Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 1 Izvirni znanstveni članek / Original scientific paper PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF MESOPHILOUS COLLINE-SUBMONTANE FAGUS SYLVATICA AND CARPINUS BETULUS FORESTS IN SLOVENIAN ISTRIA FITOCENOLOŠKA OZNAKA MEZOFILNIH BUKOVIH IN BELOGABROVIH GOZDOV V GRIČEVNEM IN PODGORSKEM PASU SLOVENSKE ISTRE Igor DAKSKOBLER1, Zvone SADAR2 (1) Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional Unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si (2) Zavod za gozdove Slovenije, Območna enota Sežana, Krajevna enota Kozina, Hrpelje, Reška cesta 14, SI-6240 Kozina, zvone. sadar@zgs.si ABSTRACT A phytosociological analysis of 46 relevés of mesophilous colline and submontane Fagus sylvatica as well as (or) Carpinus betulus forests was conducted in Slovenian Istria. It was established that they are frequently syndynamically interrelated: in places, common hornbeam stands are merely a degradation stage on beech sites, and can be classified into the subassociation Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni (its locus classicus is in the Goriška Brda Hills) and into the new subassocia- tion Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Carpinetum betuli seslerietosum autumnalis. Compared with similar submontane stands from other parts of the western and southwestern Slovenia they are slightly poorer in species, with fewer diagnostic species of alliances Erythronio-Carpinion, Aremonio-Fagion and Tilio-Acerion, order Fagetalia sylvaticae and class Vaccinio-Piceetea, and with more diagnostic species of the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae. Geographically, they are characterised by the taxon Helleborus odorus subsp. istriacus. Although they cover small areas these forests generate high yields and are therefore important both economically and as biotopes of protected species. Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, beech sites, Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, Ornithogalo-Fagetum, Istria, Slovenia IZVLEČEK Fitocenološko smo analizirali 46 popisov mezofilnih gozdov bukve in (ali) belega gabra v kolinskem in submontanskem pasu slovenske Istre. Ugotovili smo, da so med seboj pogosto sindinamsko povezani: sestoji belega gabra so ponekod le degradaci- jska stopnja na bukovih rastiščih, tako da jih lahko uvrstimo v subasociacijo Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni (ki ima klasična nahajališča v Goriških Brdih) in v novo subasociacijo Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Carpinetum betuli seslerietosum autumnalis. V primerjavi s podobnimi podgorskimi sestoji iz drugih delov zahodne in jugozahodne Slovenije so vrstno nekoliko revnejši, z manjšim deležem diagnostičnih vrst zvez Erythronio-Carpinion, Aremonio-Fagion in Tilio-Acerion, reda Fagetalia syl- vaticae in razreda Vaccinio-Piceetea in z večjim deležem vrst reda Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae. Fitogeografsko jih označuje takson Helleborus odorus subsp. istriacus. Kljub majhnim površinam so ti gozdovi zaradi donosnih rastišč pomembni gospo- darsko in zaradi zavarovanih vrst tudi biotopsko. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, bukova rastišča, Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, Ornithogalo-Fagetum, Istra, Slovenija GDK 182:176.1+228(497.4)(045) Prispelo / Received: 20. 2. 2018 DOI 10.20315/ASetL.115.1 Sprejeto / Accepted: 10. 4. 2018 1 INTRODUCTION 1 UVOD Phytosociological characteristics of beech forests in Slovenian Istria have already been discussed in several papers (Dakskobler, 1996a, 2013, Sadar and Daksko- bler, 2015), but were mainly focused on the stands of the association Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum that dominate on shady convex slopes. We also discussed more mesophilous beech and common hornbeam fo- rests growing on levelled terrain, colluvial foothills and gullies with deeper and moister soil than in the predo- minant stands of the association Seslerio autumnalis- Fagetum. We provisionally classified such mesophilous stands into associations Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fage- tum and Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Crapinetum. However, slightly similar beech and common hornbeam stands in the Croatian part of Istria are classified into two other associations, Carici pilosae-Fagetum Oberdorfer 1957 (Trinajstić, 1994, 2008) and Anemono nemo- rosae-Carpinetum Trinajstić 1964 (Trinajstić, 1994, 2 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... 2008, Vukelić, 2012). The purpose of our analysis of 46 relevés was therefore to test the accuracy of our preli- minary and provisional classifications. 1.1 Ecological description of the study area 1.1 Ekološki opis raziskovanega območja The surveyed stands were situated mainly on shady aspects at 30 to 400 m a.s.l. The parent material consi- sts of Eocene flysch and flysch-like sediments with al- ternating marlstone and sandstone layers and interca- lations of breccia and limestones (Pleničar et al., 1973: 32–33, Buser, 2009). Several stands were recorded also on alluvium along small Istrian rivers and streams. Be- ech and common hornbeam stands in Slovenian Istria occur mainly on Eutric brown soils, along rivers also on better-developed fluvisols (Stepančič, 1974, Lo- vrenčak, 1998). The climate in the study area is warm, with mean annual temperature of 11 °C–12 °C and the vegetation period with the mean daytime tempera- ture exceeding 10 °C for around 200 days, from early April to the end of October (Cegnar 1998). The average annual precipitation is 1000 to 1200 mm, with more than half of the rainfall incurring during the vegetation period. Spring and autumn receive more rainfall than winter and summer (Zupančič, 1998). Narrow valleys and gorges where beech and common hornbeam have survived have a colder local climate. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 MATERIALI IN METODE Phytosociological relevés of beech and hornbeam stands in Slovenian Istria were made applying the Central-European method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964) and entered into the FloVegSi database (Fauna, Flora, Vegetation and Paleovegetation of Slovenia) of the Jo- van Hadži Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU (Seliškar et al., 2003). The first step in arranging the relevés was hierarchical classification, so we transformed the com- bined cover-abundance values with numerical values (1–9) according to van der Maarel (1979). All calcula- tions were carried out with the programme package SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani, 2001). We used the dendo- gram obtained with the (unweighted) average linkage method (UPGMA) and Wishart’s similarity ratio as the basis for the arrangement of relevés into analytic Table 1. All the recorded species were classified into sociolo- gical groups (groups of diagnostic species) taking into account numerous review papers and our long-stan- ding experience. The nomenclature source for the na- mes of vascular plants is the Mala flora Slovenije (Mar- tinčič et al., 2007), except for the taxon Helleborus odo- rus Waldst. et Kit. subsp. istriacus Schiffner. Martinčič (2003, 2011) is the nomenclature source for the names of mosses. The nomenclature sources for the names of syntaxa are Šilc and Čarni (2012), except for the name Fig. 1: Localities of recorded stands of the associations Or- nithogalo-Fagetum and Ornithogalo-Carpinetum in Slovenian Istria Slika 1: Nahajališča sestojev asociacij Ornithogalo-Fagetum in Ornithogalo-Carpinetum v slovenski Istri Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 3 of the class Querco-Fagetea Braun-Blanquet et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937. The data on the parent material follow Buser (2009). The source for the nomenclature of soil types is Urbančič et al. (2005). 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3 REZULTATI IN RAZPRAVA The 46 relevés of mesophilous stands, the tree la- yer of which is dominated by Fagus sylvatica and (or) Carpinus betulus (Figure 1) formed two larger and one smaller group (Figure 2). The first group comprises beech stands, the second common hornbeam stands; three relevés have a different species composition. One of them is a degradation stage of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and beech (on a beech site), the other two are a fascinating pioneer forest of common haw- thorn (Crataegus monogyna) on alluvium, likely a pio- neer form of common hornbeam riparian forest classi- fied into the association Carici pendulae-Crataegetum monogynae nom. prov. On the whole, the species composition of beech stands is very similar to the species composition of common hornbeam stands. At least in places the stu- died common hornbeam stands are only a degradati- on stage on former beech sites. Trinajstić (1994) came to similar conclusions for the Croatian part of Istria. Compared to similar submontane stands on flysch and mixed flysch-limestone bedrock elsewhere in the sub-Mediterranean and pre-Alpine sub-Mediterrane- an part of Slovenia (the lower course of the Idrijca and Bača valleys, the Soča Valley between Most na Soči and Solkan, the Idrija Valley, the valleys of the Vipava, Bra- nica and Raša) the mesophilous beech stands in Istria are poorer in species. Very rare or completely absent in Istrian submontane beech forests are some diagno- stic species of the alliances Erythronio-Carpinion and Aremonio-Fagion (Helleborus odorus subsp. odorus, Lamium orvala, Hacquetia epipactis, Euphorbia carnio- lica), as well as some species of the order Fagetalia syl- vaticae (Fraxinus excelsior, Daphne mezereum, Galeob- dolon flavidum, Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum, Prenanthes purpurea) and of the classes