PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES ON MIXED GEOLOGICAL BEDROCK IN WESTERN SLOVENIA
FITOCENOLOŠKA ANALIZA MONTANSKIH BUKOVIH GOZDOV NA STRMIH OSOJNIH POBOČJIH NA MEŠANI GEOLOŠKI PODLAGI V ZAHODNI SLOVENIJI
Igor Dakskobler1
ABSTRACT
Phytosociological analysis of montane beech forests on steep shady slopes on mixed geological bedrock in western Slovenia
We have conducted phytosociological research into beech forests in western Slovenia that occur on steep shady slopes on dolomite or limestone with a frequent admixture of silicate. We classified the stands on dolomite and partly on platy limestone into the association Arunco-Fagetum and described many of its new subassociations (-caricetosum ferruginei, -vincetosum minoris, -tilietosum). In terms of phytogeography they belong to the geographical variant var. geogr. Anemone trifolia and to two new geographical subvariants: subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna and subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium. Beech stands on very steep shady slopes in the montane belt of the southern Julian Alps (from 500 m do 1400 m a.s.l.), which occur on sites characterised by an admixture of chert, marlstone and (or) claystone on calcareous bedrock and shallow, stony and slightly acid soil are because of significant floristic differences classified into a new, intrazonal association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fa-getum (alliance Aremonio-Fagion), dependent on land configuration and edaphic conditions. We described the following subassociations: -typicum, -fraxinetosum orni, -rhodo-dendretosum hirsuti,-aruncetosum and -gymnocarpieto-sum dryopteridis. In terms of floristic composition the new association most resembles some forms of the associations Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum and Rhododendro hisuti--Fagetum.
Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, phytogeography, Arunco-Fagetum, Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fage-tum, Aremonio-Fagion, Julian Alps, Trnovski Gozd plateau, Slovenia
IZVLEČEK
Fitocenološka analiza montanskih bukovih gozdov na strmih osojnih pobočjih na mešani geološki podlagi v zahodni Sloveniji
V zahodni Sloveniji smo fitocenološko preučili bukove gozdove, ki uspevajo na strmih osojnih pobočjih na dolomitu ali apnencu s pogosto silikatno primesjo. Sestoje na dolomitu in deloma ploščastem apnencu smo uvrstili v asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum in opisali več njenih novih sub-asociacij (-caricetosum ferruginei, -vincetosum minoris, -tilietosum). V fitogeografskem smislu pripadajo geografski varianti var. geogr. Anemone trifolia in dvema novima geografskima subvariantama: subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna in subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium. V to asociacijo zaradi prevelikih florističnih razlik nismo mogli uvrstiti sestojev na zelo strmih osojnih pobočjih v montan-skem pasu južnih Julijskih Alp (od 500 m do 1400 m nm. v.). Zanje je značilna primes roženca, laporovca in (ali) glinavca v karbonatni geološki podlagi in plitva, kamnita in nekoliko zakisana tla. Zato jih uvrščamo v novo edafsko in reliefno pogojeno intraconalno asociacijo Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fa-getum iz zveze Aremonio-Fagion.Opisali smo naslednje njene subasociacije: -typicum, -fraxinetosum orni, -rhodo-dendretosum hirsuti,-aruncetosum in -gymnocarpieto-sum dryopteridis. Po floristični sestavi so novi asociaciji najbolj podobne nekatere oblike asociacij Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum in Rhododendro hisuti-Fagetum.
Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsitematika, fitogeo-grafija, Arunco-Fagetum, Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, Aremonio-Fagion, Julijske Alpe, Trnovski gozd, Slovenija
1 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin and Biotechnical Faculty of the University in Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si
FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1, 5-104, LJUBLJANA 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
1 INTRODUCTION
Beech forests on step shady dolomite slopes with shallow soil (rendzina) in the northwestern part of the Il-lyrian floral province (Marinček 1995) are classified into the association Arunco-Fagetum (Košir 1962, 1979, Accetto 2007). Košir (1979) and Accetto (2007, 2015) published analytical tables for this association, but descriptions of its species composition, stand structure and ecological conditions are available also in other publications (Marinček 1987: 118-119, Košir 2010: 174-177). Its sites are marked within many polygons on two synoptic vegetation maps of Slovenia (Čarni et al. 2002, Košir et al. 2003) as well as on larger scale maps (Marinček et al. 2003, 2006), mainly in the Alpine, pre-Alpine, Dinaric and pre-Dinaric phy-togeographical regions. They have also been mapped in western Slovenia, in the Upper Soča Valley, in the Cerkno and the Idrija region. Our inventory of beech stands on steep shady dolomite and limestone slopes began in 1983 in the Cerkno region. They were found
and inventoried in large areas in the Bača Valley (1986-1990) and later in the vicinity of Tolmin and the Zadlaščica valley; they were found to be less frequent in the Kobarid region and very rare in the Bovec area, but more frequent in the valleys of the Idrijca and Trebušica. In comparison with sites in other parts of Slovenia the sites in the Upper Soča Valley are clearly different in terms of geological bedrock and consequently also in terms of soil conditions. Dolomite is usually mixed with chert; in some places the geological bedrock consists of platy limestone mixed with chert, marlstone and (or) claystone. Admixture of silicate is reflected in skeleton, depth and acidity of the soil and in turn in the species composition. In nearly 30 years we have made more than 200 relevés. By processing them we will try to answer the question of whether the studied beech forests on mixed calcareous-silicate rocks can still be classified within the association Arunco-Fagetum.
2 METHODS
Relevés of beech forests were made according to the standard Central-European phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) and entered into the FloVeg-Si database (Seliskar & al. 2003). Combined cover-abundance values were transformed into ordinal values 1- 9 (van der Maarel 1979). Numerical comparisons were conducted with the software package SYNTAX (Podani 2001). Relevés were arranged into analytic tables based on hierarchical classification. We used the (unweighted) "average linkage" method -UPGMA. Comparison of communities in the synthetic table was made with both the UPGMA method and with the "incremental sum of squares" (MISSQ) method and Wishart's similarity ratio was applied in both. The columns in the synthetic table were compared also with the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and Wishart's coefficient as the similarity ratio as well as with the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) method with Goodman-Kruskal'S y coefficient. As not all of the authors keep moss species in their tables we only considered vascular plants in these comparisons. Results of numerical methods were combined with classic arrangement based on diagnostic species. The nomenclature source for the names of vascular plants is Martincic & al. (2007), Martincic (2003, 2011) for the names of mosses, and Suppan, Prùgger & Mayrhofer (2000) for the names of li-
chens. Marinček et al. (1993), is nomenclature source for the names of syntaxa from the alliance Aremonio--Fagion and Šilc & Čarni (2012) for the names of other syntaxa, except for the name of the class Querco--Fagetea Braun-Blanquet et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937. Urbančič et al. (2005) is the source for the nomenclature of soil types.
2.1 Short ecological description of the study area
The Upper Soča Valley is a part of the southern or southwestern Julian Alps. Its geological bedrock is extremely diverse (Buser 1986, 1987), especially in the valleys of the Tolminka, Zadlaščica, Knežica and Bača. The bedrock in these valleys is dominated by Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous layers, especially by Bača dolomite with cherts and platy limestone mixed with cherts, marlstone and claystone. The Idrijca and Trebušica Valleys also have diverse geological bedrock (Mlakar & Čar 2009, Čar 2010), but Triassic dolomite there is not usually mixed with chert. The climate is moist, with mean annual precipitation exceeding 2000 mm (B. Zupančič, 1998); it is relatively warm, with the mean annual temperature of 6°C - 10°C (Ce-gnar 1998). We inventoried the shady slopes that have
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a considerably colder local climate than the average. Forests in the study area have been managed under forest management plans for a very long time (Perko et al. 2014). Their structure and quality today are large-
ly the result of heavy cutting and charcoal production in the first third of the 20 th century. In late winter 2014 large areas of these forests were heavily affected by sleet.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Numerical comparison and assessment of diagnostic species
Phytosociological relevés of beech forests on steep shady dolomite and limestone slopes in the Upper Soča Valley, on the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd plateau and in the Cerkno and Idrija Hills were arranged based on the results of hierarchical classification into several analytic tables (1 to 10). Most of them were mutually compared with relevé material from similar forest communities (Arunco-Fagetum, Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum, Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum) in western and partly also southeastern Slovenia. The synthetic table (Table 11) comprises 18 columns. The compared syntaxa grouped as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. The results point to the following conclusions.
The larger group of relevés that were arranged into two vegetation tables (1 and 2, see also columns 5 and 6 in Table 11) can, according to their floristic composition, undoubtedly still be classified into the association Arunco-Fagetum. Other relevés are more similar to the relevés of the associations Homogyno sylvestris-Fage-tum and Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum, which we studied in western Slovenia and published the results several years ago (Dakskobler 2002, 2003). If the comparison includes also the analysis of diagnostic species (Table 12) and the analysis of percentages by groups of diagnostic species (Table 13) we find that in all compared beech forests there are very few species associated with only one vegetation type. Having conducted these comparisons we classify into the association Arunco-Fagetum in western Slovenia the beech stands in the (sub)montane belt (200 to 1000 m a.s.l.) on shady dolomite slopes on the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd plateau, in the Idrija and Cerkno Hills as well as some beech stands on similar slopes and elevation in the southern Julian Alps with their foothills, where the geological bedrock is frequently dolomite with chert, in places also platy limestone with chert.
The stands in the montane-altimontane belt on mixed geological bedrock (dolomite with chert, marlstone or claystone, platy limestone with chert, marlstone or claystone) are floristically very different. Some
of them were mapped as the association Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum already around 1990 (the map was published much later, Dakskobler 2007a), while others were marked on field maps and in the database under the provisional names Calamagrostio-Fagetum and Saxífrago cuneifolii-Fagetum. Since 1993 (Marin-cek et al. 1993) the association Homogyno sylvestris--Fagetum comprises the pre-Alpine fir-beech community that had previously been known as Abieti-Fage-tum prealpinum.This community is distributed in the larger part of northern Slovenia on calcareous and mixed calcareous-silicate bedrock (Marincek & Carni 2007). The species composition of its geographical variant from the Kneza, Zadlascica and Tolminka valleys (Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesle-ria autumnalis) is in fact very similar to the species composition of some forms of the studied communities, which is partly attributed to the same distribution area. This similarity would be much smaller if the comparison included other geographical variants of the association Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum. The principal diagnostic species of this community is silver fir (Abies alba), which is very rare in our relevés; it occurs only individually and mainly in the shrub layer. This could be partly attributed to the past management practice and degradation processes. In this fir-beech community it is Adenostyles glabra and Homo-gyne sylvestris that have a higher frequency and median cover. The beech stands that are more indicative of a floristic similarity with fir-beech forests were grouped in Tables 6 and 10 (see also columns 8 and 9 in Table 11) and we allow for the possibility for them to be classified also into the association Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum. Phytocoenoses in Tables 7 and 9 (see also columns 10, 11 and 12 in Table 11) on the other hand are floristically well differentiated from pre-Alpine fir-beech forests. Some of the studied stands (Table 8, relevés 1-8, see also column 13 in Table 11) are, in terms of species composition, slightly similar also to the stands of the association Rhododendro hir-suti-Fagetum.These usually occur on even more extreme sites and have a physiognomy of a subalpine beech forest with abundant hairy alpenrose (Rhododendron hirsutum) in the undergrowth. In our stands,
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hairy alpenrose occurs only individually and therefore serves merely as a differential species of the subassociation.
The special type of beech forest from the alliance Aremonio-Fagion in Tables 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, which is associated with special edaphic factors and land configuration, is therefore classified into the new association Saxifrago cuneifolii-FagetumThe stands of this association are characterised by dominating Calama-grostis arundinacea and the occurrence of frigophilous and acidophilous species, especially character species of spruce forests that grow together with thermophil-ous species from the order Quercetalia pubescenti-pe-traeae and class Trifolio-Geranietea, as well as with the species of dry and subalpine grasslands, screes and rock crevices in the herb layer. With regard to the dominant species in the herb layer these stands could also be classified into the association Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Fagetum Cerovecki 2009, which Cerovecki (2009) described in the altimontane belt of western Croatia, on calcareous bedrock and shallow soil. This name is a subsequent homonym, because the
same name was used to describe the association Cala-magrostio arundinaceae-Fagetum Sykora 1972 (Sykora 1972, Boublîk et al. 2007) that had validly been described before, in the Carpathians. The stands of the Carpathian association as well as the stands of the association Calamagriostidi (Abieti)-Fagetum (for which Hartmann & Jahn (1967) published a table based on Hartmann's relevés from Central-European mountain ranges north of the Alps) are considerably different from our relevés. We have established a certain similarity with the relevés published by Cerovecki (ibid.). Common to both associations are some species from the alliance Aremonio-Fagion, order Fagetalia sylvatica and classes Erico-Pinetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea and Mul-gedio-Aconitetea. The stands of both compared syn-taxa comprise some of the species that characterise cold, stony, slightly acid sites, such as Calamagrostis arundinacea, Veronica urticifolia, Adenostyles glabra and Homogyne sylvestris. The association Saxifrago cu-neifolii-Fagetum is differentiated against the association Calamagrostio-Fagetum sensu Cerovecki by several diagnostic species: Tanacetum corymbosum, Lu-
Figure 1: Dendrogram of (sub)montane-altimontane beech and fir-beech forests of western and southeastern Slovenia (UPGMA, similarity ratio)
Slika 1: Dendrogram (sub)montansko-altimontanskih bukovih in jelovo-bukovih gozdov zahodne in jugovzhodne Slovenije (UPGMA, similarity ratio)
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Figure 2: Dendrogram of (sub)montane-altimontane beech and fir-beech forests of western and southeastern Slovenia (MISSQ, similarity ratio)
Slika 2: Dendrogram (sub)montansko-altimontanskih bukovih in jelovo-bukovih gozdov zahodne in jugovzhodne Slovenije (MISSQ, similarity ratio)
0,4:			RpFty
0,35:			
0,3:			
0,25: 0,2: 0,15: <n 0,1: CO .	ScFpc ■	ScFluz ■	ScFar ■ RpFho ■
I 0,05: 0:	ScFfo ■ ■ HoFty „ „ , ScFca ScFrh ■ ■		AlFtil ■
-0,05:			ArFov ■
-0,1: -0,15:	RF-Sa HoFrh ■ ■ RF-At ■		ArF ■
-0,2: -0,25:			ArFao ■
	-0,3 -0,2 -0,1	i I i 0 Axis 1	0,1 0,2
Figure 3: Two-dimensional scatter diagram of (sub)montane-alti-montane beech and fir-beech forests of western and southeastern Slovenia (PCoA, similarity ratio)
Slika 3: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram (sub)montansko-altimon-tanskih bukovih in jelovo-bukovih gozdov zahodne in jugovzhodne Slovenije (PCoA, similarity ratio)
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	0,3:	ArFtil ■	ArFov	ArF ArFao ■ ■
	0,25:		■	
	-			ArFty
	0,2:			■
				ArFho
	0,15:			■
	0,1:			
			ScFar	
			■	
<N	0,05:		ScFluz ■	RpFty RpFho ■
Cfl •1-H *	0:			
<	-0,05:		HoFty	
			' ScFfo	
	-0,1:		■	
	-0,15:	HoFrh ■		
	-0,2:		ScFca	
				■
	-	RF-Sa		ScFpc ■
	-0,25:	■	ScFrh ■	
	■	RF-At		
	-0,3 :	■		
		1 i i -0,2	i 1 i i i 1 i -0,1 0	i i 1 i i i 1 0,1 0,2
			Axis 1	
Figure 4: Two-dimensional scatter diagram of (sub)montane-altimontane beech and fir-beech forests of western and southeastern Slovenia (NMDS, Goodman-Kruskal's y) Slika 4: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram (sub)montansko-altimontanskih bukovih in jelovo-bukovih gozdov zahodne in jugovzhodne Slovenije (NMDS, Goodman-Kruskal's y)
Legend to Figures 1-4:
ArFov Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna, this article, Table 1;
ArFtil Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia tilietosum, this article, Table 2;
ArF Arunco-Fagetum, Dolenjska, this article, Table 4;
ScFar Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum, this article, Table 6;
ScFluz Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum gymnocarpietosum dryopteridis, this article, Table 10, columns 1-12;
ScFfo Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni, this article, Table 9;
ScFca Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum var. Calamagrostis varia, this article, Table 7, relevés 1-18;
ScFpc Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum var. Primula columnae, this article, Table 7, relevés 19-26;
ScFrh Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum rhododendretosum hirsuti, this article, Table 8, relevés 1-8.
ArFty Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr Ruscus hypoglossum typicum, Košir 1979, Table 8, columns 1-18;
ArFho Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Ruscus hypoglossum homogynetosum sylvestris, Košir (1979, Table 8, columns 19-26);
ArFao Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Acer obtusatum, Accetto (2007, Table 1);
HoFty Homogynos sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis typicum, Dakskobler (2002, Phytosocio-logical table 2, relevés 1-31);
RF-At Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium forma Pinus mugo, Dakskobler (2003, Phytosociological table 3);
RF-Sa Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium forma Sesleria autumnalis, Dakskobler (2003, Phytosociological table 4);
HoFrh Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis rhododendretosum hirsuti, Dakskobler (2002, Phytosociological table 1);
RpFho Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum var. geogr. typica homogynetosum sylvestris, Marinček & Čarni (2010), Table 14, relevés 1-10);
RpFty Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum var. geogr. typica typicum, Marinček & Čarni (2010, Table 1, relevés 1-12);
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zula luzuloides, Saxífraga cuneifolia and Huperzia selago; phytogeographical differential species: Aconitum angustifolium, Larix decidua, Anemone trifolia,Carduus crassifolius; some thermophilous species: Sesleria autu-mnalis, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Melittis melissophyllum, Arabis turrita, as well as by chasmo-phytic species and species of subalpine grasslands: Asplenium viride, Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria, Betonica alopecuros, Laserpitium peucedanoides. The species that differentiate the association Calamagrostio--Fagetum sensu Cerovecki against the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum include Calamintha grandiflora, Ribes petraeum and Rosa pimpinellifolia. The differences are confirmed also by the calculation of floristic similarity according to S0rensen (1948). Flo-ristic similarity between the syntaxa Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Fagetum sensu Cerovecki and Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum is only 43 %, which means they cannot be classified into the same association.
In addition to identifying the stands that indicate a contact or similarity between associations Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum and Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum (Table 10), and the stands that indicate a contact or
similarity between the stands of associations Rhodo-dendro hirsuti-Fagetum and Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fage-tum (Table 8), we joined in Table 6 (see also column 8 in Table 11) the relevés that are, according to numerical comparisons, floristically more or less similar to the relevés of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum and to the relevés of the association Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum, but are, on account of the abundance of diagnostic species of the association Arunco-Fagetum, treated as a special subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii--Fagetum aruncetosum.
3.2 Overview of the newly described syntax
The determined syntaxa are described below with consideration of the above-mentioned reservations.
Class: Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 Order: Fagetalia sylvaticae Walas 1933 Alliance: Aremonio-Fagion (Ht. 1938) Borhidi in Török, Podani & Borhidi 1989 Association: Arunco-Fagetum Kosir 1962
Figure 5: Distribution of the association Arunco-Fagetum in the Soča Valley Slika 5: Razširjenost asociacije Arunco-Fagetum v Posočju
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- anemonetosum trifoliae prov. var. Cardamine pentaphyllos var. Gymnocarpium robertianum
-	caricetosum ferrugineae subss. nov.
-	vincetosum minoris subass. nov.
-	tilietosum subass. nov.
var. Luzula nivea var. Hacquetia epipactis
Association: Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum ass. nov. -typicum subass. nov.
var. Calamagrostis varia var. Primula columnae -fraxinetosum orni subass. nov. -aruncetosum dioicae subass. nov. var. Veratrum album var. Hedera helix
Figure 6: Approximate localities of relevés of the association Arunco-Fagetum in western Slovenia Slika 6: Približna lokacija popisov asociacije Arunco-Fagetum v zahodni Sloveniji
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-gymnocarpietosum dryopteridis subass. nov. -rhododendretosum hirsuti subass. nov. -caricetosum albae prov. -caricetosum humilis prov. The division of the new forms of the association Arun-co-Fagetum in terms of phytogeography is as follows: Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Anemone trifo-lia Košir ex Dakskobler var. geogr. nov.
subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna subvar. geogr. nov.
subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium subvar. geogr. nov.
3.3 Association Arunco-Fagetum in the Soča Valley
3.31 Phytogeographical division of the association Arunco-Fagetum in Slovenia
Approximate localities of relevés of the association Arunco-Fagetum in the Soča Valley are presented in Figures 5 and 6. These relevés were arranged in three tables (Tables 1, 2 and 3). Several relevés from other parts of Slovenia were arranged in Tables 4 and 5.
The association Arunco-Fagetum from the Soča Valley is classified into the geographical variant var. geogr. Anemone trifolia var. geogr. nova that was first decribed by Košir (1979: 164), but only with a few sentences and without supporting tabular material. The nomenclature type (holotypus) of the new geographical variant is relevé No. 24 in Table 2. This is also the holo-type of the new geographical subvariant, subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium subvar. geogr. nov. that comprises the relevés from both the southern and western foothills of the Julian Alps. We also described a new geographical subvariant, subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna subvar. geogr. nov. Its nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé No. 18 in Table 1. Its stands dominate on the slopes above the Idrijca and Trebušica valleys, at the contact of the pre-Alpine and Dinaric phytogeo-graphical regions. The stands of the association Arun-co-Fagetum are distributed also in other parts of the pre-Alpine region of Slovenia, so the geographical variant Anemone trifolia is likely to comprise other geographical subvariants. Stands of this geographical variant may occur also in the Sava Valley. Relevé No. 1 in Table 4, which was made on the slopes of Kum, could be classified either within this variant or into a special geographical subvariant var. geogr. Ruscus hypoglossum Košir 1979 subvar. geogr. Anemone trifolia prov. The stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum may also be occurring in the sub-Pannonian region of
Slovenia. Table 5 comprises three relevés from the shady slopes of Donačka Gora, whose ecology and in part also species composition indicate a certain similarity with the stands of the association Arunco-Fage-tum. These relevés stood out from all other compared relevés with their entire floristic composition and grouped into a completely separate cluster. They stand out also in terms of geological bedrock, which is quartz conglomerate. The slopes are very steep. The stand structure and relief conditions are very similar to those in the stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum. These three relevés are temporarily classified into the new geographical variant Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Hie-racium rotundatum. Its nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé No. 1 in Table 5. Phytogeographical differential species include Poa stiriaca, Sesleria sadlerana and Galium sylvaticum. Cimperšek (2004: 441) classifies such stands on Donačka Gora into the syntaxon Lamio orvalae-Fagetum var. geogr. Dentaria polyphylla luna-rietosum redivivae var. Festuca altissima subvar. Arun-cus dioicus and mentions their physiognomic, floristic and ecological similarity with the stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum. Marinček and Marinšek (in litt.) classified these stands into the association Festuco drymejae-Fagetum.
The existing phytogeographical division of the association Arunco-Fagetum is therefore as follows: Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Ruscus hypoglossum Košir 1979 (Dolenjska/Lower Carniola) Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Acer obtusatum Accetto 2007 (Upper Kolpa Valley) Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Calamintha grandiflora Accetto 2015 (Iški vintgar) Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Anemone trifo-lia Košir ex Dakskobler 2015 (Alpine, pre-Alpine and partly Dinaric region of Slovenia)
subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna (the Idrijca Valley with its tributaries Trebušica, Belca) subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium (Upper Soča Valley)
Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Hieracium ro-tundatum (Donačka Gora)
3.32 Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar geogr. Omphalodes verna (Table 1)
The stands of this geographical subvariant were recorded mainly on the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd plateau above the Trebušica and Belca valleys, in the gorges between Vojsko and Trebuša, in the Idrija and Cerkno Hills. The elevation of the relevés ranges between 200 and 1000 m; the predominantly dolomite geological bedrock is sporadically mixed with chert or
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marlstone and the soil is mainly rendzina. Slopes range between 25° and 45°; the aspect is mainly shady, only occasionally sunny (southwestern). The diagnostic species of the association as selected by Košir (1962, 1979) are represented in different proportions in our relevés. The only relatively frequent character species in the relevés of this geographical subvariant are Arun-cus dioicus and Helleborus niger, but their abundance is far below that in the sample plots from the region where this association was originally described. Arun-cus dioicus is definitely not a species that would specifically characterise these stands or stand out in any way, and the same applies to most of the herb species that give their name beech associations from the alliance Aremonio-Fagion. The differential species Carda-mine enneaphyllos and Mercurialis perennis are generally distributed in Illyrian beech forests and are not presented separately in the tables. The same can be said for Prenanthes purpurea, which we kept in the diagnostic combination. Based on the comparative table (Tables 11, 12) we additionally classified Tamus communis and Veratrum nigrum as differential species of the association Arunco-Fagetum. Both these species are otherwise more characteristic for stands of the association Ostryo-Fagetum and well-characterise forests on dolomite bedrock and shallow soil. Geographical differential specis are Anemone trifolia, Omphalodes verna, Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum, Tephrose-ris longifolia, Rhamnus fallax, Scopolia carniolica, Po-tentilla carniolica and Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus. Anemone trifolia characterises mainly beech forests in the pre-Alpine-Alpine part of Slovenia. Omphalodes verna is most frequent in beech forests of the Dinaric part of Slovenia. The taxon Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum is frequent in the Idrijca and Trebuša valleys and in the Trnovski Gozd plateau, but is not known in the Bača Valley and in valleys to the north of Tolmin. Rhamnus fallax, Scopolia carniolica and Tephroseris longifolia have a predominantly eastern-Alpine-Illyrian distribution. The northernmost sites of Potentilla carniolica in the Soča Valley are (beside newly discovered locality in Trenta - Trnkoczy, mscr.) in the valley of the Idrijca at Slap ob Idrijci. Its distribution is Dinaric (Čušin & Dakskobler 2001: 77). The taxon Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus is frequent in beech forests in the Soča Valley (Dakskobler 1991: 20). The listed species well characterise the geographical area between Most na Soči, Cerkno, Idrija and Gorenja Trebuša.
Two subassociations are distinguished. The relevés of the subassociation -caricetosum ferruginei were made on the slopes above Črna Draga above the valley of the Belca in Zgornja Idrijca Landscape Park and in
Mali Govci above the headwaters of the Trebusica. The differential species of the subassociation are Laburnum alpinum, Carexferruginea and Adenostylesglabra. These three species characterise beech forests in the montane belt, at elevations between 800 m and 1000 m, in areas otherwise dominated by fir-beech forest (Omphalodo-Fagetum s. lat.). Surina (2002) and Surina & Dakskobler (2013) classified similar beech stands into the syntaxon Omphalodo-Fagetum var. geogr. Saxifraga cuneifolia calamagrostietosum variae. We allow for the possibility that the absence of fir, or its expressly insignificant occurrence (individual specimens within different stand layers), are partly associated with past management. In any case, stands of this subassociation indicate a contact between the associations Arunco-Fagetum and Omphalodo-Fagetum. The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the new subassociation Arunco-Fagetum caricetosum ferruginei is relevé No. 7 in Table 1.
Relevés of the subassociation -vincetosum minoris were made mainly in the Cerkno Hills and in the Trebusa Valley, where we made several relevés also in Govci on the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd plateau. The elevation is slightly lower with most relevés made at between 500 m and 600 m and quite a few made even lower, in the submontane belt. The differential species of the subassociation are Vinca minor, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Vincetoxicum hi-rundinaria, Veratrum nigrum (diagnostic species for the association) and Campanula rapunculoides. The differential species indicate relatively favourable thermal conditions that allow for forest growth despite the steep slopes and a shady aspect. The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the new subassociation is relevé No. 18 in Table 1.
3.33 Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia sub-var geogr. Aconitum angustifolium (Table 2)
Localities of the stands of this geographical subvariant are mainly in the vicinity of Tolmin (Bucenica, Kozlov Rob, Godica), some ot the relevés are from the lower part of the Idrijca Valley, i.e. from the slopes of lateral ravines in the valley; many of the relevés come from the steep slopes of Mts. Matajur and Mija above the Nadiza gorge. One relevé is from the shady slopes of the Stol ridge above Srpenica in the Bovec region and one from the Cepovan Valley. The diagnostic species of the association, especially Helleborus niger, are relatively rare. This is probably because the geological bedrock is frequently platy limestone with chert or Baca dolomite with chert. On such bedrock, Hellebo-rus niger occurs much more rarely than on pure dolo-
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mite or on dolomitised limestone. Geographical differential species Anemone trifolia, Geranium nodosum, Sesleria autumnalis, Luzula nivea, Aconitum angustifo-lium, Tephroseris pseudocrispa and Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus very well characterise forests in the wider vicinity of Tolmin, i.e. in that part of the Upper Soča Valley where the sub-Mediterranean influence is still reflected in both the climate and vegetation. The stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum are very rare in the more Alpine part of the Upper Soča Valley (Bovec region) and are replaced by different forms of the association Anemono trifoliae-Fagetum. Similar applies to other regions of the Slovenian Alps (Košir 1979: 164).
The stands of this geographical subvariant were divided into two subassociations. All relevés in Table No. 2 are classified into the new subassociation Arun-co-Fagetum tilietosum. Its differential species are Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos and Phillitis scolopendrium. The listed species indicate relatively moist, stony sites and slightly colluvial soil; indirectly they also indicate geological bedrock that is not characteristic for the association Arunco-Fagetum, namely platy limestone
with cherts. Freqeuntly occuring in this part of the Upper Soča Valley, on talus slopes and rockfall at the foot of shady slopes, are lime stands classified into the associations Saxifrago petraeae-Tilietum and Veratro nigri-Fraxinetum (Dakskobler 2007b), and at least in some places these lime stands are in contact also with the stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum. The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the new subassociation Arunco-Fagetum tilietosum is relevé No. 24 in Table 2. Two variants are distinguished. The variant Luzula nivea, whose differential species include Cardamine pentaphyllos, Moehringia muscosa and Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, characterises the sites where the geological bedrock predominantly consists of limestone with chert. Stoniness is considerable and the soil in places more developed - brown rendzina with transitions to chromic cambisol. The dominant stands are those at slightly higher elevations and in a slightly colder climate. The stands of this variant indicate a certain flo-ristic similarity with the stands of the geographical subvariant Lamio orvalae-Fagetum var. geogr. Dentaria pentaphyllos subvar. geogr. Luzula nivea. Stands of the variant with Hacquetia epipactis and other differ-
Figure 7: Known distribution of the association Saxifrago cuniefolii-Fagetum Slika 7: Zdaj znana razširjenost asociacije Saxifrago cuniefolii-Fagetum
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ential species such as Allium ursinum, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Pulmonaria officinalis and Ruscus acu-leatus dominate at lower elevations, in the submontane belt, in a slightly warmer climate, on dolomite with chert, on less stony and relatively fresh soil. The differential species of the variant indicate a certain similarity or contact with the stands of the syntaxon Ha-cquetio-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia.
In Table 3 we collected the relevés that grouped separately from all other relevés of the association Arunco-Fagetum in the numerical comparison; these relevés are quite special and differ also from each other. They were made in different parts of the Soča Valley. Relevés Nos. 1 to 10 are temporarily classified into the provisional subassociation Arunco-Fagetum anemonetosum trifoliae prov. Two variants are distinguished. Var. Cardamine pentaphyllos with differential subspecies Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum char-
acterises fresher sites, while the var. Gymnocarpium robertianum (its differential species include Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria, Campanula rapunculoides, Rubus saxatilis, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Luzula nivea, Aconitum angustifolium and Vinca minor) indicates more initial, shallow and skeletal soil. In two relevés at the foot of Mt. Mija we recorded also Epimedium alpinum. For the time being, relevés Nos. 11 to 13 in Table 3 remain indeterminate in terms of their syn-taxonomical status. Relevé No. 12 shows considerable similarity with the stands of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum that will be presented below.
