nE^ArorHHECKH etjo^ Ofb DPfcBEJTL H flOirLJIHHjn, IDIOB^HB'!,. Ha^aBa KHHHtapHEma „IL H E JI A“ — JIyfi EeseHtneKT, v?W; -'v>7 • ' 44341 y x MMBG(ETG H CBMEHCTBGTG. —-w\AAA/iruWix nE^AromHECKn etio^^ OTT) HpO(j). M. pAMBEPrEPl), dpbbejii. 0 flOntaHoat A. B E 3 E H III E K Td. ILUOB^IIBrb. Hs,zi;aBa KHHraapHimaTa „11 H E JI A“ — JIyfl Ee3eHinein> 1301 . 44341 JIpy)KecTBeHa neHaTHHua „cxrjrACHE“. 0%oo% Ha 611BETHH on MHorojBancaeMT, ynnTejri>, ceranieiTB ^pjrapL n rrpjiHTejiB <3^® o noc8ti>ui t a8a nacmosmifUsi cm Sv 3ita8b na ucfipcna npu3HawMUCcmt>: J/l. cBaMmpzep®, Ilpo^ecopt bi KapjiOBapi (IipBaTCKo). KaTO Saaropapa cappeano Ha 6 urnim a en ot~ airneHa yHemiKa (ort 1875—78 r. bh 3arpe6cKaTa rHMiraESMH), pHeiiiiiMa ;iK)6iLM r n npnaTeaa f-hh npo- (pecopa M . BctMfiepeepz 3a oco6eHaTa necTt, kohto mh npaBH ca pepnKapriaTa na HacToaipna HHTe- peceHa eTiopa, no e.iy i iafi Ha 25-ropinHHHa mh jmiTeacKH loCmaen, JKeaaa OTa Bce capppe, ih;oto n toh pa ponana ipacTaHBO roSnaea na, noa30TBop- HaTa en ynriTeacKa n onncaTeacKa pfeaTeaHoeia Ba OTenecTBOTO en, nanTO asa. ro ponaKaxa Ba> 6paT- enaTa cTpaHa — Baarapira. ^aHo toh SaaropopeHa aicra Ha aBHa npH3Ha- TeaHOOTB pa ce OTnaaipa HeMy MHoroKpamo apl^a ii3HBaeHna Ha nopoČHa HOKpeHa 6aaropapHOCTB h OTa CTpaHa na neroBHTli yneHHH,H! Ha6aiopeHHaTa, kohto MOJKaxa pa npaBa npfea neTBajpTBliKOBHOTO oh ynHTeaoTByBaHHe Ba Xap- BaTOKO h bk Baarapna, papoxa mh noBopa, pa HCKaaca TyKa-TaMli h h^koh coftcTBemi Ba3rae pn, Ta pa cnoMeHa H^KoaKO npHMtpn OTa cBoaTa ynHTeaoKa npaKTHKa; a apli3a TOBa HCKaMa eaMO pa nopKptna B r fepnocTBTa Ha TeopnaTa, 3am,HiH,a- BaHa OTa yaeHiia npotpecopa, no Banpoca Ha Ha- Ka3aHHaTa. IIpn iisn^jiiiaBaneTO Ha viiTTeiCKaTa ,z];.iit>jk- hoctb nojryHHXT> pa3HH ;p)Ka3aTejrcTBa 3a yneHH- necna npH3HaTejiHOCTfc,—3a hpothbohohojkhoto He HCKaMTb ^a cii o m ei i y b a m h ; — ho nacTOHipeTO flo- Ka3aTejicTB0, kocto ce OTHaca #0 n^pBHTfe to^hhh Ha yHHT 6 JiCTByBaHeT 0 mh e eduncmeem no cboh po.a.t, h Bene 3a TOBa 3acjiyiKBa ^;a 6&lRq OTČfejrfc- 3aHO bh hbhoctb. Ako 6 h ^a c^.ni;ecTByBaxa HaBpe^Tb ho^očhh OTHomeHHH Me>Kii,y yHHTe;iii h yneHHipi, ToraBa Bene OT^aBiia upliiue 3ary6n 3HaneHHeTO ch CT apaTa HaTHHCKa nocjiOBHpa: Quem dii odere, pasda- gogum fecere. A bcAkh yviHTe.iL> iipfcine ^a ce CHHTa ipaCTJIHBTj, ipOMTb nOJiyHH 3a CBOH TpyflH> BT> ynn- .iHipeTO nprnuamejitiocmb bt> JKHBOTa. H.iOBAKBi,, 31-ft 4eKCMi!jmrt 1900 r. A. B >a®!M5()B hotb Ha HeaoTO ch me ch H3KapBainB xa r 66a. ^TToBa 6F nBpBOTO HaKa3aime Ha nBpBHH neao- J \ bFkb. Otb ToraBa h a o ^Heet Hfoia HeaoBiKB, J; po^eHB otb Manica, koiito npii3B acHBOTa cii #a He e I jrcfeTHJIB HCHIOTO Ha H^KaKBO HaiCasaHIie XpHCTH- HHCKaTa B r fepa hh yHH, ne Focno^b HaKa3Ba rpFm- hhpiitF; a H3bFctho e osmo, ne ce HatcaBBaTB biihobhuhiitF bb ^B pacaBaTa, bb yHHanmeTO, bb oSipecTBOTo n bb ctMeiicTBO- to. 3a BoacneTO Haica3aHiie TyKB ne HOKaMB ^a roBopa: to e 6nao BcfeKora cupaBe/pniBO h me ch ociaHe TaicoBa, 3a- mOTO Iip0H3JIH3a OTB CAimeCTBO Haft-C11 p a R e v T,3H B 0 II HaH-MAI- spo; HHTO IIBKB HCKaMB fla TOBOpH 3a HaiCaSaiHieTO, KOeTO ^BpacaBaTa Haaara na bhhobhhijhtIj sa pa3HH Bio/pfefraim h npFcTxn.ieHiia, 3amoTO TOBa HaKasaHHe e ycTaHOBeao apfeB 3aK0HH, KOIITO H3KiIIO l IBaTB BC fjFCa Cy6eKTHBHa CaMOBOIHOCTB ,a;aace OTMBmeHiieTo. Hhh me roBopiiMB bb Ta3ii KHiiacKa 3a HaKa3aHHeT0, cb kocto po/piTe.iiiTii HaKa3BaTB /pfmaTa ch, yHHTeaiiTF —yaeHiin;HTii cii h b bsHHT aTeaHTfe — bbshiithhii- PhtF ch. ToBa HaKa3aHiie He e ycTaHOBeno otb nfeKauBii 3aa,B.i- JKHT6.THH npaBHia, HHTO IIBKB e IIOpMHpailO HpFsB HfjKaKBH 3aK0HH, Ta nopa/pi TOBa ne e BC^Kora e^HaicBo, hi-ito cb- o6pa3HO cb canoTo aFIicTBHe, icoeTO ii o m e »c h Ha HaKasamie. OcooeHO to Moace %a HecripaBe/piiiBO ToraBa, KoraTo ro Haaara oh3h, koiito e HenocpF^cTBeHo a,OKaaeHB otb a%h- CTBHeTO Ha BIIHOBHHH. Bb TaKBBB cajaaii iiaKaaaimeTO ce npFo6pBma necTo iiaith bb csiipihcko oTMBmeHrie, icoeTO cb CBOHTa THHcecTB ciliho noBpFiKAa eTiiaecicaTa n^ea Ha cupaBe^aHBocTBTa h HeMHaocTHBO napariaBa Maa/para ,a,yina Ha HaKa3aHHa. IIoHeHce HaKa3anneTo e tophhbb aiiKB a a MopaaniiTF a;yineBHii pami, to MH03HHa ^BaSoico HyBCTByeiim ne^aroan — 8 C25. pa3Miim,iiHBa,iH Bfa-pxy TOBa n c,Yi ;Ke.iafl.:iii, Moate 6h, #a CTaBa Bi.anirraniieTo n o6yneHiieTO na neaoBijKa no TaRBBB Hanin ib, ne ;ia irkua B r Bo6m,e HyHi,a,a otb naKa3aHiie 3a .H^paTa nun sa yneiiiiii,HT'lj. TaKOBa jKeaamie, oSane, me ocTaHe BciKora pium desiderium (tiaSoJKHO aceiaHne). r T,o KaTO ne- aoB r iKBTB e nejiOBiutB, toii Bce cb CBOiiT-fe yc r kTHTejiHii oprami me cxBama T03H peaieHB cbTtb, me pasMinraaBa 3a Hero n 3a ce6e en, me nyBCTByBa, me aieaae, me ce CTpejiH n paSorn, me CTpa,a,ae n mane, me CBrp r feinaBa, me ce pa3- Kaima ii me np^Haca — HaKa3aHiiHTa. HptiSB thh majuhot tth toii nocTenemio me ce BB3;uira no-BiieoKO n iioctobhho me ce yc r BBBpmeHCTByBa, cnoSpasHO ct> ^Mirri na noeTa: Per aspera ad astra *) t. e. npfc3B MAinHOTmiTi ,a;o SBis^HTi. He Moram /m ce HaKasBaTB cano asimecTBa HanBJiHo cBBBpnieHii; a neiOBtKBTB He e otb to3ii biiji,b c^mecTBa. Toii o6ane ce mj&hh, cnope/im HeaoBfcnecKHTk cii cm n, %a, CTaHe CBBBpmeHB. noierKa h nocTeneHHO toii ce ^oSamsaBa, nocpImB maujutT h CTpa^amiHTa, kbmb Ta3ii BB3BiimeHa n,Tab. Ho rpioBa ,a,a ce Kajne, ne ycnope,a,Ho cb Mopamna n HHTeJieKTyajieHB Hanpi^BKB Ha neiOBinecTBOTO na^aiB Ha- Ka3aHimTa n r rfexnaTa cTporocTB. Bb cTapo BpTjie 6amaTa e paoiio.iara;iB cb nuiBOTa Ha .i^para cii (jus vitae necisque), KaKTo ii rocno^apBTB cb ainBOTa na po6nrfe en. H .UBauaTa c&. ynpajKHflBaaii TOBa CBoe npaBo. Bamara cbbcTmb cbo- 6oaho e motb.ib .n, a iiaaoaai mkTeTO cn Ha cmbptb b i>pxy TanreTB; a rocno/iaptTB motbjib ,a,a y6iie po6a en, n hh- koh He ro CM'iiTaaB sa oTroBopeHB, hhkoh ne oiaaKBaaB uponajiHaiiOTo Hi Te hjiii vSirnra pooB. Cera Bene TOBa He e BB3M0HIH0 ; Aa*e bb SpeinHHrk BpliMena ce noB^nra bbiipocbtb: cnpaBesJiiiBO jiii e, ^a ce HRKa3Ba cb cmbptb npicRsnHHKBTB, kohto ciliho e HapyimuiB BojkiiiitT h,ih neiOB-feneciiii 3aKOHH? Koh He BiijK/m bb li^su ,a;Ba eTaria rojiiiMHJi Hanpi^BKB Ha nejiOB'iinecKHH po/i,B bb o6pa30BaHiieTo Ha yMa h Ha CBp/meTO? H TaKa me Same BctiKora, ^,0 KaTO caBHii,eTO rpfee Ha^B Hainara njiaHera h /m KaTO na nocaT^HaTa cann,ecTByBa ne- aoBTueciiiiHTB po^B. IIocTeneiiHO h iienptKaiCHaTo toh me ce noB/uira bb CTAUiajioro Ha KyjtTypii0T0 ycBBBpmeHCTByBaHe Bce nO-BIICOKO II TIO-BIICOKO, II KaKTO CS. IipiiCTaHaJIII nocTeneHHO *) IIpon3xoHtaeHneTo na mira-ra He e hmbIctuo. CeHeKa Ka3Ba nojodHo Non est ad astra mollis < t teres via. (He e yaodeHT> ii r.iaa^Kt n,v;Ta /jo ania.UHTi). 9 pa3.'nrJHHTt> nopomi na CTapHrfc h cp^ami B^KOBe, Taita iiooTeriGHHO me ce iibiHphtb pa3HiiTt> MopaJiHii paHii Ha Ha- innrfc epiMeHa. MHoro nojiara Ha TOBa n HaKa 3 aHiieTo, aKO to ce upii- aara Bciiiiora n naBchiu&at He cniaieniKaTa n cb CTpacTb, ho pas 6 paHO n papnoHajHO. 3a aa CTaHe noaoČHo H-hipo, Tpt^Ba np r fe;ai bciihko aa ce 3 HanTB Tpn rrfcipa: 1) KaKBO irfcmo e HaKaaaimeTO?—2) Koa e n,t,Jih r ra Ha HiiKii- aaHJie ro ? — 3) Kani, rpbOna ;i,a ce HanaaBa ? Tt>3H Tpn ochobhh BBupoca me 6 ;saaTB upt>;pMe - r'B Ha HacTOHipaTa KHiratKa. Ha irbpBHT-fe asa Bbupoca me ottoboph BKpaTH,i> cb eTiiKRTa ii neaaroriinTa, rioHeam t% cx noBeneTo TeopeTH- ‘lecKii. Očane cb TpeTHii BBiipocB, kohto e cbbc¥>mb otb iicnxoiioniHecKO ecTecTBO n koiito e e^iiiib otb HaH-MS,HHHTlj h HaH-BaatHHTb, me ce no3aHHMaeMT> no-npocTpaHHO. I. KanBO Htiuo e HaKa3aHneio. Ako xopaTa He JKHB , feexa 3aapy3KHO, ho BcfeKoii 3a ceoe en oT^ijino KaTO iiymiinami, to He npfenie ;i,a ima HaKa 3 aHHe Ha CBivra. He.TOBiKt, kohto cb hiikoto ne B.iH3a bb CHorne- Hiie ii kohto iKiiBie caMB 3 a ce 6 e en, Karo Po6hh30hb, toh ne MOJKe hiikomj ;;a HanpaBH H r i>Koe 3no, hhto nBKB MOJKe aa nooBpiia na oSipecTBeHHH pc;a>. Bb tbkbbb ciy- Haft He Moaie aa hm a hiito biihobhhkb, hiito HaKaaaiejib, cab^oBaTeuHo He moje e aa hm a ii Haica 3 aHHe. Ho nejio- b1jkb He Mome TaKa aa atiiBbe, 3am;oTO Toii, KaKTO Ka3- Ba ApncTOTejib, e ,,o 6 mecTBeHo oxm,ecTBo“ *), cjrkaoBaTeaHO toh HMa HVJK.ia otb o 6 mecTBO ii. a ii otb uljKaiiKO /ipvrapcTRO. 