny altitudinal span in the alpine belt (1940– 2040 m). The single finding of this species in Vysoké Tatry Mts (Šmarda 1955) was confirmed by Dúbravcová (1996) inside the association Silenetum acaulis Krajina 1933. Similarly as in the other mountains, the Elyna myosuroides occupies wind-exposed rocky ridges near summits and extreme slopes (Fig. 1). Sporadically, and with low abundance it pervades into the dense alpine grasslands. A more typical environment is sparse herbaceous undergrowth created by cushion chamaephytes, such as Silene acaulis, Minuartia sedoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, S. paniculata and other low plants. The ground cover of lichens 35 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Figure 1: A general view on the typical biotop of the asso- ciation Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum on limestone in the Belianske Tatry Mts. Slika 1: Pogled na tipično rastišče asociacije Oxytropido car- paticae-Elynetum na apnencu v gorovju Belianske Tatry. (Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pyxidata, Dactylina madreporiformis, Thamnolia vermicularis, Vulpicida tubulosus) and some mosses attain 5–30 %, which represent about one third of the cover of vascular plants (40–90 %). The average height of vascular plants is 3–5 cm. This lowest layer then overgrows plants with height around 15–25 cm, mostly the Elyna itself as a dominant species (Fig. 2), sometimes with fescue Festuca versicolor. From the diagnostic species of the alliance Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynion and higher syntaxa are derived frequent species such as Androsace chamaejasme, Cerastium eriophorum, Comastoma tenellum, Ligusticum mutellinoides, Lloydia serotina, Minuartia sedoides, Oxytropis carpatica, and O. halleri. Rare species include Astragalus alpinus, Carex atrata, C. capillaris, Draba fladnizensis, D. siliquosa, Kobresia simpliciuscula etc. (see Table 1). The soils are shallow, fine soil and humus spreads among the stones. During the hot summer days the soil dries out. In the winter the snow cover is very slight, due to windstorms. From the geological point of view, generally present are calcareous- silicate rocks, namely base-rich marl, limestone (commonly with layers or nodules of siliceous horn-stone), but also acid quartzite. The tolerance of Elyna myosuroides and several accompanying species to the pH value signify that, for wind edge naked-rush communities, the role is played more by the extreme climatic conditions than by the character of substratum. In the Belianske Tatry Mts, on the area of relevé Nr. 10 (Table 1) was measured pH (KCl) 6.16 and pH (H2O) 6.49. Whereas sub- ass. seslerietosum variae prefers rendzina soil with pH between 5.9–8.0, the subass. helictotrichetosum versicoloris overgrowth podzolised soils with pH between 3.5–6.5. To compare data from the Western Carpathians and neighbouring countries we select comparable data from Austria (Albrecht 1969), Italy (Oriolo 2001), Romania (Puşcaru 1956, Coldea 1990), and Ukraine (Malynovskij & Kricsfalusy 2002). Recently only two associations, namely Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (Puşcaru & al. 1956) Coldea Figure 2. A tuft of wiry (Elyna myosuroides) is a dominant species. Slika 2: Šop alpske eline (Elyna myosuroides), ki je domi- nantna vrsta. The photos were taken on 13. september 2004. 36 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS 1991 and Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum (Beldie 1967) Coldea 1984 were recognised in the Carpathians. Probably the Dryas-mats with Salix reticulata could be also classified within this vegetation (cf. Šibík & al. 2004). Equally, the plant communities from the alliance Festucion versicoloris, may represent phytocoenoses of class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea. Ohba (1974) was the first to point out this actuality, and he included the relevés from the alliance Festucion versicoloris obtained by Krajina (1933) in the Vysoké Tatry Mts to the order Oxytropido-Kobresietalia, but this fact was still marginalized. As regards the chorological spectra, which were used as an argument for liquidation of the class in Central Europe, we compared 18 relevés from the Alps (Oriolo 2001) and our material (Fig. 3). The biggest differences are caused by disparate evaluation of the some taxa in Poldini (1991) and Dostál (1989). Species such as Agrostis