Figure 8: Approximate localities of relevés of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum Slika 8: Približna lokacija popisov asociacije Saxifrago cuniefolii-Fagetum
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3.4 Description of the new association Saxífrago cuneifolii-Fagetum
3.41 Localities and ecological conditions
Approximate localities of the relevés of the association Saxífrago cuneifolii-Fagetum are shown in Figures 7 and 8. These relevés were arranged in five tables (Tables 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). So far, its stands have been found only in the upper Bača Valley, primarily on the steep slopes of Babji Zob, Šoštar and Kobla above the streams of Linderpoh and Kacenpoh, in Trtnikarski Gozd forest at Šprickovbl Falls above Kacenpoh, under Robar-jev Grič above Batava at Podbrdo, under Mt. Kojca, on the peak of Bizle under Mt. Hohkovbl (Matajurski Vrh) above Rut, under the Jehle- Koblar-Znojilski Vrh ridge above Bideržuna or the Huda Grapa gorge and above the Koritnica valley, on steep slopes under the Čumik-Luken ridge above the Žventarska Grapa gorge at the village of Grant, on steep shady slopes of Jalovnik above the Kneža Gorge (Temna Brda, Temnak above the Mohor homestead), under Tisovec, Krikov Vrh and the mountain pasture Kuk above the headwaters of the
Lipovšček, also in the Kneža (Knežica) basin, and under Vrh nad Sopotom above the Zadlaščica valley. There is also an individual locality in the Kobarid region under the peak Črnik above Drežnica in the Krn Mountains and one in the Bovec region on Strmi Breg on the shady slopes of the Stol ridge above Srpenica. The localities of the stands of this association are largely situated where geologists have mapped layers of Jurassic micrite and calcarenite limestone with chert sheets and subordinate clayey marlstone, as marked by Buser (1986, 1987) on the geological map and in the accompanying explanatory notes. On every relevé, limestone or dolomite is mixed with chert, claystone or marlstone, with chert completely dominating in some places. Mixed geological bedrock is therefore one of the key factors that condition the special (unique) species composition of this association. Another decisive factor is the considerable slope (usually between 30° and 45°) and the third is the predominantly shady aspect. The vertical range of the association is considerable. The lower line of occurrence is at the elevation of around (400) 500 m. The highest elevation at which we found these stands was under Mt. Črna Prst and Mt.
46 47 43 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
Figure 9: Distribution of Saxífraga cuneifolia in Slovenia Slika 9: Razširjenost vrste Saxifraga cuneifolia v Sloveniji
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Hohkovbl (Matajurski Vrh) at nearly 1400 m, but most of the stands are situated at the elevations between 900 m and 1250 m. Whereas the stands at lower elevations always occur on shady slopes, the stands in the alti-montane belt can be situated also on sunny slopes. The soil conditions were not analysed in much detail. The soil is always shallow, skeletal. The dominating soils are rendzina-type soils with transitions to cambisols, in places dystric cambisols. The climate is montane and very humid, with mean annual precipitation exceeding 2000 mm, in places even 3000 mm; due to the predominating shady aspect it is also cold. The forest growth conditions are rather extreme as a result of the slope, stoniness and wind exposure, and the growth of these stands is correspondingly inhibited. Only the stands at lower elevations occasionally have larger growing stocks and better growth rates and beech can reach the heights of more than 25 m. Stands in the alti-montane belt are low, forming clusters or coppice, with the tree height reaching between 15 m and 20 m, sometimes less.
3.42 Species composition, diagnostic species and nomenclature type of the new association
The tree layer is dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica). The most common companion species are Sorbus aria and Laburnum alpinum, in places also Acer pseudopla-tanus, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Sorbus aucuparia, Larix decidua (differential against the association Arunco-Fagetum), rarely Abies alba, and other. The dominating shrubs are Daphne mezere-um, Lonicera alpigena, Rosa pendulina and in places Rubus hirtus.
The most common species in the herb layer include Cyclamen purpurascens, Cardamine enneaphyl-los, Cardamine trifolia, Primula vulgaris, Mercurialis perennis, Prenanthes purpurea, Dryopteris filix-mas, Salvia glutinosa, Symphytum tuberosum, Galium laevi-gatum, Anemone nemorosa, Cirsium erisithales, Solida-go virgaurea, Gentiana asclepiadea, Oxalis acetosella, Homogyne sylvestris, Veronica urticifolia, Calamagro-stis arundinacea, Luzula luzuloides, Hieracium muro-rum, Phyteuma ovatum, Senecio ovatus, Athyrium filix--femina, Adenostyles glabra and some other species.
The moss layer is abundant and can cover more than 20% of the sample plots. The most common species in the moss layer are Ctenidium molluscum, Necke-ra crispa, Polytrichum formosum, Tortella tortuosa, Atrichum undulatum, Isothecium alopecuroides, Met-zgeria furcata and many others. The moss layer has been only partly inventoried and our determination is not always reliable.
The composition of the community by groups of diagnostic species is shown in Table 13, columns 8 to 13. Compared to the stands of the association Arunco--Fagetum its stands comprise considerably fewer meso-philous species characteristic for the alliance Tilio--Acerion and beech species from the alliance Aremo-nio-Fagion, but contain substantially more acidophil-ous species from the class Vaccinio-Piceetea. In comparison with the stands of the association Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum the stands of the new association comprise significantly more species of the order Quer-cetalia pubescenti-petraeae and of the class Elyno-Sesle-rietea, but considerably fewer tall herb species from the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea. The diagnostic species of the new association are Veronica urticifolia, Calama-grostis arundinacea, Luzula luzuloides, Huperzia selago, Saxifraga cuneifolia, Tanacetum corymbosum s. lat. (inc. T. clusii), Campanula witasekiana, Festuca hete-rophylla, Clinopodium vulgare and Carex humilis. Geographical differential species are Anemone trifolia, Aconitum angustifolium, Lathyrus vernus subsp. flacci-dus, Larix decidua and Sesleria autumnalis. The listed species reflect the special ecology of these sites - very steep slopes in the (alti)montane belt, mixed geological bedrock, shallow, but slightly acid soil in the southern Julian Alps. The nomenclature type of the new association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum ass. nov., holotypus, is relevé No. 4 in Table 7. It is classified into the alliance Aremonio-Fagion,order Fagetalia sylvaticae and class Querco-Fagetea. The new association was named after Saxifraga cuneifolia, a southern-European montane species, a character species of the alliance Piceion excelsae and its suballiance Abieti-Piceenion. It usually grows in the montane and subalpine belt on acid, nitrogen-rich soil. It is distributed from the Pyrenees across the Alps to the eastern Carpathians, as well as in the Apennines and in the Dinaric Mountains (Ae-schimann et al. 2004: 692, Accetto 1993, 1995, 2002, 2006, Zupančič & Accetto 1994, Zupančič 1999). Distribution in Slovenia presented according to the data collected in the FloVegSi database (Seliskar et al. 2003) is shown in Figure 9. It is very frequent in the Alpine and pre-Alpine regions of Slovenia, but considerably less frequent in its Dinaric and pre-Dinaric parts. It occurs in many forest communities, especially in beech, fir-beech, spruce and larch communities. It is the most frequent in the stands of the associations Anemono trifoliae-Fagetum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fage-tum, Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum, Polysticho lon-chitis-Fagetum, Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum, Ade-nostylo glabrae-Piceetum,Laburno alpini-Piceetum, Asplenio-Piceetum and Rhodothamno-Laricetum, sometimes it occurs also in the stands of the syntaxa
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Saxífrago petraeae-Tilietum,Veratro nigri-Fraxinetum excelsioris, Arunco-Fagetum, Lamio orvalae-Fagetum, Omphalodo-Fagetum var. geogr. Saxifraga cuneifolia, Tanaceto clusii-Fagetum, Luzulo sylvaticae-Piceetum var. geogr. Luzula nivea, Campanulo justinianae-Picee-tum, Ribeso alpini-Piceetum, Neckero crispae-Campa-nuletum justinianae and several others. It characterises cold stony sites with moder rendzina or acid soil reaction in the montane belt and with its ecology it is a very suitable species to describe the sites of the new association.
3.43 Lower syntaxonomic units of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum
Most of the relevés of the stands of the subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum were made on the steep slopes above the valley of the Kneza or its right tributary Lipovscek, and only two relevés were made on the slopes above the Baca Valley at Hudajuzna or Zakojca. Most of the relevés are from the montane belt and were made at elevations of between 600 m and 1200 m, the geological bedrock is mainly dolomite with chert. Except for Carex humilis and Campanula witasekiana the diagnostic species of the association are relatively frequent. Also present are the geographical differential species Anemone trifolia, Sesleria autu-mnalis, Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus and Aconitum angustifolium. Differential species of the subassociation are Festuca altissima, Aruncus dioicus, Veratrum nigrum and Laserpitium krapfii s. str. The latter is an Illyrian-Carpathian taxon and a character species of the association Arunco-Fagetum. The northern border of its distribution area and its only localities in the Alps are in the slopes above the gorges of the Lipovscek and the Zadlascica and above the Baca Valley. The subspecies L. krapfii subsp. gaudinii occurs elsewhere in the Alps (Aeschimann et al. 2004: 1144, Bacic et al. 2015). The listed species indicate a similarity with the stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum. Based on diagnostic species it could also be classified into this association. In terms of their floristic composition these stands are very similar to the stands of the syn-taxon Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis typicum, which is one of the forms of preAlpine fir-beech forests described in the same area. At present, these stands cannot be classified within this syntaxon as the fir very rarely occurs within them and even then only with individual specimens. With the name of the subassociation and by selecting their differential species we demonstrated the contact or similarity with the stands of another two associations, Arunco-Fagetum and Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum.
The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the new subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum di-oici is relevé No. 3 in Table 6. Two variants are distinguished. The variant with Veratrum album characterises forests in the upper part of the montane belt, on fresh sites. Its differential species are Veratrum album and Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum. The variant with Hedera helix (its differential species include Asa-rum europaeum subsp. caucasicum, Galium odoratum and Helleborus odorus) characterises the sites and stands in the lower montane belt that are floristically slightly similar also to the stands of the associations Lamio orvalae-Fagetum s. lat. and Hacquetio-Fagetum s. lat.
The nomenclature type of the typical subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum is the same as the nomenclature type of the new association, i.e. relevé No. 4 in Table 7. It incorporates the stands of the altimontane belt at the elevations between 900 m and 1370 m. All of the relevés were made on very steep slopes above the Baca Valley on shady aspects, apart from the few that were made on sunny aspects. They occur in the belt otherwise dominated by altimontane beech stands of the association Ranunculo platanifolii--Fagetum. The comparison with two forms of this association as described by Marincek & Carni (2010) in the same phytogeographical region demonstrates notable differences (compare Tables 11 and 13, columns 11 and 12, and 17 and 18). The species that differentiate the typical form of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum against the association Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum are the species of the order Quer-cetalia pubescenti-petraeae and classes Trifolio-Gerani-etea and Elyno-Seslerietea. All diagnostic species of the association are frequent in the stands of the typical subassociation. In addition to the typical variant that comprises primarily the stands on very steep, shady slopes, we differentiate two other variants. The variant with Calamagrostis varia, its differential species include Carex digitata, Carduus crassifolius and Laserpi-tium peucedanoides, characterises open stands on very steep, sunny and shady slopes with shallow soil on limestone or dolomite with chert, claystone or marlstone in the upper Baca Valley. The variant with the taxon Primula veris subsp. columnae characterises extreme sites, mainly sunny slopes on limestone with chert or almost pure chert on slopes above the central and lower Baca Valley (above Rut and at the mountain pasture Kuk). Its differential species are also Sesleria autumnalis, Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus and Anemone trifolia. The role of the forests of this subassociation is exlusively protective as they represent extreme sites for forest growth.
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The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum rhododendretosum hirsuti, is relevé No. 1 in Table 8. The differential species of the subassociation are Rhododendron hirsutum and Clematis alpina. Stands of this subassociation were recorded in the altimontane belt, at the elevations between 1100 m and 1200 m, mostly on both sides of the ridge between the valleys of the Zadlaščica and the Lipovšček. With their entire floristic composition these stands very much resemble the stands of the local form of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum (Dakskobler 2003). A detailed comparison of phytosociological tables of both syntaxa, especially of abundance (frequency and cover value) of diagnostic species, demonstrates notable differences. In the stands of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum hairy alpenrose (Rhododendron hirsutum) usually has a cover value of 1, 2 or 3, but in our case only "r" or "+". These relevés might indicate a certain similarity, in terms of increasingly extreme sites, between the stands of two intrazonal associations dependent on land configuration and edaphic conditions. Table 8 also encompasses several relevés that cannot yet be synsystematically classified in more detail. They formed completely separate groups from other relevés in numerical comparisons. Relevés 13 to 15 in this table might characterise the most thermophilous form of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, which occurs on steep sunny slopes and open rocky ridges. They are temporarily treated as the provisional subassociation Saxifrago cu-neifolii-Fagetum caricetosum humilis prov. Given the poorly represented diagnostic species of the studied association these relevés may even belong to a new association provisionally named Carici humilis-Fagetum prov.
The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni, is relevé No. 26 in Table 9. The differential species of the subassociation is Fraxinus ornus that characterises the relevés at slightly lower elevations, in the montane belt between 500 m and 1000 m. Its species composition comprises also the species that are more typical for the submontane belt and were not recorded in the stands of the typical subassociation, such as Hedera helix, Lonicera xylosteum, Acer campestre, Vinca minor. These are slightly less estreme sites compared to the typical subassociation, on almost consistently shady aspect; the soil is occasionally more developed, with transitions to cambisols, which slightly improves the forest growth rate. These are mainly more or less man-
aged forests and have a strong protective role. Some sections were heavily cut in the past. The largest areas of stands of this subassociation are on shady slopes above the Kacenpoh gorge at Podbrdo and on shady slopes above Zventarska Grapa gorge at Grant. Slightly rarer among the diagnostic species of the association are those associated with shallow soil and moder rendzina, such as Campanula witasekiana, Carex humilis and Clinopodium vulgare. Also the stands of this subassociation are slightly similar to the stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum both in their physiognomy and entire floristic composition, but the numerical comparison nevertheless clearly demonstrates they cannot be classified therein.
The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the new subassociation Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum gymnocarpie-tosum dryopteridis, is relevé No. 2 in Table 10. The differential species of the subassociation are Gymnocarpi-um dryopteris, Acer pseudoplatanus, Abies alba, Phyte-uma ovatum, Actaea spicata, Polystichum aculeatum, Dryopteris affinis and Adoxa moschatellina. They indicate very steep and stony slopes on dominating chert with shallow, very acid and moist soil in the montane belt, at elevations between 600 m and 1000 m. Most of the relevés were made on the shady slopes of Jalovnik above the Kneza valley, some of them also on the shady slopes of the Koriska Gora-Oblosko Brdo ridge above the Koritnica valley. This is the most acidophilous form of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum. Despite occasionally dystric soil these relevés with their entire species composition cannot be classified into the association Luzulo-Fagetum. In terms of their floristic composition they slightly resemble the stands of the syntaxon Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis typicum. With a larger proportion of fir also in the tree layer similar stands could be classified also into this syntaxon. The current status of some of the stands of this subassociation may indicate a form of degradation of a former fir-beech forest. Table 9 comprises several other relevés that cannot yet be syntaxonomically classified and which grouped separately from other relevés. Relevés 14 and 15 may indicate a special subassociation, -caricetosum albae prov. The differential species are Carex alba and Cornus mas. In addition to beech the tree layer consists of mainly hop hornbeam and these two relevés could therefore also indicate a contact with the stands of the association Ostryo-Fagetum, which dominate on the sunny slopes in the study area.
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4 CONCLUSIONS
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Beech forests on steep shady slopes with mixed geological bedrock (dolomite with chert, platy limestone with cherts, marlstone or claystone) and shallow, stony soil in the montane belt of the Upper Soča Valley have so far been classified into the associations Arunco-Fa-getum and Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum. Having processed extensive material (more than 200 relevés) we were able to better identify the characteristics of the association Arunco-Fagetum also in western Slovenia. Based on these relevés we were able to typify the new geographical variant Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia, which has so far been described with no more than a few sentences and has not been supported with any tabular material. It was divided into two geographical subvariants, the northern-Dinaric (subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna) and the southern-Alpine (subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium). We described several new subassociations: -caricetosum ferrugineae (the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd plateau, contact with the stands of the association Omphalodo-Fa-getum), -vincetosum minoris (Idrija and Cerkno Hills, the Trebuša Valley, submontane and lower montane belt) and -tilietosum (Tolmin region, submontane belt, dolomite or limestone with cherts, fresh, slightly col-luvial soil). The combination of diagnostic species of the association Arunco-Fagetum is supplemented with Veratrum nigrum and Tamus communis. The stands of this association are managed, frequently with a strong protective role. They are important also as biotopes, sites of some rare species of conservation concern and (or) protected species (Anonymous 2002, 2004) such as Helleborus niger, H. odorus, Erythronium dens-canis, Galanthus nivalis, Lilium martagon, L. carniolicum, Listera ovata, Platanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera damaso-nium, C. longifolia, C. rubra, Neottia nidus-avis, Leuco-jum vernum, Epipactis helleborine, E. leptochila, E. mu-elleri, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Convallaria majalis, Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa, Ruscus aculeatus, Ilex aquifoli-um, Veratrum nigrum, Taxus baccata, Aconitum angustifolium, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus,Primula x terno-vania, Primula carniolica and Leucobryum glaucum.
In the numerical processing of our phytosociologi-cal material a large group of relevés clearly grouped separately from the relevés of the association Arunco--Fagetum. Some of them are floristically quite similar to the stands of the associations Homogyno sylvestris-Fage-tum and Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum, whereas some are distinctly different. They indicate a montane beech forest in the elevation belt between (400) 500 and 1300 (1400) m a.s.l., on rather extreme sites, very steep shady slopes on mixed geological bedrock. The bedrock is
never pure dolomite or limestone, but always consists also of cherts, claystone or marlstone. The soil is consequently shallow, skeletal, but also rather moist and acid. The tree species that frequently accompanies beech on such sites is Sorbus aria, as well as Laburnum alpinum, less frequently also Acerpseudoplatanus, Ostrya carpini-folia, Fraxinus ornus, Sorbus aucuparia, Picea abies, Larix decidua and rarely Abies alba. In the herb layer, Calamagrostis arundinacea stands out with the frequency and the area it covers, and along with it also many other species of beech and spruce forests as well as the species characteristic for thermophilous oak forests of the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraea, for thermo-philous forest edges of the class Trifolio-Geranietea and for subalpine grasslands of the class Elyno-Seslerietea. Such beech stands are classified into the new association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum sylvaticae which we describe as an intrazonal forest community of the southern Julian Alps subject to edaphic factors and land configuration. We described several subassocitions, beside the typical (-typicum) also subassociations -arunce-tosum (montane form on dolomite with cherts, similar to the stands of the associations Homogyno sylvestris--Fagetum and Arunco-Fagetum), -fraxinetosum orni, which indicates stands in the elevation belt between 500 m and 1000 m a.s.l., -rhododendretosum hirsuti, which indicates a syndynamic relationship with the stands of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum and subassociation -gymnocarpietosum dryopteridis, which is the most acidophilous form of the new association on chert-dominated slopes. Some stands of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum are managed and have a strong protective role, those on very steep slopes in the altimontane belt are exclusively protective and are also important as biotopes, sites for some species of conservation concern, of rare or protected vascular plants (Anonymous 2002, 2004) such as Leucobryum glaucum, Cephalanthera damasonium, C. longifolia, C. rubra, Co-rallorhiza trifida, Neottia nidus-avis, Epipactis helleborine, E. leptochila, E. atrorubens, Platanthera bifolia, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Listera ovata, Huperzia selago, Lilium carniolicum, L. martagon, Iris graminea, Asphodelus albus, Arabis pauciflora, Aconitum angustifolium, Taxus baccata, Veratrum nigrum, Primula auricula and Hiera-cium pospichalii. According to the typology of Slovenian forest sites (Kutnar et al. 2012) the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum is classified into the group of montane-upper-montane beech stands on calcareous and mixed bedrock as a new forest site type Beech stands with Saxifraga cuneifolia. The areas reported so far are estimated at about 500 hectares.
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5 POVZETEK
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
5.1	Uvod
Bukove gozdove na strmih osojnih dolomitnih pobočjih s plitvimi tlemi (rendzino) v severozahodnem delu ilirske florne province (Marinček 1995) uvrščamo v asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum (Košir 1962, 1979, Accetto 2007). Analitski preglednici o tej asociaciji sta objavila Košir (1979) in Accetto (2007, 2015), opise njene vrstne sestave in sestojne zgradbe ter ekoloških razmer pa najdemo tudi v nekaterih knjigah (Marinček 1987: 118-119, Košir 2010: 174-177). Njena rastišča so na veliko poligonih označena na dveh preglednih vegetacijskih kartah Slovenije (Čarni et al. 2002, Košir et al. 2003), prav tako na kartah podrobnejših meril (Marinček et al. 2003, 2006), predvsem v alpskem, predalpskem, dinarskem in pred-dinarskem fitogeografskem območju. Kartirani so tudi v zahodni Sloveniji, v Zgornjem Posočju, na Cerkljanskem in Idrijskem. V teh pokrajinah smo bukove sestoje na strmih osojnih dolomitnih in apnenčastih pobočjih začeli popisovati leta 1983 na Cerkljanskem. Na precejšnjih površinah smo jih našli in popisali v Baški dolini (1986-1990), kasneje v okolici Tolmina in v dolini Zadlaščice, redkeje na Kobariškem, zelo redko na Bovškem in pogosto v dolinah Idrijce in Trebušice. V primerjavi z opisi teh rastišč v drugih delih Slovenije je v Zgornjem Posočju očitna razlika v geološki podlagi in posledično talnih razmerah. Dolomitu je navadno primešan roženec, ponekod je geološka podlaga ploščasti apnenec s primesjo roženca, laporovca in (ali) glinavca. Silikatna primes se kaže v skeletnosti, globini in kislosti tal in posledično v vrstni sestavi. V skoraj 30 letih smo naredili več kot 200 vegetacijskih popisov in z njihovo obdelavo bomo poskušali odgovoriti tudi na vprašanje, ali preučene bukove gozdove na mešanih karbonatno-silikatnih kamninah še lahko uvrstimo v asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum.
5.2	Metode
Fitocenološke popise bukovih gozdov smo naredili po srednjeevropski metodi (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Popise smo vnesli v bazo FloVegSi (Seliškar et al. 2003). Kombinirane ocene zastiranja in pogostnosti smo pretvorili v ordinalne vrednosti od 1 do 9 (van der Maarel 1979). Numerične primerjave smo opravili s programom SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001). Fitocenološke popise smo v analitske preglednice uredili na podlagi hierarhične klasifikacije. Uporabili smo metodo kopičenja na podlagi povezovanja (netehtanih)
srednjih razdalj - »(Unweighted) average linkage method - UPGMA«. Primerjavo združb v sintezni preglednici smo naredili s to metodo in z metodo minimalnega porasta vsote kvadratov ostanka - »Incremental sum of squarres - MISSQ« - pri obeh smo uporabili Wishartov koeficient podobnosti (similarity ratio). Stolpce v sintezni preglednici smo primerjali tudi z ordinacijsko metodo glavnih koordinat (PCoA) in Wishartovim koeficientom podobnosti (similarity ratio) ter z nemetrično ordinacijsko metodo - Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) in količnikom Goodman-Kruskal's y. Pri teh primerjavah smo upoštevali le praprotnice in semenke, saj vsi avtorji v svojih tabelah nimajo tudi mahovnih vrst. Rezultate numeričnih metod smo kombinirali s klasično ureditvijo na podlagi diagnostičnih vrst. Nomen-klaturni viri za imena praprotnic in semenk so Mar-tinčič & al. (2007), za imena mahov Martinčič (2003, 2011), za imena lišajev Suppan, Prugger & Mayrhofer (2000), za imena sintaksonov iz zveze Aremonio-Fagion Marinček et al. (1993), za ostale sin-taksone pa Šilc & Čarni (2012), razen za ime razreda Querco-Fagetea Braun-Blanquet et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937, in za imena talnih tipov Urbančič et al. (2005).
5. 2.1 Kratka ekološka oznaka raziskovanega območja
Zgornje Posočje je del južnih oz. jugozahodnih Julijskih Alp. Geološka podlaga je zelo pisana (Buser 1986, 1987), kar velja še posebej za doline Tolminke, Zadlaščice, Knežice in Bače. V njih prevladujejo tri-asne, jurske in kredne plasti, predvsem baški dolomit z roženci in ploščasti apnenec s primesjo rožencev, laporovca in glinavcev. Tudi v dolinah Idrijce in Trebušice je geološka podlaga pisana (Mlakar & Čar 2009, Čar 2010), vendar je tamkajšnji triasni dolomit navadno brez primesi rožencev. Podnebje je vlažno, s povprečno letno množino padavin več kot 2000 mm (B. Zupančič 1998) in razmeroma toplo, s povprečno letno temperaturo 6 °C-10 °C (Cegnar 1998). Popisovali smo osojna pobočja, ki imajo v primerjavi s splošnim precej bolj hladno krajevno podnebje. Gozdovi v raziskovanem območju so že zelo dolgo načrtno gospodarjeni (Perko et al. 2014). Njihova zdajšnja zasnova in kakovost je v glavnem posledica močnih sečenj in oglarjenja v prvi tretjini 20. stoletja. Februarja 2014 jih je na precejšnji površini močno poškodoval žled.
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5.3 Rezultati in razprava
5.3.1 Numerična primerjava in presoja diagnostičnih vrst
Fitocenološke popise bukovih gozdov na strmih osojnih dolomitnih in apnenčastih pobočjih v Zgornjem Posočju, na severnem robi Trnovskega gozda in v Cerkljanskem in Idrijskem hribovju smo na podlagi rezultatov hierarhične klasifikacije uredili v več analitskih preglednic (1 do 10) in večino od njih med seboj primerjali s popisnim gradivom podobnih gozdnih združb (Arunco-Fagetum, Homogyno sylvestris-Fage-tum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum, Ranunculo plata-nifolii-Fagetum) v zahodni in deloma jugovzhodni Sloveniji. Sintezna preglednica (preglednica 11, glej tudi legendo k slikam 1-4) vsebuje 18 stolpcev. Primerjani sintaksoni so se združevali, kot kažejo slike 1-4. Rezultati teh primerjav so prinesli naslednje zaključke.
Večjo skupina popisov, ki smo jih uredili v dve vegetacijski preglednici (1 in 2, glej tudi stolpce 5 in 6 v preglednici 11) po floristični sestavi nedvomno lahko uvrstimo še v asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum. Ostali popisi so bolj podobni popisom asociacij Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum in Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum, ki smo jih v zahodni Sloveniji preučili in rezultate objavili pred leti (Dakskobler 2002, 2003). Če v primerjavo vključimo še analizo diagnostičnih vrst (preglednica 12) in analizo deležev po skupinah diagnostičnih vrst (preglednica 13) ugotovimo, da v vseh primerjanih bukovih gozdovih uspeva zelo malo vrst, ki bi bile vezane samo na en vegetacijski tip. Po teh primerjavah v asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum v zahodni Sloveniji uvrščamo bukove sestoje v (sub)montanskem pasu (od 200 m do 1000 m nm. v.) na osojnih dolomitnih pobočjih na severnem robu Trnovskega gozda, v Idrijskem in Cerkljanskem hribovju ter nekatere bukove sestoje na podobnih pobočjih in na podobni nadmorski višini v južnih Julijskih Alpah s prigorjem, kjer je geološka podlaga pogosto dolomit z rožencem in ponekod ploščasti apnenec z rožencem.
Sestoji v montansko-altimontanskem pasu na mešani geološki podlagi (dolomit z rožencem, lapor-ovcem ali glinavcem, ploščasti apnenec z rožencem, laporovcem ali glinavcem) so floristično precej drugačni. Nekatere od njih smo že okoli leta 1990 kar-tirali kot asociacijo Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum (karta je bila natisnjena šele veliko pozneje, Dakskobler 2007a), druge pa na terenskih kartah in v podatkovni bazi provizorno označevali z imeni Calamagro-stio-Fagetum in Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum. V asociacijo Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum od leta 1993 (Ma-rincek et al. 1993) uvrščamo predalpsko združbo
bukve in jelke, za katero smo prej uporabljali ime Abi-eti-Fagetum prealpinum. Ta združba je razširjena v večjem delu severne Slovenije na karbonatni in mešani karbonatno-silikatni podlagi (Marincek & Čarni 2007). Vrstna sestava njene geografske variante iz dolin Kneže, Zadlaščice in Tolminke (Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis) je dejansko zelo podobna vrstni sestavi nekaterih oblik preučenih združb, kar je deloma povezano z istim območjem razširjenosti. Če bi v primerjavo vključili druge geografske variante asociacije Homogyno sylve-stris-Fagetum, bi bila ta podobnost precej manjša. Bistvena diagnostična vrsta te združbe je jelka (Abies alba), ki pa je v naših popisih zelo redka, prisotna le posamično in v glavnem le v grmovni plasti. Deloma bi to lahko bila posledica preteklega gospodarjenja in degradacijskih procesov. V tej jelovo-bukovi združbi sta tudi večinoma številčnejši in imata večje srednje zastiranje vrsti Adenostyles glabra in Homogyne sylve-stris. Bukove sestoje, ki bolj nakazujejo floristično podobnost z jelovim bukovjem, smo vzdružili v preglednicah 6 in 10 (glej tudi stolpca 8 in 9 v preglednici 11) in te sestoje bi morda lahko uvrstili tudi v asociacijo Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum. To ni mogoče za fitioce-noze v preglednicah 7 in 9 (glej tudi stolpce 10, 11 in 12 v preglednici 11), ki se floristično dobro razlikujejo od predalpskega j elovo-bukovja. Nekateri od preučenih sestojev (preglednica 8, popisi 1 do 8, glej tudi stolpec 13 v preglednici 11) so po vrstni sestavi nekoliko podobni tudi sestojem asociacije Rhododendro hirsuti-Fa-getum, ki pa navadno uspevajo na še bolj skrajnih rastiščih in imajo fiziognomsko podobo subalpinskega bukovega gozda z obilnim dlakavim slečem (Rhododendron hirsutum) v podrasti. V naših popisih se dlakavi sleč pojavlja le posamično in je zato zgolj raz-likovalnica subasociacije.
Poseben edafsko in reliefno pogojen tip bukovega gozda iz zveze Aremonio-Fagion s posebno floristično sestavo (preglednice 6, 7, 8, 9 in 10) zato uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum V njenih sestojih je značilna prevlada gozdne šašulice (Calama-grostis arundinacea) ter prisotnost hladnoljubnih in kisloljubnih vrst, predvsem značilnic smrekovih gozdov, ob hkratnem uspevanju toploljubnih vrst iz reda Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae in razreda Trifolio-Ge-ranietea kot tudi vrst suhih in subalpinskih travišč, melišč ter skalnih razpok v zeliščni plasti. Po dominantni vrsti zeliščne plasti bi lahko te sestoje uvrstili tudi v asociacijo Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Fagetum Cerovečki 2009, ki jo je Cerovecki (2009) opisal v al-timontanskem pasu zahodne Hrvaške, na karbonatni podlagi in plitvih tleh. To ime je poznejši homonim, saj je bila z enakim imenom v Karpatih prej veljavno
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opisana asociacija Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Fage-tum Sykora 1972 (Sykora 1972, Boublik et al. 2007). Sestoji asociacije iz Karpatov, prav tako sestoji asociacije Calamagriostidi (Abieti)-Fagetum, katere tabelo sta na podlagi Hartmannovih popisov iz v srednjeevropskih gorovjih severno od Alp objavila Hartmann & Jahn (1967), so z našimi popisi zelo različni. Določeno podobnost ugotavljamo s fitocenološkimi popisi, ki jih je objavil Cerovečki (ibid.). Obema asociacijama so skupne nekatere vrste zveze Aremonio-Fa-gion, reda Fagetalia sylvatica in razredov Erico-Pinetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea in Mulgedio-Aconitetea. V sestojih obeh primerjanih sintaksonov uspevajo nekatere vrste, ki označujejo hladna, kamnita, nekoliko zakisana rastišča, kot so Calamagrostis arundinacea, Veronica urticifolia, Adenostyles glabra in Homogyne sylvestris. Asociacijo Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum nasproti asociacije Calamagrostio-Fagetum sensu Cerovečki razlikujejo nekatere diagnostične vrste: Tanacetum corym-bosum, Luzula luzuloides, Saxifraga cuneifolia in Hu-perzia selago, fitogeografske razlikovalnice: Aconitum angustifolium, Larix decidua, Anemone trifolia,Carduus crassifolius, nekatere toploljubne vrste: Sesleria autu-mnalis, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Melittis melissophyllum, Arabis turrita, prav tako vrste skalnih razpok in subalpinskih travišč: Asplenium viride, Se-sleria caerulea subsp. calcaria, Betonica alopecuros, La-serpitium peucedanoides. Med vrstami, ki razlikujejo asociacijo Calamagrostio-Fagetum sensu Cerovečki nasproti asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum so Ca-lamintha grandiflora, Ribes petraeum in Rosa pimpinel-lifolia. Razlike potrjuje tudi izračun floristične podobnosti po S0rensenu (1948). Ta je med sintaksonoma Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Fagetum sensu Cerovečki in Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum le 43 %, kar ne dopušča uvrstitve v isto asociacijo.
