HACQUETIA 4/2 • 2005, 161–171 WEED VEGETATION OF THE NORTHERN PART OF LJUBLJANSKO POLJE Urban ŠILC* Abstract Weed vegetation of northeren margins of Ljubljana was researched according to the standard Central-European phytosociological method. The following syntaxa were established: Veronicetum trilobae-triphyllidi Slavnić 1951 corr. Holzner 1973, Alchemillo-Matricarietum R. Tx. 1937, BC Alchemilla arvensis-[Scleranthion annui], Panico-Chenopodietum R. Tx. 1937, Echinochloo-Setarietum Felföldy 1942 corr. Mucina 1993. Izvleček Po standardni fitocenološki metodi smo raziskali plevelno vegetacijo severnega obrobja Ljubljane. Ugotovili smo sintaksone: Veronicetum trilobae-triphyllidi Slavnić 1951 corr. Holzner 1973, Alchemillo-Matricarietum R. Tx. 1937, TZ Alchemilla arvensis-[Scleranthion annui], Panico-Chenopodietum R. Tx. 1937, Echinochloo-Setarietum Felföldy 1942 corr. Mucina 1993. Key words: weed vegetation, Stellarietea mediae, Slovenia Ključne besede: plevelna vegetacija, Stellarietea mediae, Slovenija 1. INTRODUCTION na, Ljubljana- Zadvor-Sostro, by the Ljubljanica and the Sava rivers up to the ford at Dolsko, and by The weed and ruderal vegetation of Ljubljana, and the road Dolsko-Beričevo-St. Jakob-Črnuče-Tacenabove all of its northeastern margins, was studied Vikrče, where the borderline goes across the Sava by Zalokar (1937, 1939). In his manuscripts he river back to Medno. newly described two, nowadays well-known associa-The plain has a moderately wet continental clitions (Veronica hederifolia-Ass., Melilotus albus-Picris mate, which means that the mean annual temperahieracioides-Ass.). Although these descriptions are ture in Ljubljana is 9.5 °C and the central parts re- no longer valid, he is nevertheless considered as ceive between 1400 to 1600 mm of rainfall. one of the pioneers of weed vegetation research. The soils on younger gravel terraces and mo- The research of weed vegetation was repeated in rains are 20 to 30 cm deep rendzinas, which are order to find out the changes in its composition in rather fertile and therefore often used as fields the last sixty years. The results are published in a (Perko & Orožen Adamič 1998). separate article (Šilc & Čarni 2005). In this work Phytogeographically, Ljubljansko polje is classithe syntaxonomy of weed vegetation is presented. fied into the pre-Alpine phytogeographical region (Wraber 1969). The majority of surfaces were deforested. 2. THE STUDY AREA Among forest communities two associations occur – Vaccinio myrtilli-Pinetum sylvaticae and Helleboro ni- Research in Ljubljansko polje was limited to the grae-Carpinetum; the rest are meadows (habitat area of research conducted by Zalokar (1939). This Central-European moderately dry grasslands) and is an area surrounded by the roads Medno-Ljublja-fields. * Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, p. b. 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: urban@zrc-sazu.si 161 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 3. METHODS The vegetation was researched applying the standard Central-European method (Braun-Blanquet 1964, Westhoff & van der Maarel 1973). The phytosociological nomenclature is in accordance with Jarolímek et al. (1997), and the nomenclature of vascular plants follows Ehrendorfer et al. (1973), except for the species Setaria pumila (Poiret) Schultes in Schultes & Schultes fil. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Stellarietea mediae R. Tx., Lohmeyer et Preising in R. Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 Violenea arvensis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex Jarolímek et al. 1997 Centaureetalia cyani R. Tx., Lohmeyer et Prei sing in R. Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 Veronico-Euphorbion Sissingh ex Passarge 1964 Veronicetum trilobae-triphyllidi Slavnić 1951 corr. Holzner 1973 Atriplici-Chenopodietalia albi R. Tx. (1937) Nordhagen 1940 Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946 Alchemillo-Matricarietum R. Tx. 1937 BC Alchemilla arvensis-[Scleranthion annui] Spergulo-Oxalidion Görs in Oberd. et al. 1946 Panico-Chenopodietum R. Tx. 1937 Panico-Setarion Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946 Echinochloo-Setarietum Felföldy 1942 corr. Mucina 1993 1. Veronicetum trilobae-triphyllidi Slavnić 1951 corr. Holzner 1973 (Tab 1/1–15) The spring stands with the species Veronica hederifolia are common and well developed. Some character and differential species determined by Jarolímek et al. (1997) (Veronica triphyllos, Holosteum umbellatum...) are missing, however. On account of the altered land management these species are rare, but the syntaxon is clearly defined also because of the development in the spring agroecophase. Seasonal dynamics is one of the most important factors influencing the floristic composition of weed stands (Lososová et al. 2004). Figure 1: Resarch area. Slika 1: Raziskovano območje. 