alpina, Antenaria Figure 3. Chorological spectra in S-Alps (Oriolo 2001, clas- sification according to Poldini 1991), and Western Carpathi- ans (Tab. 1 according to Dostál 1989). Slika 3: Horološki spekter v južnih Alpah(Oriolo 2001, kla- sifikacija vrst po Poldini 1991) in Zahodnih Karpatih (tabe- la 1 po Dostál 1989). carpatica, Avenula versicolor, Carex firma, Galium anisophyllon, Primula minima, Rhodax alpestris and many others are assigned by Poldini (1991) as Montane Mediterranean elements, while according Dostál (1989) they belong to the Alpine-Carpatic or European elements. The high value by Montane Mediterranean elements (36 %) and low presence of European species (2 %) are replaced in the Western Carpathians by 17 % of Alpine-Carpatic and 24 % of European species. Nevertheless, in both spectra it is evident that in the naked rush swards there occur approx. 30 % Arctic-Alpine species, and around 15 % of the Circumboreal and Euroasiatic (Eurosiberian) species. Figure 4 shows the differences between plant communities of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea (cluster A) and the Elyno-Seslerietea (cluster B) in the Carpathians. The clusters A1, A2 and A3 of the dendrogram represent separate, well-defined plant communities, different from phytocoenoses of the alliance Caricion firmae (B) despite their sharing of several species. 4. DISCUSSION The relatively species-rich naked rush swards in the arctic zone (Lünterbusch & Daniëls 2004) are, in the Carpathians, much deprived of typical arctic elements. A linkage between the centre of the class is represented by species such as Silene acaulis, Elyna myosuroides, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Erigeron uniflorus, Lloydia serotina, Minuartia sedoides, Pedicularis oederi, and moreover frequent numerous cryptogams. Certain species manifest in the Carpathians slightly different ecological demands, like hygrophilous Tofieldia pusilla or the autecological behaviour of the Dryas octopetala, a species with relatively wide distribution. As the large synoptic revision revealed (Šibík & al. 2004), the stands with presence of the Carex rupestris indicate in the alpine belt community of the Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae and in the supramontane and subalpine belts a community of the alliance Seslerio- Asterion alpini Hadač ex Hadač et al. 1969 or Potentillion caulescentis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. & Jenny 1926 emend. Sutter 1969. The common and characteristic species of the higher syntaxa in the Alps, like Arenaria ciliata, Campanula scheuchzeri, Carex curvula, Festuca pumila, Oxytropis campestre, Pedicularis rostrato-capitata, Salix serpyllifolia, are missing in the Western Carpathians or are replaced by vicariant taxa Arenaria tenella, 37 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Figure 4. Dendrogram of the numerical classification of the selected plant communities of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea (A) and Elyno-Seslerietea (B) in the Carpathians. A1 – Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum,A2 – Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum, A3 – Dryado-Salicetum reticulatae Domin 1929, B – Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae; (used parameters: ß-flexible method with Ružička’s similarity coefficient). Slika 4: Dendrogram numerične klasifikacije izbranih združb razreda Carici rupestris-Kobresietea (A) in Elyno-Seslerietea (B) v Karpatih. A1 – Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum,A2 – Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum,A3 – Dryado-Salicetum reticulatae Domin 1929, B – Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae; (uporabljeni parameri: ß-fleksibilna metoda in koeficient podobnosti po Ružički). Campanula tatrae, Oxytropis carpatica and functional demic species in the Apennines and southern Alps types e.g. Carex sempervirens subsp. tatrorum, Festuca (Feoli Chiapella & Feoli 1977, Oriolo 2001). These supina, Pedicularis oederi etc. (Tab. 2). Delicate dif-species probably survived the last glaciation in ferences within Carpathians plant communities more or less interconnected southern populations, present Carex firma and Sesleria tatrae, in the west-represented nowadays by the relict populations ern part of the Carpathians, and Carex curvula and found at high elevation in the Pyrenees, the Alps Sesleria bielzii in the eastern