06ane bb apya; 6 aTa, KaKBHTO c&: cfeMeftcTBOTO, 3 aapyraTa, yHHHHin;eTO, ooimiHaTa, apymecTBOTO, xopaTa ce CHoniaBaTB cb xopa, ii no tbkbbb iiaaiHHB MoraTB epiiHB na ,a;pyrB pa en HaiiaciiTB anHHH, iienpaBan n MoraTB aa cMym,aBaTB 06 - mecTBeHHH pepB. Ako Ta 3 ii apyjKoa ncKa aa cavinecriivua h aa ne ce pa3naaue, to TptSBa BctKa 3 .nma, BcpKa HenpaB- aa ii BciiKO HapvmaBane o 6 iH,ecTBeHna pea'£> aa ce iiptana- pn cb eaHo penpeciiBiio cptacTBo, kooto aa 6 *ae CBo 6 pa 3 HO ) Ztoov jtoXrax6v. 10 ci, Ha^jiejKHOTO ;rhHCTBiie. ToBa (•pt/icTBO c naKasanuerno . Cat^OBaTejiHo Moate /pi ce Kante, ne HaKa3aHneT0 e peanijHa Ha ofiipecTBeHaTa rpyna upoTiiBb attptiHTa Ha oTAfcma jiih- HOCTb, KOHTO nOBptjKAa C^meCTBOTO II ptjIbTa Ha ofiipeCTBOTO h kohto pa3pyrnaBa ochobiitI, Ha nocjrfcAHBOTO. KaKBO cife/ipa otb iyn? Cii^Ba, ne bcIiko HeaoBljHecKO o6m;ecTBO, Koeio učita Aa mia npaBO Ha c*rn,ecTByBaHe, Tp!>6Ba Aa ce ocHOBaBa Bbpxy Mopajran ochobh ii TptoBa s a mia era- necKa ipfejib. Ako ne e tbh, to He Moate Aa ce ripiiiiva^aBa bcKikoh: OTAliaeHTj naeirb, Aa noniiTa canpecTBVBaHeTo na 06- ipeCTBOTO, HIITO IIBKTj nOC.lli^HbOTO H.Ma IipaBO Aa ro HaKa3Ba, aKo toh flHrne pj&Ka npoTiiBb Hero. 11 iiitaKBa o6in;ecTBeHa Apyat6a He oi-iBa Aa npl>ACTaBJiHBa ca,\ia 3a ce6e en pluibTa, kohto ,i,a ii ^aBa npaBO j,a cs.in;ecTByBa, ho Tp'feoBa a& mia eTHHecrta pluib; saipoTO ToraBa h e^Ha pa36oHHii c iecKa maiiKa, kohto H r kiua eTHHccKa ipli.ib, ip-feine-^a mia npaBO ^a csnpe- CTByBa. 3naHii, caMO OHOBa odipecTBO, i;oeTo noHHsa Ha mo- pajma ocHOBa, ima npaBO Aa csm,ecTByBa, na h chmo to Mo¬ ste Aa HaKa3Ba cboiitIj ijapyuniTejm ii Aa ynoTpfe6HBa upo- THBb T - fexb HaKa3aHneT0 khto cpbflCTBO 3a caMosaipirra. Ho TOBa HaKa3aHiie He e jih esiiH'b bhat* OTirbipemie, Koeio eTi-i- Kaia ocsatAa?— He e. OTMbmemiero ce ii3BbpniBa ott> OT^fej- Ha jiHHHOCTb cnpliMO Apyra sapajpi ce6e en h 3apa;r,n cBoaia coScTBeHocTb. 0'TMbCTHTejibTb OTMbipaBa sa ce6e ch, 3a CBOHTa JiHHHOCTb; a ooipecTBOTO He OTMbipaBa 3a ceoe ch, ho ;u : iBa caiio caho yAOB,ieTBopeHne Ha eTiiHecKirrfc HAen, koh¬ to My cjiy*aTb aa ochobh h kohto e AOKanra-b bhhobhiih. Tobh yAOBJieTBopeHiic ocB-feipaBa caMaTa udesi , ho ne hIviho pea,iHO, hiito nbEb jhihho. JI/bpvKaiiaTa ii Bcluca oSipecTBena rpyna mojkc sa naKas- Ba cajio bh HMeTO Ha emuuecKumi udeu , ho ne ii eapa^ir ITbKOH JiHHHOCTb IIJIH BT> IIMeTO Ha HtKOII napTH3aHCKII CTpeM- jieHiiH. TaKHBa HaKaBamiH m%xa Aa ojBAarb aMctbhtc.iho npo- CTH OTM'bIHOIIHH. A HIIKOfl, KOHTO HaKHBBa, He TpfcŽBa AH OT- MtmaBa; t °h Moare Aa HaiiaaBa caMO bt> mieTo na mienTa hjih bh HMeTO Ha ciipaBeA-niBHfl Borb, ho hc sapaAH CBOHTa JiHHHOCTb. Tasii HAeajiHa c h ji a Ha HaitasaHiioTo A^pncaBaTa AaBa na cs-AHai-a, Aa a HSBbpmBa iihab rpaacAaHnrli; a ecre- CTBCHIirfe H MO p a JHI [I OTHOUieilHH AaBHTb TB3II BJiaCTb na po- 11 ^HTe-iHT-fe, B-BsnHTaTemrfe n y i mxeaHTf, a HBBBpmBaTB Bbpxy .ntpaTa, BBSUHTaHtmirrh h jaeHPipHTi. Ako cera pearoMepaMe ^oceramHOTo TB.iRyBaHe, m,e no- ayanMT> cat^eipaTa ^;e(|)HHiin,Ha Ha HaKa3aHiieTo: HaKa3auuemo e 6oj'iKa., kojmio uejiosiuecKama dpysK6a ss UMemo na emuuecKumi udeu npuuuHHsa upi3% ceoumis mjmoMoui/HuVjU nad s ohuh , koumo napywasamz MOpajinumi U 0CH06U. Oal^oBaTeaHO, HaKa3aHiieTO TpiČBa ce npi-iaara bb HsieTO Ha eTHaecKHTfe M^eri. Cera ce nopaama BBnpocBTB : sz UMemo na koksu emuuecKu udeu mpi6ea da ce uaKa3sa npicmM.nHUKzmz ? —Cb oTroBopa Ha T0311 BBnpocb me oTro- BOPHMB CAipeBpliMeHHO H Ha BTOpiIH HaiHB BBHpOCB, KOHTO ! fl. Koh e L^t^bTa Ha HanasaHneTO? Ha T03H BBIipOCB pa3HII TeOpOTUHM OTrOBapHTB p a s ni h- ho : e;iHH Ka3BaTB, ne biihobhhkbtb Tpi6Ba ^a Ce HaKa3Ba bb iimcto Ha M/iCHTa Ha czszpmeucmeomo; a 'iona 3Ha uh, ho piabTa Ha HaKa3aHiieTo e, ,a;a /i,McTByBa BBpxy Bojurra Ha BHHOBHiiKa h BBpxy BOiHTa Ha flpyrn , r’h, koiito 611 Moran ^a HCKaTB ^a HSBBpmaTB c&moTO, hb rn iipi^nasBa hjlh 3a- naaniBa otb TOBa /pliftcTRne. Bb CBHHHemmTa Ha CeHeKa ne- TeMB cai^emeTO npaBHao: ,,Nemo prudens punit. ut ait Plato, quia peccatum est, sed ne peccetur! 4 s ) Ako e r ra3H ipkauTa Ha HaKasamieTO, rorasa Tp r fe6Banie #a ce HaK&Ba Koa- koto e BB3noa«io iio-c r rporo, 3amoro Toraaa HaKaeaniuiTa no- cnaHo rpe 3anaamBaTB. C’Bo6pa3HO cb r ra3H Teopim qpme ce onpaBaae n cmbpthoto HaKa3amie bb rpavRaaiiciaia iiaKasarejeiiB 3 bkohb, npn BCHHKO ne BBpxy Hero cnopflTB JiHoro pagmi ({aiaoco- (|)H H lOpHCTII. Btoph Teoperapu Ka3BaTB TaKa: ,,Moate ce naKa3Ba bb HMeTO Ha H;i,enTa na 6jiazoeojieHuemo u , Koero 3Haun, ne ipfeabTa na HaKasarmero e, ;i,a nonpaBii BHHOBHiiKa. Ako e tbh, to hIdKoh HaKasamia ne npksa o^maTB oiipaB^anii, KaTO Hanp. roptnoMeuaTOTo cmbptho naKasauce, oaipoio to ii3- '") Hhkoii ( 5jiaropa3y.MeHT., jtaitro Ka8Ba ILnaTOHi., no HaKaana, sainoTo ce e cbrpbiuHjio, ho ,zia ne ce cHrpbmana. 12 KJHOHBa BB3M0JKH0CTBTa, ,H,a Ce nOnpaBII BIIHOBHIIH. CnopeATb Ta3ii Teopna, osmo Taaa He mtaa ;ia 6x>fi&Th oiipaB^aiiii ohhh HaKasaHTia, koiito He rapamripaTi nonpaBHHeTO. (Bnpo- aeiiB aecTO uxth TOBa He e .necHO ^a ce 3Hae). Tpe™ TeopeTupii KaseaTB: „Tpt6Ba aa ce HaKa3Ba bb hm ^to na H^eaTa fta cnpaeedjiueocmbma Koe r ro nje pene, ae uta&Ta Ha HaKa3aHiieTO e oTMBmemie nan oTnaaTa 3a HaHe- ceHOTO 3 .no, h jih napajni3iipaHe Ha stoto cb 3jio. CnopenB r ra3ii Teopna TpliSBa ^a 6&^,e, ,,oko 3a oko“ hjiii ,,3x6b 3a 3^6b“. H tbh HM aivre TyKB Tpii raaBHii Teopun sa pia&Ta Ha HaKa3aHiieTo: nBpBaaa Ka3Ba, ae HaKa3aHHeTo TptČBa #a san^auiea , BTopaTa, ae TpToBa ,a,a nonpaeu BiiHOBHiiKa, a TpeTHTa, ae TpMBa «a omMzemu sa HaHeceHOTo 3.10 nan aa ro ypaBHOB'feca. TT311 Teopmi B,aii3aTB bb BBiipoca 3a rpa/Ka anCK0T0 11 neaaromaecKo HaKasamre. Ho TpT6Ba aa npn3HaeMB Bimarn, ae Bclma eana otb tAhi Teopmi cciMa no ce6e cu He e socTaTBHHa, Kamo m,e ce y6'fcATiMB otb caT- ayem,eT0 TBHKyBaHiie. Ako ce naKa3Ba cano cnope^B 3anaaimiTeaHaTa Teopna, ToraBa, pa36npa ce, HaKaBannara e&. ToiKOBa no-ao6pn, noa- koto cs uo-erponi. Ho cb TOBa ce HaKBpiiHBa cnpaBeaan- BOCTBTa, saipoTo He ce raeaa Ha CBpa3Mi>pH0CTBTa Ha Hana- 3amieT0 cnpt.MO .a.l.fiCTBiieTO, KoeTO noaaeiKii na HaKasamie; noBpiataa ce Tana CAiipo ii^eaTa Ha 6aaroBoaeHiieTo, 3ain;oTo He ce rae^a Ha TOBa, a a ah HaKasamieTo m,e nonpaBii bh- HOBHHKa, lian He. CatflOBaTeaHO, 3anaaniBaHeT0 He Moate ^a 6&^e e/pracTBena refcaB Ha HaKasamieTo, ho to naKB e edua ptaB; noneace 3aKorio,a;aTe,iBTB, KaTO sanaamBa ct> iibbIictho H aKa3ainie 3a h3B'6ctho flMcTBne, upaBii cb TOBa ncnxoaoni- HecKii HaTiicKB BBpxy oh1i3h, koiito 611 HCKaan ,a,a ro H3BT,pmaTB. Ako 611 11 BKB ^a ce HaKa3Banie cano cnope^B nonpa- BureaHaTa Teopna, Tora3B HaKa3amieT0 TpiČBame e no- Merao. HancTiiHa, TOBa rozine ,a,a e xyMaHHO, ho aecTO iisth 11 HeciipaBe^aiiBo. Ohiih ;i,Bpa?aBii, koiito iicKaTB caMo Aa ce nonpaBHTB 3ao;rfeHii;iiTi, nocTpoaBaTB 3a nocali^HiiTii jio^epHii 3aTBopn, ycaoBHTB hmb yaHTeaii 11 xap x iaTB 3a t!xb ^aiKe tobkosb, KoaKOTO 11 3a yae 6 HHT'fe 3aBe/i,eHiiH. Cat^OBaTeano, 3a y 6 iien,a ce npaBHTB pa3H0CKii, a KaKBO ce npaBii 3a cupapiiri Ha jAhthh ?— Hiiin,o. Tli cx iipi^ocTaBemi ib cajni Ha ce 6 e cn n Ha MiiaocTbTa na xpynirk xopa. II i-ana, cnopext> nonpaBHTejiHaTa 'reopi-m, Ha BimoBnima Mome a& ce npaBn ,ao op o, a 3a HennuHiiTi cTpaAaaipi — hiiih,o, n Aa®e rh ce 3 a h c n r ap rr b a tl ; a Toaa e HecripaBeA-iriBO, aarpoTO xy- MaHocTbTa cnptMO snoAtrnipirt cTaBa Bb to 3 h c.ivHaii KaTO HexyMaHOCTb criptiio ;i,o6piiTt. (Bonis no et. qui malis parcit *). r JI,pyra e/ri ia *iiec n paRCA-imsocn, e Tasii, ne napirrJ^ noxapHenri ;?a Bb3riirrnimeTO n nonpaBHHeTO Ha baoaMph- Tt, ce OTHiiMarb necTO nami orb cptscTBaia sa Bnsnirra- hiicto na H6BiiKHHTt> M.iaAeiKii, npn bchhko ne aHAporormrra, t. e. Bb3nnTaHiieT0 Ha Maaate run na B'b3pacTHH xopa, cno- pepn ucHxoioniHTa, ima cano npoČJieMaTnmia CTofmocTb. Xep- oaprn nasBa: „ 3.T0,n'bHn,rrrh ce Bpnmarb oxn aaTBopirrfe no- .lomn ii rio-oriacim, otuoakoto c,y> 6 hjiii no-riptAn. “ B b 3 pacTHiiaT-b He.iOBtKn e riciixo.ioniHecKii T 0 aK 03 n yTBbpfleH"b, ihoto /ihHCTBirre.iHo e mhoto m&hho, Aa ce npt- ofrnpHe CaBe.Tb na IlaBe.Tb. Oxn tobh cfltABa, ne ii nonpa- Birre.iHaTa nt/ib Ha HatiasaniieTo He Mome Aa 6 .KAe e/umcH- Beiia nl.Jb, ho h th npii bciihko TOBa e edna nt.ib. TeopiiHTa Ha riapa,iii 3 iipaHeT 0 iijih oTMnipeHiieTO nra- ch tihi: „ h a 3 .ioAten,a nena ce OTriaaTH cn 3.10.