HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOUR AND HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG THE ADULT ROMA POPULATION IN POMURJE (research results) Branislava Belović Lijana Zaletel Kragelj Jerneja Farkaš Lainščak 1 HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOUR AND HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG THE ADULT (research results) Authors: Branislava Belović, Lijana Zaletel Kragelj, Jerneja Farkaš Lainščak Translation to English: Staša Tkalec Publisher: Pomurje Cancer Society Design: Modriš Place and year: Murska Sobota, 2021 https:/ rak-ms.si https://rak-ms.si/media/publikacije/health_roma_population_pomurje.pdf CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 613.2/.9:616+614.2(497.4-18=214.58)=111 BELOVIĆ, Branislava Health risk behaviour and health conditions among the adult Roma population in Pomurje [Elektronski vir] : (research results) / Branislava Belović, Lijana Zaletel Kragelj, Jerneja Farkaš Lainščak ; [translation to English Staša Tkalec]. - E-knjiga. - Murska Sobota : Pomurje Cancer Society, 2021 Način dostopa (URL): https:/ rak-ms.si/media/publikacije/health_roma_population_pomurje.pdf. - Način dostopa (URL): https:/ rak-ms.si ISBN 978-961-94606-5-8 (PDF) COBISS.SI-ID 59527427 TABLE OF CONTENTS STUDY OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND HEALTH CONDITION AMONG ADULT ROMA POPULATION IN POMURJE … 8 Starting point of the research ……………………………………………………………….. 8 The purpose of the study in the Roma community ………………………………. 9 The goals of the study in the Roma community ……………………………………. 9 Questionnaire ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Sampling ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Surveying ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Statistical analysis …………………………………………………………………………………. 11 RESULTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Description of analysed sample …………………………………………………………….. 13 Use of medical services and health condition ………………………………………. 14 Smoking ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42 Diet …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50 Alcohol ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 92 Body mass ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 99 Physical activity …………………………………………………………………………………….. 101 Traffic safety …………………………………………………………………………………………. 104 3 Acknowledgment: We would like to thank employees of Institute of public health Murska Sobota (now National Institute of Public Health) Ana Fujs, Ivana Žilavec, Cilka Sušec, Zdenka Verban Buzeti and Biljana Kramberger for meticulously conducted data collection in the field. We also thank Ana Fujs for entering and preparing data collected in the field for statistical analysis. 4 5 The research on health-related lifestyles of the Roma population in Pomurje is based on the methodology and the CINDI Health Monitor Survey, which is periodically conducted among the general adult population of Slovenia. This allows comparison between the results obtained in the survey among the Roma population with the results among the general population. The results can serve as a basis for future comparisons as well as a foundation for public health strategies and programmes for health promotion among the Roma population. The authors 6 7 The research on health-related lifestyles of the Roma population in Pomurje is based on the methodology and the CINDI Health Monitor Survey, which is periodically conducted among the general adult population of Slovenia. This allows comparison between the results obtained in the survey among the Roma population with the results among the general population. The results can serve as a basis for future comparisons as well as a foundation for public health strategies and programmes for health promotion among the Roma population. The authors 7 STUDY OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND HEALTH CONDITION AMONG ADULT ROMA POPULATION IN POMURJE STARTING POINT OF THE RESEARCH Illness ratio and premature mortality of inhabitants of the Republic of Slovenia as a consequence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CND) has become such a pressing problem that there was a need felt to research it and solve it. A research on the life-style behaviour showed that the latter is unhealthy. At the same time the inequalities in the health of population of different regions, as well as inequalities among different critical groups, were sensed. Worse medical condition and higher rate of premature mortality among the Roma people caused the need for a cross-sectional study that would represent a basis for the preparation of strategic document aimed at the reduction of inequalities in the health of Roma people. The study titled “The risk factors of non-contagious diseases among adult population of the Roma community” is the first-of-its-kind research conducted among Roma people in Europe. With this study, which was already conducted among the adult population of Slovenia in the years 2001 and 2004, we investigated health-related life-style behaviour of citizens (smoking, dietary and physical activity habits, drinking habits, habits related to the road traffic safety...). The study represents a cross-sectional summary epidemiological analysis and can serve as a tool for determining the scope of phenomena at the level of whole population or population groups. Cross-sectional analyses of public health have a great meaning. Their results help us to: - evaluate health condition of the population and its living habits - exercise monitoring - determine the priority goals and plans for improvement of health condition of the population - assess the measures in the field of public health - plan the activities for the promotion of health. - 8 THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY IN THE ROMA COMMUNITY The studies show that there exist differences between Pomurje region and the rest of Slovenia, as well as within the Pomurje region (ethnic and social-economic groups, women, men...) and are most distinctive among the ethnic groups. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the reduction of differences in health through health promotion. THE GOALS OF THE STUDY IN THE ROMA COMMUNITY The goal of the study among the Roma population in Pomurje was to asses: - health condition and the use of medical services - smoking habits - dietary habits - habits regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages - rough body structure and physical activity habits - habits related to the traffic safety and - social inclusion within their community and outside of it, in connection with: - gender - age - level of education - and conditions in the settlements they reside in. QUESTIONNAIRE Conduction of research included a questionnaire that is used by the WHO in the frame of its programme for the prevention of non-contagious diseases (CINDI - Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention). The questionnaire was adapted to the conditions in the Roma community. 9 The aforementioned questionnaire is used in the CINDI programme to assess the situation at the starting point, before the programme is implemented in the individual country at the country level, and after that every couple of years to evaluate the global progress in the programme - CINDI Health Monitor (CHM). The questionnaire stems from the Finbalt Health Monitor project. In the countries that started implementing the programme before the year 2000, when the questionnaire was agreed at the level of WHO among the CINDI programme member states, the questionnaire is used as a supporting instrument to the fundamental CINDI researches (CINDI Risk Factor/Process Evaluation) that are intended for demonstration areas of this programme. We decided to use this questionnaire in order to make the research comparable to other similar researches and studies in Slovenia. Since CHM type of research has been carried out in Slovenia among the adult population at the national level, we decided to use the same approach also for research in the Roma community. We introduced CHM researches in Slovenia in 2001 and titled them “Health-related behavioural style”. The content of the questionnaire for Slovenia is divided into following groups of data: - basic demographic data of the respondent - habits associated with the use of certain medical services and the assessments of respondent’s health condition - smoking - diet - alcohol - body weight, height, physical activity habits and - traffic safety. The questionnaire included predominantly closed questions. The questionnaire for Roma community was altered with regard to questions where this community strongly differentiates from the majority population. The majority of Roma population are namely unemployed. We also added a group of questions that solely refer to the Roma community and relations within it. 10 SAMPLING Sampling was carried out in the following way: 1. Roma villages (settlements), where surveying took place, were randomly drawn. 2. In Pušča, a bigger Roma settlement, we selected the respondents with the use of register – we selected every third person. 3. In other villages (settlements) we visited almost every house and if the family member met the age criteria, he was asked to take part in the survey. 4. We tried to make sure that both genders were represented as equally as possible. 5. Some residents were not at home, some were older than 65 years and some refused to take part in the survey. SURVEYING Survey was conducted by the qualified professionals of Institute for health protection Murska Sobota and nurses holding a university degree employed at the Community nursing and home care of the Outpatient clinic Murska Sobota. Survey took place from December 2005 until the middle of March 2006 in 18 Roma settlements: Vadarci, Vanča vas, Pušča, Kamenci, Dolina, Dolič, Gornji Slaveči, Zenkovci, Kuštanovci, Dobrovnik, Lemerje, Gornji Črnci, Krašči, Domajinci, Ropoča, Borejci, Sotina and Serdica. We surveyed 259 randomly chosen adults from the Roma community, aged between 25 and 65. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We used descriptive statistical analysis for descriptive data. We only analysed questions if the reliability of data was high enough. The answers to these questions were compared at the level of the whole group and after that on the basis of gender, age, education and settlement (in the sense of more or less favourable living conditions). 11 To prevent data from being too scattered we arranged the parameters (gender, age, education and settlement) into the following categories:  gender  age (25-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51 years and more)  education (unfinished primary school, primary school, vocational school or more) and  settlement in the sense of more or less favourable living conditions (favourable conditions: Vadarci, Vanča vas, Pušča, Zenkovci, Lemerje and Borejci; less favourable conditions: Kamenci, Dolina, Dolič, Gornji Slaveči, Kuštanovci, Dobrovnik, Gornji Črnci, Krašči, Domajinci, Ropoča, Sotina and Serdica). Not only questions but also answers analysed in this publication were joint together when necessary. We processed data with SPSS programme (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and used the tabular display to present it. 12 RESULTS DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSED SAMPLE Answers of one respondent were eliminated, that is why we analysed 258 surveys. Statistical distribution according to the gender, age groups, educational groups and groups created with regard to living conditions in the settlements is presented in the following chart. R S HE HE N ET UP G BY T RO % TO N G GENDER male 258 101 39.1 female 157 60.9 AGE 25-30 years 258 51 19.8 31-40 years 71 27.5 41-50 years 68 26.4 51 years and more 68 26.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 239 131 54.8 Primary school 66 27.6 Vocational school or more 42 17.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 258 129 50.0 Less favourable conditions 129 50.0 13 USE OF MEDICAL SERVICES AND HEALTH CONDITION 1. Do you have an additional health insurance? % Yes No TOGETHER 64.0 36.0 GENDER male 55.4 44.6 female 69.4 30.6 AGE 25-30 years 39.2 60.8 31-40 years 53.5 46.5 41-50 years 76.5 23.5 51 years and more 80.9 19.1 Unfinished primary EDUCATION school 61.1 38.9 Primary school 63.6 36.4 Vocational school or more 64.3 35.7 Favourable SETTLEMENT conditions 72.1 27.9 Less favourable conditions 55.8 44.2 WHOLE GROUP: All respondents have basic health insurance. 64% of the respondents also have an additional health insurance. GENDER: More women (in %) than men have an additional health insurance. AGE: The percentage of Roma people with additional health insurance increases with age, so that more than 81% of Roma people that are over 50 years old have an additional health insurance. EDUCATION: The percentage of Roma people with additional health insurance slightly increases with the level of education. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of Roma people with additional health insurance is much higher in settlements with favourable living conditions than in settlements with less favourable living conditions. 14 2. How many times in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you visited a general practitioner or a specialist? % es 10 es e es es tim han es tim tim tim tim 0 1 e t tim 2-3 4-5 6-10 or m TOGETHER 19.8 7.8 13.2 10.5 12.8 36.0 GENDER Male 26.7 10.9 12.9 11.9 9.9 27.7 Female 15.3 5.7 13.4 9.6 14.6 41.4 AGE 25-30 years 29.4 11.8 11.8 7.8 11.8 27.5 31-40 years 26.8 14.1 18.3 9.9 15.5 15.5 41-50 years 10.3 4.4 11.8 13.2 11.8 48.5 51 years and more 14.7 1.5 10.3 10.3 11.8 51.5 Unfinished primary EDUCATION school 14.5 7.6 11.5 9.9 15.3 41.2 Primary school 28.8 7.6 15.2 9.1 9.1 30.3 Vocational school or more 23.8 9.5 19.0 16.7 9.5 21.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 17.8 5.4 15.5 10.9 12.4 38.0 Less favourable conditions 21.7 10.1 10.9 10.1 13.2 34.1 WHOLE GROUP: Almost 20% of the Roma people have never visited a general practitioner or a specialist (until one year before the survey). However, no less than 36% of the Roma people have visited a general practitioner or a specialist more than 10 times. GENDER: Women visit a general practitioner or a specialist more often than men. AGE: The number of visits increases with age. In the age group over 50 years the percentage of Roma people, who have visited a general practitioner or a specialist more than 10 times, increases to 51.5%. EDUCATION: The number of visits decreases with the level of education. SETTLEMENT: Roma people that live in settlements with favourable living conditions visit a general practitioner or a specialist a little less often than Roma people from settlements with less favourable conditions. 