part, respectively. and the Carpathians. Today these taxa occupy a large areas in mountains and have partly occur also Typical for the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea is the highest summits, where are found the last ref- a tiny percentage of endemic species. Practically uges of the cryo-xerophytic wind edge naked rush each endemic in Table 1 represents a diagnostic swards. In spite of the fragmentary occurrence of taxon of Elyno-Seslerietea and other higher units. these communities in Central Europe, they must This fact confirms that the majority of endemic vas-be considered as relict vegetation from the glacial cular plants concentrate in vegetation types from period. The present floristic composition is the an- sunny refugial areas, that remained unglaciated swer of vegetation to the climatic changes during during the Pleistocene period e.g. numerous en-last 8,000 years, and the presence of more ther 38 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS mophilous plants is not a reason for re-classification of the plant communities inside the Elyno-Seslerietea, as proposed by Oriolo (2001). Because in his study lack the relevés from the whole Central European region, therefore its conclusions have only local value. Factual confirmation of the class completes the total area in the Northern Hemisphere and it is a contribution to the complementary vegetation survey of Europe. The results support the assumption of Ohba (1974) that part of the vegetation on neutral (calcareous-silicate) soils, originally included within alliances such as Festucion versicoloris (Western Carpathians)probablyalsobelongswithinnakedswards of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank Ulrich Deil (Freiburg), Thorsten Englisch and Wolfgang Willner (both Wien) for providing the missing literature. We are grateful to Laco Mucina (Stellenbosch) and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. For help during the field investigations and for determination of lichens we are grateful to Zuzana Dúbravcová, Eva Lisická, Anna Lackovičová and Ivan Pišút (all Bratislava). Specimens of genus Erigeron were revised by Otakar Šída (Praha). 6. 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Recieved 28. 9. 2004 Revision recieved 5. 1. 2005 Accepted 20. 1. 2005 40 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS APPENDIX Headings and localities of relevés in Table 1: rels. 1 and 2 from Mt. Predné Jatky, 3–6 ridge between Mt. Hlúpy and Vyšné Kopské sedlo Saddle, 7–10 from Mt. Ždiarska Vidla. Relevé Area Aspect Slope Alt. Cover Cover Cover Geology Date nr. m2 ° m E1 % E0 % total % 1 3 NNW 30–40 1950 50 30 60 marl 18. 8. 1983 2 3 SSW 20 1940 70 10 75 limestone 4. 8. 2000 3 3 SW 0–30 1983 90 10 95 horn-stone 10. 8. 1991 4 20 SW 50 1970 80 5 80 horn-stone 4. 8. 2001 5 3 ESE 30–40 1960 50 10 60 quartzite 1. 8. 1992 6 3 ESE 0–20 1972 80 20 90 quartzite 12. 8. 1991 7 8 SSE 40–60 2040 45 15 50 horn-stone 24. 7. 1990 8 3 SW 40–60 2025 50 10 60 horn-stone 1. 8. 1990 9 9 SSE 65 1950 40 20 50 horn-stone 8. 8. 1987 10 9 SE 50 1971 40 10 50 marl 13. 9. 2004 Table 1: Association Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum in the Belianske Tatry Mts (Western Carpathians). Chorological ele ments of vascular plants follow Dostál (1989) . Tabela 1: Asociacija Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum na gorovju Belianske Tatry (Zahodni Karpati). Horološki elementi po Dostál (1989) . Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Const. Chor. Number of species 64 42 41 66 44 57 58 56 46 54 % Diagnostic taxa of the association CK Elyna myosuroides 3 3 4 1 2b 4 2a 2a 2b 2b 1006 Arct-Alp JT, Cv Campanula tatrae + + + + + + . + + . 802 Endemic cf Dactylina madreporiformis (E0) 1 + + + + . 2a . + 1 803 tf Rhodiola rosea + + + + r . . r r + 802 Circumbor oe, Sc Oxytropis halleri + . 2b 2b . . 2a 1 + + 704 European JT, Cc Primula minima + . + + 1 2m . 1 . + 703 European oe, fv Ligusticum mutellinoides r 1 1 + + + . . . + 702 Arct-Alp fv Agrostis alpina . . . . 2b 1 2b 2a 1 1 604 European Thymus alpestris . . + 1 + 1 + 1 . . 603 European oe, fv Carex fuliginosa . + . 1 2a + . + . + 603 Circumbor pa Poa alpina + + + + . + + . . . 602 Circumbor oe, st Oxytropis carpatica . + + + . + . . . + 502 Endemic an, fv Luzula *mutabilis . . + + + + . . . . 402 Alp-Carp Oxytropido-Elynion, Oxytropido-Elynetalia cf Androsace chamaejasme + 2m 2m 1 + 1 2m 2m + + 1003 Circumbor fv Cerastium eriophorum . + 2a 2a 1 1 + 1 + + 903 Arct-Alp fv, cf Minuartia sedoides 1 + 1 2a + + + 1 . . 