Tako kot smo našli sestoje, ki kažejo na stik oz. podobnost asociacij Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum in Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum (preglednica 10), in sestoje, ki kažejo na stik oz. podobnost med sestoji asociacij Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum in Saxifrago cune-ifolii-Fagetum (preglednica 8), smo v preglednici 6 (stolpec 8 v preglednici 11) združili popise, ki so po numeričnih primerjavah floristično bolj ali manj podobni popisom asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum in popisom asociacije Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum, a so v njih dobro zastopane tudi diagnostične vrste asociacije Arunco-Fagetum.Zato jih uvrščamo v posebno subsociacijo Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum arunceto-sum.
5.3.2	Pregled novo opisanih sintaksonov
Na podlagi zgornjih premislekov bomo v nadaljevanju opisali ugotovljene sintaksone:
Razred: Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937
Red: Fagetalia sylvaticae Walas 1933
Zveza: Aremonio-Fagion (Ht. 1938) Borhidi in Török,
Podani & Borhidi 1989
Asociacija: Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962
-	anemonetosum trifoliae prov.
var. Cardamine pentaphyllos var. Gymnocarpium robertianum
-	caricetosum ferrugineae subss. nov.
-	vincetosum minoris subass. nov.
-	tilietosum subass. nov.
var. Luzula nivea var. Hacquetia epipactis Asociacija: Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum ass. nov. -typicum subass. nov. var. Calamagrostis varia var. Primula columnae -fraxinetosum orni subass. nov. -aruncetosum dioicae subass. nov. var. Veratrum album var. Hedera helix -gymnocarpietosum dryopteridis subass. nov.
-	rhododendretosum hirsuti subass. nov. -caricetosum albae prov. -caricetosum humilis prov.
Členitev novih oblik asociacije Arunco-Fagetum v fitogeografskem smislu pa je naslednja: Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Anemone trifolia Košir ex Dakskobler var. geogr. nov.
subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna subvar. geogr. nov.
subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium subvar. geogr. nov.
5.3.3	Asociacija Arunco-Fagetum v Posočju
5.3.31 Fitogeografska členitev asociacije Arunco-Fage-tum v Sloveniji
Približne lokacije popisov asociacije Arunco-Fagetum v Posočju so na slikah 5 in 6. Te popise smo uredili v treh preglednicah (preglednice 1, 2 in 3). Nekaj popisov iz drugih delov Slovenije pa smo uredili v preglednicah 4 in 5. Asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum v Posočju uvrščamo v geografsko varianto var. geogr. Anemone trifolia var. geogr. nova, ki jo je le z nekaj stavki in brez tabelarnega gradiva prvi opisal Košir (1979: 164). No-menklaturni tip (holotypus) nove geografske variante je popis št. 24 v preglednici 2. To je tudi holotip nove
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geografske subvariante, subvar. geogr. Aconitum an-gustifolium subvar. geogr. nova, v katero združujemo popise iz južnega in zahodnega prigorja Julijskih Alp. Opisali smo še eno novo geografsko subvarianto, subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna subvar. geogr. nova. Njen nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, je popis št. 18 v preglednici 1. Njeni sestoji prevladujejo na pobočjih nad dolinama Idrijce in Trebušice, na stiku predalpskega in dinarskega fitogeografskega območja. Ker so sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fagetum razširjeni tudi v drugih delih predalpskega dela Slovenije, je znotraj geografske variante Anemone trifolia verjetna še kakšna geografska subvarianta. Morda sestoji te geografske variante uspevajo tudi v Zasavju. Popis št. 1 v preglednici 4, narejen na pobočjih Kuma, bi že lahko uvrstili vanjo, ali pač v posebno geografsko subvari-anto var. geogr. Ruscus hypoglossum Košir 1979 subvar. geogr. Anemone trifolia prov. Morda uspevajo sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fagetum tudi v subpanonskem delu Slovenije. V preglednici S so trije popisi iz osojnih pobočij Donačke gore, ki po ekologiji in deloma vrstni sestavi kažejo določeno podobnost s sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fagetum. Po celotni floristični sestavi so v naši primerjavi odstopali od vseh ostalih primerjanih popisov, torej so se združevali v čisto poseben sklop. Odstopajo tudi glede geološke podlage, ki je kremenov konglomerat. Pobočja so zelo strma in zgradba sestojev in reliefne razmere so zelo podobne tistim, ki jih poznamo v sestojih asociacije Arunco-Fa-getum. Za zdaj te tri popise uvrščamo v novo geografsko varianto Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Hieracium rotundatum. Njen nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, je popis št. 1 v preglednici S. Fitogeografske razlikoval-nice so tudi vrste Poa stiriaca, Sesleria sadlerana in Galium sylvaticum. Cimperšek (2004: 441) takšne sestoje na Donački gori uvršča v sintakson Lamio orva-lae-Fagetum var. geogr. Dentaria polyphylla lunarieto-sum redivivae var. Festuca altissima subvar. Aruncus dioicus in omenja fiziognomsko, floristično in ekološko podobnost s sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fage-tum. Marinček in Marinšek (in litt.) sta te sestoje uvrstila v asociacijo Festuco drymejae-Fagetum.
Zdaj znana fitogeografska členitev asociacije Arunco-Fagetum je torej naslednja: Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Ruscus hypoglossum Košir 1979 (Dolenjska)
Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Acer obtusatum Accetto 2007 (zgornja Kolpska dolina) Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Calamintha grandiflora Accetto 201S (Iški vintgar) Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Anemone trifo-lia Košir ex Dakskobler 201S (alpski, predalpski in deloma dinarski del Slovenije)
subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna (dolina Idrijce s pritokoma Trebušica, Belca)
subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium (Zgornje Posočje)
Arunco-Fagetum Košir 1962 var. geogr. Hieracium rotundatum (Donačka gora)
5.3.32 Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar geogr. Omphalodes verna (preglednica 1)
Sestoje te geografske subvariante smo popisali predvsem na severnem robu Trnovskega gozda nad dolinama Trebušice in Belce, v grapah med Vojskim in Trebušo, v Idrijskem in Cerkljanskem hribovju. Nadmorska višina popisov je od 200 m do 1000 m, geološka podlaga največkrat dolomit, le ponekod s primesjo roženca ali laporovca, tla v glavnem rendzina. Strmina je od 25° do 45°, lega pa v glavnem osojna, le ponekod tudi prisojna (jugozahodna). Diagnostične vrste asociacije, kot jih je izbral Košir (1962, 1979), so v naših popisih zastopane različno. Med značilnicami sta v popisih te geografske subvariante razmeroma pogosti le vrsti Aruncus dioicus in Helleborus niger, a še zdaleč ne s tako obilnostjo kot na popisnih ploskvah iz območja izvornega opisa asociacije. Kresničje (Aruncus dioicus) vsekakor ni vrsta, ki bi te sestoje posebej označevala oz. v njih posebej izstopala, a podobno je z večino zeliščnih vrst, po katerih poimenujemo bukovja iz zveze Aremonio-Fagion. Med razlikovalnicami sta vrsti Cardamine enneaphyllos in Mercurialis perennis v ilirskih bukovjih splošno razširjeni in ju v tabelah ne izpostavljamo posebej. Podobno lahko zapišemo za vrsto Prenanthes purpurea, ki smo jo v diagnostični kombinaciji obdržali. Na podlagi primerjalne preglednice (preglednici 11 in 12) smo med razlikovalnice asociacije Arunco-Fagetum dodatno uvrstili vrsti Tamus communis in Veratrum nigrum. Ti dve vrsti sta sicer bolj značilni za sestoje asociacije Ostryo-Fagetum in dobro označujeta gozdove na dolomitni podlagi in plitvih tleh. Geografske razlikovalne vrste so Anemone trifolia, Omphalodes verna, Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum, Tephroseris longifolia, Rhamnus fallax, Sco-polia carniolica, Potentilla carniolica in Lathyrus ver-nus subsp. flaccidus. Vrsta Anemone trifolia označuje predvsem bukove gozdove v predalpsko-alpskem delu Slovenije. Vrsta Omphalodes verna je najbolj pogosta v bukovih gozdovih dinarskega dela Slovenije. Takson Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum je pogost v dolinah Idrijce in Trebuše in v Trnovskem gozdu, ne poznamo pa ga v Baški dolini in v dolinah severno od Tolmina. Vrste Rhamnus fallax, Scopolia carniolica in Tephroseris longifolia imajo predvsem vzhodnoalpsko-ilirsko razširjenost. Vrsta Potentilla carniolica ima
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(razen osamljenega nahajališča v Trenti - Trnkoczy, mscr.) najbolj severna nahajališča v Posočju v dolini Idrijce pri Slapu ob Idrijci, njena razširjenost je dinarska (ČušiN & Dakskobler 2001: 77). Takson Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus je pogost v bukovih gozdovih v Posočju (Dakskobler 1991: 20). Naštete vrste dobro označujejo geografski prostor med Mostom na Soči, Cerknim, Idrijo in Gorenjo Trebušo.
Razlikujemo dve subasociaciji. Popise subasociaci-je -caricetosum ferruginei smo naredili na strminah nad Črno drago nad dolino Belce v krajinskem parku Zgornja Idrijca in v Malih Govcih nad povirjem Trebušice. Razlikovalnice subasociacije so vrste Laburnum alpinum, Carex ferruginea in Adenostyles glabra. Te tri vrste označujejo bukove gozdove v montanskem pasu, 800 m do 1000 m nadmorske višine, v območjih, kjer sicer prevladuje jelovo-bukov gozd (Omphalodo--Fagetum s. lat.). Surina (2002) in Surina & Dakskobler (2013) sta podobne bukove sestoje uvrstila v sin-takson Omphalodo-Fagetum var. geogr. Saxifraga cu-neifolia calamagrostietosum variae. Dopuščamo možnost, da je odsotnost jelke oz. njena izrazito majhna primes (posamični primerki v različnih sestojnih plasteh) deloma povezana s preteklim gospodarjenjem. Vsekakor sestoji te subasociacije kažejo na stik med asociacijama Arunco-Fagetum in Omphalodo-Fagetum. Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, nove subasociacije Arunco-Fagetum caricetosum ferruginei je popis št. 7 v preglednici 1.
Popise subasociacije -vincetosum minoris smo večinoma naredili v Cerkljanskem hribovju in v dolini Trebuše - tam nekaj popisov tudi v Govcih na severnem robu Trnovskega gozda. Nadmorska višina je nekoliko nižja, prevladujejo popisi na višini med 500 m in 600 m, kar precej smo jih naredili še nižje, v podgorskem pasu. Razlikovalnice subasociacije so vrste Vinca minor, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Veratrum nigrum (tudi diagnostična vrsta za asociacijo) in Campanula rapun-culoides. Razlikovalnice kažejo na razmeroma ugodne toplotne razmere, v katerih kljub strmini in osojni legi uspevajo ti gozdovi. Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, nove subasociacije je fitocenološki popis št. 18 v preglednici 1.
5.3.33 Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar geogr. Aconitum angustifolium (preglednica 2)
Nahajališča sestojev te geografske subvariante so predvsem v okolici Tolmina (Bučenica, Kozlov rob, Godiča), nekaj popisov je iz spodnjega dela doline Idrijce oz. iz pobočij nad stranskimi grapami v tej dolini, precej popisov je tudi iz strmih pobočij Matajurja in Mije nad
sotesko Nadiže, po en popis pa sta iz osojnih pobočij Stolovega grebena nad Srpenico na Bovškem in iz Čepovanske doline. Diagnostične vrste asociacije so razmeroma redke, kar še posebej velja za vrsto Helle-borus niger. Najbrž je to posledica dejstva, da je geološka podlaga pogosto ploščasti apnenec z rožencem ali baški dolomit z rožencem. Na takih podlagah se črni teloh pojavlja precej redkeje kot na čistem dolomitu ali na dolomitiziranem apnencu. Geografske razlikovalnice Anemone trifolia, Geranium nodosum, Sesleria autumnalis, Luzula nivea, Aconitum angustifolium, Tephroseris pseudocrispa in Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus zelo dobro označujejo gozdove v širši okolici Tolmina oz. v tistem delu Zgornjega Posočja, kjer je v podnebju in rastju še opazen submediteranski vpliv. V bolj alpskem delu Zgornjega Posočja (Bovško) so sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fagetum redkost, nadomeščajo jih različne oblike asociacije Anemono trifoliae-Fage-tum. Podobno velja tudi za druge dele naših Alp (Košir 1979: 164).
Sestoje te geografske subvariante smo členili v dve subasociaciji. Vse popise v preglednici št. 2 uvrščamo v novo subasociacijo Arunco-Fagetum tilietosum. Njene razlikovalnice so vrste Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos in Phillitis scolopendrium. Naštete vrste kažejo na razmeroma vlažna, kamnita rastišča, nekoliko koluvialna tla, posredno tudi na geološko podlago, ki za asociacijo Arunco-Fagetum ni tako običajna, namreč ploščasti apnenec z roženci. V tem delu Zgornjega Posočja so na pobočnem grušču in podornem skalovju na vznožju osojnih pobočij pogosta lipovja, ki jih uvrščamo v asociaciji Saxifrago petraeae-Tilietum in Veratro nigri--Fraxinetum (Dakskobler 2007b) in vsaj ponekod so ta lipovja stična tudi s sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fage-tum. Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, nove subasociacije Arunco-Fagetum tilietosum je popis št. 24 v preglednici 2. Razlikujemo dve varianti. Varianta Luzula nivea, razlikovalnice so tudi vrste Cardaminepentaphyllos, Mo-ehringia muscosa in Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, označuje rastišča, kjer je pogosto geološka podlaga apnenec z rožencem. kamnitost je velika, tla so ponekod bolj razvita - rjava rendzina s prehodi v rjava pokar-bonatna tla. Prevladujejo sestoji na nekoliki višji nadmorski višini in v nekoliko hladnejšem podnebju. Sestoji te variante kažejo določeno floristično podobnost s sestoji geografske subvariante Lamio orvalae-Fagetum var. geogr. Dentaria pentaphyllos subvar. geogr. Luzula nivea. Sestoji variante z vrsto Hacquetia epipactis in drugimi razlikovalnicami Allium ursinum, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Pulmonaria officinalis in Ruscus aculea-tus prevladujejo na nižji nadmorski višini, v podgorskem pasu, v nekoliko toplejšem podnebju, na dolomitu z rožencem, na manj kamnitih in razmeroma
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svežih tleh. Razlikovalnice variante kažejo na določeno podobnost oz. stik s sestoji sintaksona Hacquetio-Fage-tum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia.
V preglednici 3 smo zbrali popise, ki so se pri numerični primerjavi združevali ločeno od vseh ostalih popisov asociacije Arunco-Fagetum in so floristično nekoliko posebni in tudi med seboj so si precej različni. Naredili smo jih v različnih delih Posočja. Popise št. 1 do 10 začasno uvrščamo v provi-zorno subsociacijo Arunco-Fagetum anemonetosum trifoliae prov. Razlikujemo dve varianti. Var. Cardami-ne pentaphyllos,razlikovalnica je tudi podvrsta Aconi-tum degenii subsp. paniculatum, označuje bolj sveža rastišča, var. Gymnocarpium robertianum, razlikoval-nice so tudi vrste Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria, Campanula rapunculoides, Rubus saxatilis, Vincetoxi-cum hirundinaria, Luzula nivea, Aconitum angustifoli-um in Vinca minor pa bolj inicalna, plitva in skeletna tla. V dveh popisih na vznožju Mije smo popisali tudi vrsto Epimedium alpinum. Popisi št. 11 do 13 v preglednici 3 ostajajo za zdaj sintaksonomsko neopredeljeni. Popis št. 12 kaže precejšnjo podobnost s sestoji asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, ki jo bomo predstavili v nadaljevanju.
5.3.4 Opis nove asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum
5.3.41 Nahajališča in ekološke razmere
Približna nahajališča popisov asociacije Saxifrago cu-neifolii-Fagetum so na slikah 7 in 8. Te popise smo uredili v petih preglednicah (preglednice 6, 7, 8, 9 in 10, glej tudi stolpce 8 do 13 v preglednici 11). Za zdaj smo njene sestoje našli le v zgornji Baški dolini, predvsem na zelo strmih pobočjih Babjega zoba, Šoštarja in Koble nad potokoma Linderpoh in Kacenpoh, v Trtni-karskem gozdu pri slapu Šprickovbl nad Kacenpohom, pod Robarjevim gričem nad Batavo pri Podbrdu, pod Kojco, na vzpetini Bizle pod Hohkovblom (Matajur-skim vrhom) nad Rutom, pod grebenom Jehle-Kob-lar-Znojilski vrh nad Bideržuno oz. Hudo grapo in nad dolino Koritnice, na strmih pobočjih pod grebenom Čumik-Luken nad Žventarsko grapo pri Gran-tu, na strmih osojnih pobočjih Jalovnika nad Kneško grapo (Temna brda, Temnak nad domačijo Mohor), pod Tisovcem, pl. Kuk in Krikovim vrhom nad povir-jem Lipovščka prav tako v povodju Kneže (Knežice) in pod Vrhom nad Sopotom nad dolino Zadlaščice. Osamljeno nahajališče poznamo na Kobariškem - pod Črnikom nad Drežnico v Krnskem pogorju in eno na Bovškem - Strmi breg na osojnih pobočjih Stolovega grebena nad Srpenico. V precejšnji meri so nahajališča sestojev te asociacije tam, kjer imajo geologi kartirane
plasti jurskega mikritnega in kalkarenitnega apnenca s polami roženca in podrejeno glinastega laporovca, kot jih na geološki karti in v Tolmaču označuje Buser (1986, 1987). Prav na vseh popisih so apnencu ali dolomitu primešani roženec, glinavec ali laporovec, roženec ponekod povsem prevladuje. Zato je mešana geološka podlaga eden izmed ključnih dejavnikov, ki pogojujejo posebno (svojsko) vrstno sestavo te asociacije. Drugi odločilni dejavnik je velika strmina pobočij (navadno med 30° in 45°) in tretji prevladujoča osojna lega. Višinski razpon uspevanja asociacije je precej velik. Spodnja meja uspevanja je na nadmorski višini okoli (400) 500 m, najvišje pa smo te sestoje našli pod Črno prstjo in Hohkovblom (Matajurskim vrhom) na nadmorski višini skoraj 1400 m, pri čemer prevladujejo sestoji na nadmorski višini med 900 m in 1250 m. Sestoji na nižji nadmorski višini so vedno na osojnih pobočjih, sestoji v altimontanskem pasu so lahko tudi na prisojnih pobočjih. Talnih razmer podrobneje nismo raziskali. Tla so vedno plitva, skeletna. Prevladujejo različne oblike rendzine s prehodi v rjava tla, ki so ponekod distrična. Podnebje je gorsko, zelo hu-midno, s povprečno množino padavin več kot 2000 mm, ponekod celo 3000 mm, in zaradi prevladujoče osojne lege hladno. Razmere za uspevanje gozda so zaradi strmine, kamnitosti in izpostavljenosti vetrovom precej skrajne, temu primerna je tudi rastnost sestojev. Le sestoji v nižjih nadmorskih višinah imajo ponekod večje lesno zaloge in boljšo rastnost. Tam bukev doseže zgornjo drevesno višino več kot 25 m. Sestoji v altimontanskem pasu so nizki, pogosto šopaste in panjevske rasti, z zgornjo drevesno višino med 15 m in 20 m, ponekod tudi manj.
5.3.42 Vrstna sestava, diagnostične vrste in nomen-klaturni tip nove asociacije
V drevesni plasti prevladuje bukev (Fagus sylvatica). Najbolj pogosti spremljevalni vrsti sta Sorbus aria in Laburnum alpinum, ponekod tudi Acer pseudoplata-nus, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Sorbus aucuparia, Larix decidua (razlikovalnica nasproti asociaciji Arunco-Fagetum), redko Abies alba in še nekatere druge. Prevladujoče grmovnice so vrste Daphne mezereum, Lonicera alpigena, Rosa pendulina in ponekod Rubus hirtus.
Najbolj pogoste vrste zeliščne plasti so Cyclamen purpurascens, Cardamine enneaphyllos, Cardamine trifolia, Primula vulgaris, Mercurialis perennis, Pre-nanthes purpurea, Dryopteris filix-mas, Salvia glutinosa, Symphytum tuberosum, Galium laevigatum, Anemone nemorosa, Cirsium erisithales, Solidago virgaurea, Gentiana asclepiadea, Oxalis acetosella, Homogyne syl-
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vestris, Veronica urticifolia, Calamagrostis arundina-cea, Luzula luzuloides, Hieracium murorum, Phyteuma ovatum, Senecio ovatus, Athyrium filix-femina, Ade-nostyles glabra in še nekatere druge.
Bogato razvita je mahovna plast, ki ponekod zastira tudi več kot 20 % popisne površine. Najbolj pogoste vrste mahovne plasti so Ctenidium molluscum, Neckera crispa, Polytrichum formosum, Tortella tortuosa, Atrichum undulatum, Isothecium alopecuroides, Me-tzgeria furcata in številne druge. Mahovna plast je popisana le delno in naše določitve niso vedno zanesljive.
Sestava združbe po skupinah diagnostičnih vrst je v preglednici 13, v stolpcih 8 do 13. V primerjavi s sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fagetum je v njenih sestojih bistveno manj mezofilnih vrst značilnih za zvezo Tilio--Acerion in bukovih vrst iz zveze Aremonio-Fagion, a precej več kisloljubnih vrst iz razreda Vaccinio-Picee-tea. V primerjavi s sestoji asociacije Ranunculo platani-folii-Fagetum je v sestojih nove asociacije bistveno več vrst reda Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae in vrst razreda Elyno-Seslerietea in precej manj vrst visokih steb-lik iz razreda Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Diagnostične vrste nove asociacije so Veronica urticifolia, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Luzula luzuloides, Huperzia selago, Saxifraga cuneifolia, Tanacetum corymbosum s. lat. (inc. T. clusii), Campanula witasekiana, Festuca heterophylla, Clinopodium vulgare in Carex humilis. Geografske razlikovalne vrste so Anemone trifolia, Aconitum angusti-folium, Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus, Larix decidua in Sesleria autumnalis. Naštete vrste označujejo posebno ekologijo teh rastišč - zelo strma pobočja v (alti) montanskem pasu, mešano geološko podlago, plitva, a nekoliko zakisana tla v južnih Julijskih Alpah. No-menklaturni tip nove asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii--Fagetum ass. nov., holotypus, je popis št. 4 v preglednici 7. Uvrščamo jo v zvezo Aremonio-Fagion, red Fage-talia sylvaticae in razred Querco-Fagetea. Novo asociacijo smo imenovali po vrsti Saxifraga cuneifolia. To je južnoevropska montanska vrsta, značilnica zveze Piceion excelsae in njene podzveze Abieti-Piceenion. Navadno uspeva v montanskem in subalpinskem pasu na kislih, z dušikom bogatih tleh. Razširjena je od Pirenejev preko Alp do vzhodnih Karpatov, tudi v Ap-eninih in v Dinarskem gorstvu (Aeschimann et al. 2004: 692, Accetto 1993, 1995, 2002, 2006, Zupančič & Accetto 1994, Zupančič 1999). Razširjenost v Sloveniji po podatkih v bazi FloVegSi (Seliskar et al. 2003) prikazuje slika 9. Zelo pogosta je v alpskem in predalpskem delu Slovenije, precej redkejša pa v njenem dinarskem in preddinarskem delu. Raste v številnih gozdnih združbah, predvem bukovih, jelovo-bukovih, smrekovih in macesnovih. Najbolj pogosta je v sestojih asociacij Anemono trifoliae-Fagetum, Rhododendro hir-
suti-Fagetum, Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum, Polysti-cho lonchitis-Fagetum, Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum, Adenostylo glabrae-Piceetum, Laburno alpini-Piceetum, Asplenio-Piceetum in Rhodothamno-Laricetum, ponekod raste tudi v sestojih sintaksonov Saxifrago petrae-ae-Tilietum, Veratro nigri-Fraxinetum excelsioris, Arunco-Fagetum, Lamio orvalae-Fagetum, Omphalo-do-Fagetum var. geogr. Saxifraga cuneifolia, Tanaceto clusii-Fagetum, Luzulo sylvaticae-Piceetum var. geogr. Luzula nivea, Campanulo justinianae-Piceetum, Ribeso alpini-Piceetum, Neckero crispae-Campanuletum justi-nianae in še nekaterih drugih. Označuje hladna, kamnita rastišča s prhninasto rendzino oz. kislo reakcijo tal v montanskem pasu in je po svoji ekologiji zelo primerna za oznako rastišč nove asociacije.
5.3.43 Nižje sintaksonomske enote asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum
Večino popisov sestojev subasociacije Saxifrago cune-ifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum smo naredili na strminah nad dolino Kneže oz. njenega desnega pritoka Lipovščka, le dva popisa smo naredili na pobočjih nad dolino Bače pri Hudajužni oz. Zakojci. Večino popisov je iz gorskega pasu, na nadmorski višini od 600 m do 1200 m, geološka podlaga pa je v glavnem dolomit z rožencem. Diagnostične vrste asociacije so razmeroma pogoste, z izjemo vrst Carex humilis in Campanula wi-tasekiana. Prisotne so tudi geografske razlikovalne vrste, Anemone trifolia, Sesleria autumnalis, Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus in Aconitum angustifolium. Ra-zlikovalnice subasociacije so vrste Festuca altissima, Aruncus dioicus, Veratrum nigrum in Laserpitium kra-pfii s. str. Še posebej zanimiv je takson Laserpitium krapfii subsp. krapfii, sicer značilen za asociacijo Arun-co-Fagetum. Ima ilirsko-karpatsko razširjenost in v strminah nad grapama Lipovščka in Zadlaščice in nad dolino Bače ima severno mejo svojega celotnega areala in edina nahajališča v Alpah. Drugod v Alpah je prisotna podvrsta L. krapfii subsp. gaudinii (Aeschimann et al. 2004: 1144, Bačič et al. 2015). Naštete razlikovalne vrste torej kažejo na podobnost s sestoji asociacije Arunco-Fagetum. Če bi upoštevali zgolj diagnostične vrste, bi te sestoje lahko uvrstili tudi v to asociacijo. Po celotni floristični sestavi so precej podobni tudi sestojem sintaksona Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis typicum, torej eni izmed oblik predalpskega jelovega-bukovja, opisani v istem območju. V ta sintakson teh sestojev za zdaj ne moremo uvrstiti, saj se v njih jelka pojavlja redko in zgolj posamično. Z imenom subasociacije in izborom razlikovalnih vrst smo pokazali na stik oz. podobnost sestojev asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum s sestoji
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dveh drugih asociacij, Arunco-Fagetum in Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum.Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, nove subasociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum arunceto-sum dioici je popis št. 3 v preglednici 6. Razlikujemo dve varianti. Varianta z vrsto Veratrum album označuje gozdove v zgornjem delu montanskega pasu, na svežih rastiščih. Njeni razlikovalnici sta vrsti Veratrum album in Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum. Varianta z vrsto Hedera helix, razlikovalnice so tudi vrste Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum, Galium odoratum in Helleborus odorus, označuje rastišča in sestoje v spodnjem montanskem pasu, ki so floristično nekoliko podobni tudi sestojem asociacij Lamio orvalae-Fagetum s. lat. in Hacquetio-Fagetum s. lat.
Nomenklaturni tip tipične subasociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum je isti, kot je nomenklaturni tip nove asociacije, to je popis št. 4 v preglednici 7. V njej združujemo sestoje altimontanskega pasu, na nadmorski višini med 900 m in 1370 m. Vse popise smo naredili na zelo strmih pobočjih nad Baško dolino, v osojni, a nekatare tudi v prisojni legi. Uspevajo v pasu, kjer sicer prevladuje altimontansko bukovje iz asociacije Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum. Primerjava z dvema oblikama te asociacije, kot sta ju opisala Ma-rinček & Čarni (2010) v istem fitogeografskem območju, kaže na očitne razlike (primerjaj preglednice 11 in 13, stolpce 11 in 12 ter 17 in 18). Za tipično obliko asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum so nasproti asociaciji Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum razlikovalne vrste reda Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae in razredov Trifolio-Geranietea in Elyno-Seslerietea. Vse diagnostične vrste asociacije so v sestojih tipične subasociacije pogoste. Poleg tipične variante, v katero uvrščamo predvsem sestoje na zelo strmih osojnih pobočjih, razlikujemo še dve varianti. Varianta z vrsto Calamagro-stis varia, razlikovalnice so tudi vrste Carex digitata, Carduus crassifolius in Laserpitium peucedanoides, označuje svetle sestoje na zelo strmih prisojnih in osojnih pobočjih s plitvimi tlemi na apnencu ali dolomitu z rožencem, glinavcem ali laporovcem v zgornji Baški dolini. Varianta s taksonom Primula veris subsp. colu-mnae označuje skrajna rastišča, v glavnem prisojna pobočja na apnencu z rožencem ali skoraj čistem rožencu na pobočjih nad srednjo in spodnjo Baško dolino (nad Rutom in pri pl. Kuk). Njene razlikoval-nice so tudi vrste Sesleria autumnalis, Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus in Anemone trifolia. Gozdovi te subasociacije so izključno varovalni, saj so to skrajna rastišča za uspevanje gozda.
Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, subasociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum rhododendretosum hirsuti je popis št. 1 v preglednici 8. Razlikovalnici subasociacije sta vrsti Rhododendron hirsutum in Clematis alpina.
Sestoje te subasociacije smo popisali v altimontanskem pasu, na nadmorski višini med 1100 m in 1200 m, večinoma na obeh straneh grebena med dolinama Zadlaščice in grapo Lipovščka. Po celotni floristični sestavi so ti sestoji precej podobni sestojem tukajšnje oblike asociacije Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum (Dakskobler 2003). Podrobna primerjava fitoceno-loških preglednic obeh sintaksonov, še posebej abundance (pogostnosti in srednjega zastiranja) diagnostičnih vrst, pokaže na očitne razlike. V sestojih asociacije Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum ima dlakavi sleč (Rhododendron hirsutum) navadno oceno srednjega zastiranja 1, 2 ali 3, v našem primeru pa le "r" ali "+". Morda ti popisi kažejo na določeno podobnost med sestoji dveh edafsko in reliefno pogojenih intraconal-nih asociacij, v smislu stopnjevanja skrajnosti rastišč.
V	preglednico 8 smo uvrstili še nekaj popisov, ki jih sinsistematsko za zdaj ne moremo podrobneje opredeliti. V numeričnih primerjavah so se združevali povsem ločeno od ostalih popisov. Popisi 13 do 15 v tej preglednici morda označujejo najbolj toploljubno obliko asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, na strmih prisojnih pobočjih in odprtih grebenih. Začasno jih vrednotimo kot provizorno subasociacijo Saxifrago cu-neifolii-Fagetum caricetosum humilis prov. Glede na skromno zastopanost diagnostičnih vrst obravnavane asociacije ti popisi lahko pripadajo celo novi asociaciji s provizornim imenom Carici humilis-Fagetum prov.
Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, subasociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni je popis št. 26 v preglednici 9. Razlikovalnica subasociacije je vrsta Fraxinus ornus, ki označuje popise na nekoliko nižji nadmorski višini, v montanskem pasu od 500 m do 1000 m. V njeni vrstni sestavi so prisotne tudi vrste, bolj značilne za podgorski pas, ki jih v sestojih tipične subasociacije nismo popisali, na primer vrste Hedera helix, Lonicera xylosteum, Acer campestre, Vinca minor.
V	primerjavi z njo so to nekoliko manj skrajna rastišča, lega je skoraj vedno osojna, tla so ponekod bolj razvita, s prehodi v rjava tla. Rastnost gozdov je zato nekoliko boljša in večinoma so to bolj ali manj gospodarski gozdovi, s poudarjeno varovalno vlogo. V preteklosti so jih ponekod močno sekali. Največje površine sestojev te subasociacije so na osojnih pobočjih nad grapo Ka-cenpoha pri Podbrdu in na osojnih pobočjih nad Žventarsko grapo pri Grantu. Med diagnostičnimi vrstami asociacije so nekoliko redkejše tiste, ki označujejo plitva tla in prhninasto rendzino, na primer vrste Campanula witasekiana, Carex humilis in Clino-podium vulgare. Tudi sestoji te subasociacije so po videzu in celotni floristični sestavi nekoliko podobni sestojem asociacije Arunco-Fagetum, a numerična primerjava očitno pokaže, da jih vanjo ne moremo uvrstiti.