15 3. When did you have your last appointment with a gynaecologist? (women only) 4. How many times in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you seen the dentist? % % f es ly go 4 es s o tim ore ent es go a n go tim r a rs ha a 0 time m tim rs 1-3 4 frequ 0 yea yea re t 1 yea 2-3 Mo TOGETHER 64.5 20.3 15.2 TOGETHER GENDER Male 65.0 23.0 12.0 GENDER Male Female 64.1 18.6 17.3 Female 12.2 52.5 17.3 18.0 AGE 25-30 years 66.7 17.6 15.7 AGE 25-30 years 7.1 75.0 10.7 7.1 31-40 years 61.4 27.1 11.4 31-40 years 14.0 60.5 9.3 16.3 41-50 years 60.3 17.6 22.1 41-50 years 3.0 51.5 21.2 24.2 51 years and more 70.1 17.9 11.9 51 years and more 22.9 25.7 28.6 22.9 Unfinished primary Unfinished primary EDUCATION school 73.8 16.9 9.2 EDUCATION school 14.3 41.6 18.2 26.0 Primary school 58.5 21.5 20.0 Primary school 13.3 63.3 10.0 13.3 Vocational school or Vocational school or more 45.2 31.0 23.8 more 13.0 69.6 8.7 8.7 Favourable SETTLEMENT conditions SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 58.1 24.8 17.1 8.1 56.5 16.1 19.4 Less favourable Less favourable conditions 15.6 49.4 18.2 16.9 conditions 70.9 15.7 13.4 WHOLE GROUP OF WOMEN: 12.2% of the Roma women have never had an appointment with a gynaecologist, WHOLE GROUP: The respondents rarely visit a dentist. 64.5% have never had a dentist appointment and 25.8% while more than 18% had it more than 4 years ago. have visited a dentist 1-3 times. AGE: The highest percentage of women that have never visited a gynaecologist is in the oldest age group GENDER: Women visit a dentist a little more frequently than men. (almost 23%). Moreover, the percentage of women that visited a gynaecologist more than 4 years ago, increases with age. AGE: The percentage of respondents that have not visited a dentist increases with age and in the oldest age group reaches more than 70%. EDUCATION: The percentage of women that have never visited a gynaecologist does not really depend on the level of education, although it is slightly higher among the least educated women. However, the percentage EDUCATION: The most educated respondents visit a dentist notably more often than the other two groups of of women who visited gynaecologist more than 4 years ago decreases with educational level. respondents. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of women that have never visited a gynaecologist is higher among women that SETTLEMENT: Roma people living in the settlements with less favourable living conditions visit a dentist reside in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. However, the percentage of women that notably less frequently than respondents that live in less favourable conditions. visited a gynaecologist more than 4 years ago is slightly higher among women from settlements with favourable living conditions. 16 17 4. How many times in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you seen the dentist? % f ly es es s o ent tim tim ore 0 time m 1-3 4 frequ TOGETHER 64.5 20.3 15.2 GENDER Male 65.0 23.0 12.0 Female 64.1 18.6 17.3 AGE 25-30 years 66.7 17.6 15.7 31-40 years 61.4 27.1 11.4 41-50 years 60.3 17.6 22.1 51 years and more 70.1 17.9 11.9 Unfinished primary EDUCATION school 73.8 16.9 9.2 Primary school 58.5 21.5 20.0 Vocational school or more 45.2 31.0 23.8 Favourable SETTLEMENT conditions 58.1 24.8 17.1 Less favourable conditions 70.9 15.7 13.4 WHOLE GROUP: The respondents rarely visit a dentist. 64.5% have never had a dentist appointment and 25.8% have visited a dentist 1-3 times. GENDER: Women visit a dentist a little more frequently than men. AGE: The percentage of respondents that have not visited a dentist increases with age and in the oldest age group reaches more than 70%. EDUCATION: The most educated respondents visit a dentist notably more often than the other two groups of respondents. SETTLEMENT: Roma people living in the settlements with less favourable living conditions visit a dentist notably less frequently than respondents that live in less favourable conditions. 17 5. How many times in the last year (12 months) have you been hospitalized? % ly es es es or ent tim ore 0 tim 1 im m 2 t frequ TOGETHER 74.3 19.5 6.2 GENDER Male 81.2 14.9 4.0 Female 69.9 22.4 7.7 AGE 25-30 years 76.5 17.6 5.9 31-40 years 80.0 15.7 4.3 41-50 years 69.1 23.5 7.4 51 years and more 72.1 20.6 7.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 74.8 19.8 5.3 Primary school 75.8 15.2 9.1 Vocational school or more 69.0 23.8 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 73.6 19.4 7.0 Less favourable conditions 75.0 19.5 5.5 WHOLE GROUP: More than 25% of the Roma people were hospitalised in the last year. GENDER: The percentage of hospitalised respondents is slightly higher among women (30%) than among men (less than 20%). AGE: The highest percentage of respondents that have been hospitalised in the last year can be found in the age group between 41 and 50 years (more than 30%). EDUCATION: Respondents with the highest level of education (30%) have been hospitalised more frequently than respondents from other two groups. SETTLEMENT: There are no notable differences in the frequency of hospitalisation that could be related to different living conditions in Roma settlements. 18 6. Have you had any of the following symptoms or complaints during the last month (30 days)? % "YES" ANSWERS ty ng ain h t ug uri ctivi p ee other m l a ain f f neck ts) co hleg o ain d ica k p r/ ain ( t p p join istent lling phys bac ulde nt rs with p Joi Pe Swe ches the Sho TOGETHER 17.1 43.8 20.9 31.0 10,5 22.2 GENDER Male 11.9 35.6 14.9 30.7 5,9 13.0 Female 20.4 49.0 24.8 31.2 13,4 28.0 AGE 25-30 years 11.8 11.8 2.0 7.8 7,8 8.0 31-40 years 8.5 39.4 21.1 22.5 7,0 11.3 41-50 years 20.6 63.2 32.4 44.1 7,4 27.9 51 years and more 26.5 52.9 23.5 44.1 19,1 38.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 17.6 48.1 22.9 32.8 13,7 26.7 Primary school 15.2 40.9 24.2 37.9 7,6 21.2 Vocational school or more 14.3 28.6 9.5 14.3 4,8 9.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 24.0 49.6 29.5 39.5 10,1 25.8 Less favourable conditions 10.1 38.0 12.4 22.5 10,9 18.6 WHOLE GROUP: According to respondents’ general observation back pain, headache and joint pain are the most frequent health problems. GENDER: Also men listed back pain, headache and joint pain as the most frequent health problems. Women on the other hand pointed out headache, back pain and joint pain as their most frequent problems. AGE: The respondents in the age group from 25 to 30 years listed headache as the most frequent problem, followed by depression and toothache. The respondents aged from 31 to 40 years most frequently pointed out back pain, headache and joint pain as their health problems. Respondents aged between 41 and 50 were most frequently facing back pain, headache and joint pain. 19 7. Have you had any of the following symptoms or complaints during the last month (30 days)? - 8. Diseases diagnosed by a doctor continuation 8a. Is your blood pressure over 140/90? % "YES" ANSWERS % n y io a he sion ed ed r ni r lerg ipat dache m res hac yea Al st Inso iagnos iagnos Con Hea Dep Toot d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha TOGETHER 12.0 1.9 40.7 20.9 20.9 14.7 , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes GENDER Male 9.9 1.0 26.7 12.9 12.9 14.9 TOGETHER 67.1 17.1 15.9 Female 13.4 2.5 49.7 26.1 26.1 14.6 GENDER Male 74.3 13.9 11.9 AGE 25-30 years 9.8 2.0 31.4 5.9 15.7 15.7 Female 62.4 19.1 18.5 31-40 years 11.3 0.0 38.0 12.7 21.1 16.9 41-50 years 13.2 1.5 41.2 32.4 20.6 14.7 AGE 25-30 years 92.2 5.9 2.0 51 years and more 13.2 4.4 50.0 29.4 25.0 11.8 31-40 years 83.1 9.9 7.0 41-50 years 57.4 17.6 25.0 Unfinished primary 51 years and more 41.2 32.4 26.5 EDUCATION school 11.5 0.0 46.6 24.4 23.7 11.5 Primary school 15.2 4.5 33.3 12.1 18.2 15.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school Vocational school or 60.3 21.4 18.3 more Primary school 11.9 2.4 31.0 16.7 19.0 23.8 74.2 10.6 15.2 Vocational school or more 85.7 7.1 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 14.0 3.1 39.5 23.3 20.9 15.5 Less favourable SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 65.1 19.4 15.5 conditions 10.1 0.8 41.9 18.6 20.9 14.0 Less favourable conditions 69.0 14.7 16.3 EDUCATION: The respondents that have not finished primary school listed back pain, headache and joint pain WHOLE GROUP: 32.9% of the respondents reported that they have high blood pressure. as most frequent problems. The respondents with finished primary school most frequently listed back pain, joint pain and headache, while the respondents with finished vocational or a higher level of education pointed GENDER: 25.7% of men and 37.6% of women answered that they have high blood pressure. out headache, back pain and toothache. AGE: In the age group from 25 to 30 years 7.8% of the respondents reported that they have high blood SETTLEMENT: The respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions listed back pain, pressure. In the age group from 31 to 40 years the percentage of the respondents with high blood pressure joint pain and headache as most frequently encountered problems, whereas the respondents from the amounts to 16.9%, in the age group from 41 to 50 years to 42.6% and in the group of respondents aged over settlements with less favourable conditions stressed headache, back pain and joint pain as the most pressing 51 years 58.8%. health issues. EDUCATION: 39.7% of respondents that have not finished primary school, 25.8% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 14.3% of the respondents that have finished vocational school or higher level of education reported that they have high blood pressure. SETTLEMENT: 34.9% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable conditions and 31.0% of the respondents from the settlements with less favourable conditions said that they have high blood pressure. 20 21 7. Have you had any of the following symptoms or complaints during the last month (30 days)? - 8. Diseases diagnosed by a doctor continuation 8a. Is your blood pressure over 140/90? % "YES" ANSWERS % n y io a he sion ed ed r ni r lerg ipat dache m res hac yea Al st Inso iagnos iagnos Con Hea Dep Toot d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha TOGETHER 12.0 1.9 40.7 20.9 20.9 14.7 , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes GENDER Male 9.9 1.0 26.7 12.9 12.9 14.9 TOGETHER 67.1 17.1 15.9 Female 13.4 2.5 49.7 26.1 26.1 14.6 GENDER Male 74.3 13.9 11.9 AGE 25-30 years 9.8 2.0 31.4 5.9 15.7 15.7 Female 62.4 19.1 18.5 31-40 years 11.3 0.0 38.0 12.7 21.1 16.9 41-50 years 13.2 1.5 41.2 32.4 20.6 14.7 AGE 25-30 years 92.2 5.9 2.0 51 years and more 13.2 4.4 50.0 29.4 25.0 11.8 31-40 years 83.1 9.9 7.0 41-50 years 57.4 17.6 25.0 Unfinished primary 51 years and more 41.2 32.4 26.5 EDUCATION school 11.5 0.0 46.6 24.4 23.7 11.5 Primary school 15.2 4.5 33.3 12.1 18.2 15.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school Vocational school or 60.3 21.4 18.3 more Primary school 11.9 2.4 31.0 16.7 19.0 23.8 74.2 10.6 15.2 Vocational school or more 85.7 7.1 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 14.0 3.1 39.5 23.3 20.9 15.5 Less favourable SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 65.1 19.4 15.5 conditions 10.1 0.8 41.9 18.6 20.9 14.0 Less favourable conditions 69.0 14.7 16.3 EDUCATION: The respondents that have not finished primary school listed back pain, headache and joint pain WHOLE GROUP: 32.9% of the respondents reported that they have high blood pressure. as most frequent problems. The respondents with finished primary school most frequently listed back pain, joint pain and headache, while the respondents with finished vocational or a higher level of education pointed GENDER: 25.7% of men and 37.6% of women answered that they have high blood pressure. out headache, back pain and toothache. AGE: In the age group from 25 to 30 years 7.8% of the respondents reported that they have high blood SETTLEMENT: The respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions listed back pain, pressure. In the age group from 31 to 40 years the percentage of the respondents with high blood pressure joint pain and headache as most frequently encountered problems, whereas the respondents from the amounts to 16.9%, in the age group from 41 to 50 years to 42.6% and in the group of respondents aged over settlements with less favourable conditions stressed headache, back pain and joint pain as the most pressing 51 years 58.8%. health issues. EDUCATION: 39.7% of respondents that have not finished primary school, 25.8% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 14.3% of the respondents that have finished vocational school or higher level of education reported that they have high blood pressure. SETTLEMENT: 34.9% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable conditions and 31.0% of the respondents from the settlements with less favourable conditions said that they have high blood pressure. 20 21 8b. Is your blood cholesterol higher than 5 mmol/l? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 80.6 10.5 8.9 GENDER Male 79.2 11.9 8.9 Female 81.5 9.6 8.9 AGE 25-30 years 92.2 5.9 2.0 31-40 years 88.7 7.0 4.2 41-50 years 72.1 13.2 14.7 51 years and more 72.1 14.7 13.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 77.9 13.0 9.2 Primary school 80.3 9.1 10.6 Vocational school or more 92.9 0.0 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 76.7 12.4 10.9 Less favourable conditions 84.5 8.5 7.0 WHOLE GROUP: 19.4% of the respondents reported that they have high blood cholesterol. GENDER: 20.8% of men and 18.5% of women answered that they have high blood cholesterol. AGE: 7.8% of the respondents aged from 25 to 30, 11.3% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 years, 27.9% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 27.9% of the respondents aged over 51 reported that they have high blood cholesterol. EDUCATION: 22.1% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 19.7% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 7.1% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they have high blood cholesterol. SETTLEMENT: 23.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 15.5% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have high blood cholesterol. 22 8c. Do you have diabetes? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 91.9 4.7 3.5 GENDER Male 91.1 4.0 5.0 Female 92.4 5.1 2.5 AGE 25-30 years 98.0 2.0 0.0 31-40 years 97.2 0.0 2.8 41-50 years 86.8 5.9 7.4 51 years and more 86.8 10.3 2.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 89.3 9.2 1.5 Primary school 93.9 0.0 6.1 Vocational school or more 95.2 0.0 4.