Querco-Fage- tea (Veratrum nigrum, Vinca minor, Hepatica nobilis) and Vaccinio-Piceetea (Aposeris foetida, Veronica ur- ticifolia, Maianthemum bifolium, Luzula pilosa). More common in Istrian mesophilous beech forest are some diagnostic species of the order Quercetalia pubescenti- petraeae (Quercus cerris, Sorbus torminalis, Heleborus odorus subsp. istriacus). Certain floristic curiosities that very rarely occur in other so far described forms of the association Ornithogalo-Fagetum are Arum itali- cum and Asparagus acutifolius. Nevertheless, mesophi- Fig. 2: Dendrogram of mesophilous colline-submontane for- est stands with dominating Fagus sylvatica and (or) Carpinus betulus in Slovenian Istria, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio: OrF – Ornithogalo-Fagetum, OrC – Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, RpFs – Robinia pseudoacacia-Fagus sylvatica stage, CpCm – Carici pendulae-Crataegetum monogynae nom. prov. Slika 2: Dendrogram mezofilnih kolinsko-submontanskih goz- dnih sestojev s prevladujočima bukvijo (Fagus sylvatica) in (ali) belim gabrom (Carpinus betulus) v slovenski Istri, UPGMA, 1-si- milarity ratio: OrF – Ornithogalo-Fagetum, OrC – Ornithogalo- Carpinetum, RpFs – Robinia pseudoacacia-Fagus sylvatica stage, CpCm – Carici pendulae-Crataegetum monogynae nom. prov. 4 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... lous beech stands from Slovenian Istria still comprise most of the diagnostic species of the association Or- nithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum (Marinček et al., 1990, Dakskobler, 1996b, 2006), and we can still classify them into the geographical variant Ornithogalo pyre- naici-Fagetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus (Daksko- bler, 2006), while on the level of subassociation they can be classified into the subassociation of drier sites - fraxinetosum orni (Dakskobler, 1996). But our compa- rison clearly shows that phytogeographical differences between the Central Soča Valley, Goriška Brda and the Vipava Valley on one side and Slovenian Istria on the other side are considerable. With comparison of Istri- an communities (Ornithogalo-Fagetum, relevés 1–23 in Table 1, Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, relevés 24–43 in Table 1, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum – Dakskobler, 1996a) and two communites from the Goriška Brda and Vipava Valley (Ornithogalo-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni, Dakskobler, 1996b, Ornithogalo-Fagetum, (mo- stly) Hills near Gorica, Dakskobler, unpublished) we obtained the following result (Table 2, Figure 3). Istrian communities are grouped together, apart of communities from the Gorica region. Rang of geo- graphical variant is in some way adequate to “small” association, but the existing Code of phytosociological nomenclature (Weber et al., 2000) does not consider it. Stands of the association Ornithogalo-Fagetum from the Central Soča Valley and lower Vipava Valley should be classified into the new geographical variant var. ge- ogr. Anemone trifolia. The rarest among the character species of the as- sociation Ornithogalo-Fagetum in Istrian mesophilo- us beech community are Ornithogalum pyrenaicum and Crocus vernus subsp. vernus. These two species are still present in Istria, but are not as common as, for example, in the Central Soča Valley. The reason for less frequent presence of Ornithogalum pyrenaicum in Slovenian part of Istria possibly lies in the geologi- cal bedrock and soil conditions. The optimum for this species are mixed (limestone with marlstone) bedrock and more or less neutral brown soils with enough wa- ter supply. Parent material in Istria is mainly flysch and soils are drier and more acid than in the Central Soča Valley. Classification of these stands into the Central- European association Carici pilosae-Fagetum (Trinaja- stić, 1994, 2008) is inappropriate, because the stands of this association have recently been discussed wi- thin the framework of the association Cephalanthero Fig. 3: Dendrogram of five types of the sub-Mediterranean Fagus sylvatica (and Carpinus betulus) communites, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio: OrF-I – Ornithogalo-Fagetum, Istria, this article, OrC-I Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, Istria, this article, SF-I – Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Istria (Dakskobler, 1996a), OrF-Gb – Ornithogalo-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni (Dak- skobler, 1996b), OrF-Vd – Ornithogalo-Fagetum, the lower Vipava Valley, Dakskobler, unpublished Slika 3: Dendrogram petih submediteranskih bukovih (in belogabrovih) združb, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio: OrF-I – Or- nithogalo-Fagetum, Istra, ta članek, OrC-I Ornithogalo-Carpi- netum, Istra, ta članek, SF-I – Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Istra (Dakskobler, 1996a), OrF-Gb – Ornithogalo-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni (Dakskobler, 1996b), OrF-Vd– Ornithogalo- Fagetum, spodnja Vipavska dolina, Dakskobler, neobjavljeno Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 5 longifoliae-Fagetum Vukelić, Baričević et Šapić 2012 (Vukelić, 2012), the stands of which dominate in the sub-Pannonian part of Croatia. Carex sylvatica, Carex pilosa and Dryopteris filix-mas are good differential species of the Istrian form of the association Ornitho- galo-Fagetum against contact stands of the association Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum. In terms of their entire species composition the stands of these two associa- tions are very similar (see Figure 3, Tables 2 and 3); decisive here is the difference in medium coverage of several key species (such as Sesleria autumnalis) and also much greater proportion of diagnostic species of the order Fagetalia saylvaticae in the association Orni- thogalo-Fagetum and higher proportion of diagnostic species of the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae in the association Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum (Table 3). Considerable floristic similarity of various types of beech communities that occur in the same altitudinal belt was established also in the Central Soča Valley (Dakskobler, 1996b). Despite the rare occurrence of Ornithogalum pyre- naicum we believe that the classification of these most mesophilous beech forests in the area into the associa- tion Ornithogalo-Fagetum is appropriate. In the frame- work of the described syntaxon (Ornithogalo-Fagetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus fraxinetosum orni) we distinguish between three variants: the most mesophi- lous with Allium ursinum and Arum maculatum (var. Al- lium ursinum), the typical variant (var. typica) and a sli- ghtly acidophilic variant with Pteridium aquilinum and Calamagrostis arundinacea (var. Pteridium aquilinum). The current structure of these stands is poor, with predominating coppice. Remains of charcoal piles still bear witness to charcoal production that took place there in the past. Sites of sub-Mediterranean submon- tane beech stands can be very productive (Dakskobler, 2015) and offer the possibility of growing high-quality beech to be used for wood also in Istria. The species composition of stands with predomi- nating Carpinus betulus was compared with the speci- es composition of similar common hornbeam stands in the valleys of the Branica and Raša (subassociation Or- nithogalo-Carpinetum lamietosum orvalae) – Daksko- bler (2016) and with the species composition of the stands of the association Anemono nemorosae-Carpine- tum from Croatian Istria (the vicinity of Pazin) – Trinaj- stić (1994). The results of the comparison are shown in Figure 4. Forest stands with dominant Carpinus betulus in Slovenian part of Istria differ from similar stands in the vicinity of Pazin by presence of following species: Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, Fraxinus ornus, Cornus mas, Sesleria autumnalis,Tamus communis, Asparagus acuti- folius, Lathyrus venetus, Carpinus orientalis, Castanea sativa, Quercus petraea and Ajuga reptans, while the Fig. 4: Dendrogram of three types of the sub-Mediterranean Carpinus betulus communites, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio: OrC-Bran – Ornithogalo-Carpinetum lamietosum orvalae, OrC-Istra – Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, Slovenian Istria, AnC- Istra – Anemono nemorosae-Carpinetum, Croatian Istria Slika 4: Dendrogram treh submediteranskih združb belega gabra, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio: OrC-Bran – Ornithogalo- Carpinetum lamietosum orvalae, OrC-Istra – Ornithogalo- Carpinetum, slovenska Istra, AnC-Istra – Anemono nemoro- sae-Carpinetum, hrvaška Istra 6 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total Da tab as e n um be r o f r ele vé (D elo vn a š tev ilk a p op isa ) 270237 256667 264484 264486 264487 264488 264485 242909 256713 264469 264481 264483 270234 270235 270236 252147 270233 269826 269827 269828 269829 270231 270232 252428 264502 264504 269840 260889 264500 264501 254409 259504 259505 269832 269833 259503 269839 269843 269844 269825 269831 269841 269842 264470 264506 264508 El ev ati on in m (N ad mo rsk a v iši na v m) 160 250 275 250 250 270 260 230 180 180 290 293 230 270 230 360 370 385 390 385 390 400 380 113 290 290 260 50 70 50 27 150 150 175 175 90 225 240 330 365 355 240 220 180 51 49 As pe ct (L eg a) NNW NW NW S SW SW NW NNW E NNW NNW NW N N N NW N NE NNE NE NE N NW N NW N NW NW N NNE NE NW NW NW NW N SW SWW W SW SSW SSW W N SE SE Sl op e i n d eg re es (N ag ib v s top inj ah ) 10 20 20 5 10 5 15 25 15 10 30 25 25 25 15 10 20 20 20 15 25 15 10 25 15 3 20 5 10 3 30 20 25 30 15 15 1 20 10 10 10 10 20 1 2 1 Pa re nt ma ter ial (M ati čn a p od lag a) F F F L L F F F FA F F F AF AF AF F F F F F F AF F F F F F F F F F F F L AL AF Al F F F F F F Al Al F So il ( Tla ) E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E St on ine ss in % (K am nit os t v % ) 0 5 0 0 40 0 0 10 20 5 0 0 2 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Co ve r in % (Z as tira nje v % ): Up pe r t re e l ay er (Z go rn ja dr ev es na pl as t) E3 b 70 90 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 80 80 80 90 70 90 80 70 95 80 95 90 70 70 80 90 80 70 90 90 80 70 80 80 95 90 70 80 70 90 90 80 80 70 80 70 70 Lo we r t re e l ay er (S po dn ja dr ev es na pl as t) E3 a 30 5 10 5 . 