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Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, nove subasociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum gymnocarpietosum dryop-teridis je popis št. 2 v preglednici 10. Razlikovalnice subasociacije so vrste Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Acer pseudoplatanus, Abies alba, Phyteuma ovatum, Actaea spicata, Polystichum aculeatum, Dryopteris affinis in Adoxa moschatellina. Označujejo zelo strma in kamnita pobočja na prevladujočem rožencu s plitvimi, precej zakisanimi in vlažnimi tlemi v montanskem pasu, na nadmorski višini med 600 m in 1000 m. Večino popisov smo naredili na osojnih pobočjih Jal-ovnika nad dolino Kneže, nekatere tudi na osojnih pobočjih grebena Koriška gora-Obloško brdo nad dolino Koritnice. To je najbolj kisloljubna oblika asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum.Kljub temu, da so tla ponekod distrična, teh popisov po celotni vrstni sestavi nikakor ne moremo uvrstiti v asociacijo Lu-zulo-Fagetum. Po floristični sestavi so nekoliko podobni sestojem sintaksona Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis typicum. Ob večjem deležu jelke tudi v drevesni plasti bi bilo mogoče podobne sestoje uvrstiti tudi v ta sintakson. Zdajšnje stanje nekaterih sestojev te subasociacije morda kaže na degradacijsko obliko nekdanjega jelovo-bukovega gozda. V preglednici 9 je še nekaj popisov, ki jih za zdaj sintaksonomsko ne moremo opredeliti in so se združevali ločeno od ostalih popisov. Popisa 14 in 15 morda nakazujeta posebno subasociacijo, -caricetosum albae prov. Razlikovalni vrsti sta Carex alba in Cornus mas. V drevesni plasti je ob bukvi precej črnega gabra in morda ta dva popisa kažeta tudi na stik s sestoji asociacije Ostryo-Fagetum, ki v raziskovanem območju prevladujejo na prisojnih pobočjih.
5.4 Zaključki
Bukove gozdove na strmih osojnih pobočjih z mešano geološko podlago (dolomit z roženci, ploščasti apnenec z roženci, laporovcem ali glinavcem) in plitvimi, kamnitimi tlemi v gorskem pasu Zgornjega Posočja smo do zdaj uvrščali v asociaciji Arunco-Fagetum in Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum. Obdelava obsežnega gradiva (več kot 200 fitocenoloških popisov) nam je omogočila boljše prepoznavanje značilnosti asociacije Arunco-Fa-getum tudi v zahodni Sloveniji. Na podlagi teh popisov smo lahko tipizirali novo geografsko varinato Arunco--Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia, ki je bila do zdaj opisana zgolj z nekaj stavki in brez podpore tabelarnega gradiva. Členili smo jo na dve geografski subvarianti, severnodinarsko (subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna) in južnoalpsko (subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium). Opisali smo več novih subasociacij: -caricetosum ferru-
gineae (severni rob Trnovskega gozda, stik s sestoji asociacije Omphalodo-Fagetum), -vincetosum minoris (Idrijsko in Cerkljansko hribovje, dolina Trebuše, podgorski in spodnji gorski pas) in -tilietosum (Tolminsko, podgorski pas, dolomit ali apnenec z roženci, sveža, nekoliko koluvialna tla). Kombinacijo diagnostičnih vrst asociacije Arunco-Fagetum dopolnjujemo z vrstama Veratrum nigrum in Tamus communis. Sestoji te asociacije so gospodarski, a pogosto s poudarjeno varovalno vlogo. Imajo tudi biotopski pomen, kot rastišča nekaterih redkih, varstveno pomembnih in (ali) zavarovanih vrst (Anonymous 2002, 2004) kot so Helleborus niger, H. odorus, Erythronium dens-canis, Galanthus nivalis, Lilium martagon, L. carniolicum, Listera ovata, Platanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera damaso-nium, C. longifolia, C. rubra, Neottia nidus-avis, Leuco-jum vernum, Epipactis helleborine, E. leptochila, E. mu-elleri, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Convallaria majalis, Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa, Ruscus aculeatus, Ilex aquifo-lium, Veratrum nigrum, Taxus baccata, Aconitum angustifolium, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, Primula x ternovania, Primula carniolica in Leucobryum glau-cum.
Pri numerični obdelavi našega fitocenološkega gradiva se je večja skupina popisov nedvomno združevala ločeno od popisov asociacije Arunco-Fagetum. Nekateri med njimi so floristično precej podobni sestojem asociacij Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum in Rho-dodendro hirsuti-Fagetum, nekateri pa od njih očitno različni. Označujejo montanski bukov gozd v višinskem pasu med (400) 500 m in 1300 (1400) m nm. v., precej skrajnih rastišč, zelo strmih osojnih pobočij na mešani geološki podlagi. Ta ni nikoli čisti dolomit ali apnenec, temveč je v podlagi vedno primes rožencev, glinavca ali laporovca. Posledično so tla plitva, skeletna, a tudi bolj vlažna in ponekod precej kisla. Drevesna vrsta, ki na takih rastiščih skoraj vedno spremlja bukev, je mokovec (Sorbus aria), prav tako alpski neg-noj (Laburnum alpinum), manj pogosto tudi gorski javor (Acer pseudoplatanus), črni gaber (Ostrya carpi-nifolia), mali jesen (Fraxinus ornus), jerebika (Sorbus aucuparia), smreka (Picea abies), macesen (Larix decidua) in redko jelka (Abies alba). V zelišni plasti po pogostnosti in površini, ki jo zastira, izstopa vrsta Cala-magrostis arundinacea, ob njej pa še številne druge vrste bukovih in smrekovih gozdov ter tudi vrste, značilne za toploljubne hrastove gozdove iz reda Quer-cetalia pubescenti-petraea, za toploljubne gozdne robove iz razreda Trifolio-Geranietea in za subalpinska travišča iz razreda Elyno-Seslerietea.Take bukove sestoje uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Saxifrago cuneifolii--Fagetum sylvaticae in jo označujemo kot edafsko in reliefno pogojeno intraconalno gozdno združbo južnih
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Julijskih Alp. Opisali smo več subasociacij, poleg tipične (-typicum) še subasociacije -aruncetosum (mon-tanska oblika na dolomitu z roženci, nekoliko podobna tudi sestojem asociacij Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum in Arunco-Fagetum), -fraxinetosum orni, ki označuje sestoje v višinskem pasu med 500 m in 1000 m nm. v., -rhododendretosum hirsuti, ki kaže na sindinamsko povezanost s sestoji asociacije Rhododendro hirsuti-Fa-getum in subasociacijo -gymnocarpietosum dryopteri-dis, ki je najbolj kisloljubna oblika nove asociacije, na pobočjih, kjer prevladuje roženec. Nekateri sestoji asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum so gospodarski in imajo poudarjeno varovalno vlogo, tisti na zelo strmih pobočjih v altimontanskem pasu pa so izključno varovalni, tudi s pomembno biotopsko vlogo, kot življenjski prostor nekaterih varstveno pomembnih,
redkih ali zavarovanih praprotnic in semenk (Anonymous 2002, 2004) kot so Leucobryum glaucum, Cephalanthera damasonium, C. longifolia, C. rubra, Corallorhiza trifida, Neottia nidus-avis, Epipactis helle-borine, E. leptochila, E. atrorubens, Platanthera bifolia, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Listera ovata, Huperzia selago, Li-lium carniolicum, L. martagon, Iris graminea, Asphode-lus albus, Arabis pauciflora, Aconitum angustifolium, Taxus baccata, Veratrum nigrum, Primula auricula in Hieracium pospichalii. Po tipologiji gozdnih rastišč Slovenije (Kutnar et al. 2012) asociacijo Saxifrago cu-neifolii-Fagetum uvrščamo v skupino gorsko-zgornje-gorskih bukovij na karbonatnih in mešanih kamninah kot nov gozdni rastiščni tip Bukovje s klinolistnim kamnokrečem. Njegove zdaj znane površine ocenjujemo na okoli 500 hektarov.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - ZAHVALA
Iztok Sajko prepared Figures 6 and 8 for print. Mag. Boško Čušin, Dr. Andrej Rozman and Dr. Branko Vreš helped with the relevés of the stands of the association Arunco-Fagetum in the Dolenjska region and on Donačka Gora. Dr. Aleksander Marinšek provided the so far unpublished phytosociological table of forests on Donačka Gora. I am very grateful to Academician Dr. Mitja Zupančič and Dr. Lado Kutnar for their insights
and peer review. Sincere thanks also to Prof. Dr. JeanPaul Theurillat and Prof. Dr. Dan Gafta for their valuable help with the validity and use of the names of the syntaxa Calamagrostio arundinacea-Fagetum and Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum and to Dr. Branko Vreš who helped me with the distribution of the taxa Saxifraga cuneifolia and Laserpitium krapfii in Slovenia. English translation by Andreja Šalamon Verbič.
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1 Stand of the syntaxon Arunco-Fagetum vincetosum minoris in the Trebuša Valley
1 Sestoj sintaksona Arunco-Fagetum vincetosum minoris v dolini Trebuše
2 Stand of the syntaxon Arunco-Fagetum tilietosum, Kozlov Rob near Tolmin 2 Sestoj sintaksona Arunco-Fagetum tilietosum, Kozlov rob pri Tolminu
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6a Slopes of Šoštar above the Linderpoh gorge, stands of the syntaxon Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum 6a Pobočja Šoštarja nad Linderpohom, sestoji sintaksona Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum
6b Bizle above Rut, stands of the syntaxon Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum 6b Bizle nad Rutom, sestoji sintaksona Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum
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7 Stand of the syntaxon Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni, Trtnikarski Gozd near Šprickovbl 7 Sestoj sintaksona Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni, Trtnikarski gozd pri Šprickovblu
8 Stand of the syntaxon Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum, slopes of Krikov Vrh above the Mirna Grapa gorge 8 Sestoj sintaksona Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum, pobočja Krikovega vrha nad Mirno grapo
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Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of releve (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m)
Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovnaplast) Maximum diameter ot trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Releve area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
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El	50 60 60 60 60 70 50 70 30 50 40 50 30 50 60 40 40 40 40 70 50 50 70 50 50 50 40 40 60 20 50 50 20 40 20 60 50 70 80 70 70
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m 32 29 30 30 27 22 27 19 25 25 25 22 28 30 25 34 20 24 28 30 24 25 24 26 26 26 24 22 26 22 25 27 20 20 20 22 28 30 28 28 26
70 65 61 48 41 46 58 54 61 39 41 36 46 48 51 49 52 51 64 61 64 72 61 60 73 49 49 62 53 66 41 54 18 45 32 54 82 63 74 81 76 9 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo rn ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

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Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)
AF Helleborus niger	E1 .. + 1..1.+ + +
TA Aruncus dioicus	E1 +.....+ + +..
FS Prenanthes purpurea	E1 111111 + + +..
..121112 + 1122122+1
+ + + + +. 1 + +.++.....+
+ . + . + .+ +..........
1 + 1
+ . +
Pr.	Fr.
26	63
+ 18	44
16	39
•n
O
t-; >
w
O t-1 o
2
o >
tu ^
O tu O t-1 O
2
o >
Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa)	1 2 3 4 5 6
Fs Epipactis helleborine	E1	.+ + + + +
QF Spiraea chamaedryfolia	E2a......
VP Rosa pendulina	E2a	+. + ...
QP Tamus communis	El	......
MuA Phyteuma ovatum	El	......
Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
.......+ ....++..................
.........+......1++........+ +..+ +
. . +......................r+....+
.........r. .++. + .. +.............
.........................+......
AF AF FS TA AF AF AF FS
FS FS FS FS ES TR QF QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QF TG TG AF
. + + + + + + 1 1 1
+ .
r 1
+ +
Anemone trifolia	El
Omphalodes verna	El
Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum	El
Tephroseris longifolia	El
Rhamnus fallax	E2
Potentilla carniolica	El
Scopolia carniolica	El
Lathyrus vermis subsp. flaccidus	El
Differential species of the subassociations (Razlikovalnice subasociacij)
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + +
1 1 1
+ + +
+
+	1111
+	. . . 1
.	+ + + .
.	. . + +
+	. . . .
.	. . . +
+	+ + + 1 1 1 1
1	....++ 1
+ +.....+
+	.+ + + + +.
112	1
+ + +	2
. + +	.
. . +	1
+
+
1 +
Laburnum alpinum Laburnum alpinum Laburnum alpinum Laburnum alpinum Carex ferruginea Adenostyles glabra Vinca minor Fraxinus ornus Praxinus ornus Praxinus ornus Praxinus ornus Praxinus ornus Ostrya carpinifolia Ostrya carpinifolia Ostrya carpinifolia Ostrya carpinifolia Veratrum nigrum Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Campanula rapunculoides Aremonio-Fagion Cyclamen purpurascens Cardamine enneaphyllos Cardamine trifolia Euphorbia carniolica Lamium orvala Hacquetia epipactis Knautia drymeia Geranium nodosum Daphne laureola Anemone xpittonii Aremonia agrimonoides EC Erythronio-Carpinion Primula vulgaris Helleborus odorus Erythronium dens-canis Lonicera caprifolium Lonicera caprifolium Galanthus nivalis TA Tilio-Acerion
Polystichum aculeatum Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
E2a
El
El
El
El
El
E2a
El
El
El
E3b E3a
1	+	+
2	1	1
+	+	+
+	+	+
+	.	+
.	.	1
+ + 1 1
+ 1
2 2 + +
1 1
1 1
+ +
1 + 1 + 11 111111
. + + + + + . . . + . . . 1 + + 1 + . . . + . .
+ 1	+ +	+ + +
1 +	1 +	111
.+	+ +	+11
+ +	+ +	+ + .
. r	. +	+ 2 1
. +	11	+ +.
1	1
2	2
+	+
+	.
+	.
+	.
1 1 1
2 + .
1 1
+ +
1 + . 1
+ + . + + +
1 + +
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1 1
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1 1 1 1 + + + + + 1
+ 1 1
1 1
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1 + . + + 1 + 1
r . . +
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. + .+ + + + +
+ 1
+ + 1 1 1 + + + 1 1
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+ + + + 11..
2 1
Pr. Fr. 8 20 8 20 17 12 2
El				+		+		1	1				1	1	3	1			+	1	1	.	1	1	+	2	1	1		1	2	2	1	2
E3b			. . +			1																							1	+				
E3a				+			+	r	r	r		+									. r .					+			2	+			+	+
E2b			. . +				+						+		r										+	+	+		1				+	1
E2a								r		+			+		+		+	+						+	+						+	+		+
El	+	+ + . .	. + +		+			+	+	+	r	+	+			+		+	r						+	+	+	+						
E3b				+	+	2	1			+	1	2				+	+		r		r r r					+	+		1	r				+
E3a				+	1		+	r			+					+	+	+	+	+		+		+		+	+	+	+				+	+
E2b	r																	r																
E2a																																	+	
El				r	1	1		+	+				r	+	1	1	1	+	+	1		+	r							+				1
El		r . . .						r		+	r	+	+		+		+	+	+			+				+		+						+
El								r								+	+			+		+	+			1	r	+						+
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r +	+ + +	1
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+ .	11+ +
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5 1
30 29 19
13 10
6
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5
4 2 10
7 7
23 4 12 10 11
19 18 18 2 1
17 42
14	34 10 24
40	98
39	95
26	63
20	49 20	49 16	39
+ +11
+ + + +
1 . . .
73 71 46 32 24 15 7 2
12
10
5
24 17 17
56 10 29 24 27 46 44 44 5 2
12
10
7 5 2
35 85 5 12
10 10
2 2
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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)	1 2 3 4 5
Picea abies	El .....
Abies alba	E3b . r r .
Abies alba	E3a	r . . r .
Abies alba	E2b.....
Abies alba	El	. + + . .
Vaccinium myrtillus	El .....
Maianthemum bifolium	El .....
Saxifraga cuneifolia	El .....
Clematis alpina	E2 .....
Gymnocarpiitm dryopteris	El .....
Lonicera nigra	E2a	r ... .
Calatnagrostis arundinacea	El .....
Phegopteris connectilis	El .....
SSC Sambuco-Salicion capreae
Sorbas aucuparia	El	+ . . . . RP Rhamno-Prunetea
Crataegus monogyna	E3a.....
Crataegus monogyna	E2a.....
Crataegus monogyna	E2b.....
Crataegus monogyna	El .....
Berberís vulgaris	E2b.....
Berberís vulgaris	E2a.....
Cornus sanguínea	E2b.....
Cornus sanguínea	E2a.....
Cornus sanguínea	El .....
Euonymus europaea	E2a.....
Viburnum lantana	E2a.....
Ligustrum vulgare	E2a.....
TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Digitalis grandiflora	El .....
Lilium carniolicum	El .....
Clinopodium vulgare	El	. + . . .
Viola hirta	El .....
Laserpitium latifolium	El .....
Verbascum lanatum	El .....
EA Epilobietea angustifolii
Eupatorium cannabinum	El	+ + + . .
Fragaria vesca	El .....
BA Betulo-Alnetea viridis
Salix glabra	E2a.....
MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Senecio ovatus	El	+.111
Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat.	El	+1.11
Athyrium filix-femina	El	+ + . . .
Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum	El	. + . . .
Polygonatum verticillatum	El	1 + + + +
Veratrum album s. lat.	El .....
Centaurea montana	El	. + + . .
Chaerophyllum hirsutum	El .....
ES Elyno-Seslerietea Betónica alopecuros Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaría Aster bellidiastrum Laserpitium peucedanoides FB Festuco-Brometea
Carex humilis	El
7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 ..........................+ . . . + .
Pr. Fr.
5 12
1 +
+ + + +
+ + 1
31
22 15 9 5 4 3 1
5 2 7 2 2 7 5 7 2 5 5 2
12
7 2 2 2 2
10
2
76 58 37 22 12 10 7 2
El		. . + . . .	. . . r . . .	. . . +.........	..........3	7
El				. . . . +........	........1+3	7
El	. r . .				..........1	2
El		. . + . . .			..........1	2
OJ

o
M
>
td
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M
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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Angelica sylvestris	El
Cirsium oleraceum	El TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Gymnocarpium robertianum	El
Astrantia carniolica	El
Hieracium bifid um	El AT Asplenietea trichomanis
Asplenium viride	El
Asplenium trichomanes	El
Asplenium ruta-muraria	El
Moehringia muscosa	El
Paederota lutea	El
Polypodium vulgare	El
Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae	El
Cystopteris fragilis	El
Carex brachystachys	El
Primula carniolica	El ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji)
Ctenidium molluscum	EO
Neckera crispa	EO
Pissidens dubius	EO
Polytrichum formosum	EO
Plagiochila porelloides	EO
Tortella tortuosa	EO
Isothecium alopecuroides	EO
Schistidium apocarpum	EO
Encalypta streptocarpa	EO
Peltigera canina	EO
Bartramia halleriana	EO
Marchantía polymorpha	EO
Eurhynchium angustirete	EO
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus	EO
Mnium thomsonii	EO
Metzgeriafareata	EO
Thuidium tamariscinum	EO
Brachythecium rutabulum	EO
Cladonia pyxidata	EO
Plagiothecium sp.	EO
Homalothecium philippeanum	EO
Hypnum cupressiforme	EO
Atrichum undulatum	EO
Thuidium delicatulum	EO
Bryum capillare	EO
Pissidens taxifolius	EO
Dicranum scoparium	EO
Mnium marginatum	EO
Conocephalum conicum	EO
Anomodon viticulosus	EO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
+ + + .
+ + 1 +
+ + + .
+ + + +
+ + + .
+ .
+ +
+ +
+ . + .
.	+
+	.
+	+
.	+
+ + 1 + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ . + . . . + + . . +.....
+
. + + + + . . . + + + + . + +
+ + . +
+
.	1	+	.
+	.	+	.
+	+ +	+
.	.	.	+
+	+
+	+	.
+	+	+
.	+	.
.	.	+
.	+	+
+ 1
1	1
. +	1
. +	+
+ +	+
. +	+
+ .	.
1 1
+ +
. +
1	1	+	+ + 1
+	+	+	+ +	+
.	.	+	.	+	+
+	+	+	.	.	+
.	1	.	.	.	.
+ +
+ + . +
. +
+ +
1	+	+	+	1
1	+	+	+	1
.	+	+	+	+
.	+	+	+	.
.	+	+	.	+
.	+	+	+	.
+	+	.	+	.
+	1	+	1	+ +	.
+	+	+	+ +	+	.
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+	+	+	+ .	+	+
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+	+.....
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+ +
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+ +
+
.	+
+	.
+	+
.	+
.	+
+	.
.	+
Legend - Legenda D Dolomite - dolomit
DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem DL Dolomite with marlstone - dolomit z laporoveem DA Dolmite limestone - dolomitiziran apnenec Ko Conglomerate - konglomerat Re Rendzina - rendzina
Pr.	Fr.
3	7
1	2
16	39
3	7
1	2
21	51
18	44
12	29
11	27
10	24
9	22
6	15
2	5
2	5
1	2
38	93
35	85
23	56
19	46
13	32
12	29
10	24
8	20
4	10
3	7
3	7
3	7
3	7
3	7
2	5
2	5
2	5
2	5
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
1	2
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Table 2 (Preglednica 2): Arunco-Fagetum tilietosum
•n
O
t-; >
td
O t-1 O
2
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ta ^
O ta O t-1 O
2
n >
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m)
Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast) Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
Locality (Nahajališče)
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate GK Y (D-48)
Coordinate GK X (D-48)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32
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	30	30	40	10	20	10	30	20	20	30	30	50	30	10	70	60	30	10	20	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	20	10	40	10	5	10
E3b	80	80	80	70	90	60	80	60	80	70	70	90	90	90	80	90	90	70	70	80	70	90	80	100 80		80	90	70	90	100 90		100
E3a		20	10	30		30	10	40	20	20	20	10	10	10	10	10	5	20	30	10	20	10	10	10	20	20	10	30	10	10	10	10
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El	50	70	50	60	70	50	40	60	50	40	50	60	60	70	50	50	60	40	70	70	70	70	70	60	70	70	70	80	70	70	90	80
E0	10	20	30	10	10	5	15	10	10	10	10	20	10	5	20	10	10	5	15	5	20	10	10	10	10	10	20	10	10	5	5	5
cm	35	35	40	35	35	30	35	35	30	30	35	40	35	40	40	40	40	35	45	50	40	40	40	45	40	40	40	40	40	50	45	60
16 19 22 20 18 20 20 18 20 20 20 25 20 24 25 2 22 22 28 30 25 24 27 24 22 24 24 22 25 24 22 35
68 70 61 69 60 69 71 68 68 68 71 69 47 44 60 54 49 59 86 68 65 77 56 69 70 59 79 86 66 49 45 36 200400200400400400400400400400400400400400400400400200400400400400400400400400200400400400400400
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Table 3 (Preglednica 3): Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast) Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
	l	2	3	4	6	5	7	8	9	l0	ll	l2	l3
	3 6	4 6	5 l7	0 0 5	6 6 6 9 4 2	2 l8	4 4 5 5 5 2	3 3 0	5 3 0 3 2 2	223037	9 0 5	223067	2 7 2
	l2 2	l2 2	82 2	l4 2		22 2		32 2			55 2		64 2
	900	880	260	830	570	580	540	420	420	350	560	1050 590	
	N	N N	E N N	E	NE	N	NE	NE	N	E S	SEE	NE	E N N
	45	40	45	40	35	35	35	30	35	35	30	40	30
	AR	AR	D	D	D	D	DR	DA	D	D	AR	DR	D
	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re
	30	20	20	l0	5	l0	l5	25	5	l0	40	50	0
E3b	80	90	80	80	90	80	70	80	70	60	90	90	80
E3a	20	5	l0	l0	l0	l0	20	20	20	20	5	l0	l0
E2	l0	5	20	l0	30	l0	20	l0	5	20	5	5	20
El	60	70	60	60	60	60	80	80	70	70	30	30	40
E0	20	l0	5	5	5	20	20	l0	l0	l0	5	l0	5
cm	30	45	40	35	45	45	30	30	30	30	45	40	40
m	20	26	l8	20	27	22	l5	l8	l8	l6	20	24	25
m2	58	49	62	35	64	64	89	80	75	62	43	4l	77
	400	400	200	200	400	200	400	200	200	200 400 400 400			
	8 0 0 (n	8 0 0 (n	4 0 0 (n	l0 (n	3 l0 (n	6 9 9	l9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	l9 9	8 9 9	2 l0 (n
	(n (n	(n (n	(n (n	(n	cR (n	md	cl	(n	(n	(n		(n	(n
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Locality (Nahajališče)
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Coordinate GK Y (D-48)
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Coordinate GK X (D-48)
Ln m m
Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)
TA	Aruncus dioicus MuA Phyteuma ovatum
VP	Rosa pendulina
QF	Veratrum nigrum
FS	Prenanthes purpurea
FS	Epipactis helleborine
AF	Helleborus niger
QF	Tamus communis
QF	Spiraea chamaedryfolia
VP	Laserpitium krapfii
El
El
E2a
El
El
El
El
El
E2a
El
Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)
AF Anemone trifolia	E1 .
AF Omphalodes verna	E1 .
QF Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus	E1 .
Differential species of lower units (Razlikovalne vrste nižjih enot)
FS Cardamine pentaphyllos	El
MuA Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum	El
TR Gymnocarpium robertianum	El
TG Campanula rapunculoides	El
ES Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria	E1
TG Vincetoxicum hirundinaria	E1
QP Convallaria majalis	El
EP Rubus saxatilis	El
FS Luzula nivea	El
MuA Aconitum angustifolium	El
QF Vinca minor	El
AF Epimedium alpinum	El
m m m Ln
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+		+	+	
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	l	+	+	1
+	1	2		1
+ 1
Pr. 6 5
5 4 4
4 3 2 l l
7 3 l
3
3
6 6 6
5 5
4 4 4 4 2
Fr. 46 38 38 3l 3l 3l 23 l5
54 23
23 23 46 46 46 38 38 3l 3l 3l 3l l5
m
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FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015 io3
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
AF Aremonio-Fagion
Cyclamen purpurascens Cardamine enneaphyllos Euphorbia carniolica Knautia drymeia Geranium nodosum Lamium orvala Rhamnus fallax Daphne laureola Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus Potentilla carniolica Cardamine trifolia Hacquetia epipactis
EC Erythronio-Carpinion Primula vulgaris Helleborus odorus Galanthus nivalis Erythronium dens-canis
TA Tilio-Acerion
Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Polystichum aculeatum Ulmus glabra Ulmus glabra Ulmus glabra Phyllitis scolopendrium Acer platanoides Acer platanoides Acer platanoides Acer platanoides Acer platanoides Tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Tephroseris pseudocrispa Lunaria rediviva Scrophularia vernalis Adoxa moschatellina Euonymus latifolia Juglans regia
FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Dryopteris filix-mas Mercurialis perennis Lathyrus vernus subsp. vernus Salvia glutinosa
Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum
Galium laevigatum
Daphne mezereum
Melica nutans
Actaea spicata
Lonicera alpigena
Mycelis muralis
Neottia nidus-avis
Galeobdolon flavidum
Laburnum alpinum
Laburnum alpinum
Laburnum alpinum
Laburnum alpinum
Laburnum alpinum
Polygonatum multiflorum
Viola reichenbachiana
Cardamine bulbifera
Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra
Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata
2 3 4 6 S y
9 lO ll l2 is Pr. Fr.
El
El
El
El
El
El
E2
E2a
El
El
El
El
El El El El
E3b
E3a
E2b
E2a
El
El
E3b
E2a
El
El
E3b
E3a
E2b
E2a
El
E3b
E3a
El
El
El
El
El
El
E2b
E2a
E3b
E3a
E2b
E2a
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
E2a
El
El
E2
El
El
El
E3b
E3a
E2b
E2a
El
El
El
El
E2b
E2a
E3b
E3a
E2b
E2a
El
l	+	+	l
2	l	l	
+		+	l
+		+	+
+	+		+
l + l
+ + + .
ll
												+
4	4	3	3	S	S	4	4	4	4	S	S	3
+	+	l		+	l	l				l	l	l
+		+	+		l	+	l	+		l	l	l
				l		+				l		+
	+				+					+		
+	l	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	l	+
l	l	+	l	l	+	l	+	+			+	l
	+	l	+		+	+	+	l	+	+		+
+	+	l	+	l	+	+		+		+		+
l	+			l		l	l	+	l	2		+
+		l		l		l		+	+	l	+	l
+		+	+	l		+	+				+	+
+		+			+	+	+					+
+	+					+	l	+				
+			+	2		+					+	
+	+		+		+					+		
		+	+					+	+	+		
	+			+	+							+
ll
5
y
3 2 2 2 2 l l l l
9
4
3 l
6
4 l
2 y
y
l
2 3
3 2 2 l 2 2 2 l l 2 2 l l l l l
l3
9
10
4
3 l2
11 lO lO 9 9
5
6 S S S S
4 l 4 l 4 4 4 4 3 l 3 3 2 2 2 l
SS 62 S4 23 lS lS lS lS
69 3l 23
46 3l S lS S4 S4 S lS 23 23 lS lS S lS lS lS
lS lS
lOO
69
yy
3l
23 92 SS
yy yy
69 69 62 46 3S 3S 3S 3S 3l S 3l S 3l 3l 3l 3l 23 S
23 23 lS lS lS
l
S
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Euphorbia amygdaloides	E1
Campanula trachelium	E1
Fraxinus excelsior	E3b
Fraxinus excelsior	E2a
Fraxinus excelsior	E1
Poa nemoralis	E1
Scrophularia nodosa	E1
Carpinus betulus	E3a
Euphorbia dulcis	E1
Epilobium montanum	E1
Festuca altissima	E1
Galium odoratum	E1
Paris quadrifolia	E1
Prunus avium	E2a
Symphytum tuberosum	E1
Lilium martagon	E1
Pulmonaria officinalis	E1
Allium ursinum	E1
Carex sylvatica	E1
Cephalanthera damasonium	E1
Heracleum sphondylium	E1 QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae
Fraxinus ornus	E3a
Fraxinus ornus	E2b
Fraxinus ornus	E2a
Fraxinus ornus	E1
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3b
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3a
Ostrya carpinifolia	E2b
Sorbus aria	E3b
Sorbus aria	E3a
Sorbus aria	E2b
Sorbus aria	E2a
Sorbus aria	E1
Melittis melissophyllum	E1
Euonymus verrucosa	E2a
Tanacetum corymbosum	E1
Primula x ternovania	E1
Cephalanthera rubra	E1
Campanula persicifolia	E1
Cornus mas	E3a
Cornus mas	E2b
Cnidium silaifolium	E1
Epipactis muelleri	E1
Hypericum montanum	E1
Sesleria autumnalis	E1
Calamintha sylvatica	E1
Piptatherum virescens	E1
Asparagus tenuifolius	E1 QR Quercetalia roboris
Pteridium aquilinum	E1
Serratula tinctoria	E1
Quercus petraea	E1
Hieracium racemosum	E1
Betula pendula	E3b
Betonica officinalis	E1 QF Querco-Fagetea
Carex digitata	E1
Hepatica nobilis	E1
Hedera helix	E3a
Hedera helix	E2b
Hedera helix	E1
Corylus avellana	E2b
Corylus avellana	E2a
Lonicera xylosteum	E2a
Festuca heterophylla	E1
Clematis vitalba	E2
Viburnum opulus	E2a
Anemone nemorosa	E1
Viola mirabilis	E1
Rubus caesius	E2a
Viola riviniana	E1
Acer campestre	E1
Cephalanthera longifolia	E1
Taxus baccata	E3a
Taxus baccata	E2b
Taxus baccata	E1 EP Erico-Pinetea
3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pr. Fr.
+	+	+	+	1
+		2		+
+		2	+	+
		+	+	
2			+	2
			+	
+				
		1	
+		1	+
+	+	+	
r	+		+
+	+		
+	+	+	+
		+	+
	+		+
			+
	+		
			+
	+	3	23
+.		3	23
	+	2	15
	+	1	8
		2	15
		2	15
+.		2	15
+.		2	15
1.		2 1	15 8
1
2
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Carex alba Calamagrostis varia Cirsium erisithales Aquilegia nigricans Rhododendron hirsutum Buphthalmum salicifolium Peucedanum austriacum Erica carnea Polygala chamaebuxus Pinus nigra VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Veronica urticifolia Hieracium murorum Solidago virgaurea Valeriana tripteris Gentiana asclepiadea Homogyne sylvestris Oxalis acetosella Saxifraga cuneifolia Aposeris foetida Luzula luzuloides Picea abies Picea abies Picea abies Picea abies
Calamagrostis arundinacea Maianthemum bifolium Vaccinium myrtillus Huperzia selago Abies alba Abies alba SSc Sambuco-Salicion capreae
Sorbus aucuparia RP Rhamno-Prunetea Cornus sanguinea Crataegus monogyna Euonymus europaea Rubus fruticosus agg. TG Trifolio-Geranietea Digitalis grandiflora Verbascum lanatum Anthericum ramosum Thalictrum minus Lilium carniolicum Origanum vulgare Vicia sylvatica Epilobietea angustifolii Urtica dioica Fragaria vesca Galeopsis speciosa
Betulo-Alnetea viridis
Salix appendiculata Salix glabra MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Senecio ovatus Athyrium filix-femina Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat. Centaurea montana Milium effusum Saxifraga rotundifolia Veratrum album s. lat. ES Elyno-Seslerietea
Phyteuma orbiculare FB Festuco-Brometea
Peucedanum oreoselinum MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Ajuga reptans Taraxacum officinale Veronica chamaedrys Cirsium oleraceum TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Adenostyles glabra Cerastium subtriflorum AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium trichomanes Asplenium viride Asplenium ruta-muraria Polypodium vulgare
2 3 4 6 S 7
EA
BA
El
El
El
El
E2a
El
El
El
El
E3a
E3b
E3a
E2b
E2a
El
El
El
El
E2b
El
E2a
E2b E2b E2a E2a
El El El El El El El
El El El
E2a E2a
El El El El El El El
El
El
El El El El
El El
El	l	t	t	.l	t	l	t
El	t			t	t	t	t
El				.l	t		t
El				t	t	t	
El				t	t		t
El				.l	l		t
El	t	t				t	t
El	l	t			t	l	l
El					l	t	t
El	t	t				l	
t t t
22 t t
t t t
9 lO ll l2 Is l
Pr. Fr.
t
t l
t .
t t
t t t .
t
. t .
t . t .