2. Alchemillo-Matricarietum R. Tx. 1937 & BC Alchemilla arvensis-[Scleranthion annui] (Tab 1/24–29 & 16–23) In the study area, the most characteristic cereal association in Slovenia is only rarely developed with a complete diagnostic combination of species, which is the result of the altered agrotechnical measures. Most of the cereal fields are weedless (on account of the thick canopy and herbicides), but also common are the stands where the character species Matricaria chamomilla is missing – these are classified as a basal community. Chamomile was rare also in the stands studied by Zalokar (1939), who determined Aphanes arvensis as the main character species. The stands in the entire study area are classified into the subassociation legousietosum Holzner 1973, which is charactaristic for the sites with a higher content of clayey particles, rich in nutrients and soil moisture. 3. Panico-Chenopodietum R. Tx. 1937 (Tab 1/30–52) This is a characteristic hoe-field association on wetter fields or in places where rainfall water is retained for a longer period of time. The character species Chenopodium polyspermum characterizes the syntaxon, as do also some more hygrophilous species. Similar to this association is the facies with the species Equisetum arvense, already described by Zalokar (1939), which is characterized by the species Calystegia sepium and Symphytum officianale, nowadays characterizing the alliance Spergulo-Oxalidion. 162 urban Šilc: Weed vegetation of tHe nortHern part of ljubljansko polje 4. Echinochloo-Setarietum Felföldy 1942 corr. Mucina 1993 (Tab 1/53–58) The soil on gravel is dry due to water permeability, which is the reason why a more thermophilous asscociation Echinochloo-Setarietum developed there. However, the boundary of this association with Polygono-Chenopodietum polyspermi (Krippelová 1979, Šilc 2005) is blurred despite their classification into different alliances. The stands of the latter association are rarer. 5. APPENDIX Other species: Medicago sativa 8: +; Trifolium sp. 8: +; Gnaphalium uliginosum 9: r; Knautia arvensis 12: +; Erophila verna 15: 1; Poa pratensis 16: +; Brassica oleracea 17: +; Sherardia arvensis 20: +; Agrostis gigantea 21: +; Odontites vernus 25: +; Trifolium campestre 27: +; Valerianella rimosa 27: +; Bromus hordeaceus 28: +; Festuca pratensis 28: 1; Vicia sp. 29: +; Carex hirta 31: 1; Cirsium vulgare 31: +; Dactylis glomerata 31: +; Hypericum humifusum 31: +; Scrophularia nodosa 31: 1; Verbascum sp. 31: +; Commelina communis 34: +; Centaurea jacea 36: +; Lathyrus pratensis 36: +; Hypericum perforatum 37: +; Acer pseudoplatanus 41: +; Mentha longifolia 41: +; Urtica dioica 41: +; Helianthus tuberosus 42: +; Salix alba 42: +; Polygonum mite 42: 1; Aegopodium podagraria 47: +; Galium mollugo 47: +; Picris hieracioides 47: +; Silene vulgaris 47: +; Galeopsis pubescens 51: 1; Lamium maculatum 51: +; Leucanthemum ircutianum 51: +; Tanacetum vulgare 52: +; Populus alba 53: +. Date (year/month/day), location, cultural plant and site description, latitude, longitude: 1. 2002/05/21, Sneberje, barley, 466894, 5103966; 2. 2002/05/14, Roje, Nemška cesta, cereals, field margin, 461718, 5106782; 3. 2002/05/14, Stanežiče, cereals, a field in the gravel pit, 457360, 5107339; 4. 2002/ 05/14, Gunclje, barley, 457934, 5106989; 5. 2002/ 05/14, Gunclje, cereals, 457878, 5106865; 6. 2002/ 05/14, Zgornje Gameljne, cereals, a sparsely sown field margin, 460716, 5108879; 7. 2002/05/14, Zgornje Gameljne, wheat, sparsely sown, very gravely soil, 461044, 5108912; 8. 2002/05/14, Srednje Gameljne, wheat, 461198, 5108958; 9. 2002/04/26, Bizovik, near the cemetery, a ploughed-up field, 466886, 5100030; 10. 2002/04/26, Žale, wheat, 464457, 5103415; 11. 2002/04/26, Sneberje, a ploughed-up field, 466826, 5103894; 12. 2002/04/22, Roje, Nemška cesta, corn stubble, 461580, 5107166; 13. 2002/04/22, Roje, Nemška cesta, chicory, 462295, 5106629; 14. 2002/ 04/22, Roje, Nemška cesta, wheat, 462379, 5106619; 15. 