5 10 10 . 20 10 10 10 30 10 20 20 5 5 5 5 30 30 20 10 10 20 10 20 20 20 20 10 5 5 10 . 5 10 5 . 10 20 10 10 . Sh ru b l ay er (G rm ov na pl as t) E2 20 70 60 60 50 60 50 60 60 60 70 60 30 30 50 60 5 15 20 1 5 15 20 20 90 60 10 80 60 70 70 70 80 80 80 40 20 20 10 5 5 1 10 20 40 40 He rb la ye r ( Ze liš čn a p las t) E1 70 80 70 60 60 30 30 40 20 30 30 40 70 70 20 80 30 35 40 20 35 30 70 40 30 70 50 60 80 70 60 70 70 50 50 10 70 60 60 30 30 30 50 60 60 70 Mo ss la ye r ( Ma ho vn a p las t) E0 5 0 10 5 20 5 5 5 0 5 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 2 1 5 5 5 10 10 5 5 5 1 30 0 10 1 15 . 1 5 0 0 1 5 5 5 5 10 Ma xim um di am ete r o f tr ee s (N ajv eč ji p rsn i p re me r d re ve s) cm 35 50 40 50 40 35 40 40 50 40 40 40 35 35 35 40 30 45 40 40 35 35 30 35 40 35 35 40 45 30 25 30 40 40 35 35 25 30 25 40 35 30 40 35 30 20 Ma xim um he igh t o f tr es s (N ajv eč ja dr ev es na vi šin a) m 20 30 24 25 22 22 25 22 39 22 22 24 20 20 20 27 18 30 30 30 28 20 19 25 25 18 20 25 25 17 16 20 23 24 24 25 15 17 16 26 22 20 17 22 15 17 Nu mb er of sp ec ies (Š tev ilo vr st) 38 46 43 43 40 36 45 51 36 34 38 36 38 39 29 59 58 28 41 22 32 42 45 54 40 42 44 39 39 51 54 37 40 32 38 44 49 38 35 28 33 28 37 41 41 25 Re lev é a re a (V eli ko st po pis ne pl os kv e) m2 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 200 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 200 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Da te of tak ing re lev é (D atu m po pis a) 14.06.1991 8.05.2015 17.05.2016 17.05.2016 17.05.2016 17.05.2016 17.05.2016 17.04.2012 8.05.2015 17.05.2016 17.05.2016 17.05.2016 14.06.1991 14.06.1991 20.03.1992 14.04.2014 24.05.1991 19.05.2017 19.05.2017 19.05.2017 19.05.2017 15.06.1991 15.06.1991 7.05.2014 12.04.2016 12.04.2016 4.05.2017 12.04.2016 12.04.2016 12.04.2016 14.04.2014 29.04.2015 29.04.2015 19.05.2017 19.05.2017 29.04.2015 4.05.2017 4.05.2017 4.05.2017 19.05.2017 19.05.2017 4.05.2017 4.05.2017 17.05.2016 12.04.2016 12.04.2016 Lo ca lity (N ah aja liš če ) Draga Bržanski potok Bržanski potok Bržanski potok Bržanski potok Bržanski potok Bržanski potok Vruja Labor Draški potok Bržanski potok Bržanski potok Draga Draga Draga Malinska Abitanti-Mandrija Malinska Malinska Malinska Malinska-Suje Abitanti-Krajevica Abitanti-Krajevica Padna-Piševec Lopar-Preska Lopar-Rokava Dragonja-Poletiči Miši Miši Miš -Martežin Sv. Peter Korte-Črmošnjica Korte-Črmošnjica Dragonja-Rošt Dragonja-Rošt Sv. Peter Dragonja-Butari Dragonja-Stran Dragonja-Poletiči Malinska-Lomatrnica Malinska-Lomatrnica Dragonja-Butari Dragonja -Reber Draški potok Čered Čered Qu ad ra nt (K va dr an t) 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0549/3 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/4 0548/4 0548/4 0548/4 0548/4 0548/4 0548/4 0548/4 0548/1 0449/3 0449/3 0549/1 0448/4 0448/4 0448/4 0548/1 0547/2 0547/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/1 0549/1 0549/1 0549/1 0548/4 0548/4 0549/1 0549/1 0549/3 0548/1 0548/1 Co or din ate G K Y (D -4 8) m 404871 407019 407046 406848 406751 406828 406950 407108 405830 413396 407188 407218 405042 404871 404555 407933 408034 407487 407431 407523 407390 408433 407971 398870 410466 410612 411480 408424 408454 408240 396289 395065 395014 406765 406714 396382 410868 411518 411705 407346 407528 410837 410720 413384 396167 396257 Co or din ate G K X (D -4 8) m 5038435 5038430 5038469 5038326 5038090 5038260 5038409 5036621 5037326 5034273 5038600 5038615 5038314 5038036 5038118 5034014 5033533 5034133 5034100 5034118 5034342 5034140 5033986 5039461 5041476 5041625 5039091 5044867 5044850 5044453 5036631 5039774 5039764 5036901 5036920 5036407 5038503 5039303 5039474 5034418 5034310 5038394 5038244 5034282 5039655 5039622 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total Ta bl e1 : O rn ith og al o- Fa ge tu m , O rn ith og al o- Ca rp in et um , S lo ve ni an Is tr ia Pr eg le dn ic a 1: O rn ith og al o- Fa ge tu m , O rn ith og al o- Ca rp in et um , S lo ve ns ka Is tr a Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 7 Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total Di ag no sti c s pe cie s o f t he as so cia tio n O rn ith og alo -F ag etu m (D iag no sti čn e v rs te as oc iac ije O rn ith og alo -F ag etu m) QI Ru sc us ac ule atu s E2 a 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 2 1 + 1 + + 2 + 3 5 3 + 5 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 + + + 1 + + 2 2 3 . 23 10 0 20 10 0 45 98 QP Se sle ria au tum na lis E1 + + + . + + 1 + + + + 1 + 1 1 . + + + 1 + . + 1 + 3 1 + 2 + r + + + . + + 1 + + 1 + 2 + . . 20 87 19 95 40 87 QP Ta mu s c om mu nis E1 + + + + + + + + + + + 1 . 1 . + 1 . + . . + 1 2 + + 1 + + + 1 . + + + + 1 1 . . . + r 1 1 1 18 78 16 80 37 80 FS Fa gu s s ylv ati ca E3 b 3 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 + . r . . . . . . . + + . . . . 4 . . . 2 . . 23 10 0 5 25 29 63 FS Fa gu s s ylv ati ca E3 a . . + . + . + . + . + . 1 + 1 + 1 + + + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 65 1 5 16 35 FS Fa gu s s ylv ati ca E2 b . . + . . + . + . + . + + + 1 2 1 + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . + . . 14 61 2 10 17 37 FS Fa gu s s ylv ati ca E2 a + 1 + . . . . . . + . . + . . 3 + 1 2 + 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 + . . . . . 12 52 3 15 15 33 FS Fa gu s s ylv ati ca E1 + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + . 1 1 1 . . . 3 + 2 2 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 + . . 1 . . 17 74 3 15 21 46 QP He lle bo ru s o do ru s s ub sp . is tria cu s E1 . + + + + 1 + + + . + + . + . + . . . . + . + 1 + + + . . 1 + . . . . . + + . . + + . + 1 + 14 61 10 50 27 59 QP La thy ru s v en etu s E1 . + + . r + 1 . . + + . . . . + + . . . . + + . + 1 + . . . + . . + + . . + . . . . . . . . 11 48 7 35 18 39 AI Ar um ita lic um E1 1 + . . + + . 1 . . . . + . 1 . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . r + + . . + . . . . . . . . 1 . 7 30 5 25 13 28 EC Or nit ho ga lum py re na icu m E1 . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . 1 . + + . . . + . 1 . . 1 . . + + 1 4 8 40 11 24 EC Cr oc us ve rn us su bs p. ve rn us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 + . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 4 20 5 11 Di ag no sti c s pe cie s o f t he as so cia tio n O rn ith og alo -C ar pin etu m (D iag no sti čn e v rs te as oc iac ije O rn ith og alo -C ar pin etu m) FS Ca rp inu s b etu lus E3 b 1 1 . . . . r 1 1 + + . . . . + . . . . . . 2 3 3 4 4 2 . 3 4 4 5 4 5 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 . + . 9 39 19 95 29 63 FS Ca rp inu s b etu lus E3 a 1 + . . . . + 1 . 1 + . + . . 1 . . . . r 2 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 . 1 . . 1 + . 1 . . . . 11 48 14 70 25 54 FS Ca rp inu s b etu lus E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . . 0 0 7 35 7 15 FS Ca rp inu s b etu lus E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 FS Ca rp inu s b etu lus E1 . + . . . . . + . + . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . 1 + + . . 1 1 2 + . . . 4 17 10 50 14 30 QF Cr ata eg us la ev iga ta E2 b . . . + + . + + 1 . . . + + 1 + + + 1 + + 1 + + + 1 + + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 . . + + + + . . . . . 16 70 16 80 32 70 QF Cr ata eg us la ev iga ta E2 a . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + . . . + 1 . . + + . . . . . . + . . . . . 2 9 7 35 9 20 CO Ca rp inu s o rie nta lis E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 4 CO Ca rp inu s o rie nta lis E3 a . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + . . . . + . . . . . + 1 . . . 1 4 6 30 7 15 CO Ca rp inu s o rie nta lis E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 0 0 1 5 2 4 CO Ca rp inu s o rie nta lis E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . 0 0 3 15 4 9 QF Sc illa bi fol ia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 2 + . 1 1 1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 7 35 7 15 QP As pa ra gu s t en uif oli us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 0 0 2 10 2 4 EC Kn au tia dr ym eia su bs p. ter ge sti na E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . 0 0 3 15 3 7 Di ag no sti c s pe cie s o f s uc ce ss ion al sta ge s ( Di ag no sti čn e v rs te su kc es ijs kih st ad ije v) EA Ro bin ia ps eu do ac ac ia E3 b . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . 1 1 4 4 20 7 15 EA Ro bin ia ps eu do ac ac ia E2 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 RP Cr ata eg us m on og yn a E3 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . + . . . . . + + 4 3 1 4 4 20 8 17 RP Cr ata eg us m on og yn a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . + . . . + 1 1 4 3 15 6 13 RP Cr ata eg us m on og yn a E2 a + + + + + + . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . + + . . . + + . . . + + . + + + + + . + . . . + . 10 43 10 50 21 46 AI Ca re x p en du la E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . 2 3 0 0 2 10 4 9 Di ffe re nt ial sp ec ies of lo we r u nit s ( Ra zli ko va lni ce ni žji h s int ak so no ms kih en ot ) QP Fr ax inu s o rn us E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . . + . . . . . . . + 1 1 4 3 15 6 13 QP Fr ax inu s o rn us E3 a + . . . . + . + . 