.l
t l
t t l l
t
S lS
62 3S 23 lS
lS
El	t	t	t	t	t	l	t			t	t	9	69
El	t	t	t	t	t			t			l.	7	S4
El			t	t	t		t		t		t	6	46
El		t			t	l		t	t			S	3S
l
S
l
t
t
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Moehringia muscosa Cystopteris fragilis Campanula carnica Cardaminopsis arenosa ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Ctenidium molluscum Fissidens dubius Neckera crispa Polytrichum formosum Isothecium alopecuroides Metzgeria furcata Plagiothecium denticulatum Schistidium apocarpum Hypnum cupressiforme Tortella tortuosa Thuidium tamariscinum Eurhynchium angustirete Plagiochila porelloides Dicranum scoparium Peltigera canina Atrichum undulatum Bartramia halleriana Plagiothecium nemorale Neckera complanata Leucobryum glaucum Bryum capillare Brachythecium rutabulum Marchantia polymorpha Mnium thomsonii Isothecium myosuroides Plagiomnium undulatum Homalothecium sericeum Cladonia furcata Collema cristatum Thuidium delicatulum Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme Thamnobryum alopecurum Brachythecium velutinum Porella platyphylla Conocephalum conicum Rhizomnium punctatum Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus
E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0
	l	2	3	4	6	S	7	8	9	l0	ll	l2	l3	Pr.	Fr.
El			+	+			+		+					4	3l
El	+			+										2	lS
El							+					+		2	lS
El			+											l	8
E0	l	+	+	+	+	l	+		l	l		+		l0	77
E0	l		+			+	+	+	+	+		l	+	9	69
E0	+				+	+	+	2	l	+		+	+	9	69
E0	+				+	+	+			+		l	+	7	S4
E0	l				+			l	+	l	+			6	46
E0						+	+	+	+	+				S	38
E0						+	l	+	l		+			S	38
E0		+				+		+			+			S	38
E0	+					+	l						+	4	3l
E0						+		+	+					4	3l
E0					+		l						+	3	23
E0							+	+	+					3	23
E0							+	+				l		3	23
E0	+						+							2	lS
E0	+							+						2	lS
E0	+											+		2	lS
E0					+				+					2	lS
E0						+					+			2	lS
E0							+				+			2	lS
E0												+	+	2	lS
Legend - Legenda
AR Limestone with chert - apnenec z rožencem D Dolomite - dolomit
DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem DA Dolomite limestone - dolomitni apnenec Re Rendzina - rendzina
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 4 (Preglednica 4): Arunco-Fagetum, Dolenjska
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %)
Cover in % (Zastiranje v %):
Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast)
Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast)
Shrub layer (Grmovna plast)
Herb layer (Zeliščna plast)
Moss layer (Mahovna plast)
Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
	l	2	S	4	S	6
	o 7 2 S S 2	6 7 8 9 4 2	24892l	5 8 6 2 S 2	S 7 8 9 4 2	2 6 4 8 4 2
	270	660	6S0	820	820	920
	N	NW	NE	NW	NW	NE
	2S	SO	SO	4S	SO	40
	D	D	D	D	D	D
	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re
	S	S	S	S	S	20
ESb	80	70	90	80	80	80
ESa	S	l	S	20	2	10
E2	SO	SO	10	10	10	20
El	SO	70	70	70	80	60
EO	S	S	10	S	S	10
cm	60	26	SS	60	60	SS
m	SO	SO	SO	2S	28	l8
m2	7S	49	80	69	7S	SS
	900	400	600	400	400	200
	o	S	S	4l	S	S
	o (N	o (N	o (N	o (N	o (N	l0 (N
	(N	(N (N	(N	(N (N	(N (N	CO (N
						
Locality (Nahajališče)
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate GK Y (D-48)
Coordinate GK X (D-48)
ku
O Sh
ae N-S
b o K
e v
-o es
3 P
¡S3
leV
P 4
	Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)								Pr.	Fr.
AF	Helleborus niger	El	+	l	+	+	l	l	6	l00
QP	Tamus communis	El	+	+		+	l		4	67
FS	Prenanthes purpurea	El			l	+	+	l	4	67
VP	Rosa pendulina	E2a			+	+	+	l	4	67
MuA	Phyteuma ovatum	El			l	+	+		S	S0
TA	Aruncus dioicus	El	+						l	l7
QF	Veratrum nigrum	El	+						l	l7
FS	Epipactis helleborine	El			+				l	l7
QF	Spiraea chamaedryfolia Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)	E2a			+				l	l7
AF	Ruscus hypoglossum	E2a			l		r		2	SS
AF	Anemone trfolia Differential species of lower units (Razlikovalnice nižjih enot)	El	+						l	l7
VP	Homogyne sylvestris	El			1	+	+	1	4	67
VP	Gentiana asclepiadea	El			+	+	+	+	4	67
AF	Aremonio-Fagion									
	Cyclamen purpurascens	El	+	+	+	+	+	+	6	l00
	Cardamine enneaphyllos	El	l	l	l	l	l		S	8S
	Hacquetia epipactis	El	+	l	+	+			4	67
	Cardamine trifolia	El	l				+	+	S	S0
	Euphorbia carniolica	El	+		+		+		S	S0
	Lamium orvala	El	l				+		S	S0
	Epimedium alpinum	El	+		+				2	SS
	Daphne laureola	E2a					+		2	SS
	Potentilla carniolica	El			+				2	SS
	Aremonia agrimonoides	El			+		+		2	SS
	Omphalodes verna	El							l	l7
	Calamintha grandiflora	El					l		l	l7
	Vicia oroboides	El					+		l	l7
	Knautia drymeia	El						+	l	l7
EC	Erythronio-Carpinion									
	Primula vulgaris	El	+	+			+		S	S0
	Lonicera caprifolium	E2a	+						l	l7
m
m
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 
- 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
TA
FS
QP
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)		1	2	3	4	S	6	Pr.	Fr.
Tilio-Acerion									
Acer pseudoplatanus	E3b		+	+	1	+		4	67
Acer pseudoplatanus	E3a	1		+	+	+	+	S	83
Acer pseudoplatanus	E2b	1			+			2	33
Acer pseudoplatanus	E2a		1			+		2	33
Acer pseudoplatanus	E1	+	2	+	1	1	+	6	100
Polystichum aculeatum	E1	1	1	2	1	+	+	6	100
Ulmus glabra	E3b		+			+		2	33
Ulmus glabra	E3a	+						1	17
Ulmus glabra	E2b			+				1	17
Ulmus glabra	E2a		+					1	17
Ulmus glabra	E1	+	+	+		+		4	67
Tephroseris longifolia	E1	+			+	+		3	S0
Acer platanoides	E3b			+	+			2	33
Acer platanoides	E3a	+						1	17
Acer platanoides	E2b	+						1	17
Acer platanoides	E1	+		+				2	33
Arum maculatum	E1	+	+					2	33
Euonymus latifolia	E2a			+		+		2	33
Staphylea pinnata	E2	2						1	17
Lunaria rediviva	E1	+						1	17
Tilia platyphyllos	E3b	+						1	17
Tilia platyphyllos	E1	+						1	17
Phyllitis scolopendrium	E1	+						1	17
Dryopteris affinis	E1			+				1	17
Polystichum x bicknellii	E1			+				1	17
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	E1				+			1	17
Fagetalia sylvaticae									
Fagus sylvatica	E3b	S	4	S	4	4	4	6	100
Fagus sylvatica	E3a	1		1	+	+	+	S	83
Fagus sylvatica	E2b		+	1	+	+		4	67
Fagus sylvatica	E2a		2	+	1		+	4	67
Fagus sylvatica	E1				1	+		2	33
Mercurialis perennis	E1	1		2	2	2	1	S	83
Galeobdolon flavidum	E1	1	+	+	+	+		S	83
Polygonatum multiflorum	E1	+	+	+	+	+		S	83
Dryopteris filix-mas	E1	+	+	+	+	+		S	83
Lonicera alpigena	E2a		1	1	1	2	+	S	83
Symphytum tuberosum	E1	+	+		+	1		4	67
Neottia nidus-avis	E1	+		+	+	+		4	67
Daphne mezereum	E2a			+	+	+	+	4	67
Sambucus nigra	E2	1	+		+			3	S0
Asarum europaeum subsp. europaeum	E1	+		1		+		3	S0
Mycelis muralis	E1	+		+		+		3	S0
Melica nutans	E1	+				+	+	3	S0
Actaea spicata	E1		+	+	+			3	S0
Lilium martagon	E1		+	+		+		3	S0
Galium laevigatum	E1		+			+	+	3	S0
Paris quadrifolia	E1		+	+	+			3	S0
Cephalanthera damasonium	E1			+	+	+		3	S0
Petasites albus	E1			+	+	+		3	S0
Pulmonaria officinalis	E1	1		+				2	33
Cardamine bulbifera	E1	1				+		2	33
Scrophularia nodosa	E1	+	+					2	33
Heracleum sphondylium	E1	+				+		2	33
Allium ursinum	E1	+			+			2	33
Salvia glutinosa	E1		+			1		2	33
Sanicula europaea	E1		+			1		2	33
Euphorbia amygdaloides	E1			+		+		2	33
Ranunculus lanuginosus	E1	+						1	17
Campanula trachelium	E1	+						1	17
Leucojum vernum	E1		1					1	17
Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum	E1		1					1	17
Euphorbia dulcis	E1		+					1	17
Brachypodium sylvaticum	E1				+			1	17
Fraxinus excelsior	E2a				+			1	17
Lathyrus vernus	E1					+		1	17
Cardamine pentaphyllos	E1					r		1	17
Phyteuma spicatum	E1						1	1	17
Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae									
Fraxinus ornus	E3a	+						1	17
Fraxinus ornus	E2b	+			+			2	33
Fraxinus ornus	E2a			+	1			3	S0
Fraxinus ornus	E1	+		+		1		3	S0
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3b	+		+	1			3	S0
Sorbus aria	E3b				+			1	17
Sorbus aria	E3a				+		+	2	33
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
QR
QF
EP
VP
SSc
RP
TG
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)		1	2	3	4	5	6	Pr.	Fr.
Sorbus aria	E2b						+	1	17
Sorbus aria	E2a			+	+		+	3	50
Sorbus aria	E1					+		1	17
Hypericum montanum	E1			+	+			2	33
Melittis melissophyllum	E1				+	+		2	33
Carex flacca	E1				+	+		2	33
Convallaria majalis	E1				+		+	2	33
Cornus mas	E2b	+						1	17
Arabis turrita	E1	+						1	17
Cephalanthera rubra	E1			+				1	17
Clematis recta	E1			+				1	17
Tanacetum corymbosum	E1				+			1	17
Euonymus verrucosa	E2a						+	1	17
Quercetalia roboris									
Pteridium aquilinum	E1				+	+		2	33
Quercus robur	E3b	+						1	17
Querco-Fagetea									
Clematis vitalba	E2a	+		+	+	+		4	67
Hepatica nobilis	E1		+	1		+	+	4	67
Platanthera bifolia	E1			+	+		+	3	50
Hedera helix	E3a	1		+				2	33
Hedera helix	E1	+		1				2	33
Anemone nemorosa	E1		1			1		2	33
Lonicera xylosteum	E2a		+	+				2	33
Rosa arvensis	E2a		+			+		2	33
Galium sylvaticum	E1			1	1			2	33
Cephalanthera longifolia	E1			+	+			2	33
Acer campestre	E2b	+						1	17
Acer campestre	E2a	+						1	17
Acer campestre	E1	+						1	17
Moehringia trinervia	E1	+						1	17
Viburnum opulus	E2a	+						1	17
Listera ovata	E1	r						1	17
Carex digitata	E1			1				1	17
Ilex aquifolium	E3a			+				1	17
Ilex aquifolium	E2			1				1	17
Corylus avellana	E2				+			1	17
Taxus baccata	E3a						+	1	17
Taxus baccata	E2b						+	1	17
Erico-Pinetea									
Carex alba	E1	+	+	+		+	1	5	83
Cirsium erisithales	E1		+	+	+	1	+	5	83
Calamagrostis varia	E1			+	+		1	3	50
Buphthalmum salicifolium	E1				+	+	+	3	50
Aquilegia nigricans	E1	+						1	17
Epipactis atrorubens	E1				+			1	17
Peucedanum austriacum	E1				+			1	17
Rubus saxatilis	E1				+			1	17
Erica carnea	E1						2	1	17
Vaccinio-Piceetea									
Solidago virgaurea	E1	+		+	+	+	+	5	83
Aposeris foetida	E1		1		1	+		3	50
Valeriana tripteris	E1			+		+	1	3	50
Saxifraga cuneifolia	E1	+		r				2	33
Dryopteris dilatata	E1	+		r				2	33
Picea abies	E3b					1	1	2	33
Picea abies	E3a		+			+		2	33
Picea abies	E2b		+				+	2	33
Picea abies	E2a		1				+	2	33
Picea abies	E1		+					1	17
Abies alba	E3a		+				r	2	33
Hieracium murorum	E1			+			+	2	33
Luzula sylvatica	E1					+	1	2	33
Oxalis acetosella	E1		+					1	17
Gymnocarpium dryopteris	E1		+					1	17
Laserpitium krapfii	E1			1				1	17
Vaccinium myrtillus	E1						1	1	17
Veronica urticifolia	E1						1	1	17
Sambuco-Salicion capreae									
Sorbus aucuparia	E2a						+	1	17
Sorbus aucuparia	E1				+	+	+	3	50
Rhamno-Prunetea									
Crataegus monogyna	E2a	+						1	17
Ligustrum vulgare	E2a	+						1	17
Viburnum lantana	E2a						+	1	17
Trifolio-Geranietea									
Digitalis grandiflora	E1		+	+		+		3	50
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria	E1				+	+		2	33
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Campanula rapunculoides Iris graminea Lilium carniolicum EA Epilobietea angustifolii Eupatorium cannabinum Stachys alpina Chelidonium majus Parietaria officinalis Rubus idaeus Atropa bella-donna Bromopsis benekenii MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Senecio ovatus
Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum Aconitum lycoctonum Athyrium filix-femina Veratrum album s. lat. Centaurea montana Silene dioica Crepis paludosa ES Elyno-Seslerietea Aster bellidiastrum Sesleria tenuifolia subsp. kalnikensis Phyteuma orbiculare MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Angelica sylvestris Ajuga reptans TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Gymnocarpium robertianum AT Asplenietea trichomanis Moehringia muscosa Asplenium trichomanes Cardaminopsis arenosa Asplenium ruta-muraria Asplenium viride ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Ctenidium molluscum Polytrichum formosum Neckera crispa Dicranum scoparium Thuidium tamariscinum Conocephalum conicum Homalothecium philippeanum Schistidium apocarpum Atrichum undulatum Fissidens dubius Plagiomnium undulatum Tortella tortuosa Peltigera leucophlebia Bartramia halleriana
Legend - Legenda
D Dolomite - dolomit Re Rendzina - rendzina
	1	2	3	4	5	6	Pr.	Fr.
E1	+						1	17
E1				+			1	17
E1				+			1	17
E1		+	+	+			3	5O
E1		+	+				2	33
E1	+						1	17
E1	1						1	17
E1			+				1	17
E1			+				1	17
E1				+			1	17
E1	+	1		+	+		4	67
E1	+		+	+			3	5O
E1	+		+		+		3	5O
E1	+			+			2	33
E1			+				2	33
E1			+	+		+	3	5O
E1	+						1	17
E1				+			1	17
E1			+			+		33
E1				+			1	17
E1						+	1	17
E1	+						1	17
E1					+		1	17
E1				+		+	2	33
E1	+					+	2	33
E1	+		+				2	33
E1	+						1	17
E1						+	1	17
E1						+	1	17
EO		+	+		+	2	4	67
EO			+	+	+	1	4	67
EO		+				2	2	33
EO			+			+	2	33
EO					+	+	2	33
EO	+						1	17
EO	+						1	17
EO	+						1	17
EO			+				1	17
EO			+				1	17
EO					+		1	17
EO						+	1	17
EO						+	1	17
EO						+	1	17
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 5 (Preglednica 5): Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Hiracium rotundatum
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast)
Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
E3b E3a E2 E1 E0 cm
815 NW 40 Co Re 20
80 5 5
70 5 100 24 54
4 8 4 2
860 N 40 Co Re 5
70 5
70 5
70 24 44
4 8 4 2
850 NW 40 Co Re 20
80 10
5
70 10 90 22 37
m2 400 400 400
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
Locality (Nahajališče)
k
č a
a
ča ča ar r
a k
bi bi bi no no no
g tg o ig o ^g
DDD
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate GK Y (D-48)
Coordinate GK X (D-48)
4
5 4
	Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)					Pr.	Fr.
FS	Mercurialis perennis	E1	3	2	2	3	100
FS	Festuca altissima	E1	3	3	1	3	100
AF	Cardamine enneaphyllos	E1	2	1	2	3	100
FS	Prenanthes purpurea	E1	+	1		2	67
TA	Aruncus dioicus	E1	+			1	33
AF	Helleborus niger	E1	+			1	33
	Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)						
QR	Hieracium rotundatum	E1	+	+		2	67
QF	Galium sylvaticum	E1		+	+	2	67
FS	Poa stiriaca	E1		+		1	33
FB	Sesleria sadlerana	E1			1	1	33
	Differential species of lower units (Razlikovalnice nižjih enot)						
VP	Homogyne sylvestris	E1	r			1	33
VP	Luzula luzuloides	E1	+	3	1	3	100
FB	Festuca pallens	E1		+	+	2	67
VP	Calamagrostis arundinacea	E1			1	1	33
AF	Aremonio-Fagion						
	Cyclamen purpurascens	E1	+	+	+	3	100
	Vicia oroboides	E1	+			1	33
TA	Tilio-Acerion						
	Acer platanoides	E1	+	+		2	67
	Acer pseudoplatanus	E1	+	+		2	67
	Scrophularia vernalis	E1	r			1	33
	Tilia platyphyllos	E3b	+			1	33
	Tilia platyphyllos	E3a	+			1	33
	Tilia platyphyllos	E1	+			1	33
	Dryopteris affinis	E1	+			1	33
	Phyllitis scolopendrium	E1	+			1	33
	Geranium robertianum	E1		+		1	33
FS	Fagetalia sylvaticae						
	Fagus sylvatica	E3b	4	4	4	3	100
	Fagus sylvatica	E3a			+	1	33
	Fagus sylvatica	E2a	+			1	33
	Fagus sylvatica	E1	+	+		2	67
	Phyteuma spicatum	E1	1	1	1	3	100
2
3
m
m
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
QP
QR
QF
EP
VP
TG
EA
ES
FB
MA
TR
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)		l	2	3	Pr.	Fr.
Euphorbia dulcis	El	+	+	+	3	l00
Dentaria bulbifera	El	l		+	2	67
Galium odoratum	El	l	+		2	67
Melica nutans	El	+		l	2	67
Mycelis muralis	El	+	+		2	67
Dryopteris filix-mas	El	l	+		2	67
Actaea spicata	El	l			l	33
Salvia glutinosa	El	l			l	33
Epilobium montanum	El	+			l	33
Galeobdolon flavidum	El	+			l	33
Myosotis sylvatica	El	+			l	33
Paris quadrifolia	El	+			l	33
Petasites albus	El	+			l	33
Polygonatum multiflorum	El	+			l	33
Sambucus nigra	E2a	+			l	33
Sanicula europaea	El	+			l	33
Symphytum tuberosum	El	+			l	33
Tilia cordata	E3a		+		l	33
Tilia cordata	E2a	+			l	33
Tilia cordata	El		+		l	33
Daphne mezereum	E2a		+		l	33
Heracleum sphondylium	El			+	l	33
Lathyrus vernus	El			+	l	33
Neottia nidus-avis	El			+	l	33
Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae						
Campanula persicifolia	El		l	+	2	67
Tanacetum corymbosum	El		+	+	2	67
Arabis turrita	El		+		l	33
Ostrya carpinifolia	E2a			+	l	33
Ostrya carpinifolia	El		+		l	33
Sorbus aria	E3a		r		l	33
Sorbus aria	E2b			+	l	33
Hierochloe australis	El			+	l	33
Fraxinus ornus	El			r	l	33
Quercetalia roboris						
Hieracium praecurrens	El	+			l	33
Quercus petraea	El		+		l	33
Querco-Fagetea						
Hepatica nobilis	El	+		+	2	67
Festuca heterophylla	El		+	l	2	67
Clematis vitalba	E2a	+			l	33
Moehringia trinervia	El	+			l	33
Anemone nemorosa	El	+			l	33
Stellaria holostea	El		+		l	33
Carex digitata	El			l	l	33
Viola riviniana	El			+	l	33
Erico-Pinetea						
Calamagrostis varia	El			l	l	33
Vaccinio-Piceetea						
Gentiana asclepiadea	El	+	+		2	67
Aposeris foetida	El	+		+	2	67
Hieracium murorum	El	+			l	33
Oxalis acetosella	El	+			l	33
Maianthemum bifolium	El		+		l	33
Vaccinium myrtillus	El		+		l	33
Avenella flexuosa (Deschampsia flexuosa)	El			+	l	33
Trifolio-Geranietea						
Anthericum ramosum	El			+	l	33
Iris graminea	El			+	l	33
Epilobietea angustifolii						
Rubus idaeus	El	+		+	2	67
Urtica dioica	El	+			l	33
Mulgedio-Aconitetea						
Senecio ovatus	El	+	+		2	67
Doronicum austriacum	El	l			l	33
Silene dioica	El	+			l	33
A thyriu m filix-femina	El	+			l	33
Milium effusum	El		+		l	33
Elyno-Seslerietea						
Aster bellidiastrum	El		+		l	33
Festuco-Brometea						
Allium oleraceum	El		+		l	33
Molinio-Arrhenatheretea						
Taraxacum officinale	El		+		l	33
Thlaspietea rotundifolii						
Hieracium bifidum	El		+	+	2	67
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
AT Asplenieta trichomanis
Asplenium trichomanes Campanula rotundifolia agg. Cardaminopsis arenosa ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji)
Isothecium alopecuroides Bryum capillare Hypnum cupressiforme Polytrichum formosum Ctenidium molluscum Schistidium apocarpum Tortella tortuosa
E1 E1 E1
E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0
Pr. Fr.
2 67 33 33
33 33 33 33 33 33 33
Legend - Legenda
Co Quartz conglomerate - kremenov konglomerat Re Rendzina - rendzina
2
3
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 6 (Preglednica 6): Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Database number of relevé (Delovna številk popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast) Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
a	7 7 3 5 5 2	5 8 3 5 5 2	8 7	4 8 3 5 5 2	7 8 3 5 5 2	0 8 3 5 5 2	81	3 8 3 5 5 2	9 7 3 5 5 2	255386	4 0	255388	9 9	3 0	255500	2 0	6 4
			35 5 2				35 5 2				55 5 2		45 5 2	45 5 2		55 5 2	45 5 2
	0 o\ 0	0 7 9	0 5 0	0 6 9	0 4 9	0 7	0 12	0 6	0 3 0	0 7 8	0 074	0 8 5	0 074	0 0 6	0 5 7	0 2 4	0 6 5
	E	NE	NE	NE	NE	NE	NE	E N N	E S	E S	N	NE	NW	E N N	N	W N	N
	40	35	40	35	40	35	35	35	40	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	30
	DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR													ALR	DR DR DR		
	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re
	20	20	25	30	10	30	10	30	20	20	5	10	20	40	50	5	30
E3b	90	80	90	90	90	80	85	90	90	90	90	80	90	90	90	70	90
E3a		20								10	10	10	5	10	10	20	
E2	1	5	2	10	5	10	5	10	2	5	20	5	5	10	5	20	5
E1	70	60	70	60	60	80	75	70	60	50	70	40	40	50	50	60	60
E0	5	10	5	10	10	10	5	20	5	5	20	5	5	10	10	10	20
cm	35	35	45	40	35	35	40	35	45	50	35	40	70	50	45	40	35
m	20	20	20	20	22	18	16	15	20	24	20	24	28	26	25	24	22
m2	70	61	79	74	68	74	70	78	66	72	67	53	74	75	60	88	47
	400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400																
	0 9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	9 8 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	0 9 9	19 9	8 8 9	6/1/2000	9 9 9	6/1/2000	9 8 9	7 8 9
	K LH	LH	K LH	LH	<N	LH	LH	LH	LH		m <N	ï? <N		/8 /5		/2 2/ /5	//6 /5
-C	^ -r
T aa ' aa ' aa ' aa ' aa > Locality (Nahajališče)	o « b « b « b « b «
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate GK Y (D-48)	m
Coordinate GK X (D-48)	m
Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)
VP Veronica urticifolia	E1
VP Calamagrostis arundinacea	E1
VP Saxifraga cuneifolia	E1
VP Luzula luzuloides	E1
QP Tanacetum corymbosum	E1
TG Clinopodium vulgare	E1
QF Festuca heterophylla	E1
VP Huperzia selago	E1
Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)
AF Anemone trifolia	E1 1 1 + . 1 +
QP Sesleria autumnalis	E1 + + + + + +
FS Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus	E1 ... + .+
MuA Aconitum angustifolium	E1 .... + . Differential species of the subassociation (Razlikovalnice subasociacije)
FS Festuca altissima	E1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TA Aruncus dioicus	E1 1 . + + . +
VP Laserpitium krapfii	E1 + + + + + .
QF Veratrum nigrum	E1 . + + + 1 .
Differential species of lower units (Razlikovalnice nižjih enot) MuA Veratrum album s. lat. MuA Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum FS Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum FS Galium odoratum QF Hedera helix QF Hedera helix QF Hedera helix EC Helleborus odorus AF Aremonio-Fagion
Cardamine enneaphyllos	E1 2 2
-s	-s ^ &
>	>1 2 £ z«
>	> t M :
ë	ê J g J š ž
«	«
d r
S
m
eT
4/	4/	4/	4/	4/	4/	4/	4/	4/	4/	2/	/1	/1	4/	/1
/8	/8	/8	/8	/8	/8	/8	/8	/8	/8	9/	/9	/9	/8	/9
4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	8	8	7	8
9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
8	1	2	1	8	3	1	3	5	5	4	6	6	1	5
17	2	3	6	4	8	4	0	6	4	9	0	5	9	6
	9	8	9	0	5	5	7	8	0	5	3	0	8	0
6	6	6	6	7	6	6	6	6	7	6	0		8	
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	14		0	
4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4			4	4	4
7	6	8	5	0	5	9	4	8	0	2	1	2	5	9
7	9	7	3	2	9	5	2	91	9	7	7	4	5	0
8	8	8	8	8	8	8	7		4	5	7	3	0	7
8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	3	6	4	8	14
														
														
5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
vrste asociacije)														
+		+	+	+	+	+	+		+	1	+	r	+	+
		+	+	+	1	1	1	+	+	2	+	1	+	+
+		+	+	+		+				1	+		r	1
+			+		+	1				1	+	1	+	+
+		+	+		+						+	+		+
					+	+	+	+						
					+	+				+				
11
^¡S
X
4 4
Pr. Fr. 15 88 13 76
53 53 41 24 18 6
1	13	76
.	12	71
.	4	24
.	4	24
+	12	71
.	12	71
.	8	47
.	8	47
2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 17 100
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
FS
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)		l	z	B	4	s	6	7	s	9	lo	ll	lz	lB	l4	ls	l6	l7	Pr.	Fr.