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 89.1 6.2 4.7 Less favourable conditions 94.6 3.1 2.3 WHOLE GROUP: 8.1% of the respondents reported that they have diabetes. GENDER: 8.9% of men and 7.6% of women answered that they have diabetes. AGE: 2.0% of the respondents aged from 25 to 30 , 2.8% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 years, 13.2% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 13.2% of the respondents aged over 51 reported that they have diabetes. EDUCATION: 10.7% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 6.1% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 4.8% of the respondent that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they have diabetes. SETTLEMENT: 10.9% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 5.4% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have diabetes. 23 8d. Have you survived a heart attack (myocardial infarction)? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 94.2 3.5 2.3 GENDER Male 93.1 5.9 1.0 Female 94.9 1.9 3.2 AGE 25-30 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 41-50 years 89.6 6.0 4.5 51 years and more 88.2 7.4 4.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 92.3 5.4 2.3 Primary school 95.5 1.5 3.0 Vocational school or more 100.0 0.0 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 93.0 4.7 2.3 Less favourable conditions 95.3 2.3 2.3 WHOLE GROUP: 5.8% of the respondents answered that they have survived a heart attack. GENDER: 6.9% of men and 5.1% of women reported that they have survived a heart attack. AGE: In the age groups from 25 to 30 years and from 31 to 40 years no respondent reported that he has survived a heart attack. The latter was, however, reported by 10.4% of respondents in the age group between 41 and 50 years and 11.8% of the respondents that are over 51 years old. EDUCATION: 7.7% of the respondents that have not finished primary school and 4.5% of the respondents that have finished primary school reported that they have survived a heart attack. The latter was not reported by any respondent that has finished a vocational school or higher level of education. SETTLEMENT: 7.0% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 4.7% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have survived a heart attack. . 24 8d. Have you survived a heart attack (myocardial infarction)? 8e. Do you feel chest pain during physical activity or at rest (angina pectoris)? % % ed ed ed ed r r r r yea yea iagnos iagnos iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o d st yea d n a o No la ag No la ag he tha he tha , it was in t , it was ore , it was , it was ore m in t m Yes Yes Yes Yes TOGETHER 94.2 3.5 2.3 TOGETHER 79.6 9.4 11.0 GENDER Male 93.1 5.9 1.0 Female 94.9 1.9 3.2 GENDER Male 82.2 7.9 9.9 Female 77.9 10.4 11.7 AGE 25-30 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 88.2 5.9 5.9 41-50 years 89.6 6.0 4.5 31-40 years 94.4 1.4 4.2 51 years and more 88.2 7.4 4.4 41-50 years 75.8 7.6 16.7 51 years and more 61.2 22.4 16.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 92.3 5.4 2.3 Primary school 95.5 1.5 3.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 75.2 12.4 12.4 Vocational school or more 100.0 0.0 0.0 Primary school 81.8 7.6 10.6 Vocational school or more 88.1 2.4 9.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 93.0 4.7 2.3 Less favourable conditions 95.3 2.3 2.3 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 73.0 11.1 15.9 Less favourable conditions 86.0 7.8 6.2 WHOLE GROUP: 5.8% of the respondents answered that they have survived a heart attack. WHOLE GROUP: 20.4% of the respondents reported that they felt chest pain during physical activity or at GENDER: 6.9% of men and 5.1% of women reported that they have survived a heart attack. rest. AGE: In the age groups from 25 to 30 years and from 31 to 40 years no respondent reported that he has GENDER: 17.8% of men and 22.1% of women answered that they felt chest pain during physical activity or at survived a heart attack. The latter was, however, reported by 10.4% of respondents in the age group between rest. 41 and 50 years and 11.8% of the respondents that are over 51 years old. AGE: 11.8% of the respondents aged from 25 to 30, 5.6% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 EDUCATION: 7.7% of the respondents that have not finished primary school and 4.5% of the respondents that years, 24.2% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 38.8% of the respondents aged over have finished primary school reported that they have survived a heart attack. The latter was not reported by 51 reported that they felt chest pain during physical activity or at rest. any respondent that has finished a vocational school or higher level of education. EDUCATION: 24.8% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 18.2% of the respondents that SETTLEMENT: 7.0% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 4.7% have finished primary school and 11.9% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have level of education answered that they felt chest pain during physical activity or at rest. survived a heart attack. . SETTLEMENT: 27.0% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 14.0% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they felt chest pain during physical activity or at rest. 24 25 8f. Do you have heart failure? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 90.3 6.2 3.5 GENDER Male 90.1 6.9 3.0 Female 90.4 5.7 3.8 AGE 25-30 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 94.4 4.2 1.4 41-50 years 86.8 7.4 5.9 51 years and more 82.4 11.8 5.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 87.0 8.4 4.6 Primary school 93.9 1.5 4.5 Vocational school or more 97.6 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 87.6 7.8 4.7 Less favourable conditions 93.0 4.7 2.3 WHOLE GROUP: 9.7% of the respondents reported that they have heart failure. GENDER: 9.9% of men and 9.6% of women answered that they have heart failure. AGE: In the age group between 25 and 30 years no respondents reporting about heart failure. However, 5.6% of respondents aged between 31 and 40, 13.2% of the respondents aged between 41 and 50 and 17.6% of the respondents aged over 51 answered that they have heart failure. EDUCATION: 13.0% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 6.1% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 2.4% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they have heart failure. SETTLEMENT: 12.4% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 7.0% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have heart failure. 26 8g. Have you suffered a stroke? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 97.3 1.9 0.8 GENDER Male 97.0 2.0 1.0 Female 97.4 1.9 0.6 AGE 25-30 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 98.6 1.4 0.0 41-50 years 97.1 2.9 0.0 51 years and more 94.1 2.9 2.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 97.7 2.3 0.0 Primary school 95.5 1.5 3.0 Vocational school or more 97.6 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 94.6 3.9 1.6 Less favourable conditions 100.0 0.0 0.0 WHOLE GROUP: 2.7% of the respondents reported that they have suffered a stroke. GENDER: 3.0% men and 2.6% of women reported that they have suffered a stroke. AGE: In the age group between 25 and 30 years no respondent reported that he has suffered a stroke. However, 1.4% of respondents aged between 31 and 40 years, 2.9% of the respondents aged between 41 and 50 years and 5.9% of the respondents aged over 51 answered that they have suffered a stroke. EDUCATION: 2.3% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 4.5% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 2.4% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they have suffered a stroke. SETTLEMENT: 5.4% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and none of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have suffered a stroke. 27 8h. Do you suffer from a spinal condition or disease? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 65.1 15.5 19.4 GENDER Male 67.3 15.8 16.8 Female 63.7 15.3 21.0 AGE 25-30 years 86.3 7.8 5.9 31-40 years 69.0 16.9 14.1 41-50 years 54.4 16.2 29.4 51 years and more 55.9 19.1 25.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 58.8 16.0 25.2 Primary school 62.1 16.7 21.2 Vocational school or more 83.3 11.9 4.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 53.5 17.1 29.5 Less favourable conditions 76.7 14.0 9.3 WHOLE GROUP: 34.9% of the respondents reported that they suffer from a spinal condition or disease. GENDER: 32.7% of men and 36.3% of women answered that they suffer from a spinal condition or disease. AGE: 13.7% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 31.0% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 years, 45.6% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 44.1% of the respondents aged over 51 reported that they suffer from a spinal condition or disease. EDUCATION: 41.2% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 37.9% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 16.7% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they suffer from a spinal condition or disease. SETTLEMENT: 46.5% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 23.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they suffer from a spinal condition or disease. 28 8i. Do you suffer from a joint disease (arthritis and arthrosis)? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 74.0 10.1 15.9 GENDER Male 77.2 7.9 14.9 Female 72.0 11.5 16.6 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 31-40 years 78.9 9.9 11.3 41-50 years 70.6 7.4 22.1 51 years and more 57.4 19.1 23.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 70.2 9.9 19.8 Primary school 72.7 6.1 21.2 Vocational school or more 85.7 11.9 2.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 65.1 9.3 25.6 Less favourable conditions 82.9 10.9 6.2 WHOLE GROUP: 26.0% of the respondents reported that they suffer from a joint disease. GENDER: 22.8% of men and 28.0% of women reported that they suffer from a joint disease. AGE: 5.9% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 21.1% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 years, 29.4% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 42.6% of the respondents aged over 51 reported that they suffer from a joint disease. EDUCATION: 29.8% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 27.3% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 14.3% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they suffer from a joint disease. SETTLEMENT: 34.9% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 17.1% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they suffer from a spinal condition or disease. 29 8j. Do you suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 8k. Do you have bronchial asthma? (COPD))? % % ed ed r r ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos yea d st yea o la d n a iagnos iagnos No ag d st yea d n a o tha No la he ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m , it was in t , it was ore Yes Yes m Yes Yes TOGETHER 88.0 7.0 5.0 TOGETHER 85.6 8.2 6.2 GENDER Male 91.1 4.0 5.0 GENDER Male 92.1 3.0 5.0 Female 86.0 8.9 5.1 Female 81.4 11.5 7.1 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 31-40 years 93.0 4.2 2.8 31-40 years 91.4 5.7 2,9 41-50 years 83.8 10.3 5.9 41-50 years 82.4 10.3 7.4 51 years and more 82.4 10.3 7.4 51 years and more 76.5 13.2 10.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 84.0 9.2 6.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 80.8 10.0 9.2 Primary school 95.5 1.5 3.0 Primary school 92.4 3.0 4.5 Vocational school or more 88.1 7.1 4.8 Vocational school or more 97.6 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 83.7 8.5 7.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 83.7 5.4 10.9 Less favourable conditions 92.2 5.4 2.3 Less favourable conditions 87.5 10.9 1.6 WHOLE GROUP: 12.0% of the respondents reported that they have bronchial asthma. WHOLE GROUP: 14.4% of the respondents reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, GENDER: 8.9% of men and 14.0% of women reported that they have bronchial asthma. COPD). AGE: 5.9% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 7.0% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to GENDER: 7.9% of men and 18.6% of women reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, 40 years, 16.2% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 17.6% of the respondents aged COPD). over 51 reported that they have bronchial asthma. AGE: 5.9% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 8.6% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to EDUCATION: 16.0% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 4.5% of the respondents that 40 years, 17.6% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 23.5% of the respondents aged have finished primary school and 11.9% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher over 51 reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, COPD). level of education answered that they have bronchial asthma. EDUCATION: 19.2% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 7.6% of the respondents that SETTLEMENT: 16.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 7.8% have finished primary school and 2.4% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have level of education answered that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, COPD). bronchial asthma. SETTLEMENT: 16.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 12.5% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, COPD). 30 31 8j. Do you suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 8k. Do you have bronchial asthma? (COPD))? % % ed ed r r ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos yea d st yea o la d n a iagnos iagnos No ag d st yea d n a o tha No la he ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m , it was in t , it was ore Yes Yes m Yes Yes TOGETHER 88.0 7.0 5.0 TOGETHER 85.6 8.2 6.2 GENDER Male 91.1 4.0 5.0 GENDER Male 92.1 3.0 5.0 Female 86.0 8.9 5.1 Female 81.4 11.5 7.1 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 31-40 years 93.0 4.2 2.8 31-40 years 91.4 5.7 2,9 41-50 years 83.8 10.3 5.9 41-50 years 82.4 10.3 7.4 51 years and more 82.4 10.3 7.4 51 years and more 76.5 13.2 10.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 84.0 9.2 6.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 80.8 10.0 9.2 Primary school 95.5 1.5 3.0 Primary school 92.4 3.0 4.5 Vocational school or more 88.1 7.1 4.8 Vocational school or more 97.6 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 83.7 8.5 7.