1 1 1 + 1 1 . + . . . . + + 1 . . + + 1 . + 1 1 + + . . . . . . . 1 . . . 12 52 10 50 22 48 QP Fr ax inu s o rn us E2 b . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 1 . . + + 1 + . . + . . . 1 . + . 4 17 10 50 15 33 QP Fr ax inu s o rn us E2 b . 1 1 + . . . . . + + 1 + . . . . 2 2 + . . . . + + 1 1 2 . . . . . . + . 1 + . . + . + 1 1 10 43 9 45 22 48 8 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total QP Fr ax inu s o rn us E1 . 1 . . + . + 1 1 + 1 + . . . + + 1 2 + . . . 1 + . 1 + 1 . . + . 1 1 . + 1 1 . + + + 1 1 . 13 57 14 70 29 63 QP So rb us to rm ina lis E3 b . . . . . . . . . . r . + + . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . 5 22 2 10 8 17 QP So rb us to rm ina lis E3 a . + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + + . . . . . r + . . r + . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . 5 22 6 30 11 24 QP So rb us to rm ina lis E2 b + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . + . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . 3 13 5 25 8 17 QP So rb us to rm ina lis E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . 2 9 4 20 6 13 QP So rb us to rm ina lis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . + . + . . . . . 2 9 4 20 6 13 QR Ca sta ne a s ati va E3 b + . . . . . + r . . . . . + + . . . + . + . + 1 . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . 8 35 6 30 14 30 QR Ca sta ne a s ati va E3 a + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 QR Ca sta ne a s ati va E2 a + . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 0 0 4 9 QR Ca sta ne a s ati va E1 . . . . . . . r . . . . . 1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 3 13 1 5 4 9 FS Al liu m ur sin um E1 3 5 3 3 4 1 1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + 3 . . 1 . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 35 5 25 15 33 QR Pt er idi um aq uil inu m E1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . 9 39 3 15 12 26 AF Ar em on io- Fa gio n Cy cla me n p ur pu ra sc en s E1 + + + . + . + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . + . + + . . 18 78 4 20 23 50 Da ph ne la ur eo la E2 a . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2 10 3 7 La mi um or va la E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Ru sc us hy po glo ss um E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 An em on e x pi tto nii E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 EC Er yth ro nio -C ar pin ion Lo nic er a c ap rifo liu m E2 a 1 + + . . . + 1 + + + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + + 1 1 + 1 1 2 1 2 . + + 1 1 2 + 1 1 + + . 1 . 1 . 20 87 18 90 39 85 Pr im ula vu lga ris E1 . + + + + 1 + + + + + + . . . + + . + . + . + 2 + 1 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + + + 2 1 1 + + . . 1 1 + 16 70 18 90 37 80 Ga lan thu s n iva lis E1 . 1 1 1 + 1 + . . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 2 1 3 + . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 8 35 5 25 16 35 Er yth ro niu m de ns -ca nis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 2 + . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3 15 4 9 TA Til io- Ac er ion Ar um m ac ula tum E1 . + . + 1 + + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 + + . . . . . . . . . + 7 30 7 35 15 33 At hy riu m fili x-f em ina E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 0 0 6 13 Ac er ps eu do pla tan us E3 b . . . . . . . r . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 1 5 3 7 Ac er ps eu do pla tan us E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2 10 3 7 Ac er ps eu do pla tan us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2 10 3 7 Ge ra niu m ro be rtia nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ar un cu s d ioi cu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Ju gla ns re gia E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 Po lys tic hu m ac ule atu m E1 . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Se ne cio ne mo re ns is E1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ul mu s g lab ra E3 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ul mu s g lab ra E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Dr yo pte ris af fin is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Til ia pla typ hy llo s E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Til ia pla typ hy llo s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 AI Al nio n i nc an ae Po pu lus ni gr a E3 b . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . 1 4 1 5 3 7 Po pu lus ni gr a E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Vi bu rn um op ulu s E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 0 0 3 7 Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 9 Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total Ru bu s c ae siu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . 0 0 1 5 2 4 Al liu m vin ea le E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . 0 0 2 10 2 4 Eq uis etu m ar ve ns e E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . 0 0 1 5 2 4 Fr an gu la aln us E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Fr ax inu s a ng us tifo lia E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Pe tas ite s h yb rid us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 0 0 0 0 1 2 FS Fa ge tal ia sy lva tic ae Ca re x s ylv ati ca E1 + 1 + + + . . + 1 1 1 1 + + + + + 1 + . + + + . + 1 1 + + 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 . . . + . . . 1 1 1 20 87 13 65 36 78 Ga leo bd olo n m on tan um E1 1 1 + + 1 + . 1 1 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + . + . + 2 1 1 . . . 1 . . 1 2 2 + 2 2 . . . . . . . + 1 + 20 87 8 40 31 67 Eu ph or bia am yg da loi de s E1 + + + . . + + 1 + . + 1 + . . + + + + . . + + + + 1 . . . + + + . + . + + . . r . . . 1 + 1 16 70 10 50 29 63 Sy mp hy tum tu be ro su m E1 . . . . + + + + + + + . + . . + + . + . + + + + + 1 . + r + + + . . . + . . . + + . + 1 + . 14 61 12 60 28 61 Vi ola re ich en ba ch ian a E1 + + . + + + . + + + + 1 . . . + + . . . . + + + + + 1 + . + + + . + + + . . + . . + + . . . 14 61 14 70 28 61 Lil ium m ar tag on E1 + + 1 + . + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . r 1 1 1 + . 1 . . . + + . + r . . . . . . . . 13 57 10 50 23 50 Po lyg on atu m mu ltifl or um E1 . + + + . . 1 r . . + 1 + . . 1 + + + . + + + . + 1 1 + + + . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 15 65 7 35 22 48 Eu ph or bia du lci s E1 + + + . + + + . . . + . . + . . . . + . . + + + + . . + + + . . . . + . + + . + + . . . . . 11 48 10 50 21 46 Pu lm on ar ia offi cin ali s E1 . + + + + + + + + . + + . . . + . . + . . . + + . + . . . . 1 . . . + + + . . . . . . + . . 13 57 6 30 20 43 Pr un us av ium E3 b . + r . . . . . . + . . . . . + . + + + + . . . + . . . . + . . . + . . + . + . . . . . . . 8 35 5 25 13 28 Pr un us av ium E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . 5 22 2 10 7 15 Pr un us av ium E1 . + + . + + + . . + + + . + . . . + . 1 + . + . . . . + . . . . . . + . . + + + + + . . . . 13 57 7 35 20 43 Ca mp an ula tr ac he liu m E1 . . . + . . + . . + . . . . . + + . . . . . . + . + + . . . + . . + + . + 1 . . . . . + . . 5 22 8 40 14 30 Me rcu ria lis pe re nn is E1 . . . + . . + . . 2 . . + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 2 . . 1 . . . . . . + 3 3 2 5 22 6 30 14 30 La thy ru s v er nu s E1 . . + . . . . . . + . + . + . + + . + . . . . . . . . + + . + + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 6 30 13 28 Sa lvi a g lut ino sa E1 . . . + . . + . + . . + . + . + . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . + . . . 1 . . . + . . 1 1 . 6 26 5 25 13 28 Dr yo pte ris fil ix- ma s E1 + + + + . . + . . . . . + . . + + + 1 + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 57 0 0 13 28 Br ac hy po diu m sy lva tic um E1 . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . + + . . . + . + 1 1 + 3 13 6 30 12 26 Ca re x p ilo sa E1 . . . 1 + 1 1 2 . . 1 . . . . 2 + . + . + . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 48 0 0 11 24 Ga liu m lae vig atu m E1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . + . . . . . + + . r + . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 4 17 6 30 11 24 He ra cle um sp ho nd yli um E1 + . . . . . + r . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . + . + + . . . . . + . + 5 22 4 20 11 24 Sa nic ula eu ro pa ea E1 . + + . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . 4 17 2 10 7 15 Ne ott ia nid us -a vis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 9 2 10 4 9 My ce lis m ur ali s E1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 1 5 3 7 Sc ro ph ula ria no do sa E1 . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 0 0 3 7 Se ne cio ov atu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4 0 0 2 4 Me lic a n uta ns E1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ca rd am ine bu lbi fer a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Sa mb uc us ni gr a E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 QP Qu er ce tal ia pu be sc en ti- pe tra ea e ( inc . Q ue rc ete a i lic is) Co rn us m as E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 Co rn us m as E2 b . . + . . . . + 1 + + + + + . . . . . . . . . 1 + + + . . + + + + + + . 1 . . . . . 1 1 . . 8 35 12 60 21 46 Co rn us m as E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 10 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total Qu er cu s c er ris E3 b . + . . . + . + + . r . . . . + + . + r + + + . . . + . . . + . . + . 3 . . . 1 2 2 2 . . . 12 52 8 40 20 43 Qu er cu s c er ris E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Qu er cu s c er ris E1 . + . . . + . . + + + + . . . + + . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . 1 . . . 10 43 4 20 14 30 Os try a c ar pin ifo lia E3 b . . . + . . . + + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + r . . . . . . 