Cyclamen purpurascens	El	l	l	l	+	l	l		l	l	l	l	l	l	l		l	l	ls	ss
Cardamine trifolia	El	l	l	+	l	+	l	l	l			l	l		+	l	+	z	l4	sz
Lamium orvala	El	+	+	+							l		+	l	z	+	+	+	lo	s9
Anemone x pittonii	El										+								l	6
Hacquetia epipactis	El																+		l	6
Erythronio-Carpinion																				
Primula vulgaris	El		+		+	+	+			+	+	+	+				+		9	sB
Tilio-Acerion																				
Acer pseudoplatanus	EBb		+	+	+	l			l										s	z9
Acer pseudoplatanus	EBa	+			+		+		+	+									s	z9
Acer pseudoplatanus	Ezb				+					+							+		B	ls
Acer pseudoplatanus	Eza					+	+												z	lz
Acer pseudoplatanus	El	l	l	+	l	l	l		+	l	+	+		+	+	+		+	l4	sz
Polystichum aculeatum	El	+	+	+	l	+	+	+	+	+	+				+	+	+	+	l4	sz
Geranium robertianum	El	+		+						+	+								4	z4
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	El	+					+	+	+										4	z4
Dryopteris affinis	El												+		+		+		B	ls
Polystichum setiferum	El					l									+				z	lz
Polystichum x illyricum	El										+			r					z	lz
Adoxa moschatellina	El														l	+			z	lz
Stellaria montana	El														l	+			z	lz
Phyllitis scolopendrium	El														+	+			z	lz
Polystichum braunii	El															+		+	z	lz
Acer platanoides	EBb														r				l	6
Acer platanoides	EBa																+		l	6
Acer platanoides	Eza												+						l	6
Acer platanoides	El												l						l	6
Ulmus glabra	EBb													+					l	6
Juglans regia	El													r					l	6
Arum maculatum	El														+				l	6
Impatiens noli-tangere	El														+				l	6
Tephroseris pseudocrispa	El																+		l	6
Fagetalia sylvaticae																				
Fagus sylvatica	EBb	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	l7	loo
Fagus sylvatica	EBa	l	l	l	l		l	l	l	+	+	l		+	l	+	l		l4	sz
Fagus sylvatica	Ezb			+	l	l	l	l		+	+	+		+	l	+	l	+	lB	76
Fagus sylvatica	Eza	+	+									+	l		+				s	z9
Fagus sylvatica	El		+									l	+	l	+	+	l	+	s	47
Actaea spicata	El	l	l	l	l	l	l	+	l	l	+	+	+	+	l	+	+	+	l7	loo
Lathyrus vernus subsp. vernus	El	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	+	l	+	+	l	+	l7	loo
Galium laevigatum	El	l	l	l	l	l	l	+	l	l	+	l	+	+	+	+	l		l6	94
Dryopteris filix-mas	El	l	l	l	+	l	z	l	z	l	+	l	+	l	l	l	+		l6	94
Prenanthes purpurea	El	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	+	l	+	l	l	l	l	+	+		l6	94
Mercurialis perennis	El	z	z	z	z	l	l	l	z	B	l	+	+		l		+	+	ls	ss
Daphne mezereum	Eza	+	+	+	l	l	l	+	+	+	+	+	+		+		+		l4	sz
Campanula trachelium	El	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	l		+	+	+			+		lB	76
Pulmonaria officinalis	El	+	+	+	+	+	+		+		+	+		+	+	+	l		lB	76
Symphytum tuberosum	El	+		+	+	+	+			+	+	l	+	+	+	+	+		lB	76
Euphorbia amygdaloides	El	+	+	l	+		l		l	l	+		+	+			+	+	lz	7l
Galeobdolon flavidum	El	+		+		+	+	l	l	l	+			l	+	l		+	lz	7l
Heracleum sphondylium	El	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+			+			+		lz	7l
Neottia nidus-avis	El	+	+	+	+			+	+	+	+		+	+		+			ll	6s
Salvia glutinosa	El			+		+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+		ll	6s
Lilium martagon	El	+	+	l	+	l	l	+	l					r					9	sB
Paris quadrifolia	El	+		+	+	+		+		+					+	+		+	9	sB
Sanicula europaea	El	+	+	l	+	+	l		+						+		+		9	sB
Mycelis muralis	El	+		+	+			+		+	+			+		+			s	47
Epipactis helleborine	El	+	l	+	+	+	+	+		l									s	47
Scrophularia nodosa	El	+					+	+		+	+			+	+	+			s	47
Lonicera alpigena	Ez			+	+	l		+	+	+		+			+				s	47
Polygonatum multiflorum	El	+			+				+	+	+	+			+				7	4l
Cardamine bulbifera	El									+	+			l	+	+	+		6	Bs
Petasites albus	El			+								+			+	+			4	z4
Ranunculus lanuginosus	El			+			l	+								+			4	z4
Sambucus nigra	Ezb				+												+	+	B	ls
Sambucus nigra	Eza										+		+		+	+			4	z4
Cephalanthera damasonium	El					+					+						+		B	ls
Carex sylvatica	El						+	+	+										B	ls
Carpinus betulus	EBb													+	+				z	lz
Carpinus betulus	EBa													r	+		l		B	ls
Laburnum alpinum	EBa						+	+											z	lz
Laburnum alpinum	Ezb						+				+								z	lz
Laburnum alpinum	El				+	+													z	lz
Epilobium montanum	El							+								+			z	lz
Cardamine impatiens	El													+		+			z	lz
Melica nutans	El													+				+	z	lz
Tilia cordata	EBa														+				l	6
Tilia cordata	Eza																+		l	6
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Tilia cordata	El
Myosotis sylvatica	El
Cardamine pentaphyllos	El
Epipactis leptochila	El
Viola reichenbachiana	El
Corydalis cava	El
Prunus avium	E3b
Prunus avium	El
Euphorbia dulcis	El QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae
Melittis melissophyllum	El
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3b
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3a
Arabis turrita	El
Fraxinus ornus	E3a
Fraxinus ornus	E2b
Fraxinus ornus	E2a
Fraxinus ornus	El
Sorbus aria	E3b
Sorbus aria	E2b
Sorbus aria	E2a
Hypericum montanum	El
Epipactis muelleri	El
Calamintha sylvatica	El
Cornus mas	E2b
Euonymus verrucosa	E2a
Ruscus aculeatus	El QR Quercetalia roboris
Hieracium racemosum	El
Rubus hirtus	E2a Pteridium aquilinum QF Querco-Fagetea Carex digitata Anemone nemorosa Clematis vitalba Moehringia trinervia Aegopodium podagraria Corylus avellana Corylus avellana Corylus avellana Platanthera bifolia Hepatica nobilis Dactylorhiza fuchsii Rosa arvensis Anemone ranunculoides Lonicera xylosteum Taxus baccata Taxus baccata Vinca minor Acer campestre Acer campestre EP Erico-Pinetea
Cirsium erisithales	El
Aquilegia nigricans	El
Calamagrostis varia	El
Carex alba	El
Buphthalmum salicifolium	El
Carex ornithopoda	El VP Vaccinio-Piceetea
Oxalis acetosella	El
Solidago virgaurea	El
Gentiana asclepiadea	El
Hieracium murorum	El
Gymnocarpium dryopteris	El
Homogyne sylvestris	El
Picea abies	E3a
Picea abies	E2b
Picea abies	E2a
Picea abies	El
Maianthemum bifolium	El
Valeriana tripteris	El
Rosa pendulina	E2a
Aposeris foetida	El
Abies alba	E3a
Abies alba	E2b
Abies alba	E2a
Dryopteris dilatata	El
l23456789
l0 ll l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 Pr. Fr. . . . r . . + . 2
+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
		+			+	+	+
	l	+					
+	+		+				
l	l	l	l	+	l	l	l
+	l	+			+	l	+
+	+	+		l	+	l	+
+	+	+	+		+	+	
				+	+	+	+
	+	+	+	l			+
					+		
l +
+
ll
l2
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
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29 35 24 6 l8 l2 l2 l2 6 l8 l2 6
l6 l6 l6 l6
l2
6
													
El	+	+ + +	l	+	+	+	+ +	+	. +	+	. +	. l4	82
El	l	lll	l	l	l	l				l	+ .	. l0	59
E2							+ +		. +		. +	+ 5	29
El							. +		. +		+ .	+ 4	24
El									+ r	+	.l	.4	24
E2b									.r	+		.2	l2
E2a							. +	+			. +	.3	l8
El											. +	.l	6
El		. + .				+		+				.3	l8
El		. + .				+						.2	l2
El				+	+							.2	l2
E2a									.r		. +	.2	l2
El	+											.l	6
E2a								+				.l	6
E3a											.l	.l	6
E2b											.l	.l	6
El											.l	.l	6
E2a											. +	.l	6
El											. +	.l	6
l3 76
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l l + + l5 88
ll l0
65 59 47 47 4l l8 6
35 l2 29 29 29 l8 l2 6 l2 l2
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
RP
TG
EA
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
SSC Sambuco-Salicion capreae
Salix caprea	E3a
Rhamno-Prunetea
Crataegus monogyna	E2b
Trifolio-Geranietea
Campanula rapunculoides	El
Verbascum lanatum	El
Digitalis grandiflora	El
Origanum vulgare	El
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria	El
Lilium carniolicum	El
Epilobietea angustifolii Rubus idaeus	E2a
Hypericum hirsutum	El
Stachys sylvatica	El
Urtica dioica	El
Galeopsis speciosa	El
Bromopsis benekenii	El
Arctium nemorosum	El
MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Senecio ovatus Athyrium filix-femina Phyteuma ovatum Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat. Silene dioica
Polygonatum verticillatum Milium effusum Ranunculus platanifolius Centaurea montana Doronicum austriacum Festuco-Brometea Pimpinella saxifraga Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Veronica chamaedrys Dactylis glomerata s.str. Thlaspietea rotundifolii Adenostyles glabra Gymnocarpium robertianum Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium trichomanes Polypodium vulgare Asplenium viride Asplenium ruta-muraria Carex brachystachys Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Moehringia muscosa Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Polytrichum formosum Plagiothecium denticulatum Ctenidium molluscum Fissidens dubius Neckera crispa Schistidium apocarpum Isothecium alopecuroides Tortella tortuosa Hypnum cupressiforme Metzgeria furcata Plagiochila porelloides Brachythecium velutinum
Peltigera canina	E0
Isothecium myosuroides	E0
Dicranum scoparium	E0
Collema cristatum	E0
Anomodon attenuatus	E0
Thuidium tamariscinum	E0
Bartramia halleriana	E0
Atrichum undulatum	E0
Brachythecium rutabulum	E0
Thamnobryum alopecurum	E0
Cladonia furcata	E0
Mnium thomsonii	E0
Plagiomnium undulatum	E0
Bryum capillare	E0
Plagiothecium nemorale	E0
Platygyrium repens	E0
Encalypta streptocarpa	E0
Plagiomnium cuspidatum	E0
Brachythecium oxycladum	E0
FB
MA
TR
AT
ML
El El El El El
El
El El
El El
El El El El El El
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 ll l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 Pr. Fr.
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ll
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El																	+
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E0		+	+	+	+					+	+		+	+	l	+	
E0	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+							
E0			+	+	+	+		+			l		+		+		
E0			+	+	+			+			l				+	+	
E0	+					+										+	
E0		+			+											+	
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102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
+ +
+
+
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Ulota crispa	E0
Dicranodontium denudatum	E0
Cladonia rangiferina	E0
Porella platyphylla	E0
Neckera complanata	E0
Homalothecium lutescens	E0
Conocephalum conicum	E0
Fissidens taxifolius	E0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Pr. Fr.
Legend - Legenda
ALR Limestone with chert and marlstone - apnenec z rožencem in laporovcem DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem Re Rendzina - rendzina
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
Table 7 (Preglednica 7): Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast) Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves)
Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26
MD <N tN <N	<N MD tN <N	MD <N C-- <N	co LO CO LO LO <N	co <N MD tN <N	LO co LO LO <N	ON <N MD tN <N	co MD tN <N	<N co MD tN <N	co O LO LO LO <N	<N <N MD tN <N	co <N MD tN <N	co <N co LO LO <N	o co MD C--^ <N	LO LO CO LO LO <N	MD <N MD tN <N	MD LO co LO LO <N	co co MD tN <N	MD co MD tN <N	IN co MD tN <N	MD LO LO LO <N	co co h- <N	MD <N <N <N	o> co Ln Ln (N	(N o> co Ln Ln (N	o o> CC) Ln Ln (N
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E3b	80	90	90	100 90	95	80	80	90	80	80	90	80	90	95	90	80	90	90	80	100 70	80	90	95	90
E3a	10	5	5	. 5	.	10	10	10	20	10 .	10	5	5	10	.	5	10 . 10	20	.
E2	5	10	5	10 10	5	5	5	10	10	15	10	20	5	70	2	50	5	10	10 5 5	5	15	5	5
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E0	10	10	5	10 5	5	10	10	10	10	10	5	5	10	.	10	.	5	5	10 5 5	10	10	10	.
cm	35	40	40	30 45	40	40	40	35	35	40	20	30	30	30	35	40	30	40	45	35 60	50	30	30	35
m	10	10	14	12 14	20	16	14	10	15	10	7	10	15	18	14	16	16	15	12	18 14	18	16	18	16
50	65	68	67 69	62	63	71	62	60	59	48	64	74	69	69	71	53	46	55	66 53	53	36	45	48
m2	200 200	200 400 200	400 200	200	200	400 200	200 400	200 400	200	400 200	200 200	400 400	200 400 400	400
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	Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)																					Pr.	Fr.
VP	Calatnagrostis arundinacea El 3 2 1	3	1	1	+ 1	1 2	2	4	4	2 3	+	2	+	4	3	3	2	2	4	4	4	26	100
VP	Veronica urticifolia El 1 1 1	1	1	1	1 1	1 1		1	+	1 1	1	1	+	+	1	1	+	1	1	1	+	25	96
QP	Tanacetum corymbosum s. lat. (inc. T. clusii) El 1 1 +	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	1	+	+	1	1	1	22	85
VP	Luzula luzuloides El 1 + +		+	+	+	+	+	1		+	+	1	+	1	1	+	+	+	1	1	+	21	81
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IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
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IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
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FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015 io3
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Fissidens taxifolius Paraleucobryum sauteri Homalothecium lutescens Pseudoleskeella catenulata Bartramia halleriana Plagiothecium nemorale
Legend - Legenda
AR Limestone with chert - apnenec z rožencem ARG Limestone with chert and claystone - apnenec z rožencem in glinavcem DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem
DRG Dolomite with chert and claystone - dolomit z rožencem in glinavcem
AL Limestone with marlstone - apnenec z laporovcem
ALR Limestone with chert and marlstone
R Chert - roženec
G1 Claystone - glinavec
Re Rendzina - rendzina
Ra Ranker - ranker
Dy Dystric brown soil - distrična rjava tla
12 3 4
EO	.
EO	.
EO	.
EO	.
EO	.
EO	.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19	20 21 22 23 24 25 26	Pr. Fr.
.........+.......14
.........+.......14
..........+......14
..........+......14
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 8 (Preglednica 8): Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum rhododendretosum hirsuti, typicum, caricetosum humilis
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m)
6ssss33662272 332346 ss2ss7
66s23333
77s
sss
s42sss22s
ss4
2222222222222222 oooooooooooooooo
co m o
o o o Ln en o
Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %)
Cover in % (Zastiranje v %):
Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast)
Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast)
Shrub layer (Grmovna plast)
Herb layer (Zeliščna plast)
Moss layer (Mahovna plast)
Maximum diameter of trees (Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees (Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst)
Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
EEE NNN
NS
NNNNNN N
4s 3s 40 3s 4s 3s 4s 40 40 3s 2s 3s 40 4s 3s 30
GGRR cA cA ■ ■ ■
DD
LR LR R R R R R R L R L L	D D A A

Rj Rj Re Re Rj Re Re Re Re Re Rj Re Re Re Re Re 30 S0 60 20 30 70 30 30 30 30 40 70 10 S 10 S0
E3b S0 S0 90 S0 S0 70 S0 S0 90 90 90 90 S0 90 70 70 E3a 20 10 . 20 20 30 20 10 . 10 20 20 . . 10 .
E2 10 s s s 10 10 20 10 s s s s s 10 s 20
E1 70 60 S0 S0 60 60 S0 S0 60 s0 40 20 S0 60 S0 s0
E0 30 30 1s 10 20 10 20 20 30 10 20 10 s s s 10
cm s0 60 40 4s 4s 40 3s 3s 40 3s 4s 3s 30 40 3s 20
m 17 17 10 14 1S 12 12 10 16 16 1S 17 10 1S 14 S
74 s0 s7 64 47 7s 6S 6s 62 ss 4S s1 49 63 67 61
0000000000000000 m2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2222444444442442
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
2224422
9990099 19 91 19 20 20 19 91
0> 0\ 0> O O O ^h (N (N (N m c-1 m Ci
Locality (Nahajališče)
vvv os os os
iT iT iT
see ej ot ot ot
da ot ot ot ^ ^ ^
K o o o k d d d
Td >U
mm
m
ot
ot p
o
tS St oS - - d
aaa ic ic n
rrreerr Vr Vr Vr p p rV rV
g v
K
p n
44442444
443444
Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-4S)
Coordinate GK X (D-4S)
SSSS7SSS77SS9999 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
7777777777777777 9999999999999999
s43 97 44 77
VP	Veronica urticifolia	E1
VP	Calamagrostis arundinacea	E1
QP	Tanacetum corymbosum s. lat. (inc. T. clusii)	E1
VP	Luzula luzuloides	E1
ES	Campanula witasekiana	E1
VP	Huperzia selago	E1
VP	Saxifraga cuneifolia	E1
QF	Festuca heterophylla	E1
FB	Carex humilis	E1
TG	Clinopodium vulgare	E1
Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)
MuAAconitum angustifolium	E1
FS	Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus	E1
AF	Anemone trifolia	E1
VP	Larix decidua	E3b
QP	Sesleria autumnalis	E1
677997ss73S92
s666
00009000SS 4444344433
66s 14
S9476406s473093
09723S
6 2 3 6	s
0997390sS
Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)
s9	9	S9	s 2	0 2	0 2	0 2	6 2	6 2	9	0 2	9	12	S	0 2		
1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	1s	Pr.	Fr.
1		+	+	1	+	+	1	1	+	+	1	1	+		14	SS
2	3	3	2	1	3	3	3	1	1	+		+			13	S1
+	1	+	+						+		1	+			S	s0
1			+	+	+	+			1	+					S	s0
	+	+	+	+	+	+		+				+			S	s0
	+				+	+	1	+				+			7	44
+			+		+		1			+					6	3S
+		+		1							+				s	31
+ + . +
222
+ + + +
11
31 31
3S 31 19 13
6
m
m
FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015 io3
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pr. Fr.
+
Differential species of subassociation (Razlikovalni vrsti subasociacije)
VP Clematis alpina	E2a
EP Rhododendron hirsutum	E2a
AF Aremonio-Fagion
Cyclamen purpurascens Cardamine enneaphyllos Cardamine trifolia Lamium orvala Knautia drymeia Aremonia agrimonoides EC Erythronio-Carpinion
Primula vulgaris	E1
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum	E1
TA Tilio-Acrion
Acer pseudoplatanus	E3b
Acer pseudoplatanus	E3a
Acer pseudoplatanus	E2b
Acer pseudoplatanus	E2a
Acer pseudoplatanus	E1
Polystichum aculeatum	E1
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	E1
Acer platanoides	E1
Polystichum braunii	E1
Adoxa moschatellina	E1
Polystichum x illyricum	E1
Geranium robertianum	E1
Phyllitis scolopendrium	E1
FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Daphne mezereum
Galium laevigatum	E1
Mercurialis perennis	E1 .
Lonicera alpigena	E2a +
Prenanthes purpurea	E1 .
Salvia glutinosa	E1 .
Symphytum tuberosum	E1
Dryopteris filix-mas	E1
Epilobium montanum	E1
Viola reichenbachiana	E1
Laburnum alpinum	E3b
Laburnum alpinum	E3a
Laburnum alpinum	E2b
Laburnum alpinum	E2a
Laburnum alpinum	E1
Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum	E1
Lathyrus vernus subsp. vernus	E1
Actaea spicata	E1
Campanula trachelium	E1
Lilium martagon	E1
Galeobdolon flavidum	E1
Poa nemoralis	E1
Luzula nivea	E1
Paris quadrifolia	E1
Festuca altissima	E1
Epipactis helleborine	E1
Tilia cordata Mycelis muralis Melica nutans Scrophularia nodosa Petasites albus Pulmonaria officinalis Epipactis leptochila Euphorbia amygdaloides Neottia nidus-avis Cardamine bulbifera QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Sorbus aria Sorbus aria Sorbus aria
Sorbus aria	E1
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3b
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3a
Ostrya carpinifolia	E2b
Ostrya carpinifolia	E1
+ + + r + 1 1 + . + + . r + +
E1 +	+	+ 1 1 1 1 1
E1 .	.	.
E1 .	.	.
E1 .	.	.
E1 .	.	.
E1 .	.	.
+.+ . + + + . .
1+1+1+1 1.1... 2
. 1 + . . . .
......+
. . . . + . .
.....+ .
++++ + . . +
1+
+.
.r
++
1. +. r.
11
++
4545
E3b	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
E3a	+	1	.	1	+	+	1	1	1	1	1	1
E2b	+	+	+	.	+	+	+ +	+	+	+	r
E2a	+	.	.	+ .	.	.	.	.	.	.	r
E1	+	1	.	.	.	+	.	+	1	1	+	1
+
E2a + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 + +	+
+ + +	1
.112	1
. . . +	+
+ + + . 1 ++++
.+.+ . . + .
. + 1 + + + 1 1 .++1111.
+ + + + + + + . .++... 1 .+.+
+
11 + 1 . .
+ 1 1 .
++++
+
.+. .+.
+ + 1 +++
+
.	+	1 + r . .	. .
+	+	. + + . .	. .
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+ .	+ . . . +	+	.
. .	+ + +. +	.+
. .	. . + + +	.	+
. .	+......
.	+.....+	+
......1	+	+
11
2 2 . . .+.+ . . + +
E3b	r	.
E1	.	1
E1	.	.
E1	.	.
E1	.	.
E1	+	.
E1	.	.
E1	.	.
E1	.	.
E1	.	.
.+ +. +.
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+.
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+.
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.+ .+
1+ .+
1
E3 + +	+	+	+	2	+	+	+	+	.	.	2	1	+
E2b + +	+	+	+	1	1	+	+	.	+	.	1	.	.
E2a . .	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	+
+	.	.	.	.	.	.	+	.	.	.	+	.	.
++
+2 .+
+
15 5
4 2 1 1
5 2
2 1 2 2 7 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
16 11 11 5 9 15 14 12 11
7 7 6 6
3 6
4
3
4
5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
14 11
3 3 2 9 1 1
50 38
94 31 25 13
6 6
31 13
13 6 13 13 44 31 13 13 6 6 6 6 6
100 69 69 31 56 94 88 75 69 50 50 44 44 38 38 19 38 25 19 25 31 31 31 25 25 25 19 19 19 19 19 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 6 6 6
87 69 19 19 13 56 6 6
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Primula veris subsp. columnae Hypericum montanum Arabis turrita Convallaria majalis Melittis melissophyllum Peucedanum schottii Calamintha sylvatica Potentilla micrantha Fraxinus ornus Fraxinus ornus Fraxinus ornus Fraxinus ornus Carex flacca Cephalanthera rubra Peucedanum schottii var. petraeum QR Quercetalia roboris Betula pendula Rubus hirtus Populus tremula Hieracium lachenalii Hieracium sabaudum Quercus petraea QF Querco-Fagetea Hepatica nobilis Carex digitata Anemone nemorosa Veratrum nigrum Cephalanthera longifolia Cruciata glabra Platanthera bifolia Moehringia trinervia Viola riviniana Clematis vitalba Lonicera xylosteum Stellaria holostea EP Erico-Pinetea
Cirsium erisithales Rubus saxatilis Buphthalmum salicifolium Calamagrostis varia Epipactis atrorubens Erica carnea Peucedanum austriacum Polygala chamaebuxus Allium ericetorum Aquilegia nigricans VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Rosa pendulina Valeriana tripteris Solidago virgaurea Gentiana asclepiadea Oxalis acetosella Maianthemum bifolium Hieracium murorum Homogyne sylvestris Vaccinium myrtillus Dryopteris dilatata Phegopteris connectilis Gymnocarpium dryopteris Luzula luzulina Picea abies Picea abies Picea abies Picea abies Abies alba Abies alba Abies alba Laserpitium krapfii Luzula sylvatica Aposeris foetida Polystichum lonchitis Lonicera nigra SSc Sambuco-Salicion capreae Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus aucuparia
	l	2	S	4	S	6	y	S	9	lO	ll	l2	lS	l4	lS	l6	Pr.	Fr.
El	l	t	l	t	t	t							l				y	44
El	t			t		t								t	t		S	Sl
El						t	t	t							t	t	S	Sl
El	t		t										l		l		4	2S
El													l	t	t		S	l9
El													t			t	2	lS
El			t														l	6
El				t													l	6
ESb																t	l	6
ESa						t											l	6
E2b															t		l	6
E2a									t								l	6
El													t				l	6
El														t			l	6
El														t			l	6
ESa												r					l	6
E2a			t														l	6
ESa												r					l	6
El															t		l	6
El															t		l	6
ESb															t		l	6
El	t	t	t	l		l	t	l								l	S	SO
El	t		t								t			t	t		S	Sl
El		t		l			t				l	t					S	Sl
El					t	r											2	lS
El													t	t			2	lS
El				t													l	6
El										r							l	6
El												t					l	6
El														t			l	6
E2a															t		l	6
E2a																t	l	6
El																t	l	6
El	t	t	t	t	t	l	l						t	l	t	t	ll	69
El	t				t		l	t	t					t			6	SS
El			t			t	t							l	l		S	Sl
El			t										2	2	2	t	S	Sl
El						t								t	t		S	l9
El			t		r												2	lS
El														t	l		2	lS
El														t	l		2	lS
El			t														l	6
El														t			l	6
E2a	l	l	l	l	l	t	t	t	t		t		t		t	l	lS	Sl
El	t	l	l	t	l	t	l	l	t					l			lO	6S
El	t	t	l	t	t				t	t				l	l		9	S6
El	t			t			t	t		t	t			t		t	S	SO
El		t		t			t	t	l	l	l	l					S	SO
El					r		t	t	t		t	t			l		y	44
El	t		t		t	t								l	l		6	SS
El					t		l	l	l	t							S	Sl
El	t		t	t					t								4	2S
El									t	t	t						S	l9
El	t		t														2	lS
El	t											t					2	lS
El			t	t													2	lS
ESb					r									t			2	lS
ESa												t					l	6
E2b								t		r							2	lS
El									r								l	6
ESb						r											l	6
ESa							r			r							2	lS
E2b								t									l	6
El							t	t									2	lS
El										t						t	2	lS
El														l		t	2	lS
El		r															l	6
E2a			t														l	6
ESb								t		r							2	lS
ESa	t								r		t						S	l9
E2b							t								t		2	lS
E2a				t													l	6
El		t			r				l	t	t						S	Sl
yS
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Sambucus racemosa RP Rubus dumetorum TG Trifolio-Geranietea Achillea distans Campanula rapunculoides Digitalis grandiflora Vicia sylvatica Verbascum lanatum Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Iris graminea Polygonatum odoratum Verbascum sp. Laserpitium latifolium Arabis pauciflora Geranium sanguineum Laserpitium siler Lilium carniolicum Thalictrum minus Trifolium rubens Valeriana collina (V. wallrothii) Viola hirta
Calamintha einseleana Hieracium umbellatum Hypericum perforatum Origanum vulgare EA Epilobietea angustifolii Rubus idaeus Fragaria vesca Urtica dioica Solanum dulcamara Galeopsis speciosa Hypericum hirsutum BA Betulo-Alnetea viridis Salix appendiculata MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Senecio ovatus Athyrium filix-femina Phyteuma ovatum Veratrum album Hypericum maculatum Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum Ranunculus platanifolius Polygonatum verticillatum Pleurospermum austriacum Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat. Centaurea montana Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus ES Elyno-Seslerietea
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria Betonica alopecuros Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica Laserpitium peucedanoides Festuca calva Phyteuma orbiculare FB Festuco-Brometea
Brachypodium rupestre Thymus praecox Bromopsis transsilvanica Koeleria pyramidata Asphodelus albus Euphorbia cyparissias Linum viscosum Carlina acaulis Dianthus monspessulanus Pimpinella saxifraga MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Galium album Vicia cracca Angelica sylvestris Lotus corniculatus CU Calluno-Ulicetea Selaginella helvetica Phyteuma zahlbruckneri TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Adenostyles glabra Ligusticum seguieri Arabis alpina Astrantia carniolica
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
E2a E2a
El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El
El El El El El El El El El El El
El El
El El El El El El El El El El
El El El El
El El
El El El El
9 l0 ll l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 Pr.
+ +......2
. . . . . . . . l
+ . + l + .
.	+ +	+
.	+ + .
.	+ l	.
+	+ +	. l..
+	. +
+
E2a	+	+
El	+	.
El	+	.
El	.	+
El	.	.
El	.	.
. +
+ +
+ + + + + .
. + + l + .
+
El ll + + + l+ +lll +
.	.	+	+	+	.
.	.	+	+	.	+
+	+	.	.	+	+
.	.	+	.	.	.
l	+	.	.	.	+
+	.	+	+	.	.
.	+	.	+	+	.
+ + + . . +
ll
22 + +
2l ll
l + +
+ l l
6 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ll
2 2
.l + l
E2a + . + .... +.......+ 4
l4 6 4
4 3 3 3 3 2 l l l
l3
5
. + . + + . + .
Fr.
l3
6
38 25 25 l9 l9 l9 l3 l3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
69 50 l3 l3 6 6
25
38 25 25 9 9 9 9 3 6 6 6
8l 3l
El .	. + .		.....+		2	l3
El .		. + . . .		. +	2	l3
El .	. + .				l	6
El .			. . . + .		l	6
25 l9 l3
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
l3 l3
6 6
l9
6
56 l3 6 6
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Gymnocarpium robertianum Cerastium subtriflorum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. pollinianum AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium viride Campanula carnica Moehringia muscosa Asplenium trichomanes Cystop te ris fragilis Asplenium ruta-muraria Primula auricula Saxifraga crustata Kernera saxatilis Micromeria thymifolia Sedum maximum Festuca stenantha Hieracium pospichalii Paederota lutea Sedum album Carex brachystachys Polypodium vulgare ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Ctenidium molluscum Tortella tortuosa Isothecium alopecuroides Neckera crispa Schistidium apocarpum Polytrichum formosum Peltigera canina Fissidens dubius Atrichum undulatum Conocephalum conicum Homalothecium philippeanum Hypnum cupressiforme Plagiothecium denticulatum Dicranella heteromalla Mnium thomsonii Bartramia halleriana Metzgeria furcata Plagiochila porelloides Cladonia pyxidata Homalothecium lutescens Distichium capillaceum Marchantia polymorpha Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Peltigera leucophlebia Plagiothecium undulatum Cladonia furcata Bryum capillare Hylocomium splendens Bryum argenteum Dicranum scoparium Mnium marginatum Brachythecium velutinum Anomodon attenuatus Brachythecium rutabulum
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pr.
E1 E1 E1
E1	+	+	+.	+	1	+	1	+	.+.
E1	+	+		+	+	+	+		+ . .
E1	+	+		1	+	+	+		.1.
E1	+	+		+			1	1	.+.
E1	+				1	+	+	1	.+.
E1	+	+	.+	.+					
E1			+.	.+	+				r . .
E1			+.	.+	+				
E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1
E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0
++
+r r. +. +. +.
								+				
1	2	+	1	+	2	1	2	1	2	1	1	.. 1
+	1	+	+	1	1	1	1	+	+			+ . .
+	+	+	+	1			+	+	1		1	.. 1
+	+	+		1	1	1	1	1	1		+.	
+	+		+		1		+	+	+	+	1.	.+.
1	2	+	+	+			+	2	1			+ . .
	+	+		+		+	+	+	+		+	. . +
1				1		+		+		+	+	
1	1	+								+		
						+	+	+			+	
	+				1		+					
++
.+ .+
+1
++
+. +.
+1 .+ +.
+1
Pr.	Fr.
1	6
1	6
1	6
9	56
7	44
7	44
7	44
7	44
5	31
4	25
3	19
2	13
2	13
2	13
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
13	81
11	69
10	63
10	63
10	63
9	56
9	56
6	38
4	25
4	25
3	19
3	19
3	19
3	19
3	19
2	13
2	13
2	13
2	13
2	13
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
1	6
Legend - Legenda
AR Limestone with chert - apnenec z rožencem
ARG Limestone with chert and claystone - apnenec z rožencem in glinavcem DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem
DRG Dolomite with chert and claystone - dolomit z rožencem in glinavcem AL Limestone with marlstone - apnenec z laporovcem ALR Limestone with chert and marlstone Re Rendzina - rendzina
Rj Brown calcareous soil - rjava pokarbonatna tla
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
Table 9 (Preglednica 9): Saxífrago cuneifolii-Fagetumfraxinetosum orni
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) E3b Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) E3a Shrub layer (Grmovna plast)	E2
Herb layer (Zeliščna plast)	El
Moss layer (Mahovnaplast)	EO
Maximum diameter ot trees
(Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees
(Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst)
Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
IN	<N	LO	LO			O	ON	LO		VO	<N	oo	ON	<N	en	VO		LO	en	<N	en	LO	VO		,—(	O	LO	LO	tN	ON	ON	en	vo	oo	tN	vo	LO	,—<	o		<N
o	vo	O	LO	LO	en	<N		en	O	O	<N		<N					ON	vo	tN	tN	VO	co	oo	tN	tN		co	co		vo	co	vo	vo	vo	ON	en				
VO	^	en	^	^	vo	en	en	vo	en	en	en	en	en	en	en	en	en	^	^	^	^	^	^	^	^	^	en	^	^		^	^	^	^	^	^	en		^		
IN	LO	LO	LO	LO	IN	LO	LO	IN	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	Ln	LO	LO
	LO	LO	LO	LO		LO	LO	^	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO	LO
<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N	<N
O	O	O	o	o	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	O	o	O	O	O	O	o	O	O	O	O	O	O	o	o	O	O	o	O	o	O	O	O	o	O
ON	vo	co				LO	LO	co	o			en	ON				en	en		CO		^	en	<N	O	vo	tN	<N	<N	O	co	co	o	vo	LO	en	VO	VO	ON	co	<N
co	IN	co		oo		ON	ON	ON	ON	ON	^	ON	co	C--	C--	t^	tN	vo	-H	ON	^	LO	vo	tN	LO	vo	vo	LO	LO	LO	tN	C--	C--	C--	C--	VO	tN	C--	ON	ON	ON
h	£						W	5			H	H	H	w	w	H	H	H		H	W	W	H	w	H	H	H	w	w	W	H	w		w	w	W	H	^			
z	z	£	£	£			c/5	5	£	£	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	£	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	¡z;	z	z	z	z	z	£	£	£
	z		z					C/5																																	
40 35 40 40 35 35 35 40 35 35 30 40 40 40 35 35 30 40 35 30 35 35 30 40 35 35 30 30 30 35 35 30 35 30 30 30 30 30 35 40 35 40
Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Rj Re Re Rj Re Re Re Re Re Rj Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Rj Re Dy Dy Dy Re Dy Dy Rj Re Rj Re Re Re 30 60 50 60 60 20 5 10 10 40 30 60 10 10 30 40 40 70 40 10 30 40 30 30 70 10 70 30 20 15 10 20 20 40 30 30 15 20 20 70 90 70
Ln o o> o>
o o o
Ln o o Ln
20 . . . . 10 . . 20 . . .20 .......... 5 10 5 . . 10 5 . 5 20 5 . . 10 30 30 . 5 10
20 10 20 20 30 5 10 5 5 20 30 5 10 5 5 5 5 5 20 3 10 5 5 10 10 5 5 5 15 10 5 5 10 5 5 5 5 20 10 20 5 5 70 70 60 70 40 80 80 80 50 60 60 50 80 60 60 60 60 50 60 90 80 70 70 80 60 70 60 60 60 70 60 70 70 70 60 70 70 60 60 45 40 70 5 20 30 30 30 10 5 5 10 15 20 15 10 10 15 20 10 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 20 5 20 20 40 10 15 30 30 30 30 5 10 25 20 20
cm 40 30 30 30 30 40 30 35 40 40 40 35 40 40 40 35 35 30 30 35 30 35 35 30 40 40 40 25 70 45 30 35 50 35 40 40 50 35 40 35 50 40
m 16 16 18 10 18 18 16 18 18 20 22 18 18 20 24 20 22 16 18 18 18 16 19 16 18 20 26 22 28 22 20 22 22 20 24 26 34 18 22 16 17 16
68 69 70 73 61 71 87 87 54 64 68 63 83 63 79 84 90 73 77 59 54 68 64 73 79 83 68 95 91 87 66 49 55 73 62 53 89 83 79 72 67 80 -, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo m" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
CO
o co
cocococo^coco^cococococo~~~~cococococoo>o>cocoSo>o>cocoo>cocococo^o>co^T^T
Ln Ln Ln Ln
CO CO
co co
(N (N	^	^
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2
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Locality (Nahajališče)
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate GK Y (D-48)
Coordinate GK X (D-48)
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co oo co On On On
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IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
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FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015 io3
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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Geranium robertianum	El
Polystichuni setiferum	El
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	El
Juglans regia	E2b
Juglans regia	E2a
Juglans regia	El
Polystichuni x illyricum	El
Tilia platyphyllos	E3a FS Fagetalia sylvaticae
Pagus sylvatica	E3b
Pagus sylvatica	E3a
Pagus sylvatica	E2b
Pagus sylvatica	E2a
Pagus sylvatica	El
Galium laevigatum	El
Daphne mezereum	E2a
Mercurialis perennis	El
Prenanthes purpurea	El
Dryopteris filix-mas	El
Actaea spicata	El
Salvia glutinosa	El
Lonicera alpígena	E2a
Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum	El
Lilium martagón	El
Symphytum tuberosum	El
Lathyrus vermis subsp. vermis	El
Pulmonaria officinalis	El
Viola reichenbachiana	El
Sanícula europaea	El
Campanula trachelium	El
Euphorbia amygdaloides	El
Mycelis muralis	El
Laburnum alpinum	E3a
Laburnum alpinum	E2b
Laburnum alpinum	E2a
Laburnum alpinum	El
Mélica nutans	El
Epipactis helleborine	El
Neottia nidus-avis	El
Paris quadrifolia	El
Polygonatum multiflorum	El
Festuca altissima	El
Galeobdolon flavidum	El
Petasites albus	El
Scrophularia nodosa	El
Epilobium montanum	El
Cephalanthera damasonium	El
Euphorbia dulcis	El
Sambucus nigra	E2
Poa nemoralis	El
Prunus avium	E3b
Prunus avium	E3a
Prunus avium	E2a
Prunus avium	El
Heracleum sphondylium	El
Orobanche salviae	El
Hordelymus europaeus	El
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Pr. Fr.