“ — C>H 3 n HCIIOBtlCb, K 0 HT 0 e nOBptAII.rrb eTHHeCKIITt HAeil, K 0 IIT 0 cav ocnoBara Ha o6mecTBcnaTa APyax6a, Tpt6Ba a a riptTnpnii 3.110T0, 3 a a& A&Ae cn CBoaxa doana yAOBJi 6 TBopeHiie na no- BpIiAeHiiH iipeam. Tona ro H 3 HCKBa ciipaBeA.niBOCTbTa, kohto o peryaaTop r b Ha Haita 3 aHiieT 0 . Cera aao po3ioMiipaMe AOceraiimiiTt pa3MiiuuieHHH Bi^p- xy nlvibTa na iiaKasaimeTo, TptČBa a e. KaaceMn, ne th e Tpn BHAa: 3anjiatuumejma ) nonpaeumejina n omMZcmumejma. IIpn c np a b o A-iiiB o t o oriptA^emie Ha nanasai-meTO, Ha- Ka3aTe;ii>ri. TptOisa Aa hibah h Ha Tprnt BHAa ptiib; ho bt, paaim oOmecTBeHii h A r f>pn;aBiiii oocToirre.iCTBa h eno6pa3HO cn pa3.mHHa Bn3pacTb 11 pao.imnio iichxiih(‘cko cncTOHHiie Ha BHHOBHIIKB, H ITaft-nOCflt, KaTO OipIiHIIBa CaMOTO A^HCTBHe, HaKa3axe.ibTn Tptfma Aa HMa npf>An bha’b eAHaTa mm ABt>Tt> pium iroBCHe, a TpeTiiTa 110 -Ma.iKO. Hanp. iopn;niHecKOTo Ha- Ka3aHiie, 6e3n cnMHtmie, noBene ipe HacTorraa, Aa napaJiii3Hpa Biniara h Aa 3aii.mimi Apvnrrh, a no-MaAKO ipe r.ieAa, Aa ’) JtofipHif, noBpiama ohsh, koAto npomana jiomHTi. 14 — nonpaBii BHHOBHHKa. Ilpn ne^aroriiHecKOTo iiaKa3amie o6ane e tt>kmo upoTiiBHOTo: ne,a;arorbTb Haii-jraoro TpiČBa #a HacToaBa, #a nonpaBii BHHOBHHKa; ho neroBaTa pian He e ,a,a sanjiaiHBa, hhto iibKb ^a napajiH3iipa BiiHaTa, noHeace HeAopacjimri-, KHoma He Moace oin,e ^a exBaHe cninecKaTa H,a,eH Ha cnpaBeflJiHBOCTbTa. Xep6ap r ri> Ka3Ba tih: ,,IIe/i;aro- rn i iecKHT"fe HaKa3aHiiH nlman, TaKbBb xapaKTepb, kokto rpan:;i,aHCi;HT'j’); TixHaTa pl.m, hmchho iio;io6pl>niieTO, e pfe^,Ko no3HTiiBHa ipkib Ha r p a/i;^ a h c k ht r h hhk a3 aHHii, 3am;0T0 Bb tiih HaKaaaHiiH Manna e HapeacpaTa, ne mp ce nocTHrae Tas ipiijib. 4 '— Bethe e Bbpab upoTHBHiiKb na TOBa, hi;oto HaKa3a- HiieTo bx. cfeMeiiCTBOTo h ynn;mmeTO pa HMa 3an.ianiHTeaHa plat.. Toii Ka3Ba hmghho Tana: „ ^bpacaBaTa h apniiHTa cm ripimvpeHH ii3o6rpo p a nocjrfcpBaTb 3ari.;iainHTe;iiiim ripimpinib, flOKoiKOTo HCKaTb, pa He 6mpe t1ixhoto cmiH;ecTByBaHe no- ctohhho HecnrypHO. Ako 6h pa ce nplmecaTb cmipHTli no- npaBHTe.iHH eplpciBa Bb clMeftcTBOTO h jmnmipeTO, ToraBa Tyn nplipb Bora He e mimo ppyro, ocB-feHb iiptcTmnneHHe. Bet ko np-fejnocTaBiine Ha cini ar a npipb pa3yMa 3Hann, r ia ee ymi3KaBa nejOBliib Bb thh MajiKii oSipecTBa KaTO jkhbotho.“ ToBa Hena 6mpe pocTaTbHHO 3a petJuiHHpHHTa h piiibTa Ha HaKa3aHiieTO. riplMHHaBaMb KbMb TpeTIIH Bbnpocb: lil. Ka»n> TptČBa ^a ce HaKa3Ba? To3ii e (cnopepb HanieTO Mirlmie) Haii-Baasmia n iraii- sisiHeHb ne r iarormiecKH Bbnpocb, 3a kohto He Moace pa ce pa3cmacpaBa TeopeiTinecKH cb 0Ha3ii no3HTiiBHOCTb, Cb kohto MOJKe pa ce roBopu 3a cmipecTBOTO h pkibTa Ha HaKa3amie- to. — KaKBa e Bene caiiaTa pa3„niKa 110 tosh Bbnpocb Me- a«y lopiiCTb h neparorb! — rpaacpaHCKHHTb cmpHH, ipoMb Biipn, ne e poKaaana BHHaTa Ha BHHOBHHKa 11 c* pa3HCHemi bciihkhtI. BTopocTeneHHii odcTOHTeacTBa, Hanara TaitOBa HaKa- 3aHHe, itaKBOTO iipipmicBa 3aK0HbTb. Toh He ce rpimn mho- ro, KaKBa npnempa ipe iispene mm khkbo HaKa3aHHe ipe upn- aoatii ; ho noBenero ce rpnaai, pa onpipkiH hcho ii 6e3b miKa- kbo cbMHl>HHe nptcTmnHOTo piiiCTBHe h pa y3Hae BcecTpaH- ho oficTOHTejicTBaTa, kohto cm ro npHppyjKaBa,iiH. 111,0Mb to- Ba orane 11 ipoMb npicTmimocTbTa Ha piiicTBHOTO ce ,10 na- 15 ate n ee noeoHaTT. bchhkhtP o6cToaTeicTBa, kohto c& ro npHHHHHiH h npiiApy}KaBa.JiH, ToraBa cs^HSTa ct> ^ocTaTta:- na curvpHOCTB Moate ,a,a npi^BHflH rojibMHHUTa h KanecTBO- to Ha HaKa3aHiiexo. — Y ne^arora e tt>kmo npoTHBHOTO. Toii hgcto iukth e oaeBiiAepH Ha HaKaoy gmoto jMcTBBe, 3a- ipoTO CTaBa npb,n,T> caMHTb My o on ; hko jih iit,kt> He CTana lipidi. Hero, toii CKopo me ro y3nae n He My Tpb0Ba Ha- ST>Jiro ^a HBCJib/iBa n ^a ycTaHOBBBa (|iaKTa. Toii no3HaBa BiiHOBHiiKa bh abhoto Ha ffyniaTa My, no- Heate bc6koii ,a,eHi> ee aamiMaBa ct> nero, a Taita c^mp 3Hae h ,apyniT r ](j o6.cTOHTejicTBa, koiito car npH3,pyataBajni .ubiicTBHe- to. Tria pačoTii Ha rpaHt^aHCKim c&^iia ne n3BbcTHii. Ho npn BCiiHKO TOBa Ha neflaroniHecKiia c&riw e no-Mi&HHO fla onpb,a,bjiH HaKa3aHneTo, otkojikoto Ha ropncTa. 3a ,na 6i&,a,e neaaroriiaecKOTo HaKa3aHiie yM r fecTH0, t. e. 3a ,a,a Moate #a ^,’feiieTByBa Ha BiiHOBHiiKa nonpaBirreJiHO — a TOBa e, KaKTO Ka3axMe no-ropb, rjiaBHOTO Hbipo,— to He CTHra ne,a,arorT>TT> ^a HMa np-ban ohiitT ch tphtP cTeneHH Ha HaKa3yeMOCTbTa: Dolus, Culpa, Conatus *), ho TpbdBa ^a bhhkhg bt> cy6eKTHB- HaTa HyBCTBHTejIHOCTb Ha BHHOBHHKa. A Ta3II HJBCTBHTea- HOCTL e TBBpflb pa3JfHHHa y flbpaTa, CIIOpCT,T. TbXHHTb <|)H3H- aecKii, iicHXii'ieeKH h BT.3HHTaTe.n HH pa3JHiHiia. Toh Tpb6Ba ^a rne^a Ha nojia, Ha o6m;ecTBeHOTO nonoatemie, hjiii Ha nporpe- chbhoto hjiii MopaiHOTO HUBO Ha BiiHOBHiiKa. Ct> e,a,Ha pjua, toii TpbČBa sa HHflHBH^yajiH3Hpa cbohtT HaKasaHHH. npn HaKa3aHHeTo ne TpbČBa ^a ro pmkobo/hi Hi.KaKT.BT) HaKa3a- TejieHT. 3aK0HT>, a ncHxoaoriiHTa n n.ui.na n. MopajieHT. TaKTi.. KaKTO bt> jtoriiKara rjiaBHOTO ribiiio, KoeTO ee ii3HCKBa 3a /i,ei{)HirnnnHTa, e Tyii: Defintio sit adaequata, TOBa cx- ih;oto Moate ^a ce Kance h bt> ne^arornaTa, HMeiiHO rjiaBHOTO npaBmo sa HaKa3aHHeTo TpbdBa sa rjiacu: Poena sit adae- quata, h to bt. ^boiiho OTHomeHiie ,,a^eKBaTHo“ iijih cT.o6pa3- ho : a) bt. OTHOineraie Ha ey6eKTHBHaTa HH,nHBH^yajiHocTb Ha BHHOBHHKa h 6) bt. OTHomeHHe Ha caMOTo HaKa3yeM0 ubiicTinie. He caMO no Tain.BT. HaHiiHB Tpb6Ba ^a ce HanasBa, a He HHane, TOBa HCKaMe ^a ^oKajKeMT. ct. H 3 peHeHHHTa Ha hTkoii nponyTH c|)hjioco(|)h ii neflaro3ii; a Ha Kpaa Hena hh 6x«e no- 3BojieHo a cnoMeHeMT. HbKoii ejivnan h3t> MHororo/iiimHaTa hh yHHTOjicKa npaKTHKa. j Xhtpootb, Birna, noiijuieHHe. 16 Bhjio e Bpiiie, KoraTO CB-fer&rb ee e ynpaBMBa.ii> cno- pepn npaBma 11,111 cnopept maft.ionii. Komo pa 3 Hoo 6 pa 3 jpi HaupaBaeHHH ii.ni nocoKii cm iiMa.ni xypO/KecTBenirrii mKoraj nanp. ohim no JKiiBoniicbTa! Tbsn HanpaB.ieHiia hjih nocoKii cm parni nponyTix jKiiBonncpii; a clii minorum gentium, na™ eniiroHii BT>pB r kiH epmi nopiipi, T 03 H, ppyrn uopnpi, ppyn> „maestro“, csipo Karo OBpe nopiipi, oseHa, koi“ito ni nptp- Boaipa. CTpyBa hh ce, ne nojema-serKa ipe upbcTaHe tvu, sarpoTo MopepmiTii xypoHiHiipn nonHaxa pa ce ocBodoacpaBaTi, ort rospurb na ihkohitP; Tb ncKaiB pa huibPhtt, caMocToa- Te.iHO, 11 Ha npon 3 BepeHiiHTa cn iiCKam pa papart OTnena- TBKa HH CBOHTa IIHPIIBIipyajIHOCTb. —CsipoTo h 1 im,o e II Cb HaKa 3 aHiieT 0 ; CTapaTa iieparoms e iiMaaa CTT>,ioa Ha naKa 3 a- hhh 3 a pa 3 .iiinmi bhhh, h aKO nf.ROH B/BBinnaiiuin, nanpa- bh.it> HlmaKBO 3,10, TyTaKcn My ce Ha,iara,io oupbpKienoTO no-paHO HaKasaHiie. Tobh 61110 MHoro ypo 6 HO, ho cBBcfeMt MexaHii x iecKO- 6 iopoKpaTCKo ; T0311 Hanimi, Ha HaKa 3 aHiieTO Ha- KBpHHBaat ch.iho eTireaTa 11 ncnxoaoniHTa n 6n.11> nnoro He- cnpaBep.iiiBH — paaie 11 MMniiTe.ieHT>. Hanp. Rebelais yKopaBa BapBapcKOTO Bi> 3 nHTaTeaH 0 3 aBepemie „College Montaigu“. Grandgousier, Karo mhc,tLtj>, ne Ponocrat e pa.11, cii- Ha en bi> riiMHaaiiHTa Montaigu, no.iynii.iT> oti> noc.ibpHHH c,ibpyein,eTO iihcmo : jjHepbirre mitc.hi, ne ro ii3npaTnxi> bi> OHaa rnycHa rHMHa3iiH, kohto ce Hapuna „ Montaigu “ . A3i> 6 hxi> npbpnonejrB pa ro pani, Meacpy npocapiiTi, h to nopapii roibnain cypoBocTb 11 rHycoTa, kohto BiiatpaMi, TaMi>. Mho- ro no-po6pb MaBpirrb 11 TaTapiiTi ce ornacHTi, ci> cboiitP ocMpemi npbcTMnmrpH; iio-po6pb jkiibPhti, pa36oiiHHpiiTi bi> 