logo-um-fvv-ang Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making Book of Abstracts Editors: Gorazd Meško Branko Lobnikar Kaja Prislan Rok Hacin Maribor, September 2018 Title Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe Subtitle From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making, Book of Abstracts Editors Prof. Gorazd Meško, Ph.D. (University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security) Assoc. prof. Branko Lobnikar, Ph.D. (University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security) Assist. prof. Kaja Prislan, Ph.D. (University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security) Assist. Rok Hacin, Ph.D. (University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security) Technical editors Jan Perša, M.E. (University of Maribor Press) Cover designer Tipografija d.o.o. Graphics in articles Authors. Conference Twelfth Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe: From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making Date and location 25-27 September, 2018 // Ljubljana // Slovenia Programme committee prof. Gorazd Meško (Chair of the conference, University of Maribor, Slovenia), prof. Marcelo Aebi (University of Lausanne, Switzerland), prof. Adrian Beck (University of Leicester, UK), dr. Igor Bernik (University of Maribor, Slovenia), dr. Gleb Bogush (Moscow State University - Lomonosov, Russia), dr. Leonidas Cheliotis (London School of Economics, UK), prof. Janina Czapska (Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland), dr. Algimantas Čepas (Law Institute of Lithuania, Lithuania), dr. Gennady Esakov (Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), prof. Charles B. Fields (Eastern Kentucky University, USA), dr. Irena Cajner Mraović (University of Zagreb, Croatia), dr. Anna Getoš-Kalac (University of Zagreb, Croatia), prof. Jack Greene (Northeastern University, Boston, USA), prof. Djordje Ignjatović (University of Belgrade, Serbia), dr. Andra-Roxana Ilie (University of Bucharest, Romania), prof. Ljubica Jelušič (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia), prof. Susanne Karstedt (University of Leeds, United Kingdom), prof. Klára Kerezsi (National University of Public Service, Hungary), prof. Nedžad Korajlić (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), prof. Miklós Lévay, Eötvös (Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary), prof. Michael Levi (Cardiff University, UK), prof. René Levy (Le Groupement Européen de Recherches sur les Normativités (GERN), France), prof. Otwin Marenin (Washington State University, USA), prof. Mahesh Nalla (Michigan State University, USA) prof. Alida V. Merlo (Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA), dr. Elmedin Muratbegović (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), prof. Borislav Petrović (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), dr. Biljana Simeunović-Patić (Criminal Investigation and Police Academy, Belgrade, Serbia), prof. Julian Roberts (University of Oxford, UK), prof. Ernesto Savona (Catholic University and Transcrime, Milan, Italy), prof. Wesley Skogan (Northwestern University, USA), prof. Nigel South (University of Essex, UK), dr. Andrej Sotlar (University of Maribor, Slovenia), dr. Justice Tankebe (University of Cambridge, UK), prof. Bojan Tičar (University of Maribor, Slovenia) & prof. David Wall (Leeds University, UK). Organizing committee dr. Branko Lobnikar (Chair, University of Maribor, Slovenia), dr. Kaja Prislan (Secretary, University of Maribor, Slovenia), Gregor Bec (University of Maribor, Slovenia), dr. Katja Eman (University of Maribor, Slovenia), Marjan Fank (General Police Directorate, Slovenia), dr. Rok Hacin (University of Maribor, Slovenia), Anja Lesar (University of Maribor, Slovenia), dr. Maja Modic (University of Maribor, Slovenia), Aleksander Podlogar (University of Maribor, Slovenia), Aljoša Španger (University of Maribor, Slovenia), Bernarda Tominc (University of Maribor, Slovenia) & Anita Urbanija (University of Maribor, Slovenia). Co-published by / Izdajatelj University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security Kotnikova ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia http://www.fvv.um.si, fvv@fvv.uni-mb.si Published by / Založnik University of Maribor Press Slomškov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia http://press.um.si, zalozba@um.si Edition 1st Publication type e-publication Available at http://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/354 Published Maribor, September 2018 © University of Maribor Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 351.74:352(082)(0.034.2) CRIMINAL justice and security in Central and Eastern Europe [Elektronski vir] : from common sense to evidence-based policy-making : book of abstracts / editors Gorazd Meško ... [et al.]. - 1st ed. - El. knjiga. - Maribor : University of Maribor Press, 2018 Način dostopa (URL): http://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/354 ISBN 978-961-286-179-7 (pdf) doi: 10.18690/978-961-286-179-7 1.Meško, Gorazd 2. Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and EasternEurope: from common sense to evidence-based policy-making (12 ; 2018 ; Ljubljana) COBISS.SI-ID 95077121 ISBN 978-961-286-179-7 (PDF) DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-179-7 Price Free copy For publisher Prof. dr. Zdravko Kačič, Rector (University of Maribor) Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making Book of Abstracts GORAZD MEŠKO, BRANKO LOBNIKAR, KAJA PRISLAN , ROK HACIN This e-book comprises abstracts of papers presented at the twelfth international biennial conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe organised by the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor on 25–27, September 2018. This year's conference is subtitled From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making and addresses current challenges related to policy-making in criminal justice and security. The book of abstracts includes more than 60 abstracts of papers presented at the conference within 13 panels, 2 plenary sessions, and 2 roundtables. Among traditional topics in the area of criminal justice, crime prevention, social control, national security and policing, abstracts also include contemporary security issues related with criminal investigation, legal perspectives, prevention of radicalism, organised crime and terrorism, police integrity, penology, cybersecuriry, crime analysis, and private and corporate security. The complete proceedings are available at the following web page: http://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/352 (DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-174-2). Keywords: conference, criminal justice, security, Central and Eastern Europe, Slovenia CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: Gorazd Meško, Ph.D., Professor, University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Kotnikova ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si. Branko Lobnikar, Ph.D., Associate Professor, University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Kotnikova ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: branko.lobnikar@fvv.uni-mb.si. Kaja Prislan, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Kotnikova ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: kaja.prislan@fvv.uni-mb.si. Rok Hacin, Assistant, University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Kotnikova ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: rok.hacin@fvv.uni-mb.si. DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-179-7 ISBN 978-961-286-179-7 © 2018 University of Maribor Press Available at: http://press.um.si About the Conference The Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe addresses contemporary challenges in the field of criminal justice and security by encouraging the exchange of the latest views, concepts, and research findings from criminal justice and security studies among scientist, researchers, and practitioners from all over the globe. The aim of the conference is to highlight new ideas, theories, methods, and findings in a wide range of research and applied areas relating to policing, criminology, security issues, and social control issues. Conference strives for joint collaboration of different stakeholders in developing knowledge and experience that contribute to more secure and safe societies. Conference Background Starting in 1996 and reconvening for its twelfth session in 2018, the Conference has focused on and dealt with a good many topical areas such as, Comparing Firsthand Knowledge with Experience from the West (1996), Organisational, Managerial, and Human-Resource Aspects (1998), Ethics, Integrity, and Human Rights (2000), Deviance, Violence and Victimization (2002), Dilemmas of Contemporary Criminal Justice (2004), Past, Present and Futures (2006), Social Control in Contemporary Society – Practice and Research (2008), Social Control of Unconventional Deviance (2010), Contemporary Criminal Justice Practice and Research (2012), Understanding Professionalism, Trust and Legitimacy (2014), and Safety, Security, and Social Control in Local Communities (2016). Table of Contents CONFERENCE PROGRAMME PLENARY 1 FROM COMMON SENSE TO EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY-MAKING AND EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING I. BEYOND COMMON SENSE: SURVEILLANCE SOCIETIES Klára Kerezsi 8 REFLECTIONS ON POLICING AND THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 9 Uglješa Ugi Zvekić EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN POLICING: WHY THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT IS OFTEN UNREALIZED Nicholas P. Lovrich, Jr. 10 FROM EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY-MAKING TO EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING – A BOUNDED RATIONALITY PERSPECTIVE Gorazd Meško 11 PLENARY 2 FROM COMMON SENSE TO EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY-MAKING AND EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING II. MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF CRIME, OFFENDERS AND VICTIMS: SERBIAN CASE Biljana Simeunović-Patić 13 POLICE AND JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO CRIME IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Ivan M. Kleimenov 14 ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST NETWORKS IN EUROPE: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH Vincenzo Ruggiero 15 PREVENT-REFER-ADDRESS CONCEPT AS A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TO RADICALISATION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS Rajko Kozmelj 16 PANEL 1 POLICE INTEGRITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE VIEWS OF THE CROATIAN POLICE Barbara Prprović, Nikolina Nemec, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Irena Cajner Mraović, Krunoslav Borovec 18 THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING IN COMMUNITY POLICING ON POLICE OFFICERS’ PERCEPTION OF POLICE MISCONDUCT Branko Lobnikar, Gorazd Meško, Kaja Prislan 19 SHADES OF BLUE: EXPLORING THE CODE OF SILENCE IN CROATIA AND SERBIA Marko Prpić, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Irena Cajner Mraović, Vladimir Božović 20 DOES FAIR DISCIPLINE EXIST: ASSESSMENTS OF DISCIPLINE FAIRNESS BY POLICE OFFICERS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Darko Datzer, Eldan Mujanović, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković 21 PANEL 2 POLICING ISSUES DRUG GANG ACTIVITY AND POLICING RESPONSES IN AN ENGLISH SEASIDE TOWN: ‘COUNTY LINES’, ‘CUCKOOING’ AND COMMUNITY IMPACTS Jessica Jaensch, Nigel South 23 LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVENIAN POLICE: REVIEW AND WAY FORWARD Džemal Durić, Robert Šumi 24 CURRENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF INTELLIGENCE–LED POLICING MODEL IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Zoran Đurđević, Slaviša Vuković 25 ATTITUDES ABOUT HATE CRIMES TOWARD LESBIANS AND GAY MEN AMONG POLICE OFFICERS: CASE STUDY OF POLICE FORCES OF CANTON SARAJEVO Marija Lučić-Ćatić, Dina Bajraktarević Pajević, Elmedin Muratbegović 26 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR UNWANTED SEX Irma Kovčo Vukadin, Kristina Mikulčić 27 IN SICKNESS AND HEALTH: CORRUPTION IN CROATIA AND THE SANE SOCIETY CHALLENGE Anita Dremel, Renato Matić 40 CRIMINAL - LEGAL AND CRIMINALISTIC ASPECTS OF THE BRIBERY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Svetlana Nikoloska, Marina Malis-Sazdovska, Marija Gjosheva 41 „THE PINK PANTHER“- A DISTINCTIVE PHENOMENON OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN A CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY Zdravko Skakavac 42 TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN CROATIA AND SERBIA Vanda Božić, Željko Nikač PANEL 6 LEGAL PERSPECTIVES I. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTINUITY OF EVIDENCE AND BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT - WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Aleksandar R. Ivanović, Branko Munižaba, Radomir Munižaba 45 THE NEW FACE OF CRIMINAL LAW – TOWARDS A BETTER FUTURE? Laura Stănilă 46 EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSET RECOVERY IN SLOVENIA – COMPARISON OF POLICE OFFICERS’ AND PROSECUTORS’ OPINIONS Katja Rejec Longar, Katja Šugman Stubbs, Branko Lobnikar 47 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF WEAPONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA, THE REPUBLIC OF ITALY, AND THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Maja Modic, Martin Muženič, Bojan Tičar 48 GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION (GDPR), THE DATA PROTECTION POLICE DIRECTIVE, AND THE CHANGES TO NATIONAL LEGISLATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Kristina Pavli, Miha Dvojmoč 49 PANEL 7 NATIONAL SECURITY AND TERRORISM SECURITY RISKS ASSESSMENT AND SECURITY POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Saše Gerasimoski, Marjan Nikolovski, Marjan Gjurovski 51 CRIMINOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF CROATIAN PORTS AND MARINAS SECURITY Josip Pavliček, Adriana Vicenca Padovan, Marija Pijaca 52 FEAR OF TERRORISM – AN EMERGING RESEARCH AGENDA IN BIH Mile Šikman, Velibor Lalić 53 PROSECUTING FOREIGN FIGHTERS: CHALLENGES OF JUDICIAL PROFESSIONAL IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Haris Halilović, Edina Bećirević 54 COMPARISON OF COUNTER-TERRORISM LEGISLATION CHANGES IN SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SINCE 2015 Jan Břeň, Tomáš Zeman 55 ROUNDTABLE 1 SAFETY AND SECURITY OF CYBERSPACE USERS – CRIMINOLOGICAL, VICTIMOLOGICAL AND PREVENTATIVE ASPECTS A ROUNDTABLE: A PROJECT ‘SAFETY AND SECURITY OF CYBERSPACE USERS – CRIMINOLOGICAL, VICTIMOLOGICAL AND PREVENTATIVE ASPECTS’ Chair: Gorazd Meško 57 PANEL 8 CRIME, CRIME ANALYSIS AND PERCEPTION OF CRIME CRIME MAPPING IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA APPLIED ON THE MUNICIPALITY OF STARI GRAD IN SARAJEVO Muhamed Budimlić, Muamer Kavazović, Predrag Puharić, Sandra Kobajica 59 CONTEMPORARY METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF STRATEGIC CRIME ASSESSMENT – EXPERIENCE OF THE POLICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Milan Klisarić, Milorad Bejatović 60 ECONOMIC SECURITY AND ECONOMIC SECURITY INDEX AS A MEASURE OF ECONOMIC SECURITY