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 83.7 5.4 10.9 Less favourable conditions 92.2 5.4 2.3 Less favourable conditions 87.5 10.9 1.6 WHOLE GROUP: 12.0% of the respondents reported that they have bronchial asthma. WHOLE GROUP: 14.4% of the respondents reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, GENDER: 8.9% of men and 14.0% of women reported that they have bronchial asthma. COPD). AGE: 5.9% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 7.0% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to GENDER: 7.9% of men and 18.6% of women reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, 40 years, 16.2% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 17.6% of the respondents aged COPD). over 51 reported that they have bronchial asthma. AGE: 5.9% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 8.6% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to EDUCATION: 16.0% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 4.5% of the respondents that 40 years, 17.6% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 23.5% of the respondents aged have finished primary school and 11.9% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher over 51 reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, COPD). level of education answered that they have bronchial asthma. EDUCATION: 19.2% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 7.6% of the respondents that SETTLEMENT: 16.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 7.8% have finished primary school and 2.4% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have level of education answered that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, COPD). bronchial asthma. SETTLEMENT: 16.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 12.5% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they suffer from chronic bronchitis (emphysema, COPD). 30 31 8l. Do you have gastric or duodenal ulcer? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 90.3 5.4 4.3 GENDER Male 88.1 5.0 6.9 Female 91.7 5.7 2.5 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 3.9 2.0 31-40 years 93.0 4.2 2.8 41-50 years 88.2 4.4 7.4 51 years and more 86.8 8.8 4.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 87.8 6.9 5.3 Primary school 90.9 4.5 4.5 Vocational school or more 97.6 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 86.8 7.8 5.4 Less favourable conditions 93.8 3.1 3.1 WHOLE GROUP: 9.7% of the respondents reported that they have gastric or duodenal ulcer. GENDER: 11.9% of men and 8.3% of women reported that they have gastric or duodenal ulcer. AGE: 5.9% of the respondents aged between 25 and 30, 7.0% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 years, 11.8% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 13.2% of the respondents aged over 51 answered that they have gastric or duodenal ulcer. EDUCATION: 12.2% of the respondents that have not finished primary school, 9.1% of the respondents that have finished primary school and 2.4% of the respondents that have finished a vocational school or a higher level of education answered that they have gastric or duodenal ulcer. SETTLEMENT: 13.2% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 6.2% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have gastric or duodenal ulcer. 32 8m. Do you have cirrhosis of the liver? % ed ed r r yea iagnos iagnos d st yea d n a o No la ag he tha , it was in t , it was ore m Yes Yes TOGETHER 98.4 0.8 0.8 GENDER Male 97.0 1.0 2.0 Female 99.4 0.6 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 100.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 97.2 1.4 1.4 41-50 years 98.5 0.0 1.5 51 years and more 98.5 1.5 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 100.0 0.0 0.0 Primary school 93.9 3.0 3.0 Vocational school or more 100.0 0.0 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 97.7 0.8 1.6 Less favourable conditions 99.2 0.8 0.0 WHOLE GROUP: 1.6% of the respondents reported that they have cirrhosis of the liver. GENDER: 3.0% of men and 0.6% of women answered that they have cirrhosis of the liver. AGE: None of the respondents in the age group from 25 to 30 years answered that he or she has cirrhosis of the liver. However, 2.8% of the respondents in the age group from 31 to 40 years, 1.5% of the respondents in the age group from 41 to 50 years and 1.5% of the respondents aged over 51 reported that they have cirrhosis of the liver. I EDUCATION: None the respondents that have not finished primary school or have finished vocational school or higher level of education reported that they have cirrhosis of the liver. On the other hand, 6.1% of the respondents who have finished primary school answered that they have cirrhosis of the liver. SETTLEMENT: 2.3% of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions and 0.8% of the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions reported that they have cirrhosis of the liver. 33 9. How would you assess your present state of health? % ood ge ad ood G Bad Avera Very g Very b TOGETHER 8.9 24.8 34.5 26.7 5.0 GENDER Male 10.9 26.7 39.6 18.8 4.0 Female 7.6 23.6 31.2 31.8 5.7 AGE 25-30 years 21.6 47.1 21.6 9.8 31-40 years 11.3 33.8 35.2 16.9 2.8 41-50 years 2.9 10.3 47.1 30.9 8.8 51 years and more 2.9 13.2 30.9 45.6 7.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 5.3 18.3 38.2 34.4 3.8 Primary school 10.6 33.3 36.4 13.6 6.1 Vocational school or more 19.0 38.1 21.4 14.3 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 4.7 24.8 35.7 28.7 6.2 Less favourable conditions 13.2 24.8 33.3 24.8 3.9 WHOLE GROUP: 31.8% of Roma people self-assessed their current state of health as bad or very bad. GENDER: There are fewer men (22.8%) than women (37.6%) that self-assessed their current state of health as bad or very bad. AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents who self-assessed their current state of health as bad or very bad can be found in the oldest age group (52.9%), while in other age groups this percentage is decreasing rapidly. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of Roma people that consider their current state of health as bad or very bad can be found among least educated respondents (38.2%). SETTLEMENT: Roma people residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions self-assessed their current state of health as bad or very bad a lot less frequently (28.9%) than respondents residing in the settlements with favourable conditions (34.9%). 34 10. Do you take good care of your health? % h re ay ood ood to s e g Very g uit ost no ca Q ot enougN fficult Alm Di TOGETHER 5.1 58.0 29.8 4.3 2.7 GENDER Male 5.9 58.4 27.7 4.0 4.0 Female 4.5 57.8 31.2 4.5 1.9 AGE 25-30 years 11.8 60.8 21.6 3.9 2.0 31-40 years 2.8 56.3 33.8 5.6 1.4 41-50 years 6.1 45.5 42.4 1.5 4.5 51 years and more 1.5 70.1 19.4 6.0 3.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 1.6 55.5 37.5 3.9 1.6 Primary school 13.6 60.6 19.7 4.5 1.5 Vocational school or more 4.8 52.4 31.0 4.8 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 6.3 56.7 29.9 4.7 2.4 Less favourable conditions 3.9 59.4 29.7 3.9 3.1 WHOLE GROUP: 60% of the respondents answered that they take very good or quite good care of their health. GENDER: There are no major differences with regard to the gender. R AGE: The percentage of Roma people that claim that they take good or quite good care of their health decreases with age. EDUCATION: Roma people that have finished primary school believe that they take best care of their health. SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences in the answers of the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions and residents of settlements with less favourable living conditions. 35 11. How many teeth are you missing? % a not ar ut I we ure 0 b l ent None 1-5 6-10 n 1 al hem, tha f t full d re Mo All o TOGETHER 14.7 45.0 20.5 14.3 5.4 GENDER Male 11.9 51.5 17.8 16.8 2.0 Female 16.6 40.8 22.3 12.7 7.6 AGE 25-30 years 43.1 51.0 3.9 0.0 2.0 31-40 years 16.9 62.0 18.3 2.8 0.0 41-50 years 2.9 44.1 25.0 22.1 5.9 51 years and more 2.9 23.5 30.9 29.4 13.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 11.5 38.9 27.5 14.5 7.6 Primary school 15.2 54,5 15.2 13.6 1.5 Vocational school or more 31.0 57.1 7.1 2.4 2.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 12.4 46.5 23.3 11.6 6.2 Less favourable conditions 17.1 43.4 17.8 17.1 4.7 WHOLE GROUP: 14.7% of the respondents still have all their teeth. GENDER: There are more women than men that still have all their teeth. AGE: The percentage of Roma people that have all their teeth is already low among young adults (43.1%). It moreover declines rapidly in the age groups of people aged over 40, so that it falls to less than 3%. EDUCATION: Higher educated Roma people have significantly more own teeth than less educated people. However, this data could be biased because people from younger age groups tend to be more educated. SETTLEMENT: There are a slightly higher percentage of Roma people residing in settlements with less favourable living conditions that have all their teeth in comparison to those that reside in the settlements with favourable conditions. 36 12. How often do you brush your teeth? % ay nce y once ay ver n o da n per d ha Ne ha t per nce re t per d Less O Mo TOGETHER 16.0 29.3 38.3 16.4 GENDER Male 19.0 37.0 32.0 12.0 Female 14.1 24.4 42.3 19.2 AGE 25-30 years 2.0 23.5 49.0 25.5 31-40 years 18.3 25.4 33.8 22.5 41-50 years 25.0 30.9 35.3 8.8 51 years and more 15.2 36.4 37.9 10.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 19.4 36.4 31.8 12.4 Primary school 12.1 18.2 51.5 18.2 Vocational school or more 2.4 23.8 42.9 31.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 14.1 21.9 44.5 19.5 Less favourable conditions 18.0 36.7 32.0 13.3 WHOLE GROUP: 16% of the respondents never brush their teeth. 29.3% of the respondents brush their teeth less than once per day. GENDER: 14.1% of women and 19% of men never brush their teeth. AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents who never brush their teeth can be found in the age group from 41 to 50 years (as much as 25%). EDUCATION: The highest percentage of the respondents that never brush their teeth can be found among the least educated people. Among the most educated people there are only 2.4% of the respondents who never brush their teeth. SETTLEMENT: In the settlements with less favourable conditions there is a slightly higher percentage of people that never brush their teeth than in the settlements with favourable conditions. 37 13. How often do you feel stressed or under great pressure – tensed, misunderstood? % ly rely nal ay ver ften Ne O Very ra ccasio Every d O TOGETHER 11.7 17.9 32.3 24.9 13.2 GENDER Male 18.8 18.8 29.7 22.8 9.9 Female 7.1 17.3 34.0 26.3 15.4 AGE 25-30 years 17.6 21.6 33.3 15.7 11.8 31-40 years 8.5 23.9 36.6 21.1 9.9 41-50 years 6.0 13.4 38.8 26.9 14.9 51 years and more 16.2 13.2 20.6 33.8 16.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 9.9 11.5 35.1 28.2 15.3 Primary school 15.4 27.7 24.6 20.0 12.3 Vocational school or more 11.9 28.6 28.6 19.0 11.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 8.6 18.0 26.6 28.9 18.0 Less favourable conditions 14.7 17.8 38.0 20.9 8.5 WHOLE GROUP: 38.1% of the Roma people feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day. GENDER: 32.7% of men and 41.7% of women feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day. AGE: The percentage of those who feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day increases with age. In the oldest age group this percentage is already 50.0%. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of the respondents who feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day can be found among the least educated persons. SETTLEMENT: Substantially more people that feel stressed or under great pressure every day reside in the settlements with favourable living conditions. 38 13. How often do you feel stressed or under great pressure – tensed, misunderstood? 14. What is, in your opinion, the cause of this stress or pressure? % % "YES" ANSWERS ly ins e he rely of the nal ay tra rs n ver e ften us ke erial s in t ily Ne O at hom ce s tions with at uatio Very ra ccasio Every d eca la m O k -wor fam kp co blem sit in b wor Bad ra Wor Bad rela Pro TOGETHER 11.7 17.9 32.3 24.9 13.2 St TOGETHER 8.2 4.7 0.8 24.0 33,5 GENDER Male 18.8 18.8 29.7 22.8 9.9 Female 7.1 17.3 34.0 26.3 15.4 GENDER Male AGE 25-30 years 9.1 8.1 0.0 14.3 34.7 17.6 21.6 33.3 15.7 11.8 Female 31-40 years 7.6 2.5 1.3 30.1 32.7 8.5 23.9 36.6 21.1 9.9 41-50 years 6.0 13.4 38.8 26.9 14.9 AGE 25-30 years 51 years and more 6.1 6.1 0.0 20.8 33.3 16.2 13.2 20.6 33.8 16.2 31-40 years 9.9 5.6 1.4 32.4 26.8 41-50 years EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 10.3 4.4 0.0 22.1 41.2 9.9 11.5 35.1 28.2 15.3 51 years and more Primary school 5.9 2.9 1.5 19.4 32.8 15.4 27.7 24.6 20.0 12.3 Vocational school or more 11.9 28.6 28.6 19.0 11.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 8.4 2.3 0.8 28.2 38.5 Primary school SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.8 10.9 1.6 23.8 22.2 8.6 18.0 26.6 28.9 18.0 Vocational school or more Less favourable conditions 7.1 4.8 0.0 9.8 33.3 14.7 17.8 38.0 20.9 8.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.1 6.3 0.8 26.4 31.0 Less favourable conditions WHOLE GROUP: 38.1% of the Roma people feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day. 9.3 3.1 0.8 21.7 35.9 GENDER: 32.7% of men and 41.7% of women feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day. AGE: The percentage of those who feel that they are under stress or great pressure every day increases with age. In the oldest age group this percentage is already 50.0%. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of the respondents who feel that they are under stress or great WHOLE GROUP: The respondents (generally looking) listed bad material position, problems in the family and pressure every day can be found among the least educated persons. loneliness as the most frequent causes of stress. SETTLEMENT: Substantially more people that feel stressed or under great pressure every day reside in the GENDER: The same causes of stress were listed in the same order by men and women. Only difference is that settlements with favourable living conditions. the percentage of respondents that pointed out problems in the family and loneliness was significantly higher among women. AGE: The answers of the respondents aged from 25 to 30 and from 41 to 50 corresponded to the answers of all the respondents, meaning they consider bad material position, problems in the family and loneliness as the most frequent causes of stress. However, differences appeared in the other two age groups. The respondents aged 51 and more listed the same three causes but in different order, bad material conditions being the first, loneliness the second and problems in the family the third main cause of stress. The biggest difference can be noted in the age group between 31 and 40 years. These respondents most frequently listed (in this order) the problems in the family, bad material situation and strain because of the work at home as primary causes of stress. 