3aTBopiiTb, a parne n KyneTaTa bi> Baiuaia KMtpa, otkoi- koto ohhh KieTHiipii bt> TOBa 3aBepeHiie. Ako 6d>xi> na- piKKKii papb—pHBO.Tb pa Me B3eMbine—ano He 6bxi> ro 3a- iia.iii.Ti>, h Hesa bi, n.iaMtn.HTb ii3ropHTi> 11 piipeKTopi>TT> n ynnTeniTp, koiito ponycKaTi>, pa CTaBan, ripbpi, T r txHiiT r b ohh nopodiiii nap Bapi pumi."' Erazmo di Roterdam, nponjTi, yne- hiikt. Ha TOBa 3aBepeHHe, Ka3Ba: „HaKa3aHiiHTa ce CT>eToaxa bt> 6neHe 11 ce H3BT>pmBaxa ci> TanaBa rposHa jseCTOKOCTL, .hi,oto He motm pa tu Kanta. “—^Heci> Bene He e tihi ; 3arpoTO, cnopepn sppaBaia neparorna, bhhobhhkt>tt> ce HaKa3Ba cn HaKasamie, Koe r ro e ci>o6pa3HO ct> HeroBOTo npbcTi&nieHHe, ci> HeroBOTo iiciminecKO h <|)H3HuecK0 CBCTOHHiie, ci> Hero- 17 — boto o6in;ecTBeHO nojoaceirae n cb ecrecTBOTo na caiiaTa bii- Ba. Ha MicTOTo Ha H-feKoraumaTa i-fecHa MexaHHHHOCTb Ha- ct&bii pan,noHa.!iHa nparMaTHHHocTb, Ha kohto caaBHii Msate cb GiicTpiia ch YM r f> h daaropopnoTO ch cbpppe OTBopnxa hatc. Cnencepz CHirra, ne bcIiko HaKa3aHiie TptoBa pa e cbb- ch.M h ecTecTBeHO efffcpeTBHe 0Tb casioTO HaKa3yeM0 pMcTBiie. Mi-rhinieTO en tok nopap-fcoH cb TBbppt nov HUTeaHH iipuM-fepii: Ako epno ptoe napHe H® ch ypapn naBara o MacaTa, to ycl.rpa doiiKa, kohto 3a Bb dapeme m,e ro HanpaBii pa 6xpe no-npipnasaiiBO; ano ce noBiopii nopodeHb oniiTb Cb doma, to pIvreTo caMo ipe ee HayHii, KaKb rp-JadBa pa ce Pbhjkh. Ako petsto ce nonapii Ha orbiia, inni ponpi pAKaTa ch po naaMHKa Ha CBtipbTa, hjiii h TypHe Bb Bp r kia Bopa, to rionapeHOTO \rdeTO, KoeTO ce e iipiiHiiHiuio ho to 3H iranHHb, ipe My 6&pe epHHb ypoKb, kohto H'kMa pa 3adpaBH. Eto TaKa toh cctoctbbho hh pa3HCHHBa no Haii-npocTb Hanin ib nbpiia- Ta Teopiia h npaKTHKa Ha MopaiHOTO iioiipaBieHiie. KaKTO Bb (|)H3Hnec!aiH gb-Juh TkiecHaTa paHa e ecTecTBeHO cjrfipcTBiie OTb HesaniiTanoTo Ha opiipopHHH 3aKOHb, TaKa h He3aHHTa- HeTo ii:i iiopajiHHH 3aKOHb Tptdiia pa HMa Bcfeitora CBoeTO ecTecTBeno ejrkpcTBiie, KoeTo pa c' b o t b r l > t c t e,y b a Ha caMOTO pkHciBnc 3 uto b a CneHcepb roBopn na neaoBfniecTBOTO: Cb- o6pa3ai:-aHTe ce cb ecTecTBOTo, kooto bc6ko npicranaeHHe na cnoiirfe aaKomi HaiaiBBa cb Heiiodtama cbpa3MkpHa peaii- npm: iieonaniiTeaHO piiicTBHe paacpa He3HaHHTe,iiHa donita, a no-eepH03Ho — no-cepno3Ha doiKa. HenoB^Kb, kohto BC.rfep- CTBHe Ha CBOHTa He[ipijpna3JiHBocTb ce cnpinbHe o npara h napHe, crpapae TOHKOBa, kojikoto My e iiOTpibdHO, pa ce Ha- ynH pa 6ape 3a Hanpipb np r fepna3.iHBb. OcBfmb Tyii Tptd- Ba ii TOBa pa ce B3eMe npf>pb Biipb, ne bchhkh ecTecTBemi peaKpHH CA KOpaBH, HeilOCptpCTBeiHI II T0IK03b cHrypHii, ne He MoraTb pa ce irisdLniarb. TyKb ir fina thxo 3arpo3H- BaHe, hhto HariOMHyBaHe, hhto pbJim iiporroB-hpn, ho HMa caMO epHa CTpora, nhna, HCMHaocbppna ii BckKora noc.rfe- poBaTeana CKsei,'vpiia. Ako epHO pt/re ce y6ope cb TpbHb, me ro sadoan; aso air HanpaBH TOBa om e BepHajitb, m e HMa CAmOTO CatpCTBHe H T. H. PO 6e3K0HeHH0CTb. Bb BCMHKirrf) cboh OTHonieHHH cb HeopraHHHecKaTa iipupopa rip-fepb pkroTO ce HsnptHBa TOBa HeiioKonediiMO iioctohhctbo, KoeTo e r.iyxo 3a BCHHKH MOadH, odimailHH II II3BHHeHHH, H IipOTHBb KOeTO 2 H-fejia anejrfc. Ha HacTaB.ieniMTa Ha ejunn, Tart )bl yHiiTe;ib ^fjTeTO HenpbMeHHO me ce noKopaBa,—6iiao to fltTe Ha ko- poHOBaHa raaBa ii,tih Ha oimeHb paSoTiimcb. ToBa iiacTaBJieHiio e BaiKHo h me CTaHe oipe no-Bajimo, aKO noMiicjiiMT., 'ie to mia 31 -ia'ieHiie ne caiio 3a dimuucmm 5kiibott>, ho n 3a jkiiboth Ha no-ez3pacmHunvi . IHojrb npi- CTaHe .noMamHOTO B'b3H[n'aiiiie n ipoMb Bene H r fe>ia Bb km mu hiito po;uiTejn, hiito HaeTaBHiipu, kohto /ia My aanplapaBa rij TOBa n jih onoBa aMcTBiie, ToraBa nocTMiiBa copnajmoTo bhs- niiTaHiie, KoeTO cbBc^Mb nprnitna na OHOBa, KoeTo bi, MJia- yiT T r h ropiiiiii .rimjTO e v miki o upii onma, npn TpbHa iijih ripu ispfj.iaTa BO',ia. Ako MaaAeiKbTb, kohto e BCTMinnib bt, vkhbotb, rvoii Bpi,- MeTO en 6e3pa3c,Y,aHo n nsnbJniflBa CBOirrfc jmbJKHocTii jiJihiibo ii iiOBp r bXHOCTHO, CKopo me to nocninie ecTecTBeHOTo HaKa3amie: toh me 6 M,a;e yBOJiHeHT> ott> ^.ibiKHOCTbTa ii Tp-feSiia /m CTpa- ;iae, a,a npinaca 6 f>;ia h BcluiaKBH mmhhotiih Ha pejiaTiiBHa- Ta capoMaimiH. HeTomnmrb HeaostKb, kohto BcIiKora 3aHeMa- pHBa cBoiiT-fe ^'feaa, me Tiprai 3ary6a h mera, koiito cm ecTecTBeHo cjrfeacTBiie oti, neroBaTa iictobijbcti,. TbproBC- H,bTb, kohto HCKa aa CKy 6 n uaneH rnT r ]3 en, caopo me ni 3ary- 611 , h no TaicbBb namili, me cc Typn iipaii Ha neroBaTa eKcnaoaTapHH. H e b i iiim a t c ji h rum, iit,Kapb, ano ro 3 ap r fejKaTb doamiTi My, ciiopo me ce iioy i in> fla ce Tpyn,H noBene 3a OHtaii, kohto My cm ocTana.in ome BipHH. Cmiho TaKa ce irajmaBaTb aeKoyMHiiflTb KpeniiTopb n xiiTpiiHTb emiKvriaiiTb no upu'rima Ha MMHHOTHirrt,, bi, koiito th e XBbpnHJia Tf,x- HaTa XHTpocTb, sa aa pa30eparb, ne e noTpiČHO aa 6MaaTb nonpf,,i,na3HTeJiHii bk CBOirrfe npfvmpmrrmr. — H Tama CTaBa Bb mfesna atiiBOTb Ha BcfiKH o/piiib rpamaamrnb. Taiia r-raRlip- ho . cm upOH3.i'i>3Jiii h 6 bJirapcKifri, iiocaoBimu : . ,,napeHib nama ayxa,“ ,,b c ^ ko 310 3a Ao 6 po“ h up. Tfean iiocaoBimii He no- Ka3BaT r b caMO, ne CMmecTByBa aHaaorna ne/imy copua/moTo Rbuinrraiiiie ii MeiKay BbanriTamieTo, kocto npnpo;ia'ra TOJino3b paHO Haaara Ha pirnaTa, ho otf, rki, MO/Ke h pa ce yB'fepiiMb, ne TOBa BbiiiiiiTaniie e TaKa caimo h mhoto ycnt,mno. Toea yB’lipeHHe hcho e H3Ka3aHo Bb Kara/mcBima JKHBOTb, rpliTO necTo iimth cayiHa,\ie, icaitb vmosiiHa npH3HaBaTb, ne caiio Hp'{j3b CKMno 3an,iaTenb oniiTb cm pommr po Taiib, a a ce OTKaiKHTb OTb 3JHIHHT'Il II 0 Tb lieOO.MIIC.ieHOTO CII uoBepeHiie, 19 kogto cs hm asu no-np r feflii. KoraTO ce Kaeae, fla ce ocsacfla AhitO! riiiKiTo Ha iiTkom pascimniiKi. mh na hTkoh HerpacTeHt crreiijiaiiTH, ToraBa Bcfeitora MoaceMT. fla nyeMT>, ne bciihkh CHBtTii os 6hjih h3jhhiihh h ne He e motio Hiiipo ,a,pyro fla ro H3I|,f>pil, a CaMO ,, TOpHHBHHTT. OHHTT>.“ Tim AOKasaTejioTBa os flocTaTT>HHii, fla hii y6'feflHTT>, ne ripiipo r iiraTa peamprn, kohto CrienccpT. npiiiopsnBa, e He ca- mo Haii-jcnTrnHOTo aaKasamie, ho h ne He Moace fla ce 3a- mTcth ct. HHKoe ,ipyro HaKasamie Ha cirl/ra. Kohto He Bip- Ba oipe Ha Tim flOKa3aTe,iCTBa, HeKa nonieflHe hbhhtIj Hecno- JiyKii Ha namiiiT. pasaiimm HaKaaaTejmH ciioTeMH. Oti. bchh- khtT MeTOflH Ha KpiiMimaaiioTO HaKa3aTeacTBO, kohto ce npn- aaraxa h BT.BOJKflaxa bt> pa3Hii <|>opMH, hhkoh He e Morna fla y3,oBaeTBopii o h a k b aiiii a t a Ha ohiih, kohto cs a saipHipaBaan. H3KycTBeHHT'ii HaKaBamia He MoraTT. fla nonpaBHTT. biihob- . HiiKa, ho caMO yrojr]fiMHBaTT> 3JioflTHCTBaTa bt. mhojto 6 pohhh cjijmaii. CaMO ohhh nacTHH saBefleiiHH nonpaBHTT. von-h nm o B r b3nHTaHiii] 1 HT r ]fi ch, kohto ce jo63HacaBaTT. KT.MT. npiipoflHa- Ta MeTo.ua, cnopefli. kohto BiiHOBHHKa BcliKora nocTHTBa ecTe- cTBeHOTo caiflCTBHe Ha HeroBOTO iipPcTsnaeHHe. Bt. Tasii MeTOfla, cnopeflT. CneHcepa, ce HaMHpa npHH- piinT-TT. Ha MOpaiHOTO BT>3HHTaHHe. Ta3H MeTO.ua, KaKTO BII- ;TfexMe, e yM'l.cTHa KaKTO 3a dimimcicusi sKueomz , TaKa h 3a a; n bo Ta Ha ez3pacmuumi xopa; a KaKi, fla He osflc vmIict- Ha h 3a aiMBOTa Ha MJiadesKa? — Ta flliHCTBHTejnio h 3a Hero e TaitaBa; caMO pofline.Tirrt, h yHHTejiHT’I> 6 h TpiČBaao fla rseflaTT., hi;oto MnafleatHrk eclucora fla' np r £TT.pnHBaTT> cs- ipiIHCKHT'}-. CltflCTBHH Ha CB0HT r fe flMcTBIIfl, T. e. IipiipOflHH peaKH,HH, a ne H3KycTBeHii h np^Kaiemi HaKasarnia. PoflHTeji- CKPIHTT. ThTbIj, OCTpHTp flVMlt, IICyBHIlTp, 3an3aiHBaHHflTa H 6He’HeT0, ct. kohto BT>3HeroflyBaaH r rii poflHTejui necTO nsra HaKa3BaTi> cbohtP MajiKH rpt.mjnmii, He cs HCTHHCKa npH- poflna peaKn,HH; MaKapT. ne'%a r TaKSBT. Hanimi. HaKasamie He Moace fla ce Kante, ne ne e penaraBHo 306T.p1 >, t. e. flodspi. 