Snezhana Mojsoska, Nikola Dujovski 61 PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY/SECURITY AS FACTORS IN SELECTING A TOURIST DESTINATION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PORTOROŽ (SLOVENIA) AND GELENDZHIK (RUSSIA) Katja Eman, Branko Lobnikar, Anton Petrovskiy, Gorazd Meško 62 PANEL 9 LEGAL PERSPECTIVES II. KEY ASPECTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SLOVENIAN JUDICIARY - PAST VS FUTURE Mojca Rep 64 JURIDICAL STANDARDS FOR CLINICAL FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS OF VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE IN EUROPE: JUSTEU! Sophie Kerbacher, Michael Pfeifer, Simone Leski, Reingard Riener-Hofer 65 THE IMPORTANCE OF EVIDENCE COLLECTION IN PROCEDURES FOR CRIMINAL ACTS IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC CRIME IN SERBIA Milan Počuča, Jelena Matijašević-Obradović 66 QUALITY OF PROVISIONS OF THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL CODE ON THE LIABILITY FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT Arseniy A. Bimbinov, Rok Hacin 67 PANEL 10 PRIVATE AND CORPORATE SECURITY PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES AS PART OF A POTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Darko Prašiček 69 POLICY FOR EFFECTIVE REALIZATION OF CORPORATE SECURITY Tatjana Gerginova 70 ANALYSING MACEDONIAN TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH TERMS RELATED TO PRIVATE SECURITY Vesna Trajkovska, Saše Gerasimoski, Snežana Nikodinovska-Stefanovska 71 A STEPCHILD OF THE HUNGARIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM? FUNCTION AND PUBLIC IMAGE OF THE HUNGARIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATIONS László Christián, József Bacsárdi 72 PANEL 11 SECURITY ISSUES A CONFLICT/SOLUTION MODEL FOR THE WESTERN BALKANS – A WORKING GROUP FOR A DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Janez Juvan, Bojan Dobovšek, Andrej Sotlar 74 PEACETIME ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY AS A SOURCE OF THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN CONTEXT OF GREEN CRIMINOLOGY Silvo Grčar 75 PREVENTING RADICALISATION IN WESTERN BALKANS: ROLE OF POLICE AND MULTI-STAKEHOLDER APPROACH Kaja Prislan, Albert Černigoj, Branko Lobnikar 76 SECURITIZATION OF MIGRATION AND MIGRATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Matija Frčko, Davor Solomun 77 NUCLEAR SECTOR: I HAVE NOTHING IMPORTANT ON MY COMPUTER, OR DO I? Samo Tomažič, Bojan Dobovšek, Igor Bernik 78 PANEL 12 CRIME AND CRIME PREVENTION ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL WASTE AS TRANSNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HARM AND CRIME Andreja Rožnik, Gorazd Meško 80 FEATURES OF CRIME PREVENTION FOR MINOR INTENSIVE OFFENDERS Yulia Sokol 81 CRYPTOVIRAL EXTORTION AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM OF CYBERSECURITY Vasilii A. Tirranen 82 ASSETS-BASED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SLOVENIA – CASE STUDIES AND THEIR POLICY IMPLICATIONS Boštjan Slak, Eva Bertok, Danijela Frangež 83 PANEL 13 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN TURKEY Huseyin Batman 85 INTERROGATING SUSPECTS OF CRIME IN SLOVENIA 86 Igor Areh, Benjamin Flander THE WAY OF HANDLING EVIDENCE OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES OF COMPUTER CRIME Aleksandar Ivanović 87 ROUNDTABLE 2 FROM COMMON SENSE TO EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING A ROUNDTABLE: COMMON SENSE, EVIDENCE-BASED, OR POLITICALLY-MADE SAFETY AND SECURITY POLICY Chair: Gorazd Meško 89 Plenary 1 From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making and Evidence-based Policing I. BEYOND COMMON SENSE: SURVEILLANCESOCIETIES KLÁRA KEREZSI Faculty of Law Enforcement, National University of Public Service, Hungary Contact: kerezsi.klara@uni-nke.hua Keywords: police, penal common sense, pluralisation of policing, securitisation, over-policing This paper highlights some questions that stand at the heart of current police policy, e.g. the consequences of the transformation thesis, the militarisation of police, as well as the ‘pluralisation of policing’. The relentless emphasis on security, the media focus on violence, the need to find returning investment forms after the collapse of the bipolar world order and the political necessity of making people feel safe, creates policing practice similar to the military experience. Should the military suppressing a riot be considered performing a policing function? Should persons who have limited rather than generalised law enforcement powers, such as customs agents, be considered as police? REFLECTIONS ON POLICING AND THE 2030AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UGLJEŠA UGI ZVEKIĆ Law School, University of Belgrade, Serbia Contact: uzvekic@hotmail.com Keywords: United Nations, sustainable development goals, policing, human rights The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is the most comprehensive global developmental platform of substantive political, policy and analytical content yet assembled. Its 17 goals and 169 targets range from poverty through health, biodiversity, climate change to peace, security and justice. While policing is not explicitly mentioned, the contribution of policing to the achievement of many targets is unquestionable. This paper discusses several targets and indicators delineated within the goal of peace, security and justice for all, and their relationship with policing. The ever-changing forms of crime coupled with the ever-dynamic modes of criminal activities in traditional global markets - and now in cyberspace - pose serious challenges to modern policing. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for policing featuring service-orientation, respect for human rights, crime prevention, and institutional effectiveness, transparency and accountability. Police constitute an integral component, contributor and beneficiary of the 2030 agenda without question. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN POLICING:WHY THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT ISOFTEN UNREALIZED NICHOLAS P. LOVRICH, JR. School of Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Washington State University, USA Contact: n.lovrich@wsu.edu Keywords: epistemic community, police culture, isomorphic change, warriors to guardians Advances in police education and the development of evidence-based practices in policing have been widely celebrated; some are described here. They are a key aspect of a maturing global epistemic community of criminal justice scholars. However, many promising approaches to police practice, training and education have faded away over time. Likewise, promising ideas derived from evidence-based practices have often proven short-lived in the real world. He author draws insight from 40+ years of work implementing community policing in the US to raise a cautionary note regarding realistic expectations for police adoption of evidence-based programs and policies. He illustrates how police culture, the theory of isomorphic organizational change, the deep difference between fast and slow thinking processes pose serious limits on how existing deeply entrenched practices in policing at both the national and international levels can be overcome to advance policing practice. FROM EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY-MAKING TOEVIDENCE-BASED POLICING – A BOUNDEDRATIONALITY PERSPECTIVE GORAZD MEŠKO Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: policy-making, policing, evidence-based, policing, research The paper presents some challenges to evidence-based policy-making as occasioned by bounded rationality. Bounded rationality limits the ideal type concept of evidence-based policy-making due primarily to the limited rationality of individuals, the frequent lack of pertinent information being available to guide action, the cognitive limitations of humans, and the limited amount of time people have to make decisions in the world of practice. Evidence-based policing is discussed in some detail with respect to these particular limitations. Illustrative examples are drawn from Slovenian practice and policy-making in the fields of crime prevention and crime control, as well as some projects related to the promotion of democratic policing – in particular the prevention of secondary victimisation, community policing and procedural justice. This discussion is framed in terms of police reform in a young, maturing democratic country. Plenary 2 From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making and Evidence-based Policing II. MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS ANDCONSTRUCTIONS OF CRIME, OFFENDERS ANDVICTIMS: SERBIAN CASE BILJANA SIMEUNOVIĆ-PATIĆ Department of Criminalistics Sciences, University of Criminalistics and Police Studies, Serbia Contact: biljasp@hotmail.com Keywords: media coverage of crime, representations of offenders, representations of crime victims, Serbia By using a content analysis, the author attempts to explore the extent to which the prevailing media portrayals of crime, offenders and victims distract from factuality of crime in Serbia. It is argued that crime news is often distorted with the aim to acquire greater “news value”, or to induce moral panic over specific categories of offenders. The news is commonly distorted in tabloid press through rather simple albeit well approved means: by exaggerating the prevalence and dangers of specific forms of crime, portraying extensively certain uncommon criminal events, causal oversimplification, as well as by over/under/misrepresenting specific categories of perpetrators and victims. Particular consideration is given to the problems of selective and culturally sensitive attributions of responsibility for crime and victim blaming, as well as to media portraying of youth violence aiming to induce moral panic over youth crime and to call forth the harsher response toward juvenile offenders. POLICE AND JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO CRIME INTHE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IVAN M. KLEIMENOV Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Higher School of Economics (Saint Petersburg Branch), Russia Contact: piligrim111@mail.ru Keywords: unsolved crime, clearance rates, criminal law response, judicial practice The paper studies the tendencies in police and judicial response to crime in the context of the new Russian capitalism. The results show that the police evade the objective analysis of crime, evaluating only its current situation (within a year) and resorting to misrepresentation of statistical data to insinuate that they are more effective in solving cases than they are. Judicial practice, in turn, vividly demonstrates the selective (class) approach to prosecuting “blue-collar” criminals, on the one hand, and “white-collar” criminals, on the other. Based on the findings this research provides a scientific toolkit to research the mechanism of judicial response to crime. ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORISTNETWORKS IN EUROPE: AN EMPIRICALRESEARCH VINCENZO RUGGIEROLaw School, Middlesex University, United KingdomContact: v.ruggiero@mdx.ac.uk Keywords: organized crime, terrorist networks, drivers, institutional responses, prevention This paper provides an analytical summary of the findings of a research project into the activities, the causes of, and responses to, organized crime and terrorism. Based on the views of front-line practitioners such as social workers, teachers, law enforcers and other experts, the paper examines their needs, interpretations, uncertainties and perspectives. It then compares these views with those emerging from previous analyses and research, highlighting the assonances and dissonances that typically crowd these areas of investigation. PREVENT-REFER-ADDRESS CONCEPT AS AMULTI-STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TORADICALISATION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS RAJKO KOZMELJGeneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Switzerland Contact: r.kozmelj@dcaf.ch Keywords: radicalisation, violent extremism, prevent-refer-address, Western Balkan counter terrorism initiative, integrative internal security governance In March 2018, the Integrative internal security governance board identified radicalisation leading to violent extremism as one of the top security threats. The Integrative internal security governance board suggested a concept that can be used as multi-stakeholder response to prevent, refer and address (P-R-A) radicalisation leading to violent extremism in a holistic way, using a whole-society and multi-stakeholder approach. There is no perfect national model to be ‘exported’ to the Western Balkan Countries and would fit and successfully operate in their countries, societies. Based on the expertise of Radicalisation Awareness Network Centre of Excellence, experience in many EU and other countries, Prevent-Refer-Address concept has been developed to be used in developing a tailor-made solution for a country or even a local community with its specificities, to efficiently prevent radicalisation that leads to violent extremism, to disengage individuals, to deradicalise them or to reintegrate them in the local community. Panel 1 Police Integrity in Central and Southeastern Europe INSIDE AND OUTSIDE VIEWS OF THECROATIAN POLICE BARBARA PRPROVIĆ Red Cross Society of Čakovec, Croatia Contact: prprovic.barbara@gmail.com NIKOLINA NEMEC City of Ludbreg, Croatia Contact: nemec.nikolina2@gmail.com SANJA KUTNJAK IVKOVIĆ School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, USA Contact: kutnjak@msu.edu IRENA CAJNER MRAOVIĆ Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Croatia Contact: icajner@hrstud.hr KRUNOSLAV BOROVEC Croatian Ministry of Interior, Croatia Contact: k.borovec@mup.hr Keywords: police integrity, public opinion, Croatia This paper compares and contrasts the results of a public opinion survey about the police integrity with the police officers’ views of police integrity. The modified version of the police integrity survey, containing hypothetical vignettes describing 14 scenarios of police misconduct, was distributed to both students and police officers in Croatia. The respondents in the study, 1,315 police officers from Croatia and 450 students from the University of Zagreb, shared their views of how serious most police officers would evaluate misconduct, what they thought that the expected discipline is, and whether they would report misconduct. The results suggest not only that college students express less positive views of the police then the police officers themselves did about their fellow colleagues, but also that the students themselves expressed attitudes associated with lower integrity than police officers did. THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING IN COMMUNITYPOLICING ON POLICE OFFICERS’ PERCEPTIONOF POLICE MISCONDUCT BRANKO LOBNIKAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: branko.lobnikar@fvv.uni-mb.si GORAZD MEŠKO Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si KAJA PRISLAN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: kaja.prislan@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: police integrity, police misconduct, community policing, code of silence, Slovenian police This paper