1 . 1 + 1 1 2 + . . + . 2 + . 4 17 10 50 16 35 Os try a c ar pin ifo lia E3 a . . . . . . . + . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 2 10 5 11 Os try a c ar pin ifo lia E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 QI As pa ra gu s a cu tifo liu s E2 a . . . . . . . + + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . + + + 1 + + . . + + . . . . . . . + . 3 13 9 45 13 28 Me litt is me lis so ph yll um E1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . + r . . + . r . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 5 22 4 20 9 20 Ta na ce tum co rym bo su m E1 . . . . . . + . . . + . . + . . + . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . 4 17 5 25 9 20 La thy ru s n ige r E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . . 1 4 4 20 5 11 So rb us do me sti ca E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + r . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 2 10 4 9 So rb us do me sti ca E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Bu glo ss oid es pu rp ur oc ae ru lea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . 0 0 3 15 3 7 Or ch is pu rp ur ea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2 10 3 7 Ca re x fl ac ca E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 Or ch is ma sc ula su bs p. sp ec ios a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Co nv all ar ia ma jal is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 QI La ur us no bil is E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Co tin us co gg yg ria E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 QI Ru bia pe re gr ina E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Qu er cu s p ub es ce ns E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Pu lm on ar ia au str ali s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 QR Qu er ce tal ia ro bo ris Ru bu s h irtu s E2 a . . . . . . . + . . . . + + . + 1 + . . + 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . 9 39 2 10 11 24 Hi er ac ium ra ce mo su m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + 2 . . . . . 4 17 3 15 7 15 Se rra tul a t inc tor ia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . 0 0 3 15 3 7 Po pu lus tr em ula E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Lu zu la for ste ri E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Po pu lus tr em ula E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ve ro nic a o ffic ina lis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 QF Qu er co -F ag ete a Ca re x d igi tat a E1 + + + + + + + 1 + + . + + . + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 1 + + + 1 . + + + . 1 + . + + + + 1 + + 21 91 17 85 41 89 He de ra he lix E3 a . 1 + . + + + 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 + 1 . . 1 . . . . . + . 13 57 14 70 28 61 He de ra he lix E1 + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + . . . . . . + . 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 . . 1 + 1 1 1 16 70 18 90 37 80 Ac er ca mp es tre E3 b 1 + + . . . . + + + + + + + + + + . . . + + + + + 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 . . . . + . 2 . 16 70 13 65 30 65 Ac er ca mp es tre E3 a + . + . . + + . . 1 + + . . + . 1 . . . . + + + 1 + + . . + . + + . + . + . . + . . + . . . 11 48 11 55 22 48 Ac er ca mp es tre E2 b + . + + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + 1 + . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . + . 6 26 5 25 12 26 Ac er ca mp es tre E2 a . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + . + . . . . . . . + + . . . + . . . 2 9 7 35 9 20 Ac er ca mp es tre E1 . + 1 + + . + + + + + + . + . 1 + . . . . . . + + + 1 . + + . + + + . + + 1 1 + + + + + + + 13 57 17 85 33 72 An em on e n em or os a E1 + + . . + 1 1 . . . 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 + 1 2 1 . 2 2 1 3 1 3 . . . . . . . 1 + + . . + . . . 15 65 10 50 25 54 Co ryl us av ell an a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + 0 0 1 5 3 7 Co ryl us av ell an a E2 b + . . . . . + + + . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + 1 1 + 1 1 1 2 + + . . 1 . + . . + . . 1 1 1 6 26 13 65 22 48 Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 11 Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total Co ryl us av ell an a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . 1 . 1 4 4 20 6 13 Qu er cu s p etr ae a E3 b . . . . . . . r . . . + + + . . . . . r . . . 3 3 . 3 4 5 1 . . r . . 2 . . . . . 1 + . . . 5 22 10 50 15 33 Qu er cu s p etr ae a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Qu er cu s p etr ae a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Qu er cu s p etr ae a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . . . + . . 1 + + 1 + 3 + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . 4 17 9 45 13 28 Ca re x m on tan a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . + + + + . . . . . . . + + + + 1 1 . 1 . 1 4 11 55 13 28 Me lic a u nifl or a E1 . + 1 + + . + + . + . . . . + 1 + . . . . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 12 52 0 0 13 28 Cl em ati s v ita lba E3 a . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 2 9 4 20 9 20 Cl em ati s v ita lba E2 + . . + . . + r . . . + . . + . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . + + . . 7 30 4 20 12 26 Ae go po diu m po da gr ar ia E1 . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + . . . . . 1 . . . . . + + 1 . 2 9 5 25 9 20 Vi ola riv ini an a E1 . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . + . . . . . . 5 22 3 15 8 17 Ro sa ar ve ns is E2 a . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . 5 22 2 10 7 15 Ile x a qu ifo liu m E3 a . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 0 0 3 7 Ile x a qu ifo liu m E2 b . . . . . . . . . + . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 1 5 4 9 Ile x a qu ifo liu m E2 a 1 . . . . . . . . + . . + + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 22 1 5 6 13 Ce ph ala nth er a l on gif oli a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . r . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . + . + . . . . 2 9 4 20 6 13 Fe stu ca he ter op hy lla E1 . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . + . + + . . . 1 4 5 25 6 13 Ul mu s m ino r E3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 2 10 2 4 Ul mu s m ino r E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 0 0 1 5 2 4 Ul mu s m ino r E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . + . . . . + . . . . + . . 0 0 4 20 5 11 Ul mu s m ino r E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 0 0 1 5 2 4 Lis ter a o va ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . r . . . . . + . . . . . + . . 0 0 3 15 4 9 Ma lus sy lve str is E3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + r . . . . . . . + . . 1 . . . . 0 0 4 20 4 9 Pl ata nth er a c hlo ra nth a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . r . . r . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3 15 4 9 Fic ar ia ve rn a E1 . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . 1 4 1 5 3 7 Ce ra sti um sy lva tic um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Mo eh rin gia tr ine rvi a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Py ru s p yra ste r E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 0 0 2 10 2 4 Pl ata nth er a b ifo lia E1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 La thr ae a s qu am ar ia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 St ell ar ia ho los tea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Py ru s p yra ste r E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 VP Va cc ini o- Pi ce ete a Ca lam ag ro sti s a ru nd ina ce a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 6 26 1 5 7 15 Ge nti an a a sc lep iad ea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 0 0 3 7 So lid ag o v irg au re a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . 0 0 3 15 3 7 Hi er ac ium m ur or um E1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 Lu zu la luz ulo ide s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Or thi lia se cu nd a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ox ali s a ce tos ell a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Pi ce a a bie s E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 12 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total RP Rh am no -P ru ne tea Lig us tru m vu lga re E2 a + + + + + + . + + . . + . . . + . . . . . + + + + + 2 + . 1 . + . + 1 1 1 . + + + + 1 + 1 1 12 52 16 80 31 67 Ru bu s u lm ifo liu s E2 a . . . . . + . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + 1 . . + + . . . . . + . 3 13 6 30 10 22 Co rn us sa ng uin ea E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 + . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . + 1 4 5 25 7 15 Co rn us sa ng uin ea E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1 . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . 0 0 6 30 6 13 Eu on ym us eu ro pa ea E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4 4 20 5 11 Fic us ca ric a E2 b . . . r . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Pr un us sp ino sa E2 . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 Ju nip er us co mm un is E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Rh am nu s c ath ar tic us E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 0 0 0 0 1 2 TG Tr ifo lio -G er an iet ea Vi ola hi rta E1 . + + + . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + r . + . 5 22 5 25 11 24 Vi nc eto xic um hi ru nd ina ria E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . + . + + . . . 1 4 6 30 7 15 Fr ag ar ia mo sc ha ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 0 0 3 7 Ca mp an ula ra pu nc ulo ide s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 2 10 2 4 Cl ino po diu m vu lga re E1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Vi ola od or ata E1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 EA Ep ilo bie tea an gu sti fo lii St ac hy s s ylv ati ca E1 + . . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 3 13 1 5 5 11 Fr ag ar ia ve sc a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . 0 0 4 20 4 9 Ge um ur ba nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 Er ige ro n a nn uu s E1 . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Hy pe ric um hi rsu tum E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 To rili s j ap on ica E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 La mi um m ac ula tum E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Eu pa tor ium ca nn ab inu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Ar cti um ne mo ro su m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 FB Fe stu co -B ro me tea Ch am ae cy tis us hi rsu tus E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Br ac hy po diu m ru pe str e E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 MA Mo lin io- Ar rh en ath er ete a Aj ug a r ep tan s E1 . + + + + 1 1 . . . + 1 . + + + + + + + . . . + + + 1 . . + + + + + + + + + 1 . . + + + + . 15 65 16 80 33 72 Ve ro nic a c ha ma ed rys E1 + r + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 4 17 2 10 6 13 Pr un ell a v ulg ar is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Ra nu nc ulu s r ep en s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 AT As ple nie tea tr ich om an is Po lyp od ium vu lga re E1 . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 1 5 4 9 As ple niu m tric ho ma ne s E1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 5 2 4 ML Mo ss es (M ah ov i) Fis sid en s t ax ifo liu s E0 + + + + + + . + . . 1 . + + . . . . + + + + + + + . + 1 1 . . . 1 . + 1 . + + . . . + . . . 15 65 11 55 26 57 Iso the ciu m alo pe cu ro ide s E0 + + . + + + . + . + . + + + 1 + . + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . + . . . . . 16 70 3 15 19 41 Pl ag iom niu m un du lat um E0 . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . + . + + + . . . + . . 1 + . . + . . . . . . . . 5 22 7 35 12 26 Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 13 Nu mb er of re lev é (Z ap or ed na št ev ilk a p op isa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Pr.1-23 Fr.1-23 Pr.24-43 Fr.24-43 Pr. Total Fr.Total An om od on at ten ua tus E0 . . . + 1 + . . 1 + . . + . + . . . . . . + . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 35 2 10 10 22 Br ac hy the ciu m ve lut inu m E0 + . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . + . . . + . . . + + . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 4 20 10 22 Ct en idi um m oll us cu m E0 . + + . 1 + + . 1 + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 9 39 1 5 10 22 At ric hu m un du lat um E0 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + + . + . . + . . + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 5 22 4 20 9 20 Eu rh yn ch ium st ria tum E0 + . + . . . . + . 1 . 1 . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 3 15 9 20 An om od on vi tic ulo su s E0 . . + + . . . . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 3 15 7 15 Th am no br yu m alo pe cu ru m E0 . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 . 1 . . + . . . . . . . . + . 2 9 4 20 7 15 Br ac hy the ciu m ru tab ulu m E0 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 2 10 5 11 Hy pn um cu pr es sif or me E0 . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 22 0 0 5 11 Ne ck er a c om pla na ta E0 . . . . . . . + . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 1 5 4 9 Pl ag iot he ciu m de nti cu lat um E0 + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 0 0 4 9 Iso the ciu m my os ur oid es E0 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 0 0 3 7 Pl ag ioc hil a p or ell oid es E0 . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Ne ck er a c ris pa E0 . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Fis sid en s d ub ius E0 . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Sc his tid ium ap oc ar pu m E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0 0 2 4 Th uid ium ta ma ris cin um E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 0 0 2 10 2 4 Ho ma lot he ciu m ph ilip pe an um E0 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Ho ma lot he ciu m lut es ce ns E0 . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Me tzg er ia fur ca ta E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Hy pn um cu pr es sif or me va r. fili for me E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Mn ium af fin e E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Po lyt ric hu m for mo su m E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Po re lla pl aty ph yll a E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 0 1 2 Di cra nu m sc op ar ium E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Mn ium sp . E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 1 2 Le ge nd - Le ge nd a 1- 23 O rn ith og al o- Fa ge tu m v ar . g eo gr . H el le bo ru s i st ri ac us 24 -4 3 Or ni th og al o- Ca rp in et um v ar . g eo gr . H el le bo us is tr ia cu s 44 R ob in ia p se ud oa ca ci a- Fa gu s s yl va tic a da gr ad at io n st ag e 45 -4 6 Ca ri ci p en du la e- Cr at ae ge tu m m on og yn ae n om . p ro v. F F ly sc h - f liš L M ar l - la po ro ve c A Li m es to ne - ap ne ne c Al A llu vi um - re čn i n an os i, pr od E Eu tr ic b ro w n so il - E vt ri čn a rj av a tla Pr . P re se nc e (n um be r o f r el ev és in w hi ch th e sp ec ie s i s p re se nt ed ) - št ev ilo p op is ov , v k at er ih se p oj av lja v rs ta Fr . F re qu en cy in % - fr ek ve nc a v % QI Q ue rc et ea il ic is 14 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... Table 2: Synoptyc Table: Ornithogalo-Fagetum, Ornithogalo- Carpinetum, Seslerio-Fagetum, Slovenian Istria, Goriška Brda, Vipava Valley Preglednica 2: Sintezna tabela sintaksonov: Ornithogalo- Fagetum, Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, Seslerio-Fagetum, Sloven- ska Istra, Goriška Brda, Vipavska dolina Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksnov) Or F- I Or C- I SF -I Or F- Gb Or F- Vd AF Aremonio-Fagion Cyclamen purpurascens E1 78 20 40 73 20 Ruscus hypoglossum E2a 9 . . . . Daphne laureola E2a 4 10 . . . Lamium orvala E1 . 5 . 33 80 Anemone x pittonii E1 . 5 . 13 10 Anemone trifolia E1 . . . 93 50 Euphorbia carniolica E1 . . . 67 20 Hacquetia epipactis E1 . . . 33 60 Epimedium alpinum E1 . . . . 10 Cardamine enneaphyllos E1 . . . . 10 Cardamine trifolia E1 . . . . 20 EC Erythronio-Carpinion Lonicera caprifolium E2a 87 90 100 67 50 Primula vulgaris E1 70 90 60 93 70 Galanthus nivalis E1 35 25 . 7 . Ornithogalum pyrenaicum E1 4 40 . 13 30 Crocus vernus subsp. vernus E1 4 20 . 93 70 Erythronium dens-canis E1 4 15 . 40 50 Knautia drymeia subsp. tergestina E1 . 15 7 . . Helleborus odorus E1 . . . 27 30 TA Tilio-Acerion Arum maculatum E1 30 35 . . 20 Athyrium filix-femina E1 26 . . 67 50 Acer pseudoplatanus E3 9 5 13 47 50 Acer pseudoplatanus E2 4 10 27 93 50 Acer pseudoplatanus E1 4 10 53 73 70 Polystichum aculeatum E1 9 . . 13 10 Geranium robertianum E1 4 . . . . Juglans regia E2a 4 5 . . 30 Ulmus glabra E3 4 . 7 7 20 Ulmus glabra E2 4 . 13 40 30 Dryopteris affinis E1 4 . . 27 40 Senecio nemorensis E1 4 . . 7 20 Aruncus dioicus E1 . 5 . 40 10 Tilia platyphyllos E2 . 5 . . . Tilia platyphyllos E1 . 5 . . . Acer platanoides E1 . . . . 10 AI Alnion incanae Arum italicum E1 30 25 . . . Viburnum opulus E2 13 . 20 20 20 Populus nigra E3b 4 5 . . . Populus nigra E2 . 5 . . . Carex pendula E1 . 10 . . 10 Allium vineale E1 . 10 . . . Rubus caesius E1 . 5 . . . Frangula alnus E2 . 5 . . 10 Fraxinus angustifolia E2 . 5 . . . Equisetum arvense E1 . 5 . . . Alnus glutinosa E3 . . . 7 40 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Fagus sylvatica E3 100 25 100 100 100 Fagus sylvatica E2b 74 25 93 100 100 Fagus sylvatica E1 74 15 60 67 70 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Carex sylvatica E1 87 65 27 53 30 Galeobdolon montanum E1 87 40 33 . 30 Euphorbia amygdaloides E1 70 50 80 . . Polygonatum multiflorum E1 65 35 60 93 60 Symphytum tuberosum E1 61 60 53 87 70 Viola reichenbachiana E1 61 70 33 60 40 Lilium martagon E1 57 50 47 80 40 Pulmonaria officinalis E1 57 30 20 47 50 Prunus avium E3 35 25 7 40 30 Prunus avium E2 22 10 13 73 10 Prunus avium E1 57 35 40 53 20 Dryopteris filix-mas E1 57 . 27 47 50 Carpinus betulus E3 52 100 13 27 80 Carpinus betulus E2a 4 35 . 6 50 Carpinus betulus E1 17 50 . 6 20 Euphorbia dulcis E1 48 50 67 53 80 Carex pilosa E1 48 0 40 20 20 Allium ursinum E1 35 25 . . 30 Lathyrus vernus E1 30 30 . 47 20 Salvia glutinosa E1 26 25 27 53 60 Campanula trachelium E1 22 40 20 13 10 Mercurialis perennis E1 22 30 13 67 50 Heracleum sphondylium E1 22 20 13 13 10 Galium laevigatum E1 17 30 60 60 50 Sanicula europaea E1 17 10 . . 20 Brachypodium sylvaticum E1 13 30 . 27 20 Scrophularia nodosa E1 13 . . . . Neottia nidus-avis E1 9 10 13 . . Mycelis muralis E1 9 5 . . 10 Senecio ovatus E1 4 . . 47 10 Melica nutans E1 4 . . 40 . Cardamine bulbifera E1 . 5 . . 30 Sambucus nigra E2 . 5 . 13 20 Cephalanthera damasonium E1 . . 27 . . Galeobdolon flavidum E1 . . . 67 40 Daphne mezereum E1 . . . 67 . Prenanthes purpurea E1 . . . 53 20 Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum E1 . . . 40 50 Fraxinus excelsior E2 . . . 26 10 Tilia cordata E2 . . . 20 . Tilia cordata E3 . . . 13 10 Actaea spicata E1 . . . 7 10 Circaea lutetiana E1 . . . . 10 Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus E1 . . . . 10 Paris quadrifolia E1 . . . . 10 Ranunculus lanuginosus E1 . . . . 