803 Alp-Carp Pc Saxifraga paniculata + . 1 2b . + 2b 2b 2b 1 804 Arct-Alp cf Arenaria tenella + + . . . . 2a + 1 + 603 Arct-Alp fv Antennaria carpatica . . 1 + . + . r . + 502 Alp-Carp cf, pc Draba aizoides . . . 1 . . 1 . + + 403 European 41 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Const. Chor. Carex capillaris . . . . . . 1 2a + 1 403 Arct-Alp an, fv Saxifraga oppositifolia 2m + . 1 . + . . . . 403 Circumbor ac Myosotis alpestris . + + + . . . . . . 302 European Kobresia simpliciuscula + 1 . . . . . . . . 203 Arct-Alp JT Carex atrata . + . . . . . . . . 102 Arct-Alp Sedum atratum . . . . . . + . . . 102 European Carici rupestris-Kobresietea fv Lloydia serotina 1 1 2m 2m 1 1 1 2m . + 903 Arct-Alp fv Comastoma tenellum + + + + . + . r . + 702 Arct-Alp cf, fv Pedicularis oederi + . 1 + . . . + . . 402 Arct-Alp cf Minuartia gerardii + . + 1 . + . . . . 402 Arct-Alp Sc, pc Aster alpinus . . . . . . 1 2b 1 1 404 Euroas Gentiana nivalis . . . . . . . + . + 202 Arct-Alp Draba fladnizensis . . . + . . . + . . 202 Arct-Alp Erigeron hungaricus . . . + . . . . . . 102 Endemic fv Saussurea alpina . . . 1 . . . . . . 103 Circumbor Astragalus alpinus . . . . . 2a . . . . 105 Arct-Alp cf Dryas octopetala . . . . . . . . . r 101 Arct-Alp Caricion firmae fv Bistorta vivipara + + 2b 2a 1 1 + 1 + + 1003 Arct-Alp fv Silene acaulis 2b 2a 2a 3 2b 2b 2a . 2a 1 905 Arct-Alp lv Thamnolia vermicularis (E0) + . + + + 2a 1 + + + 902 Rhodax alpestris . + . + . . 1 + . + 502 European Vulpicida tubulosus (E0) + . + + + . . . . + 502 Alectoria ochroleuca (E0) + . . . + 1 . . . . 302 pc Carex firma + + . . . . . . . . 202 Alp-Carp Ranunculus alpestris + . . . . . . . . . 102 Arct-Alp Saxifraga aizoides + . . . . . . . . . 102 Arct-Alp Saussurea pygmaea . . . . r . . . . . 101 Arct-Alp Chamorchis alpina . . . . . . . . . + 102 Arct-Alp Seslerietalia coerulae, Elyno-Seslerietea Sc Ranunculus breyninus + 2b + 1 + + 1 1 1 + 1003 European Galium anisophyllon + 1 + + + + . + + . 802 European pc Trisetum alpestre + + . . . . 2b 1 2a 1 604 Alp-Carp st Bupleurum ranunculoides . + . 1 . . 1 1 . 1 503 Alp-Carp Euphrasia salisburgensis + . . . . . + 1 r . 402 European st Astragalus australis . . . . . . 1 1 1 . 303 Euroas Gentianella *tatrae . . . . . . . r r + 301 Endemic Sc, st Carex *tatrorum 1 . . + . . . . . . 203 Endemic Phyteuma orbiculare . . . + + . . . . . 202 European st Tephroseris capitata . . r + . . . . . . 202 European st Astragalus frigidus . + . . . . . . . . 102 Alp-Carp st Sesleria tatrae . . . + . . . . . . 102 Endemic ES Selaginella selaginoides . . . . . . . . . r 101 Alp-Carp Sc, Pc Thymus *sudeticus . . . . . . . . . + 102 Endemic Festucion versicoloris Festuca versicolor 2b 2a 2b 2a 1 2a 2a 2b 2a 2a 1005 European cf Hedysarum hedysaroides + + . + . 1 . . . . 402 Arct-Alp an Saxifraga moschata + . . + . . . + . . 302 Euroas cf Bartsia alpina . . . . . . . . . + 102 Arct-Alp ac Leontodon pseudotaraxaci . . . . . . . . . + 102 Endemic 42 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Const. Chor. Caricetalia curvulae, Juncetea trifidi JT Festuca supina . 1 1 . + 1 . . . . 403 Circumbor Oreochloa disticha . . + . . 1 . . . . 203 Alp-Carp Cetraria cucullata (E0) . . + . . . . + . . 202 Cetraria islandica (E0) . . . + . + . . . . 202 Cladonia gracilis . . . + . . . . . . 102 jt Juncus trifidus . . . + . . . . . . 102 Circumbor Cetraria nivalis (E0) . . . . . 1 . . . . 103 Avenula versicolor . . . . . + . . . . 102 Alp-Carp Campanula alpina . . . . . + . . . . 102 European Potentillion caulescentis Primula *hungarica . + . . . . 2b + 1 1 503 Endemic Artemisia eriantha . . + + + . . . 1 . 402 Alp-Carp Campanula cochlearifolia . . . . + . . . + + 302 Alp-Carp Sc Leontopodium alpinum . . . . . . 1 . 1 + 303 Euroas Androsace lactea + . . . . . . . r . 202 European Draba tomentosa . . . + . . . . . . 102 European Potentilletalia caulescentis, Asplenietea trichomanis AT Tortella tortuosa (E0) 1 + + + . + + + + . 802 Pc Ditrichum flexicaule (E0) 2b + 1 + . . . . . + 503 Other taxa Viola biflora . + . . 1 . . . . . 203 European Draba siliquosa . . . . . . 1 1 . . 203 Mont-Med Draba dubia . . . . . . 1 . + . 203 European pt Saxifraga wahlenbergii + . . . . . . . . . 102 Endemic Anthoxanthum alpinum . . . + . . . . . . 102 Arct-Alp pt Delphinium oxysepalum . . . + . . . . . . 