presents the results of a study conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian police officers. We explored the differences between different groups of police officers about their perceptions of police misconduct, namely between CPOs and police officers on other duties. The research construct was developed by Kutnjak Ivković and Clockars, where different case scenarios describing various forms of police misconduct are proposed for measuring police officers’ level of integrity. The results showed that there are significant differences between CPOs and other police officers in their perception of seriousness of police misconduct and in their willingness to report misconduct. CPOs perceive different forms of police deviance as more serious and are more willing to report such behaviour. We can conclude that community policing reinforces police integrity or at least discourages the Code of Silence. SHADES OF BLUE: EXPLORING THE CODE OFSILENCE IN CROATIA AND SERBIA MARKO PRPIĆDepartment of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, CroatiaContact: prpic.marcus@gmail.com SANJA KUTNJAK IVKOVIĆSchool of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, USAContact: kutnjak@msu.edu IRENA CAJNER MRAOVIĆDepartment of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, CroatiaContact: icajner@hrstud.hr VLADIMIR BOŽOVIĆ University of Belgrade, Serbia Contact: vbozovic@icloud.com Keywords: police integrity, Code of Silence, Croatia, Serbia This paper compares the extent and nature of the code of silence among the police in Croatia and Serbia. Since the early 1990s and the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the ensuing transitional processes in Croatia and Serbia took somewhat different turns and created separate and potentially distinct political and social cultures. This paper explores the extent to which the police codes of silence among the police are country-specific. The respondents in the study, 1,315 police officers from Croatia and 1,843 police officers from Serbia, filled out the police integrity questionnaire. We utilize multivariate models to exploring the contours of the code of silence while perceptions of seriousness, views about expected discipline, and assessment of behaviour as rule violating are controlled. The results indicate that the code of silence is very similar across the two countries. DOES FAIR DISCIPLINE EXIST: ASSESSMENTSOF DISCIPLINE FAIRNESS BY POLICE OFFICERSFROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DARKO DATZER Faculty of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: ddatzer@fkn.unsa.ba ELDAN MUJANOVIĆFaculty of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: emujanovic@fkn.unsa.ba SANJA KUTNJAK IVKOVIĆSchool of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, USA Contact: kutnjak@msu.edu Keywords: police integrity, Bosnia and Herzegovina, discipline, fairness This paper explores the evaluations of discipline fairness by 1,000 police officers from different parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Police officers in our sample, surveyed in 2017, were asked to assess the appropriate discipline for police misconduct described in 11 hypothetical scenarios. The respondents were also asked to predict the actual discipline for such behaviour. To detect the respondents’ evaluations of discipline fairness, the paper compares the respondents’ views about the appropriate discipline with their views of the expected discipline. The majority of the respondents evaluated expected discipline as fair in most of the scenarios. However, there were scenarios in which a substantial minority of the respondents evaluated the expected discipline as too harsh. In addition, the analyses yielded only a few scenarios in which the respondents assessed the expected discipline as too lenient. Panel 2 Policing Issues DRUG GANG ACTIVITY AND POLICINGRESPONSES IN AN ENGLISH SEASIDE TOWN:‘COUNTY LINES’, ‘CUCKOOING’ ANDCOMMUNITY IMPACTS JESSICA JAENSCH Surrey Police, United Kingdom Contact: jess.jaensch1@gmail.com NIGEL SOUTH Department of Sociology, University of Essex, United Kingdom Contact: n.south@essex.ac.uk Keywords: gangs, drugs, violence, ‘county lines’, ‘cuckooing’, police operations While there have been many studies examining gangs involved in distribution of illegal drugs in cities, comparatively few have examined the nature of gang trends in small towns. In England, gangs have been expanding into new territories outside major cities but the academic literature has been slow to report this. This study of drug gang activity in a small coastal town in Essex used a rapid appraisal approach to collect data (interviewing participants and analysing crime statistics) which was followed-up periodically over the following 18 months. Results identified crimes that can be attributed to gang activity, the kind of individuals involved, why gangs are targeting Clacton and similar towns, and what police and community responses have been and could be. Ultimately, the data highlighted how drug gangs in Clacton appear to be a hybrid between traditional street gangs and organised crime groups. LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVENIANPOLICE: REVIEW AND WAY FORWARD DŽEMAL DURIĆ Centre for Research and Social Skills, Slovenian Police, Slovenia Contact: duric.dzemal@gmail.com ROBERT ŠUMI Centre for Research and Social Skills, Slovenian Police, Slovenia Contact: robert.sumi@policija.si Keywords: leadership, leadership development, talent management, Police, Slovenia The paper presents a review of evidence-based leadership development efforts in Slovenian Police since 2008 to 2018 and development agenda from 2018 to 2023. First, leadership studies, leadership development, and talent management theoretical frameworks are introduced. Second, contextual institutional and policy-making framework is presented. Third, key leadership development activities and mechanisms developed in last ten years and development agenda for next five years are examined. Results indicate a cycle pattern, which includes: (a) scientific research and professional analysis of phenomena, (b) evidence-based policy development and decisions, and (c) practical development and implementation of leadership development mechanisms and activities. Systematic evaluation of leadership development activities will be incorporated in the future development agenda. CURRENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES OFINTELLIGENCE–LED POLICING MODEL INTHE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ZORAN ĐURĐEVIĆ Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia Contact: zoran.djurdjevic@kpa.edu.rs SLAVIŠA VUKOVIĆ Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia Contact: slavisa.vukovic@kpa.edu.rs Keywords: intelligence–led policing, strategic assessment, operational assessment, Serbia The Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia (MoI RS) is currently implementing the Intelligence-led Policing (ILP) model in the territory of four police directorates (Novi Sad, Valjevo, Kraljevo and Leskovac). The starting elements of this approach include improvement of intelligence function and providing criminal intelligence information to police management, based on which it is possible to identify security problems and make adequate strategic and operational decisions directed at prevention primarily. The paper analyses the legal framework and organization of ILP and highlights the key principles, positive experiences and problems occurring during its implementation. Organisational changes and the application of the basic principles have made influence on more efficient solving of security problems, primarily prevention. However, time is required for the full implementation of the model, particularly for the change in the manner of decision-making. ATTITUDES ABOUT HATE CRIMES TOWARDLESBIANS AND GAY MEN AMONG POLICEOFFICERS: CASE STUDY OF POLICE FORCES OFCANTON SARAJEVO MARIJA LUČIĆ-ĆATIĆ Faculty of Criminal Justice Sciences and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: mlucic@fkn.unsa.ba DINA BAJRAKTAREVIĆ PAJEVIĆ Faculty of Criminal Justice Sciences and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: dbjraktarevic@fkn.unsa.ba ELMEDIN MURATBEGOVIĆ Faculty of Criminal Justice Sciences and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: emuratbegovic@fkn.unsa.ba Keywords: sexual prejudice, police officer, hate crime, lesbian and gay men Most victims of hate crime that are targeted because of their sexual orientation never report to the police because of their fear of police hostility, abuse and possible disclosure of their sexual orientation. This is strongly supported by the enormous discrepancy between the number of antigay/lesbian crimes reported to the police in the CS FB&H for the period of 2013-2017 and number of those reported to the NGOs in the same period. This paper investigates presence of sexual prejudice among police officers and possibility of its conversion into negative behaviour toward gay men and lesbians. The research is conducted among police officers of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the CS through 300 surveys. The sexual prejudice and its conversion into negative behaviour are questioned through ATG/ATL scale, stereotypes, group position and behaviour. Paper concludes with an outline of implications of sexual prejudice within the law enforcement forces. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION ANDATTRIBUTIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY FORUNWANTED SEX IRMA KOVČO VUKADIN Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia Contact: irmakv@yahoo.com KRISTINA MIKULČIĆ Kindergarten “Steps”, Velika Gorica, Croatia Contact: kristina.mikulcic@gmail.com Keywords: perception, rape myths, responsibility, unwanted sex Perception and attribution of responsibility for unwanted sex is important topic in the study of sex crimes. Several researchers found that men, more than women, support rape myths and attribute responsibility to a victim. The purpose of the present research is to investigate gender differences in perception and attribution of responsibility for unwanted sex. Study participants were 613 students of University in Zagreb. Three different scenarios were presented to the participants. Following each scenario, the participants were asked to answer following questions: 1. is that incident criminal offence, 2. is the victim responsible for what happened, 3. should the victim report the incidence to the police, 4. should the perpetrator be punished, and 5. what would be appropriate punishment for the perpetrator. There are significant gender differences regarding the results at all questions in a way that males support rape myths and attribute responsibility to a victim more often than females. Panel 3 Penology – Punishment RESEARCH UTILIZATION IN THE PRISON SECURITY POLICY-MAKING PROCESS:THE MACEDONIAN EXPERIENCE MARIJA MILENKOVSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: marijamilenkovska@yahoo.com Keywords: research, evidence, policy-making,prison security, Macedonia The paper examines the relationship between the research and policy in Macedonia. It focuses upon the following questions: do policymakers in the country use the research evidence into development and reformulation of the prison security policy? How do they use the research evidence? In order to answer the questions, the paper, first, examines the existing literature and the strategic documents in this area. Then, it analyses the data collected through semi-structured interviews with individuals who were involved in the drafting of different documents that have influenced prison security. At the end, the paper employs the basic models of research utilisation developed in the literature and suggests how the prison research evidence should penetrate the prison security policy-making process inMacedonia. While the paper does not overlook the criticism of the evidence-based policy, it concludes by suggesting that the policymakers should consider using research more directly in the development of the prison security policy. THE DUAL NATURE OF LEGITIMACY IN THEPRISON ENVIRONMENT ROK HACIN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: rok.hacin@fvv.uni-mb.si CHUCK FIELDS College of Justice and Safety, Eastern Kentucky University, USA Contact: chuck.fields@eku.edu GORAZD MEŠKO Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: legitimacy, self-legitimacy, prisons, Slovenia The aim of the study was to determine factors that influence prisoners’ perception of legitimacy of prison workers and self-legitimacy of the prison staff. In 2016, 328 prisoners and 243 prison workers were surveyed in all Slovenian prisons and a correctional home. Results of OLS regression analyses showed that prisoners’ perception of legitimacy of the prison staff depends on procedural justice, distributive justice, relations with prisoners, relations with prison workers, effectiveness of the prison staff, obligation to obey, and individual and sentence characteristics. Furthermore, audience legitimacy, relations with prisoners, relations with colleagues, supervisors’ procedural justice, satisfaction with salary, subculture of the prison staff and individual characteristics influence self-legitimacy of the prison staff. These findings point to the prison staff-prisoners relations as the binding factor between legitimacy and self-legitimacy in the prison environment. PRISON STAFF-PRISONERS RELATIONS INSLOVENIAN PRISONS ROK HACIN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: rok.hacin@fvv.uni-mb.si CHUCK FIELDS College of Justice and Safety, Eastern Kentucky University, USA Contact: chuck.fields@eku.edu GORAZD MEŠKO Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: prisoners, prison workers, quality of relations, Slovenia The quality of relations between prison workers and prisoners influence the social climate and maintaining of order in the prison environment. The aim of the study is to determine factors that affect prison staff-prisoners relations in Slovenian prisons. In 2016, a survey was conducted in all Slovenian prisons and a correctional home. The sample comprises 328 prisoners and 243 prison workers. Results of OLS regression analyses show that distributive justice, procedural justice, obligation to obey, effectiveness of the prison staff, and perception of legitimacy influence prisoners’ relationships with the prison staff. On the other hand, self-legitimacy, relations with colleagues, supervisors’ procedural justice, stress, education, gender, and age influence prison workers’ relationships with prisoners. The implications of these findings are discussed. DETERMINATION OF TYPE AND DURATION OFSENTENCES - MACEDONIAN GOVERNMENT’SARGUMENTS VERSUS CONSTITUTIONALCOURT’S DECISION KATERINA KRSTEVSKA SAVOVSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: katerina.krstevska@gmail.com Keywords: sentencing policy, constitution, law, evidence evaluation, Macedonia Macedonian Government in 2014 proposed the Article 39, paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code to be changed, i.e. the sentence determination should be carried out by the court according to the Rule-book on the manner of determination of the sentences (January), i.e. Law on the determination of the type and duration of