38 39 15. What is, in your opinion, the cause of this stress or pressure? - continuation % "YES" ANSWERS a a l ua ke a s Rom li ( -Rom nes es ls ve eq -Rom tions with tives tions with ha neli ca non tizens Lo rela people) ci the non Bad rela Bad rela other lo people, opportuniti I do not TOGETHER 18.1 5.5 1.6 6.7 GENDER Male 14.3 4.1 2.0 8.2 Female 20.5 6.4 1.3 5.8 AGE 25-30 years 16.7 6.3 2.1 4.2 31-40 years 8.5 5.6 1.4 8.5 41-50 years 20.6 8.8 2.9 11.8 51 years and more 26.9 1.5 0.0 1.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 20.8 6.9 2.3 8.5 Primary school 14.3 3.2 1.6 3.1 Vocational school or more 19.0 7.1 0.0 9.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 18.3 6.3 1.6 8.7 Less favourable conditions 18.0 4.7 1.6 4.7 EDUCATION: Similar to the answers of the whole group the respondents that have not finished primary school listed bad material situation, problems in the family and loneliness as the primary causes of their stress. The respondents that finished primary school most frequently pointed out problems in the family, bad material situation and loneliness, while the respondents that finished vocational school or a higher level of education stated bad material situation, loneliness and problems in the family as the reasons for their stress. SETTLEMENT: The respondents from both groups (residing in the settlements with either favourable or less favourable living conditions) did not differ in their answers from the whole sample. They listed bad material conditions, problems in the family and loneliness as three main causes of their stress. 40 15. What is, in your opinion, the cause of this stress or pressure? - continuation 16. How do you deal with tension, stress and pressures in your life? % "YES" ANSWERS % a o a l l s y ua ke a ea m s ble Rom li hem ffort t d l with blem them ( -Rom f e ea ra nes es y ls ve eq -Rom them with rea ea tions with tives tions with them, ha it o g pro with neli ca non tizens to d l with t easil a them know how t Lo rela people) ci ling is unb the non ea l with ttle b fort ve big not l with Bad rela Bad rela o other lo people, opportuniti I d dea life I do not I dea a li I spend of ef I ha in I d dea TOGETHER 18.1 5.5 1.6 6.7 TOGETHER 26.4 40.2 22.4 10.2 0.8 GENDER Male 14.3 4.1 2.0 8.2 GENDER Male 35.1 41.5 16.0 6.4 1.1 Female 20.5 6.4 1.3 5.8 Female 21.1 39.5 26.3 12.5 0.7 AGE 25-30 years 16.7 6.3 2.1 4.2 AGE 25-30 years 31.3 50.0 14.6 4.2 0.0 31-40 years 8.5 5.6 1.4 8.5 31-40 years 34.8 43.5 17.4 4.3 0.0 41-50 years 20.6 8.8 2.9 11.8 41-50 years 24.2 37.9 21.2 15.2 1.5 51 years and more 26.9 1.5 0.0 1.5 51 years and more 15.9 31.7 34.9 15.9 1.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 20.8 6.9 2.3 8.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 18.9 40.2 26.0 14.2 0.8 Primary school 14.3 3.2 1.6 3.1 Primary school 34.4 41.0 13.1 9.8 1.6 Vocational school or more 19.0 7.1 0.0 9.5 Vocational school or more 46.3 34.1 17.1 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 18.3 6.3 1.6 8.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 26.4 35.5 25.6 10.7 1.7 Less favourable conditions 18.0 4.7 1.6 4.7 Less favourable conditions 26.4 44.8 19.2 9.6 0.0 EDUCATION: Similar to the answers of the whole group the respondents that have not finished primary school listed bad material situation, problems in the family and loneliness as the primary causes of their stress. The respondents that finished primary school most frequently pointed out problems in the family, bad material WHOLE GROUP: No less than 44.2% of Roma people answered that they deal with stress easily or with a little situation and loneliness, while the respondents that finished vocational school or a higher level of education bit of effort. 10.2% of the respondents have big problems dealing with stress; while 0.8% of the respondents stated bad material situation, loneliness and problems in the family as the reasons for their stress. answered that they are not capable of dealing with stress. SETTLEMENT: The respondents from both groups (residing in the settlements with either favourable or less GENDER: Men handle stress better than women. favourable living conditions) did not differ in their answers from the whole sample. They listed bad material AGE: After the age of 40 and especially after the age of 50 it is much more difficult to deal with stress. conditions, problems in the family and loneliness as three main causes of their stress. EDUCATION: Roma people with the lowest education experience the most difficulties in dealing with stress, while most educated Roma people handle stress most easily. The highest percentage of the respondents that cannot deal with stress can be found among those that finished primary school. . SETTLEMENT: Roma people residing in the settlements with favourable conditions handle stress slightly better than respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. 40 41 SMOKING 17. Do you (or any other family member) smoke in an apartment or living space? % not es es oke Do sm Smok TOGETHER 32.2 67.8 GENDER Male 26.0 74.0 Female 36.1 63.9 AGE 25-30 years 24.5 75.5 31-40 years 31.0 69.0 41-50 years 22.1 77.9 51 years and more 49.3 50.7 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 27.9 72.1 Primary school 32.3 67.7 Vocational school or more 38.1 61.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 38.3 61.7 Less favourable conditions 26.0 74.0 WHOLE GROUP: 68% of the respondents smoke in their living space. GENDER: A higher percentage of men than women reported that they smoke in their living space. AGE: Respondents belonging to the oldest age group are less likely to smoke in their living space. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of the respondents that smoke in their living space can be found among the least educated respondents and vice versa. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of the respondents that smoke inside their living space is significantly higher among the respondents that reside in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. 42 SMOKING 18. How many hours per day do you spend in the environment where someone smokes (at home, at workplace)? 17. Do you (or any other family member) smoke in an apartment or living space? % er s day % he e p ok er ally not o t hour t m hour s p ctic n 5 day n 1 day ra tha per p posed acco s ha hour not es t ex tob o 5 re es oke Less 1 t Mo Do sm Smok I am TOGETHER 19.0 18.2 19.4 43.4 TOGETHER 32.2 67.8 GENDER Male 13.9 15.8 23.8 46.5 GENDER Male 26.0 74.0 Female 22.3 19.7 16.6 41.4 Female 36.1 63.9 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 21.6 21.6 37.3 AGE 25-30 years 24.5 75.5 31-40 years 15.5 21.1 18.3 45.1 31-40 years 31.0 69.0 41-50 years 14.7 8.8 20.6 55.9 41-50 years 22.1 77.9 51 years and more 26.5 22.1 17.6 33.8 51 years and more 49.3 50.7 EDUCATIO N Unfinished primary school EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 16.0 16.0 16.0 51.9 27.9 72.1 Primary school Primary school 24.2 18.2 21.2 36.4 32.3 67.7 Vocational school or more Vocational school or more 19.0 23.8 26.2 31.0 38.1 61.9 SETTLEME SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 38.3 61.7 NT Favourable conditions 27.1 17.1 17.1 38.8 Less favourable conditions 26.0 74.0 Less favourable conditions 10.9 19.4 21.7 48.1 WHOLE GROUP: 68% of the respondents smoke in their living space. GENDER: A higher percentage of men than women reported that they smoke in their living space. WHOLE GROUP: The majority of the respondents are exposed to tobacco smoke more than 5 hours per day. AGE: Respondents belonging to the oldest age group are less likely to smoke in their living space. GENDER: The percentage of such respondents is a little bit higher among men; however there are no major EDUCATION: The highest percentage of the respondents that smoke in their living space can be found among gender-related differences. the least educated respondents and vice versa. AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents that are exposed to tobacco smoke more than 5 hours per SETTLEMENT: The percentage of the respondents that smoke inside their living space is significantly higher day can be found in the age group between 41 and 50 years, while the lowest percentage of such respondents among the respondents that reside in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. belongs to the oldest age group. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of the respondents that are exposed to tobacco smoke more than 5 hours per day represent the people with the lowest education and vice versa. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of the respondents that are exposed to tobacco smoke more than 5 hours per day is significantly higher among the residents of the settlements with less favourable living conditions in comparison to those who reside in the settlements with favourable conditions. 42 43 19. Do you currently smoke (cigarettes, cigars or a tobacco pipe)? % d oke ut I e m b ok s m er oke oke sm o s m nev d t I s ve use I ha I do not TOGETHER 32.1 9.5 58.3 GENDER Male 19.4 10.2 70.4 Female 40.3 9.1 50.6 AGE 25-30 years 26.5 10.2 63.3 31-40 years 34.3 7.1 58.6 41-50 years 23.9 9.0 67.2 51 years and more 42.4 12.1 45.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.0 11.8 62.2 Primary school 31.3 9.4 59.4 Vocational school or more 38.1 7.1 54.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 32.0 12.8 55.2 Less favourable conditions 32.3 6.3 61.4 WHOLE GROUP: 60% of the respondents were current smokers when the survey was conducted. GENDER: There were 70.4% of men and 50.6% of women among the current smokers. AGE: The highest percentage of current smokers is in the age group between 41 and 50 years and the lowest in the oldest age group. EDUCATION: The percentage of current smokers is decreasing with the level of education. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of current smokers is higher among the residents of settlements with less favourable conditions. 44 19. Do you currently smoke (cigarettes, cigars or a tobacco pipe)? 20. What kind of smoker are (were) you? % % d oke ut I e r nal m b ok s ula m er oke oke sm o s m Reg ccasioO nev d t I s ve use TOGETHER 8.7 12.3 I ha I do not TOGETHER 32.1 9.5 58.3 GENDER Male 93.7 6.3 Female 82.6 17.4 GENDER Male 19.4 10.2 70.4 Female 40.3 9.1 50.6 AGE 25-30 years 75.7 24.3 31-40 years 87.0 13.0 AGE 25-30 years 26.5 10.2 63.3 41-50 years 96.0 4.0 31-40 years 34.3 7.1 58.6 51 years and more 89.5 10.5 41-50 years 23.9 9.0 67.2 51 years and more 42.4 12.1 45.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 93.6 6.4 Primary school 79.5 20.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.0 11.8 62.2 Vocational school or more 76.9 23.1 Primary school 31.3 9.4 59.4 Vocational school or more 38.1 7.1 54.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 82.1 17.9 Less favourable SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions conditions 32.0 12.8 55.2 93.1 6.9 Less favourable conditions 32.3 6.3 61.4 WHOLE GROUP: The majority of current and former smokers are/were regular smokers (87.7%) WHOLE GROUP: 60% of the respondents were current smokers when the survey was conducted. GENDER: There are/were more men than women among the regular smokers. GENDER: There were 70.4% of men and 50.6% of women among the current smokers. AGE: Among the regular smokers there is the lowest percentage of the youngest respondents. The percentage of regular smokers is increasing with age and falls again in the last age group. AGE: The highest percentage of current smokers is in the age group between 41 and 50 years and the lowest in the oldest age group. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of regular smokers can be found among the least educated respondents and vice versa. EDUCATION: The percentage of current smokers is decreasing with the level of education. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of regular smokers is higher in the settlements with less favourable living SETTLEMENT: The percentage of current smokers is higher among the residents of settlements with less conditions. favourable conditions. 44 45 21. How much do/did you usually smoke? (only smokers, current and former) % 0 er er er p 30 p n p ally 1 tes -20 tes per -30 tes ha tes 11 day 21 day day xim re t garet garet garet garet Ma ci day ci ci Mo ci TOGETHER 32.7 43.3 11.7 12.3 GENDER Male 17.5 47.5 16.3 18.8 Female 46.2 39.6 7.7 6.6 AGE 25-30 years 32.4 56.8 8.1 2.7 31-40 years 41.3 37.0 13.0 8.7 41-50 years 22.0 46.0 16.0 16.0 51 years and more 36.8 34.2 7.9 21.1 EDUCATIO N Unfinished primary school 34.4 38.7 11.8 15.1 Primary school 29.5 45.5 13.6 11.4 Vocational school or more 37.0 59.3 3.7 0.0 SETTLEME NT Favourable conditions 32.6 51.2 4.7 11.6 Less favourable conditions 32.9 35.3 18.8 12.9 WHOLE GROUP: The majority of smokers smoke less than one box of cigarettes per day (76.0%). GENDER: The majority of male and female smokers smoke less than 1 box of cigarettes per day. However there are a higher percentage of men than women among the respondents that smoke more than one box of cigarettes per day. AGE: The percentage of those that smoke more than 1 box of cigarettes per day is the lowest among the youngest respondents. It furthermore increases until the age group from 41 to 50 years and falls a little bit in the last age group. EDUCATION: The number of cigarettes smoked per day decreases with the level of education. SETTLEMENTS: The percentage of those that smoke more than 1 box of cigarettes per day is higher among the respondents that reside in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. 46 21. How much do/did you usually smoke? 22. If you are a current smoker, would you like to quit smoking? (only smokers, current and former) (only current smokers) % % 0 er er er p 30 p n p s ally 1 tes -20 tes per -30 tes ha tes t hi 11 day 21 day day t xim re t garet garet garet garet Ma ci day ci ci Mo ci No Yes ve not ye t about TOGETHER 32.7 43.3 11.7 12.3 I ha though GENDER Male 17.5 47.5 16.3 18.8 Female 46.2 39.6 7.7 6.6 TOGETHER 15.6 78.2 6.1 AGE 25-30 years 32.4 56.8 8.1 2.7 GENDER Male 9.7 83.3 6.9 31-40 years 41.3 37.0 13.0 8.7 Female 21.3 73.3 5.3 41-50 years 22.0 46.0 16.0 16.0 51 years and more 36.8 34.2 7.9 21.1 AGE 25-30 years 15.6 78.1 6.3 31-40 years 10.0 85.0 5.0 EDUCATIO 41-50 years 26.1 65.2 8.7 N Unfinished primary school 34.4 38.7 11.8 15.1 51 years and more 6.9 89.7 3.4 Primary school 29.5 45.5 13.6 11.4 Vocational school or more 37.0 59.3 3.7 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 16.7 78.2 5.1 Primary school 15.8 81.6 2.6 SETTLEME NT Favourable conditions Vocational school or more 32.6 51.2 4.7 11.6 8.3 79.2 12.5 Less favourable conditions 32.9 35.3 18.8 12.