102 Endemic Draba xsturii Strobel . . . r . . . . . . 101 an Poa laxa . . . . + . . . . . 102 European Poa *carpatica . . . . . + . . . . 102 Endemic ac Salix retusa . . . . . 1 . . . . 103 Alp-Carp an Saxifraga bryoides . . . . . 1 . . . . 103 European Salix sp. . . . . . . . . . r 101 Bryophytes & Lichens (E0) Cladonia pyxidata s. l. 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + + . 903 Physconia muscigena + + . + 1 1 + + + . 802 Myurella julacea . . + . + + + + . . 502 Mycobilimbia lobulata + . . . . . + + + + 502 Encalypta alpina + . . . . . + + 1 + 502 Psora decipiens . . . . . . + + + 1 402 Ochrolechia upsaliensis + + + . . . . + . . 402 Ctenidium procerrimum + + . 1 . . . . . + 402 Fulgensia bracteata + . . . . . . + + + 402 Hypnum vaucheri 1 . . . . . 1 . + + 403 Caloplaca ammiospila + . . . 1 + + . . . 402 Rhytidium rugosum 1 1 . + . . . . . . 303 Entodon concinnus 1 + . + . . . . . . 302 Hypnum revolutum + . . + . + . . . . 302 Mnium thomsonii + . . + . . . . + . 302 Distichium inclinatum + . . . . + + . . . 302 Phaeorrhiza nimbosa + . . . . . + . + . 302 43 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Const. Chor. Grimmia sp. ....+...++302 Squamarina gypsacea . . . . . .1.2b+304 Encalypta ciliata . .+++. . . . .302 Plagiochila porelloides . . .+++. . . .302 Cetraria aculeata et muricata . . . .+++. . .302 Campylium stellatum ++. . . . . . . .202 Lecanora epibryon +. . . . .+. . .202 Solorina sp. +.......+.202 Toninia sp. +.......1.203 Cladonia coccifera . .+. .+. . . .202 Caloplaca sp. ...+...+..202 Cladonia furcata . . .+.+. . . .202 Anaptychia bryorum . . . .++. . . .202 Hypogymnia physodes . . . .+1. . . .203 Polytrichum alpinum . . . .+1. . . .203 Pseudevernia furfuracea . . . .1.+. . .203 Grimmia funalis . . . .+. .1. .203 Hypnum cupressiforme . . . .+. . .+.202 Anaptychia sp. ......2a+..204 Leptogium sp. ......++..202 Megaspora verrucosa . . . . . .+. .+202 Schistidium apocarpum . . . . . . .+.+202 Stegonia latifolia . . . . . .11. .203 Ctenidium molluscum +. . . . . . . . .102 Didymodon giganteus +. . . . . . . . .102 Hypogymnia sp. +.........102 Lecidea lurida +. . . . . . . . .102 Encalypta streptocarpa +. . . . . . . . .102 Racomitrium canescens +. . . . . . . . .102 Thelopsis melathelia +. . . . . . . . .102 Hypnum sp. .+........102 Lecidoma demissum . .+. . . . . . .102 Caloplaca *chloroleuca . . .+. . . . . .102 Peltigera rufescens . . .+. . . . . .102 Protoblastenia terricola . . .+. . . . . .102 Pertusaria glomerata . . . .+. . . . .102 Bryoria bicolor . . . . .1. . . .103 Polytrichum piliferum . . . . .1. . . .103 Bryoria sp. .....+....102 Cladonia bellidiflora . . . . .+. . . .102 Parmelia omphalodes . . . . .+. . . .102 Sphaerophorus fragilis . . . . .+. . . .102 Toninia opuntioides . . . . . .1. . .103 Caloplaca epiphyta . . . . . .+. . .102 Dermatocarpon miniatum . . . . . .+. . .102 Diploschistes gypsaceus . . . . . .+. . .102 Encalypta rhaptocarpa . . . . . .+. . .102 Marsupella sp. ......+...102 Schistidium atrofuscum . . . . . .+. . .102 Umbilicaria cylindrica . . . . . .+. . .102 Xanthoria sorediata . . . . . .+. . .102 44 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Const. Chor. Anoectangium sp. .......+..102 Physcia caesia . . . . . . .+. .102 Plagiobryum demissum . . . . . . .+. .102 Pseudoleskeella catenulata . . . . . . .+. .102 Myurella tenerrima . . . . . . .+. .102 Collema sp. ........+.102 Dermatocarpon sp. ........+.102 Cladonia *pocillum . . . . . . . . .1103 Toninia sedifolia . . . . . . . . .+102 Xanthoria elegans . . . . . . . . .+102 Table 2: Comparison of the Western Carpathian plant community of the association Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) with other relevant associations from Carpathians and Alps (a brief synoptic table) A–E Carici rupestris-Kobresietea (Oxytropido-Elynion), F Elyno-Seslerietea (Caricion firmae) A Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (Western Carpathians), B Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (Southern Carpathians) , C Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum (Eastern Carpathians), D Elynetum myosuroides (Eastern Alps), E Elynetum myosuroides (Southern Alps), F Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae (Western Carpathians) Tabela 2: Primerjava sestojev asociacije Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (razred Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) z Zahodnih Karpatov z