10 QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae (inc. Quercetea ilicis) QI Ruscus aculeatus E2a 100 100 93 100 70 Sesleria autumnalis E1 87 95 100 100 60 Tamus communis E1 78 80 93 100 20 Helleborus odorus subsp. istriacus E1 61 50 27 . . Lathyrus venetus E1 48 35 27 . 10 Fraxinus ornus E3 52 65 93 93 50 Fraxinus ornus E2 57 85 80 66 50 Fraxinus ornus E1 57 70 20 40 50 Quercus cerris E3 52 40 60 13 . Quercus cerris E2 . 5 . . . Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 15 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Quercus cerris E1 43 20 33 7 . Cornus mas E2 35 65 33 53 30 Sorbus torminalis E3 30 45 100 33 10 Sorbus torminalis E2 22 30 87 27 10 Sorbus torminalis E1 9 20 7 . 10 Ostrya carpinifolia E3 26 55 20 46 20 Ostrya carpinifolia E2 . 5 . . 10 Melittis melissophyllum E1 22 20 100 40 10 Tanacetum corymbosum E1 17 25 53 46 10 QI Asparagus acutifolius E2a 13 45 20 . . Sorbus domestica E3 9 10 60 7 . Carpinus orientalis E3 4 30 . . . Carpinus orientalis E2 . 20 . . . Lathyrus niger E1 4 20 53 7 . Orchis purpurea E1 4 10 . . . Carex flacca E1 4 5 . . . Buglossoides purpurocaerulea E1 . 15 . . 10 Asparagus tenuifolius E1 . 10 7 13 20 QI Laurus nobilis E2 . 5 . . . QI Rubia peregrina E1 . 5 . . . Convallaria majalis E1 . 5 . . 10 Cotinus coggygria E2 . 5 . . . Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa E1 . 5 . . . Pulmonaria australis E1 . 5 . . . Quercus pubescens E3 . . 20 40 . Quercus pubescens E1 . 5 7 20 . Sorbus aria E2 . . . 13 . Aristolochia lutea E1 . . . 7 30 Acer obtusatuzm E1 . . . . 10 QR Quercetalia roboris Castanea sativa E3 39 30 87 100 50 Castanea sativa E2 17 . 87 87 10 Castanea sativa E1 13 5 33 33 20 Pteridium aquilinum E1 39 15 33 80 20 Rubus hirtus E2a 39 10 47 60 10 Hieracium racemosum E1 17 15 80 13 30 Populus tremula E3b 9 . . . . Luzula forsteri E1 4 . . . . Populus tremula E1 4 . . . . Veronica officinalis E1 4 . . . . Serratula tinctoria E1 . 15 50 . 20 Hieracium sabaudum E1 . . 20 . . Betonica officinalis E1 . . . 7 10 Quercus robur E2 . . . 7 . QF Querco-Fagetea Carex digitata E1 91 85 87 100 90 Acer campestre E3 78 75 46 40 30 Acer campestre E2 30 45 13 27 20 Acer campestre E1 57 85 20 7 20 Crataegus laevigata E2 70 80 93 87 60 Hedera helix E3a 57 70 40 47 80 Hedera helix E1 70 90 30 80 90 Anemone nemorosa E1 65 50 73 93 100 Melica uniflora E1 52 0 27 7 10 Clematis vitalba E3a 9 20 . . . Clematis vitalba E2 30 20 47 53 40 Corylus avellana E3a . 5 . . . Corylus avellana E2 26 70 . 40 90 Quercus petraea E3 22 50 47 . 70 Quercus petraea E2 . 5 . . 10 Quercus petraea E1 17 45 13 . 50 Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Viola riviniana E1 22 15 . 7 20 Rosa arvensis E2a 22 10 . . 10 Ilex aquifolium E3a 13 . 20 . 10 Ilex aquifolium E2 22 5 60 7 20 Aegopodium podagraria E1 9 25 . 20 30 Cephalanthera longifolia E1 9 20 13 . . Festuca heterophylla E1 4 25 20 . 10 Cerastium sylvaticum E1 9 . . . . Moehringia trinervia E1 9 . . . . Carex montana E1 4 55 . . . Platanthera chlorantha E1 4 15 47 . . Pyrus pyraster E3b . 10 13 . . Pyrus pyraster E1 4 . 7 . 10 Ranunculus ficaria (Ficaria verna) E1 4 5 . . 10 Lathraea squamaria E1 4 . . . . Platanthera bifolia E1 4 . . . . Stellaria holostea E1 4 . . . . Scilla bifolia E1 . 35 . 33 20 Ulmus minor E3 . 10 7 . 10 Ulmus minor E2 . 20 7 . 10 Ulmus minor E1 . 5 . . . Malus sylvestris E3 . 20 . . . Listera ovata E1 . 15 . 13 . Pulmonaria stiriaca E1 . . . 27 . Veratrum nigrum E1 . . . 13 . Vinca minor E1 . . . 7 40 Hepetica nobilis E1 . . . 7 20 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Calamagrostis arundinacea E1 26 5 33 73 . Gentiana asclepiadea E1 13 . 27 20 . Luzula luzuloides E1 9 . 27 7 30 Hieracium murorum E1 4 5 47 7 10 Orthilia secunda E1 4 . . . . Oxalis acetosella E1 4 . . 13 20 Solidago virgaurea E1 . 15 40 27 10 Picea abies E2 . 5 . . . Aposeris foetida E1 . . . 29 60 Veronica urticifolia E1 . . . 27 10 Abies alba E3 . . . 7 10 Maianthemum bifolium E1 . . . . 30 Luzula pilosa E1 . . . . 30 Larix decidua E3 . . . . 10 Pinus sylvestris E3 . . . . 10 Dryopteris dilatata E1 . . . . 10 RP Rhamno-Prunetea Ligustrum vulgare E2a 52 80 27 7 20 Crataegus monogyna E3 4 20 . . . Crataegus monogyna E2 48 50 47 53 50 Rubus ulmifolius E2a 13 30 . . 50 Ficus carica E2b 9 . . . . Cornus sanguinea E2b 4 25 . . . Cornus sanguinea E2a . 30 27 . 10 Euonymus europaea E2 4 20 . . 50 Prunus spinosa E2 4 5 . . . Juniperus communis E2 . 5 40 . . Rosa arvensis E2 . . 40 13 10 Viburnim lantana E2 . . . 7 . TG Trifolio-Geranietea Viola hirta E1 22 25 . . . Fragaria moschata E1 13 . . . . Vincetoxicum hirundinaria E1 4 30 33 7 . 16 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... species Isopyrum thalictroides, Acer obtusatum, Carex pilosa, Melica uniflora and Salix caprea are differenti- al for the stands of the association Anemono nemoro- sae-Carpinetum betuli. There is evidently difference in ecology, while stands from the Slovenian part of Istria thrive on drier sites than stands near Pazin. In terms of species composition the studied stands therefore resemble the stands of the association Ornithogalo- Carpinetum more than the stands of the association Anemono nemorosae-Carpinetum, so we find the clas- sification into the first association more appropriate. Its character and differential species Ruscus aculeatus, Sesleria autumnalis, Crataegus laevigata, Ornithogalum pyrenaicum are relatively frequent and we added also the species Scilla bifolia, Arum italicum and Carpinus orientalis to the differential combination. The latter two in particular have not yet been reported for the stands of other forms of the association Ornithogalo- Carpinetum. The studied stands are classified into the new subassociation -seslerietosum autumnalis subass. nova. Its nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 33 in Table 1. Its differential species are Sesleria autumnalis, Tamus communis, Lathyrus venetus and Carpinus orien- talis. The new subassociation characterises common hornbeam sites in the warm and relatively dry clima- te, that differs from the climate in which the stands of other forms of this association occur. Their stands can be subdivided into three variants: var. Quercus petra- ea, on more acidophilous sites, with often dominant sessile oak in the tree layer, differential species is also Galium laevigatum, var. Arum maculatum, on more me- sophilous sites (differential species is also Allium ur- Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Viola odorata E1 4 . . 20 . Clinopodium vulgare E1 4 . . . . Campanula rapunculoides E1 . 10 . . 10 EA Epilobietea angustifolii Stachys sylvatica E1 13 5 . . . Robinia pseudoacacia E3b 4 20 . 7 50 Robinia pseudoacacia E2 9 . . 13 40 Geum urbanum E1 4 5 . . . Erigeron annuus E1 4 . . . . Hypericum hirsutum E1 4 . . . . Torilis japonica E1 4 . . . . Fragaria vesca E1 . 20 . 7 . Eupatorium cannabinum E1 . 5 . 7 . Arctium nemorosum E1 . 5 . . . Lamium maculatum E1 . 5 . . . Calamintha sylvatica E1 . . . 7 10 Spiraea japonica E2 . . . . 40 Galeopsis pubescens E1 . . . . 10 Galeopsis speciosa E1 . . . . 10 FB Festuco-Brometea Chamaecytisus hirsutus E2b . 5 . . . Brachypodium rupestre E1 . 5 . . . MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Ajuga reptans E1 65 80 47 . 10 Veronica chamaedrys E1 17 10 47 . . Prunella vulgaris E1 . 5 . . . Ranunculus repens E1 . 5 . . . Colchicum autumnale E1 . . . 13 10 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Polypodium vulgare E1 13 5 27 27 20 Asplenium trichomanes E1 4 5 . 7 10 ML Mosses (Mahovi) Isothecium alopecuroides E0 70 15 27 40 30 Fissidens taxifolius E0 65 55 93 87 30 Ctenidium molluscum E0 39 5 20 13 10 Anomodon attenuatus E0 35 10 27 7 . Brachythecium velutinum E0 26 20 47 33 60 Eurhynchium striatum E0 26 15 40 13 10 Plagiomnium undulatum E0 22 35 13 . . Atrichum undulatum E0 22 20 27 27 40 Hypnum cupressiforme E0 22 . 80 20 . Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Anomodon viticulosus E0 17 15 . . . Plagiothecium denticulatum E0 17 . 47 80 10 Brachythecium rutabulum E0 13 10 13 . . Neckera complanata E0 13 5 13 27 . Isothecium myosuroides E0 13 . 67 40 . Thamnobryum alopecurum E0 9 20 . . 10 Fissidens dubius E0 9 . . . . Neckera crispa E0 9 . 13 7 20 Plagiochila porelloides E0 9 . . 13 10 Schistidium apocarpum E0 9 . . 20 10 Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme E0 4 . 33 7 . Polytrichum formosum E0 4 . . 13 50 Metzgeria furcata E0 4 . . 7 . Homalothecium lutescens E0 4 . . . . Homalothecium philippeanum E0 4 . . . . Mnium affine E0 4 . . . . Porella platyphylla E0 4 . . . . Thuidium tamariscinum E0 . 10 20 20 30 Dicranum scoparium E0 . 5 . . . Mnium sp. E0 . 5 . . . Dicranella heteromalla E0 . . 13 46 . Ulota crispa E0 . . 13 . . Peltigera canina E0 . . 13 . . Leucobryum glaucum E0 . . . 7 10 Tortella tortuosa E0 . . . 7 . Bartramia pomiformis E0 . . . 7 . Conocephalum conicum E0 . . . . 