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 11.4 84.3 4.3 Less favourable conditions 19.5 72.7 7.8 WHOLE GROUP: The majority of smokers smoke less than one box of cigarettes per day (76.0%). GENDER: The majority of male and female smokers smoke less than 1 box of cigarettes per day. However there are a higher percentage of men than women among the respondents that smoke more than one box of WHOLE GROUP: Almost 80% of the current smokers would like to quit smoking. cigarettes per day. GENDER: There are a higher percentage of men than women who would like to quit smoking. AGE: The percentage of those that smoke more than 1 box of cigarettes per day is the lowest among the AGE: The highest percentage of current smokers that would like to quit smoking can be found among the youngest respondents. It furthermore increases until the age group from 41 to 50 years and falls a little bit oldest respondents, while the lowest percentage of such respondents belong to the age group between 41 in the last age group. and 50 years. EDUCATION: The number of cigarettes smoked per day decreases with the level of education. EDUCATION: The percentage of respondents that wish to quit smoking is more or less equal in all the groups. SETTLEMENTS: The percentage of those that smoke more than 1 box of cigarettes per day is higher among However, an interesting fact is that we found the highest percentage of respondents that have never thought the respondents that reside in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. about quitting smoking among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENTS: There are a higher percentage of respondents that would like to quit smoking among the residents of the settlements with favourable living conditions. 46 47 23. Have you ever seriously tried to quit smoking and managed not to smoke for at least 1 day? (only current smokers) % No Yes TOGETHER 31.7 68.3 GENDER Male 22.9 77.1 Female 40.0 60.0 AGE 25-30 years 38.7 61.3 31-40 years 33.3 66.7 41-50 years 30.2 69.8 51 years and more 24.1 75.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 36.8 63.2 Primary school 30.8 69.2 Vocational school or more 16.7 83.3 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 22.2 77.8 Less favourable conditions 41.1 58.9 WHOLE GROUP: 68% of the respondents have seriously tried to quit smoking. GENDER: There are a higher percentage of men than women among the respondents that have seriously tried to quit smoking. AGE: The highest percentage of respondents that have seriously tried to quit smoking can be found in the oldest age group. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that have seriously tried to quit smoking can be found among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: More respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions than in the settlements with less favourable conditions have tried to quit smoking. 48 24. Are you concerned about harmful health effects of smoking? (only current smokers) % ly too ery v light not ncerned s ncerned not ncerned ncerned I am co I am I am co I am co co TOGETHER 25.9 42.2 16.3 15.6 GENDER Male 23.2 42.0 15.9 18.8 Female 28.2 42.3 16.7 12.8 AGE 25-30 years 34.4 28.1 25.0 12.5 31-40 years 15.0 52.5 10.0 22.5 41-50 years 29.8 40.4 12.8 17.0 51 years and more 25.0 46.4 21.4 7.1 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 29.1 39.2 15.2 16.5 Primary school 18.9 54.1 18.9 8.1 Vocational school or more 20.8 37.5 16.7 25.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 30.0 44.3 14.3 11.4 Less favourable conditions 22.1 40.3 18.2 19.5 WHOLE GROUP: About one third of smokers are not concerned or not too concerned about the harmful health effects of smoking. GENDER: More man (34.8%) than women (29.5%) are not concerned or not too concerned about the harmful health effects of smoking. AGE: The percentage of smokers who are not concerned or not too concerned about the harmful health effects of smoking decreases with age. EDUCATION: The percentage of smokers who are not concerned or not too concerned about the harmful health effects of smoking is, interestingly enough, the highest among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of smokers who are not concerned or not too concerned about harmful health effects of smoking is much higher among the residents of settlements with less favourable living conditions. 49 DIET 26a. How often do you eat breakfast? 25. How many meals (e.g. breakfast, morning, afternoon snack, lunch, dinner) per day do you normally % eat? er er ay p p es es eek eek ver % w im w Ne Every d 4-6 tim 1-3 t s s al al ore s TOGETHER 50.6 0.8 12.1 36.6 me me m al or me 1-2 3-4 5 GENDER Male 51.0 1.0 14.0 34.0 Female 50.3 0.6 10.8 38.2 TOGETHER 24.8 58.5 16.7 AGE 25-30 years 54.9 2.0 11.8 31.4 GENDER Male 17.8 62.4 19.8 31-40 years 42.3 1.4 18.3 38.0 Female 29.3 56.1 14.6 41-50 years 49.3 0.0 11.9 38.8 51 years and more 57.4 0.0 5.9 36.8 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 56.9 23.5 31-40 years 25.4 57.7 16.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 50.0 0.0 11.5 38.5 41-50 years 30.9 58.8 10.3 Primary school 40.9 3.0 18.2 37.9 51 years and more 22.1 60.3 17.6 Vocational school or more 52.4 0.0 9.5 38.1 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 29.8 55.7 14.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 46.1 0.8 14.8 38.3 Primary school 24.2 54.5 21.2 Less favourable conditions 55.0 0.8 9.3 34.9 Vocational school or more 14.3 61.9 23.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 22.5 60.5 17.1 Less favourable conditions 27.1 56.6 16.3 WHOLE GROUP: 50.6% of the respondents eat breakfast every day while as many as 36.6% of the respondents never eat breakfast. GENDER: There are a higher percentage of men than women that never eat breakfast. AGE: The highest percentage of Roma people who never eat breakfast are aged between 41 and 50 years WHOLE GROUP: Recommended 3-4 meals per day are eaten by 58.5% of Roma people, however a little less while the highest percentage of those who eat breakfast every day can be found among the oldest than 25% of Roma people eat only 1-2 meals per day. respondents. GENDER: Significantly more female than male respondents eat only 1-2 meals per day. EDUCATION: There are no major differences with regard to education among those who never eat breakfast. However, the percentage of those who have breakfast every day is highest among the most educated AGE: The highest percentage of Roma people that eat only 1-2 meals per day can be found in the age group respondents. from 41 to 50 years. SETTLEMENT: When it comes to the type of settlement, there are no major differences among those who EDUCATION: The percentage of those who eat only 1-2 meals per day is highest among the least educated never eat breakfast. However, the percentage of respondents that eat breakfast every day is higher among respondents. the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of respondents who eat only 1-2 meals per day is higher among the residents of settlements with less favourable conditions than among the residents of settlements with favourable conditions. 50 51 DIET 26a. How often do you eat breakfast? 25. How many meals (e.g. breakfast, morning, afternoon snack, lunch, dinner) per day do you normally % eat? er er ay p p es es eek eek ver % tim w im w Ne Every d 3 t 4-6 1- s s al al ore s TOGETHER 50.6 0.8 12.1 36.6 me me m al or me 1-2 3-4 5 GENDER Male 51.0 1.0 14.0 34.0 Female 50.3 0.6 10.8 38.2 TOGETHER 24.8 58.5 16.7 AGE 25-30 years 54.9 2.0 11.8 31.4 GENDER Male 17.8 62.4 19.8 31-40 years 42.3 1.4 18.3 38.0 Female 29.3 56.1 14.6 41-50 years 49.3 0.0 11.9 38.8 51 years and more 57.4 0.0 5.9 36.8 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 56.9 23.5 31-40 years 25.4 57.7 16.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 50.0 0.0 11.5 38.5 41-50 years 30.9 58.8 10.3 Primary school 40.9 3.0 18.2 37.9 51 years and more 22.1 60.3 17.6 Vocational school or more 52.4 0.0 9.5 38.1 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 29.8 55.7 14.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 46.1 0.8 14.8 38.3 Primary school 24.2 54.5 21.2 Less favourable conditions 55.0 0.8 9.3 34.9 Vocational school or more 14.3 61.9 23.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 22.5 60.5 17.1 Less favourable conditions 27.1 56.6 16.3 WHOLE GROUP: 50.6% of the respondents eat breakfast every day while as many as 36.6% of the respondents never eat breakfast. GENDER: There are a higher percentage of men than women that never eat breakfast. AGE: The highest percentage of Roma people who never eat breakfast are aged between 41 and 50 years WHOLE GROUP: Recommended 3-4 meals per day are eaten by 58.5% of Roma people, however a little less while the highest percentage of those who eat breakfast every day can be found among the oldest than 25% of Roma people eat only 1-2 meals per day. respondents. GENDER: Significantly more female than male respondents eat only 1-2 meals per day. EDUCATION: There are no major differences with regard to education among those who never eat breakfast. However, the percentage of those who have breakfast every day is highest among the most educated AGE: The highest percentage of Roma people that eat only 1-2 meals per day can be found in the age group respondents. from 41 to 50 years. SETTLEMENT: When it comes to the type of settlement, there are no major differences among those who EDUCATION: The percentage of those who eat only 1-2 meals per day is highest among the least educated never eat breakfast. However, the percentage of respondents that eat breakfast every day is higher among respondents. the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of respondents who eat only 1-2 meals per day is higher among the residents of settlements with less favourable conditions than among the residents of settlements with favourable conditions. 50 51 26b. How often do you eat a morning snack? % er er ay p p es es ver im eek eek w im w Ne Every d 3 t 4-6 t 1- TOGETHER 23.7 9.7 16.3 50.2 GENDER Male 29.7 11.9 19.8 38.6 Female 19.9 8.3 14.1 57.7 AGE 25-30 years 29.4 5.9 11.8 52.9 31-40 years 21.1 8.5 19.7 50.7 41-50 years 20.9 10.4 16.4 52.2 51 years and more 25.0 13.2 16.2 45.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 23.7 8.4 14.5 53.4 Primary school 27.3 13.6 18.2 40.9 Vocational school or more 23.8 11.9 11.9 52.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 20.2 10.9 13.2 55.8 Less favourable conditions 27.3 8.6 19.5 44.5 WHOLE GROUP: 23.7% of Roma people eat a morning snack. GENDER: The percentage of those who eat a morning snack is higher among men than women. AGE: A morning snack is most frequently eaten by the youngest group of respondents. EDUCATION: Individuals that finished primary school represent the highest percentage of respondents who eat a morning snack every day. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable conditions eat an everyday morning snack more frequently than those that reside in the settlements with favourable living conditions. 52 26c. How often do you eat lunch? % er er ay p p es es ver im eek eek w tim w Ne Every d 6 t 4- 1-3 TOGETHER 93.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 GENDER Male 92.1 3.0 3.0 2.0 Female 93.6 1.9 1.9 2.5 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 0.0 2.0 3.9 31-40 years 95.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 41-50 years 88.2 4.4 4.4 2.9 51 years and more 94.1 2.9 1.5 1.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 91.6 3.1 1.5 3.8 Primary school 92.4 3.0 3.0 1.5 Vocational school or more 95.2 0.0 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 97.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Less favourable conditions 88.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 WHOLE GROUP: Roma people consider lunch to be the most important meal since no less than 93% of the respondents eat it every day. GENDER: There are almost no differences in the shares of men and women that eat lunch every day. AGE: Roma people aged between 41 and 50 eat lunch slightly less frequently than respondents from other age groups. EDUCATION: Respondents with the highest level of education eat lunch more frequently than least educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: The respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions eat lunch less frequently than those that reside in the settlements with favourable living conditions. 53 26d. How often do you eat an afternoon snack? 26e. How often do you eat dinner? % % er er er er ay p p ay p p es es ver es es ver im eek eek eek eek w im w Ne im w im w Ne Every d 3 t Every d 4-6 t 1- . 4-6 t 1-3 t TOGETHER 29.3 3.5 20.3 46.9 TOGETHER 80.2 1.9 8.5 9.3 GENDER Male 30.7 5.0 17.8 46.5 GENDER Male 89.1 2.0 5.0 4.0 Female 28.4 2.6 21.9 47.1 Female 74.5 1.9 10.8 12.7 AGE 25-30 years 43.1 2.0 13.7 41.2 AGE 25-30 years 78.4 2.0 7.8 11.8 31-40 years 32.4 4.2 23.9 39.4 31-40 years 84.5 0.0 7.0 8.5 41-50 years 17.9 4.5 26.9 50.7 41-50 years 76.5 4.4 8.8 10.3 51 years and more 26.9 3.0 14.9 55.2 51 years and more 80.9 1.5 10.3 7.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.9 3.1 17.7 52.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 77.9 3.1 9.9 9.2 Primary school 28.8 4.5 21.2 45.5 Primary school 77.3 1.5 7.6 13.6 Vocational school or more 45.2 4.8 16.7 33.3 Vocational school or more 92.9 0.0 2.4 4.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 32.6 3.9 17.1 46.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 82.2 0.8 7.8 9.3 Less favourable conditions 26.0 3.1 23.6 47.2 Less favourable conditions 78.3 3.1 9.3 9.3 WHOLE GROUP: Only 43.1% of Roma people eat an afternoon snack. WHOLE GROUP: Dinner is the second most important meal since no less than 80.2% of the respondents eat it every day. GENDER: There are no major differences between men and women when it comes to eating an afternoon snack. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that eat dinner every day is higher among men than women. AGE: The oldest respondents seldom eat an afternoon snack. AGE: When it comes to eating dinner, there are no major differences with regard to age. EDUCATION: An afternoon snack is the most frequently eaten by the most educated Roma people. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that eat dinner every day can be found among the most educated group of Roma people (no less than 92.9%). SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions eat an afternoon snack slightly more often than respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. SETTLEMENT: The respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living condition eat dinner slightly more often than residents of settlements with less favourable living conditions. 54 55 26d. How often do you eat an afternoon snack? 26e. How often do you eat dinner? % % er er er er ay p p ay p p es es ver es es ver im eek eek eek eek w im w Ne im w im w Ne Every d Every d 6 t 3 t 4-6 t 1-3 t . 4- 1- TOGETHER 29.3 3.5 20.3 46.9 TOGETHER 80.2 1.9 8.5 9.3 GENDER Male 30.7 5.0 17.8 46.5 GENDER Male 89.1 2.0 5.0 4.0 Female 28.4 2.6 21.9 47.1 Female 74.5 1.9 10.8 12.7 AGE 25-30 years 43.1 2.0 13.7 41.2 AGE 25-30 years 78.4 2.0 7.8 11.8 31-40 years 32.4 4.2 23.9 39.4 31-40 years 84.5 0.0 7.0 8.5 41-50 years 17.9 4.5 26.9 50.7 41-50 years 76.5 4.4 8.8 10.3 51 years and more 26.9 3.0 14.9 55.2 51 years and more 80.9 1.5 10.3 7.