primerljivimi asociacijami z Karpatov in Alp (skrajšana sinoptična tabela) A–E Carici rupestris-Kobresietea (Oxytropido-Elynion), F Elyno-Seslerietea (Caricion firmae) A Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (zahodni Karpati), B Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (južni Karpati), C Achilleo schurii- Dryadetum (vzhodni Karpati), D Elynetum myosuroides (vzhodne Alpe), E Elynetum myosuroides (južne Alpe), F Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae (zahodni Karpati) Community ABCDE F Number of relevés 10 14 13 58 18 182 Average species number 53 29 26 23 24 39 Differencial taxa of the associations oe Elyna myosuroides 996 995 . 986 996 . JT, Cc Primula minima 703 863 232 573 563 132 oe, Sc Oxytropis halleri 704 432 . 23. 32 pa Poa alpina 602 502 82 282 563 192 oe, st Oxytropis carpatica 502 142 . . .183 an, fv Luzula spicata 402 362 . 22 62 12 JT, Cv Campanula polymorpha s. l. 802 .382. .152 cf Dactylina madreporiformis (E0) 803 . . 52.233 tf Rhodiola rosea 802 . 82. .232 oe, fv Ligusticum mutellinoides 702 . . 332 172 82 Thymus alpestris 603 . . . .52 oe, fv Agrostis alpina 604 . . 343 563 13 fv Carex fuliginosa 603 . .124.132 Armeria alpina . 502 ... oe, cf Dryas octopetala 101 793 998 142 673 745 oe Achillea *schurii . 362 852 ... fs Sesleria bielzii .. 852 ... fv, cf Bartsia alpina 102 72 772 . 783 372 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (E0) .. 693 . . 162 Hylocomium splendens (E0) .. 543 . . 193 45 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Community A B C D E F Salix hastata . . 462 . . . Cv, st Anemone narcissiflora . . 462 . . 12 MU Primula elatior . . 382 . . . Soldanella hungarica . . 382 . . . oe Festuca pumila . . . 974 . . Carex rupestris . 142 82 784 112 56 oe, Sc Oxytropis campestris s. l. . . . 743 . 13 oe Salix serpyllifolia . . . 473 392 . JT, Cc Euphrasia minima . . . 402 502 . Campanula scheuchzeri . . . 362 172 . Gentiana orbicularis . . . 412 . . Ranunculus montanus . . . 213 . . Sc Thymus *polytrichus . . . 72 562 . Sc Achillea clavennae . . . 32 563 . JT, Cc Leontodon helveticus . . . 21 442 . Pedicularis rostrato-capitata . . . 92 392 . JT, Cc Potentilla aurea . . . . 563 12 Arctostaphylos alpinus . . . . 393 . Carex ornithopoda . . . . 393 . cf, pc Carex firma 202 . . 123 563 997 cf Ranunculus alpestris 102 . . 262 112 742 cf Crepis jacquinii . . . . . 743 cf, pc Saxifraga caesia . . . . . 672 Salix alpina . . 82 . . 442 Sc, cy Bellidiastrum michelii . . . . 562 342 Soldanella carpatica . . . . . 252 Oxytropido-Elynion, Oxytropido-Elynetalia cf Androsace chamaejasme 993 642 . 102 . 602 fv Cerastium eriophorum 903 572 382 . . 242 cf, fv Minuartia sedoides 803 502 . 482 . 542 Pc Saxifraga paniculata 804 362 772 402 . 452 cf Arenaria ciliata s. l. 603 . . 642 . 602 fv Antennaria carpatica 502 292 232 . 673 32 an, fv Saxifraga oppositifolia 403 292 313 432 . 82 ac Myosotis alpestris 302 142 382 212 . 92 Carex capillaris 403 . 82 213 112 42 cf, pc Draba aizoides 403 . . 32 . 322 st Astragalus australis 303 . 312 . 63 32 Kobresia simpliciuscula 203 . . . . 145 JT Carex atrata 102 72 . 22 112 52 Sedum atratum 102 . . . . 32 Anthemis carpatica . 212 82 . . . Gentiana verna . 72 . 92 112 32 Androsace villosa . 72 . . . . Carex parviflora . . . 142 172 . Oxytropis lapponica . . . 103 . . Carici rupestris-Kobresietea fv Lloydia serotina 903 . 82 223 112 292 fv Comastoma tenellum 702 . . 162 . 102 cf, fv Pedicularis oederi 402 362 . 33 . 642 cf Minuartia gerardii 402 362 . 833 172 422 46 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS Community ABCDEF Sc, pc Aster alpinus 404 . 232 243 222 123 Draba fladnizensis 202. .52. . Astragalus alpinus 105293. 23. . Gentiana nivalis 202 212 . 162 112 32 fv Saussurea alpina 103 . 232363 . 22 Erigeron hungaricus 102. . . .11 Erigeron uniflorus . 212 . 282 392 12 Sc, fv Potentilla crantzii . . 82212 62 12 Caricion firmae fv Bistorta vivipara 993 933 622 903 993 722 fv, fs Silene acaulis 905 792 83 843 722 733 Rhodax alpestris 502 293 82 102 392 593 Chamorchis alpina 102 292 . 32 112 342 lv Thamnolia vermicularis (E0) 902 363 . 712 . 532 Alectoria ochroleuca (E0) 302 212 . 192 . 252 Vulpicida tubulosus (E0) 502. .282.463 Saxifraga aizoides 102.542. .542 Saussurea pygmaea 101. . . . . Festuco saxatilis-Seslerion bielzii Swertia punctata . .153. . . Festuca *saxatilis . 7282. . . Dianthus tenuifolius . .82. . . Seslerietalia coerulae, Elyno-Seslerietea Sc Ranunculus breyninus 993142542 . . 