.................+......................+ .25
.............+............................1 2
+
+
..12 ..12 ..12 ..12 + .12 .+ 12
5 5 5 1 . . . + +
5 3 5 . . + 1 1 +
5 5 5 . . 1 + . 1
5 5 5 1 1 +
+	.	.
1	1	1
+	1	1
1	+	1
+	+	.
.	+	+
.	.	1
+	+	+
+	1	1
+	1	+
+	+	+
. + . . . + + + .
1	1	1
1	1	+
+	1	1
+	+	1
+	1	+
+	+	+
.	.	+
2	1	+
.	1	.
+	+	.
.	.	+
1	1	.
.	+	+
+ .	.
1	1	1
+	+	+
1	1	2
1	1	1
+	.	+
+	+	+
.	.	1
+	.	.
.	+	.
1	1	+
+	+	.
1	1	1
+	+	1
1	+	+
1	1	1
+	+	+
1	2	+
+	.	.
+	+	+
.	1	.
5	5	5
1	.	.
.	1	1
+ .	.
.	.	+
1	+	1
+	.	+
1	+	.
+	1	1
+ +	+
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1	+	+
1	1	+
+ +	+
5 5 4 . + . 1 + +
5 5 5
1 +
5 5 5
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+ + +
5 5 1 . 1 +
+
.	+	.
1	1	1
+	+	+
1	1	+
+	1	.
+	+	1
+	+	+
+	1	+
+	.	+
1	1	1
+	+	.
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+	1	1		1	+	+	1	1	1	1	+	41	98
+	+	1	+	+		+	1	1	+	+	+	39	93
+	+	+	1	+			1	1	1	1	+	39	93
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	+	1		+	+	38	90
+	+	+	1	1		+	+	+	+	+	1	38	90
	+	+	+	+	+	1	+	1	+	+	+	37	88
+	1	+	+	1	1	1	+	1	+			35	83
+	1	1	+		1	+	+	1	+		+	29	69
			+			1	+	+	+		+	25	60
		+					+					22	52
+	+	+	+		+	1		+				21	50
			+								+	18	43
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+		+		+					+		+	17	40
				+	+	+		+				17	40
+						+	+					17	40
	+	+	+					+				15	36
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17 17 14 12 12 10 5 2 2 2 5 5 2
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00 00
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Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Hypnum citpressiforme var. filiforme	EO
Cladonia sp.	EO
Leucobryuni glaucuni	EO
Thamnobryum alopecuruni	EO
Radula complanata	EO
Scapania neniorea	EO
Homalothecium sericeum	EO
Bryum argenteuni	EO
Bryum sp.	EO
Dicranutn tnajus	EO
Paraleucobryum sauteri	EO
Riccardia sp.	EO
Platygyrium repens	EO
Neckera complanata	EO
Brachytheciuni sp.	EO
Scleropodiitm puritm	EO
Anomodon attenuatus	EO
Porella arboris-vitae	EO
Orthotrichum anomalum	EO
Brachytheciuni oxycladuni	EO
+ +
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Pr.
..........3
.......+ . .	3
..........3
. . . +......3
..........2
..........2
..........2
.......+ . +	2
Legend - Legenda
AR Limestone with chert - apnenec z rožencem
AGR Limestone with chert and claystone - apnenec z rožencem in glinavcem DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem
DRG Dolomite with chert and claystone - dolomit z rožencem in glinavcem AL Limestone with marlstone - apnenec z laporovcem ALR Limestone with chert and marlstone
AGP Limestone with claystone and sandstone - apnenec z glinavcem in peščenjakom Re Rendzina - rendzina
Rj Brown calcareous soil - rjava pokarbonatna tla Dy Dystric brown soil - distrična rjava tla
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 10 (Preglednica 10): Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum gymnocarpietosum dryopteridis
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega)
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla)
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %): Upper tree layer (Zgornja drevesna plast) Lower tree layer (Spodnja drevesna plast) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast) Maximum diameter oftrees
(Največji prsni premer dreves) Maximum height of trees
(Največja drevesna višina) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
	l	2	3	4	5	6	7
	o>	3 3 5 5 5 2	4 3 5 5 5 2	2 3 5 5 5 2	6 3 5 5 5 2	7 3 5 5 5 2	7
	m 4 5 2						44 5 5 2
	650	7l0	680	540	850	960	660
	NE	NE	N	NE	NE	N	N
	35	35	35	30	30	30	35
	AR	R	AR	AR	AR	AR	DR
	Ra 70	Dy 80	Re 80	Re 80	Rj 70	Rj 60	Re 60
E3b	90	l00	l00	l00	l00	l00	90
E3a							
E2	5	l	5	l	5	3	5
El	l5	l5	l5	30	30	30	40
E0	40	20	l0	l0	l0	5	20
cm	40	30	30	30	35	35	35
m	l8	20	l8	20	22	l8	22
m2	58	49	46	44	5l	36	6l
	400	400	400	400	400	400	400
	4l l0 (N	7 8 9	7 8 9	7 8 9	7 8 9	7 8 9	7 8 9
	o>	(N	(N	(N	(N	(N	cR
	o>						
8	9	l0	ll	l2	l3	l4	l5
8	0	9	l	l	8	0	4
4	0	3	4	9	2	5	6
4	4	3	5	4	3	4	4
5	4	5	5	5	5	5	5
5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
660	7l0	830	970	580	870	520	570
NE NNE NE			NE	NE	SE	N	NE
35	40	40	35	35	40	40	30
DR	ALR AGR ALR ALR AGR AGR						AR
Re	Dy	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re	Re
20	50	l0	40	60	20	30	80
95	80	80	90	90	90	95	l00
		l0	5	5	l0		
5	5	5	5	5	20	30	5
70	50	50	50	50	60	50	40
l0	30	5	20	20	30	50	30
35	40	40	45	50	30	30	35
20	22	22	l9	28	l6	l6	20
44	60	66	58	66	83	75	72
Locality (Nahajališče)
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
o oK
k a n m
-Te
Sh
o h
o
o oK
k u L
u
>o
nj aj g
p n
n ki
le	im
Ä	§
■	>o
o oK
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate GK Y (D-48)
Coordinate GK X (D-48)
VP	Calamagrostis arundinacea
VP	Luzula luzuloides
VP	Saxifraga cuneifolia
VP	Veronica urticifolia
VP	Huperzia selago
QP	Tanacetum corymbosum
TG	Clinopodium vulgare
QF	Festuca heterophylla
ES	Campanula witasekiana
	(N	(N	(N	(N	(N	(N			(N	^	m	
	CO	CO	CO	CO	CO	CO	o>	cR	CO	o\	aR	aR
	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	7	8
	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
	3	3	2	9	5	9	0	8	7	6	5	4
	8	8	9	7	0	4	l9	6	9l	6	4	2
m	0	0	7	2	7	5		2		9	9	7
	9	9	8	9	8	8	4	5	8	9	2	l4
	0	0	0	0	0	0			0	l4		l4
	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4		4	
	0	6	2	7	8	8	6	3	l	6	7	0
	0	9	8	8	4		8	8	6		2	0
	5	4 74	4 74	5	2		5	2	4	9	l8	6
m	7			7	7	7	6	6	7	0		7
										2		
												
	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
(Diagnostične vrste asociacije)												
El	+	l	l	l		+	+	l	3	l	+	+
El	+	l	l	+	l	l	+	l	l	l	l	+
El	+	+	l	+	+	l				+	l	+
El	+	+	+	l	+		l	+		+	l	
El	+	+					+				+	
El El El El
Geographical differential species (Geografske razlikovalne vrste)
AF Anemone trifolia	El r 1 1 . 1 .
QP Sesleria autumnalis	El r + + . + +
FS Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus	El .... + .
VP Larix decidua	E3b......
Differential species of the subassociations (Razlikovalne vrste subasociacij)
TA	Acer pseudoplatanus
TA	Acer pseudoplatanus
TA	Acer pseudoplatanus
TA	Acer pseudoplatanus MuA Phyteuma ovatum
FS	Actaea spicata
VP	Gymnocarpium dryopteris
TA	Polystichum aculeatum
VP	Abies alba
VP	Abies alba
TA	Dryopteris affinis
TA	Adoxa moschatellina
EP	Carex alba
QP	Cornus mas
E3b
E3a
E2b
El
El
El
El
El
E3a
E2b
El
El
El
E2b
+				+					
+	+	+	+		+	+		+	+
+	+		+	+	l		+	l	+
+	l	+	+	l	l	+	+	+	+
+	+			l	+	l	+	+	+
		+	+	l	+		+	+	+
	Pr.	Fr.
+	l4	93
	l4	93
l	l2	80
+	l2	80
	5	33
	2	l3
	l	7
	l	7
	l	7
+	8	53
+	8	53
+	4	27
	l	7
	3	20
	4	27
	3	20
	l0	67
	l0	67
	l0	67
	l0	67
+	9	60
	l	7
	7	47
	3	20
	3	20
2	4	27
+	2	l3
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
AF
EC
TA
FS
QP
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Pr.	Fr.
Aremonio-Fagion																		
Cardamine trifolia	E1	1	1	1	1	1	1	+		1	+	+	1		1	1	13	87
Cyclamen purpurascens	E1	1	1		1	1	1	1	1	1	+		+	1	1	1	13	87
Cardamine enneaphyllos	E1			+	1	2	2	1	2	3	2	1	2				10	67
Lamium orvala	E1					+				+	1		1				4	27
Aremonia agrimonoides	E1													+			1	7
Knautia drymeia	E1													+			1	7
Erythronio-Carpinion																		
Primula vulgaris	E1				+			+	1				+	+	+	+	7	47
Tilo-Acerion																		
Aruncus dioicus	E1	+	+			+				+	+						5	33
Phyllitis scolopendrium	E1						+			+					+		3	20
Polystichum braunii	E1			+						1						+	3	20
Acer pseudoplatanus	E2a					+							+				2	13
Polystichum setiferum	E1															+	2	13
Euonymus latifolia	E2							+						+			2	13
Acer platanoides	E2a														+		1	7
Acer platanoides	E1							+									1	7
Ulmus glabra	E3b															+	1	7
Ulmus glabra	E3a							+									1	7
Ulmus glabra	E2b												+				1	7
Stellaria montana	E1									+							1	7
Lunaria rediviva	E1												+				1	7
Tephroseris pseudocrispa	E1														+		1	7
Tilia platyphyllos	E2a														+		1	7
Fagetalia sylvaticae																		
Fagus sylvatica	E3b	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	4	4	5	5	5	5	4	4	15	100
Fagus sylvatica	E3a	1								+		+	1				4	27
Fagus sylvatica	E2b	1	+	+	+	+	+	+	1	+		+	1		1		12	80
Fagus sylvatica	E2a	+								+		+	+				4	27
Fagus sylvatica	E1	1			+	+			+	1		1		+			7	47
Mercurialis perennis	E1	+	1		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	+	+	+		+	13	87
Galium laevigatum	E1	+	1	+	1		+	1	1			1	+	1	1	+	12	80
Dryopteris filix-mas	E1	+	+		1	+	+	+	1		1	1	1		+	+	12	80
Daphne mezereum	E2a		+	+	+	+	+	1	+			+		+	1		10	67
Prenanthes purpurea	E1	1	+	+				1		1	+	1	+	+	+		10	67
Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum	E1	+	1	1	1			1		+			+		+	1	9	60
Lonicera alpigena	E2a	1	1					1	1		+	+		+	1	+	9	60
Salvia glutinosa	E1				+	+				+	1			+	+		6	40
Galeobdolon flavidum	E1					+	+			1	+	+				1	6	40
Pulmonaria officinalis	E1				+			+			+				+	+	5	33
Symphytum tuberosum	E1				+						+		+		1	+	5	33
Mycelis muralis	E1								+	+		+	+			+	5	33
Petasites albus	E1										+				+		4	27
Polygonatum multiflorum	E1			+	+				+			+					4	27
Lilium martagon	E1			+			+	+			+						4	27
Paris quadrifolia	E1			+			+				+	+					4	27
Lathyrus vernus subsp. vernus	E1						+					+	+				4	27
Festuca altissima	E1									+	+	+					3	20
Galium odoratum	E1									1	+	1					3	20
Sambucus nigra	E2									+	+		+				3	20
Scrophularia nodosa	E1									+	+		+				3	20
Campanula trachelium	E1										+	+		+			3	20
Laburnum alpinum	E3b													+			2	13
Laburnum alpinum	E3a													+			2	13
Laburnum alpinum	E2b										+						1	7
Laburnum alpinum	E1							+									1	7
Carpinus betulus	E3b				r								+				2	13
Carpinus betulus	E3a																1	7
Carpinus betulus	E2b							+									1	7
Carpinus betulus	E2a				+												1	7
Viola reichenbachiana	E1							+					+				2	13
Sanicula europaea	E1										+		+				2	13
Euphorbia amygdaloides	E1												+	+			2	13
Prunus avium	E3b					+											1	7
Prunus avium	E2a												+				1	7
Tilia cordata	E3a					+											1	7
Circaea lutetiana	E1										+						1	7
Dentaria bulbifera	E1										+						1	7
Epilobium montanum	E1										+						1	7
Neottia nidus-avis	E1											+					1	7
Heracleum sphondylium	E1												+				1	7
Epipactis helleborine	E1													+			1	7
Poa nemoralis	E1													+			1	7
Melica nutans	E1															+	1	7
Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae																		
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3b	1								+			+		3	2	5	33
Ostrya carpinifolia	E3a	+	+	+	2	+	+	1	1		+						9	60
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)	1
Ostrya carpinifolia	E2a .
Ostrya carpinifolia	E1 .
Sorbus aria	E3b +
Sorbus aria	E3a +
Sorbus aria	E2b
Sorbus aria	E2a
Fraxinus ornus	E3b
Fraxinus ornus	E3a
Fraxinus ornus	E2b
Fraxinus ornus	E2a
Fraxinus ornus	E1
Melittis melissophyllum	E1
Arabis turrita	E1
Hypericum montanum	E1
Euonymus verrucosa	E2a QR Quercetalia roboris
Rubus hirtus	E2a
Populus tremula	E3b
Populus tremula	E1
Hieracium racemosum	E1
Hieracium sabaudum	E1 QF Querco-Fagetea
Carex digitata	E1
Anemone nemorosa	E1
Corylus avellana	E2a
Hedera helix	E3a
Hedera helix	E1
Moehringia trinervia	E1
Vinca minor	E1
Acer campestre	E3b
Acer campestre	E2a
Acer campestre	E1
Clematis vitalba	E2a
Rosa arvensis	E2a
Hepatica nobilis	E1
Lonicera xylosteum	E2a
Aegopodium podagraria	E1
Cephalanthera longifolia	E1
Viola riviniana	E1
Viburnum opulus	E2a EP Erico-Pinetea
Erica carnea	E1
Cirsium erisithales	E1
Rubus saxatilis	E1
Calamagrostis varia	E1
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea	E1
Buphthalmum salicifolium	E1
Polygala chamaebuxus	E1 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea
Oxalis acetosella	E1
Solidago virgaurea	E1
Phegopteris connectilis	E1
Picea abies	E3b .
Picea abies	E3a .
Picea abies	E2b .
Picea abies	E2a .
Picea abies	E1 +
Rosa pendulina	E2a +
Gentiana asclepiadea	E1 .
Homogyne sylvestris	E1 .
Hieracium murorum	E1 +
Dryopteris dilatata	E1 .
Valeriana tripteris	E1 .
Aposeris foetida	E1 .
Thelypteris limbosperma	E1 .
Maianthemum bifolium	E1 .
Vaccinium myrtillus	E1 .
Dryopteris expansa	E1 . SSC Sambuco-Salicion capreae
Sorbus aucuparia	E2a
Sorbus aucuparia	E1 r RP Rhamno-Prunetea
Crataegus monogyna	E2 .
Berberis vulgaris	E2a . TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Campanula rapunculoides	E1 .
Digitalis grandiflora	E1 .
Verbascum lanatum	E1 .
234567
+ . . .
+ + + +
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pr. Fr.
+	1	1
+	+	+
+	+	1
11
+ + + .
1
2 2 7 2 2 1 4 1 2 1
3 2 2 1
4 3 1 2 1
10 7 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
3 3 2
7 13 13 47 13 13 7
27 7 13 7 20 13 13 7
27 20 7 13 7
67 47 20 7 20 20 20 7 13 13 13 13 13 13 7 7 7 7
20 20 13
+			2	13
			1	7
+			1	7
+			1	7
	1	1	14	93
1	+	+	8	53
+			7	47
	+	+	3	20
+			1	7
	+		6	40
+			1	7
			3	20
	2		5	33
+		+	5	33
	2	+	5	33
1			3	20
			3	20
+	1		3	20
		+	2	13
			1	7
			1	7
2			1	7
	+		1	7
			1	7
+			6	40
	+		1	7
		+	1	7
		+	3	20
13
7
8
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
ES
FB
+ +	+ +
+ .	.
+	+
.	+
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)	1 2 3 4 5
Achillea distans	E1
Lilium carniolicum	E1 EA Epilobietea angustifolii
Rubus idaeus	E2a
Urtica dioica	E1
Hypericum hirsutum	E1
Galeopsis speciosa	E1
Stachys alpina	E1
Fragaria vesca	E1 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Senecio ovatus	E1 +
Athyrium filix-femina	E1 + Elyno-Seslerietea
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria	E1 +
Betonica alopecuros	E1
Phyteuma orbiculare	E1 Festuco-Brometea
Brachypodium rupestre	E1
Carlina acaulis	E1
Dianthus monspessulanus	E1
Festuca valesiaca agg.	E1
Pimpinella saxifraga	E1 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Angelica sylvestris	E1 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Adenostyles glabra	E1
Gymnocarpium robertianum	E1
Cerastium subtriflorum	E1
Campanula cespitosa	E1 AT Asplenieta trichomanis
Asplenium viride	E1 +
Polypodium vulgare	E1 +
Asplenium trichomanes	E1
Asplenium ruta-muraria	E1
Moehringia muscosa	E1
Cystopteris fragilis	E1
Epilobium collinum	E1 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji)
Polytrichum formosum	E0 2
Neckera crispa	E0 +
Isothecium alopecuroides	E0 +
Ctenidium molluscum	E0 .
Hypnum cupressiforme	E0 1
Plagiothecium denticulatum	E0 .
Atrichum undulatum	E0 .
Fissidens dubius	E0 .
Thuidium tamariscinum	E0 2
Metzgeria furcata	E0 .
Leucobryum glaucum	E0 1
Dicranum scoparium	E0 1
Tortella tortuosa	E0 +
Dicranella heteromalla	E0 .
Plagiochila porelloides	E0 .
Bryum capillare	E0 .
Peltigera canina	E0 .
Mnium thomsonii	E0 .
Fissidens taxifolius	E0 +
Bartramia halleriana	E0 .
Eurhynchium angustirete	E0 .
Thamnobryum alopecurum	E0 .
Conocephalum conicum	E0 .
Porella platyphylla	E0 .
Cladonia rangiferina	E0 1
Cladonia furcata	E0 .
Hylocomium splendens	E0 .
Plagiothecium nemorale	E0 .
Brachythecium velutinum	E0 .
Anomodon attenuatus	E0 .
Schistidium apocarpum	E0 .
Homalothecium lutescens	E0 .
Bazzania trilobata	E0 +
Marchantia polymorpha	E0 .
Homalothecium philippeanum	E0 .
Mnium sp.	E0 .
Anomodon viticulosus	E0 .
Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme	E0 .
Brachythecium oxycladum	E0 .
Neckera complanata	E0 .
7 8 9 10 11
12 13
+
14 15 Pr. Fr.
11
+	+	+	+
+		+	+
+	+	+	+
	1	7
+	1	7
	3	20
	2	13
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
+	13	87
+	11	73
+	5	33
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
+	1	7
	1	7
	4	27
+	4	27
	1	7
	1	7
+	13	87
+	9	60
+	8	53
+	3	20
+	3	20
	2	13
	1	7
+	13	87
2	13	87
1	13	87
2	13	87
+	11	73
+	10	67
	9	60
1	9	60
+	5	33
	5	33
	4	27
	4	27
	4	27
	4	27
	4	27
	4	27
	4	27
+	4	27
	3	20
	3	20
+	3	20
	3	20
	3	20
	3	20
	2	13
	2	13
	2	13
+	2	13
	2	13
	2	13
	2	13
+	2	13
	1	7
	1	7
	1	7
6
+
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa)	1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Collema cristatum	E0
Plagiomnium undulatum	E0
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus	E0
Mnium marginatum	E0
Plagiomnium affine	E0
Plagiothecium undulatum	E0
Legend - Legenda
AR Limestone with chert - apnenec z rožencem
AGR Limestone with chert and claystone - apnenec z rožencem in glinavcem DR Dolomite with chert - dolomit z rožencem AL Limestone with marlstone - apnenec z laporovcem
ALR Limestone with chert and marlstone - apnenec z rožencem in laporovcem R Chert - roženec Re Rendzina - rendzina Dy Dystric brown soil - distrična rjava tla
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pr. Fr.
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 11: Synoptic table of syntaxa Arunco-Fagetum, Homogyno-Fagetum, Saxífrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum and Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum
Preglednica 11: Sintezna tabela sintaksonov Arunco-Fagetum, Homogyno-Fagetum, Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum in Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka)
Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov)
Author (Avtor popisov) Number of relevés (Število popisov) AF Aremonio-Fagion
Cyclamen purpurascens	E1
Cardamine enneaphyllos	E1
Helleborus niger	E1
Ruscus hypoglossum	E1
Cardamine trifolia	E1
Aremonia agrimonoides	E1
Vicia oroboides	E1
Lamium orvala	E1
Knautia drymeia	E1
Hacquetia epipactis	E1
Omphalodes verna	E1
Euphorbia carniolica	E1
Potentilla carniolica	E1
Rhamnus fallax	E2
Daphne laureola	E2a
Scopolia carniolica	E1
Epimedium alpinum	E1
Calamintha grandiflora	E1
Anemone trifolia	E1
Geranium nodosum	E1
Anemone x pittonii	E1 EC Erythronio-Carpinion
Primula vulgaris	E1
Erythronium dens-canis	E1
Lonicera caprifolium	E2a
Helleborus odorus	E1
Galanthus nivalis	E1
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum	E1
Crocus vernus subsp. vernus	E1 TA Tilio-Acerion
Acer pseudoplatanus	E3
Acer pseudoplatanus	E2
Acer pseudoplatanus	E1
Polystichum aculeatum	E1
Aruncus dioicus	E1
Euonymus latifolia	E2
Acer platanoides	E3
Acer platanoides	E2
Acer platanoides	E1
Ulmus glabra	E3
Ulmus glabra	E2
Ulmus glabra	E1
Phyllitis scolopendrium	E1
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	E1
Arum maculatum	E1
Tephroseris longifolia	E1
Isopyrum thalictroides	E1
Dryopteris affinis	E1
Lunaria rediviva	E1
Staphylea pinnata	E2
Staphylea pinnata	E1
Tilia platyphyllos	E3
Tilia platyphyllos	E2
Tilia platyphyllos	E1
Polystichum x bicknellii	E1
Juglans regia	E3
Juglans regia	E2
Juglans regia	E1
Geranium robertianum	E1
Polystichum setiferum	E1
Tephroseris pseudocrispa	E1
Polystichum braunii	E1
Adoxa moschatellina	E1
Corydalis solida	E1
Polystichum x illyricum	E1
Stellaria montana	E1
1	2	3
yt	o	o
ft	hrF	arF
rA	rA	rA
ŽK	ŽK MA	
18	8	12
94	100	75
100	100	75
67	63	92
39	63	42
22	13	
17		
17	13	17
11		
6		8
42 92 57 42 17 17
4	5	6
	v	l
F	o	
r	rF	rF
A	rA	rA
ID	ID	ID
6	41	32
100	98	97
83	95	100
100	63	3
33		
50	63	50
33	2	
17		3
50	49	66
17	12	
67	39	44
17	71	3
50	49	13
33	15	
	24	3
33	7	3
	7	
33		3
17		
17	73	97
	10	50
42 50 85 56 33 17 10 .
17
72	75	83
55	38	42
78	38	33
67	100	33
61	75	100
50	50	
22	25	17
44	13	
28		17
22	25	
28	25	
11	13	8
11	13	
11		
11		
33
10
50	15
.	12
33	22
50	20
33	22
67	29
33	10
17	5
33	.
25 50	32
17 .	. 17 17 17 17 17
10 . 12 78 2 44 . 16 .6
66 47 53 59 44 9 22 22 44 47 41 28 94
10
2 2
17 17
2 12
7 5 5 2 2
29
13
8	9	10	11	12	13
r	z	o	a	c	h
a	lu		c	p	r
F	lF	cFf	F	F	F
cS	c S	cS	cS	cS	cS
ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID
17	12	42	18	8	8
88	83	88	100	63	100
100	83	57	83	13	25
82 92 67 17 50 25 . . 10 . . .
59 33 6.
18
12
6 6 6
17 . 22 25 6.
76 50 21 6.5
82 67 21 71 42 48 . 8 17 2 7 14 2 2 7
12 17
24 .
18 25 7
6
24
12	8 6.
12	17
12	25
12	.
12	8
5 2 5 2 17 7
13
25 13
53 33 71 83 50 13
. 13 11 .
47 58 24 22 29 33 38 33
13
38
82 83 52 22 13 25
13 13 13 .
3 25
13
14 15 16
FFo
d	d	X
ID	ID	ID
18	20	18
100	95	94
56	10	6
.	5	6
28	20	11
39
83 40 61 6 . .
28 15 44
25	44
30	50
20	11
10	11
6 11 17 10
65
5
10 6
15
6 10
17
94 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka)
Impatiens noli-tangere	El
Chrysosplenium alternifolium	El FS Fagetalia sylvaticae
Fagus sylvatica	E3
Fagus sylvatica	E2
Fagus sylvatica	El
Mercurialis perennis	El
Cardamine bulbifera	El
Lonicera alpigena	E2
Daphne mezereum	E2a
Prenanthes purpurea	El
Polygonatum multiflorum	El
Dryopteris filix-mas	El
Euphorbia amygdaloides	El
Actaea spicata	El
Paris quadrifolia	El
Mycelis muralis	El
Lilium martagon	El
Galeobdolon flavidum	El
Neottia nidus-avis	El
Epipactis helleborine	El
Galium odoratum	El
Viola reichenbachiana	El
Pulmonaria officinalis	El
Fraxinus excelsior	E3
Fraxinus excelsior	E2
Fraxinus excelsior	El
Sambucus nigra	E3
Sambucus nigra	E2
Festuca altissima	El
Carex sylvatica	El
Salvia glutinosa	El
Prunus avium	E2
Epilobium montanum	El Asarum europaeum subsp. europaeum El
Campanula trachelium	El
Heracleum sphondylium	El
Symphytum tuberosum	El
Melica nutans	El
Laburnum alpinum	E3
Laburnum alpinum	E2
Laburnum alpinum	El
Brachypodium sylvaticum	El
Petasites albus	El
Prunus avium	E3
Prunus avium	El
Leucojum vernum	El
Euphorbia dulcis	El
Galium laevigatum	El Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum El
Lathyrus vernus subsp. vernus	El
Cephalanthera damasonium	El
Allium ursinum	El
Sanicula europaea	El
Scrophularia nodosa	El
Cardamine pentaphyllos	El
Sambucus nigra	El
Ranunculus lanuginosus	El
Phyteuma spicatum subsp. spicatum	El Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum El
Carpinus betulus	E3
Carpinus betulus	E2
Carpinus betulus	El
Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus	El
Tilia cordata	E3
Luzula nivea	El
Tilia cordata	E2
Tilia cordata	El
Orchis pallens	El
Cardamine impatiens	El
Myosotis sylvatica	El
Poa nemoralis	El
Corydalis cava	El
Epipactis leptochila	El
Circaea lutetiana	El
Hordelymus europaeus	El
Orobanche salviae	El
l	2	3
l00	l00	l00
l00	l00	58
33		58
l00	l00	l00
l00	l00	8
94	50	75
89	l00	92
89	l00	75
89	88	67
72	l00	8
72	75	
72	50	l7
67	25	l7
56	50	l7
50	25	25
39	38	33
39	25	
39	88	8
33	l3	
l7	38	8
l7	25	l7
		33
ll		
l3
l00	l00
83	93
33	78
83	95
33	2
83	37
67	93
67	39
83	34
83	66
.	63
50	46
50	27
50	4l
50	29
83	83
67	44
l7	20
.	l0
.	22
33	l7
.	20
l7	22
.	32
l7	2
l7	l5
l3 l00 33
25 . 25 8 l3 l7
50 l7 75 33 33 67 25 50
25 .
l7 l7
8 50
l7 l7 50 l7 l7 50 33 33 33 l7 l7 l7 l7
l00 88 53 9l 44 3
69 3l 63 84 3l 84 47 50 34 75 38 l9 l6 25 28 28 l9 l6
28 3
78	8l
l0	9 .6
l5	38
l5	22
44	50
37	l9
l2 l5 24 l0
2
l7 3l
29
7	50
90	78
66	97
46	88
9
34
l9 3l l3
3
46 3 l2 53 59 2. 2 l3 66 47 3l 22 l3 6 6
l00 97 7l 8l 6 52 8l 97 6 68 l0 65 l9 45 l6 26 l3 42
9 l0 ll l2 l3
35
7l
65 47
l8
76 7l
l2
l8
53
24
l00	l00	l00
92	90	72
50	3l	ll
92	93	l00
8		6
50	69	78
67	93	6l
67	90	83
33	2l	6
83	90	44
		56
83	88	ll
33	2l	
33	33	22
33	52	28
42	l9	22
8	24	6
	24	44
25	2	
l7	40	ll
25	43	l7
25	l0	
25	2l	39
33	83	6l
8	2	
8	l4	6
l7	40	44
8	5	33
25	50	6l
	26	72
l7	43	50
8	26	72
8	l9	44
25	l7	6
8	5	
	5	
		6
75	98	l00
58	60	
25	43	6
	l2	
l7	40	
25	l7	
6 l2
l2
6
50
25
25 l3
l3
l8 25 . l7
24 l7 2l 6 8 .
l0
5
l3	l4	l5	l6	l7	l8 O
					8 25
l00	l00	l00	l00	l00	l00
l00	78	55	72	90	67
50		l5	28	30	8
63	l00	60	67	90	25
				20	50
88	l00	80	56	50	50
l00	83	l00	l00	60	33
25	78	50	78	50	33
	l7			20	l7
50	39	55	44	50	83
	28			70	75
l3	22	20	39	50	25
	6		6	20	67
25	6	l5	39	50	50
l3	22	l0	ll		33
		l0		40	67
	ll	5		l0	
	39	5	ll	l0	l7
				20	42
50	39	40		20	l7
l3		5	ll		l7
			6	l0	
			6	20	8
					50
38	39	50	94	l0	8
63	6	5	6		25
25	l7	20	6	l0	25
					l7
63	ll	30	33	l0	75
l3	67	35	39		
50	6l	85	50		
63	39	85	72		
l3	22	35			
l3
. 25 50 38
l3
l3
25 25 . l3
5.
l00 95 . l7 40 79 39 30 ll
63	6	30	28
l3		l5	l7
l3	l7		
	6	l0	
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015

IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka) QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae
Sorbus aria
Sorbus aria
Sorbus aria
Tamus communis
Cephalanthera rubra
Convallaria majalis
Melittis melissophyllum
Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia
Asparagus tenuifolius
Acer obtusatum
Acer obtusatum
Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus
Cornus mas
Carex flacca
Hypericum montanum
Euonymus verrucosa
Tanacetum corymbosum
Arabis turrita
Clematis recta
Mercurialis ovata
Aristolochia lutea
Sesleria autumnalis
Calamintha sylvatica
Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa
Ruscus aculeatus
Primula x ternovania
Primula veris subsp. columnae
Quercus cerris
Sorbus mougeoti agg. (inc. S. austriaca) Epipactis muelleri Sorbus x thuringiaca Peucedanum schottii Potentilla micrantha QR Quercetalia roboris Rubus hirtus Pteridium aquilinum Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus petraea Betula pendula Betula pendula Populus tremula Populus tremula Hieracium racemosum Hieracium sabaudum Betonica officinalis Castanea sativa Hieracium lachenalii QF Querco-Fagetea
Anemone nemorosa Lonicera xylosteum Hedera helix Hedera helix Galium sylvaticum Carex digitata Platanthera bifolia Corylus avellana Corylus avellana Ilex aquifolium Ilex aquifolium Spiraea chamaedryfolia Clematis vitalba Hepatica nobilis Pulmonaria stiriaca Taxus baccata Taxus baccata Cephalanthera longifolia Rosa arvensis Veratrum nigrum Acer campestre Acer campestre Acer campestre Listera ovata
	1	2	3
E3			33
E2	33	63	
E1			
E1	22	13	50
E1	22	38	
E1	11	25	50
E1	6		17
E3		13	8
E2 E1 E1 E3 E2 E3 E2 E1 E2 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E2 E1 E1
E2a
E1
E3
E3
E1
E3
E2
E3
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E3a
E1
E1
E1
E1
E3a
E2
E3a
E2
E2a
E2
E1
E1
E3
E2
E1
E2a
E1
E3
E2
E1
E1
50 17
17
50
50 17 42 . 17
33 50 25 50 25 17 25 33 33 17 17 17 17
50 38 11
61 75 50 13
39 63 33 13
17 25
17 25 17 13
10	28
10	6
12	.
