HACQUETIA 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 A PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE VEGETATION OF THE CENTRAL ADRIATIC SECTOR OF THE ITALIAN PENINSULA Marina AllegrezzA*, edoardo BIOndI* & Silvia FelICI* Abstract We present here a phytosociological study of the vegetation of a sub-coastal hill in the Central Adriatic sector (southern Marche region) of the Italian peninsula. This analysis has revealed the great biogeographical value of the territory under study, as seen by the vegetation typologies, among which we propose the following new associations: Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis, Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis, Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris, Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis, Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae, Lonicero etruscae-Coronilletum emeroidis, Asperulo aristatae-Cistetum eriocephali, Cistetum eriocephalisalvifolii, Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti, Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae and Ononido reclinatae- Plantaginetum bellardii. These are accompanied by numerous newly proposed subassociations, along with variants of previously described syntaxa. Key words: central Adriatic, biodiversity, biogeography, phytosociology, Italy, syntaxonomy, vegetation. Izvleček V članku je predstavljena fitocenološka študija vegetacije obalnega gričevja v osrednjem jadranskem sektorju (južna regija Marche) na italijanskem polotoku. Analiza je pokazala veliko biogeografsko vrednost raziskovanega območja glede vegetacijske tipologije. Predlagamo naslednje nove asociacije: Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis, Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis, Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris, Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis, Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae, Lonicero etruscae- Coronilletum emeroidis, Asperulo aristatae-Cistetum eriocephali, Cistetum eriocephali-salvifolii, Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti, Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae in Ononido reclinatae-Plantaginetum bellardii. Obenem so opisani sintaksoni členjeni na številne subasociacije in variante. Ključne besede: biodiverziteta, biogeografija, fitocenologija, Italija, sintaksonomija, vegetacija. 1. InTrOdUCTIOn fiore dell’Aso and Monterubbiano. The area sees the emergence of geologically young terrain that The aim of the present study is the phytosociologi-arises from a marine Plio-Pleistocene series, that, cal analysis of the vegetation in a sub-coastal hill in turn, is in angular disparity with the underlysector in the Central Adriatic area, that is delineat-ing laga formation (Cantalamessa & al. 1986). For ed by the Aso and Tesino river basins, in southern its climatic characteristics, and based upon the Marche, in the Province of Ascoli Piceno (Fig. 1). bioclimatic classification of rivas-Martinez & al. The study area is characterised by a low-hill (2001), the study area presents in part a mesoMedlandscape that extends inland from the coast for iterranean bioclimatic belt of the mediterranean around 30 km, following the lines of the hills up to macrobioclimate, and in part a submediterranean an altitude of around 500 m above sea level, where variant of the oceanic temperate macrobioclimate there are the small towns of ripatransone, Monte-(Fig. 2). * dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e delle Produzioni Vegetali, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona 135 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Figure 1: The map of the study area. Slika 1: Raziskovano območje. The main feature of the landscape is agricultural, with quality production that has been historically and culturally recognised, such as that of grapes and olives. The remains of the forest vegetation are of noted biodiversity interest in that they have been recognised as “aree floristiche protette” (areas of protected flora), as given by legge regionale number 52 of 1974, and as a “Site of Community Importance” (SCI). The study area was previously the object of floristic and vegetational investigations, although these were exclusively concerned with the forest and shrub formations (Manzi 1991, 2004). The present study was thus aimed at gaining a more complete understanding of the vegetational characteristics of the area, as a basis for synphytosociological and geosynphytosociological studies. 136 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Figure 2: Bioclimatic diagrams and bioclimatic classifica- tion of Rivas-Martinez & al. (2001) . Slika 2: Bioklimatski diagrami in bioklimatska členitev po Rivas-Martinez & al. (2001) . 2. MATerIAlS And MeTHOdS The vegetational study here presented was carried out according to the classical Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) and the latter development of the plant landscape and sinphytosociolological metodologies (géhu & rivas-Martinez 1981; Biondi 1994). The sampling was undertaken in a precise manner, paying specific attention to the variations in the geological and geomorphological characteristics of the soils. For the determination of the species and of their chorological and biological characterisation, the following texts were used: Flora d’Italia (Pignatti 1982) and Flora euro- pea (Tutin & al. 1964–1980). The classification of the relevés relative to the forest typologies was carried out using the multivariate analysis package of ArCVeg2 (Burba & al. 1992). The methods used were those of complete linkage (Andergerg 1973) on the similarity ratio matrix between the relevés. The ordering of the relevés followed the method proposed by Feoli & zuccarello (1986, 1988), based on the description of groups of relevés as fuzzy sets (zadeh 1965) and on their use as ordering axes. 3. reSUlTS And dISCUSSIOn 3.1 The forest vegetation Ten Mediterranean and subMediterranean forest typologies were recognized in the study area. The typically Mediterranean forest coenoses are represented by Aleppo pine woods, of the order Pistacio- Rhamnetalia alaterni, and by ilex woods and laurel woods, of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis, mainly spread through the sub-coastal sector. The deciduous woods comprise hornbeam and flowering ash woods and subMediterranean oak woods of the suballiance Lauro nobilis-Quercenion pubescentis, which in the more internal hill sectors become communities similar to those of the Apennines, of the suballiance Laburno-Ostryenion carpinifoliae. Finally, the mesohygrophilous and hygrophilous woods of the river channels are of alder, maple, poplar and willow that can be attributed to the orders Populetalia albae and Salicetalia purpureae. The dendrogram of the relevés given in Figure 3 shows two main groups according to the geomorphological characteristics of the substrata, which in turn determine the water availability for the vegetation. The first group includes the relevés of the Mediterranean and subMediterranean xerophilous 137 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Figure 3: Dendrogram and classification of the forest relevés. Slika 3: Dendrogram in klasifikacija popisov gozdne vegetacije. phytocoenoses, which are typical of the sub-coastal the forest phytocoenoses of the alliance Oleo-Cera sector with well-drained soils: Coronillo emeroidis-Pi-tonion (Fig. 4). netum halepensis, Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubes centis and Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis, which are found on substrata with mainly sandy (arenites and sand, gravel and sand; sandy-lime colluvial de posits) or calcareous (conglomerates) components. The second group of relevés includes instead rela tively mesoxerophilous, subMediterranean and pre- Apennine forest typologies that are spread through the more internal hill sector: Asparago acutifolii-Os tryetum carpinifoliae and Scutellario-Ostryetum carpini foliae, which are found on substrata with mainly pelitic components (sandy-lime colluvial deposits, pelitic-arenaceous formations) and consequently on soils with a good water-retention ability. This sec ond group also includes the Mediterranean ravine vegetation of the association Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis. The ordering of the phytocoenoses on the basis of the floristic data along the fuzzy sets reveals the thermal gradient that reaches its maximum with Figure 4: Ordination of the forest associations on the basis of the cluster 1 and 6 fuzzy sets. Slika 4: Ordinacija gozdnih asociacij na osnovi klastrov 1 in 6. 138 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis ass. nova – pinetosum halepensis subass. nova (rel. numbers 1–5 of Table 1; typus rel. number 1 of Table 1) – viburnetosum tini subass. nova (rel. numbers 6–9 of Table 1; typus rel. number 9 of Table 1) The pine wood of Pinus halepensis is frequently found on the sea-facing sandstone paleocliffs of the sub-coastal sector under study, on arenite and sand in various states of compaction. The structure is that typical of a natural pine wood, with a thin and completely non-coeval tree coverage. In the tree layer, as well as pine, there are also rare examples of Quercus virgiliana; in the vine and shrub layer, Rhamnus alaternus, Laurus nobilis, Coronilla emerus ssp. emeroides, Lonicera etrusca, Rubia peregrina, Smilax aspera, etc. are frequently found; while in the herbaceous layer, there is always Asparagus acutifolius, as well as Ampelodesmos mauritanicus. Table 1 shows the phytosociological relevés carried out in the Marche sub-coastal sector (rel. 1–3), to which have been added those from the Abruzzo sub-hilly sector (rel. 4–9, taken from Pirone 1985). The elaboration of the table reveals the floristic analogy between the defined coenoses, and recognises a new vegetal association that we have named Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis. The characteristic and differential species of this new association are: Pinus halepensis, Coronilla emerus ssp. emeroides, Lonicera etrusca and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus. As well as the typical silicole aspect indicated by the subassociation pinetosum halepensis, Table 1 shows the new subassociation viburnetosum tini that is differentiated by Viburnum tinus, Fraxinus ornus, Carex flacca and Stipa bromoides. This indicates the mesoxerophilous aspect of the association, which is found on substrata in which the sandy component is associated with a certain level of lime and clay. The new association Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis represents the mesoMediterranean vicariant af the association Pistacio lentisci-Pinetum halepensis (de Marco & Caneva 1985) and the siliceous geovicariant of the association Junipero oxycedri-Pinetum halepensis described for the coastal sector of liguria (Vagge 2000). Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis Biondi 1986 – ampelodesmetosum mauritanici subass. nova (rel. numbers 1–4; typus rel. number 4 of Table 2) – lauretosum nobilis Biondi & Allegrezza 2004 (rel. numbers 5–11) In the study area, the oak wood of the associa tion Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis is found in two main aspects (Table 2). The xerophilous one of the new subassociation ampelodesmetosum mauritanici, differentiated by Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, is found at the top of the heights, on lightly compacted to loose gravel and sand or on conglomerates, although in this case it is exclusively on the more level morphologies that allow the conservation of the soil. The mesoxerophilous aspect of the oak wood, referred to the sub-association lauretosum nobilis, is instead found on the aspects that are characterised by the presence of sandy-lime colluvial deposits in which the fine component and the lower solar irradiation, which is due to the mainly northern exposure, favour the constant presence of a discrete edaphic humidity. Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis Biondi, Casavecchia & gigante 2003 – variant with Erica arborea (rel. numbers 2–5 of Table 3) The holm-oak wood is found on the steep slopes of selective erosion that have caused the emergence of the upper greatly compacted conglomerates. The wood is referred to the association Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis (Biondi & al. 2003), which includes ilex woods that are widely spread throughout the coastal areas of the Mediterranean region, and locally in the Apennine areas. The study area includes a silicole variant with Erica arborea, differentiated by Erica arborea and Arbutus unedo, belonging to this association. Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis ass. nova (typus rel. number 3 of Table 4) Along the ravines that cut perpendicularly across the sandstone paleocliffs, on damp sandy- lime-colluvial deposits, and in connection with the oak woods and the hornbeam and flowering ash woods of the slopes, there are dense, poor-inspecies, high-shrub formations of Laurus nobilis accompanied by a high number of vine species characteristic of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis (Table 4). Laurus nobilis is a species that in the Mediterranean environment prefers microclimatic conditions of high humidity, as are found, indeed, in the ravines and along the narrow valley- like cuts. For these forest communities we propose the new association Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis, for which the characteristic and differential species are: Laurus nobilis, Fraxinus ornus, Rubia peregrina, Hedera helix and Smilax aspera. This association is part of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis and represents the central-eastern mesomediterranean vicariant of the association Hedero helicis-Lauretum 139 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 nobilis described for the Cantabrian coast (Bueno Sanchez & Fernandez Prieto 1991). Asparago acutifolii-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Biondi 1982 – variant with Arbutus unedo (rel. number 7 of Table 5) The hornbeam and flowering ash wood of the association Asparago acutifolii-Ostryetum carpinifoliae (Table 5) is found at the base of the slopes of the heights in the internal hill sector, on sandy-lime colluvial deposits with a high edaphic humidity. This is a typical submediterranean wood, with a mix of deciduous and evergreen species that is differentiated locally from the typical association by the presence of strictly Mediterranean species, such as Arbutus unedo, Quercus ilex and Myrtus communis. The variant with Arbutus unedo (rel. 7 of Table 5) is found on sandy patches. Scutellario columnae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Pedrotti, Ballelli & Biondi ex Pedrotti et al. 1980 – viburnetosum tini subass. nova (typus rel. number 1 of Table 6) In the innermost hill sector, in correspond ence with the narrow valleys in conditions of high edaphic humidity and on deep and well-structured soils, the hornbeam and flowering ash woods of the association Asparago-Ostryetum carpinifoliae are substituted by those of the association Scutellario- Ostryetum carpinifoliae, here present in the new subassociation viburnetosum tini (Table 6). The new subassociation indicates the connection between the Apennine hornbeam and flowering ash woods of the suballiance Laburno-Ostryenion carpinifoliae with those submediterranean of the suballiance Lauro-Quercenion pubescentis. The differential species of the new subassociation are considered to be: Viburnum tinus, Rubia peregrina, Laurus nobilis, Rosa sempervirens and Asparagus acutifolius. Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris ass. nova (typus rel. number 1 of Table 7) The forest communities with a dominance of Acer campestre (Table 7) is found on the more stable sides of the small valleys cut by seasonal river and water courses, on deep and damp soils and in catenal connection with the poplar wood of Populus canescens, of the association Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis. This is a relatively mesophilous wood with a dominance of Acer campestre with Ulmus minor, Quercus virgiliana and locally with Populus canescens and Salix alba. In the shrub layer there are: Rubia peregrina, Laurus nobilis, Asparagus acutifolius, Cornus sanguinea, Hedera helix, etc., while in the herbaceous layer, there are: Brachypodium rupestre, Clematis vitalba, Carex flacca, etc. We propose the new association Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris of which the characteristic species are considered to be: Ulmus minor, Rubia peregrina, Cornus sanguinea and Laurus nobilis. This new association is considered as a geographic vicariant of Lithospermo-Ulmetum carpinifoliae O. Bolos 1956, described for the Province of Barcelona (Bolos 1956). It is differentiated from the latter by the abundance of Acer campestre, Asparagus acutifolius and Quercus virgiliana, which are considered to be differential species of the new association. Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis ass. nova (typus rel. number 1 of Table 8) – variant with Sambucus nigra (rel. numbers 5–7) The mesohygrophilous riparian woods with a dominance of Populus canescens are found on the recent alluvial terraces of the river beds, on soils characterised by a high edaphic humidity. Populus canescens, a hybrid between Populus alba and Populus tremula, has a typically eurasiatic distribution; in Italy, the southern limits of its distribution coincide with the most humid areas of Marche and Umbria, up to 600 m. As well as Populus canescens, the tree layer of the forest formation includes Populus nigra, Salix alba, Salix apennina, Ulmus minor, Acer campestre, etc. In the shrub and vine layer, there are: Laurus nobilis, Rubia peregrina, Hedera helix, Rubus ulmifolius, Cornus sanguinea, Clematis vitalba, etc., while the herbaceous layer includes: Brachypodium sylvaticum, Ajuga reptans, Stachys sylvatica, etc. The characteristic and differential species of the new association are considered to be: Populus canescens, Clematis vitalba, Laurus nobilis, Rubia peregrina, Rubus ulmifolius and Salix apennina (Table 8). This association also has a variant with Sambucus nigra (rel. 5–7), which is associated with a greater organic matter content of the soils. Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae ass. nova (typus rel. number 13 of Table 9) In the beds of the main water courses and in the wide and deep cuts at the base of the badlands, in conditions of constantly wet substratum, thre is a riparian forest vegetation with a dominance of Salix alba (Table 9). The tree layer of the willow wood is covered by a thick tangle of vines, which includes: Clematis vitalba, Vitis riparia x berlandieri, Hedera helix, Rosa sempervirens and Rubia peregrina ssp. longi 140 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … folia. In the shrub layer there are: Rubus ulmifolius, Rubus caesius, Ulmus minor, Sambucus nigra, Cornus sanguinea, Salix apennina, Acer campestre, etc., and in the herbaceous layer, there are: Carex pendula, Stachys sylvatica, Arum italicum, Galium aparine, etc. The willow woods with Salix alba that are found on the Italian peninsula have been referred to the association Salicetum albae Issler 1926, described for the water courses that cross the central european plains, with the exception of those in the mesomediterranean sectors of Calabria and Sicily, that have been included in the associations Salicetum albae-brutiae and Salicetum albae-pedicellatae, respectively. The willow woods with Salix alba of central Italy, however, do not have the same floristic composition as those of central europe, in that they are relatively disturbed phytocoenoses in which there are found species with a mainly Mediterranean and euromediterranean distribution, which allow them to be attributed to a distinct association named Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae. Table 9 shows the relevés carried out on the willow woods of some of the rivers of the Adriatic aspect of the Italian peninsula (Pirone 1991; Pirone & al. 1997; Baldoni & Biondi 1993; Allegrezza 2003) that we have attributed to this new association, for which the characteristic species are: Salix alba, Rubus ulmifolius, Clematis vitalba and Vitis berlandieri x riparia. Moreover, there are other species that can be considered differential with respect to Salicetum albae Issler 1926: Hedera helix, Rubia peregrina ssp. longifolia, Arum italicum, Salix apennina, Laurus nobilis, Rosa sempervirens and Fraxinus oxycarpa. This new association, which has been included in the alliance Salicion albae, represents the geographic vicariant of the association Salicetum albae Issler 1926 of central europe and of the associations Salicetum albae-brutiae and Salicetum albae-pedicellatae described for Calabria and Sicily, for the areas with a Mediterranean (mesomediterranean bioclimatic belt) and temperate (submediterranean variant) bioclimate of central Italy. Lauro-Alnetum glutinosae Brullo & guarino 1998 (The table is in Manzi 2004: table n. 5) This association has been described for the surroundings of the garda lake, and was that to which Manzi (Table 5 in Manzi 2004) referred the alder woods found in the study area, and those also found by the same author in the Abruzzo coastal sector, delineated by the Moro and Sangro rivers. The riparian wood of Laurus nobilis and Alnus glutinosa is found locally at the bottom of the valleys formed by the perennial, although modest, water courses. The association represents the submediterranean vicariant of Aro italici-Alnetum glutinosae, spread throughout the Apennine and pre-Apennine sector of northern-central Italy (Pedrotti & gafta 1996). 3.2 The pre-forest and shrub vegetation The numerous associations of pre-forest and shrub vegetation found in the study area belong to four main groups, which are defined on the basis of their floristic and ecological characteristics, and to which various syntaxonomic classifications correspond: Oleo-Ceratonion, Cytision sessilifolii, Pruno- Rubion ulmifolii and Salicion eleagni. The associations of the first group belong to the alliance Oleo-Ceratonion: Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae and Coronillo valentinae-Ampelodesmetum mauritanici, are found in strictly Mediterranean conditions. In particular, Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae, which is differentiated by Erica multiflora and Myrtus communis, has a specific biogeographical interest, in that these species find here the limit of their northern distribution along the western coast of the Adriatic Sea. The second group of associations, referred to the alliance Cytision sessilifolii: Asparago acutifolii- Osyridetum albae and Lonicero etruscae-Coronilletum emeroidis, are found in typically submediterranean conditions, while the third and fourth groups, in which are included the associations Lonicero etruscae-Cornetum sanguineae and Ulmo minoris-Salicetum apenninae, of the alliances Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii and Salicion eleagni, respectively, refer to the edaphomesophilous and edaphohygrophilous vegetation of the narrow valleys. Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae Allegrezza, Biondi, Ballelli & Formica 1997 – ericetosum arboreae subass. nova (rel. numbers 1–11; typus rel. number 6 of Table 10) – variant with Colutea arborescens (rel. 1–3 of Table 10) – variant with Myrtus communis (rel. 8–11 of Table 10) This shrub vegetation is in dynamic connection with the ilex woods of the association Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis. It is constituted by: Coronilla emerus ssp. emeroides, Spartium junceum, Juniperus oxycedrus, Pistacia lentiscus, Erica arborea and Erica multiflora, with a strong presence of Ampelodesmos 141 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 mauritanicus. The association has been described for the Valle del Serra in Umbria (Allegrezza & al. 1997), and in the study area it is included in the new subassociation ericetosum arboreae, with a silicole character, in that it develops on the upper conglomerates and sands. The species that are considered to be differential of the new subassociation are: Erica arborea, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus and Cistus salvifolius. Two variants of this are given in Table 10, which demonstrate the structural succession of the vegetation: the variants with Colutea arborescens and with Myrtus communis. The former represents the pioneering aspect of the association, and it is characterised by a strong presence of hemicryptophytes, among which there is Ampelodesmos mauritanicus. The latter variant, with Myrtus communis, highlights the more mature aspect of the phytocoenosis, which has in this case a high-shrub physiognomy. This more mature aspect was included by Manzi (2004) in the association Myrto-Ericetum multiflorae described for lucania (Fascetti 1997). The comparison between the phytosociological tables reveals, however, that the lucania vegetation has a greater thermophilous and Mediterranean quality, as indicated by a group of species with a thermo- Mediterranean distribution, including: Arisarum vulgare, Olea europaea var. sylvestris and Prasium ma- jus, which were not seen in the present study area. We therefore conclude that this above-mentioned feature can be included in the variant with Myrtus communis of the association indicated above. Coronillo valentinae-Ampelodesmetum mauritanici Biondi 1986 – ampelodesmetosum mauritanici subass. nova (rel. numbers 1–2 of Table 11; typus rel. number 5 of Table 8 in Biondi, 1986 – subass. typus) – pinetosum halepensis subass. nova (rel. numbers 3– 4 of Table 11; typus rel. number 4 of Table 11) The vegetation belonging to this association has been described for Monte Conero (Biondi 1986), and in the study area it is found on the south-facing sandstone paleocliffs, on sandy and well-drained soils, as well as in conditions of greater humidity due to patches of lime and clay, which are present on the sea-facing slopes. In the first of these conditions, even if it is impoverished by the absence of Coronilla valentina, the vegetation has a typical feature (rel. 1–2) that is referred, in this paper, to the new sub- association ampelodesmetosum mauritanici. On conditions characterized by greater humidity, the subassociation pinetosum halepensis is found, differentiated by: Pinus halepensis, Quercus virgiliana, Arundo plini ana and Pulicaria odora. The pinetosum halepensis subassociation corresponds to permanent vegetation, in that the continuing erosive phenomena actually impede its evolution towards the forest vegetation. Asparago acutifolii-Osyridetum albae Allegrezza, Bion- di, Ballelli & Formica 1997 In contact with the thermoxerophilous oak wood of the association Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis subassociation ampelodesmetosum mauritanici, there is locally a pre-mantle of Osyris alba of the association Asparago acutifolii-Osyridetum albae (Table 12), of the alliance Cytision sessilifolii. Lonicero etruscae-Coronilletum emeroidis ass. nova (typus rel. number 4 of Table 13) The mesoxerophilous vegetation mantle with Coronilla emerus ssp. emeroides of the association that is proposed is found in contact with the oak woods of the association Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis subass. lauretosum nobilis and the hornbeam and flowering ash woods of the association Asparago acutifolii-Ostryetum carpinifoliae. This association dominated by Coronilla emerus ssp. emeroides, represents the submediterranean vicariant of the association Spartio juncei-Cytisetum sessilifolii. The characteristic and differential species of the association are: Lonicura etrusca, Rubia peregrina and Smilax aspera. Loniceroetruscae-Cornetumsanguineae Biondi,Bagella, Casavecchia & Pinzi 2002 This association has been described for the dense phytocoenoses of Cornus sanguinea that are found on the marl-arenaceous cliffs of Monte Conero (Biondi & al. 2002), and in the study area it is found mainly on the damp, clayey substrata of the steeper slopes that are suffering from erosive phenomena. With respect to its analogous phytocoenosis of Monte Conero, this association is differentiated by the presence of Populus canescens, Populus tremula and Salix apennina, which indicate the high water content of the substratum (Table 14). Ulmo minoris-Salicetum apenninae Biondi & Vagge 2004 In contact with the poplar wood of the association Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis and locally with the willow wood of the association Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae, there is a high-shrub, pre-forest formation of Salix apennina and Ulmus minor with: Rubus caesius, Cornus sanguinea, etc. This can be referred to the association Ulmo minoris-Salicetum apenninae (Table 15), which has been described for 142 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … the analogous phytocoenoses of the San Marino territory (Biondi & Vagge 2004). Salix apennina, endemic in the Apennines, is mainly found along the water courses of the supra-temperate bioclimatic belt, where two associations have been described: Salicetum apenninae Pedrotti, Spada & Conti 1996 for the Abruzzo sector, and Lonicero xylostei-Salicetum apenninae Biondi & Casavecchia 2002 for the Marche-Tuscany sector. 