412 Galium anisophyllon 802 362 542 192 442 622 Sc, st Carex sempervirens 203 293 773 25 172 132 pc Trisetum alpestre 604.382. .583 ES Selaginella selaginoides 101 . 312 . 722342 Gentianella lutescens 301. 82. .332 Phyteuma orbiculare 202 .23292 .312 Sc, Pc Thymus pulcherrimus 102. 82. .102 Sc Anthyllis *alpestris . . 312 21 332 162 st, cf Ranunculus thora . .233. . 42 Helianthemum grandiflorum . . 82. .142 Euphrasia salisburgensis 402. . . 62462 st Bupleurum ranunculoides 50372. . . 82 st Sesleria tatrae 102. . . .352 st Tephroseris capitata 202. . . .11 st Astragalus frigidus 102. . 72. 12 Sc Sesleria albicans . 292 . 212 723 133 ES, Tr Biscutella laevigata . 72. 32.312 sa Hieracium villosum .212. . 6242 ES Scabiosa lucida . 142 382 . . 102 st, fs Linum extraaxillare . 72152 . . 21 Parnassia palustris . 72 152 52 282 102 Sc, pc Gentiana clusii . . . 52112202 sa, pc Gypsophila repens . . .31.93 Phyteuma vagneri . .82. . . Festucion versicoloris fs Festuca versicolor 995293463 . . 995 Pedicularis verticillata . 292 462 33 . 342 47 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Community A B C D E F cf Hedysarum hedysaroides 402 143 312 144 392 142 an Saxifraga moschata 302 . . 102 . 72 ac, fs Leontodon pseudotaraxaci 102 142 382 . . 102 Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Jp Vaccinium vitis-idaea . . 312 72 442 112 Vaccinium gaultherioides . 142 313 . 943 22 Jp Vaccinium myrtillus . . 153 . . . st Euphrasia tatrae . . . . . 12 Loiseleuria procumbens . 72 . 21 172 . Caricetalia curvulae, Juncetea trifidi Cetraria islandica (E0) 202 573 82 593 172 552 JT Festuca supina 403 993 313 . . 32 Campanula alpina 102 362 313 . . 62 jt Juncus trifidus 102 145 82 . . 12 Cetraria nivalis (E0) 103 362 . 913 62 102 Cetraria cucullata (E0) 202 . . 32 . 82 Oreochloa disticha 203 . . 35 . 23 Avenula versicolor 102 . 152 . 503 . Cc, pn Potentilla *chrysocraspeda . 292 . . . . Cladonia arbuscula (E0) . 292 . . . 32 cv Pulsatilla scherfelii . 142 . . . 12 Cc Carex curvula . 142 82 25 . . jt Hieracium alpinum . . 312 . . . Jp Huperzia selago . . 312 . . 42 Jp Juniperus sibirica . . 82 . . 12 Jp Rhododendron myrtifolium . . 82 . . . Juncus *monanthos . . . 23 282 . ns Luzula sudetica . 142 . . . . Potentillion caulescentis Primula auricula 503 . . . . 462 Artemisia eriantha 402 . . . . 52 Sc Leontopodium alpinum 303 212 . 402 282 252 Campanula cochleariifolia 302 . . 122 . 553 Androsace lactea 202 . . . . 112 Draba tomentosa 102 . . . . 102 Potentilletalia caulescentis, Asplenietea trichomanis AT Tortella tortuosa (E0) 802 142 . 172 . 925 Pc Ditrichum flexicaule (E0) 503 142 . . . 723 cy Asplenium viride . . 232 . . 102 Pc Silene zawadskii . . 152 . . . Cc Agrostis rupestris . 363 . . 114 . cy Swertia perennis . . . . . 242 Arabidion coeruleae ac Salix retusa 103 72 . 22 114 112 st, pa Alchemilla flabellata . 362 . . 222 12 ac Salix reticulata . 292 465 32 . 473 pt Saxifraga wahlenbergii 102 . . . . 202 pt Pritzelago alpina . . . . . 142 st Cardaminopsis halleri . . 152 . . . Salicetalia herbaceae, Salicetea herbacea Sedum alpestre . 212 . . . . 48 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS Community ABCDE F Salix herbacea .142. . . . fp, an Doronicum stiriacum . .312. . . Luzula alpinopilosa . .82. . . Mulgedio-Aconitetea Anthoxanthum alpinum 10214282. . . Primula halleri . 142 82 31 112 . Cv Ligusticum mutellina .142. . .12 Cv, Na Campanula serrata .72. . . . fc Festuca carpatica . .312. . . Bistorta major . .313. . 12 Thlaspietea rotundifolii an, fp Veronica baumgartenii . .312. . . aa, cy Arabis alpina . .232. . 12 pt Delphinium oxysepalum 102. . . .11 an Saxifraga bryoides 103. .22. . an Poa laxa 102. . . . . an Saxifraga hieraciifolia . . . . .12 Other taxa Draba siliquosa 203. .102. 12 Draba dubia 203. .21. . Viola biflora 203.232. . 32 Draba xsturii Strobel 101. . . . . Poa *carpatica 102. . . . . Thymus *parviflorus .432. . . . Arenaria rotundifolia M.Bieb. .362. . . . Festuca bucegiensis .363. . . . Viola alpina .362. . .173 Trifolium *ochranthum .362. . . . Dianthus *gelidus .292. . . . Minuartia recurva .292. . . . Thalictrum alpinum .212. . . . Alyssum *repens .142. . . . Luzula multiflora .142. . . . Ranunculus pseudomontanus .142. . .32 Botrychium lunaria .142. 32. 22 Bellardiochloa variegata .72. . . . Cerastium transsilvanicum .72. . . . Koeleria macrantha .72. . . . pn Viola declinata .72. . . . cr Pinguicula alpina . 