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.9 3.1 17.7 52.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 77.9 3.1 9.9 9.2 Primary school 28.8 4.5 21.2 45.5 Primary school 77.3 1.5 7.6 13.6 Vocational school or more 45.2 4.8 16.7 33.3 Vocational school or more 92.9 0.0 2.4 4.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 32.6 3.9 17.1 46.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 82.2 0.8 7.8 9.3 Less favourable conditions 26.0 3.1 23.6 47.2 Less favourable conditions 78.3 3.1 9.3 9.3 WHOLE GROUP: Only 43.1% of Roma people eat an afternoon snack. WHOLE GROUP: Dinner is the second most important meal since no less than 80.2% of the respondents eat it every day. GENDER: There are no major differences between men and women when it comes to eating an afternoon snack. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that eat dinner every day is higher among men than women. AGE: The oldest respondents seldom eat an afternoon snack. AGE: When it comes to eating dinner, there are no major differences with regard to age. EDUCATION: An afternoon snack is the most frequently eaten by the most educated Roma people. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that eat dinner every day can be found among the most educated group of Roma people (no less than 92.9%). SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions eat an afternoon snack slightly more often than respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. SETTLEMENT: The respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living condition eat dinner slightly more often than residents of settlements with less favourable living conditions. 54 55 26f. How often do you have an occasional meal/snack (e.g. while watching television)? % er er ay p p es es ver im eek eek w im w Ne Every d 3 t 4-6 t 1- TOGETHER 27.6 5.9 25.2 41.3 GENDER Male 31.6 7.1 28.6 32.7 Female 25.0 5.1 23.1 46.8 AGE 25-30 years 40.0 4.0 30.0 26.0 31-40 years 24.3 8.6 28.6 38.6 41-50 years 28.8 7.6 19.7 43.9 51 years and more 20.6 2.9 23.5 52.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 25.6 3.9 22.5 48.1 Primary school 33.8 6.2 30.8 29.2 Vocational school or more 31.0 14.3 28.6 26.2 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 32.3 6.3 20.5 40.9 Less favourable conditions 22.8 5.5 29.9 41.7 WHOLE GROUP: Less than one third of Roma people (never more than 40%) have an occasional meal/snack every day. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that have an occasional meal/snack every day is slightly higher among men than women. On the other hand, almost 47% of all female respondents never have an occasional meal/snack. AGE: Among the age groups it is the youngest respondents that have an occasional meal/snack the most frequently. EDUCATION: There are no major differences with regard to the education of respondents. However, among the least educated respondents there are a slightly higher percentage of those that never have an occasional meal/snack. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions have an occasional meal/snack more frequently than residents of settlements with less favourable living conditions. 56 26f. How often do you have an occasional meal/snack (e.g. while watching television)? 27a. Where do you eat breakfast? % % er er e s ay p p hi hom es es e ver t t im eek eek al w im w he ea Ne Every d me At hom 4-6 t 1-3 t side tut I do not TOGETHER 27.6 5.9 25.2 41.3 O TOGETHER 63.1 0.4 36.5 GENDER Male 31.6 7.1 28.6 32.7 Female 25.0 5.1 23.1 46.8 GENDER Male 65.3 1.0 33.7 Female 61.7 0.0 38.3 AGE 25-30 years 40.0 4.0 30.0 26.0 31-40 years 24.3 8.6 28.6 38.6 AGE 25-30 years 64.7 2.0 33.3 41-50 years 28.8 7.6 19.7 43.9 31-40 years 61.4 0.0 38.6 51 years and more 20.6 2.9 23.5 52.9 41-50 years 63.2 0.0 36.8 51 years and more 63.6 0.0 36.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 25.6 3.9 22.5 48.1 Primary school 33.8 6.2 30.8 29.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 62.3 0.0 37.7 Vocational school or more 31.0 14.3 28.6 26.2 Primary school 61.5 0.0 38.5 Vocational school or more 59.5 2.4 38.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 32.3 6.3 20.5 40.9 Less favourable conditions 22.8 5.5 29.9 41.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 60.3 0.8 38.9 Less favourable conditions 65.9 0.0 34.1 WHOLE GROUP: Less than one third of Roma people (never more than 40%) have an occasional meal/snack every day. WHOLE GROUP: More than 63% of the respondents eat breakfast at home. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that have an occasional meal/snack every day is slightly higher GENDER: There are no major differences with regard to the gender. among men than women. On the other hand, almost 47% of all female respondents never have an occasional meal/snack. AGE: Moreover, there are no major differences with regard to the age of the respondents. AGE: Among the age groups it is the youngest respondents that have an occasional meal/snack the most EDUCATION: There are also no major differences when it comes to the level of education that the frequently. respondents have. EDUCATION: There are no major differences with regard to the education of respondents. However, among SETTLEMENT: What is more, there are no major differences that could be related to the type of the the least educated respondents there are a slightly higher percentage of those that never have an occasional settlement that respondents reside in. meal/snack. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions have an occasional meal/snack more frequently than residents of settlements with less favourable living conditions. 56 57 27b. Where do you eat a morning snack? 27c. Where do you eat lunch? % % e s e s hi hi e hom t t e hom t t he ea al he ea al me me At hom side t At hom side t ut ut O I do not O I do not TOGETHER 40.2 8.7 51.2 TOGETHER 95.3 2.0 2.7 GENDER Male 45.0 16.0 39.0 GENDER Male 95.0 3.0 2.0 Female 37.0 3.9 59.1 Female 95.5 1.3 3.2 AGE 25-30 years 44.0 4.0 52.0 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 31-40 years 38.6 10.0 51.4 31-40 years 98.6 1.4 41-50 years 30.9 13.2 55.9 41-50 years 92.6 2.9 4.4 51 years and more 48.5 6.1 45.5 51 years and more 95.5 1.5 3.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 41.9 3.9 54.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 95.3 0.8 3.9 Primary school 46.2 12.3 41.5 Primary school 93.9 3.0 3.0 Vocational school or more 26.2 21.4 52.4 Vocational school or more 95.2 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 34.1 11.9 54.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 96.1 3.9 0.0 Less favourable conditions 46.1 5.5 48.4 Less favourable conditions 94.5 0.0 5.5 WHOLE GROUP: Around 40% of the respondents eat a morning snack at home. WHOLE GROUP: No less than 95% of the respondents eat lunch at home. GENDER: More men than women eat a morning snack at home. GENDER: There are no major differences with regard to the gender of the respondents. AGE: A morning snack is most frequently eaten at home by the oldest respondents and least frequently by AGE: What Is more, there are no major differences with regard to the age of the respondents. the respondents aged from 41 to 50. EDUCATION: There are also no major connected to the level of education. EDUCATION: A morning snack is least frequently eaten at home by the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: No major differences appeared also with regard to the type of settlement that the respondents SETTLEMENT: A morning snack is most frequently eaten at home by the respondents living in the settlements live in. with less favourable living conditions. 58 59 27b. Where do you eat a morning snack? 27c. Where do you eat lunch? % % e s e s hi hi e hom t t e hom t t he ea al he ea al me me At hom side t At hom side t ut ut O I do not O I do not TOGETHER 40.2 8.7 51.2 TOGETHER 95.3 2.0 2.7 GENDER Male 45.0 16.0 39.0 GENDER Male 95.0 3.0 2.0 Female 37.0 3.9 59.1 Female 95.5 1.3 3.2 AGE 25-30 years 44.0 4.0 52.0 AGE 25-30 years 94.1 2.0 3.9 31-40 years 38.6 10.0 51.4 31-40 years 98.6 1.4 41-50 years 30.9 13.2 55.9 41-50 years 92.6 2.9 4.4 51 years and more 48.5 6.1 45.5 51 years and more 95.5 1.5 3.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 41.9 3.9 54.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 95.3 0.8 3.9 Primary school 46.2 12.3 41.5 Primary school 93.9 3.0 3.0 Vocational school or more 26.2 21.4 52.4 Vocational school or more 95.2 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 34.1 11.9 54.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 96.1 3.9 0.0 Less favourable conditions 46.1 5.5 48.4 Less favourable conditions 94.5 0.0 5.5 WHOLE GROUP: Around 40% of the respondents eat a morning snack at home. WHOLE GROUP: No less than 95% of the respondents eat lunch at home. GENDER: More men than women eat a morning snack at home. GENDER: There are no major differences with regard to the gender of the respondents. AGE: A morning snack is most frequently eaten at home by the oldest respondents and least frequently by AGE: What Is more, there are no major differences with regard to the age of the respondents. the respondents aged from 41 to 50. EDUCATION: There are also no major connected to the level of education. EDUCATION: A morning snack is least frequently eaten at home by the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: No major differences appeared also with regard to the type of settlement that the respondents SETTLEMENT: A morning snack is most frequently eaten at home by the respondents living in the settlements live in. with less favourable living conditions. 58 59 27d. Where do you eat an afternoon snack? % e s hi e hom t t he ea al me At hom side tut O I do not TOGETHER 52.4 2.0 45.7 GENDER Male 57.0 3.0 40.0 Female 49.4 1.3 49.4 AGE 25-30 years 58.8 3.9 37.3 31-40 years 58.0 1.4 40.6 41-50 years 45.6 1.5 52.9 51 years and more 48.5 1.5 50.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 47.3 0.8 51.9 Primary school 55.4 3.1 41.5 Vocational school or more 66.7 4.8 28.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 53.6 4.0 42.4 Less favourable conditions 51.2 0.0 48.8 WHOLE GROUP: More than 50% of the respondents eat an afternoon snack at home. GENDER: More men than women eat this meal at home. AGE: An afternoon snack is most frequently eaten at home by the respondents belonging to the youngest age group. EDUCATION: An afternoon snack is most frequently eaten at home by the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: No major differences appear with regard to the type of settlement that the respondents live in. 60 27e. Where do you eat dinner? % e s hi e hom t t he ea al me At hom side tut O I do not TOGETHER 89.8 0.8 9.4 GENDER Male 95.0 0.0 5.0 Female 86.5 1.3 12.3 AGE 25-30 years 88.2 0.0 11.8 31-40 years 87.3 0.0 12.7 41-50 years 92.6 0.0 7.4 51 years and more 90.9 3.0 6.1 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 88.5 0.8 10.7 Primary school 86.2 1.5 12.3 Vocational school or more 97.6 0.0 2.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 89.8 0.8 9.4 Less favourable conditions 89.9 0.8 9.3 WHOLE GROUP: A little less than 90% of the respondents eat the dinner at home. GENDER: A slightly higher percentage of men than women eat the dinner at home. AGE: When it comes to the place where the respondents eat dinner, there are no major differences with regard to the age. EDUCATION: The most educated respondents eat dinner at home slightly more often than other groups of Roma people. SETTLEMENT: There are again no major differences with regard to the type of settlement that the respondents live in. 61 28. What kind of fat do you mostly use to prepare food? % , ine ther ils sour, ( argar ter rd oil or o able o m et , m but La le) live veg Crea O doub TOGETHER 80.9 1.2 17.9 GENDER Male 83.0 3.0 14.0 Female 79.6 0.0 20.4 AGE 25-30 years 86.0 4.0 10.0 31-40 years 83.1 1.4 15.5 41-50 years 82.4 0.0 17.6 51 years and more 73.5 0.0 26.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 75.6 0.0 24.4 Primary school 87.7 4.6 7.7 Vocational school or more 92.9 0.0 7.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 86.0 1.6 12.4 Less favourable conditions 75.8 0.8 23.4 WHOLE GROUP: Almost 81% of the respondents report that they use olive oil or other vegetable oils to prepare food. GENDER: The percentage of the respondents that use olive oil or other vegetable oils is slightly higher among men than among women. AGE: The percentage of the respondents that use olive oil or other vegetable oils is lowest among the oldest respondents. The percentage of such respondents in other age groups is higher but similar. EDUCATION: The most educated respondents reported that they use olive oil or other vegetable oils much more frequently than respondents from other groups. SETTLEMENT: The respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions reported much more frequently that they use olive oil or other vegetable oils to prepare food than residents of other settlements. 62 29. What kind of fat do you use on bread mostly? % ine ine a') rd argar asek argar m or la 'z None ng fat m ry ter - na But Low rdi (includi O TOGETHER 15.7 13.3 56.1 14.9 GENDER Male 18.8 11.9 49.5 19.8 Female 13.6 14.3 60.4 11.7 AGE 25-30 years 21.6 11.8 52.9 13.7 31-40 years 12.7 18.3 54.9 14.1 41-50 years 10.6 9.1 57.6 22.7 51 years and more 19.4 13.4 58.2 9.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 14.7 12.4 58.1 14.7 Primary school 22.7 13.6 48.5 15.2 Vocational school or more 7.1 19.0 59.5 14.3 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 17.5 20.6 45.2 16.7 Less favourable conditions 14.0 6.2 66.7 13.2 WHOLE GROUP: Almost 15% of the respondents eat animal fat on bread. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that use animal fat on bread is higher among men than among women. AGE: The percentage of the respondents that use animal fat on bread is lowest among the oldest respondents. EDUCATION: When it comes to the use of animal fat on bread, there are no major differences with regard to the education of respondents. SETTLEMENT: Residents of the settlements with favourable living conditions use animal fat on bread somewhat more often than other respondents. 63 30. What kind of milk do you most frequently use? 31. What type of bread (including rolls and other types of bakery products) do you most often eat? % % 5% lk f ilk, il d d) o ole ther d, o ilk m (1, d mi nd rea rea rea es m ow fat fat d (also d) d, wh d, o yp d nk ily c 5% d a ite b t rea dri g less brea brea rea (rye b heat b brea ith 3, in brea 5% of fat) t b es lk, fam lf wh ilk ck b ea fferent ilk w less), skimme (0. Ha ontain m Bla wh typ buckw Di I do not e mi m White hol ilk c fat or W M of TOGETHER 25.7 17.5 45.5 11.3 TOGETHER 27.9 34.5 37.6 GENDER Male 24.8 21.8 38.6 14.9 GENDER Male Female 29.7 35.6 34.7 26.3 14.7 50.0 9.0 Female 26.8 33.8 39.5 AGE 25-30 years 33.3 13.7 37.3 15.7 AGE 25-30 years 31-40 years 29.4 25.5 45.1 22.5 22.5 39.4 15.5 31-40 years 41-50 years 21.1 38.0 40.8 20.6 19.1 50.0 10.3 41-50 years 51 years and more 30.9 33.8 35.3 28.4 13.4 53.7 4.5 51 years and more 30.9 38.2 30.