3a TaKirna flTpa, ct. kohto h ttk rkt. He Moace fla ce iiB.rfee Ha raaBa, hiito MoraTT. fla ce fli>pacaTT> CTeraaTo. To. cs o6iiKHOBeHHO flTpaTa Ha TaKHBa poflHTeaii, koiito caMii He cs 6 hth Bi.3iiiTTaiin no-flo6p r b bt. MiaflHTp cii rofliimi. CneHcepi. Hapuna Ta3ii MeTOfla eapeapcKa. Ako TaKirna pofliiTeaii ci.CTaBjTHBaTT> MacaTa Ha, Hapofla — 20 ii. ht 6o;imiiHCTBOTO Ha oSmecTBOTO, ToraBa Tarama HaicasaiiTfi c* flaate flo6pn 3a Tarama očipecTBa; 3ain;oTO BapBapcKii flfc- n;a na BapBapcKii poflirrejni MoraTb cajio er> BapBapcKii j;e- TOflii fla ce flbpataTb cTerHaTO. A Tarama BapBapcKii Mero/i.ti, pa36npa ce, Haii-flo6pb nprnoTOBJurnaTb flkpaTa 3a sapBapcao o6in,ecTBO, Bb KoeTo iibKb cainiTi flbpa, KoraTO CTaHaib Bb3paCTHtI, SaMfiCTHTb CBOHTt pOflHTe.TII Bb Tp afl Hi;HOHRJIHa ’ a potib na BapBapcKHTi Haiia3aHHK, n to bb $opMa Ha rop;i:e-j jniBa cTpacTb, aioTb rHkBb, MpbCHii ncyBHii n 6oPt. HaB-fepHO, ohhh npoHjTTi neflaro3H n <|)h.iococ{)ii, kohto ca> 3a rkiecHink HaKa3aHiiH, itaTo Herbart, Čampe, Waitz, Beneke, Nageli- bach ii flp. ca. HMa.ni Ha y,ua TaKHBa (BapBapcKii) o6m,ecTBa h TaKHBa ;y(iu,a. Ho Bene Coicpamz 6k npoTimb rkiecHoto HaKa3atiHe; toh Ka3Ba r raKa: ,, Koiito oth ;iyMa He ycfem l a, toh n 0Tb Toara irlma fla ycbTii.“ Keunmujiusim e cauuo ripoTHBb TkjiecHOTO Haiia3aHne, 3a Koero mhoto b^pho roBopn n Montaigne: ,,A3b He CbMb Biiatflanb flpvro etrfiflCTBne otb Toarurb, ocirhin. fla HanpaBHTb flyinaTa no-Haxa.iHa imh no-i 3.io6ho ynopiiTa.“ Miiotniiia MHCiHTb, ne He e Bb3MoatHO, fla ce Hay L ia r n> flkpaTa Ha noc.iynmocTb 6e3b n pa.Hita (6 oh). 06ane Konto CTpyBa bt> eninecKO oTHomenne TaitaBa nocayHiiiocTb, mhofo xy6aBO ita3Ba Jacobs cb cjibflAromiiTk fly.Mii : ,,HocjiymnocTb, BTbaiiena Hp-hai. 6oli, e Hbino jkhbotiihcico h othhmb Ha He.iOB.luca Han-xy6aBOTO, itaitBOTO ima, t. e. cb3HaHnexo aa floSpoBOiHOTO noflHHHemie na 3aKOHa. 3aTOBa cTapirrk Hapoflii 6nexa chmo cBoirrb po6e.“ A Bb OTb KaKb CbMb yHHTe3b HJHI BbCBHTaTeJIb (eflHOTO cb flpyroTO cb6paHO cTaBaTb 30 roflimii), ne CbMb ynoTpt6Hir6 HteCTOKOCTb H.IHI 6oiI HIITO Bb KAVHUI KUTO HaCTeilb yHHTe.Tb, 3 oiije no-Ma.iKO Bb yHH,THin,eTo itaTo flbpataBeHb yHHTeiib. Ho upii bchhko tobb Tpklua fla npn.iiiaa, ne y i iemTHiiT'h mh 6 - hxa nocajmiiH h flo6pn, Ta nt.Maiiie otb T+.xna CTpana 3a MeHe HHitaKBa ii c n p h /Iti i o CTb, a ome no-MaaKO rpy6iraHCTBO. Hanpo- TiiBb, a3b BHfl r t)Xb y flpyrapirrh en Bb pa3aiiHHH 3aBefleHHfl, rflbTo cjmmixb, ne tith jKecTOKii ii o ct A. n itn Bc/hitora naMipBaja jKecToitb OT3iiBb. HcTHHa e n me ch ocraHe TaitaBa, ne npo- CBbTeHH HJI0H0B6 Ha npocBkreHO o6in;ecTBO He me H3pa3HBaTi CBoeTo iicflOBoacTBo no TaitbBb rpy6b Haninih, ho m;e ynoTpb6fl- Baxb no-6jiarH, a iibKb flocTa ciijihh M-feprai npn cbohtIi BbbiiH' 21 TanHnn.ii, Kara iiplipiiojiaravrh, ne rfe He botcrti, p,l ropf>- no.vieHx.TaTa KRTeropna. (A. E.) Cnencepz, krto iicaa pa pa3HCHii pa3jniKaTa Me»:py upu- po THaTa peaitnim n litihveTBenaTa, noconBa hIjkoii npHtvrfcpH orano npii MJiabesKCKomo ez3numanue, oth koiito npoiraii- 3<; rt h hIjKoiko npaKTtnecKH ct>b1>th. Toh na3Ba: IIp-hpn MajiKo BptMe e,iiyinax'b necio hxtii, ne yKopaBarb bt> cbefepHaTa K.v.ina epHo mapo momiihc, noeTO nonTii miKora He e fntBaao njinroTBeHO bh onptpliiieHOTo BpAvie, pa OTHBa Ha KaTapueBHaTa pa3xoflKa. ToBa piie ii.uaine TaKtbBb upaBB, ihoto bt> Betico 3a6a- B.ieHiie h npn BctKa pafioTa 5tme pa3ctaHo, 3a6paBanie bcii- ; h ko, ii no TaKT>BT> HaHiiHT. He 6tme miKora totobo, KoraTO ppyniTt H3Jiii3axa Ha pa3xopKa; ryBepHaHTicaTa h ppyrHT r b pt- r n,a BcbKoit hxtb TpMBarne pa nanaTt, po itaTo ce iipuroTBH f. TOBa HeMapjiiBO ptTe. MaiitcaTa CTporo ro yKopnBame 3a Tasn I My HCMapjniBOCTb. Ho CneHcept h HaiiOMHHjrt c,n , kpyeineTo : L- ,,MailKo, TBOHTa BtaniiTaTeaHa ciieTeMa He cipyBa. ^'Kopasa- I neTO TyK-b He e npnpopHO naKasaHiie. ^tTeTO e HeiiapniBO h ; iieTonno 14 . Kant MoaceT03ii He^ocTaTtEt ar ce HaKaace BtitaTa- [ piienima jKHBOTt ? — JI, a ce ry6ii irl, Raima SiaropaTb. Hhto napaxopa, hiito HcejrbaHiinaTa ne naica neToniina hsthhkb ; | Haii-po6pHTt ctokii na nasapa h Han-poSpHTt Mtera bt> Tea- I Tpa ii KonnepTHHa caioHt ce pa3rpa6Barb oth ohiih, kohto P cx tohhh. Ako irbKOil He ni HaMtpn, to 3ary6aTa Bcivitora nje ii3..if)Kyisa HeroBRTa iieTonirocTB. ^a m Htiia Ta Kača opira yaryoa, kohto p;a HaatKVBa cxt.no iieToniiocTBTa ii HeMapun- BocTBTa y ptTeTO? — Ako p-Arera bt> onptptieHOTo BptMe He e totobo 3a pa3xopKa, HeKa ch oc r raHe bt. Kxinii, a er TOBa \ ipe 3ary6n 3a6aB„ieHiieT0. pl,pyr r b npnutpb e cnbpyeiii;HH: JI, r bTeTO nprneacaBa icy- TiiHica ct> pa3Hoo6pa3Hii iirpanKH, kohto nopnpt BcliKR nrpa ocTaBH pa3npT>cHaTii no 3eMHTa. MaincaTa npoMt inipti TOBa, 3anoB'l’,pBa Ha cjiyrriHHTa, pa e/i.6epe HtnpaTa (iirptiHKHTii). CneHcept riaicb Ka3Ba: ,,Manico, TBoara iri.BLiiiTaTejiHa ch- CTetvia He CTpyBa! EcTecTBeHo cjrfepcTBiie Ha T03H 6e3iiopa - p r BK r b e, pa ce tiapepari, trlnnaTa iioptipT, nrpaTa, ho TOBa TpiSBa pa HanpaBii caMOTO plvTe”. ipiTa oonnaTb pa TpoinaTT, ii pa ry 6 aTT> ntapiTa, koh¬ to hmt, ce pan ari,. Haup. MOiineTo, KaTO oiplaKC nprmtaTa, 3 aiy 6 Ba HoaineTo. Cnencept Ka 3 Ba: Bb T0311 c,iynaH He 6iiBa 22 TyTaKCH hobb hojkb Aa ee Ha6aBH, ho TpffiBa Aa ce i;a;>.e Ha .a.-feTeTO: ,,Tn He na3Hmt Hinnaia, kohto tii ce AaBaTB h kohto caMO cb iiapn MoraTB Aa ce Ha6aBHTB, aa TOBa Hfejia Bene hiiihjo iioaoSho Aa th ce A»Ae bb pspErfe!“ ToBa e ecTecTBeHOTO HaKa3aHtie, KoeTO me Bpa3yMii a^tcto no-CKopo, otkojikoto e^na ^B.ira uponoBfAt h,ih Aaace Snemie. /l,pyro A r kTe hbkb HaponHO CKi&CBa o6jrfuuioTo ch; TpM- Ba Aa ro HaKaaceiiB no eriv^eupia naniiHB: ,,ToBa oorhiao 6h MOffiaaB Aa ro hociihib om;e amto Bptiie, aKO Aa He of> ro CKi&caaB; ho noHeme tii ch ro CKi&ca.iB Bene otb iihhtb, caMO Aa ce CHaČAiiniB cb hobo, to ut na TaKOBa Aa bhaiiihb AO ToraBa, ao KoraTO m,Bine Aa Tpae oipe TOBa oo.tIvkjo; a tbh K aTo to e cera pa3ApaH0, to He 6iiBa Aa H3JiH3ainB na pa3- XOAKa, IIHTO Ha rOCTH.“ TfsH h'I>ko.iko npiiMtpii AOKasBaTB, ne KoraTO ce onpf- A^ih HaKaaauiieTo, H3iicKBa ce He chmo npocro OAjrMBatie, ho h jioranecKO MiicjOHiie. Mhoto aeciia paooTa e, noAiipr- BcfeKO eAHO BJOAbajnie Aa ncyBaiHB iihh Aa B3HManiB Aaace npBHKa h Aa 6neinB btthohh it k;i ; ho bbiipocbtb e, Aa mi T aKHBa HaKaaaHHa cm upnpoAeHB aACKiiari, 1 ' na caMoro A'bn- CTBiie h Aa jih cb rbxi. ce nocTHrea iplrir/ra? Eahiib 6ain,a AaBaiB HacraBacHiiH Ha BB3pacTHiia ch h pa3Ba.ieHB chhb 3a irhKaiaia Bana h ynoT])t>6HBa.:rb npn Tyfr BCHHKaTa ch Mopajma HHAHrHan,HH, KaTo ce nocTaBHJiB bb eAHa rpaHAH03Ha nosa. Chhbtb ro c.iyma.iB ao eAHO Rpf.MC cbbc^mb paBHOAyiHHO h anaTHHHO ce AtpavajiB, Ka r ro ne ih T oša He ce OTiiacaio ao Hero, a iiaft-noAHpf. viy OTroBopnaB CBBCfeMB MIipHO H XJiaAHOKpBBHO : „3a AHeCB CTHra T0JIK03B; yTpf MOJKemB Aa npoABjrataBaiHB". IIoahpb TOBa toh ce oČBpHajiB h ocTaBiMB 6am;a ch— nponoBtAHHKB ycaM0T6HB bb CTaHTa. — TaKa mii pa3Ka3Baine caviiiH oaipa (ILnoBAtiBna- hhhb), kohto ce mhoto onjiaKBanie aa ceraimnrrt HeMy ne- npHHTHii BpbjieHa n npocjiaBjHBaine cTapnrf BpfMeHa, Kora- to 6fxMe oipe noAB TypcKOTO uro h Kora r ro Tonrara H6MH- jiocthbo nocTiirBaine h ro.if.MHH n Mavrena. CjifACTBHHTa otb iipiipoAHHTf HaKasaHiiH cav BcliKora noji30TBopHH; npf.3B TfxB A'feTeTO Moace oipe otb paHO Aa ce CAo6ne cb onpf Af aeHH iiohhtihi— tbh Aa KaateMB—3a iipn- HHHaTa h cjrfeACTBiieTO. EcTecTBeHOTO HaKa3aHiie, HanoateHO no JioniHCCKii HamiiiB, OToapji o n inf. Ha At/reTo, h to caMO 23 ya .eani,a #a mhcjih ii 3aKJiioHaBa no cjrIyiyeni,HH naMiurb: at;o jih HanpaBa TOBa, Tora3i> me Me enoaeTii e/ui khkbo ch. H TOBa e j,o6p r fe, 3a KoeTo ii JleccmirT. ita3Ba: ,,Haii- rojiIiMaTa rpiniKa, kohto ce ejiynBa npn B r jb3iiiiTaHiieTo e Taan, ho MJia^eatHT-fe He ce HaBHKBaTt Aa nopa3MHc,iioBaT'b“. — Oho- b a ulrre, itoeTO ce BT>3oiiTaBa TaKa papnoHaiiHO, um hmh np^H HiiiBOTa ch upaBHJiHo noBe^eHi-ie, noHeate e H3ynBajio npaBH- jaTa no ecTecTBeHB h ^ocTsneHb Heiiy HaniiHb, a He no eyx r b ne^aroninecKH mcto^h npisH HlncaKBii H3KycTBenn, a H^Kora h HeHejioBinecKH HaKasam-iH, bt> koiito m-iKora nf>Ma A& sadijrfejKH nncTaTa eiHnecna H^ea Ha cnpaBejuHBOCTbTa. Ot-b ca>io ce6e ch ce pa36npa, ne