3.3 The garigue The garigue associations identified in the study area have been included in the alliance Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae that groups together the nanophanerophytic and chamaeophytic vegetations present along the central-southern coasts of the Italian peninsula and on the main islands, in the thermomediterranean and mesomediterranean bioclimatic belts (Biondi 2000). Asperulo aristatae-Fumanetum thymifoliae Allegrezza, Biondi, Ballelli & Formica 1997 – variant with Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus (rel. numbers 2–4 of Table 16) In correspondence with the emergence of the heavily compacted upper conglomerates and arenites, there is the dense, small, chamaeophytic vegetation of Fumana thymifolia and Micromeria graeca that is referred to the association Asperulo aristatae-Fumanetum thymifoliae (Table 16). In the conditions of a sandy substratum that is relatively loose, the association is present in the variant with Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus (rel. numbers 2–4). Asperulo aristatae-Cistetum eriocephali ass. nova (typus rel. number 2 of Table 17) The low-shrub garigue of Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus (Table 17) is present in the summit sectors of the hills, on substratum constituted by gravel and lightly compacted sand, and in dynamic connection with the xerophilous oak woods of the association Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis subass. ampelodesmetosum mauritanici. This new association, for which the characteristic and differential species are considered to be: Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus, Asperula aristata and Spartium junceum, represents the Mediterranean vicariant on siliceous substrata of the association Saturejo montanae-Cistetum eriocephali, which has been described for the Marche heights of Monte San Vicino (Allegrezza 2003). Cistetum eriocephali-salvifolii ass. nova (typus rel. number 3 of Table 18) – variant with Agropyron pungens (rel. numbers 1–3 of Table 18) On the summits of the sandstone paleocliffs and in correspondence with loose sandy deposits, a low-shrub garigue of Cistus salviifolius and Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus is found, which is referred to the new association Cistetum eriocephali-salvifolii (Table 18), for which these same species are considered as characteristic. Within this association, the alophilous variant with Agropyron pungens has been identified (rel. 1–3), in the relevés from the Abruzzo coast (rel. 1–3 of Table 3 from Tammaro & Pirone 1981). The dynamic connection of the garigue with the pine wood of the association Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis is indicated by the constant presence of Pinus halepensis in the shrub layer. 3.4 Perennial herbaceous vegetation Among the perennial herbaceous phytocoenoses present in the sub-coastal Mediterranean sector of the study area, the vegetation of Cymbopogon hirtus and the sub-nitrophilous, post-cultivation vegetation of Oryzopsis miliacea are of particular biogeographical interest. These are two species that are widely spread in the thermomediterranean and mesomediterranean regions of southern Italy and of the islands, and they both have particularly nitrophilic characters and are considered characteristic of the alliances Hyparrenion hirtae and Bromo- Oryzopsion miliaceae, respectively. In the study area, as the same species are at the margins of their distribution area along the Italian Adriatic coast, they belong to the submediterranean alliance Inulo viscosae-Agropyrion repentis. Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti ass. nova (typus rel. number 3 of Table 19) On the slopes of the sub-coastal sandstone paleocliffs, in the areas not occupied by the pine wood of the association Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis, there is a steppe grassland of Cymbopogon hirtus (Table 18) that is rare in the Marche, where it is localised to the southern sector. We propose the new association Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti, for which the characteristic species are considered to be: Cymbopogon hirtus, Scabiosa maritima and Silene vulgaris ssp. angustifolia, with that differential being Micromeria graeca. 143 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae ass. nova (typus rel. number 1 of Table 20) The post-cultivation grassland of Oryzopsis miliacaea and Agropyron repens that is found on mainly sandy-lime soils is referred to this new association. The characteristic and differential species of the proposed new association are considered to be: Oryzopsis miliacea, Agropyron repens, Calamintha nepeta, Pallenis spinosa and Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum. This grassland is of noted biogeographical interest along the Italian Adriatic aspect, in that it indicates the change from the coenoses of the sub- Mediterranean alliance Inulo viscosae-Agropyrion repentis, to which this vegetation is referred, to those coenoses of the alliance Bromo-Oryzopsion miliaceae, which are widely spread through the Mediterranean region of central-southern Italy. Agropyro-Asteretum linosyris Ferrari 1971 In the study area, this association is found in the higher and more eroded sectors of the sides of the badlands that are widely spread throughout the innermost hill sector. This is a perennial pioneering vegetation consisting of few species, which includes: Podospermum laciniatum, Elytrigia atherica and Aster linosyris, which are considered the characteristic and differential species of the association and of the suballiance Podospermo laciniati-Elytrigenion athericae (Table 21). Epilobio tetragoni-Elymetum pycnanthi Biondi, Ballelli, Allegrezza & Manzi 1990 This association has been described for the badlands of gessopalena in Abruzzo (Biondi & al. 1990), and in the study area, it is found in the more stableorlesserodedpartsatthebaseofthebadlands along the fall lines where the lime-clayey slides are collected. In these conditions the vegetation consists of rather dense and continuous grasslands with a dominance of Elytrigia atherica, with the constant presence of Inula viscosa, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio erucifolius and Aster linosyris (Table 22). 3.5 The therophitic vegetation Ononido reclinatae-Plantaginetum bellardii ass. nova (Typus rel. number 2 of Table 23) In the openings of the garigue of Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus and Cistus salviifolius, on the loose sands, there is a therophitic spring-flowering Mediterranean vegetation with a dominance of Plantago bellardii with Vulpia ciliata, Ononis reclinata, Lagu rus ovatus, Medicago coronata and Hippocrepis ciliata, which are considered the characteristic and differential species of the new association Ononido reclinatae-Plantaginetum bellardii (Table 23). This new association represents the geographic vicariant of the associations: Trifolio cherleri-Plantaginetum bellardii rivas goday 1958 and Helianthemo-Plantaginetum bellardii, which are widely spread throughout the Iberian peninsula and Mediterranean France, respectively. The vegetation of Plantago bellardii in the study area is in part substituted in the summer-autumn period by another therophitic vegetation with few species, of Tragus racemosus. 3.6 Syntaxonomic scheme Artemisietea vulgaris lohmeyer, Preising & Tuxen in Tuxen 1950 Agropyretalia repentis Oberdorfer, Muller & gors in Oberdorfer, gors, Korneck, lohmeyer, Muller, Philippi & Seibert 1967 Inulo viscosae-Agropyrion repentis Biondi & Al legrezza 1996 Inulo viscosae-Agropyrenion repentis Biondi & Pesaresi 2004 Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae ass. nova Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti ass. nova Epilobio tetragoni-Elymetum pycnanthi Biondi, Ballelli, Allegrezza & Manzi 1990 Podospermo laciniati-Elytrigenion athericae (Pirone 1995) Biondi & Pesaresi 2004 Agropyro-Asteretum linosyris Ferrari 1971 Helianthemetea guttati (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., roussine & negre 1952) rivas goday & rivas-Martínez 1963 em. rivas-Martínez 1978 Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Moli nier & Wagner 1940 Helianthemion guttati Br.-Bl., in Br.-Bl., Molinier & Wagner 1940 Ononido reclinatae-Plantaginetum bellardii ass. nova Rosmarinetea officinalis rivas-Martinez, diaz, Prieto, loidi & Penas 1991 Rosmarinetalia officinalis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934 Cisto-Ericion multiflorae Biondi 2000 Asperulo aristatae-Fumanetum thymifoliae 144 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Allegrezza, Biondi, Formica & Ballelli 1997 Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus variant Asperulo aristatae-Cistetum eriocephali ass. nova Cistetum eriocephali-salvifolii ass. nova Rhamno-Prunetea riv.-goday & Borja ex Tx. 1962 Prunetalia spinosae r. Tx. 1952 Cytision sessilifolii Biondi 1988 Asparago acutifolii-Osyridetum albae Allegrezza, Biondi, Formica & Ballelli 1997 Lonicero etruscae-Coronilletum emeroidis ass. nova Berberidion vulgaris Br. Bl. 1950 Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii O. Bolos 1954 Lonicero etruscae-Cornetum sanguineae Biondi, Bagella, Casavecchia & Pinzi 2002 Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae (rivas-Martínez & Cantó ex rivas-Martínez, Báscones, T. e. díaz, Fernández-gonzález & loidi) rivas-Martinez, Fernandez-gonzalez, loidi, lousa & Penas 2001 Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948 Alno-Quercion roboris Horvat 1950 Lauro nobilis-Alnetum glutinosae Brullo & guarino 1998 Populion albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948 Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis ass. nova Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958 Salicion albae Soo 1930 Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae ass. nova Salicion eleagni Aichinger 1933 Ulmo minoris-Salicetum apenninae Biondi & Vagge 2004 Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex A. & O. Bol o s 1950 Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934 Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi Casavecchia & gigante 2003 Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis Biondi, Casavecchia & gigante 2003 Erica arborea variant Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis ass. nova Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni riv.-Mart. 1975 Oleo-Ceratonion Br.-Bl. 1936 em. riv.-Mart. 1975 Coronilloemeroidis-Pinetumhalepensis ass. nova Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae Allegrezza, Biondi, Formica & Ballelli 1997 ericetosum arboreae subass. nova Colutea arborescens variant Myrtus communis variant Coronillo valentinae-Ampelodesmetum mau ritanici Biondi 1986 ampelodesmetosum mauritanici sub- ass. nova pinetosum halepensis subass. nova Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 Quercetalia pubescentis-petraeae ( Klika 1933) corr. Blasi, di Pietro & Filesi 2004 Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958 Lauro nobilis-Quercenion pubescentis Ubaldi 1995 Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescen tis Biondi 1986 ampelodesmetosum mauritanici sub- ass. nova lauretosum nobilis Biondi & Allegrezza 2004 Asparago acutifolii-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Biondi 1982 Arbutus unedo variant Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris ass. nova Laburno-Ostryenion carpinifoliae (Ubaldi 1981) Blasi, di Pietro & Filesi 2004 Scutellario columnae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Pedrotti, Ballelli & Biondi ex Pedrotti et al. 1980 viburnetosum tini subass. nova 4. COnClUSIOnS This phytosociological analysis has revealed the great phytocoenotic diversity and the high biogeographical value of the study area, which is positioned at the border between Mediterranean and temperate bioclimatic regions, and which is characterised by geomorphological conditions of great variability. In these conditions, this phytosociological analysis has revealed the local variations within each lithological unit, confirming the close relationship between vegetation and substratum and the great value of vegetal associations as bioindicators (Biondi et al., 1999; zuccarello et al., 1999). 