72312 . . 342 Callianthemum coriandrifolium . .82. . . Coeloglossum viride . .82. . . Dianthus superbus . .82. . . Doronicum carpaticum . .82. . . Minuartia *oxypetala . .82. . . Trisetum spicatum . . .173. . Astragalus helveticus . . .162. . Phyteuma hemisphaericum . . . 122172 . Sesleria ovata . . .142. . Gentianella campestris . . .122. . Gentiana prostrata . . .122. . 49 HACQUETIA 4/1 • 2005 Community A B C D E F Pedicularis aspleniifolia . . . 122 . . Phyteuma globuraliifolium . . . 122 . . Cerastium alpinum . . . 102 . . Potentilla nivea . . . 102 . . Homogyne alpina . . . . 333 12 Gentiana acaulis . . . . 282 . Oxytropis jacquinii . . . 23 222 . Euphrasia pulchella . . . . 222 . Homogyne discolor . . . . 223 . Daphne striata . . . . 172 . Festuca alpina . . . . 172 . Lotus alpinus . . . . 172 . Saxifraga crustata . . . . 172 . Phyteuma sieberi . . . . 112 . Sesleria sphaerocephala . . . . 112 . Soldanella alpina . . . . 112 . Leontodon hispidus . . . . 62 . Bryophytes & Lichens (E0) Cladonia pyxidata s. l. 903 . . 22 . 82 Physconia muscigena 802 . . 22 . 42 Encalypta alpina 502 72 . . . 273 Myurella julacea 502 212 . 32 . 142 Rhytidium rugosum 303 212 . 102 . 402 Hypnum vaucheri 403 212 . . . 72 Cetraria aculeata et muricata 302 142 . . . . Stegonia latifolia 203 362 . . . 82 Hypnum cupressiforme 202 142 . . . 122 Mycobilimbia lobulata 502 . . . . 52 Ctenidium procerrimum 402 . . . . 323 Caloplaca ammiospila 402 . . . . 142 Fulgensia bracteata 402 . . . . 102 Psora decipiens 402 . . . . 42 Ochrolechia upsaliensis 402 . . . . 22 Entodon concinnus 302 . . . . 252 Schistidium apocarpum 302 . . . . 192 Squamarina gypsacea 304 . . . . 182 Mnium thomsonii 302 . . . . 182 Plagiochila porelloides 302 . . . . 112 Distichium inclinatum 302 . . . . 52 Hypnum revolutum 302 . . 22 . 12 Campylium stellatum 202 . . . . 322 Megaspora verrucosa 202 . . . . 202 Lecanora epibryon 202 . . . . 142 Pseudevernia furfuracea 203 . . . . 42 Ctenidium molluscum 102 . . . . 432 Cladonia *pocillum 103 . . . . 52 Grimmia funalis 203 . . . . . Plagiochila asplenioides . 432 . . . 42 Desmatodon latifolius . 432 . . . 12 Polytrichum juniperinum . 362 . 22 . 12 Distichium capillaceum . 292 . 52 . 372 50 ANTON PETRÍK, JOZEF ŠIBÍK, MILAN VALACHOVIČ: THE CLASS CARICI RUPESTRIS-KOBRESIETEA BELLARDII OHBA 1974 ALSO IN THE W. CARPATHIANS Community ABCDE F Polytrichum piliferum .292. . . . Tortula ruralis .292. . . . Thuidium delicatulum .212. . .11 Racomitrium lanuginosum . .312. .133 Pleurozium schreberi . .312. . 52 Dicranum scoparium . .312. . 32 Hypnum bambergeri . . . . .323 Orthothecium rufescens . . . . .272 Solorina bispora . . . . .182 Cirriphyllum cirrosum . . . . .152 Didymodon giganteus . . . . .153 Explanations: Campanula polymorpha Witasek Doronicum carpaticum (Griseb. & Schenk) Nyman Thymus serpyllum L. subsp. parviflorus (Opiz ex Heinr.Braun) Lyka Trifolium repens subsp. ochranthum (K.Maly)Nyar. Sources to Table 2: A: Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (Western Carpathians): 9 – Petrík (Tab. 1, rels. 1–9, Belianske Tatry Mts), 1 – Petrík & Šibík (Tab. 1, rel. 10, Belianske Tatry Mts); B: Oxytropido carpaticae-Elynetum (Southern Carpathians): 14 – Puscaru 1956 (Tab. 24, rels. 1–14, Bucegi Mts); C: Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum (Eastern Carpathians): 8 – Coldea 1990 (p. 79, rels. 1–8, Rodna Mts), 5 – Malinovskij & Kricsfalusy 2002 (p. 84, rels. 1–5, Bliznitsa Mts); D: Elynetum myosuroides (Eastern Alps): 58 – Albrecht 1969 (Tab. 3, rels. 43–58, 60–70, 79–109); E: Elynetum myosuroides (Southern Alps): 18 – Oriolo 2001 (Tab. 2, rels 1–18); F: Arenario tenellae-Caricetum firmae (Western Carpathians): 1 – Braun-Blanquet 1930 (p. 25, Belianske Tatry Mts), 18 – Dúbravcová & al. 1980 (Tab. 1, rels. 1–18, Západné Tatry Mts), 10 – Hadač & al. 1969 (pp. 63–64, rels. 136, 214, 218, 231, 240, and pp. 58–59, rels. 24, 149, 150, 153, 154, Belianske Tatry Mts), 7 – Pawłowski 1935 (Tab. 2, rels. 1–4, 6–8, Belianske Tatry Mts); 10 – Pawłowski & Stecki 1927 (Tab. 2, rels. 7–9, 13–17, Západné Tatry Mts, and Tab. 2., rels. 21, 22, Belianske Tatry Mts), 6 – Šmarda & al. 1971 (Tab. 2, rels. 1–6, Belianske Tatry Mts), 10 – Unar & al. 1984 (Tab. 15, rels. 1–10, Západné Tatry Mts), 5 – Valachovič ined., Belianske Tatry Mts, and 115 – Petrík ined., Západné Tatry Mts (18), Vysoké Tatry Mts (3), Belianske Tatry Mts (94), see also Tab. 1 in Šibík & al. 2004. 51