2002/04/22, Šentjakob, Jarški prod, an abandoned lettuce field, 466893, 5105331; 16. 2002/07/02, Šentvid, Roje, wheat, 459901, 5107628; 17. 2002/05/21, Sneberje, barley, 468363, 5104126; 18. 2002/06/27, Dolsko, wheat, 468808, 5105660; 19. 2002/06/27, Zalog, Sneberski prod, barley, 471028, 5103289; 20. 2002/06/27, Zalog, Sneberski prod, wheat, 470808, 5102766; 21. 2002/06/27, Sneberje, barley, 467559, 5104112; 22. 2002/05/21, Jarški prod, barley, 467161, 5104777; 23. 2002/06/04, Gameljne, wheat, 461020, 5108834; 24. 2002/06/04, Gunclje, wheat, 457857, 5106851; 25. 2002/06/04, Medno, Na Rojah, barley, 457235, 5108498; 26. 2002/06/04, Medno, Na Rojah, barley, 457418, 5108172; 27. 2002/06/04, Gameljne, barley, 461191, 5109016; 28. 2002/06/10, Gameljne, barley, 461044, 5108940; 29. 2002/07/02, Bizovik, wheat, 466981, 5099983; 30. 2002/09/05, Zalog, Prod, aploughed-upfield,471289,5103249; 31.2002/09/16, Stanežiče, corn stubble, 457268, 5107702; 32. 2002/ 09/16,Ježica,leek,kale,bean,turnip,461495,5106472; 33. 2002/06/27, Šmartno ob Savi, lettuce, 466760, 5104071; 34. 2002/09/05, Sneberje, a pile of gravel and sand, 466894, 5104155; 35. 2002/09/05, Bizovik, a ploughed-up field, 466909, 5100013; 36. 2002/09/06, Zg. Gameljne, turnip, 460230, 5108385; 37. 2002/ 09/06, Savlje, fallow ground cereals, 461204, 5105096; 38. 2002/09/06, Jarški prod, an abandoned ploughed- up field, 466560, 5104922; 39. 2002/09/06, Gameljne, carrots, lettuce, turnip, 461151, 5108974; 40. 2002/ 09/05,Zalog,Prod,turnip,471469,5103066; 41.2002/ 09/05, Zalog, Prod, carrots, 471803, 5103315; 42. 2002/09/05, Sneberje, Šmartno, a ploughed-up field, onion, 466729, 5104255; 43. 2002/09/05, Bizovik, cabbage, 466815, 5099792; 44. 2002/09/05, Bizovik, a ploughed-up field, 466879, 5099991; 45. 2002/ 09/06, Zg. Gameljne, lettuce, 460361, 5108389; 46. 2002/ 09/16, Medno, 457172, 5108599; 47. 2002/09/06, Jarškiprod,cabbage,466775,5104800; 48.2002/09/06, Šentvid, Roje, cabbage, 462176, 5106740; 49. 2002/ 09/06, Šentvid, Roje, an abandoned field, 462537, 5106556; 50. 2002/06/27, Sneberje, onion, 467570, 5104122; 51. 2002/09/06, Šentvid, Roje, cereal stubble, 459830, 5107648; 52. 2002/09/06, Tacen, an abandoned garden, 460002, 5108392; 53. 2002/09/05, Sneberje, carrots, kohlrabi, beets, 467908, 5104458; 54. 2002/09/05, Hrastje, cereal stubble, unsprayed with a herbicide, 467168, 5103145; 55. 2002/09/05, Hrastje, Šmartno, Jarše, bean, 466974, 5103021; 56. 2002/09/05, Hrastje, Šmartno, Jarše, beets, 466728, 5102858; 57. 2002/09/06, Jarški prod, an abandoned ploughed-up field, 466550, 5104906; 58. 2002/09/06, Tacen, potatoes, 460071, 5108375. 163 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Table 1: Weed vegetation of northeren Ljubljansko polje Tabela 1: Plevelna vegetacija severnega dela Ljubljanskega polja Table number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 121314151617181920212223242526272829 Relevé area (m2) 10 30 10 40 25 10 50 10 50 20 50100 50 15 5010020 50 50 40 70 50 50100150 50 40 50 50 Altitude (m) 280 295 320 320 320 300 310 310 268 296 286 302 300 298 279 302 280 280 275 282 310 318 305 270 273 300 310 302 290 Cover herb layer (%) 50 60 60 80 70 50 50 50 80 60 90 80 60 30 80 40 70 40 30 70 40 70 80 40 40 60 60 60 30 Number of sp. 1221121823182826261426212218252722161930263043283522332924 Veronicetum trilobae-triphyllidi Veronica hederifolia 133321113322323.+. . . . . . . . . .+. Alchemillo-Matricarietum Matricaria chamomilla +. . . . . . . . .+. . . .3221121+. . . . . . BC Alchemilla arvensis-[Scleranthion annui] Aphanes arvensis . . . . .11+.+. . . . . .11. .2.+1.1+1. Legousia speculum-veneris . . . .+. . .+. . . . .++.++++232222++ Panico-Chenopodietum Chenopodium polyspermum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+. . . . Echinochloo-Setarietum Fallopia convolvulus . . . .++. . . . . . . . .+.+. . .11.1. . .2 Echinochloa crus-galli ............................. Galinsoga parviflora ............................. Cirsium arvense .+++. .++++++1++.+.1+++1.++. .+ Chenopodium album . .+++. . .+.+.1. . .+. .+. . .+. . . . . Amaranthus retroflexus ............................. Setaria pumila ............................. Veronico-Euphorbion Lamium purpureum 3++122+2112212+ . + . +++++ . . + . + . Geranium pusillum . r . . . . . . . .++. . . .1. . . . . . . . . . . . Centaureetalia cyani Veronica persica +++2111121231+2+1++3+++ . . ++3+ Scleranthion annui Arabidopsis thaliana 11. . .+2++. .2+. . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . Centaurea cyanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . . . . . Matricaria discoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+. .+. . . . . . . . . Spergulo-Oxalidion Oxalis fontana . . . .+.+. . . . . . . . . . . . .++1++.+. . Bidens tripartita ............................. Calystegia sepium . .+.+.+. . . . . . . .+.++++++1+1.1+ Symphytum officinale . . . . . .+. . . . . . . . . . . .+2.+.+. .+. Atriplici-Chenopodietalia albi Myosotis arvensis . . .++. .1+. . . .+.+. . .++1++11+.1 Apera spica-venti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.211112111121 Violenea arvensis Viola arvensis . +1212+2++ . . + . +111+ . 122111212 Veronica arvensis ++.22++++++. .++.+. .1+.++. .++1 Sonchus asper . . . . . . . . . .+. . . .+. . . . . . . . . . . . . Anthemis arvensis .+. .++r . . . . . . . .+1. . .+12+.+221 Anagallis arvensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . . . . .+11. . . . Sonchus arvensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . Raphanus raphanistrum . .+. . . . . . .1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vicia hirsuta . . . . . . .+. . . . . . . . . . . . . .+. .+. . . Vicia tetrasperma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+. . . 164 urban Šilc: Weed vegetation of tHe nortHern part of ljubljansko polje 3031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758 Presence 50 100 100 100 15 100 50 100 15 100 100 100 200 50 50 50 50 200 100 100 50 200 25 100 100 200 100 150 100 276 306 290 298 281 287 295 308 287 299 275 274 300 287 283 295 315 282 300 300 288 300 300 281 287 292 282 287 300 10060 90 70 90 80 90 90 60 5010080 60 6010080 90 70 6010080 8010080 90 80 70 60 70 3832231921332743202834252829272627412627234229293020282829 1 2 3 4 5 Sum ............................. 1511 17 ....................+........ 28 1 11 ...............r............. 4441 13 ............................. 376 16 222211111++++++++++++++ . . . . . . 123 24 ..+...+.........+....+....... 2424 12 221+1112222221 . 231122 . 2212142 21627 + . 32 . 411+213+331++2222 . 3333+2 20626 +.++.1.+.+. . .11+++11.++1+++. . 126315440 1+11+112 . +11+11 . 12+11 . 12+11+1 62120635 2+1 . . 221 . ++2+11111+2 . +122+1+1 19625 11 . . 3+1+211 . 12++ . ++1 . 33+1+121 18624 +.11.+.+.1+. .2++1. .+.+.+11+.1 156213541 ...............+........+.... 31 116 ++. .++.1.+. . .1+++.+1++++21+.+ 158415547 ............................. 8 1 9 ............................. 1 1 ............................. 2 2 11.+.+.+.1. . . . . . . r . .+11. . .1. . 23310119 ........1..................+. 112 +. . .++. .++.+.+++11. . . .11. . .+1 37512330 11.......+++1.....+...2...... 1328 14 ..+...........+......+....... 5553 18 ............................. 76 13 .......1.............1....+.. 11 762127 .......+..................... 12441 21 +.+. . .+. . .+.+++. . .++.+.+. .1+. 11 10315 ............................. 455 14 +......1..+..........+....+.. 22419 ..1..+...2........+1..+...... 1 6 7 ........................+.... 2 13 ............................. 111 3 ............................. 1 1 165 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Table number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Stellarietea mediae Stellaria media + 1 . 1 + + + 1 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 . + . + 2 . + 1 1 + + 1 2 + Capsella bursa-pastoris 1 + . + + + + + 1 1 2 + + + 1 . 1 . + 2 + + + + . + 1 + . Amaranthus powellii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Papaver rhoeas . + 1 + + . . . + 1 + + + + + . + + 1 . + + + + 2 + + 1 + Galinsoga ciliata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygonum persicaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . Digitaria sanguinalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ssp. sanguinalis Mentha arvensis . . + . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 + + 1 + . . . Euphorbia helioscopia . . . . . . . . + + + . . . 1 . + . + . . . . . . . . . . Digitaria sanguinalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ssp. pectiniformis Panicum capillare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amaranthus lividus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solanum nigrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Veronica polita . . . . . + + . . . . + + + 2 . . . + . . . . . . . . + . Atriplex patula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . 1 . . + . . . . Senecio vulgaris . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sonchus oleraceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tripleurospermum inodorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lactuca serriola . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . + Portulaca oleracea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vicia angustifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . Ranunculus arvensis . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . Sinapis arvensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . Setaria viridis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panicum miliaceum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diplotaxis tenuifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brassica napus . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fumaria officinalis . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mercurialis annua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brassica rapa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vicia sativa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Armoracia rusticana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bromus hordeaceus . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . Galeopsis tetrahit . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . Eragrostis minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aethusa cynapium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fumaria vaillantii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sherardia arvensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . Avena sativa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygono-Poetea Plantago major . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 . . + . . . + . . . + . . Polygonum aviculare . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . 1 . + . . + . . . 1 . . . . Poa annua + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + 2 . . 1 . . . . . . . . . Bidentetea Polygonum lapathifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ssp. lapathifolia Rorippa sylvestris . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 . + . . . . 1 . . Polygonum lapathifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ssp. incana 166 urban Šilc: Weed vegetation of tHe nortHern part of ljubljansko polje 3031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758 Presence 1 . 1 2 . 1 1 2 . 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 + + 14 5 6 19 6 50 + . + + . + + + + + + . + + + + . 1 . + + + . + . 1 + + + 14 6 4 17 5 46 1 . 3 2 + 1 + 1 + . 3 1 1 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 + 21 6 27 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 11 6 6 2 25 + . 1 2 . 2 2 + . 1 2 1 4 1 1 3 2 + 3 3 3 1 . + . 1 1 + 1 19 5 24 + + + 1 + + + 1 . 1 . . 2 + + . + + . + . . 1 + + + . + . 1 2 16 4 23 3 + . . . 3 1 2 . 1 1 1 . 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 . 2 1 + 2 2 2 . 3 17 5 20 1 . + . . . + . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . . . 2 3 3 3 7 2 18 + . . + . + + + . . 2 . . + + + + . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4 2 11 1 18 . . . . . 1 . 1 . . + 1 . + 1 + + + + + . . . + + + 1 . + 11 5 16 2 2 . . 3 + 2 . + . 2 . . . . . . 1 . . . + 2 1 . . . 2 . 10 2 12 . . 2 . . + . . . . + . + . . . . 2 . 1 + . . + . 1 + + . 7 4 11 + + . . 1 . . 1 . . . + . . . . . 1 + . . + . 1 . . + . . 8 2 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + 6 1 1 1 1 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + 1 . . . . + . 3 1 3 1 8 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . + . . . . . . . . . 2 4 6 . + . . + + . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 5 1 6 1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . 1 . 1 4 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1 5 . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 2 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 1 1 3 . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 3 . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + 2 1 3 . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . + . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 + + + . . + + 1 1 1 + + . . . . + . + + + . . + + 1 1 + 1 3 1 15 5 25 . . . . + + . + . + . . + . + + + . . + + 2 + + + + + + + 2 3 1 12 6 24 . . . 1 . . . + + . . + 1 . . . . . + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . 3 3 9 15 2 1 2 . . + 1 1 2 . 2 . . + 1 + 1 1 2 + . . + 1 . . . 1 . 