upu TaKiiBa HaKa3aHiia OTHoineHiiaTa MejK,a,y .nimaTa h po^HTejniTt He c* TaiaiBa, KaKBHTo 6 h Tp r L6Ba.io ja 6x^aT r b. ToBa caMO e oipe Bbnpocb: iiaKb TpiSBa r ra3H Merama na ecTecTBeHa peaKUHH sa ce ynoTpI.6aBa npn iio-KpynmiTi npicT^iiaeHHa ? Ha TOBa CneHcepn o-rroBapa tlh : npi,a,H bchhko aKO npn B'b3nHTamieT0 na /H^ara otb MJiajaiTt ro- SHHii nocTj&nBaTe Tana, KaKTO ro H3HCKBa Ta3H 0TT> Bora onplijvkaeHa MCTO^a, ToraBa KpyiiHirr r fe nptcT&naeHHa He me ce H3BT>pttrBaTB tojiko3t> necTO; ho aito jih ce HBBbpiHBaTT), TpidBa ,na nocT&iiiiTe no Haniinn, kohto e Haii-ecTecTBeHT>. /I,a B3eMeMT> Hanp. KpaaiGaTa. KaiiBO nimo e ecrecTBeHOTO eaiflCTBHe ott> KpaatSaTa? IltpBO TpfeČBa ^a ce B'b3Harpa,a;H meTHTa, t. e. hiii TpfedBa oTKpasHaTiiaTt nptflMeTB ce noBbpHe o6paTHo, hjih aico e noxapnen'b, ,a,a ce HaSaBii ,a,pyr'b ott> CAHipiTa ctohhoctb. Tona TpiČBa /m HanpaBH fl^Tero ci» co6cTBeHHT r fe ch napil, kohto My ce AaBaTi, khto no^apBKT), 3a #a cnecTHBa, hjiii TpMBa /m ce OTHiniaTb ot'b HeroBHTi HyjK,a,H, Karo My ce OTK^cne irkmiMKo, thb ih;oto fliTeTo m vet/m. ToBa e irnpBOTO nenocptACTBeHo catfl- CTBiie; a nocptscTBeHOTO ii h a H-Mai hh o um 6s^e r roBa, ne ^,'i r reTO BCjrfe^cTBHe Ha TOBa iipicrainjieHne ry6n HaiaoHHOCTb- Ta ii jnoSoBbTa Ha po,a,HTeJiHTi ch. II pa36npa ce, ocTpoTara Ha Tona ainao, ne e nagnano bt HCMHJiocTb iipi^n BbBJiio&iie- HHffe ch 6aui;a h Manna, me yc]f}Tii cano OHOBa jvfeTe, KoeTo e BTjBIIIITaHO IIO TaKbBTj HaHHIIb, KaKTO ro IIBHCKBa papno- Ha.maTa ne^arorunecKa cucTeMa. A y alvreTO, KoeTo pacTe npn nenpIiCTaHHH ricyBHii h ohhhiiii, um 6ayie nocpIvmTBe- hoto hjih HenocpiflCTBeno cjrliacTBiie Ha itpaaioaTa natcb ooh, ko Sto eptmcTBeHO ro 3acTpainaBa, 3aipoTo ce oraaca po Hero- BaTa Koaca, kohto caaa My ciyacH KaTO ,,ycfeTHTejieHB“ opraHB. CaSflOBaTe.iHO MeTopara Ha ecTecTBeHaTa peaKpiiH Moace ja ce npucnocoSaBa n Ha no-Jientii h na no-TeatKH naKa3a- tc.ihu ; Ta e epnHCTBe 11 a r ra, kobto ipe 0 TMaxHe 3a BciKora aomaTa Kopa ott> MirapHTf) cupppa. flBHa HCTHHa e, ae cypoBOCTBTa BciKora ipe paaipa cypoBocTH, a HCTBHaeHOCTb- r ra — b eh ko ra HCTBHueHOCTH. 'Faia-iBa pipa, kkmk kohto po- piiTeiHTt imh y L iHTejiHT r li ce oTHacHTt 6e3T) BclvKt) cupppe, H6 ipe HMaTi. HHKora h cBpppa. KaKTO bb pBpacaBaTa, TaKa h bb yan.impeTO h bb ciMencTBOTO tbbpphhtb pecnOTH3MB nopno- Mara, pa ce jseiiHuaBaTB iipheTAUirnirh Aha a 11 B.iophftcTna, kohto toh HCKa pa sarbiiae. John Locke Ka3Ba: , ,rojrhMaTa CTporocTb Ha HaKasanneTO HaHaca uo-roiiMH sumu bb BB3nn- TaHneTO, otkohroto MerKOCTBTa. H a3B Miic.na, ae ohhh pipa, koiito c Nl HaS-MHoro 6hth, pipKO ipe CTaHaTB po6pn xopa.“ CarpoTo yTBBpacAaBa n CneHcepB, h bb cBrnacue cb Hero Rogers, CBCipeniiKB bb IleHTOHBHJicKHa 3aTBopB, HaBOJKpa hSrohko (JiaftTH, KaTO Ka3Ba, ae ohhh Mnapn ;s.iopinpH, kohto 6ixa apisB fmeHiie HaKa3BaHH, cicopo poSpoxa Ha3apB bb 3aTBopa. He ipe OBMiiii-me, ae MoparbTB caMO ToraBa ipe ce noprnaie, KoraTo He caMO yMBTB ce ii36hctph, ho KoraTO npn BB3iiHTaHHeT0 ce A , hScTByBa csrpo h BBpxy ayBCTByBa- rnieTo—BBpxy CBpppeTo. He TOBa Moace aecHO pa ce Hapepn, nocoaBa De Arnicis bb npiKpaeHOTo en CBaHHeHHe ,,Il CuoreJ bb KoeTo Tp r h6Ba pa npoHHKHe cb BcnaiiaTa cn pyma Bci- koh epHHB 6aipa h yaHTenb, kohto He 6naa pa miichatb, ae c;& piiniuiii Beae 3apaaaTa ch, KaTO c& btbhhhjhi bb rna- BHTi Ha cbohtS BB3nHTaHHpii rojikoto e BB3MoacHO noBeae adcTpaKTHH m a t e m aT h a c ckh fJ)opMyjiH, HCTopiiaccKU ropimn, HMeua Ha pacTeHiia p <()opMH Ha HeiipaBraHiiTi aaraHCKH h rpBpKH rnaroiri, a cspdi^ama hmb ca octebhjih nycTH KaTO Caxapa hhh xaapHH KaTO nojiapana HepB. Aro npn TaKOBa cy- xo h adcTpaKTHo BB3riHTaHiie ce noRaa^e HyacpaTa 3a HaKasa- Hne, ToraBa, paefinpa ce, ppyro HaKasaniie He me 6i&pe yM r hcT- HO, OCBlfjHB H3KyCTBeH0T0, MexaHHHeCKO, (|)H3HHeCK0 HaKa3a- mie, KoeTo HHKora He e nopurHajio Mopaaa, hhto ipe Moate HiKora pa ro nopiirne. no Haairaa na HaKasanneTO cb CneHcepa ce CBrnacHBa cz&ipo h Pycco (Rousseau), T03H npiKaaeHB oSoataTeab Ha — 25 — npnpo^aTa. Ton Ka3Ba : ,,Ha 3 Ptgto He TpPČBa HHKora 3 ,a ce 'lajale HaicaaaHHeTo KaTo HaKa3aHHe, ho TpPŽBa BcpKora 3 a Aiy 30 xoat 3 a KaTO ecTecTBeno cjiPscTBiie Ha HeroBOTO 3ao3pa- HHe.“ Pycco npHBoasja MHoro npiiMppii bb cboh ,,£11™!)“, 3 a KoeTO cBHiiHemie BnponeMB rpe Kanca, ne He Moace -ta ce chh- ra KaTo a 6 coxyTeHB p&K 0 B 03 HTeJH> npn BB3niiTamieT0. r. A. Jlundnept, moh hokoohb ottbtttb y'iHTe.'ih no <(>HJioco<(>HHecKaTa apone,a;eBTiiKa bb Celje (Cilli), mhoto 3 o 6 pP Kasa bb e^Ha otb aeKpiiHTi en: ,,BB3nHTaHHeTo a la Pycco (Emile) He e no 3 xo 3 ain;e 3 a»ce h 3 a KHaacaeTa." Ho ne HMa otaPjihi-i xy- 6 aBlI BB3[iHTaTCJHIl H/lCJl BB ,,EmH. 1 B“, SaTOBa He m,e HHKaKBO CBMHpHHe. $h.ioco(1)btb KaHTB (Kant) e napTiusaminB Ha ecTecTBe- hoto, a He Ha H3KycTBeHOTO HaKa3aHHe ; toh Ka3Ba, ne OHOBa HaKasaHHe e HancTima ecTecTBeHO, KoeTo hcjiobPkb caMB ch npriBinna npp 3 B CBoeTo noBe^eHHe. KaKTO CneHcepB, TaKa h KaHTB OTXBBpaa (|)M 3 ;niecEHTt> HaKa 3 aHiia, kohto siv cayacaTB cano 3a ^onB,meHHe Ha MopaaHHTp. Toii Ka3Ba: ,,$H3miecKH- tP HaKa 3 aHiia TpPoBa caMO 3a ca poriBJiHCHiie Ha MopaiHHTp; ai-to nocjiPflHiiTp iiaKaaaHiia He noiiorHaTB hhie,o h ce npn- CTanil KBMB (jf)H3HHeCKHTp, TO naKB Hpp 3 B tPxb HpMa fla ce o6pasyBa HiiKaKB bb 306BPB xapaKTepB.“ Tarama Haicasamia, cnope^B KaHTa, paac3aTB paGcrai HpaBH (indoles servilis). Xep6apm% caipo bb CBraacne cb CneHcepa roBopn: ,,IIeAarorHHecKHTp HaKa3amia ce CTpeMHTB, 3 a ce 3 onp;sTB, KOJIKOTO e BB3M03KH0, nQ-TpCHO 3,0 eCTeCTBeHHTp CJ 1 P 3 CTBHH Ha flPiiCTBuaTa.” Ha 3 pyro mPcto naKB roBopn: ,,lle 3 arorH- necKOTo HaKa 3 aHiie r rpP 6 Ba, kojikoto e bbbmojkho, 3 a H 36 Pr- Ba n03HTHBH0T0 n CBoeBOjrHOTO, a 3 a ce npii 3 pyacaBa, kojiko¬ to e BB3M0HCH0, KBMB eCTeCTBeHHTp CJ 1 P 3 CTBHH Iia HeJIOflpHG- ckiitP /it.ia; 3ain,0T0 TyKB TpP 6 na bb 3 n iit aHHKBTB mhoto pa- ho 3 a ce ynaTH kbmb TaitaBa nocoKa, bb kohto toh, upn no-roariiMa oiihthoctb ii npn iiOBemco iiOBpPsm 3 a Moace ca- miihbkb j,a HaMppu ii,y»th.“ Casino KaTo Herbart roBopn ii Niemeper: ,,Be 3 B bcPko cBMHpmie TpisGiia rrpPnii bchhko 3 a ce nplsiiopMHBaTB h no-necTO 3 a ce npiuiaraTB ohhh naKa3a- TejiHii cpp 3 CTBa, koiito Haii-MHoro ce 3 o 6 jniavaBaTB kbmb ecme- cmeeuumft cjtidcmeusi na diucmeuama: tP c,y, noapaaiainie na npnpo 3 aTa!,, Bain ce npMCBe3iiHHBa, ko.ikoto ce OTHaca 30 HaKa3a- HneTO, cbBciMb KbJit npHHn,nna Ha npoMjina Bentham, kohto e Hape/uiib cbohth HaKa3aTe.raa cncTena TaKa, ne OTi) Hea hcho ce BHHtAa, ne iic-Ka Aa ce AaAe np-tsb HaKa3a- HIieTO A^kHCHMIIH aTpHOJTI, Ha HAeHTa Ha CnpaBOAJIHBOCTbTa, h HaKa3amieTO Aa nonpaBii BiiHOBHiiKa, a Apjrurli a a sanjiam- Ba. HeroBaTa ac(|)hhiiii,hh 3a ipkibTa na HaKaaamieTo e toh- Ha h ocHOBHa ; toh noApodno pa3JiimaBa ohiih c.iy. Bb eaMHTi HaKasaHiia toii npaBH thhkii ncn- XOAOrHHeCKH pa3JIHHHH, KOHTO C5I Aa.ieHb OTb BCfeKOH Henpn- poAeHb h aocTpairnarb AOKTpiiHapii3bMb. Ziller cAiipo pa3c,YbKAai!a .m noro Tpe3Bemio 3a Hanasa- HHHTa M toh e npoTHBb ohiih naKa3aHHH, kohto CueHcepb napima ,,BapBapcKii“ Kara mirne : ,,He cano Tpi6Ba Aa ce H3KjnoHaTb cTporHTi cTeiieHH 3a HaKasamieTo usooipo — Koe- to 3a majiocTb mhoto KbCHo ce pa36pa Bb canaTa Teopun— ho h mapo h cpiAne-B^KOBHaTa cypoBOCTb Ha TisecmiTi Ha- KaaaHHH TpiSfia a& OTnaAiie Aaace n npn Haft-MaaAirri Abn,a.