145 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 5. SUMMAry A phytosociological analysis of the vegetation of the central adriatic sector of the italian peninsula The aim of the present study is the phytosociological analysis of the vegetation in a sub-coastal hill sector that is delineated by the Aso and Tesino river basins, in southern Marche, in the Province of Ascoli Piceno, as a basis for synphytosociological and geosynphytosociological studies. This phytosociological analysis has revealed the great phytocoenotic diversity and the high biogeographical value of the study area, which is positioned at the border between Mediterranean and temperate bioclimatic regions, and which is characterised by geomorphological conditions of great variability. Ten Mediterranean and subMediterranean forest typologies were revealed in the study area, among which we propose the following new associations: Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis, Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis, Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris, Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis, Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae. The typically Mediterranean forest coenoses are represented by Aleppo pine woods, of the order Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni, and by ilex woods and laurel woods, of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis, mainly spread through the sub-coastal sector. The deciduous woods comprise hornbeam and flowering ash woods and submediterranean oak woods of the suballiance Lauro nobilis-Quercenion pubescentis, which in the more internal hill sectors become communities similar to those of the Apennines, of the suballiance Laburno- Ostryenion carpinifoliae. Finally, the mesohygrophilous and hygrophilous woods of the river channels are of alder, maple, poplar and willow that can be attributed to the orders Populetalia albae and Salicetalia purpureae. The numerous associations of pre-forest and shrub vegetation found in the study area belong to four alliance: Oleo-Ceratonion, Cytision sessilifolii, Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii and Salicion eleagni. In particular, Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae, which is differentiated by Erica multiflora and Myrtus communis, is of specific biogeographical interest, in that these species find here the limit of their northern distribution along the western coast of the Adriatic Sea. The garigue associations identified in the study area have been included in the alliance Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae, among which we propose the following new associations: Asperulo aristatae- Cistetum eriocephali and Cistetum eriocephali-salvifolii. Among the perennial herbaceous phytocoenoses present in the sub-coastal Mediterranean sector of the study area, the vegetation of Cymbopogon hirtus and the sub-nitrophilic, post-cultivation vegetation of Oryzopsis miliacea are of particular biogeographical interest. In the study area, as the same species are at the margins of their distribution area along the Italian Adriatic coast, they are a part of the vegetation of the submediterranean alliance Inulo viscosae-Agropyrion repentis, among which we propose the following new associations: Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti and Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae. Finally, for the therophitic spring-flowering Mediterranean vegetation that is present in the openings of the garigue of Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus and Cistus salviifolius, on the loose sands, are proposed the new association Ononido reclinatae-Plantaginetum bellardii. 6. lOCAlITIeS And SPOrAdIC SPeCIeS Tab. 1 – Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis localities: rel. 1–3: San Basso hill 5/07/04; rel. 4–9: hill-side near to Pescara, da Pirone (1985). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Arundo pliniana Turra +; rel. 2: Agropyron repens (l.) Beauv. 1.2; rel. 3: Cistus creticus l. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) greuter & Burdet +.2; rel. 4: Cornus sanguinea l. +, Hedera helix l. 2.3, Lonicera japonica Thunb +.2, Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle +, Ficus carica l. +; rel. 5: Teucrium chamaedrys l. +.2, Buxus sempervirens l. +, Prunus avium l. 1.2, Lonicera japonica Thunb 1.2, Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle +, Brachypodium rupestre (Host) r. et S. +.2, Torylis arvensis (Hudson) link +; rel. 6: Brachypodium rupestre (Host) r. et S. 1.2; rel. 7: Osyris alba l. 1.2, Dorycnium hirsutum (l.) Ser. +.2; rel. 8: Ligustrum vulgare l. 1.2; rel. 9: Ligustrum vulgare l. +.2, Clematis vitalba l. +.2. Tab. 2 – Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis localities: rel. 1: At the top of the sandstone paleocliffs on the hydrographic left of the riganello creek (12/09/04), rel. 2: San Basso hill (12/09/04), rel. 3–4: At the top of the sandstone paleocliffs from Montefiore Aso to Cupramarittima (10/09/02), rel. 4: San Basso hill (08/09/04), rel. 6: sandstone paleocliffs near Cupramarittima (12/09/04), rel. 7–9: ripatranzone (30/07/02), rel. 10: S. Maria Petrella (30/07/02); rel. 11: ripatranzone (24/07/02). 146 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Sporadic species: rel. 1: Pinus halepensis Miller 1.2, Myrtus communis l. 3.4, Cistus creticus l. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) greuter & Burdet +, Agropyron repens (l.) Beauv. 1.2, Spartium junceum l. +, Teucrium chamaedrys l. 1, 2, Arundo pliniana Turra 2.2; rel. 2: Inula conyza dC. +, Brachypodium rupestre (Host) r. et S. +, Smyrnium olusatrum l. +; rel. 4: Erica arborea l. +.2, Robinia pseudoacacia +.2; rel. 5: Limodorum abortivum (l.) Swartz +, Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle +; rel. 6: Prunus spinosa l. +, Malus sylvestris Miller +.2; rel. 7: Arundo pliniana Turra 4.5, Cistus salviifolius l. +.2, Spartium junceum +; rel. 8: Sambucus nigra l. +; rel. 10 – Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. +.2, Sambucus nigra l. +.2, Inula conyza dC. +, Osyris alba l. +.2, Glechoma hederacea l. +; rel. 11: Viola alba Besser ssp. dehnhardtii (Ten.) W. Becker +, Prunus avium l. +, Quercus dalechampii Ten. 2.2, Lilium bulbiferum l. ssp. croceum (Chaix) Baker +, Prunus spinosa l. 1.2, Cytisus sessilifolius l. (+.2), Erica arborea l. +, Carex hallerana Asso +, Carex flacca Schreber +. Tab. 3 – Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis localities: rel. 1–2: Pietrasiciliana (23/07/02); rel. 3: San Vincenzo (24/07/02); rel. 4: Pietrasiciliana (23/07/02); rel. 5: Pietrasiciliana (30/07/02). Tab. 4 – Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis localities: rel. 1–2: San Basso hill (08/09/04); rel. 3: San Basso hill (12/09/04); rel. 4: right hydrographic side of the riganello creek (12/09/04). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Arum italicum Miller 1.2, Euonymus europaeus l. +; rel. 2: Salix purpurea l. +.2; rel. 3: Arum italicum Miller +, Acer campestre l. +.2, Cornus sanguinea l. 1.2, Clematis vitalba l. 2.3, Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. +.2, Ligustrum vulgare l. +, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. 1.2, Solanum nigrum l. +; rel. 4: Ulmus minor Miller 2.2, Prunus avium l. +, Acer campestre l. +, Cornus sanguinea l. 2.3, Clematis vitalba l. 1.2, Ballota nigra l. +, Arundo pliniana Turra +.2, Inula conyza dC. +. Tab. 5 – Asparago-Ostryetum carpinifoliae localities: rel. 1: Santa Maria Petrella (20/07/04) , rel. 2–5: From ripatranzone to the sea (18/07/04) , rel. 6: San Basso hill (08/09/04), rel. 7: From left hydrographic side of the Sant’egidio torrent to ripatranzone (03/10/02) . Sporadic species: rel. 1: Erica arborea +.2, Juniperus oxycedrus +.2, Cephalanthera longifolia +, Prunus spinosa l. +, Carex flacca Schreber ssp. flacca 1.2, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) dur. et Sch. 1.2, Solidago virgaurea l. +, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. +.2, Chamaecytisus hirsutus (l.) link +; rel. 2: Pyracantha coccinea M. J. roemer 1.2, Carex flacca Schreber ssp. flacca +.2, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) dur. et Sch. 1.2; rel. 3: Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. +.2, Pyracantha coccinea M. J. roemer 1.1, Helleborus foetidus l. +, Osyris alba l. +; rel. 4: Clematis vitalba l. +; rel. 5: Dactylis glomerata l. +; rel. 6: Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. +.2, Quercus cerris l. 1.2; rel. 7: Prunus spinosa l. +, Melittis melissophyllum l. +, Cornus mas l. +, Ruscus aculeatus l. 1.2, Carex digitata l. 1.2, Ajuga reptans l. +, Acer obtusatum W. et K. 2.3. Tab. 6 – Scutellario-Ostryetum carpinifoliae localities: rel. 1–3: The Frati wood (ripatranzone) (15/10/02). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Cornus sanguinea l. +.2, Lonicera etrusca Santi +, Clematis vitalba l. +.2, Fragaria vesca l. +.2, Geum urbanum l. +, Carex flacca Schreber ssp. flacca 1.2, Arabis turrita l. +, Stachys officinalis (l.) Trevisan +.2, Chamaecytisus hirsutus (l.) link +, Cytisus sessilifolius l. +, Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum Kerner +, Smilax aspera l. 1.2, Quercus ilex l. +, Ulmus minor Miller +.2, Primula vulgaris Hudson 1.2, Tamus communis l. +.2, Castanea sativa Miller 1.1; rel. 2: Cornus sanguinea l. 1.2, Lonicera etrusca Santi 1.2, Clematis vitalba l. 1.2, Fragaria vesca l. +, Geum urbanum l. 1.1, Carex flacca Schreber ssp. flacca +.2, Arabis turrita l. +.2, Stachys officinalis (l.) Trevisan +, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum l. 1.2, Bromus ramosus Hudson 1.1, Campanula trachelium l. +.2, Inula conyza dC. +, Agrimonia eupatoria l. +, Ajuga reptans l. +.2, Ptilostemon strictus (Ten.) greuter +, Serratula tinctoria l. +, Vinca minor l. 1.3; rel. 3: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum l. 1.1. Tab. 7 – Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris localities: rel. 1: Sant’Imero (04/07/03), rel. 2–4: Sant’Imero (28/10/03), rel. 5: Sant’Imero (04/07/03), rel. 6: ripatranzone (13/06/03). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Ajuga reptans l. +.2, Dactylis glomerata l. +.2, Geum urbanum l. +, Lonicera caprifolium l. 2.3, Malus sylvestris Miller +; rel. 2: Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. +.2, Lathyrus aphaca l. +; rel. 3: Sambucus nigra l. +; rel. 4: Senecio erucifolius l. +; rel. 5: Crataegus monogyna Jacq. +; rel. 6: Arundo pliniana Turra +.2, Pallenis spinosa (l.) Cass. +, Quercus ilex l. 1.2, Spartium junceum l. +, Viburnum tinus +.2. Tab. 8 – Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis localities: rel. 1: Sant’Imero (15/10/02), rel. 2–3: Sant’Imero (04/07/03), rel. 4: Santa Maria 147 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Petrella (20/07/04), rel. 5–7: Sant’Imero creek (20/07/04). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Prunus avium l. +, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. 1.2, Sorbus domestica l. 1.2, Calystegia sepium (l.) r. Br. +; rel. 2: Crataegus monogyna Jacq. +, Ligustrum vulgare l. +.2, Lonicera xylosteum l. +.2, Juglans regia l. +, Corylus avellana l. +, Rubus corylifolius +.2, Ajuga reptans l. 1.2, Prunus spinosa l. 1.1, Stachys sylvatica l. +.2, Geum urbanum l. +; rel. 3: Prunus avium l. 2.3, +, Ligustrum vulgare l. 1.2, Lonicera xylosteum l. 1.2, Juglans regia l. +, Pyracantha coccinea M. J. roemer +.2, Lonicera caprifolium l. +, Polystichum setiferum (Forsskal) Woynar +, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. +.2; rel. 4: Franinus ornus l. +.2, Malus sylvestris Miller +, Lonicera etrusca Santi +.2, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) dur. et Sch. +.2; rel. 5: Stellaria media (l.) Vill. +, Rubus corylifolius Sm. +.2, Prunus spinosa l. +, Urtica dioica l. 1.2, Poa trivialis l. +.2, Lamium maculatum l. +, Chelidonium majus l. +; rel. 6: Stellaria media (l.) Vill. +; rel. 7: Corylus avellana l. +.2, Prunus spinosa l. +, Poa trivialis l. +. Tab. 9 – Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae localities: rel. 1–2: Pescara river, da Tab. 30 in Pirone, Frattaroli & Corbetta (1997); rel. 3–5: Saline river, da Tab. 15 in Pirone (1991), rel. 6: Campamante creek, da Allegrezza (2003), rel. 7–9: esino river, rel. 1, 4, 5 da Tab. 34 in Biondi & Baldoni (1992), rel. 10–12: “Fosso della Selva” creek, rel. 1–3 da Tab. 5 in Biondi & Allegrezza (2004), rel. 13–16: Sant’Imero creek, ined. (04/07/03). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Euonymus europaeus l. +, Pastinaca sativa l. ssp. urens (req.) Celak +, Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. 1.2, Carex acutiformis ehrh. 1.2, Cirsium creticum (lam.) d’Urv. ssp. triunfetti (lacaita) Werner +; rel. 2: Pastinaca sativa l. ssp. urens (req.) Celak +, Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. +.2, Cirsium creticum (lam.) d’Urv. ssp. triunfetti (lacaita) Werner 1.2; rel. 3: Equisetum palustre l. 1, Arundo pliniana Turra 2; rel. 4: Amorpha fruticosa l. 1, rel. 5: Amorpha fruticosa l. 1, Equisetum palustre l. +, Arundo pliniana Turra 2; rel. 7: Crataegus monogyna Jacq ssp. monogyna 1.2, Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. +.2; rel. 8: Galium mollugo l. +; rel. 9: Ranunculus repens l. +, Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. +; rel. 10: Euonymus europaeus l. +.2, Crataegus monogyna Jacq ssp. monogyna +.2, Corylus avellana l. +.2, Solanum nigrum l. +.2, Arundo donax l. +.2; rel. 11: Ruscus aculeatus l. +.2; rel. 12: Ranunculus repens l. 1.2, Poa trivialis l. +, Glechoma hirsuta W. et K. 2.2, Rumex obtusifolium l. +, Lamium maculatum l. +, Symphytum bulbosum Schimper 1.1; rel. 13 – Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. +, Tamus communis l. +; rel. 15: Pulicaria dysenterica (l.) Bernh. +.2, Epilobium tetragonum l. +, Tussilago farfara l. +.2, Trifolium pratense l. +. Tab. 10 – Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae localities: rel. 1–2: San Vincenzo (15/07/97), rel. 3: Pietrasiciliana (23/07/02), rel. 4: San Vincenzo (23/07/02), rel. 5–8: Pietrasiciliana (23/07/02). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Fraxinus ornus l. +.2; rel. 2: Cytisus sessilifolius l. +; rel. 3: Micromeria graeca (l.) Bentham +; rel. 4: Clematis vitalba l. +.2; rel. 6: Convolvulus cantabrica l. +.2, Fumana thymifolia (l.) Spach +.2, Teucrium polium l. ssp. capitatum (l.) Arcang. +.2; rel. 7: Fraxinus ornus l. +, Teucrium flavum l. +; rel. 8: Silene alba (Miller) Krause +, Osyris alba l. +.2. Tab. 11 – Coronillo valentinae-Ampelodesmetum mauritanici localities: rel. 1–2: sandstone paleocliffs near Cupramarittima (23/07/02), rel. 3: Pietrasiciliana (23/07/02), rel. 4–6: sandstone paleocliffs near Cupramarittima (30/07/02), rel. 7–8: sandstone paleocliffs near Cupramarittima (23/07/02). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Inula viscosa (l.) Aiton +, Reseda alba l. +, Urospermum picroides (l.) Schmidt +; rel. 2: Anthyllis tetraphylla l. 1.2, Fumana thymifolia (l.) Spach +, Dactylis glomerata l. +, Hippocrepis comosa l. +.2, Lotus ornithopodioides l. +, Pallenis spinosa (l.) Cass. +, Scorpiurus vermiculatus l. +.2, rel. 3: Odontites lutea (l.) Clairv. +, Teucrium flavum l. +; rel. 4: Lonicera caprifolium l. +.2, Pteridium aquilinum (l.) Kuhn +; rel. 5: Vitis vinifera l. +.2, Linum strictum l. ssp. corymbulosum (rchb.) rouy +.2; rel. 6: Picris hieracioides l. +, Astragalus monspessulanus l. +; rel. 7: Micromeria graeca (l.) Bentham +. Tab. 12 – Asparago-Osyridetum albae localities: rel. 1–2: San Vincenzo (30/07/02) Tab. 13 – Lonicero etruscae-Coronilletum emeroidis localities: rel. 1–3: From ripatranzone to the sea (18/07/04), rel. 4: San Basso hill (20/04/04) . Sporadic species: rel. 1: Clinopodium vulgare l. + , Prunus avium l. +.2; rel. 2: Origanum vulgare l. +.2, Pteridium aquilinum (l.) Kuhn +, Peucedanum cervaria (l.) lapeyr +.2, Viola alba l. ssp. dehnardtii (Ten.) W. Becker +.2; rel. 3: Cistus creticus l. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) greuter & Burdet +.2, Erica arborea l. +.2, Lonicera implexa Aiton +.2, Dactylis glomerata l. +.2, Rosa sempervirens l. +.2, Euphorbia cyparissias l. +.2, Lathyrus sylvestris l. +; rel. 4: Ori 148 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … ganum vulgare l. +.2, Olea europaea l. +.2, Bromus erectus Hudson +. Tab. 14 – Lonicero etruscae-Cornetum sanguineae localities: rel. 1–3: Sant’Imero (04/07/03). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Anthemis tinctoria l. +, Conyza canadensis (l.) Cronq. +; rel. 2: Arundo donax l. 1.2, Juglans regia l. +, Clinopodium vulgare l. 1.1, Prunus avium l. +, Pulicaria dysenterica (l.) Bernh. +, Salix apennina Skvortsov +.2; rel. 3: Populus tremula l. 2.2, Rosa sempervirens l. 1.2, Euphorbia cyparissias l. +, Hedera helix l. +, Arundo pliniana Turra 1.2, Malus sylvestris Miller +, Origanum vulgare l. +, Odontites rubra (Baumg.) Opiz +, Laurus nobilis l. +, Sorbus domestica l. +. Tab. 15 – Ulmo-Salicetum apenninae localities: rel. 1: Sant’Imero (04/07/03). Tab. 16 – Asperulo purpureae-Fumanetum thymifoliae localities: rel. 1–2: Pietrasiciliana (03/10/02); rel. 3: sandstone paleocliffs near Massignano (22/07/04); rel. 4: Pietrasiciliana (03/10/02). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Hippocrepis ciliata Willd. 1.2; rel. 2: Juniperus oxycedrus l. +.2, Centaurea deusta Ten. +, Crupina vulgaris Cass. +, Erica multiflora l. (+.2), Linum strictum l. ssp. corymbulosum (rchb.) rouy 1.1; rel. 3: Verbascum sinuatum l. +, Lotus corniculatus l. +, Anthirrhinum orontium l. +, Brachypodium distachyum (l.) Beauv. +; rel. 4: Silene vulgaris (Moench) garcke +, Dactylis glomerata l. +, Pinus halepensis Miller +.2, Anthyllis tetraphylla l. +, Hippocrepis comosa l. +.2. Tab. 17 – Asperulo aristatae-Cistetum eriocephali localities: rel. 1: From Cupramarittima to ripatranzone (10/07/01), rel. 2: Pietrasiciliana (03/10/02); rel. 3, 4: From Cupramarittima to ripatranzone (10/07/01). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Quercus ilex l. +, Inula viscosa (l.) Aiton +, Erica multiflora l. 1.2; rel. 2: Helianthemum nummularium (l.)Miller ssp. obscurum (Celak.) Holub 2.2, Petrorhagia saxifraga (l.) link +.2, Stachys recta l. +, Pinus halepensis Miller +, Hypericum perforatum l. +, Linum tenuifolium l. 1.1, Pimpinella saxifraga l. +.2, Plantago lanceolata l. +, Psoralea bituminosa l. +, Reichardia picroides (l.) roth +, Teucrium chamaedrys l. +, Brachypodium rupestre (Host) r. et S. 1.2, Centaurea deusta Ten.1.1, Euphorbia cyparissias l. +.2; rel. 3: Aster linosyris (l.) Bernh. 1.1, Bromus erectus Hudson 2.3, Eryngium amethystinum l. +; rel. 4: Coronilla emerus l. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek 1.2, Rubia peregrina l. +. Tab. 18 – Cistetum eriocephali-salviifolii localities: rel. 1–3: San Basso hill (16/07/03), rel. 4–6: near Pescara (rel. 1–3 da Tab. 3 in Tammaro & Pirone (1981) Sporadic species: rel. 1: Helianthemum nummularium (l.)Miller ssp. obscurum (Celak.) Holub +, Lonicera implexa Aiton +.2, Agropyron repens (l.) Beauv. 1.2; rel. 2: Spartium junceum l. +.2, Foeniculum piperitum +; rel. 3: Quercus ilex l. +, Dactylis glomerata l. 1.1, Coronilla emerus l. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek +, Bromus erectus Hudson 1.2, Stachys recta l. +; rel. 4: Smilax aspera l. +, Petrorhagia saxifraga (l.) link +, Myrtus communis l. +.2, Bromus rigidus roth +.2, Koeleria splendens Presl +, Catapodium rigidum (l.) Hubbard +; rel. 5: Vulpia membranacea (l.) link +.2, Calamagrostis epigejos (l.) roth 1.2, Cynodon dactylon (l.) Pers.+; rel. 6: Rubia peregrina l. +, Rubus ulmifolius Schott +, Lonicera japonica Thunb. +, Equisetum ramosissimum desf. +. Tab. 19 – Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti localities: rel. 1–4: sandstone paleocliffs near Massignano (18/07/04). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Leopoldia comosa (l.) Parl.+, Plantago bellardi All. +.2, Trifolium stellatum l. +.2, Tragus racemosus (l.) All. +.2, Lagurus ovatus l. 1.1, Cistus creticus l. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) greuter & Burdet +.2; rel. 2: Spartium junceum l. +, Cerastium semidecandrum l. +.2, Sinapis alba l. +, Reichardia picroides (l.) roth +.2; rel. 3: Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle +, Hypochoeris achyrophorus l. +.2, Asperula aristata l. +, Teucrium polium l. ssp. capitatum (l.) Arcang. +.2, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) dur. et Sch. +.2; rel. 4: Allium roseum l. +, Centaurea deusta Ten. +, Centaurea bracteata Scop. +. Tab. 20 – Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae localities: rel. 1–3: San Basso hill (20/07/05), rel. 4: sandstone paleocliffs near Massignano (18/07/04), rel. 5: San Basso hill (20/07/05). Sporadic species: rel. 1: Hordeum leporinum link +, Bromus gussonei Parl. +.2, Melilotus altissima Thuill. +, Cynosurus echinatus l. +; rel. 2: Rubia peregrina l. 1.1, Smilax aspera l. 1.1, Sanguisorba minor Scop. +.2, Crepis sancta (l.) Babc. +, Leopoldia comosa (l.) Parl. +, Brachypodium rupestre (Host) r. et S. +.2; rel. 3: Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. +, Centaurea deusta Ten. 1.2; rel. 4: Centaurea bracteata Scop. +, Helichrysum italicum (roth) don +, Sinapis alba l. +, Centaurea deusta Ten. 1.2; rel. 5: – Cistus salvifolius l. +, Lotus corniculatus l. +, Allium sphaerocephalon l. +, Cynosurus echinatus l. 1.2. 149 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Tab. 21 – Agropyro-Asteretum linosyris localities: rel. 1–3: badland near ripatranzone (4/07/2003) Tab. 22 – Epilobio tetragoni-Elymetum pycnanthi localities: rel. 1–3: badland near ripatranzone (4/07/2003) Sporadic species: rel. 1: Centaurium erythraea rafn +, Linum strictum l. ssp. corymbulosum (rchb.) rouy 1.1, Rosa canina l. sensu Bouleng. +, Acer campestre l. +, Pallenis spinosa (l.) Cass. +; rel. 2: Anthemis tinctoria l. 1.2, Foeniculum vulgare Miller +, Artemisia vulgaris l. +.2, Silene vulgaris (Moench) garcke +, Verbena officinalis l. +, Scabiosa maritima l. +, Rumex crispus l. +.2, Vicia sativa l. +.2, Phalaris brachystachys link +.2, Cirsium arvense (l.) 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(1999): Valenza ecologica di specie e di associazioni prative e modelli di distribuzione lungo gradienti sulla base della teoria degli insiemi sfocati (Fuzzy Set Theory). Braun-Blanquetia 16: 121–225. recieved 20. 12. 2005 revision recieved 15. 7. 2006 Accepted 16. 9. 2006 151 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 1 (Tabela 1): Coronillo emeroidis-Pinetum halepensis ass. Nova – pinetosum halepensis subass. nova (rel. n. 1-5; typus rel. n. 1) – viburnetosum tini subass. nova (rel. n. 6-9; typus rel. n. 9) Rel. n. 1*23456789+P Altitude (m) 90 100 90 110 125 150 170 120 100 r Life Exposure ENENE E E ONO O ONO O O e form Slope (°) 30 5 40 20 15 35 20 30 25 s. Coverage (%) 90 90 85 80 80 75 80 80 80 Area (m2) 250 150 200 300 400 200 400 300 400 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. P scap Pinus halepensis Miller 5.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 3.4 10 NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) 1.2 1.2 + . . 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 8 Hayek P lian Lonicera etrusca Santi 1.2 1.2 . . +.2 . + . + 6 H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. 5.5 4.5 +.2 1.2 3.3 . . . . 5 Diff. species of the viburnetosum tini subass. P caesp Viburnum tinus L. . . . . + 1.2 +.2 3.3 2.2 6 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. . +.2 . . . 2.2 3.3 1.2 1.2 5 G rhiz Carex flacca Schreber ssp. serrulata (Biv.) Greuter . . . . . +.2 . 1.2 +.2 4 H caesp Stipa bromoides (L.) Dorfl. . . . . . 1.2 1.2 1.2 +.2 4 Charact. species of the Oleo-Ceratonion all., the Pistacio- Rhamnetalia ord. and the Quercetea ilicis class G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 1.1 3.3 + + 1.2 1.2 +.2 +.2 10 P caesp Rhamnus alaternus L. 2.2 +.2 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.2 2.2 1.1 10 NP Smilax aspera L. 2.3 3.4 1.2 1.2 . 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 8 P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.2 1.2 . 1.2 +.2 +.2 +.2 1.2 1.2 8 P lian Clematis flammula L. . . . +.2 . . . 1.2 +.2 4 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. 1.2 1.2 . + + . . . . 4 P caesp Pistacia lentiscus L. . . 1.2 . . +.2 +.2 . . 3 P caesp Arbutus unedo L. . . . . . . . + +.2 2 NP Rosa sempervirens L. . . . . . . . . + 1 P caesp Phillyrea angustifolia L. . . . . . +.2 . . . 1 P caesp Phillyrea latifolia L. . . . . . . . . + 1 Other species P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 1.2 1.1 +.2 +.2 1.1 2.2 1.2 1.1 + 6 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott . . . 1.2 +.2 . . 1.2 +.2 5 P caesp Crataegus monogyna Jacq. . + . + + . + . + 5 P scap Sorbus domestica L. . . . + + . . + + 5 P caesp Prunus spinosa L. . . . + + . . +.2 . 4 P caesp Robinia pseudoacacia L. . +.2 . 1.1 + . . . . 3 H caesp Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. . . . 1.2 . 1.2 . . 1.2 3 Accidental species 1 1 1 5 7 2 2 1 2 152 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 2 (Tabela 2): Roso sempervirentis-Quercetum pubescentis Biondi 1986 – ampelodesmetosum mauritanici subass. nova (rel. n. 1-4; typus rel. n. 4) – lauretosum nobilis Biondi & Allegrezza 2003 (rel. n. 5-11) Rel. n. 1 2 34*5 6 7 8 91011 Altitude (m) 110 100 250 260 50 45 60 80 75 70 400 P Life Exposure SEENEN NNENSEN N N N r form Slope (°) 40 40 10 20 20 40 30 30 40 30 30 e Coverage (%) 100 80 90 80 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 s. Area (m2) 80 80 100 150 200 80 100 150 120 200 300 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.2 2.3 3.3 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.2 +.2 2.2 2.2 11 NP Smilax aspera L. 1.2 . 3.4 2.3 4.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.2 2.2 . 9 NP Rosa sempervirens . . +.2 1.2 2.2 +.2 . . . 1.2 . 5 P lian Clematis flammula L. . . . . . . . 1.2 1.2 1.2 . 3 Diff. species of the ampelodesmetosum mauritanici subass. H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. 3.3 1.2 2.3 3.4 + . +.2 . . . . 6 Diff. species of the lauretosum nobilis subass. P lian Hedera helix L. . +.2 +.2 . 1.2 3.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 3.4 9 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. . . +.2 +.2 3.3 4.5 1.1 4.4 2.2 1.2 3.4 9 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott . +.2 . . . +.2 1.2 + . 1.1 1.2 6 P caesp Crataegus monogyna Jacq. . . . . +.2 +.2 + 1.1 . +.2 . 5 P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. . . . +.2 +.2 +.2 2.3 . . . +.2 5 G rhiz Arum italicum Miller . . . . +.2 . . 1.1 + 1.2 . 4 P caesp Ulmus minor Miller . . . . 1.2 +.2 . . . . . 2 Charact. and diff. species of the Lauro nobilis- Quercenion pubescentis suball. and the Carpinion orientalis all. G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 2.3 2.3 + 1.2 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 11 P caesp Rhamnus alaternus L. + 2.3 3.3 2.3 1.2 +.2 . 2.2 1.2 1.2 . 9 P caesp Viburnum tinus L. . . . . . . . +.2 +.2 1.2 1.2 4 G rhiz Ruscus aculeatus L. . . . . . . . 1.1 +.2 . + 3 P scap Quercus ilex L. . . . . . . . 1.1 + . . 2 G bulb Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton . . . . 2.2 . . 1.2 . . . 2 P caesp Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. . . . . . +.2 . . . . + 2 Charact. species of the Quercetalia pubescentipetraeae ord. and the Querco-Fagetea class P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 5.5 5.5 4.4 3.4 5.5 3.4 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.4 11 P scap Sorbus domestica L. . 2.2 +.2 1.2 + 1.2 . 1.2 4.4 3.3 . 8 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. . . . + . . 1.1 +.2 . 1.2 2.3 5 P scap Acer campestre L. . . . . 1.1 . . . . . 1.2 2 Other species NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides 1.2 2.2 +.2 +.2 2.2 +.2 1.2 . . . . 7 P lian Lonicera etrusca Santi 1.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 2.3 1.2 . . . . . 6 G rhiz Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn . . +.2 +.2 . . + . + . . 4 P lian Clematis vitalba L. . . . . + . . . 1.2 1.2 . 3 Accidental species 73_2_231_59 153 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 3 (Tabela 3): Cyclamino hederifolii-Quercetum ilicis Biondi, Casavecchia & Gigante 2003 – Erica arborea variant (rel. n. 1-5) Rel. n. 12345 Altitude (m) 135 150 185 130 135 P Life Exposure SE S NNO SE NO r form Slope (°) 45 20 40 45 40 e Coverage (%) 100 95 100 100 95 s. Area (m2) 300 100 300 40 60 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. P caesp Myrtus communis L. 1.2 1.2 2.2 3.3 3.4 5 P caesp Pistacia lentiscus L. 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 5 P lian Lonicera implexa Aiton 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 5 H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. . 1.2 +.2 . . 2 Diff. species of the Erica arborea variant P caesp Erica arborea L. . 1.2 + 2.3 2.3 4 P caesp Arbutus unedo L. . + +.2 +.2 +.2 4 Charact. and diff. species of the Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis all., the Quercetalia ilicis ord. and the Quercetea ilicis class P scap Quercus ilex L. 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 5 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 5 P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.3 2.3 3.3 1.2 1.2 5 NP Smilax aspera L. 4.4 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.2 5 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 +.2 5 NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek 1.2 + 1.2 . + 4 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. 1.2 . . . +.2 2 Other species P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 1.2 1.2 . 2.2 1.2 4 P scap Sorbus domestica L. 1.2 . + +.2 . 3 P scap Quercus dalechampii Ten. . + 1.2 . . 2 P lian Hedera helix L. + . . 1.2 . 2 G rhiz Arundo pliniana Turra +.2 . . . . 1 P lian Clematis vitalba L. . . + . . 1 P caesp Colutea arborescens L. . . . +.2 . 1 NP Rosmarinus officinalis L. . . . +.2. 1 NP Erica multiflora L. . . . +.2. 1 P caesp Juniperus oxycedrus L. . . + . .1 154 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 4 (Tabela 4): Fraxino orni-Lauretum nobilis ass. nova (typus rel. n. 3) Life form Rel. n. Altitude (m) Exposure Slope (°) Coverage (%) Area (m2) 1 40 NE 35 100 60 2 80 NE 30 100 50 3* 70 NE 35 100 60 4 60 SE 40 100 70 P r e s. P caesp P lian P lian NP P scap Charact. and diff. species of the ass. Laurus nobilis L. Hedera helix L. Rubia peregrina L. Smilax aspera L. Fraxinus ornus L. 5.5 2.3 2.2 1.2 . 5.5 1.2 +.2 . +.2 5.5 4.5 2.2 +.2 2.35.5 2.2 2.2 1.2 + 4 4 4 3 3 G rhiz NP G bulb Charact. and diff. species of the Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis all., the Quercetalia ilicis ord. and the Quercetea ilicis class Asparagus acutifolius L. Rosa sempervirens Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton . . 2.2 + . . + +.2. 2.2 + . 4 2 1 NP P caesp P caesp P scap Other species Rubus ulmifolius Schott Sambucus nigra L. Robinia pseudoacacia L. Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. +.2 2.2 1.2 . +.2 1.2 +.2 +.22.2 1.2 . + 2.3 1.2 + 1.2 4 4 3 3 Accidental species 2 1 8 8 155 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 5 (Tabela 5): Asparago acutifolii-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Biondi 1982 – Arbutus unedo variant (rel. n. 7) Rel. n. 1234567 Altitude (m) 250 240 220 240 230 230 250 P Life Exposure N N N N N NNNO r form Slope (°) 8 20 5 15 20 40 35 e Coverage (%) 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 s. Area (m2) 100 100 100 100 100 60 300 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 + 1.1 1.1 + 1.1 1.2 7 P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.3 2.3 +.2 2.3 1.2 1.2 3.4 7 NP Smilax aspera L. . + . . 1.2 3.3 4.4 4 Diff. species of the Arbutus unedo variant P caesp Arbutus unedo L. . . . . . . 1.2 1 P scap Quercus ilex L. . . . . . . 1.2 1 P caesp Myrtus communis L. . . . . . . +.2 1 Charact and diff. species of the Lauro nobilis-Quercenion pubescentis suball. and the Carpinion orientalis all. P caesp Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. 4.4 4.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 7 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. 3.3 2.3 1.2 1.2 2.2 +.2 2.3 7 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. 1.1 + 2.3 1.2 2.3 4.4 . 7 H caesp Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek +.2 +.2 . + . +.2 + 5 NP Rosa sempervirens L. 1.2 . . . . . . 1 P caesp Viburnum tinus L. . . . . . . 3.3 1 Charact. species of the Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae ord. and the Querco-Fagetea class P scap Acer campestre L. + + 1.2 +.2 +.2 . + 6 P lian Hedera helix L. 1.2 1.2 2.3 . . 3.4 1.2 5 H ros Viola alba Besser ssp. dehnhardtii (Ten.) W. Becker 1.2 1.2 1.2 . +.2 . 1.2 5 P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 1.2 + . +.2 . . . 3 P scap Prunus avium L. + . . +.2 . +.2 . 3 P scap Sorbus domestica L. . . +.2 . . +.2 . 2 P scap Malus sylvestris Miller . . +.2 . . . . 1 Other species P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. +.2 +.2 +.2 2.3 +.2 . . 5 H scap Lonicera etrusca Santi + +.2 . . . +.2 . 3 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott . . + +.2 +.2 . . 3 P caesp Robinia pseudoacacia L. . . +.2 . +.2 1.2 . 3 Accidental species 9 3 4 1 1 2 7 156 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 6 (Tabela 6): Scutellario columnae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Ballelli, Biondi & Pedrotti ex Pedrotti et al. 1980 – viburnetosum tini subass. nova (rel. n. 1-3; typus rel. n. 1) Rel. n. 1* 2 3 Altitude (m) 480 480 470 P Life Exposure ONO NO NO r form Slope (°) 30 35 30 e Coverage (%) 100 100 100 s. Area (m2) 300 500 200 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. H scap Melittis melissophyllum L. 1.2 + + 3 P caesp Cornus mas L. 2.2 1.2 2.2 3 Ch suffr Melica uniflora Retz. 1.2 1.2 1.2 3 H caesp Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. 2.2 1.2 + 3 H scap Euphorbia amygdaloides L. 1.2 1.2 . 2 G rhiz Scutellaria columnae All. 1.2 1.2 . 2 Diff. species of the viburnetosum tini subass. NP Rosa sempervirens L. 1.2 2.2 2.2 3 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 1.2 +.2 3 P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.2 2.2 2.3 3 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. 2.2 2.3 1.2 3 P caesp Viburnum tinus L. 2.2 2.3 2.3 3 Charact. and diff. species of the Laburno anagyroidis-Ostryenion carpinifoliae suball. and the Carpinion orientalis all. P caesp Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. 5.5 5.5 3.3 3 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. 2.2 2.2 3.3 3 H caesp Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek 1.2 1.2 1.2 3 H scap Lathyrus venetus (Miller) Wohlf. 1.2 1.2 1.2 3 G bulb Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton 1.2 2.2 2.3 3 NP Carex digitata L. 1.2 +.2 . 2 H caesp Sanicula europaea L. +.2 1.2 . 2 P caesp Daphne laureola L. 1.2 + . 2 H scap Viola reichenbachiana Jordan ex Boreau +.2 + . 2 P caesp Carpinus orientalis Miller . 3.3 4.5 2 Charact. species of the Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae ord. and the Querco-Fagetea class H ros Viola alba Besser ssp. dehnhardtii (Ten.) W. Becker 1.2 1.2 1.2 3 P lian Hedera helix L. 3.3 3.3 2.3 3 H scap Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) Johnston +.2 +.2 +.2 3 P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 1.2 2.2 1.2 3 P scap Prunus avium L. 1.2 + + 3 P caesp Hieracium racemosum W. et K. +.2 1.2 + 3 P caesp Corylus avellana L. +.2 1.2 . 2 H scap Solidago virgaurea L. +.2 + . 2 P scap Sorbus domestica L. 1.2 + . 2 P scap Malus sylvestris Miller + + . 2 P scap Acer campestre L. +.2 . +.2 2 Other species H rept Crataegus monogyna Jacq. 1.2 +.2 +.2 3 P lian Euonymus europaeus L. 1.2 + + 3 P caesp Ligustrum vulgare L. 1.2 1.2 1.2 3 G rhiz Ruscus aculeatus L. 2.3 2.3 2.2 3 P caesp Lonicera caprifolium L. 1.2 + 1.2 3 Accidental species 17 17 2 157 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 7 (Tabela 7): Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris ass.nova (typus rel. n. 1) Rel. n. 1*2 3 4 5 Altitude (m) 165 170 155 155 160 350 p Life Exposure ONO O NO NO NNE NO r form Slope (°) 30 35 20 20 30 20 e Coverage (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 s. Area (m2) 200 100 100 100 200 100 Charact. and diff. species of the ass., the Lauro-Quercenion pubescentis suball. and the Carpinion orientalis all. P scap Acer campestre L. 4.5 5.5 3.3 1.2 3.3 1.1 6 P caesp Ulmus minor Miller 1.2 +.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 6 P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 6 P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 2.2 +.2 + + 1.1 . 5 P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. 2.3 1.1 2.3 1.2 . . 4 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 +.2 . + . 1.1 4 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. 2.2 +.2 +.2 . . . 3 Charact. species of the Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae ord. and the Querco-Fagetea class H caesp Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. 1.2 +.2 +.2 1.1 . . 4 P lian Hedera helix L. 2.3 . 1.2 5.5 . . 3 P scap Prunus avium L. 1.2 1.2 . . . +.2 3 P caesp Lonicera xylosteum L. + . . + . . 2 P scap Malus sylvestris Miller + . . . . . 1 Other species P caesp Prunus spinosa L. + +.2 + + 1.2 . 5 NP Ligustrum vulgare L. 1.1 +.2 . +.2 . . 3 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott 1.2 1.1 . . 1.2 . 3 G rhiz Carex flacca Schreber . +.2 +.2 + . . 3 P lian Clematis vitalba L. . . +.2 . 1.2 . 2 H bienn Inula conyza DC. . + . + . . 2 P scap Juglans regia L. + . . . + . 2 P lian Lonicera etrusca Santi . +.2 . + . . 2 NP Rosa canina L. sensu Bouleng. . +.2 . + . . 2 P scap Salix alba L. . . +.2 + . . 2 He Carex pendula Hudson . . 1.2 + . . 2 Accidental species 5 2 1 1 1 5 158 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 8 (Tabela 8): Lauro nobilis-Populetum canescentis ass. nova (typus rel. n. 1) – Sambucus nigra variant (rel. n. 5-7) Rel. n. 1*234567 Altitude (m) 320 160 160 150 140 150 160 P Life Exposure NO N ONO N NO N NO r form Slope (°) 25 -40 30 30 30 30 e Coverage (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 s. Area (m2) 500 200 250 250 200 200 200 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. P scap Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. 5.5 1.2 4.5 4.4 4.5 5.5 4.5 7 P lian Clematis vitalba L. 1.2 1.2 + 1.2 +.2 +.2 +.2 7 P caesp Laurus nobilis L. 1.2 2.3 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 4.4 7 P lian Rubia peregrina L. 2.2 2.3 3.3 1.1 1.1 +.2 + 7 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott 2.2 1.2 +.2 1.2 +.2 +.2 + 7 NP Salix apennina Skvortsov 1.2 . . . . . . 1 Diff. species of the Sambucus nigra variant P caesp Sambucus nigra L. . . + . 2.2 1.2 +.2 4 G rhiz Arum italicum Miller . . . . 1.1 1.1 +.2 3 G rhiz Symphytum tuberosum L. . . . . 2.2 +.2 + 3 Charact. species of the Populion albae all., the Populetalia albae ord. and the Salici-Populetea nigrae class P caesp Ulmus minor Miller 2.2 4.4 2.2 . . . . 3 He Carex pendula Hudson . . . . +.2 . +.2 2 P scap Salix alba L. 1.2 . . . . . . 1 P scap Populus nigra L. . 4.5 . . . . . 1 P scap Fraxinus oxycarpa Bieb. . . . 1.2 . . . 1 P lian Vitis riparia x berlandieri . . . 2.3 . . . 1 Other species P lian Hedera helix L. 2.3 4.5 3.4 +.2 +.2 4.4 4.4 7 P scap Acer campestre L. + 2.2 3.3 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.3 7 P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. + 3.3 2.2 1.2 . +.2 +.2 6 G rad Tamus communis L. . 1.1 +.2 . + . +.2 5 P caesp Robinia pseudoacacia L. + . +.2 . +.2 . . 3 NP Rosa canina L. sensu Bouleng. 1.2 + . +.2 . . . 3 H caesp Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. +.2 2.3 . . . . +.2 3 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. . + 1.1 + . . . 3 P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. . + + + . . . 3 Accidental species 4 10 8 4 7 1 3 159 Table 9 (Tabela 9): Rubo ulmifolii-Salicetum albae ass. nova (typus rel. n. 13 )rel. 7-9 (Esino river, rel. 1, 4, 5 from Tab. 34 in Biondi & Baldoni, 1992) rel.1-2 (Pescarariver,fromTab.30inPirone,Frattaroli&Corbetta(1997)rel.10-12 (“Fosso della Selva” creek,rel.1-3 from Tab.5 in Biondi &Allegrezza, rel. 3-5 (Saline river, rel. 1, 3, 4 from Tab. 15 in Pirone, 1991)2004) rel. 6 - (Campamante creek, in Allegrezza, 2003) rel. 13-16 (Sant’Imero creek, Tesino river, ined.) Chorotypes Life Rel. n. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213*14 15 16 P form Coverage (%) 90 80 60 80 50 90 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 e Area (m2) 100 150 80 120 150 80 50 100 40 90 100 100 200 80 90 80 s. Charact. and diff. species of the ass. PALEOTEMP. P scap Salix alba L. 5.5 4.4 3 3 3 4.5 5.5 4.4 3.4 4.5 4.5 3.3 4.5 5.5 4.4 4.5 16 EURIMEDIT. NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott 1.2 1.2 1 1 2 1.2 1.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.1 2.3 3.3 +.2 3.3 16 EUROP.