10 Legend - Legenda 1 Ornithogalo-Fagetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus fraxi- netosum orni, Istria, this article 2 Ornithogalo-Carpinetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus, Is- tria, this article 3 Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum var. geogr. Sorbus domestica, Istria (Dakskobler 1996a) 4 Ornithogalo-Carpinetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia fraxi- netosum orni, Goriška Brda (Dakskobler 1996b) 5 Ornithogalo-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia, Vipava Valley, Goriška Brda (Dakskobler, unpublished) Acta Silvae et Ligni 115 (2018), 1-19 17 sinum) and var. Prunus avium, as a more pioneer form (differential species are also Viola hirta and Vincetoxi- cum hirundinaria). In terms of phytogeography these stands are classi- fied into the geographical variant var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus var. geogr. nova (the nomenclature type is the same relevé as the nomenclature type of the new su- bassociation). This geographical variant was already discussed in a previous paper (Dakskobler, 2016), but was not typified at the time. 4 CONCLUSIONS 4 ZAKLJUČKI Mesophilous beech and common hornbeam forests are very rare in Slovenian Istria, where they mainly occupy small areas. The common hornbeam commu- nity is often only a stage of degradation on former be- ech sites. The current occurrence of beech stands and numerous species characteristic for its communities (such as Erythronium dens-canis, Cyclamen purpura- scens, Mecurialis perennis, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Lilium martagon, Allium ursinum, Salvia glutinosa, Pul- monaria officinalis, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum aculeatum and other), mainly in the catchment area of the Dragonja, partly also the Rižana and Malinska, in- directly indicates previously definitely more abundant presence of beech in this area, something that has been reported also by palynologists (Culiberg, 1995, Šercelj, 1996), dendrologists and geneticists (Brus, 2010). It is the responsibility of the forestry profession to preser- ve these stands through adequate management and to allow beech to regenerate and develop new generati- ons. Istrian forests with their diversity of tree speci- es (economically interesting are the minority species Sorbus domestica and S. torminalis) and the diversity of their sites, which is due to the vicinity of the Adri- atic Sea, pose a unique challenge that should be given much more attention both in terms of research as well as silviculture and forest management. Their role as biotopes is also significant, given that they serve as si- tes of several protected species (Anon., 2004): Ruscus aculeatus, R. hypoglossum, Cyclamen purpurascens, Galanthus nivalis, Erythronium dens-canis, Helleborus odorus subsp. istriacus, Lilium martagon, Neottia ni- dus-avis, Ilex aquifolioum, Orchis purpurea, O. mascula subsp. speciosa, Cephalanthera longifolia, Platanthera bifolia, P. chlorantha as well as several species that are rare either in Slovenia or Istria (Luzula forsteri, Orthilia secunda). 5 POVZETEK 5 SUMMARY Fitocenološka analiza kolinsko-submontanskih bukovih in belogabrovih sestojev v flišnem delu slo- venske Istre s hierarhično klasifikacijo je pokazala, da lahko razlikujemo dve asociaciji Ornithogalo-Fagetum in Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, pri čemer so sestoji druge asociacije pogosto le degradacijski stadij prve. Mezo- filni bukovi sestoji v Istri so v primerjavi s podobnimi gričevnimi in podgorskimi sestoji na flišni in mešani flišno-apnenčasti matični podlagi drugod v submedite- ranskem in predalpsko-submediteranskem delu Slove- nije vrstno revnejši. V njih so redka ali sploh ne uspevajo nekatere di- agnostične vrste zvez Erythronio-Carpinion in Aremo- nio-Fagion (Helleborus odorus subsp. odorus, Lamium orvala, Hacquetia epipactis,Euphorbia carniolica), prav Table 3: Phytosociological groups in the syntaxa Ornithoga- lo-Fagetum, Ornithogalo-Carpinetum and Seslerio-Fagetum; SW and W Slovenia Preglednica 3: Fitocenološke skupine v sintaksonih Orni- thogalo-Fagetum, Ornithogalo-Carpinetum, Seslerio-Fagetum, jugozahodna in zahodna Slovenija Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevé (Število popisov) 23 19 15 15 10 Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksnov) Or F- I Or C- I SF -I Or F- Gb Or F- Vd Aremonio-Fagion 2 0,9 0,8 5,5 5,4 Erythronio-Carpinion 4,5 6,4 3,5 6 5,8 Tilio-Acerion 2,4 1,7 2,3 7,3 7,9 Alnion incanae 1,1 1,6 0,4 0,5 1,5 Fagetalia sylvaticae 30 23 20 30 28 Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae (inc. Quercetea ilicis) 18 24 25 15 9,7 Quercetalia roboris 4,1 2 9,1 6,8 3,3 Querco-Fagetea 18 24 15 13 19 Vaccinio-Piceetea 1,3 0,7 3,6 3,7 4,6 Rhamno-Prunetea 3,1 5,8 3,8 1,4 3,7 Trifolio-Geranietea (inc. Festuco-Brometea) 1,1 1,6 0,7 0,5 0,2 Epilobietea angustifolii 1 1,4 0 0,7 3,1 Molinio-Arrhenatheretea 1,8 2,2 2 0,2 0,4 Asplenietea trichomanis 0,4 0,2 0,6 0,6 0,6 Mosses (Mahovi) 10 5,3 13 9,5 6,6 Total (Skupaj) 100 100 100 100 100 Legend - Legenda 1 Ornithogalo-Fagetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus fraxi- netosum orni, Istria, this article 2 Ornithogalo-Carpinetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus, Is- tria, this article 3 Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum var. geogr. Sorbus domestica, Istria (Dakskobler 1996a) 4 Ornithogalo-Carpinetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia fraxi- netosum orni, Goriška Brda (Dakskobler 1996b) 5 Ornithogalo-Fagetum var. geogr. Anemone trifolia, Vipava Valley, Goriška Brda (Dakskobler, unpublished) 18 Dakskobler I., Sadar Z.: Phytosociological description of mesophilous colline-submontane Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus ... tako nekatere vrste reda Fagetalia sylvaticae (Fraxinus excelsior, Daphne mezereum, Galeobdolon flavidum, Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum, Prenanthes pur- purea) in razredov Querco-Fagetea (Veratrum nigrum, Vinca minor, Hepatica nobilis) in Vaccinio-Piceetea (Aposeris foetida, Veronica urticifolia, Maianthemum bifolium, Luzula pilosa). V istrskih mezofilnih buko- vih sestojih so pogostejše nekatere diagnostične vrste reda Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae (Quercus cerris, Sorbus torminalis, Heleborus odorus subsp. istriacus). Floristične posebnosti, ki sta v drugih do zdaj opisanih oblikah te asociacije zelo redki, sta vrsti Arum italicum in Asparagus acutifolius. V preučenih sestojih še vedno uspeva večina diagnostičnih vrst asociacije Ornitho- galo pyrenaici-Fagetum, najredkejši med njimi sta vr- sti Ornithogalum pyrenaicum in Crocus vernus subsp. vernus. Uvrščamo jih v geografsko varianto Ornitho- galo pyrenaici-Fagetum var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus (Dakskobler, 2006), na rangu subasociacije pa v njeno suho obliko -fraxinetosum orni Dakskobler 1996. Vrste Carex sylvatica, Carex pilosa in Dryopteris filix-mas so dobre razlikovalnice istrske oblike asociacije Ornitho- galo-Fagetum nasproti floristično precej podobnim stičnim sestojem asociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Fage- tum. Uvrstitev teh sestojev v srednjeevropsko asociaci- jo Carici pilosae-Fagetum (omenjajo jo v hrvaškem delu Istre) ni ustrezna, saj v novejšem času sestoje te aso- ciacije obravnavajo v okviru asociacije Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum, katere sestoji pa prevladujejo v subpanonskem delu Hrvaške. Sestoje s prevladujočim belim gabrom smo na pod- lagi primerjave z vrstno sestavo podobnih sestojev belega gabra v dolinah Branice in Raše (subasociacija Ornithogalo-Carpinetum betuli lamietosum orvalae) in sestojev asociacije Anemono nemorosae-Carpinetum iz hrvaškega dela Istre (okolica Pazina) uvrstili v novo subasociacijo Ornithogalo-Carpinetum betuli seslerie- tosum autumnalis. Njene razlikovalnice so vrste Sesle- ria autumnalis, Tamus communis, Lathyrus venetus in Carpinus orientalis. Od sestojev asociacije Anemono- Carpinetum se razlikujejo po bistveno večji prisotno- sti naslednjih predvsem toploljubnih vrst Ornithoga- lum pyrenaicum, Fraxinus ornus, Cornus mas, Sesleria autumnalis, Tamus communis, Asparagus acutifolius, Lathyrus venetus, Carpinus orientalis, Castanea sativa, Quercus petraeae in Ajuga reptans, medtem ko so vrste Isopyrum thalictroides, Acer obtusatum, Carex pilosa, Melica uniflora in Salix caprea razlikovalne za beloga- brovo združbo iz hrvaškega dela Istre. Nova subasociacija označuje belogabrova rastišča v toplem in razmeroma suhem podnebju, drugačnem od podnebja, v katerem uspevajo sestoji drugih oblik te asociacije. Razlikujemo tri variante: na nekoliko bolj kislih tleh varianto z gradnom (var. Quercus petraea, razlikovalnica je tudi vrsta Galium laevigatum), bolj vlagoljubno obliko var. Arum maculatum (razlikovalni- ca je tudi vrsta Allium ursinum) in bolj pionirsko obli- ko, var. Prunus avium (razlikovalnici sta tudi vrsti Viola hirta in Vincetoxicum hirundinaria). V fitogeografskem smislu te sestoje uvrščamo v geografsko varianto var. geogr. Helleborus istriacus. Zdajšnje uspevanje bukovih sestojev in številnih za njene združbe značilnih vrst (na primer Erythronium dens-canis, Cyclamen purpurascens, Mecurialis peren- nis, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Lilium martagon, Alli- um ursinum, Salvia glutinosa, Pulmonaria officinalis, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum aculeatum in drugih) predvsem v povodju Dragonje, deloma tudi Rižane in Malinske, je posreden dokaz za nekoč zagotovo večjo razširjenost bukve v tem prostoru, ki jo nakazujejo spoznanja palinologov, dendrologov in genetikov. Na- loga gozdarske stroke je, da te sestoje s primernim go- spodarjenjem ohranja in omogoča bukvi pomlajevanje in razvoj novih generacij. Istrski gozdovi so po razno- likosti drevesnih vrst (med njimi sta tudi gospodarsko zanimiva skorš, Sorbus domestica in brek, S. tormina- lis) in tudi po raznolikosti rastišč zaradi neposredne bližine Jadranskega morja svojevrsten izziv, ki bi mu morali tako v raziskovalnem kot praktično gozdnogo- jitvenem delu posvetiti precej več pozornosti kot do- slej. Pomembna je tudi njihova biotopska vloga, saj so rastišča nekaterih zavarovanih vrst (Ruscus aculeatus, R. hypoglossum, Cyclamen purpurascens, Galanthus ni- valis, Erythronium dens-canis, Helleborus odorus subsp. istriacus, Lilium martagon, Neottia nidus-avis, Ilex aqui- folioum, Orchis purpurea, O. mascula subsp. speciosa, Cephalanthera longifolia, Platanthera bifolia, P. chlo- rantha) in nekaterih v Sloveniji ali v Istri redkih vrst (Luzula forsteri, Orthilia secunda). 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 ZAHVALA The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0236). 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