The growing population, the emergence of new pollutants, pathogens, and other toxins harm the quality and quantity of water and make it challenging to provide and prepare clean drinking water worldwide. Advances in nanotechnology offer opportunities to improve existing as well as to develop new water treatment technologies. Nanotechnology offers ample opportunities to improve the efficiency of conventional water treatment methods using advanced filtration and adsorption nanomaterials. Due to their small size and large specific surface area, nanomaterials have a higher adsorption capacity compared to conventional materials and greater selectivity for the binding of various pollutants, such as heavy metals, rare earth elements, and waste oils, even at lower concentrations. With nanomaterials, we can add new functionalities, reduce problematic clogging of membranes, reduce the need for their cleaning, and extend their service life while reducing operating costs. The doctoral dissertation presents technologies for the preparation of nanomaterials, nanocomposites, nanomaterial's immobilization methods and applications for removal of microbiological and organic pollutants from model waters. Nanomaterials were prepared by polyol method, sol-gel synthesis, and precipitation. Nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating prepared nanomaterials into or onto various fibrous substrates. We designed and manufactured a customized filtration module for electro-oxidation filtration. Using electro-oxidative filtration, we degraded phenol, decolorized methylene blue dye, and disinfected the water (reducing E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria). Antimicrobial and electrically conductive nanocomposite made of polyamide 6.6 fabric and silver nanowires were used as filtration material. Using oleophilic functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, we successfully adsorbed waste engine oil from the aqueous medium.

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