-CAUC. P lian Clematis vitalba L. . 1.2 . . . 1.2 . 3.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 . 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 10 P lian Vitis berlandieri Planchon X riparia Michx . . . . . 2.3 1.2 . . 1.2 3.3 . 2.2 2.3 1.2 . 7 EURIMEDIT. P lian Hedera helix L. 2.2 + . . . . . . 1.1 . . . + . 2.2 1.2 6 STENOMEDIT. G rhiz Arum italicum Miller . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.2 . 1.1 + . . . 5 STENOMEDIT. P lian Rubia peregrina L. ssp. longifolia Poiret . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 +.2 . 2 ENDEM. NP Salix apennina Skvortsov . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 . . 1.2 2 STENOMEDIT. Laurus nobilis L. . . . . . . . . .1.2. . . . . . 1 S-EUROP.-SUDSIB. P scap Fraxinus oxycarpa Bieb. . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 . . . . . 1 STENOMEDIT. NP Rosa sempervirens L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1 Charact. species of the Salicion albae all., the Salicetalia purpureaeord. and the Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae class PALEOTEMP. P scap Populus nigra L. . . 1 1 1 1.2 + 3.3 1.2 1.2 . 1.1 1.2 . . . 10 EURASIAT. He Carex pendula Hudson 1.2 . . . . 1.2 . + . . 1.2 4.4 + 2.2 1.2 . 8 EUROP.-CAUC. P caesp Ulmus minor Miller . . . . . 1.2 . . 1.2 2.2 1.2 . 1.2 . 1.2 1.2 7 CIRCUMBOR. G rhiz Equisetum telmateja Ehrh. 1.2 2.3 . + . 1.2 . . . . . 2.2 . . . . 5 EURASIAT. P scap Salix purpurea L. . . 1 + . .1.1. + . . . . . . . 4 PALEOTEMP. P scap Populus alba L. . .22. . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Populus canadensis Moench 1.11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 EUROP.-CAUC. P lian Humulus lupulus L. . . . . . . . 1.2 1.2 . . . . . . . 2 EUROP.-CAUC. H scap Lysimachia nummularia L. . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 EUROSIB. P caesp Salix triandra L. . . . .1. . . . . . . . . . . 1 P scap Populus italica (Duroi) Moench . . . . . 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . 1 Charact. species of the Rhamno-Prunetea class EURASIAT. P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. 1.2 2.2 + . . . . 2.3 +.2 1.2 . . + 2.2 1.2 +.2 10 EUROP.-CAUC. P caesp Sambucus nigra L. 2.2 1.2 . . . 1.2 . 1.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.2 . . 10 EUROP.-CAUC. NP Ligustrum vulgare L. 1.2 +.2 . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 . . . 3 EUROP.-CAUC. P caesp Prunus spinosa L. . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1.1 . 2 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 160 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Other species SUBCOSMOP. H scap Urtica dioica L. 1.2 1.2 . . . 2.3 2.2 2.3 + 1.2 1.1 4.4 1.1 1.2 . . 11 EURASIAT. NP Rubus caesius L. 1.2 +.2 2 1 1 . . . . . . . 1.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 9 AVV. P caesp Robinia pseudoacacia L. . . . . . 1.2 . . 1.2 1.2 . . 1.2 . + . 5 PALEOTEMP. H scand Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. . . . 1 . . . + 1.2 . 1.2 . . +.2 . . 5 EURASIAT. T scap Galium aparine L. . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.1 + . + . . 4 SUBCOSMOP. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. . 2.3 1 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . 4 PALEOTEMP. NP Solanum dulcamara L. . 1.2 . . . . . 1.2 + . . . . . . . 3 P scap Juglans regia L. . +..........1.1+.. 3 EUROSIB. H scap Stachys sylvatica L. . . . . . . . . . . . + 3.3 2.2 . . 3 EUROP.-CAUC. P scap Acer campestre L. . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 . . +.2 2.3 . 3 Accidental species 53213_2125162__4 161 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 10 (Tabela 10): Coronillo emeroidis-Ericetum multiflorae Allegrezza, Biondi, Ballelli & Formica 1997 ericetosum arboreae subass. nova (typus rel. n. 6) – Colutea arborescens variant (rel. n. 1-3) – Myrtus communis variant (rel. n. 8-11) Rel. n. 1 2 3 4 56*7 8 91011 Altitude (m) 100 60 70 160 110 100 200 100 160 130 150 P Life Exposure SE ONO SO S ENE ENE SE SE E NO NO r form Slope (°) 151010 5 5 5 2040402010 e Coverage (%) 95 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 90 90 s. Area (m2) 200 20 20 100 300 100 60 50 100 10 8 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. NP Erica multiflora L. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.4 1.2 4.4 3.3 3.4 2.3 2.3 11 P caesp Juniperus oxycedrus L. + 1.2 . 1.2 1.2 3.4 1.2 1.2 4.4 1.2 +.2 10 NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) + 1.2 +.2 + 1.2 + 2.2 + 1.2 . . 9 Hayek P caesp Spartium junceum L. 2.3 +.2 1.2 1.2 2.3 1.2 2.2 . 1.2 . . 8 Diff. species of the ericetosum arboreae subass. H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. 5.5 3.4 4.4 5.5 4.5 1.2 +.2 2.3 2.3 1.2 +.2 11 NP Cistus salvifolius L. 1.2 1.2 +.2 1.2 + 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 . . 9 P caesp Erica arborea L. + . . 1.2 +.2 2.2 . 1.1 . 1.2 1.2 7 Diff. species of the Colutea arborescens variant P caesp Colutea arborescens L. 1.2 2.2 1.2 ... +.2+... 5 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. + 1.2 +.2 ........ 3 Diff. species of the Myrtus communis variant P caesp Myrtus communis L. . . . . . . . 4.5 1.2 3.4 4.4 Charact. species of the Oleo-Ceratonion all., the Pistacio- Rhamnetalia ord. and the Quercetea ilicis class P scap Quercus ilex L. + +.2 +.2 1.2 + +.2 1.2 + + 1.1 +.2 11 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 . 1.2 + 1.2 + +.2 + +.2 + . 9 P caesp Pistacia lentiscus L. + . . 1.2 + 3.3 1.2 1.2 2.2 +.2 . 8 P lian Rubia peregrina L. . + . 1.2 . 1.2 +.2 + 1.2 +.2 . 7 P lian Lonicera implexa Aiton . . . . +.2 + +.2 +.2 1.2 + 1.1 7 NP Smilax aspera L. . . + . 1.2 +.2 +.2 1.2 1.1 . 6 00 Arbutus unedo L. . . . . . +.21.2 . 2.2 . . 3 P caesp Phillyrea latifolia L. . . +.2 . . . +.2 . . . . 2 P scap Pinus halepensis Miller . . . . . . +.2 . 1.2 . . 2 Other species NP Cistus creticus L. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter & Burdet 2.3 +.2 1.2 + + +.2 +.2 1.2 . . . 8 P caesp Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. . . . + . + 1.2 . . +.2 . 4 P lian Lonicera etrusca Santi . . . 2.2 . . . . 1.2 . . 2 Accidental species 22222_31111 162 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 11 (Tabela 11): Coronillo valentinae-Ampelodesmetum mauritanici Biondi 1986 – ampelodesmetosum mauritanici (Biondi 1986) subass. nova (rill. n. 1-2; typus rel. n. 5 di Tab. 8 in Biondi (1986) – pinetosum halepensis subass. nova (rill. n. 3-4; typus ril. n. 4) Rel. n. 1 2 34*P Altitude (m) 80 90 50 90 r Life Exposure SE S E E e form Slope (°) 35 30 40 40 s. Coverage (%) 100 100 100 100 Area (m2) 50 40 50 50 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.4 7 P caesp Spartium junceum L. 1.2 +.2 2.2 3.3 6 NP Cistus creticus L. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter & Burdet . 2.3 2.3 1.2 6 Diff. species of the pinetosum halepensis subass. P scap Pinus halepensis Miller . . 1.2 3.3 2 P caesp Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. . . +.2 1.2 2 H scap Pulicaria odora (L.) Rchb. . . . 2.3 1 G rhiz Arundo pliniana Turra . +.2 2.3 . 2 Charact. species of the Oleo-Ceratonion all., the Pistacio-Rhamnetalia ord. and the Quercetea ilicis class G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.3 6 P caesp Rhamnus alaternus L. . . . +.2 1 Other species H bienn Silene alba (Miller) Krause + +.2 . . 2 Ch suffr Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don + + . . 2 H scand Convolvulus elegantissimus Miller + + . . 2 H bienn Galactites tomentosa Moench + +.2 . . 2 H bienn Scabiosa maritima L. + + . . 2 H scap Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth + . + . 2 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott + . 1.2 . 2 Ch suffr Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. . . +.2 + 2 Accidental species 3 7 2 2 163 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 12 (Tabela 12): Asparago-Osyridetum albae Allegrezza, Biondi, Ballelli & Formica 1997 Rel. n. 1 2 Altitude (m) 270 250 P Life Exposure NO N r form Slope (°) 5 10 e Coverage (%) 100 100 s. Area (m2) 10 5 Charact. species of the ass. G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 +.2 2 NP Osyris alba L. 4.4 5.5 2 Charact. species of the Cytision sessilifolii all., the Prunetalia spinosae ord. and the Rhamno-Prunetea class NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek 1.2 1.2 2 P caesp Juniperus oxycedrus L. +.2 . 1 Other species H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. +.2 +.2 2 P caesp Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. 1.1 +.2 2 NP Smilax aspera L. 1.2 1.2 2 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. +.2 +.2 2 P lian Lonicera implexa Aiton +.2 +.2 2 NP Cistus creticus L. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter & Burdet . +.2 1 P caesp Erica arborea L. 1.2 . 1 P lian Rubia peregrina L. +.2 . 1 NP Rosa sempervirens L. . +.2 1 H scap Euphorbia cyparissias L. . + 1 NP Erica multiflora L. +.2. 1 P caesp Viburnum tinus L. . +.2 1 164 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 13 (Tabela 13): Lonicero etruscae-Coronilletum emeroidis ass. nova (typus rel. n. 4) Rel. n. 1 2 3 4* P Altitude (m) 220 230 150 80 r Life Exposure N NO ESE NO e form Slope (°) 5 5 10 10 s. Coverage (%) 100 100 90 100 Area (m2) 10 10 8 10 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek 4.4 3.4 3.4 4.5 4 P lian Lonicera etrusca Santi + + . + 3 P lian Rubia peregrina L. . 1.1 +.2 1.1 3 NP Smilax aspera L. . . 3.4 1.2 2 Charact. species of the Cytision sessilifolii all., the Prunetalia spinosae ord. and the Rhamno-Prunetea class P lian Clematis vitalba L. + 1.2 +.2 +.2 4 P caesp Cytisus sessilifolius L. 1.2 4.4 1.2 . 3 P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. . 1.2 . 1.2 2 Ch suffr Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link 1.2 . . . 1 P caesp Colutea arborescens L. . +.2 . . 1 P caesp Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer . +.2 . . 1 P caesp Spartium junceum L. . . +.2 . 1 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott . . . +.2 1 Other species H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. +.2 +.2 1.2 +.2 4 P caesp Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. +.2 +.2 +.2 . 3 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. +.2 +.2 1.2 . 3 P lian Hedera helix L. +.2 1.1 . 3.4 3 P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. . +.2 +.2 +.2 3 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. . + + + 3 Accidental species 2 4 7 3 165 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 14 (Tabela 14): Lonicero etruscae-Cornetum sanguineae Biondi, Bagella, Casavecchia & Pinzi 2002 Rel. n. 123 Altitude (m) 170 320 320 P Life Exposure N N NE r form Slope (°) 20 30 20 e Coverage (%) 100 100 100 s Area (m2) 100 300 40 Charact. species of the ass. P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. 4.5 4.5 3.4 3 P lian Lonicera etrusca Santi 1.1 3.3 1.2 3 Charact. species of the Cytision sessilifolii all., the Prunetalia spinosae ord. and the Rhamno-Prunetea class P lian Rubia peregrina L. 1.1 2.2 1.2 3 NP Ligustrum vulgare L. 1.2 +.2 . 2 NP Rosa canina L. sensu Bouleng. +.2 1.2 . 2 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott +.2 1.2 . 2 NP Coronilla emerus L. ssp. emeroides (Boiss. et Spruner) Hayek . . +.2 1 P lian Clematis vitalba L. . + . 1 P caesp Prunus spinosa L. 1.2 . . 1 P caesp Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer . . +.2 1 Other species P scap Acer campestre L. +.2 1.2 1.2 3 H caesp Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. + 1.2 1.2 3 P scap Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. . 1.2 + 2 H scap Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. ssp. herbaceum (Vill.) Rouy . + 1.2 2 P scap Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. . + + 2 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. + . + 2 P scap Fraxinus ornus L. . + 1.2 2 H caesp Dactylis glomerata L. + . 1.2 2 P caesp Ulmus minor Miller 1.1 1.2 . 2 Accidental species 2 6 10 166 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 15 (Tabela 15): Ulmo-Salicetum apenninae Biondi & Vagge 2004 Rel. n. 1 Altitude (m) 160 Life Exposure ENE form Slope (°) 40 Coverage (%) 100 Area (m2) 80 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. NP Salix apennina Skvortsov 4.5 P caesp Ulmus minor Miller 1.2 P caesp Cornus sanguinea L. 2.2 Charact. species of the Salicion eleagni all., the Salicetalia purpureae ord. and the Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae class P scap Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. 2.2 Charact. species of the Rhamno-Prunetea class NP Rubus caesius L. 3.3 P lian Clematis vitalba L. 2.3 NP Rubus ulmifolius Schott 2.2 P caesp Prunus spinosa L. +.2 Other species P lian Rubia peregrina L. longifolia +.2 H scap Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. + H scap Epilobium tetragonum L. + G rhiz Tussilago farfara L. + G rhiz Arundo pliniana Turra +.2 G rad Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. + T scap Picris echioides L. + 167 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 16 (Tabela 16):Asperulo aristatae-Fumanetum thymifoliae Allegrezza, Biondi, Ballelli & Formica 1997 – Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus variant (rel. n. 2-4) Rel. n. 1 2 3 4 Altitude (m) 200 150 150 170 P Life Exposure SE SO SSO S r form Slope (°) 20 25 30 35 e Coverage (%) 80 100 80 85 s. Area (m2) 10 10 50 60 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. Ch suffr Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.2 4 Ch suffr Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach 4.4 4.5 5.5 3.3 4 Diff. species of the Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus variant NP Cistus creticus L. ssp. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter & Burdet . +.2 +.2 3.4 3 H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. . (+.2) + 1.2 3 Charact. species of the Cisto-Ericion all., the Rosmarinetalia officinalis ord. and the Rosmarinetea officinalis class Ch suffr Fumana procumbens (Dunal) G. et G. 1.2 1.2 . 2.2 3 Ch suffr Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don . 1.2 + . 2 NP Cistus salvifolius L. 1.2 . +.2 . 2 Ch suffr Teucrium polium L. ssp. capitatum (L.) Arcang. 1.2 1.2 2.2 . 2 Ch suffr Argyrolobium zanonii (Turra) P. W. Ball +.2 . . . 1 H scap Convolvulus cantabrica L. 1.2 . . . 1 H scap Ononis pusilla L. . . . 1.1 1 Other species H scap Stachys recta L. +.2 . + 1.1 3 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. . . + 1.2 2 H scap Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton . + . +.2 2 H bienn Scabiosa maritima L. . . +.2 1.2 2 H scap Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth . . + + 2 H caesp Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Janchen . . 2.2 1.1 2 Accidental species 1 5 4 5 168 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 17 (Tabela 17): Asperulo aristatae-Cistetum eriocephali ass. nova (typus rel. n. 2) Rel. n. 12*3 4 P Altitude (m) 250 260 260 270 r Life Exposure S SSO N SE e form Slope (°) 5 15 15 5 s. Coverage (%) 100 90 100 90 Area (m2) 10 20 20 10 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. NP Cistus creticus L. ssp. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter & Burdet 4.4 5.5 4.5 4.4 4 H scap Asperula aristata L. fil. 1.21.21.2 . 3 P caesp Spartium junceum L. + 1.1 . +.2 3 Charact. species of the Cisto-Ericion all., the Rosmarinetalia officinalis ord. and the Rosmarinetea officinalis class Ch suffr Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham + +.2 + . 3 Ch suffr Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don +.2 + 2.3 . 3 Ch suffr Teucrium polium L. ssp. capitatum (L.) Arcang. 1.1 +.2 1.2 . 3 Ch suffr Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach +.2 +.2 . . 2 Ch frut Teucrium flavum L. +1.2. . 2 H scap Ononis pusilla L. +.2 + . . 2 Ch suffr Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. . 2.2 + . 2 Ch suffr Teucrium chamaedrys L. . + +.2 . 2 NP Cistus salvifolius L. 1.2 . . . 1 Ch suffr Argyrolobium zanonii (Turra) P. W. Ball . . + . 1 Other species H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. 1.1 1.2 2.2 1.2 4 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. + + . + 3 H scap Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke + + . . 2 H bienn Scabiosa maritima L. + 1.1 . . 2 T scap Odontites lutea (L.) Clairv. 1.2 . + . 2 P caesp Pistacia lentiscus L. + . . + 2 P caesp Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. + . . +.2 2 H scap Carlina corymbosa L. . 1.1 + . 2 H scap Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke . + + . 2 H caesp Dactylis glomerata L. . + 1.2 . 2 NP Osyris alba L. . . + +.2 2 Accidental species 3 15 5 2 169 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 18 (Tabela 18):Cistetum eriocephali-salvifolii ass. nova (typus rel. n. 3) – Agrypron pungens variant (rel. n. 4-6) Rel. n. 1 2 3* 4 5 6 Altitude (m) 90 110 100 P Life Exposure NNO SSO N r form Slope (°) 10 20 10 e Coverage (%) 90 100 90 50 90 90 s. Area (m2) 60 70 60 20 10 15 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. NP Cistus salvifolius L. 5.5 4.5 4.4 2.3 5.5 4.4 6 NP Cistus creticus L. ssp. eriocephalus 2.3 1.2 3.4 . 1.2 1.2 5 Diff. species of the Agrypron pungens variant G rhiz Agropyron pungens (Pers.) R. et S. . . . +.2 +.2 +.2 3 H scap Urospermum dalechampii (L.) Schmidt . . . + + + 3 Charact. species of the Cisto-Ericion all., the Rosmarinetalia officinalis ord. and the Rosmarinetea officinalis class Ch suffr Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham 1.1 1.2 1.1 . . . 3 Ch suffr Teucrium polium L. ssp. capitatum (L.) Arcang. . 1.2 +.2 1.3 . . 3 Ch suffr Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don + . +.2 . . . 2 Ch suffr Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach . . 1.2 . + . 2 H scap Asperula aristata L. fil. . . + . . . 1 Ch suffr Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. . . . . . 1.1 1 Other species P scap Pinus halepensis Miller 2.2 1.2 1.2 2.3 + + 6 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. 1.2 1.1 1.2 . + + 5 H scap Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke . . . + +.2 + 3 H bienn Scabiosa maritima L. + . . . + . 2 H scap Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton . + . . . + 2 H scap Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. + . 1.2 . . . 2 H caesp Bothriochloa ischaemon (L.) Keng + . +.2 . . . 2 T scap Lagurus ovatus L. . . 1.1 . +.2 . 2 G bulb Allium sphaerocephalon L. + . + . . . 2 T scap Avena barbata Potter + . + . . . 2 H caesp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. . 2.2 1.2 . . . 2 P caesp Colutea arborescens L. . 1.2 + . . . 2 H caesp Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Janchen . 1.1 + . . . 2 H scap Anchusa italica Retz. . . . + + 2 H bienn Verbascum niveum Ten. . . . + + . 2 H scap Salvia verbenaca L. . . . + + . 2 Accidental species 4 2 5 6 4 4 170 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 19 (Tabela 19): Scabioso maritimae-Cymbopogonetum hirti ass. nova (typus rel. n. 3) Rel. n. 1 23*4 Altitude (m) 110 120 120 80 P Life Exposure SO S SSE SSO r form Slope (°) 10 35 25 25 e Coverage (%) 70 90 90 100 s. Area (m2) 30 100 70 150 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. H caesp Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Janchen 3.4 4.5 4.4 5.5 4 Ch suffr Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham 1.2 1.2 2.3 . 3 H bienn Scabiosa maritima L. . 1.1 1.2 1.2 3 H scap Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. angustifolia (Miller) Hayek . 1.1 1.1 + 3 Charact. species of the Inulo-Agropyrion repentis all., the Agropyretalia repentis ord. and the Artemisietea vulgaris class H scap Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton . +.2 + + 3 H caesp Dactylis glomerata L. . . +.2 1.2 2 H scap Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi . +.2 1.2 . 2 H bienn Verbascum sinuatum L. . + 1.1 . 2 H scap Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. + . . 1 H caesp Bothriochloa ischaemon (L.) Keng 1.2 . . . 1 H scap Stachys recta L. + . . 1 G rhiz Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. +.2 1 H scap Hypericum perforatum L. + 1 Other species T scap Avena barbata Potter + 1.1 +.2 1.1 4 T scap Brachypodium distachyum (L.) Beauv. +.2 +.2 . . 2 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. + +.2 . . 2 T scap Bromus madritensis L. . 1.2 1.1 . 2 T scap Bromus rigidus Roth +.2 +.2 . 2 T scap Briza maxima L. . +.2 +.2 . 2 NP Cistus salvifolius L. . +.2 + 2 Ch suffr Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach . +.2 +.2 . 2 H caesp Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link . +.2 + 2 G bulb Allium sphaerocephalon L. 1.1 . + . 2 H scap Euphorbia cyparissias L. . . +.2 +.2 2 Accidental species 7 4 5 3 171 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 20 (Tabela 20):Agropyro repentis-Oryzopsietum miliaceae ass. nova (typus rel. n. 1) Rel. n. 1*2345P Altitude (m) 100 90 100 100 90 r Life Exposure ---SE NNO e form Slope (°) ---20 5 s. Coverage (%) 100 100 100 100 100 Area (m2) 30 20 20 50 20 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. H caesp Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Asch. et Schweinf. 5.5 4.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5 G rhiz Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. +.2 +.2 1.2 1.2 +.2 5 H bienn Scabiosa maritima L. 1.2 +.2 + + +.2 5 H scap Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi +.2 +.2 +.2 +.2 . 4 T scap Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. + . 1.1 + + 4 H scap Foeniculum vulgare Miller ssp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho +.2 . . + . 2 Charact. species of the Inulo-Agropyrion repentis all., the Agropyretalia repentis ord. and the Artemisietea vulgaris class H caesp Dactylis glomerata L. + 1.2 +.2 1.1 1.2 5 H scap Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. angustifolia (Miller) Hayek 1.1 1.1 +.2 + + 5 H scap Stachys recta L. 2.3 +.2 1.1 1.2 . 4 H scap Urospermum dalechampii (L.) Schmidt 1.2 + + 3 T scap Galium aparine L. + +.2 . . . 2 H scap Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. 1.1 + . . . 2 H scap Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton . . +.2 + . 2 G rhiz Convolvulus arvensis L. . . +.2 . . 1 H bienn Pastinaca sativa L. ssp. urens (Req.) Celak . 1.1 . . . 1 H bienn Anthemis tinctoria L. . +.2 . . . 1 H scap Picris hieracioides L. +.2 . . . . 1 H scap Reseda lutea L. +.2 . . . . 1 H scap Malva sylvestris L. +.2 . . . . 1 T scap Picris echioides L. . . +.2 . . 1 H scand Lathyrus sylvestris L. . . . + . 1 G bulb Allium roseum L. . . . + . 1 H caesp Bothriochloa ischaemon (L.) Keng . . . . +.2 1 G rhiz Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. . . . . + 1 Other species T scap Avena barbata Potter 1.1 +.2 +.2 1.1 + 5 G rhiz Asparagus acutifolius L. +.2 +.2 1.2 + + 5 G rhiz Arundo pliniana Turra +.2 1.1 . 1.1 3 Accidental species 4 7 2 4 4 172 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 21 (Tabela 21): Agropyro-Asteretum linosyris Ferrari 1971 Rel. n. 1 2 3 Altitude (m) 340 330 340 Exposure S N N P Life Slope (°) 40 40 45 r form Coverage (%) 40 30 30 e Area (m2) 5 30 2 s. Charact. and diff. species of the ass. and the Podospermo laciniati-Elythrigenion athericae suball. H bienn Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. 1.1 1.2 1.2 3 G rhiz Agropyron pungens (Pers.) R. et S. +.2 +.2 . 2 H scap Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. . . + 1 Charact. species of the Inulo-Agropyrion repentis all., the Agropyretalia repentis ord. and the Artemisietea vulgaris class H bienn Daucus carota L. 1.1 + 2.2 3 H scap Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. arvensis +.2 . + 2 H scap Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton . + . 1 H bienn Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas + . . 1 G rhiz Convolvulus arvensis L. 1.2 . . 1 H scap Beta vulgaris L. + . . 1 Other species P caesp Robinia pseudoacacia L. + 1.1 + 3 H caesp Dactylis glomerata L. + . + 2 T scap Avena barbata Potter + . + 2 T scap Bromus madritensis L. + . +.2 2 H scap Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth . +.2 1.1 2 173 Hacquetia 5/2 • 2006, 135–175 Table 22 (Tabela 22): Epilobio tetragoni-Elymetum pycnanthi Biondi, Ballelli, Allegrezza & Manzi 1990 Rel. n. 123 Altitude (m) 310 350 310 P Life Exposure SW W W r form Slope (°) 35 25 30 e Coverage (%) 95 90 80 s. Area (m2) 20 20 20 Charact. and diff. species of the ass. and the Inulo-Agropyrion repentis all. G rhiz Agropyron pungens (Pers.) R. et S. 1.2 3.4 3.4 3 H scap Hedysarum coronarium L. +.2 1.1 +.2 3 H scap Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton +.2 +.2 1.2 3 H bienn Daucus carota L. 1.1 + + 3 H scap Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. + + + 3 H scap Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. 1.1 +.2 . 2 H scap Senecio erucifolius L. 1.1 . + 2 T scap Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Hudson 1.2 . + 2 T scap Picris echioides L. . + + 2 H scap Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth 1.1 . + 2 T scap Atriplex latifolia Wahlenb. . + + 2 Charact. species of the Agropyretalia repentis ord. and the Artemisietea vulgaris class G rhiz Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. +.3 2.3 1.2 3 G rhiz Convolvulus arvensis L. + +.2 + 3 H bienn Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas 1.1 1.1 1.1 3 H scap Picris hieracioides L. + +.2 + 3 H bienn Anthemis tinctoria L. + . +.2 2 Other species H caesp Dactylis glomerata L. 4.4 1.2 +.2 3 T scap Avena barbata Potter +.2 1.2 +.2 3 G bulb Allium roseum L. + + + 3 P caesp Robinia pseudoacacia L. +.2 +.2 +.2 3 P caesp Spartium junceum L. +.2 +.2 . 2 P scap Quercus ilex L. Pl. + . + 2 Accidental species 5 13 3 174 M. allegrezza, e. Biondi, S. Felici: a PHytoSociological analySiS oF tHe Vegetation oF tHe central adriatic Sector … Table 23 (Tabela 23): Ononido reclinatae-Plantaginetum bellardii (typus ril. 2) Rel. n. 12*3 4 Altitude (m) 90 110 110 90 P Life Exposure E -E -r form Slope (°) 5 -5 _ e Coverage (%) 100 100 90 100 s. Area (m2) 60 80 70 50 Charact. species of the ass., the Tuberarion guttatae all. and the Tuberarietalia guttatae ord. T scap Plantago bellardi All. 4.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 4 T caesp Vulpia ciliata (Danth.) Link 2.3 1.1 + 1.1 4 T scap Ononis reclinata L. 1.1 1.2 +.2 +.2 4 T scap Lagurus ovatus L. +.2 1.2 +.2 +.2 4 T scap Medicago coronata (L.) Bartal. +.2 + + 1.1 4 T scap Hippocrepis ciliata Willd. + + . . 2 Charact. species of the Tuberarietea guttatae class T scap Brachypodium distachyum (L.) Beauv. +.2 + +.2 +.2 4 T scap Cerastium semidecandrum L. 1.1 + + + 4 T rept Trifolium scabrum L. 1.1 +.2 + . 3 T scap Tragus racemosus (L.) All. . +.2 +.2 +.2 3 T scap Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. +.2 +.2 . . 2 T scap Linum strictum L. ssp. corymbulosum (Rchb.) Rouy + + . . 2 T scap Hypochoeris achyrophorus L. + . . . 1 T scap Trifolium stellatum L. . . + . 1 T scap Catapodium rigidum (L.) Hubbard . . . +.2 1 Other species T scap Bromus madritensis L. 1.2 + 1.1 +.2 4 T scap Avena barbata Potter + +.2 . . 2 NP Cistus creticus ssp. eriocephalus +.2 . . . 1 Ch suffr Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach +.2 . . . 1 Ch suffr Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham . +.2 . . 1 H scap Sanguisorba minor Scop. . + . . 1 T scap Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. . + . . 1 G bulb Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. . . + . 1 H caesp Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Janchen . . +.2 . 1 T scap Crepis sancta (L.) Babc. . . + . 1 175