sentences (December). Although arguments were given as a support to the proposed changes, the Constitutional Court in 2017 abolished the Criminal Code’s Article 39, paragraph 3 and the said Law. Having in mind the above, the Paper shall analyse the Government’s arguments versus Constitutional Court’s decision, from the aspect of lawfulness, individualisation of sentences, sentences proportional to the committed criminal act, uniformity of sentencing policy and free evaluation of evidence. Panel 4 Policing in Central and Southeastern Europe PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN THEHUNGARIAN POLICE - THE LEGACY OF THEPAST AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE VINCE VÁRI Faculty of Law Enforcement, National University of Public Service, Hungary Contact: vari.vince@uni-nke.hu Keywords: measurement, statistics, police, performance, Hungary In my study I intend to present the endeavour to improve efficiency and introduce the current model for its measurement. I attempt to analyse the disadvantageous effect of linking performance measurement to statistics-based efficiency measurement on the organizational culture and work ethic of the police, thus influencing the subjective feeling of safety of the society. There is no question that the objective indices of criminal statistics are too complicated to completely exclude the possibility of their manipulation if they are connected to performance evaluation. The efficiency indicator is especially important in moving away from quantity towards quality. The subjective feeling of safety as an efficiency factor must be acknowledged and included in the system. That is, gaining the confidence of the people and the community should be as essential as producing a more successful police performance index from a lower budget. POLICE DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY IN THECRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF THEREPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE RIGHT TOLIBERTY AND SECURITY OF A PERSON SAŠA MIJALKOVIĆ Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia Contact: sasa.mijalkovic@kpa.edu.rs DRAGANA CVOROVIĆ Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia Contact: , dragana.cvorovic@kpa.edu.rs VELJKO TURANJANIN Law Faculty, University of Kragujevac, Serbia Contact: vturanjanin@jura.kg.ac.rs Keywords: right to liberty and security of person, police arrests, court, Serbia The reformed criminal procedural legislation of the RS successfully follows the modern trends in the criminal procedural doctrine, especially in the area of application of the measures of deprivation of liberty by the police and the limitation of the right to liberty and security of a person. The new legal solutions in the RS (CPC/2011) are different both in their conceptual definition, and by the entity that decides on the implementation of the measures, which make the issue in question even more current, so the authors accordingly paid special attention to the following issues: firstly, the police deprivation of liberty as an international standard in the reformed criminal procedure legislation of the RS; Secondly, court as a subject of decision on the legality of police deprivation of liberty in the RS; Thirdly, empirical research into the implementation measures of police arrest in the RS and suggestions of de lege ferenda. POLICE OFFICERS’ AND POLICE EDUCATORS’RECEPTIVITY TO CONCEPT OF EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING – A COMPARATIVE STUDY DRAGANA SPASIĆ Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Serbia Contact: dspasic@jura.kg.ac.rs BRANISLAV SIMONOVIĆ Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Serbia Contact: simonov99@gmail.com Keywords: evidence-based policing, police, police officers, management, police educators The paper presents the results of a research study conducted among police officers and police educators in the Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research study is based on a questionnaire created by Lum and Telep (2012). Since the questionnaire was intended for respondents from South-eastern Europe, it was adapted to the needs of the survey. The survey aims to assess police officers’ and police educators’ familiarity with the concept of evidence-based policing and policing evaluation research, as well as to obtain their views and opinions on the matter. The results of the survey show that police officers in this region are still not sufficiently familiar with this concept, while police educators show a somewhat higher level of informedness. Accordingly, the first strategic goal in the coming period would be to raise the awareness of this concept and the advantages it entails. POLICE CONTACT IN RELATION TO CRIMEPERCEPTION AND FEAR OF VICTIMIZATION IRENA CAJNER MRAOVIĆ Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Croatia Contact: icajner@hrstud.hr KSENIJA BUTORAC Police College, Ministry of the Interior, Croatia Contact: kbutorac@fkz.hr BRANKO LOBNIKAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: branko.lobnikar@fvv.uni-mb.si MISLAV STJEPAN ŽEBEC Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Croatia Contact: mzebec@hrstud.hr Keywords: quality of police contacts, perception of crime and disorder, personal fear of victimization The paper explores the quality of police contacts and its relationship with citizens’ perception of crime and personal fear of crime. Those constructs were evaluated on a sample of 2,749 Croatian citizens using the Community Policing Evaluation Survey Scale. The results reveal that the quality of contact between the police and citizens in Croatia is slightly above the average and partly influenced by citizens’ sex and age. Differences between the bivariate and partial correlations show that age and sex slightly influence the relationships between the variables describing the quality of police contacts and the relationship between perception of crime and fear of victimisation. The correlation between quality of police contacts and perceived crime is higher in females and increases with age. The correlation between quality of police contacts and fear of victimization is also higher in females and increases with age. In the male population, it mostly stagnates with age. Panel 5 Organised Crime and Corruption ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRITY: ANIMPORTANT STRONGHOLD AGAINSTCORRUPTION JASNA FEDRAN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: jasna.fedran@student.um.si BRANKO AŽMAN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: branko.azman@fvv.uni-mb.si MATEVŽ BREN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: matevz.bren@fvv.uni-mb.si BOJAN DOBOVŠEK Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: bojan.dobovsek@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: integrity, organisational integrity, prevention of corruption, leadership In its deepest sense, integrity stands for congruence in thought, word, and action. The fact that it is often waived before its goal is reached gives rise to numerous anomalies, deficiencies, incongruence and risks which, in turn, allow for corruptive practices undermining not only the authority of the individual but also that of the organisation. Bearing in mind some contemporary controversial domestic and worldwide business practices, there is no doubt that integrity calls for a closer scrutiny and a proper assessment of its scope. There is a need for a clear understanding of the fact that an organisation may be seen as a lock and integrity as its key widely opening the door to all who act proactively, transparently and preventatively, while locking out all those with corruptive and other deviant intentions. In other words, the organisation needs to be aware that integrity is its firewall protecting it from corruption. IN SICKNESS AND HEALTH: CORRUPTION INCROATIA AND THE SANE SOCIETY CHALLENGE ANITA DREMEL Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia Contact: adremel@ffos.hr RENATO MATIĆ Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Croatia Contact: rmatic@hrstud.hr Keywords: corruption, Croatia, the sane society, Fromm, sociology Moving away from theoretical perspectives on and definitions of corruption that blame the individual and wishing to reach the analytical micro-macro bridge, our aim in this paper is to put focus on corrupted institutional relationships stabilised to the degree of distrust and disappointment of citizens. We will address the concept of self-sustainable sources (and social causes) of corruption in analysing the role of corruption in blocking full democratization and development. In the paper, we analyse the position of Croatian society comparatively through four ideal typical corruption levels constructed based on (ex post facto) corruption data on Croatia and Transparency International CPI. Corruption in the police and its social consequences are also tackled. The level of prevailing or total social corruption is finally interpreted through the lenses of Erich Fromm’s concept of the sane society, because of its totalitarian omen and the critical policy-oriented calling of sociology. CRIMINAL - LEGAL AND CRIMINALISTICASPECTS OF THE BRIBERY IN THE REPUBLICOF MACEDONIA SVETLANA NIKOLOSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: svetlana.nikoloska@uklo.edu.mk MARINA MALIS-SAZDOVSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: mmalis@fb.uklo.edu.mk MARIJA GJOSHEVA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: gjoshevamarija@gmail.com Keywords: bribery, corruption, unlawful influence, criminal investigation, confiscation of property Bribery is a form of corruption and a danger to any organised and democratic society in terms of rule of law and equality of citizens. Republic of Macedonia has accepted the recommendations of the international community contained in international conventions and in the national criminal legislation which criminalises various forms of criminal activities with elements of bribery. The paper will analyse the criminal - legal aspects referring to the criminal acts of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia with elements of bribery in the function of investigating the operational combinations in the criminal investigation in order to provide evidence necessary for the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators. The period of research is 2012-2016, with special emphasis on reported, accused and convicted offenders and measures imposed on prohibition to perform activity, profession or duty as well as measures of confiscation of property. „THE PINK PANTHER“- A DISTINCTIVEPHENOMENON OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONSIN A CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY ZDRAVKO SKAKAVAC Faculty for Legal and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrkatić, Novi Sad, Serbia Contact: zskakavac@useens.net Keywords: Pink Panther, organized criminal group, criminal organization, Interpol, Balkans For the last twenty years, operations of various organized crime groups have been noticed worldwide, mainly in the Balkan region, their targets being exclusive jewelry and other similar objects in big cities around the world. A very distinctive, lurid way of committing criminal acts and other atypical characteristics in comparison to the similar criminal groups present today is what characterized those crime groups. Their appearance has caused serious security problems in capital cities worldwide and enormous material damage as well. It has not been clearly determined yet whether it is one criminal organization or a large number of organized crime groups acting unrelated to one another. Considering a very limited number of reference books on this phenomenon, the main orientation is aimed at the analysis of both certain contents found on the Internet and the existing scientific papers. TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR SEXUALEXPLOITATION IN CROATIA AND SERBIA VANDA BOŽIĆ Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Croatia Contact: vanda.bozic@pravo.hr ŽELJKO NIKAČ The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Serbia Contact: zeljko.nikac@kpa.edu.rs Keywords: trafficking in human beings, sexual exploitation, forms, Croatia, Serbia The paper presents an overview of trafficking in human beings (THB) for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Croatia and Serbia. The paper is based on a legal, descriptive and comparative method of analyzing the international and national legal framework, state and trends. Sexual exploitation is the most common form of exploitation of victims of trafficking. Prostitution, sexual exploitation, child pornography and pedophilia were treated as manifested form. A significant place is held by a comparative critical review of international documents, solutions in the national legislation, analysis of the situation and trends of sexual exploitation. In combating THB, cooperation at national and international level is necessary. The paper is limited to research related to THB for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Croatia and Serbia. The paper, with a critical overview of previous solutions, gives analysis of the situation and trends of sexual exploitation as a form of THB. Panel 6 Legal Perspectives I. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTINUITY OFEVIDENCE AND BEYOND A REASONABLEDOUBT - WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THECRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF THEREPUBLIC OF SERBIA ALEKSANDAR R. IVANOVIĆ Department for Law Sciences, International University of Novi Pazar, Serbia Contact: a.ivanovic@uninp.edu.rs BRANKO MUNIŽABA Attorney's office Munižaba Novi Sad, Serbia Contact: branko.munizaba@gmail.com RADOMIR MUNIŽABA Attorney's office Munižaba Novi Sad, Serbia Contact: r.munizaba@gmail.com Keywords: continuity of evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, truth, evidence standards, judgment Authors dealing with the problem of lack of stable material evidence in the practice of criminal procedure in the Republic of Serbia. Assumption is that the lack of stable material evidence in the criminal procedural practice in the Republic of Serbia is a result of the lack of standards in job of finding and providing of evidence, with one side, and abolition of the principle of material truth, and the reduction of investigative powers of the court, introduction of an adversarial model of criminal procedure and standard of proving beyond a reasonable doubt, with the other side. Regarding this, the authors consider that applying the principle beyond a reasonable doubt in making of judgment, requires respect for the principle of the continuity of evidence. On the base of this conclusion authors think that there is need for recognition of principle of continuity of evidence in criminal procedural legislation of Republic of Serbia. THE NEW FACE OF CRIMINAL LAW –TOWARDS A BETTER FUTURE? LAURA STĂNILĂ Faculty of Law, West University Timișoara, Romania Contact: laura.stanila@e-uvt.ro Keywords: symbolic violence, over-criminalization, social risk, social peril, culture of social control In the current social context defined by antagonist goals, such as the need of security versus the need of protecting human rights, the need of public formal reaction versus the need of ensuring balance in the juridical field, Criminal Law becomes a sort of Excalibur Sword, the magic tool for solving all turbulences that occur in the social life. Nothing could be more wrong than that! In the present article, we try to demonstrate the fact of Criminal Law becoming a source of violence itself, starting with the concept of symbolic violence initiated by Pierre Bourdieu (Bourdieu 2001). The increased number of inchoate offences, the tendency to incriminate instead of finding other juridical solutions in order to respond to certain human conducts are only some of the many examples of arguments that prove in our opinion that Criminal Law has changed its face and is reaching for an unknown destination. EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSET RECOVERY INSLOVENIA – COMPARISON OF POLICEOFFICERS’ AND PROSECUTORS’ OPINIONS KATJA REJEC LONGAR Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Slovenia, Slovenia Contact: katja.rejec-longar@gov.si KATJA ŠUGMAN STUBBS Law Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Contact: katja.sugman-stubbs@pf.uni-lj.si BRANKO LOBNIKAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: branko.lobnikar@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: criminal asset recovery, Slovenia, police, prosecutors The aim of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of the Slovene asset recovery system and its functioning in practice. The paper introduces the Slovenian legal framework through the five-stage process of assets recovery: financial investigation, freezing or seizing of assets, confiscation, execution of the confiscation order and disposal of assets. Then it presents the results of the study, in which Slovene police officers and prosecutors provided their opinions on system of asset recovery. In principle, police officers and prosecutors support instrument. At the same time, most of them believe that the Slovene legislation is not systematic and does not provide a solid basis for an effective assets recovery procedure in either criminal or civil law framework. With respect to an adequate organisational structure, both strongly support the creation of two centralised bodies, one for conducting financial investigations and asset freezing or seizure, and another for managing such assets. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGALREGULATION OF WEAPONS IN THE REPUBLICOF SLOVENIA, THE REPUBLIC OF ITALY, ANDTHE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA MAJA MODIC Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: maja.modic@fvv.uni-mb.si MARTIN MUŽENIČ Local Administrative District Koper, Slovenia Contact: martin.muzenic@gov.si BOJAN TIČAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: bojan.ticar@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: safety, possession of weapons, carrying of weapons, civil weapons, comparative analysis The possession and carrying of weapons (for purposes of protection) have become an exception rather than a rule in Europe in particular. There are two completely different, historically conditioned, concepts of the normative regulation of the manufacture, trade, and possession of civil weapons. The Anglo-Saxon concept gives an individual the right to keep and bear arms and originates in the constitutional right to effective self-defence, while the European concept treats the possession of weapons as a privilege. It can be concluded that the concept according to which the possession, carrying, and use of weapons is a (constitutional) right of individuals, and which requires that the state interfere to the least extent possible with individuals’ right to acquire weapons, should not be followed. The completely opposite concept regarding weapons should therefore be preserved, namely that individuals’ right to weapons be treated as a privilege. GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION(GDPR), THE DATA PROTECTION POLICEDIRECTIVE, AND THE CHANGES TO NATIONALLEGISLATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA KRISTINA PAVLI Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: kpavli33@gmail.com MIHA DVOJMOČ Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: miha.dvojmoc@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: data protection, legislation, GDPR, ZVOP-1, ZVOP-2 On 24th May 2016 in European Union (EU) the data reform package (containing first vital changes since 1995), including The General Data Protection Regulation - GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data) and the Data Protection Directive for the police and criminal justice sector (Directive (EU) 2016/680), entered into force. Before the regulation applies on 25th May 2018, we have analysed the legislation with an emphasis on key changes represented in European legislative acts, and the national legislative act Personal Data Protection Act from 2004 (ZVOP-1)with proposals of new act (ZVOP2), which was to come intoforce in 2018. The purposes of our research are to present the changes in the field of data protection and to evaluate the preparedness of the Republic of Slovenia to the reform package. Panel 7 National Security and Terrorism SECURITY RISKS ASSESSMENT AND SECURITYPOLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA SAŠE GERASIMOSKI Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: sasegerasimoski@gmail.com MARJAN NIKOLOVSKI Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: mnikolovski@fb.uklo.edu.mk MARJAN GJUROVSKI Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: mar.gjurovski@gmail.com Keywords: risk assessment, security policy, security institutions, Republic of Macedonia This paper is aimed to show the importance of quality risk assessment for leading successful security policy within the security institutions in the Republic of Macedonia. Primarily, we rely on data gathered from our survey conducted with members of different security institutions in the Republic of Macedonia from public, state and private security. The paper tries to highlight how the contemporary security risks are defined, perceived and what is the awareness within the security institutions of the need for scientifically based security risk assessment. The limitations of the paper could be seen in the fact that although quite relevant opinions are being surveyed, the wider generalizations could not be possible without wider research of the public opinion. The originality lies in researching the nexus between risk assessment and security policy and on the need for scientifically based approach on risk assessment as crucial precondition for making successful security policy. CRIMINOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OFCROATIAN PORTS AND MARINAS SECURITY JOSIP PAVLIČEK Police College Zagreb, Croatia Contact: jpavlicek@fkz.hr ADRIANA VICENCA PADOVAN Adriatic Institute, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Croatia Contact: avpadovan@hazu.hr MARIJA PIJACA Maritime Department, University in Zadar, Croatia Contact: mpijaca@unizd.hr Keywords: security in ports and marinas, legal aspects of security, nautical tourism, criminal offences, maritime security The article provides results of phenomenological research of criminal offences as the most severe forms of threat to security in Croatian ports and marinas. It also analyses legal norms related to security in ports and marinas. In particular, the study deals with criminological features of 981 offences committed in Croatian ports and marinas in a seven-year period. The research results confirm the hypothesis according to which there are significantly more criminal offences committed in ports open to public traffic compared to marinas. The crime mainly includes offences against property, predominantly theft (51%) and aggravated theft (21.6%), occurring mostly during summer tourist season. In relation to the research results, the authors analyse the relevant criminal, administrative and civil law norms aimed at providing legal protection to ports and marinas, as well as to their users. Special emphasis is placed on marina operator’s liability for damage arising from criminal offences. FEAR OF TERRORISM – AN EMERGINGRESEARCH AGENDA IN BIH MILE ŠIKMAN Faculty of Security Studies, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: milesikman79@gmail.com VELIBOR LALIĆ Faculty of Security Studies, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: lalicvelibor@gmail.com Keywords: terrorism, Bosnia and Herzegovina, fear, risk, victims One of the major features of the phenomenon of terrorism is to intimidate and instill fear in people. These effects are achieved by brutality and the scale of violence which cause anxiety and terror. The fear of terrorism is an important research subject because psychological effects considerably outweigh its physical effects. There is an abundance of papers published in the literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) dealing with terrorism. However, there is a lack of research into the fear of terrorism. This paper presents findings from a questionnaire administered to the academic experts in terrorism and members of law enforcement agencies. The aim of the paper is to examine the attitudes based on the participants’ professional experience regarding public fear of terrorism and to assess the justification for conducting, and the methodology of, research into the fear of terrorism. PROSECUTING FOREIGN FIGHTERS:CHALLENGES OF JUDICIAL PROFESSIONAL INBOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA HARIS HALILOVIĆ Faculty of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: hhalilovic@fkn.unsa.ba EDINA BEĆIREVIĆ Faculty of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: ebecirevic@fkn.unsa.ba Keywords: foreign fighters, prosecution, jurisprudence, trial, court decision Legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) criminalizes various offenses related to terrorism and foreign fighting. As a part of global action against terrorism and a way to address the foreign fighter phenomenon, the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina was amended in 2014; according to which also the establishment of, or association with, foreign fighting forces are criminalized. Departures of Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens to Syria for the purpose of foreign fighting began in 2012. Thus, one of the problems prosecutors are facing when indicting foreign fighters is the principle of “nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege” (no crime, no punishment without law). This article will analyze problems Bosnia and Herzegovina prosecutors face in cases of foreign fighters, as well as prosecutorial successes. Indeed, despite many challenges, prosecutors in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been pioneers in the region when it comes to successfully prosecuting foreign fighters. COMPARISON OF COUNTER-TERRORISMLEGISLATION CHANGES IN SELECTEDEUROPEAN COUNTRIES SINCE 2015 JAN BŘEŇ Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic Contact: jan.bren@unob.cz TOMÁŠ ZEMAN Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic Contact: tomas.zeman2@unob.cz Keywords: countries, counter-terrorism, law, legislation, security, terrorism The paper discusses amended legislation of counter-terrorism issues in the selected countries in Europe. Current terrorism activities in Europe led to a of change anti-terror laws in European countries as an adequate response to the level of danger in the region. The aim of this article is a basic description of the revised legislation and comparison of legal instruments which are related to the fight against terrorism in selected countries. An overview of the present state of affair points of the legal changes in its significant impact in criminal law, constitution, police and intelligence competencies and security measures in individual countries is included in this paper. Roundtable 1 Safety and Security of Cyberspace Users – Criminological, Victimological and Preventative Aspects Panel 8 Crime, Crime Analysis and Perception of Crime CRIME MAPPING IN BOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINA APPLIED ON THEMUNICIPALITY OF STARI GRAD IN SARAJEVO MUHAMED BUDIMLIĆ Faculty for Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: mbudimlic@fkn.unsa.ba MUAMER KAVAZOVIĆ Faculty for Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: mkavazovic@fkn.unsa.ba PREDRAG PUHARIĆ Faculty for Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: ppuharic@fkn.unsa.ba SANDRA KOBAJICA Faculty for Criminal Justice, Criminology and Security Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact: skobajica@fkn.unsa.ba Keywords: crime mapping, Geographic information systems, law enforcement agencies, Bosnia and Herzegovina Geographic information systems use computer-processed geographical maps to visualize and access large amounts of data that are stored in specific databases. This way, police agencies can more easily access information and events regarding the volume and trends of criminal activities. This paper will analyze the possibilities of crime prevention through three aspects in terms of GIS: crime mapping, criminal analysis and investigative and preinvestigative actions. In addition, the possibilities provided by these systems in improving crime control will be applied on the municipality of Stari Grad in Sarajevo. In a previously conducted research relating the usage of these systems in police practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the authors noticed that police agencies are partially using or not using these technologies at all. In conclusion, the authors will indicate the possibilities and prospects of developing GIS technologies and using them on a daily basis in police agencies of Bosnia and Herzegovina. CONTEMPORARY METHODOLOGICALCONCEPTS OF STRATEGIC CRIME ASSESSMENT–EXPERIENCE OF THE POLICE OF THEREPUBLIC OF SERBIA MILAN KLISARIĆ University Union Nikola Tesla, Serbia Contact: mklisar60@gmail.com MILORAD BEJATOVIĆ Faculty of Law, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Serbia Contact: bejatovic@pravni-fakultet.info Keywords: strategic crime assessment, methodology, strategic planning, strategy, quality The subject of the work is different models/concepts of strategic analysis and strategic planning in the field of combating crime and their comparison in the context of the impact of the model of strategic analysis on the quality of the strategic planning. Considered two basic models of strategic planning and strategic analysis: the traditional model and the contemporary model known as SOCTA, which is applied in EUROPOL and EU countries. The subject of the analysis consists of four national strategic documents adopted by the Government of the Republic of Serbia and MOI. The research used a qualitative approach: content analysis and comparative analysis. In the analytical procedure, the basic categories and criteria of analysis are defined. The results of the research show that consistent and scientific application of the contemporary SOCTA model offers significantly more opportunities for raising the quality of strategic planning compared to the traditional model. ECONOMIC SECURITY AND ECONOMICSECURITY INDEX AS A MEASURE OF ECONOMIC SECURITY SNEZHANA MOJSOSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: smojsoska@gmail.com NIKOLA DUJOVSKI Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: ndujovski@gmail.com Keywords: economy, economic security, defining, economic security index, determinants Along with the process of increased mobility of people and resources across national boundaries, the emergence of globalization and the new technological advances, new forms of security also appeared. Economic security, as a blend of economy and security, has recently become a very important dimension of sciences such as economics, social science, and political science. As objective of this paper is to analyse the term economic security through its definition and factors. As a new term economic security is measured by the economic security index. In the paper, the factors that determine economic security index will be set. In order to explain the importance of the security index, economic security indexes worldwide will be shown comparatively. In the conclusion, remarks of the need of economic security and the economic security index will be given. PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY/SECURITY ASFACTORS IN SELECTING A TOURISTDESTINATION: A COMPARISON BETWEENPORTOROŽ (SLOVENIA) AND GELENDZHIK(RUSSIA) KATJA EMAN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: katja.eman@fvv.uni-mb.si BRANKO LOBNIKAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: branko.lobnikar@fvv.uni-mb.si ANTON PETROVSKIY Faculty of Law, Kuban State University, Russia Contact: anton-petrovski@yandex.ru GORAZD MEŠKO Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: safety/security, tourists, perception, Slovenia, Russia Today, tourism is a very popular and recognisable economic activity. The tourist industry considers the needs of tourists from every possible perspective. In the last decade, safety/ security is becoming an increasingly important element of the tourist business. Even minor changes in the safety/security situation can cause irreparable damage to an ‘unsafe’ tourist destination. The study hypothesised that tourists’ perceptions of safety/security threats influence their choice of a tourist destination. It was conducted in two highly developed tourist municipalities in Slovenia and Russia, i.e. Portorož and Gelendzhik, in May and June 2017. The aim of the study was to evaluate various factors influencing tourists’ decision for selecting a tourist destination. The survey consisted of 29 items, while the total number of respondents in both tourist destinations was 437. Items related to the safety/security, the perception of crime rate and the presence of the police have the greatest impact on tourists’ selection of a tourist destination. The results for both destinations are presented, compared and discussed. Panel 9 Legal Perspectives II. KEY ASPECTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THESLOVENIAN JUDICIARY - PAST VS FUTURE MOJCA REP District Court Celje, Slovenia Contact: mojca_rep@yahoo.com Keywords: trust in the judiciary, legislation, judicial statistics, judiciary Public trust in the judiciary depends on the ability or inability of all three branches of power to do everything necessary to ensure the judiciary’s higher quality. The latter is also provided by statutory acts. In the judicial year 2018, the improvement of the judiciary’s quality is one of the priorities. The international community admits that Slovenia has made significant progress in recent years, as the court backlogs and the time taken to resolve most of the cases have been reduced. However, the judiciary still strives to achieve greater transparency and efficiency as well as improve the quality of courts with adoption of additional (also) legal changes. The purpose of all efforts is to shorten the path to “understandable” justice which undoubtedly has a positive impact on public trust in the judiciary. JURIDICAL STANDARDS FOR CLINICALFORENSIC EXAMINATIONS OF VICTIMS OFVIOLENCE IN EUROPE: JUSTeU! SOPHIE KERBACHER Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Austria Contact: sophie.kerbacher@cfi.lbg.ac.at MICHAEL PFEIFER Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Austria Contact: michael.pfeifer@cfi.lbg.ac.at SIMONE LESKI Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Austria Contact: simone.leski@cfi.lbg.ac.at REINGARD RIENER-HOFER Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Austria Contact: hofer@cfi.lbg.ac.at Keywords: JUSTeU!, clinical forensic examination, victims' rights, Directive (EU) 2012/29, CFN Europe Victims' rights differ in the member states of the European Union. The Directive (EU) 2012/29 implements a minimum standard on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. An important part of this victim support should be the access to clinical forensic examinations. These examinations are especially relevant for documentation and preservation of evidence in cases of rape or sexual assault. Under the Justice program JUST/2015/ SPOB/AG/vICT (Action grants to support national or transnational projects to enhance the rights of victims of crime/victims of violence) the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging (LBI CFI) leads the project “JUSTeU!”, which pursues minimum standards for clinical forensic examinations in Europe and the foundation of a permanent CFN Europe (Clinical Forensic Network for Europe). The discussion regarding the establishment of such standards on the European level is not only important concerning victims’ rights but also concerning the legal certainty in criminal proceedings. THE IMPORTANCE OF EVIDENCE COLLECTIONIN PROCEDURES FOR CRIMINAL ACTS IN THEFIELD OF ECONOMIC CRIME IN SERBIA MILAN POČUČA Faculty of Law for Commerce and Judiciary, University Business Academy, Serbia Contact: pocucabmilan@gmail.com JELENA MATIJAŠEVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ Faculty of Law for Commerce and Judiciary, University Business Academy, Serbia Contact: jela_sup@yahoo.com Keywords: economic crime, evidence collection, the Criminal Procedural Code, Serbia The purpose of the paper is to analyze the importance of regular means of evidence and particular evidence collection operations in criminal procedures conducted for criminal acts in the field of economic crime in Serbia, bearing in mind the fact that the outcome of criminal procedures in cases regarding criminal acts falling within the economic crime area is greatly dependent on the quality of collected evidence. The primary method applied in this work is the method of theoretical content analysis, along with the essential methods of concretization and specialization, as well as the normative and analytic-deductive data analysis methods. After examining the research data and analyzing the relevant attitudes of contemporary legal theory, conclusions have been drawn which point to the practical importance of application of means of evidence in general, and in particular special evidence collection operations in practice, with general recommendations for broader application. QUALITY OF PROVISIONS OF THE RUSSIANCRIMINAL CODE ON THE LIABILITY FORSEXUAL ASSAULT ARSENIY A. BIMBINOV Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Russia Contact: bimbinov@yandex.ru ROK HACIN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: rok.hacin@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: Criminal code, sexual assault, rape, violence, Russia Crimes against the sexual integrity and sexual freedom are regarded as some of the most dangerous violations of an individual well-being. It has been proven that coexistence of Articles 131 (criminal liability for sexual intercourse) and 132 (criminal liability for various sexual acts) of the Russian Criminal code leads to a number of issues, as it is basically impossible to impose Article 131 alone in the case of rape. Subdivision of sexual violence into two elements, one of which only includes the intercourse, and the other all the rest, leads to violation of the concept of justice. Based on the thorough study of the articles that refer to the sexual integrity and sexual freedom, and their implications in practice, a proposition of a single Article providing criminal liability for any acts of sexual violence was formed. Panel 10 Private and Corporate Security PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES AS PART OF APOTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY INTHE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA DARKO PRAŠIČEK Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: apeedpsp@gmail.com Keywords: private security services, intelligence services, Republic of Slovenia, open sources This study discusses the cooperation between private security services, national intelligence and security services, and companies, regardless of their ownership, in the Republic of Slovenia by mutually sharing open source data. The analysis of the quantitative research on private security services and the qualitative research will determine the current state. Systematic cooperation with regard to sharing open source data and information in the Republic of Slovenia has been fairly unexploited and represents a challenge for the cooperation. The research is limited to the state of cooperation related to systematic sharing of data and information as a form of an intelligence activity to safety and economic development. The research findings will be useful when establishing a potential intelligence community in the Republic of Slovenia, which some countries have been familiar with for a long time. POLICY FOR EFFECTIVE REALIZATION OFCORPORATE SECURITY TATJANA GERGINOVA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: tanjagerginova@gmail.com Keywords: corporate security, risks, security policy, security management The realization of security in the modern corporation is linked to the achievement of the goals and values of the corporation. The author will apply a qualitative research approach that will enable the use of a number of methods and techniques to analyze the concept of corporate security, identify content that constitutes corporate security and create assumptions for the effective realization of security in the modern corporation. The author will use the following methods: analytical method, descriptive method, and method analysis of content analysis. Due to the efficient functioning of the corporation, security management will need to follow the two basic groups of reasons for the onset of crisis (internal and external). The author finds that these reasons for the occurrence of the crisis reflect the objective situation in the state, the situation of the market, as well as the impact of inadequate or adequate legislation and by laws. ANALYSING MACEDONIAN TRANSLATIONS OFENGLISH TERMS RELATED TO PRIVATESECURITY VESNA TRAJKOVSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: trajkovska_vesna@yahoo.com SAŠE GERASIMOSKI Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: sasegerasimoski@gmail.com SNEŽANA NIKODINOVSKA-STEFANOVSKA Faculty of Security Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Macedonia Contact: snikodinovska@gmail.com Keywords: private security, translation, English, Macedonian The paper focuses on the analysis of the Macedonian translations of two English private security terms by the students of the Faculty of Security in Skopje. To this end, the authors designed a questionnaire with English sentences containing the selected terms that were to be translated into Macedonian. The questionnaire was distributed to two groups of students: (a) students who have attended lectures in English language but have not attended lectures in System of Private Security, and (b) students who have attended lectures in both subjects. The authors expected that the students with knowledge of both subjects would provide more accurate answers in choosing the Macedonian lexical equivalents. Besides determining students’ knowledge of the meanings of the selected terms, the research findings will also help the authors to reassess and tailor the syllabi in the respective subjects in order to better meet students’ needs. A STEPCHILD OF THE HUNGARIAN LAWENFORCEMENT SYSTEM? FUNCTION ANDPUBLIC IMAGE OF THE HUNGARIAN LOCALGOVERNMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENTORGANIZATIONS LÁSZLÓ CHRISTIÁN Faculty of Law Enforcement, National University of Public Service, Hungary Contact: christian.laszlo@uni-nke.hu JÓZSEF BACSÁRDI Joint Local Governmental Office of Bábolna, Hungary Contact: jozsef.bacsardi@gmail.com Keywords: local governmental law enforcement, municipal police, public judgment, police, cooperation This paper summarizes some results of the local governmental law enforcement research in Hungary and describes the function and the public image of the Hungarian local governmental law enforcement organisations. The Hungarian law enforcement organisations in Budapest and in the city counties were researched by a complex survey. The public image of the Hungarian law enforcement organisations was examined using the most important national and county newspapers. According to the most important findings, it is proved that there are some anomalies in the function and legislation of the local governmental law enforcement and the public image of the local governmental law enforcement organisations are much better in the county media than in the national media. Panel 11 Security Issues A CONFLICT/SOLUTION MODEL FOR THEWESTERN BALKANS – A WORKING GROUP FORA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT JANEZ JUVAN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: janez@juvan.si BOJAN DOBOVŠEK Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: bojan.dobovsek@fvv.uni-mb.si ANDREJ SOTLAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: andrej.sotlar@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: international community, Western Balkans, conflict solutions, EU enlargement This article explains the engagement of the International Community in the Western Balkans. In order to help the integration of Western Balkan countries into the EU, a working group for a development project shall be implemented into the EU integration process within the context of peace processes. The International Community should support regional stability procedures so that EU candidate countries undertake the necessary activities faster and more diligently. Interviews and the benchmarking of the best practices and syntheses from meta-analyses have brought us to the conclusion that EU enlargement is unlikely to be realistic in the coming years. Therefore, an appropriate security concept in the Western Balkans will still be an important factor. The region needs strict commitment to the rule of law, the construction of functioning state institutions, socio-economic reforms, prosperity for the welfare state and the elimination of nationalist interests as the primary driver for local politicians. PEACETIME ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY AS ASOURCE OF THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENTIN CONTEXT OF GREEN CRIMINOLOGY SILVO GRČAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: silvo.grcar@student.um.si Keywords: environmental crime, green criminology, armed forces, military, environmental harm Purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of peacetime military activities with adverse impact