12	9
.9
29 38 59 84 73 .3
56
34	38
41	19
46	44
24	19
2	13
20	22
.	25
10
7 2 2 2
25 33 17
16
31
6
22 6 3 3
27 15
13
33	33	34	
	33	39	59
8	33	17	44
25	33	24	75
83	33		
17	17	46	81
8		2	
		2	
	17	37	28
	17	5	3
17	17	20	6
	17	20	13
25	67	39	41
75	67	54	53
25			
17	17	12	
	17	7	
17	33	5	
	33	15	16
	17	41	50
	17	22	34
	17	17	28
	17	12	13
	17	12	34
7	8	9
58	12	50
48	24	8
26	35	8
68	53	25
68		8
		17
29	6	25
19	24	
16	12	8
	6	
6	12	
3	6	
19	41	8
19	24	8
29	71	50
	6	
	6	
6		
3		
	6	
3	6	25
	6	
3		
3		25 O
	12	8 8
	59	50
3	6	
	6	
	35	17
	82	58
	18	
42	29	17
3		
10	29	17
16	12	
	6	
10	6	
	12	
13	47	
	6	8
	6	8
10	11	12	13	14	15	16
57	83	50	100	89	90	94
71	67	88	100	94	100	89
5	6	25	13			
5						
12	17	13	25	72	40	
52	78	50		44	20	11
92	17		63	61	100	94
7				28	70	94
33	6		13	33	40	61
60				50	55	56
24	6				30	28
				6		
29	22		38	11	5	6
2				17	15	
48	78	100	63	17	15	6
36	22		38		10	11
38 13 . 13
50 75
6 13
13
13 13
13
13
67 6
63 38
25
10 6 .
62 72 25
2 7 26 7 5 7 10 2
13
. 25
13
30 4
17 20 11 11 20 17
44	85		50 .
22	5	6	10 .
22	25	17	30 17
61 20
11 22
11 . .
11 5 11
96 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka)
Viburnum opulus	E2
Moehringia trinervia	E1
Vinca minor	E1
Aegopodium podagraria	E1
Malus sylvestris	E3
Malus sylvestris	E2
Rubus caesius	E2a
Viola mirabilis	E1
Viola riviniana	E1
Anemone ranunculoides	E1
Carex umbrosa	E1
Scilla bifolia	E1
Equisetum hyemale	E1
Cerastium sylvaticum	E1
Gagea lutea	E1
Galium schultesii	E1
Lathraea squamaria	E1
Melica uniflora	E1
Festuca heterophylla	E1
Dactylorhiza fuchsii	E1
Cruciata glabra	E1
Pyrus pyraster	E2
Viscum album	E3
Veronica montana	E1 EP Erico-Pinetea
Calamagrostis varia	E1
Cirsium erisithales	E1
Carex alba	E1
Erica carnea	E1
Rubus saxatilis	E1
Aquilegia nigricans	E1
Buphthalmum salicifolium	E1
Peucedanum austriacum	E1
Epipactis atrorubens	E1
Rhododendron hirsutum	E2a
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea	E1
Aquilegia atrata	E1
Carex ornithopoda	E1
Polygala chamaebuxus	E1
Centaurea jacea agg.	E1
Cotoneaster tomentosus	E2
Allium ericetorum	E1
Rhodothamnus chamaecistus	E2
Pinus mugo	E2
Amelanchier ovalis	E2
Chamaecytisus hirsutus	E1
Gymnadenia odoratissima	E1 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea
Laserpitium krapfii	E1
Rosa pendulina	E2a
Gentiana asclepiadea	E1
Solidago virgaurea	E1
Homogyne sylvestris	E1
Oxalis acetosella	E1
Luzula sylvatica	E1
Polystichum lonchitis	E1
Aposeris foetida	E1
Valeriana tripteris	E1
Abies alba	E3
Abies alba	E2
Abies alba	E1
Veronica urticifolia	E1
Hieracium murorum	E1
Picea abies	E3
Picea abies	E2
Picea abies	E1
Saxifraga cuneifolia	E1
Dryopteris dilatata	E1
Vaccinium myrtillus	E1
Gymnocarpium dryopteris	E1
Maianthemum bifolium	E1
Clematis alpina	E1
Calamagrostis arundinacea	E1
Lonicera nigra	E2a
Phegopteris connectilis	E1
Luzula luzuloides	E1
Luzula pilosa	E1
Dryopteris expansa	E1
4 17 17
5 10 2
11 38
13
25
17 17
100 88	92 17
89 88	67 67
33 50	83
17 38	42
11 100	50 11 38 .
67 83 67 17 33
75	50
58	50
25	33 17 .
17 17 33 50 33 17 33 33 17 17
56 69 27 22 2. 5. 5. 5 16 53 2. 2. 2. 2. 9 6 6 3 3
50 54 34
25 92 83 71
33 83 85 56 33 25
. 12
17 20
17 17 50 12
2 2 10 2
17 20
63	50
46	6
41	53
.3
68	22
61	19
15	9
54	41
17	9
15	22
17	9
12	. 7
7 5 7
5. 2. 2. 2. .9 .6 .6
22
16
10
6 52 100 87 48 71 48 45 10 13 61 19 19 35 10 23 87
19
52
24 25 68 24 8
18 12
29 76 29
29 6
47 29 59 65 41
18 29 12 18
53
10 11 12 13
26 26 14
17
33 50 75 26 17 25 5 . .
.2
33 67 25 76 42 98 25 90 100 81
.2
8 36 8 71 8.
58 5
75	98
17	90
8	21
42	52
25	29
75	86
25	5
.	24
83	17
8	67
.	14
92	95 .2
50	19 100 69 .5
50
13
24	50		13
71	89	75	88
29	17		
12	22		25
40	83	13	50
24	61	13	
21	56	25	38
26	28		
2		13	13
7	17		75
13
89	63
44	38
100	88
56	13
28	50
.	13
11	13
72	88
94	75
11	. 6.
94	100
89	100
39	38
22	13
11	.
39	50
6	13
56	38
.	13
44	38
50	13
100	100
17	.
72	100
25 100 50 63 38 50
13
100 13 13
50 13 13
50
38 13 38 88 100 13 25 75
14 15 16
5
17
6 17
89	70 67
83	75 67
78	30 44
100	80 61
89	65 22
33	10 .
56	45
22	10
17	5
100	100 100
.	5 65
28	15
44	25
33	5
17	15 6.
50	10
22	.
17	.
17	.
11	.
11	5
100	90
61	45
72	95
78	85
17	25
17	5
33	.
89	80
11	15
22	45
6	30
44	70
50	45
33	55
61	40
22	20
11	10
72	45
28	65
50	5
67	65
50	95
11	.
11	20
11	30
11
78 33 83 94 78
83 94 94 28 44 28 22 28
6 6 33 28 6
56 83 6 33 17
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
SSc
RP
TG
EA
BA
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka)
Huperzia selago
Orthilia secunda
Larix decidua
Larix decidua
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Dryopteris carthusiana
Thelypteris limbosperma
Avenella flexuosa
Luzula luzulina
Corallorhiza trifida
Calamagrostis villosa
Sambuco-Salicion capreae
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia
Salix caprea
Sambucus racemosa
Rhamno-Prunetea
Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna
Viburnum lantana
Ligustrum vulgare
Cornus sanguinea
Berberis vulgaris
Euonymus europaea
Rubus fruticosus agg.
Rosa canina
Rubus dumetorum
Rhamnus catharticus
Juniperus communis
Cotoneaster integerrimus
Trifolio-Geranietea
Melampyrum velebiticum
Digitalis grandiflora
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Campanula rapunculoides
Lilium carniolicum
Iris graminea
Clinopodium vulgare
Laserpitium latifolium
Viola hirta
Vicia sylvatica
Origanum vulgare
Achillea distans
Polygonatum odoratum
Anthericum ramosum
Thalictrum minus
Arabis pauciflora
Libanotis sibirica s. lat.
Verbascum lychnitis (inc. Verbascum sp.)
Calamintha einseleana
Trifolium rubens
Laserpitium siler
Valeriana collina (V. wallrothii)
Hypericum perforatum
Fragaria moschata
Epilobietea angustifolii
Verbascum nigrum
Fragaria vesca
Astragalus glycyphillos
Eupatorium cannabinum
Stachys alpina
Rubus idaeus
Bromopsis benekenii
Atropa bella-donna
Verbascum lanatum
Hypericum hirsutum
Solanum dulcamara
Stachys sylvatica
Galeopsis speciosa
Galeopsis pubescens
Arctium nemorosum
Tussilago farfara
Betulo-Alnetea
Salix glabra
Salix appendiculata
Alnus viridis
Sorbus chamaemespilus
	1
E1	
E1	
E3	
E2	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E3	
E2	33
E1	
E3	
E2	
E2a	
E3a	
E2	
E2a	
E2b	
E2	
E2	
E2a	
E2a	
E2a	
E2	
E2	
E2	
E1	39
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	39
E1	11
E1	6
E1	
E1	
E2a	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E1	
E2	
E2	
E2b	
E2	
38
17
50
17
17 17
50 33 17 17 17
10 5 5 2 12 10 5
25 42 50 12 9 33 34 25 17 24 50 17 7 17 . 2 2 2
10
9 10	11	12	13
33 43	44	13	50
12	.	.	.
17	6	13	13
12
29 29
18
6
21
7 2
24	8 26	22
6	. 12	11
47	17 40	
6	.2	17
		28
24	.7	28
		22
14
13
11 11 11 11
6 6 6
25
6 13 25 17 13 15 22 13 25
13
13
13 38
50 13
25
13
38
13
45 56 38 63
41 25 14 22 25 75
5 17 63 12 28 13 2
2
13
25
38
13
14	15	16
83	60	72
6	5	.
22	35	28
6	5	.
17	25	6
17 65 39 72 45 61 22 30 22
15
5
5
28 10 11 45
5 10
11 5 11 . 11 25
17
6
15
55 6
22 . .
39 60 39 . 5 17
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka) MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Phyteuma ovatum	E1
Senecio ovatus	E1
Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat.	E1
Athyrium filix-femina	E1
Veratrum album s. lat.	E1
Polygonatum verticillatum	E1
Centaurea montana	E1
Lathyrus laevigatus	E1 Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum E1
Silene dioica	E1
Crepis paludosa	E1
Chaerophyllum hirsutum	E1
Aconitum angustifolium	E1
Milium effusum	E1
Doronicum austriacum	E1
Saxifraga rotundifolia	E1
Ranunculus platanifolius	E1
Hypericum maculatum	E1
Pleurospermum austriacum	E1
Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum	E1
Chaerophyllum villarsii	E1
Cicerbita alpina	E1
Geum rivale	E1
Anthriscus nitidus	E1 ES Elyno-Seslerietea
Betonica alopecuros	E1
Aster bellidiastrum	E1
Phyteuma orbiculare	E1
Sesleria tenuifolia subsp. kalnikensis	E1
Carex ferruginea	E1
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria	E1
Laserpitium peucedanoides	E1
Campanula witasekiana	E1
Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica	E1
Carduus crassifolius	E1
Serratula macrocephala	E1
Astrantia bavarica	E1
Carex mucronata	E1
Globularia cordifolia	E1
Senecio abrotanifolius	E1
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra	E1 FB Festuco-Brometea
Pimpinella saxifraga	E1
Carex humilis	E1
Brachypodium rupestre	E1
Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum	E1
Carlina acaulis	E1
Bromopsis transsilvanica	E1
Dianthus monspessulanus	E1
Euphorbia cyparissias	E1
Koeleria pyramidata	E1
Thymus praecox	E1
Campanula rotundifolia agg.	E1 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Molinion caeruleae
Ajuga reptans	E1
Adenophora liliifolia	E1
Narcisus poeticus	E1
Angelica sylvestris	E1
Cirsium oleraceum	E1
Veronica chamaedrys	E1
Dactylis glomerata s.str.	E1
Galium album	E1
Lotus corniculatus	E1
Taraxacum officinale	E1
Vicia cracca	E1
Calluno-Ulicetea
Selaginella helvetica	E1
Festuca ovina agg. (inc. Festuca sp.)	E1
Phyteuma zahlbruckneri	E1
Potentilla erecta	E1
Festuca nigrescens	E1 Galio-Urticetea
Parietaria officinalis	E1
Chelidonium majus	E1
Urtica dioica	E1 Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Gymnocarpium robertianum	E1
CU JT
GU
SM
TR
2345
72 88 67 50 2 3 56 88 75 67 76 41 22 50 75 50 54 50
11
33 33 25 . 42 50
33 37 10
25
25
33 17 17
50
17
17 7 .2
17 17
33 39
12
7
50 22 16 17 . 13 17
22 19
3 3
17
7 2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
13
59 83
29
41 18
6
35 18
24 6 6
5 26 83 38 100
12
6 6
83 75 13
94 92 74 72 100 100
7 56 25
82 75 67 33 63 38
17	50	25
39	38	13
.	13 .
.	.	25
10	44	13	63
2	.	.	.
.	.	13	.
2	.	25	13
11 25 6. . 13
72 25 38
39 25
7 39
6 11
6 6 6
17 11
22 6
12 17 . .
6 17 38 6
13
21 67 38 75 2 28 13 13 39 17 6 6
10 . . .
17 56 25 25
25 38
25 . 13 13
13 13 . 13
25
13
13
38
13 13 13 13
39 30 11
6 55 94
39 25 28 6
11
56 2
5 28
61 25 11 17 30 17 6.
94 100 9 44 20 56 40
17
25
33 45 6 20
15
10 17
72 50 56
17 18
1
6
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015

IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka)	12 3
Adenostyles glabra	E1	. . .
Astrantia carniolica	E1	...
Hieracium bifidum	E1	. . .
Cerastium subtriflorum	E1	. . .
Campanula cochleariifolia	E1	...
Campanula cespitosa	E1	...
Epilobium collinum	E1	...
Arabis alpina	E1	...
Heracleum pollinianum	E1	...
Ligusticum seguieri	E1	...
Aquilegia einseleana	E1	...
Petasites paradoxus	E1	...
Scrophularia juratensis	E1	...
Gypsophila repens	E1	...
Saxifraga aizoides	E1	... AT Asplenietea trichomanis
Asplenium viride	E1	. 13 8
Asplenium trichomanes	E1	...
Asplenium ruta-muraria	E1	...
Moehringia muscosa	E1	...
Cardaminopsis arenosa	E1	...
Paederota lutea	E1	. . .
Polypodium vulgare	E1	. . .
Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae E1	...
Carex brachystachys	E1	...
Cystopteris fragilis	E1	...
Primula carniolica	E1	...
Saxifraga petraea	E1	. . .
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum	E1	...
Campanula carnica	E1	...
Hieracium glaucum	E1	...
Ceterach officinarum s. lat.	E1	...
Saxifraga crustata	E1	...
Saxifraga hostii	E1	...
Festuca stenantha (inc. F. valesica agg.) E1	...
Sedum album	E1	...
Campanula spicata	E1	...
Primula auricula	E1	...
Micromeria thymifolia	E1	...
Kernera saxatilis	E1	...
Hieracium pospichalii	E1	...
Sedum maximum	E1	...
Valeriana saxatilis	E1	...
Potentilla caulescens	E1	...
Athamanta turbith	E1	...
Hieracium villosum	E1	...
Moehringia villosa	E1	...
Sedum hispanicum	E1	... ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji)
Ctenidium molluscum	E0 . . 25
Neckera crispa	E0 . . 25
Polytrichum formosum	E0 . . 8
Thuidium tamariscinum	E0 ...
Dicranum scoparium	E0 ...
Plagiomnium undulatum	E0 ...
Fissidens dubius	E0 ...
Tortella tortuosa	E0 ...
Schistidium apocarpum	E0 ...
Bartramia halleriana	E0 ...
Atrichum undulatum	E0 ...
Conocephalum conicum	E0 ...
Homalothecium philippeanum	E0 ...
Peltigera leucophlebia	E0 ...
Plagiochila porelloides	E0 ...
Isothecium alopecuroides	E0 ...
Encalypta streptocarpa	E0 ...
Eurhynchium angustirete	E0 ...
Marchantia polymorpha	E0 ...
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus	E0 ...
Peltigera canina	E0 ...
Brachythecium rutabulum	E0 ...
Metzgeria furcata	E0 ...
Mnium thomsonii	E0 ...
Anomodon viticulosus	E0 ...
Bryum capillare	E0 ...
Fissidens taxifolius	E0 ...
Hypnum cupressiforme	E0 ...
Mnium marginatum	E0 ...
4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	17	16	77	71	33	60	78	63	50	67	65	67	60	67
	7		3			2			13	33	5	6	30	
	2					5								
											5			
							11			6	5	6		
						2				22		6		
						2								
							6		13					
							6							
							6	13						
										6				
										6	15			
										6				
											10			
												6		
17	51	19	58	41	92	76	72		75	72	75	78	10	8
33	44	84	55	65	50	48	22	38	38	22	50	56		17
17	29	28	29	24	8	26	39	25	50	50	85	61	10	
33	27	44	13	6		50	11		63		40	6	10	
17		3									5			
	24						6		13	22		6	10	
	22	69	26	47	50	45	11	25		11	40	56		33
	15	3								17				
	5		10			5	11		13	33	55	22		
	5	13	16		17	17	22	13	38	11	5	17		17
	2													
		6									5			
		3				2								
			6			5	11	38	63	11	40	44		
			3							6				
			3											
						7	11		38		50	11		
						2					5			
							11	13	13	33	10	6		
							6		13					
								13						
								13	38	17	25			
									25	6	5	6		
									25		10			
									13					
									13					
										50	30	17		
										11	5			
										6	5			
											5			
											5			
											5			
67	93	78	10	82	83	86	89	38	100	94	95	28	70	50
33	85	63	74	65	83	83	22	13	88	72	95	94	20	17
67	46	28	81	94	83	93	78	75	75	78	90	83		8
33	5	31	3	18	25	40	6				25	11	10	
33	2	3	48	18	25	43	22	13		33	70	72		
33		25	13	12		14						6		
17	56	63	65	65	58	71	56		38	67	75	72		
17	29	9	71	53	17	74	89	50	100	94	90	94		17
17	20	25	65	65	8	48	50	50	63	39	45	61		
17	7	6	13	18	17	33		13	13	6	40	28	10	
17	2	6	19	18	67	33	22	63	38	11	20	17		
17	2	6	10	6	25	10	6		25	11	10	28		
17	2	13	6		8	10	6		38	6				
17			3			10			13		20	6		
	32	28	35	18	25	43	11		13	33	70	78	50	33
	24	81	55	59	92	52	11	13	75	22	35	28	30	42
	10			6			11				5			
	7	31	10		8	17				17	15	6		
	7		6		8		6		13		5	6		
	7	6	3			12			13	17	50	44	10	
	7	19	35	18	25	54	17		63	6	5	28		
	5	34		18		10							20	
	5	16	35	41	25	62	17	13	25	22	40	39	30	
	5	25		12	17	38	22	13	25					
	2	25			8									
	2	16	6	12	33	12	22		13		40	6		
	2		6	6	17	10		13					30	42
	2	22	65	47	67	60	6	13	38	44	70	67	10	
	2		32		7	17	22	13		11	15	44		
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka)
Plagiothecium sp.	E0
Thuidium delicatulum	E0
Cladonia pyxidata	E0
Thamnobryum alopecurum	E0
Plagiothecium denticulatum	E0
Anomodon attenuatus	E0
Brachythecium velutinum	E0
Porella platyphylla	E0
Homalothecium lutescens	E0
Isothecium myosuroides	E0
Neckera complanata	E0
Hylocomium splendens	E0
Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme	E0
Plagiomnium cuspidatum	E0
Plagiothecium undulatum	E0
Scleropodium purum	E0
Ulota crispa	E0
Collema cristatum	E0
Dicranella heteromalla	E0
Cladonia sp.	E0
Leucobryum glaucum	E0
Bryum argenteum	E0
Dicranum majus	E0 Plagiothecium nemorale (P. sylvaticum) E0
Rhizomnium punctatum	E0
Bazzania trilobata	E0
Hookeria lucens	E0
Plagiomnium affine	E0
Mnium sp.	E0
Orthothecium rufescens	E0
Cladonia furcata	E0
Cladonia rangiferina	E0
Brachythecium oxycladum	E0
Platygyrium repens	E0
Dicranodontium denudatum	E0
Homalothecium sericeum	E0
Paraleucobryum sauteri	E0
Bryum sp.	E0
Brachythecium sp.	E0
Orthotrichum anomalum	E0
Porella arboris-vitae	E0
Radula complanata	E0
Riccardia sp.	E0
Scapania nemorea	E0
Rhizocarpon geographicum	E0
Distichium capillaceum	E0
Rhytidiadelphus loreus	E0
1 2 3 4 5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17 18
. . . . 2												
. . . . 2	6											
. . . . 2					10			13	44	60		
	59		18	25	7							
	44	39	88	58	71	28	25	13	28	50	28	10 .
	28		18	17	2							
	22	6	18	17	17	17	13					
	22		6	17	12							
	9	3	6		24		13		6	10		
	9	35	18		12	11			11	45	39	
	9	6	6	8	2						6	
	3	6		8	26			13		45	39	
	3	19		8	7	11				5	44	
	3	3	6								3	
	3	10						13			22	
	3				2				6	10		
	3		6			6						
	3		18	8	24					15	6	
		29		25	24	22	25	13	11	20	11	
		23			7						22	
		10		17	7	17			17	30	28	
		10			5	11		13		10	11	
		10			2				11	15	17	
		6	12	8	21		13			5	28	
		3			17					5	6	
		3		8								
		3									17	
		3			12							
		3		8						10	17	
		3							17	5		
			12	8	33	6	25	13				
			6	17	14	11						
			6	8	2							
			6		2							
			6			6						
					5	6						
					2		13					
					2					5	6	
					2							
					2							
					2					5		
					5							
					2							
					5							
								13				
											12	
1	Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr Ruscus hypoglossum typicum, Košir 1979, Table 8, columns 1-18
2	Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Ruscus hypoglossum homogynetosum sylvestris, Košir 1979, Table 8, columns 19-26
3	Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Acer obtusatum, Accetto 2007, Table 1
4	Arunco-Fagetum, Dolenjska, this paper, Table 4
5	Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar. geogr. Omphalodes verna, this paper, Table 1
6	Arunco-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia tilietosum, this paper, Table 2
7	Homogynos sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis typicum, Dakskobler 2002, Phyt. Table 2, relevés 1-31
8	Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum, this paper, Table 6
9	Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum gymnocarpietosum dryopteridis, this paper, Table 10, columns 1-12
10	Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni, this paper,Table 9
11	Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum var. Calamagrostis varia, this paper, Table 7, relevés 1-18
12	Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum typicum var. Primula columnae, this paper, Table 7, relevés 19-26
13	Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum rhododendretosum hirsuti, this paper, Table 8, relevés 1-8
14	Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium forma Pinus mugo, Dakskob-ler 2003, Phyt.Table 3
15	Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia subvar. geogr. Aconitum angustifolium forma Sesleria autumnalis, Dakskobler 2003, Phyt. Table 4
16	Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum var. geogr. Sesleria autumnalis rhododendretosum hirsuti Dakskobler, 2002, Phyt. Table 1
17	Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum var. geogr. typica homogynetosum sylvestris, Marinček & Čarni 2010, Table 14, relevés 1-10.
18	Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum var. geogr. typica typicum, Marinček & Čarni 2010, Table 1, relevés 1-12
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
Table 12: Diagnostic species of syntaxa Arunco-Fagetum, Homogyno-Fagetum, Saxífrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fa-getum and Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum
Preglednica 12: Diagnostične vrste sintaksonov Arunco-Fagetum, Homogyno-Fagetum, Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum, Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum in Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum
FS FS FS
Successsive number (Zaporedna številka) Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov)
i
Author (Avtorpopisov)	ŽK
Number of relevés (Število popisov)	18
Diagnostic species of the association Arunco-Fagetum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije Arunco-Fagetum)
2	S	4	5	6	7	S	9	iO	ii	i2	iS	i4	i5	i6	i7	iS
o -C PH	o a Ph	F SH	> o PH	£	£ o	sa F	N S	•■S ft	o F	o Sp F	-C SH F	< ■JR	a S PH R	-C SH F	o -C F	^ PH Cp
<	<	A	<	<	X		o S	^	^	o S	^			X	Cp R	R
ŽK MA		ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	ID	LM	LM
S	i2	6	4i	S2	Si	i7	i2	42	iS	S	S	iS	2O	iS	iO	i2
VP	Laserpitium krapfii
AF	Helleborus niger
TA	Aruncus dioicus
AF	Ruscus hypoglossum
TG	Melampyrum velebiticum
QP	Tamus communis
QF	Spiraea chamaedryfolia
QF	Veratrum nigrum
Ei	100	SS	92	17		
Ei	67	6S	92	iOO	6S	S
Ei	61	75	iOO	i7	44	44
Ei	S9	6S	42	SS		
Ei	S9	SS	42			
Ei	22	iS	5O	67	i2	9
E2a	17	iS		i7	2O	iS
Ei				17	41	50
5 i6
6
47
7i 42 4S
25 ii
iS
ii
6
SO i7
i7 iO ii SO 25
iS 47
7
6
25 ii
ii
Diagnostic species of the association Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetum)
VP	Abies alba
VP	Abies alba
VP	Abies alba
VP	Veronica urticifolia
TR	Adenostyles glabra
VP	Homogyne sylvestris
VP	Saxifraga cuneifolia
AT	Asplenium viride
ES	.	.	25	SS	i5	9
E2	.	.	i7	.	2	i6
Ei	.	.	.	.	7	iS
Ei	.	.	17	17 54	41
Ei	.	.	.	.	i7	i6
Ei	ii	iOO	5O	67 46	6
Ei	.	.	.	SS	7	22
Ei	.	iS	S	17 51	19
iOO S7 4S 7i 77 6S 6i 5S
i2	S	.	ii .	iS	ii	i5	94	.	i7
iS	5S	5	6 .	iS	22	45	94	iO	.
......6	SO	2S	.	25
SS	75	9S	94 iOO	SS	44	7O	44 7O	5O
7i	SS	6O	7S	6S	5O	67	65	67	6O	67
4i	25	9O	56 iS	SS	7S	S5	94	iOO .
5S	75	S6	S9	5O	5O	22	2O	6	2O	25
4i	92	74	72 O	75	72	75	7S	iO	S
Diagnostic species of the association Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum)
VP	Veronica urticifolia
VP	Calamagrostis arundinacea
VP	Saxifraga cuneifolia
VP	Luzula luzuloides
VP	Huperzia selago
QP	Tanacetum corymbosum
QF	Festuca heterophylla
TG	Clinopodium vulgare
ES	Campanula witasekiana
FB	Carex humilis
Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei
17 17	54	41	71
.	2	.	S7
SS	7	22	6i
.	.	9	52
.	.	.	45
i7	.	25	i9
.	.	.	10
75	9S	94	iOO
76	92	95	iOO	iOO	iOO
5S	75	S6	S9	5O	5O
5S	iOO	69	72	iOO	75
6	SS	4S	44	iS	50
4i	S	4S	7S	iOO	6S
iS .	SS	5O	75	5O
24 .	7	2S	25	25
. .	2i	67	SS	75
. .	17	56	25	25
44 7O 44 7O 5O
5O	95	SS
22	2O	6
ii	SO	i7
55	6O	72 i7	i5	6 6	10 . ..	6
56	4O	ii SS	45 .
iO .
2O 25
iO
Diagnostic species of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetum)
EP Rhododendron hirsutum EP Rhodothamnus chamaecistus VP Homogyne sylvestris VP Clematis alpina BA Salix appendiculata AT Carex brachystachys Laburnum alpinum Laburnum alpinum Laburnum alpinum QP Ostrya carpinifolia QP Ostrya carpinifolia QP Ostrya carpinifolia QP Fraxinus ornus QP Fraxinus ornus QP Fraxinus ornus QP Melittis melissophyllum QP Convallaria majalis
E2a
E2
Ei
Ei
E2
Ei
ES
E2
Ei
ES
E2
Ei
ES
E2
Ei
Ei
Ei
iO	. 2S
ii	iOO	5O	67	46
.	. .	.	5	. 2S
.	. .	.	5	. 10
.	. .	.	12	S
.	.	25	.	i5	S
.	. .	.	24	9
7 17
75
6S 4i 25 9O 56 iS SS
i4 5O iS 2 . . 5 11 .
4S 12 17 4S 50 iS 50 65 i2 S 26 72 25 6S . 12 S 19 44 iS iS
iS S 5O 59 S4 6S 5S 25 92 i7
6S
.	17	S4	SS	29	6
SS	5O	4i	i9	i9	24
25	5O	46	44	i6	i2
i7	SS	29	SS	26	S5
S7 i7 .
25 SS
6S
iS
ii 25 5O SS
6O .
24	6
5O	7S 5O .
i2	i7 iS 25
iOO	iOO iOO
5O	iO	.
7S	S5	94
67	65	56
S9	6O	S9
SS	55	22
6i	S5	5O
S9	S5	72
22	S5	.
6i	iOO 94
2S	7O	94
SS	4O	6i
5O	55	56
.	SO	2S
44	2O	ii
72	4O	.
iOO 4O
Diagnostic species of the association Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum)
TR Adenostyles glabra MuA Polygonatum verticillatum MuA Ranunculusplatanifolius
Ei Ei Ei
i7 i6 77 7i SS 6O 7S 6S 5O 67 65 67
i2
iS iS iO 6
7 S9 SS iS 2 . 25 iS
ii
6
6O 67 SO 92 6O 42
102 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 56/1 - 2015
IGOR DAKSKOBLER: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONTANE BEECH FORESTS ON STEEP SHADY SLOPES
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