16 2 18 + . . + . . + . . + . 1 2 . . . . 1 . . . . . + + . . + + 1 3 1 7 4 16 . . 1 . . + . + . . 1 . . . + . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 167 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Table number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Plantago major . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + + . . . . ssp. intermedia Chenopodium ficifolium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Myosoton aquaticum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sedo-Scleranthetea Arenaria serpyllifolia . 2 . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . + + . + . + Valerianella locusta . 1 . . 1 . + 1 . . . . + . 1 . . . . 1 . + + . . . + . . Chaenarrhinum minus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . Saxifraga tridactylites . 1 . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cerastium tenoreanum . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . Valerianella dentata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . Artemisietea Erigeron annuus . . . . . + + . + . + + . . + + . . . + + + . . . . + . . Agropyron repens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + + + 1 + . . + . . Silene alba ssp. alba . + . + . . + . . . + . + . . . . . . . . + + + . . 1 2 . Tussilago farfara . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia vulgaris . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . + . Conyza canadensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + Daucus carota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Melilotus alba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 Verbena officinalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambrosia artemisiifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Galio-Urticetea Galium aparine . + + 1 + + . + + . . . . 1 + . . . . + + 1 + + + 2 . + + Glechoma hederacea . . . . . . . + . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . Solidago canadensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lapsana communis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale agg. . . . . . . . + + . + + + . + + . + + + + . + + . . + + + Ranunculus repens . + . + . . + + . . . . . + + . . . . . . + + + + + + . . Poa trivialis + 1 . + + + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 + + . . . . 1 1 + + . + + + . . Rumex obtusifolius . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + . . . + . . . + . . + . . . Achillea millefolium . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . + . . 1 . . . + + . Trifolium repens . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . Lolium multiflorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + + + . + + . . + 1 . Plantago lanceolata . . . . . . . + + . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . + . . . . Trifolium pratense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + . . . . + Potentilla reptans . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . Vicia cracca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . Pastinaca sativa . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . Cerastium holosteoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . + . + . + Stachys palustris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . Medicago lupulina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Lysimachia vulgaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . Lotus corniculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lolium perenne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . Heracleum sphondylium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . Arrhenatherum elatius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . Agrostis stolonifera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vicia sepium . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . Lysimachia nummularia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . 168 urban Šilc: Weed vegetation of tHe nortHern part of ljubljansko polje 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 Presence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . + 2 1 4 2 1 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 1 10 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . + . 1 3 1 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 + + . . . . . . + . + + + . . . + + . . . + . . + . + + . 6 4 1 9 3 23 . . . . . + + . . + + + . + + + . . + . + 1 . 2 + . . . + 5 2 11 3 21 . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . 1 . . . . 1 . . + . . . . 5 2 3 4 1 15 + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 2 1 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 2 1 3 . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 1 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 + . . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 9 4 5 3 1 22 . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 7 . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . + . + + + . 1 . + . . . + . . + + + + . + . + + . 1 . + 6 6 4 12 4 32 + + . . 1 . + . 1 + + . . . . . . . + . . + + + . . . . . 6 2 4 10 1 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 14 4 3 1 22 . + + . . . . + . + + + . + + . . + + . . + . . + . . . . 5 2 1 11 1 20 . + . . . + . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . + . . + . . . . 3 2 2 5 1 13 . . . . + . . + . + . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . + + . 1 3 5 2 11 . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . 5 3 2 1 11 . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . + . 3 1 1 4 1 10 . . . . . . . + . + . . + . . . + . . . . + . . . . + . . 2 2 5 1 10 . + . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 1 3 6 . . . . . + + . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5 6 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 1 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . 1 3 4 . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 2 1 4 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 169 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Table number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 121314151617181920212223242526272829 Other Convolvulus arvensis +1. . . .1++.+.+r .1+1. .+++1++1+1 Cerastium glomeratum ++. . .+++. .11+++.++.1. .+. . .1+. Equisetum arvense . . . . . .++. . . .1. . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . Matricaria sp. .......++.................... Cardamine hirsuta . . . . .+.+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cirsium vulgare ............................. Centaurium pulchellum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+. . . . . . . .+. . . . 6. REFERENCES Perko, D. & Orožen Adamič, M. 1998: Slovenija – pokrajine in ljudje. Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana, Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grund-735 pp. züge der Vegetationskunde. Springer Verlag, Šilc, U. 2005: Die Unkrautvegetation im Bereich Wien, 865 pp. Südost-Slowenien. Tuexenia 25: 235–250. Ehrendorfer, F. 1973: Liste der Gefässpflanzen Šilc, U. & Čarni, A. 2005: Changes in weed vegeta- Mitteleuropas. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, tion on extensively managed fields of central 318 pp. Slovenia between 1939 and 2002. Biologia (Bra- Jarolímek, I., Zaliberová, M., Mucina, L. & Moch-tislava) 60(4): 409–416. nacký, S. 1997: Rastlinné spoločenstvá Sloven-Westhoff, V. & Van der Maarel, E. 1973: The Braunska, 2. Synantropná vegetácia. Veda vydavateľstvo Blanquet approach. In: Whittaker, R. H. (eds.): slovenskej akademie vied, Bratislava, 416 pp. Ordination and Classification of Communities. Krippelová, T. 1979: Sur la problematique des com-Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp. 617– munautés des alliances Polygono-Chenopodion 727. Koch 1926 em Sissingh et Panico-Setarion Sissin-Wraber, M. 1969: Pflanzengeographische Stellung gh 1946 dans le bassin de Košice (Slovaquie und Gliederung Sloweniens. Vegetatio 17 (1–6): Sud-Est). Not. Fitosoc. 15: 21–25. 176–199. Lososová, Z., Chytrý, M., Cimalová, Kropáč, Z. , Zalokar, M. 1937: Poljski plevel. Proteus 4: 201–207. Otýpková, Z., Pyšek, P. & Tichý, L. 2004: Weed Zalokar, M. 1939: Vegetacija ruderalnih in plevelvegetation of arable land in Central Europe: natih tal v Ljubljanski kotlini. Ljubljana. (manu- Gradients of diversity and species composition. script stored in the Department of Biology, Uni- Journal of Vegetation Science 15: 415–422. versity of Ljubljana). Recieved 20. 3. 2005 Revision recieved 10. 6. 2005 Accepted 7. 10. 2005 170 urban Šilc: Weed vegetation of tHe nortHern part of ljubljansko polje 3031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758 Presence +.+. .1.+.1+. .11+. .+++21.1.+.+ 86614337 1..........+................. 10422 18 21....+....12.....+...++..... 3 17112 ............................. 2 2 ............................. 2 2 .+........................... 1 1 ............................. 11 2 171