“ Ha Apyro MliCTO toh roBopn Miioro Ao6pb, x ie na i; Hranite, KoeTO He npaBH HHKaKBO BrieHaTJiemie, e 6e3iyLiHO. Nagelsbucli Bb oTHomemie KbMb HaKa3amieT0 e eAHHb neAarorb OTb no-ocTbpb TOHb. A3b He .nora miKai«, Aa ce npucbeAHHH KbMb Hero, khto toii yTBbp3KAasa Ha nbpBO Mi¬ cro j ne HaitasaHneTo HMa ABoatta ipLib : OTMbipoHHe n cTpaxb. KaTo Ha eAHHb neAarorb 6h npiLiimaiio Aa ny oavu; iibp- BaTa h Han-BHcoKa iph.ib nonpaeumejma; a oTiibipemieTo h CT pasbTb TpifiBa Aa osag-—K atero KaoBa mhoto xy6aBO Betke — iVkibTa Ha HaKa3aHHero Bb BoiicKa r ra n Bb Af>P*aBaTa, a HiiKaKb Bb ymuiHiu;eTo h ciMencTBOTO. — Toh (Nagelsbach) BaiHHTHBa h t h.iecHOTo HartaiaHiie, noHeate e yacb onpaBAaHO x ipf)3b consensus gentium Tona e hcthhh, ho asb npnoa- BHMb ,,rudis" consensus*), itoero ne imate miKora Aa ce cmrra Ka r ro eAna caintn,im Ha bchhkhtT Meso b inecKH AyxoBe. H a3b npii3HaBaMb, ne TiaecHOTo naKa3aHiie e HysiAHO, ho c-aMO 3a rpy6o o6in;ecTBO, 3a Koero Ph m,i h h h hb t h e iiMaab naoBa- HHeTo ,,rudis“; ho cera cTaBa Bbupocb: TpioBa m x ieao- B'IiKb Aa CTOH upf)3b BCHHKHTi B r feK0B6 Ha CSipaTH IIHCKa CTeneHb, a^to KHyTbTb BiaAbe, urin iibKb 'rpi6Ba Aa ce c r rpe- ') ^rpjfSo" cbrjiacsBaimo (Ha napo^niJ;). 27 mh KbMb no-BHcoKa cTeneHb ? — Niigelsbach, enopepb MeHb, i.eto eanpmmKb Ha rbaecHOTo HaiabsauHe, mm a caMo poHbiipb iipaBo, noHeate ma HaHCTHHa oayaaH, pbro yHHTejibTb no- ayaaBa p-hipa, kohto BCjrbpCTBHe na cbBeiMb HeneparorHne- ckh h paste 6pyTaami iioctamikh Bb pa3Hii cfeMeficTBa, ctoh- igH Ha epHa HHCKa CTeneHb, c* 3aT&n r b.iH 3a bc^ko no-TbiiKO mo- paaHO HaKa3aHHe; TaKHBa ,^ r l>u;a ptžcTBHTeaHO vaiiTejbrb Mo¬ ste caMO cb ocTpn neparorHnecKH cpbpcTBa pa o6y3pae h pa ra HanpaBii hocj^hihh h cm pofipo noBepeHiie. Ho ci&rgHH- CKHHTb yHHTejib-ne 1 a,aror'b ipe nacTOima, pa ii36aBH TaKHBa HHCKO CTOHipn Bb MOpajIHO OTHOHieHHe C,V.ipCCTRa OTb OHIIH MpaHHM HH30CTH H pa TH pOKapa PO nO-BHCOKO Mopamo no- aoHceHne, pbTO ige Moace ycnimHO h 6e3b ocipn neparora- necKii cpipcTBa pa pMcTByBa, pa Bb3nH’raBa h pa o6ynaBa. TbjiecHOTo HaKaaaiiHe Bb h^koh cayaaM mojkc pa e noTpiGHO; ho to TpbdBa pa CTaBa Bce no-Majiito iivikpho, a Haft-nopupb paste h h3.ipihiho. TptČBa pa ce npH3Hae o6ane Tyfi, ne Niigelsbach mho- ro yMHO n BHHMaTejiHO ripacriocoGaiia cBOirrfc HaKaaaima Ha OTpblHH HaKa3aTejIHH ptflCTBHH H Me TOII IJpH3HBBa, MaKapb MbJiHiimKOMb, itonpaiMiTC,ma r ra pbjib Ha iiai;a;iaiiMeTO, eamoTO ];a3Ba, ae TbaecHOTo HaKa3amie Tpb6Ba pa pMcTByBa Ha czpdi^emo, a ne Ha -MecoTo. ^a cBbprna cera cboh KpaTbKb npiraepb cb emrnb OTb HaH-npoHyTHTb ueparosH Ha BCHHKHrfe BbitoBe — Jan Amos Komenski/. 3a Hero, Karo ueparorb OTb Haa-HiiCTO itanecTBO, HaitasaimeTo hme cemo nonpaBHxe.ma n, r kib, — KoeTO e HaiiM- ho ecTecTBeHO ; to e Jibicb, kopito ce paBa na 6ojihiih cb MHCTOTa H OTKpOBeHOCTb, 3E pa 03ppEB r ke. Tofl KE3BE : ,,Ha- KacanneTO TpbdBa 6e3b TpeBorn, 6e3b nriiBb n yMpa3a pa cc H3BbpniBa cb TaicaBa raicTOTa h OTKpOBeHOCTb, ih;oto 011311, na KoroTO ce Hajiara, pa paaGepe, ne HaKaaaHiieTO ce H3Bbp- ihbe cb GaupiiHCKa rpnaca sa HeroBOTO po6po; n tom TphSBa pa ro npiieMe cb c&npoTO jBiptoHiie, kekto ce upneMa Bb 60- aecTbTa epHiib ropHHBb xanb, kopito abiiapbTb e iipt>pnncajib.“ Csugo h KoMeacKH ne ypo6pfnsa crporiiT-fe naiaioamia, koiito cnopepb Hero TpfeoBa pa ce ynoTpb6aBaTb pbpito, Bb H3iaio- HHTeaHH cTyHan h Bcbnora TbS, igoro cTporocTbTa pa 6&pe, KOJIKOTO e Bb3M0JKH0, npOHIIKHETa OTb HIOOOBb HIH OTb eTII- Hecica iipea he 6.,’iaroBoaeHHeTO. Toft hh paBa epua nnaeTH- 28 HHa KapTiraa, Kast TptoBa sa ce HaKa.3Ba ; toii rame Taica : ,,Koh e BiiiK/iajTb H r feifora, ne BJiaTapiiHtTt ct> caMOTO 6neHe MOJKe sa H3paooTri nfeitoe xyoaBO npoii3BeseHne? TaKOBa esuo npoLi3Be/pjHEie Moace no-aecHO sa ce nojryHn apTat jrfcene, otkoikoto Hp-fe3i> HyitaHe; ho aKO ocTaHe Hitpo hbjuihiho ran He Hyac^,Ho sa beicii ott> cTpaHa Ha np-fesMeTa, to xysoHCHiiRT>T r h H^Ma s a ysapn ct> x iyria Btpxy Hero, a me ce cTapae, sa ro 0TK.30HII CT> TtHtKT. HHCTpyMeHTT>, TUBI H^e TO OTIIHJIH, H JI H ct> Krimu me ro OTCTpaHii; a Haii-nosupt oipe me iraraasii Ta3ii HacTB. Hhh ToraBa sa He mhc.immt., ne HeaoBfeKt, kohto e aiiKa npmiHKa Ha hciibhh Borb — ci&mecTBO pa3yMHo, sa ce BB3HHTaBa ii ycT>BTjpiiieHCTByBa HpT3b cjrfina rpy6ocTb.“ KaKBa BHcoi-ta HCTima ce Kpiie bt> thh np^itpacmi syMii! — Tbii KaTo Bene cnoMeHax'B, khkbo y t iHTT> eTHKaTa ii nesa- roniHTa sa HaKa3aHiieT0 ii npnBesox , b MHimMTa na hTkoh npo [ iyTii (|)iiaoco(|)i'i ii yBaataeMii nesaro3H, HeKa mh 6xse no3BoaeHO. sa cnoneHa orpe hTkoit caynaH ott> HaKa3aHiieT0 n HeroBOTO sMcTBiie Btpxy yHeHiin,HT , fe otb CBOHTa 25-rosn- HiHa yHHTeacKa npaKTHKa. KoraTo e TpifiBaao sa ce HaKa3Ba, iicKpeHo iipHBHaBaMt, ne Bc^Kora cbmt. cniiTajit Ta3n sasana 3a ms™ h Heiipn- STHa. Oipe Kaio 6 r fexT> soMainent yHHTeii>, np^SH sa nocTisna bt> yHiiBepciiTeTa, iiMax , b pa6oTa ct bt>3 iiHTaHimH otb pa33iiHHH ciMeftcTsa: hhhobH iine ckii , TtproBCKH, no-6oraTH, no-fitsHH, apacTOKpaTHHecKH, BoeHHi-i ii np. ToraBa e TpTSBaao sa B3e- MaMT> BctKora npfest biist> o6m,ecTBeHOTo nojioaceHiie h so- ManiHOTO BtsnHTaHHe Ha Maasna BtBTTiiTamiKt, oxnjo h He- roBaxa iiHsiiimsya.iiiocTi>, itoeTo e raaBHO Htipo Tipu oipfeHa- BaHe r ro BiiHaTa, h cto6pa3Ho ct> bciihko TOBa sa Haaoaca Ha- KasamieTO, npist KoeTo sa Mora sa cnoiyHa piatTa, a He sa orase, iiaKTO Ka3BaTt „Ha B^Ttpa". Cerarfe KaTo cTaHaxt yHirre3b, Tp r fe6fia sa npranaH, ne B&iiKora mh e 6mo no-aerKO sa o6yHaBaMt, HejKean sa BtsniiTaBaMt, ii to cnrypHO Tora¬ Ba, KoraTo ce Kacaeme so naKa3aHiraTa. IIpii TOBa TpiČBa sa 6^seniT> symeBHO cnoKoemb; bt> a(|)eKTa ran saate bt. CTpacTBTa sa HaKa3BamT> yHeniiKa, TOBa e BciiKora nomo, no- Heace HaKa3aHiieT0 me 6i&se npndtpsaHO h hb bt>hp esHO He- cnpaBesaiiBO. A iicraojioriiHecKri e mhoto mshho, sa 3ana3iinrb syrneBH0T0 paBH0B'fcene, KaTo HMamt npis^ ohhtT ch rpy6oTO HapyineHiie Ha iipaBiiaHHKa ran Ha saKOHa; a to e toikobh 29 — iio-TeiKKo, kojikoto iio-toimo Mopajino nyBCTB0 upiiTeHiaBamb. CtBcfcirB x.ia;i,iioi;pT>BHO, cbraacHO cb MH r feHiieTO na otjhhhh ne^aroaii, yHHTejibTb He 6iiBa HHKora Aa HaKasea; ho Tpi6- Ba ^.a 6s^e npoHHKHaTb OTb Mopajraa HHAiirHaii,im riopa/in A r McTBiieTO, KoeTO TpF6Ba a a ce HaKaa?e. Ho ipoMb HejioBiKb e Mopamo HH^HrHiipaHb, toh me cTaHe—ocočeHo ano inia no- JKHBb to m 11 epa m chti, —noBene imii no-iiaaKO Bb3HeroAyBaHb, h ToraBa mhoto ,iecHo me ce paŠKJtaTH symeBHOTo paBHOBtcue. A cera TpFČBa Aa oiipiAFaHinb HaKasaHneTo, KoeTo Aa 6x,a;e eeTecTBeHa peaKn,HH Ha cajioTo A'kftcTBne n cbo6pa3Ho cb hh- AHBH r T,ya.iHOCTbTa na naKa3yeMH}i, 3a Aa Moate ^McTBiiTemo Aa ro nonpaBii, a npn TOBa Tojse HeroBHTi ;i,pyrapii Aa nep- naTb OTb Hero Mopamia noji3a. Bb yHHBepcHTe r ra caymaxb cb roffbMO HacjrajKAenHe h cb ocoSeHb HHTepecb xyoaBHT'fc npTnoAaBaHiifl no rie^aronra, iiciixo.iorn}i h eTirea, n npfntbJHetn. cb xy6aBii HayKn n HAen BCT*nnxb Ha npaKTHHecKaTa noHBa — a a yHiiTe.ncTByBa.Mb. He ce MHHa ,\riioro BpFMe, n asb ydjTiixb MJSHHOTHHTa, ;ui ce iipnaaraTb cneHejniHirrfe HayKH n iiAenjui Bbpxy ota^-uhe KOHK peTHH CJIVHRH Bb V'UT.HlUieTO, n ToraBa 3axBaHaxb a,a pa36npaMb ,H,yMHT r li Ha Gothe: ,,HHKora h HiirA r k b& a& ih cbeAHiiimib, HHKora n mir/i/fe ceimzmz u udejuizim u . *) Ko- ra’ro ycnlixb cb HaKa3aHiieT0 Aa BiniKiia ao CbpApeTO n Aa nonpaBa BiiHOBHHKa, Bciicora yc'tin;axb n ycfcmaMb paAOCTb II BibTpiHIIHO CnOKOHCTBHe. MeatAy mhojkgctboto cay'ian ipc 3a6 r fe.i’feiKa cano eAHHb: Bhxa ce Ao6jnuKH.ni naniiTurfe Bb IIioBAiiBCuaTa MSJiuia rHMHa3HH np'Ji3b 1886 toa. ToraBa BptMenaTa 6txa 6ypHn, kohto 6ypH0CTb ce oTpasiiBame h MejKAy jnemimiTt. KaKTo Ka3Ba Hliuuiepb Bb cbohtT „Pa36oHHnn;H“: ^Fa^to bchhkii o6h- naTb, TaMb ( t>paiin r b He MOJKe Aa Mpa3ii“; ra k a 6 h mo ra o a a ce Kante mutatis mutandis: ,,FA'hTO bchhko ce Bb.iHyBa, TaMb h ITRAirb He MOJKe a a 6 ,YiAC ciioiioeHb. 