to the environment and to present those in context of green criminology. Thus, our aim is to create a typology of those peacetime military activities that are causing environmental harm. The military with its capacities and as institution legitimated by state, even during peacetime activities, has the potential of causing environmental harm or environmental crime. Since the military is operating in different components of natural environment, we assume that peacetime activities of the military have an adverse effect on land, water and air components. This assumption dictates the need to produce the typology of those peacetime military activities which have harmful effects to the environment. Typology is general since it encapsulates those environmental harmful activities which are evident from different geographical locations worldwide and are commonly find among different states armed forces. PREVENTING RADICALISATION IN WESTERNBALKANS: ROLE OF POLICE AND MULTI-STAKEHOLDER APPROACH KAJA PRISLAN Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: kaja.prislan@fvv.uni-mb.si ALBERT ČERNIGOJ Counter Terrorism and Extreme Violence Department, Police, Slovenia Contact: albert.cernigoj@policija.si BRANKO LOBNIKAR Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: branko.lobnikar@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: police, radicalisation, multi-stakeholder approach, prevention, Western Balkans Terrorism and radicalization, which leads to violent extremism represent a persisting security threat to the Western Balkans. In the past few decades, Western Balkan countries have been considered as a breeding ground for religious radicals and violent extremism. Tackling violent extremism was traditionally a task for security based sector agencies only. Nowadays, the police have a crucial role in facilitating a preventive multi-stakeholder approach at the local or regional level, particularly in local settings. The paper presents preliminary findings of a study, conducted on the sample of different stakeholders (e.g. police, NGOs, local government representatives, civil society members, religious communities) responsible for dealing with the (de)radicalisation in different Western Balkan countries. The data were collected during training courses, which were carried out in the scope of the EU-funded First Line Project on preventing radicalisation in 2017. Respondents evaluated the effectiveness of different institutions involved in the (de)radicalisation process. SECURITIZATION OF MIGRATION ANDMIGRATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEANUNION MATIJA FRČKOInternational Police Cooperation Department, Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, Croatia Contact: mfrcko@mup.hr DAVOR SOLOMUN Zagreb Police College, Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia Croatia. Contact: dsolomun@fkz.hr Keywords: EU internal security, migration, regulatory framework, securitization This paper analyzes the internal security aspect and practical application of the EU strategic and regulatory framework in the field of migration and asylum. It evaluates consistency of the security objectives and strategies of individual Member States with regard to standards of fundamental rights protection and declared common goals and values from the beginning of European migration crisis in 2015 until today. The understanding of the referent object is questioned, since the securitization of migration contributes to delegitimization of migrations through the increased public perception of threats. Questions of justification and proportionality of the law enforcement encroachment on particular human rights and freedoms arise. The analysis based on the secondary data collected from the media and the official records of the agencies and bodies of the EU did not provide sufficient evidence on the securitization of migration in the EU. NUCLEAR SECTOR: I HAVE NOTHINGIMPORTANT ON MY COMPUTER, OR DO I? SAMO TOMAŽIČFaculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: samo.tomazic@gmail.com BOJAN DOBOVŠEKFaculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: bojan.dobovsek@fvv.uni-mb.si IGOR BERNIKFaculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: igor.bernik@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: nuclear sector, cybersecurity, social engineering, sensitive information, cyber-attack Nuclear sector comprises many sensitive information. Their compromise could affect nuclear safety and the results could be catastrophic for people and the environment. Therefore, this information needs to be protected from cyber-attacks. In recent years, cyber attackers have proven that they are becoming more motivated, have various intentions, capabilities, knowledge, funding and tactics. Do we really know what are they looking for, what information is sensitive, and how to protect? Nuclear security community is not always willing to share information, especially lessons learned. Revealing those could compromise an overall security. Based on the synthesis and best practices, obtained during structured interviews, several of most needed and fairly easy implemented protective measures will be presented. The research is an important contribution to a better understanding cyber security, cyber-attacks and sensitive information in sectors, where facilities are built for a relatively long period of time. Panel 12 Crime and Crime Prevention ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL WASTE ASTRANSNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HARMAND CRIME ANDREJA ROŽNIK Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: andreja.roznik@student.um.si GORAZD MEŠKO Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: electrical and electronic waste, e-waste, transnational environmental crime, illegal trade, situational crime prevention Human beings are deluged with ever-evolving electronic and electrical equipment, which is produced in enormous quantities and bought by consumers. Excessive consumption simultaneously yields electrical and electronic waste (e-waste). Around 80% of the yearly generated e-waste is inappropriately managed, recycled and illegally disposed of in developing countries. This causes significant harm to human health and the natural environment. In the case of acts of illegal shipment and trade at the international level, e-waste becomes part of the category of pollution crime and broader as one of transnational environmental crimes. This paper discusses transnational environmental crime and focuses on e-waste, its characteristics, toxicity and illegal trade. It is suggested that Clarke’s situational crime prevention methods be used to curb illegal e-waste trafficking, since e-waste crime is driven by both opportunity and rational choice. FEATURES OF CRIME PREVENTION FORMINOR INTENSIVE OFFENDERS YULIA SOKOL Faculty of Law, Kuban State University, Russia Contact: ulya-sokol@mail.ru Keywords: criminology, minor offenders, minor intensive offenders, prevention, crime Minor intensive offenders (hereinafter referred to as MIOs) represent an independent criminological category. This group of minor offenders (3-7%) makes from one to two thirds of all registered crimes of the age group in different countries. In different countries there are various criteria according to which juvenile offenders can be classified as MIOs, including minor age of the offender, commission of 3 and more crimes within one year, etc. Most of professional adult criminals started their criminal career at minor age. However special criminal policy on MIOs crime prevention is not being developed in every country. It is necessary to actively make use of positive experience of all countries to develop special measures of counteraction to MIO crimes, implementing it [experience] according to national, cultural and historical traditions of certain states. In this regard “Kurve kriegen”, a special program for prevention of crimes by minor intensive offenders (Germany), deserves special attention. CRYPTOVIRAL EXTORTION AS A GLOBALPROBLEM OF CYBERSECURITY VASILII A. TIRRANEN Department of Criminal Law & Criminology, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Russia Contact: law.tirranen@ya.ru Keywords: cybercrime, cryptovirus, cybersecurity, virtual space Cryptoviruses are the one of the most important threats to cybersecurity nowadays. Cryptoviruses penetrate into computer systems through vulnerabilities and encrypt important files using symmetric key-based encryption algorithms with variable key length (Rijndael and Blowfish). Global cryptoviral attacks began last year: WannaCry in May, NotPetya in June; BadRabbit in October (Kaspersky Lab, 2017). viruses spread automatically and forced information owners to pay a fee for the description. Mentioned viruses were created on the basis of the virus developments of the US National Security Agency (EternalBlue, DoublePulsar), stolen by the hacker group TheShadowBrokers. Counteraction to such global cybercrimes is possible only with joint efforts of most countries. The unification of criminal legislation on cybercrime of all participating countries including the criminal codes of Russia and Slovenia is required. At the present time, such cybercrime as cryptovirus extortion is not found in the legislation or in the law enforcement practice of most countries. ASSETS-BASED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONIN SLOVENIA – CASE STUDIES AND THEIRPOLICY IMPLICATIONS BOŠTJAN SLAK Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: bostjan.slak@fvv.uni-mb.si EVA BERTOK Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: eva.bertok@fvv.uni-mb.si DANIJELA FRANGEŽ Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: danijela.frangez@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: Asset-Based Approach (ABA), NasVIZ, CONA Fužine, juveniles Teaching and empowering persons who have experienced traumatic events (war conflicts, any form of violence or abuse, any form of social exclusion) or are showing deviant behaviour themselves is unquestionably difficult, complex and surrounded by numerous issues. In the past, the so-called Asset-Based Approach [ABA] was recognised as a good approach for tackling these issues. In terminological sense, ABA is not recognised in Slovenia, however, in behaviouristic sense, it is frequently used. Two case studies of projects that are using ABA in their work with juveniles were analysed in order to assess its usefulness in the Slovene context and to document the gathered know-how for future use. These case studies have indicated that there are certain issues in this area of work; nevertheless, ABA is still recognised as a good practice for tackling problems and is often applied as a direct response to problems arising from inadequate legislation and policy-making. Panel 13 Criminal Investigation INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDRENIN TURKEY HUSEYIN BATMAN Ministry of Family and Social Policies, Turkey Contact: socialbatman@gmail.com Keywords: interview, child, legal system, interview rooms, crime The interview has been described as a conversation with a purpose, and the purpose in a criminal investigation is the gathering of evidence, allowing the interviewee to have a voice, and supporting the progress of the investigation. In recent decades, children’s involvement in the legal system as victims and witnesses has intensified. Large numbers of children are victims of sexual abuse. For example, a report by the NSPCC & Tower Hamlets ACPC suggests that a total of one million children in the UK, are abused each year. Child sexual abuse differs from other forms of childhood victimization in that there is usually no witness apart from the victim and the accused and often no physical evidence. This has increased the importance of obtaining and evaluating information provided by children. In Turkey there has been significant progress in the field of investigative interviewing of children in the last years. INTERROGATING SUSPECTS OF CRIME INSLOVENIA IGOR AREH Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: igor.areh@fvv.uni-mb.si BENJAMIN FLANDER Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Contact: benjamin.flander@fvv.uni-mb.si Keywords: police interrogation, confession, psychological coercion and manipulation, privilege against self-incrimination, Slovenia In most countries, the practice of police interrogation is veiled in mystery. We know very little of the methods and techniques used by police interrogators. There are several reasons for this. First, in many countries audio or video (or audio-visual) recording of police interrogation is not mandatory, second, in many countries the presence of a lawyer during interrogation is not always obligatory, and third, in most countries there is no mechanism of direct internal control of the conduct of interrogators. Despite exceptional developments in forensic science, the importance of obtaining testimonial evidence including confession from suspects continues to be a crucial element in criminal investigation. This paper examines how police interrogation is regulated in constitutional and criminal procedural law and what methods and techniques are used by the Slovenian police when interrogating suspects of crime. THE WAY OF HANDLING EVIDENCE OFCRIMINAL OFFENCES OF COMPUTER CRIME ALEKSANDAR IVANOVIĆ Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Contact: ialeksandar@t-com.me Keywords: digital forensics, evidence handling, accreditation, ISO 17025 This paper describes how to handle digital evidence in managing criminal investigations. It provides a way for digital evidence to be packaged, flagged and sent to expertise in the Forensic Centre. At the end of the work, a proposal was made on how to deal with digital evidence in order to exclude the possibility of contamination, replacement, abuse and subsequent changes, which is the accreditation of forensic laboratories according to the ISO 17025 standard. Roundtable 2 From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policing A Roundtable: Common Sense, Evidence-Based, or Politically-Made Safety and Security Policy GORAZD MEŠKO CHAIR 1.Final remarks by plenary speakers. 