1 ' 3aT0Ba HMaxMe Ha- peAb hFkohko yqeHHHecKH 6yHT0Be, h eABaMb eAHHHHTb ce no- TyniBa, Bene APJTTMTb nomiitBa. ToraBa hIjkoii otf> npyrapirrf> mh iicitaxa Aa npraaraTb nptiHmina Ha 3aii.iaiuBaHeT0 n Ha OTMbinemieTO, GaipoTo Bb 6ypiniTf> upi,Mena tF, HMaxa n O . Nie and nirgends wirst du sie vereinen, Nie and nirgends Welt und Ideal “ Gothe. — 30 .hhmhh pasupaBHii cb oT^h.i ntT 6ypmi ayx 0 Be. Ho noReneTO ott> tFxb cs aadpaBium, ne TyKB TptSBa aa HMa h ecTecTBeHo naKaaaHiie; a koh e T03ii ciioco6b ? Moace aa 6&ae asoHKB : napi aa ce no^McTBjBa Ha yneHHii;nT'fe, aa ce ycnoKOHTB ayxoBeT;k, npl,3B pasjmnHH HacraBJieuHa, npn kohto ce npn- BO>K/iaT'i> npHM-hpH otb noaoČHH enoxn y apyrn Hapoan, mn— KoeTO e oipe no-ecTecTBeHO—aico ne HCKaTB aa ce HaBHKHaTB na peaa, aa ce TypaTB bb TaKOBa noaoaceHHe, a r &To HMa CTporB peaB. IIpHM r fepH 3a pa3BBJiHyBaHH ayxoBe e hmsjio h bb 1’epM.annii bb BpiMeHaTa Ha o c b o 6o,acaeHHCT o (Freiheits- kampfe), KoraTO cTyaeHTHT r ](i 3a6paBnxa bchhko, KoeTO OTroBapa Ha T r fexHaTa 3aaana, a ce 3aji0Biixa caMo cb noHHTHnecKH naeii h cb MJia^eatcKo BBoayine bjichuc 3amHin;aBaxa Haeaia Ha CBofio^aTa h Ha CBC^iurenHeTo Ha repMamra. Ho thh jsj - xoBe ce ycnoKonxa, naio ce B3exa cBOTB r krcTByein,H mFpkh, kohto M - (ipKii csihhtI, ayxoBe bb nocai^emHrfe (jpaan caMir yao6psBaxa. BxopaTa otb cnoMeHaraTk M r fcpKH — no npuuy- sjcdenue da ce naynu napedz —ce npraaranie cirp-hMo BB36yHTy- BainiTi, yHeHiin,ii Ha naoB^HBCKaTa ti apyj’H rHMHa3HH no Ta- kbbb namiHB, KaTO ce B3exa nf,Kon bb pedoeemi? na eou- CKama. Cb TOBa ce yaoBJieTBopHBaTB bb H3B r fecTHa cmhcbsb h rie^aroninecKaTa cipaHa na BBnpoca h 3aKOHHT r fe Ha CTpaHaia, kohto ce KacaaTB so HOBodpamptrk Om,e e^HHB nprorfepB, kohto ne e toiko3b otb o6mB xapaKTepB, ho ce Kacae jmnrro ao Mene. Kara ce pa3aaaoxa CBiut.Te,icTBaia bb Kpaa Ha yne6HaTa 1886/87 nvi., Mencav CTOTHHa moh yneHHn,H ce naMf.pH eaHHB— B., kohto He 6F- ine o.iaroaapeiiB otb SFiFacKaTa ch no ncHxojiorHHTa. Toh, Ka- to noayHH CBHaiTejicTBOTO, noTBpcH eaiiHB yao6eHB cjrynaH,. a r feTo Moace ca mi, aa ce eplnune cb mchb Ha Kopnaopa; h ea~ BaMB saxBaHa cbohth HHTepneaaipra, aoxoacaa noanpB He- ro (vuiiib otb apvrapmii mv T. u KaTO ny, no khkbbb Ha- hhhb B. ce pacnpaBH cb Mene, BB3MyTH ce h ce H3np!>HH Hacpluna My cb ajMHrfj: ,,KaKBO e TOBa 6e3o6pa3He, KoeTO BBpniHniB ? HiiMa He 3HaemB, ne th ch eaHHCTBeHira bb oaca, kohto HHKora He 6k npnroTBHjiB ypoKa ch, h 3aTona ao- maTa tii 6Fa&Ka e HanBjiHO cupaBeaMBa !“ nocaF B. ce o0BpHa kbmb MeHe cb ayMHTF : „Moih Bh ce, TOCnOaHHB VHH- Teaio, H3BiiH'liTe 3a SeenoKoflcTBHOTO, KoeTO toh Bii e Hanpa- BHJIB, a asB caMB nje ce panripaBH cb Hero.“ — Bej-hacinne 31 Ha TOBa aab cxi OTH r xoxb ; iro KaKbBb HauHKT ce pasripaBii- xa, ne 3Haa. — Cb tosii ejyuait asb ncKaxb ca.\io noco- na, ne ipoMb ce iiocrunBa ciipaBejtuiBO ct yHeHHn,[rrb, to h ohhh, koiito mhcihtt, ne c,v. oiionpaB,pum, ni,e na.vrhpjrrb HjaiTinrrl, ctjbIjtii Meayiy caMirr.fi ch ;i,pyrapii. M TOBa e e^HH-b BH/pb—fla He Kaate.\ib—ecrecTBeHo HaKasaHiie 3a yue- HHKa, ho e Mopa,:iHO yAOBieTBopeHrie 3a yuiiTeiH. (A. E.) H Taica CB'bpmBaxie. Hun a»eiaHXMe, cnopeAT ciaoiiTf, hh cimi, ,ia pa3HCHii.\n> ott> eranecKa n iieparoniaeoKa rie/ura tou- i:a toh To.iKO.Tb BavKeHb Bbiipocb 3a HaKaaainieTo. IIpl>Acxa- Biixiie TVKi), Kata. Miiciarh no T03H Bbnpocb hIikoh ott ripo- HyTHT'l') (|)iliococ|hi n ne,i,aro3ii, n pa3npaBHXMe ,HBa eij-oan, e^imb o6hj,t h e;niH r b uacTeHb, ott. coGcnsenaTa yHHTei- ciia npaKTHita. Ott bcjihko TOBa ripoibUHaa, ne poptiTCJiirh n BbBniiTaTe.iHTh rpMBa Bcbitora cepii03H0 aa oomhcjihtt iia- KaaamieTO, a Himora ji a ue naKaiBaTb 'rana hcoGmhciciio. Hs- BhCTHO e, KOIKO MSHHO hIiIJO e' BbSBIITaHiieTO ; HO H HIIKOH H r I.Ma ^a OTKaiKe, ne to e BT>3BiiHiena 3a;ui'ra. r : I,a B’b3iniTaBa n o6yuaBa 3Hae no CBoexiy h e;aim. CTapimi ra f|>ea;ii|)C- oe.ib, ho 3Hae no CBoeMy n e/uirri, Herbart ran e/puri, Lind- ner. Pa3.niKaTa e Ta3ii, ne iibpBiiTb ncnan, ?ui BT>3nHTaBan> TjTireiain po6e, 3ani;oTO n caMirrh cr Taiansa : a BTopirrb /Uia- Ma B'b3niiTaBaTT> .ivnieBiio C8o6odHOMUCJiMUt,u, noHeaie n ca- MiiTb c,v. ,iymeBiio cbogotiih ii npocBf.Teiiii; Tb no3HaBa r rb /iynieBHiia ikiibott ii 3iiaa r r r b biicokiit - !. eTiiaecKH ii^enjiii. MaKapn ne B'b3nirraHHeTO e mrhtih satana, xo naicb me ch ocTane, ,3,0 KaTo mia ueaoBbuecicH po/pr, e^Ha ott Haii- BeiHHecTBeiniTb, HaH-BT.šBHineiiHTb n Hafi-CBCTirrfe Bačanu, KOIITO JIOHte l TO.IOB'fiK r b ,1» CII lipt.IOTaBII. H A+aiCTBIITejIHO npa- bo HMa Renan, koto i3nnTaHneT0 Ha napoja rpbGBa ce 3axBama ott, ibipvra, KaKTO TOBa mhoto xy6aB0 e iiocohh.it Tholuck ct CBoeTO H3pbueHiie: ,,H3 t sbrciiaTa CTan ce ynpaBiHBa CBbTTTT.“ M nocibflHOTO Bankinami«, kogto AamiiHrTOHb e ocTaBim, na cmtpthoto cii ibno, Karo aaiorb Ha cboh na- poflT, 61 '» : . Educate the people!" v\atiA/v\aaaa^-*-——- C^T.pacaHne. Cip. Ilptaucj OBne. 5 BtBe,a;eHHe. 7 KaKBO Himo e HaicaBaHHeTo. 9 Koh e uiafcTa Ha HaKa3aHHeTO.11 Kani TpiSBa #a ce HaKa3Ba.14 Otb^cho hhcmo. 06me H3BtcTeHi> e (jiasTbTb, ae ce yMao*aBaTb. jHecb Bb 3HaiHTe- aeHb pa3MJipb OMaKBaHaaTa Ha jfcitapBTfc oti hcephbhb3H6to Ha rtp6a h OTb KbcoriejcTBOTO Ha yTOHai(HTli. IIo Taa npniaHa HajieiKHHTfc Kp&roBe hoctohhho ce rpasaTb, ja H3HaMl>paTb nojiojaup cplijciBa, cb kohto 6h bomb ja ee npAjBapjaib tbh bihbh. Orb tbh ciptiueHHH ce e pa3BBjia nocTeneHHO «y?ajamHaTa xnraeHa>, kohto oSpbHja BHBMaBBfeTO Bbpxy bcht- ko, mkboto (iojaoiiara TfciecHOTO SiarocbCTOHHae Ha jfcpaia BXTpb Bb jvm- jbu(hhtP noM^meHBH. Kojkoto ce Kacae jo nocTpoHBaHneio Ha yHtuamaTa, JO yHBIHU(HHTi CKaMeHKH (HBHOBe) B np CiaHaxa jMcTBBTeiHO 3a6A.lfc- JKBT6BHB HojoSpeHEH. Hb npa BCBHso, TOBa ohbh yiHiHmHH 6o.iJ.cTn He ce HamaiBia. MejapaHCEHTt npPraejBaHHa yKa3axa KaTo riaBHa npHiaHa Ha TOBa HBieHae lomag HainHb Ha ctjeeeTO, npa nncyBaH6T0 Bb yjmiameTO n y jOMa. A ocofieHO ce j0Ba3a. to ynoTpt6iseMOTO nojieeamo nucM Ha- poHHO nojnotrara paaiutTneTO na cnoMeH&TBTt SoiIjcth To3b $aKTb jaje HOBOjb Ha MH03aHa itapH n yo6pa3no pascmonnue na onumh otm nMCKOcmbma, enpxy Kotimo ce nume. Omobcnomo uucmo e nopadu no-npoamumb6yKBU no^ttcno, no- npbzjiedno u no-uenwiueo om kojikomo notiecamomo nucMO, a npu rtioea ne no-MajiKo xy6aeo u rti. n. Upaeujinomo diptKanue na mb- jiomo, Kiucm'i ce i/npanciiH^a npu ancauano. npbMunaea mame na dpyeumb ypovju, u yjiecnnea maka nadsopa nad?, ipiaoiiftimb. Ocehm moea npocmumb cpopMu na amebcnomo nucMO no-Mako ce u3ynaeam%. Pa3JiH?HH npaBBTejcTBa, mto. yBawaBaxa cnpaBejiHBO Tisa aKT,B, nocTaHOBBxa Beae, ja ce BbBeje otbAchoto nncMO Bb yHniHmaTa; jpyra HfcKoa npaBHTeacTBa — Kamro Hanp. BbirapcKOTO.— jonycHaxa, ja ce npa- BHTb OHBTB Cb TOBa HHCMO Tli3B OnBTB H8 HJSKOH TBMHa3BH H KiaCCHH yaHJiBma B3jA30xa mhoto cnoiyunBH h He ui'e cbMHJmae, to CKopo me Mirne onif.cHOTO nacaHe Ha bcAk&jA Bb ynoTpA6ieHae yqEEMp no otb-bchoto mcmo. Pmcoeodcmeo 3a ynompb6jienuemo na omebcnomo uucmo Cb 5 KapTBHn, npfejcTaBJiHiomH HanHHa Ha cfejeae npa nacaHeTO a cb TaSaapa Ha OTBtcuo nacaHa 6yKBB. Ip&aa 50 ctot. Khumku (mempadnu) 3a omebcno nucane, cb npAjnacaHE npa- Mtpa no 3 — 5 peja na Bcifta CTpaHapa; 6poa 1, 6p. 2, 6p. 3, a 6p. 4, no 10 ctot. Ta6jiui^a (jBTOrpa$apaHa) cb m 3 .ikb a riaBHa otbAchh 6 yKBa a ptia jyMa li,liHa 10 ctot. HaMapaTb ce 3a apojaHb Bb Kiinaiapnanaia dlaeiaj na JIy8 Be3eHmeKb Bb lIioBjBBb. KSZJSJJPHZZU „nmi w na Jiyfl BE3EHIHEKT) Iliomajii Eopnctv .V">, 1 Umii sa npodaHb Mifidij npmeMV u cjitdyetifum$ coScmeenu usdauua: fl-p-b A. PyA 0 /l. Mapaa JIyH 3 a, 6 norpa(Jimi Ha ntpiiaia 6 iarapcKa KHarDHH (ci 20 MMoorpainHH) aen A. EeaeHUieK-b. Erma U 1 HpaBoyaeHHe . . . . aea — r — CnaHHe h CT.Hyiiane (jBt. CKa3KH rt. Vameji- CKa flpys 6 a). »b. -— „ — KrocaaBaHcra FaacHHKt (cb mboto hjuk)- CTpaUHH)..MB A. 6 yK 0 BCKM. KHalnoBH krežem P&kobojctbo, Kant noše ja ce ffiHBte npocro, macniHBO h OKOHOMnaHO. mb. 4-p"b Rhkobv K.iiot'b Ha BceoomaTa hctophh (456 cip.) E(tHaia ora aeBa 2’50 e HatiaaeBa Ha job. A. Ee 3 eHUieKT>. Eiarapcita raenorpaijma 'lam. I , ibb. . „ - „ » „ II . . aPB. — „ — BiarapcKa CTeHorpa^Hiecisa BBTaBKa . . j»b A. EyK 0 BCKH—Ee 3 emueKi>. Ubjiho npaKTHiecito h tso- peiEaecKO psKOBOUCTBO no hImchh obiikb bi. 4 aacTH no 2 aeBa -, a saeaHO noj(Bxp3aH jiob. 4-p*b BanraHflTj, MaKCjOHHH e 6 ’tJirapcKa .... jies. X. H K. Ll^KOpnMJTb. Morajm. llaJieiiniUH aria, Euirapcito (cb 70 HaaiocTpanBH). jkib. — „ — KpamKH jmohhh bi Biarapna (iiaaiocrpOB.) iob. A. EyKOpeilF/IHeB'b. khtkb otb ČBJirapcKB napojim nt.CHH (hoth 3a jij.skh h caitccm. sopi), jicb. 1-80 2 - -•50 2 '— —•70 1 — 250 2-50 1-50 6— —•30 2-50 1 — 2 —