2.What to do to improve the relationship between the policymakers whenconfronted with arguments on common sense, evidence-based, or politically-made safety and security policy? Researcher: Nicholas P. Lovrich (WSU, USA) Practitioner: Rajko Kozmelj (DCAF, Switzerland, Slovenia) Politician: Bojan Dobovšek (Former member of the Slovenian Parliament) The discussants will try to answer the questions about who takes part in policy-making processes and who influences these processes, and how. The main issue here is the role of researchers, practitioners, and politicians in policy-making. The classical division of state powers into the legislative, executive and judicial branches in the system of checks and balances, where the three control each other, has long been surpassed and is being upgraded with the inclusion of the media as the fourth branch of power, supposedly independent but in fact controlled by others. But who controls the media? Who actually influences policy-makers, researchers, practitioners and politicians when forming policies? We will also try to answer the question whether the rule of law in late-modern society still works or not. Therefore, the roundtable will aim to shed more light on who runs and influences policy-making processes when security questions are raised and how this is done. The International Biennial Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe: From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making, (Ljubljana, 25-27 September, 2018) was organised by the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia. logo-um-fvv-ang The organisers are grateful for the support and partnership in organising the 12th conference on Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe of the following institutions and organisations: The Slovenian Research Agency (the project on Safety and Security in Local Communities, 2015-2018, number P5-0397; bilateral subprojects on Community Policing and Prevention of Radicalisation in Slovenia and Croatia, 2018-2020; and Safety and Security in Tourist Resorts in Slovenia and Russia, 2016-2018) DCAF – a Centre for Security and the Rule of Law, Office Ljubljana (a project on Support to Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) in the Western Balkans (Grant Contract 2017/386-831) The Slovenian Police Logotip_Policije The European Group of Research into Norms (GERN), Guyancourt, France GERN2 The Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology A Roundtable: A Project ‘Safety and Security of Cyberspace Users – Criminological, Victimological and Preventative Aspects’ GORAZD MEŠKO CHAIR IGOR BERNIK, ROK HACIN, IVAN, M. KLEIMENOV, BLAŽ MARKELJ, ELMEDIN MURATBEGOVIĆ, KAJA PRISLAN, SIMON VRHOVEC, VASILII A. TIRRANEN PARTICIPANTS Due to exponential technology development and encompassing cyber threats and crimes, cybersecurity has become an important element of security at all levels (individual, economic, national and global). The practice shows that the number of users who are exposed to cyber threats is increasing. Relatively little is known about the actual prevalence of cybercrime, accompanying factors and consequences cybercrime has for users/society (Leukfeldt & Yar, 2016; UNODC, 2013; Wall, 2004). Usually, crime is measured by means of official statistics, which are extremely inadequate in the field of cybercrime due to the low level of reporting. Mostly commercial studies and incomparable taxonomies of cyber threats (Furnell, Emm, & Papadaki, 2015) are available, while scientific studies tend to be directed towards individual groups of users or deal with technology-driven threats, and not with threats having a direct influence on users, despite recent tendencies to broaden the scope of this issue (e.g. Näsi, Oksanen, Keipi, & Räsänen, 2016). However, these studies do not provide concrete answers regarding victimisation, users’ fear of cybercrime, the influence of radical propaganda, post-victimisation experiences and factors leading to (re)victimisation. All in all, the success of threats (victimogenesis) depends on users’ exposure and their behaviour. After a presentation of research ideas of the project Safety and Security of Cyberspace Users – Criminological, Victimological and Preventative Aspects carried out by the project team from Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor and the editorial from the European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, a discussion on perspectives of safety and security of cybercrime users will follow. PANEL 3 PENOLOGY – PUNISHMENT 28 RESEARCH UTILIZATION IN THE PRISON SECURITY POLICY-MAKING PROCESS: THE MACEDONIAN EXPERIENCE Marija Milenkovska 29 THE DUAL NATURE OF LEGITIMACY IN THE PRISON ENVIRONMENT Rok Hacin, Chuck Fields, Gorazd Meško 30 PRISON STAFF-PRISONERS RELATIONS IN SLOVENIAN PRISONS Rok Hacin, Chuck Fields, Gorazd Meško 31 DETERMINATION OF TYPE AND DURATION OF SENTENCES - MACEDONIAN GOVERNMENT’S ARGUMENTS VERSUS CONSTITUTIONAL COURT’S DECISION Katerina Krstevska Savovska 32 PANEL 4 POLICING IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE 33 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN THE HUNGARIAN POLICE - THE LEGACY OF THE PAST AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE Vince Vári 34 POLICE DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE RIGHT TO LIBERTY AND SECURITY OF A PERSON Saša Mijalković, Dragana Cvorović, Veljko Turanjanin 35 POLICE OFFICERS’ AND POLICE EDUCATORS’ RECEPTIVITY TO CONCEPT OF EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING – A COMPARATIVE STUDY Dragana Spasić, Branislav Simonović 36 37 POLICE CONTACT IN RELATION TO CRIME PERCEPTION AND FEAR OF VICTIMIZATION Irena Cajner Mraović, Ksenija Butorac, Branko Lobnikar, Mislav Stjepan Žebec PANEL 5 ORGANISED CRIME AND CORRUPTION 38 ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRITY: AN IMPORTANT STRONGHOLD AGAINST CORRUPTION Jasna Fedran, Branko Ažman, Matevž Bren, Bojan Dobovšek 39 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME Location and time 25 September 2018 Day 1 10.00 - Registration CR 1 12.00-12.30 Opening of the conference CR 1 12.30-14.00 Plenary 1 – From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making and Evidence-based Policing I. Chair: Branko Lobnikar Klára Kerezsi Beyond common sense: Surveillance societies Uglješa Ugi Zvekić Reflections on policing and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development Nicholas P. Lovrich, Jr. Evidence-based practice in policing: Why the potential for improvement is often unrealized Gorazd Meško From evidence-based policy-making to evidence-based policing - A bounded rationality perspective 14.00-14.30 Break CR1 14.30-16.00 Plenary 2 – From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making and Evidence-based Policing II. Chair: Kaja Prislan Biljana Simeunović-Patić Media representations and constructions of crime, offenders and victims: Serbian case Ivan M. Kleimenov Police and judicial response to crime in the Russian Federation Vincenzo Ruggiero Organized crime and terrorist networks in Europe: An empirical research Rajko Kozmelj Prevent-refer-address concept as a multi-stakeholder response to radicalisation in the Western Balkans 16.00-16.15 Break CR1 16.15-17.45 Panel 1 – Police Integrity in Central and Southeastern Europe Chair: Sanja Kutnjak Ivković Barbara Prprović,, Nikolina Nemec, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Irena Cajner Mraović, Kruno Borovec Inside and outside views of the Croatian Police Branko Lobnikar, Gorazd Meško, Kaja Prislan The effects of training in community policing on police officers’ perception of police misconduct Marko Prpić, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Irena Cajner Mraović, Vladimir Božović Shades of blue: Exploring the code of silence in Croatia and Serbia Darko Datzer, Eldan Mujanović, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković Does fair discipline exist: Assessments of discipline fairness by police officers from Bosnia and Herzegovina CR 2 16.15-17.45 Panel 2 – Policing Issues Chair: Nigel South Jessica Jaensch, Nigel South Drug gang activity and policing responses in an English seaside town: “county lines”, “cuckooing” and community impacts Džemal Durić, Robert Šumi Leadership development in Slovenian police: Review and way forward Zoran Đurđević, Slaviša Vuković Current situation and perspectives of intelligence-led policing model in the Republic of Serbia Marija Lučić-Ćatić, Dina Bajraktarević Pajević, Elmedin Muratbegović Attitudes about hate crimes toward lesbians and gay men among police officers: Case study of police forces of Canton Sarajevo Irma Kovčo Vukadin, Kristina Mikulčić Gender differences in perception and attributions of responsibility for unwanted sex CR3 16.15-17.45 Panel 3 – Penology – Punishment Chair: Rok Hacin Marija Milenkovska Research utilization in the prison security policymaking process: The Macedonian experience Rok Hacin, Chuck Fields, Gorazd Meško The dual nature of legitimacy in the prison environment Rok Hacin, Chuck Fields, Gorazd Meško Prison staff-prisoners relations in Slovenian prisons Katerina Krstevska Savovska Determination of type and duration of sentences – Macedonian government’s arguments versus constitutional court’s decision 18.00-20.00 Reception - Hosted by the Dean of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Andrej Sotlar Location and time 26 September 2018 Day 2 CR1 10.00-11.30 Panel 4 – Policing in Central and Southeastern Europe Chair: Irena Cajner Mraović Vince Vári Performance measurement in the Hungarian police - The legacy of the past and the challenges of the future Saša Mijalković, Dragana Cvorović, Veljko Turanjanin Police deprivation of liberty in the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Serbia and the right to liberty and security of a person Dragana Spasić, Branislav Simonović Police officers’ and police educators’ receptivity to concept of evidence-based policing - A comparison study Irena Cajner Mraović, Ksenija Butorac, Branko Lobnikar, Mislav Stjepan Žebec Police contact in relation to crime perception and fear of victimization CR2 10.00-11.30 Panel 5 – Organised Crime and Corruption Chair: Bojan Dobovšek Jasna Fedran, Branko Ažman, Matevž Bren, Bojan Dobovšek Organisational integrity: An important stronghold against corruption Anita Dremel, Renato Matić In sickness and health: Corruption in Croatia and the sane society challenge Svetlana Nikoloska, Marina Malis-Sazdovska, Marija Gjosheva Criminal - legal and criminalistic aspects of the bribery in the Republic of Macedonia Zdravko Skakavac “The pink panther” - A distinctive phenomenon of criminal organizations in a contemporary society Vanda Božić, Željko Nikač Trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation in Croatia and Serbia 11.30-12.00 Break CR1 12.00-13.30 Panel 6 – Legal Perspectives I. Chair: Bojan Tičar Aleksandar R. Ivanović, Branko Munižaba, Radomir Munižaba Relationship between continuity of evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt - With special focus on the criminal procedure legislation of Republic of Serbia Laura Stănilă The new face of criminal law - Towards a better future? Katja Rejec Longar, Katja Šugman Stubbs, Branko Lobnikar Effectiveness of asset recovery in Slovenia - Comparison of police officers’ and prosecutors’ opinions Maja Modic, Martin Muženič, Bojan Tičar A comparative analysis of the legal regulation of weapons in the Republic of Slovenia, the Republic of Italy, and the Republic of Croatia Kristina Pavli, Miha Dvojmoč General data protection regulation (GDPR), the data protection police directive, and the changes to national legislation in the Republic of Slovenia CR2 12.00-13.30 Panel 7 – National Security and Terrorism Chair: Saše Gerasimoski Saše Gerasimoski, Marjan Nikolovski, Marjan Gjurovski Security risks assessment and security policy in the Republic of Macedonia Josip Pavliček, Adriana Vicenca Padovan, Marija Pijaca Criminological and legal aspects of Croatian ports and marinas security Mile Šikman, Velibor Lalić Fear of terrorism - An emerging research agenda in BiH Haris Halilović, Edina Bećirević Prosecuting foreign fighters: Challenges of judicial professional in Bosnia and Herzegovina Jan Břeň, Tomáš Zeman Comparison counter-terrorism legislation changes in selected European countries since 2015 CR3 12.00-13.30 Roundtable 1 – Safety and Security of Cyberspace Users – Criminological, Victimological and Preventative Aspects Chair: Gorazd Meško Participants: Igor Bernik, Rok Hacin, Ivan M. Kleimenov, Blaž Markelj, Elmedin Muratbegović, Kaja Prislan, Simon Vrhovec, Vasilii A. Tirranen 13.30-15.00 Break CR1 15.00-16.30 Panel 8 – Crime, Crime Analysis and Perception of Crime Chair: Muhamed Budimlić Muhamed Budimlić, Muamer Kavazović, Predrag Puharić, Sandra Kobajica Crime mapping in Bosnia and Herzegovina applied on the municipality of Stari Grad in Sarajevo Milan Klisarić, Milorad Bejatović Contemporary methodological concepts of strategic crime assessment - Experience of the police of the Republic of Serbia Snezhana Mojsoska, Nikola Dujovski Economic security and economic security index as a measure of economic security Katja Eman, Branko Lobnikar, Anton Petrovskiy, Gorazd Meško Perceptions of safety/security as factors in selecting a tourist destination: A comparison between Portorož (Slovenia) and Gelendzhik (Russia) CR2 15.00-16.30 Panel 9 – Legal Perspectives II. Chair: Rok Hacin Mojca Rep Key aspects of the efficiency of the Slovenian judiciary - Past vs Future Sophie Kerbacher, Michael Pfeifer, Simone Leski, Reingard Riener-Hofer Juridical standards for clinical forensic examinations of victims of violence in Europe: JUSTeU! Milan Počuča, Jelena Matijašević-Obradović The importance of evidence collection in procedures for criminal acts in the field of economic crime in Serbia Arseniy A. Bimbinov, Rok Hacin Quality of provisions of the Russian criminal code on the liability for sexual assault Grand Hotel Union 19.00-22.00 45 anniversary of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security – Hosted by the Dean of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Andrej Sotlar Location and time 27 September 2018 Day 3 CR1 10.00-11.30 Panel 10 – Private and Corporate Security Chair: László Christián Darko Prašiček Private security services as part of a potential intelligence community in the Republic of Slovenia Tatjana Gerginova Policy for effective realization of corporate security Vesna Trajkovska, Saše Gerasimoski, Snežana Nikodinovska-Stefanovska Analysing Macedonian translations of English terms related to private security László Christián, József Bacsárdi A stepchild of the Hungarian law enforcement system? Function and public image of the Hungarian local government law enforcement organizations CR2 10.00-11.30 Panel 11 – Security Issues Chair: Kaja Prislan Janez Juvan, Bojan Dobovšek, Andrej Sotlar A conflict/solution model for the Western Balkans - A working group for a developmentproject Silvo Grčar Peacetime activities of the military as a source of threat to the environment in context of green criminology Kaja Prislan, Albert Černigoj, Branko Lobnikar Preventing radicalisation in Western Balkans: Role of police and multi-stakeholder approach Matija Frčko, Davor Solomun Securization of migration and migration policy in the European Union Samo Tomažič, Bojan Dobovšek, Igor Bernik Nuclear sector: I have nothing important on my computer, or do I? CR3 10.00-11.30 Panel 12 – Crime and Crime Prevention Chair: Danijela Frangež Andreja Rožnik, Gorazd Meško Electronic and electrical waste as transnational environmental harm and crime Yulia Sokol Features of crime prevention for minor intensive offenders Vasilii A. Tirranen Cryptoviral extortion as a global problem of cybersecurity Boštjan Slak, Eva Bertok, Danijela Frangež Assets-based community participation in Slovenia – Case studies and their policy implications CR4 10.00-11.30 Panel 13 – Criminal Investigation Chair: Benjamin Flander Huseyin Batman Investigative interviewing of children in Turkey Igor Areh, Benjamin Flander Interrogating suspects of crime in Slovenia Aleksandar Ivanović The way of handling evidence of criminal offences of computer crime 11.30-12.00 Break CR1 12.00-13.30 Roundtable 2 – From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy-making and Evidence-based Policing Chair: Gorazd Meško Participants: Nicholas P. Lovrich, Bojan Dobovšek, Rajko Kozmelj 13.30 Closing of the Conference