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.2 17.7 47.7 8.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school Primary school 33.6 32.8 33.6 22.7 15.2 48.5 13.6 Primary school Vocational school or more 24.2 37.9 37.9 31.0 14.3 35.7 19.0 Vocational school or more 9.5 33.3 57.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 26.4 13.2 47.3 13.2 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions Less favourable conditions 18.6 37.2 44.2 25.0 21.9 43.8 9.4 Less favourable conditions 37.2 31,8 31.0 WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of respondents reported that they most frequently eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread. WHOLE GROUP: 34.5% of the respondents drink milk with relatively high fat content. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat GENDER: The percentage of the respondents that consume milk with relatively high fat content is similar bread is much higher among women than among men. among men and women. AGE: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread AGE: The percentage of the respondents that consume milk with relatively high fat content is lowest among increases with age. the youngest respondents. EDUCATION: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that consume milk with relatively high fat content is highest buckwheat bread is lowest among the most educated respondents. among respondents that finished primary school. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions consume milk with buckwheat bread is slightly higher among the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. relatively high fat content slightly more often than those that live in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. High percentage (40%) of the latter does not even drink milk. 64 65 31. What type of bread (including rolls and other types of bakery products) do you most often eat? % il f o d ole d) ther d, o rea rea es d (also nd rea d a d) d, o yp d d, wh ite b t brea rea rea heat b brea brea (rye b brea lf wh t b es ilk ck b ea fferent m Ha typ buckw Di White Bla wh TOGETHER 25.7 17.5 45.5 11.3 GENDER Male 24.8 21.8 38.6 14.9 Female 26.3 14.7 50.0 9.0 AGE 25-30 years 33.3 13.7 37.3 15.7 31-40 years 22.5 22.5 39.4 15.5 41-50 years 20.6 19.1 50.0 10.3 51 years and more 28.4 13.4 53.7 4.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.2 17.7 47.7 8.5 Primary school 22.7 15.2 48.5 13.6 Vocational school or more 31.0 14.3 35.7 19.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 26.4 13.2 47.3 13.2 Less favourable conditions 25.0 21.9 43.8 9.4 WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of respondents reported that they most frequently eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread is much higher among women than among men. AGE: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread increases with age. EDUCATION: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread is lowest among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of respondents that eat black bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread or buckwheat bread is slightly higher among the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. 65 32. How much bread do you normally eat per day? 33. How much water do you usually drink per day? % % n s 50 ha l ) ram 500 nk ore ri n 2 s t n s n 2d 5l r -1l m ha les slices ha ha l-0, 5l -2l t s ( gram t 0, 1l wate m 2-3 – 500 g re t 2d and Less Mo Less 2l I do not d gra 250 TOGETHER 77.3 18.8 3.9 TOGETHER 14.8 23.3 14.4 16.7 14.0 16.7 GENDER Male 59.4 32.7 7.9 GENDER Male 14.9 26.7 14.9 17.8 14.9 10.9 Female 89.0 9.7 1.3 Female 14.7 21.2 14.1 16.0 13.5 20.5 AGE 25-30 years 62.7 23.5 13.7 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 13.7 11.8 13.7 19.6 21.6 31-40 years 82.9 17.1 0.0 31-40 years 14.1 25.4 9.9 23.9 8.5 18.3 41-50 years 72.1 25.0 2.9 41-50 years 7.4 27.9 17.6 17.6 16.2 13.2 51 years and more 88.1 10.4 1.5 51 years and more 19.4 23.9 17.9 10.4 13.4 14.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 77.7 18.5 3.8 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 16.0 20.6 14.5 16.0 16.0 16.8 Primary school 77.3 15.2 7.6 Primary school 16.7 24.2 15.2 16.7 12.1 15.2 Vocational school or more 71.4 28.6 0.0 Vocational school or more 11.9 28.6 7.1 21.4 14.3 16.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 85.2 11.7 3.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 18.0 19.5 15.6 19.5 17.2 10.2 Less favourable conditions 69.5 25.8 4.7 Less favourable conditions 11.6 27.1 13.2 14.0 10.9 23.3 WHOLE GROUP: The majority of respondents (77%) eat less than 250 grams of bread per day. GENDER: Women eat less bread than men. WHOLE GROUP: 16.7% of the respondents never drink water. AGE: The oldest respondents eat the smallest quantity of bread and the youngest respondents eat the largest GENDER: More women than men never drink water. quantity of bread per day. AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents that never drink water can be found among the youngest EDUCATION: The most educated respondents eat slightly more bread than other respondents. respondents. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions eat more bread EDUCATION: There are no major differences with regard to the level of education. than other respondents. SETTLEMENT: There are more respondents that never drink water among the residents of settlements with less favourable living condition. 66 67 33. How much water do you usually drink per day? % l nk n 2d 5l ore ri r -1l ha -2l m t l-0, 5l 1l 2d 0, and wate Less 2l I do not d TOGETHER 14.8 23.3 14.4 16.7 14.0 16.7 GENDER Male 14.9 26.7 14.9 17.8 14.9 10.9 Female 14.7 21.2 14.1 16.0 13.5 20.5 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 13.7 11.8 13.7 19.6 21.6 31-40 years 14.1 25.4 9.9 23.9 8.5 18.3 41-50 years 7.4 27.9 17.6 17.6 16.2 13.2 51 years and more 19.4 23.9 17.9 10.4 13.4 14.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 16.0 20.6 14.5 16.0 16.0 16.8 Primary school 16.7 24.2 15.2 16.7 12.1 15.2 Vocational school or more 11.9 28.6 7.1 21.4 14.3 16.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 18.0 19.5 15.6 19.5 17.2 10.2 Less favourable conditions 11.6 27.1 13.2 14.0 10.9 23.3 WHOLE GROUP: 16.7% of the respondents never drink water. GENDER: More women than men never drink water. AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents that never drink water can be found among the youngest respondents. EDUCATION: There are no major differences with regard to the level of education. SETTLEMENT: There are more respondents that never drink water among the residents of settlements with less favourable living condition. 67 34a. How often do you consume milk and dairy products (milk, cheese, yoghurt, quark, etc.)? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m tim w tim w per d 3 t e re t per d 1- 1-3 4-6 Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 18.4 16.4 30.5 10.9 19.9 3.9 GENDER Male 21.0 15.0 34.0 9.0 18.0 3.0 Female 16.7 17.3 28.2 12.2 21.2 4.5 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 17.6 25.5 15.7 17.6 3.9 31-40 years 11.3 11.3 40.8 11.3 22.5 2.8 41-50 years 19.4 22.4 20.9 7.5 25.4 4.5 51 years and more 23.9 14.9 32.8 10.4 13.4 4.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 23.3 20.2 27.9 6.2 20.9 1.6 Primary school 12.1 13.6 40.9 18.2 12.1 3.0 Vocational school or more 7.1 11.9 28.6 11.9 28.6 11.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 13.4 11.0 29.9 17.3 22.8 5.5 Less favourable conditions 23.3 21.7 31.0 4.7 17.1 2.3 WHOLE GROUP: Average respondent consumes milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. GENDER: The highest percentage of men and women consumes milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. However, this percentage is slightly lower among women than among men. AGE: Respondents in all the age groups, except for respondent aged between 41 and 50, normally consume milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. Respondents belonging to the age group between 41 and 50 years consume milk 1-3 times per month. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents in all the age groups consumes milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. SETTLEMENT: Answers of respondents residing in both types of settlements do not differ from the average answer on the level of the whole group. 68 34a. How often do you consume milk and dairy products (milk, cheese, yoghurt, quark, etc.)? 34b. How often do you normally eat fresh fruit (apples, pears, peaches, bananas, oranges, lemons, etc.)? % % er er er er er er ay p p p ay once p p p once ay th n ay ver es th es es n ver es es es per d on eek eek ha on eek eek ha Ne im im im im e m w w per d Ne w w e m per d re t per d 3 t 3 t 6 t re t 1-3 t 1-3 tim 4-6 tim 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 18.4 16.4 30.5 10.9 19.9 3.9 TOGETHER 5.0 15.9 25.2 22.9 20.9 10.1 GENDER Male 21.0 15.0 34.0 9.0 18.0 3.0 GENDER Male 5.9 17.8 31.7 22.8 16.8 5.0 Female 16.7 17.3 28.2 12.2 21.2 4.5 Female 4.5 14.6 21.0 22.9 23.6 13.4 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 17.6 25.5 15.7 17.6 3.9 AGE 25-30 years 3.9 15.7 31.4 21.6 17.6 9.8 31-40 years 11.3 11.3 40.8 11.3 22.5 2.8 31-40 years 2.8 11.3 32.4 23.9 18.3 11.3 41-50 years 19.4 22.4 20.9 7.5 25.4 4.5 41-50 years 2.9 20.6 25.0 14.7 26.5 10.3 51 years and more 23.9 14.9 32.8 10.4 13.4 4.5 51 years and more 10.3 16.2 13.2 30.9 20.6 8.8 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 23.3 20.2 27.9 6.2 20.9 1.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 6.1 19.1 22.1 19.8 25.2 7.6 Primary school 12.1 13.6 40.9 18.2 12.1 3.0 Primary school 3.0 10.6 21.2 34.8 18.2 12.1 Vocational school or more 7.1 11.9 28.6 11.9 28.6 11.9 Vocational school or more 2.4 11.9 38.1 11.9 16.7 19.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 13.4 11.0 29.9 17.3 22.8 5.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 5.4 7.8 23.3 24.0 23.3 16.3 Less favourable conditions 23.3 21.7 31.0 4.7 17.1 2.3 Less favourable conditions 4.7 24.0 27.1 21.7 18.6 3.9 WHOLE GROUP: Average respondent consumes milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of respondents eats fruit 1-3 times per week. GENDER: The highest percentage of men and women consumes milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. GENDER: The highest percentage of men and women consumes fruit 1-3 times per week. However, this However, this percentage is slightly lower among women than among men. percentage is slightly lower among women than among men. AGE: Respondents in all the age groups, except for respondent aged between 41 and 50, normally consume AGE: Respondents in all the age groups, except for respondent aged between 41 and 50, normally eat fruit milk and dairy products 1-3 times per week. Respondents belonging to the age group between 41 and 50 years 1-3 times per week. Respondents belonging to the age group between 41 and 50 years eat fruit 4-6 times per consume milk 1-3 times per month. week. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents in all the age groups consumes milk and dairy products EDUCATION: Respondents that have not finished primary school most frequently eat fruit once per week, 1-3 times per week. respondents that have finished primary school eat it 4-6 times per week, while the most educated respondents eat fruit 1-3 times per week. SETTLEMENT: Answers of respondents residing in both types of settlements do not differ from the average answer on the level of the whole group. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions most frequently eat fruit 4-6 times per week, whereas the respondents that reside in the settlements with less favourable living conditions eat it 1-3 times per week. 68 69 34c. How often do you normally eat processed fruit (compotes, marmalades, etc.)? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 30.5 38.3 24.6 5.9 0.0 0.8 GENDER Male 32.7 37.6 24.8 5.0 0.0 0.0 Female 29.0 38.7 24.5 6.5 0.0 1.3 AGE 25-30 years 29.4 45.1 19.6 3.9 0.0 2.0 31-40 years 22.5 46.5 26.8 2.8 0.0 1.4 41-50 years 38.8 28.4 23.9 9.0 0.0 0.0 51 years and more 31.3 34.3 26.9 7.5 0.0 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 37.7 28.5 26.2 6.9 0.0 0.8 Primary school 22.7 53.0 18.2 6.1 0.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 16.7 45.2 33.3 2.4 0.0 2.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 27.6 40.2 23.6 7.1 0.0 1.6 Less favourable conditions 33.3 36.4 25.6 4.7 0.0 0.0 WHOLE GROUP: The respondents most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month. GENDER: Men, just like women, most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month. AGE: Respondents in all the age groups, except for the respondent aged between 41 and 50, most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month, while most respondents belonging to the age group between 41 and 50 do not eat processed fruit. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that have not finished primary school never eat processed fruit, while respondents that finished primary school and higher levels of education most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in both types of settlements most frequently consume processed fruit 1-3 times per month. 70 34c. How often do you normally eat processed fruit (compotes, marmalades, etc.)? 34d. How often do you drink 100% fruit juices? % % er er er er er er p p p ay once ay once ay p p p ay ver es th es es n es th es es n on eek eek ha ver on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d im im im per d e Ne m w w re t per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1-3 t 1-3 t 4-6 t Mo 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim 1 tim TOGETHER 30.5 38.3 24.6 5.9 0.0 0.8 TOGETHER 72.8 13.8 6.3 0.8 3.1 3.1 GENDER Male 32.7 37.6 24.8 5.0 0.0 0.0 GENDER Male 71.0 17.0 8.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 Female 29.0 38.7 24.5 6.5 0.0 1.3 Female 74.0 11.7 5.2 0.6 3.9 4.5 AGE 25-30 years 29.4 45.1 19.6 3.9 0.0 2.0 AGE 25-30 years 66.7 9.8 13.7 2.0 2.0 5.9 31-40 years 22.5 46.5 26.8 2.8 0.0 1.4 31-40 years 73.2 18.3 1.4 0.0 4.2 2.8 41-50 years 38.8 28.4 23.9 9.0 0.0 0.0 41-50 years 68.7 17.9 7.5 0.0 4.5 1.5 51 years and more 31.3 34.3 26.9 7.5 0.0 0.0 51 years and more 81.5 7.7 4.6 1.5 1.5 3.1 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 37.7 28.5 26.2 6.9 0.0 0.8 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 76.0 10.9 7.8 0.8 3.1 1.6 Primary school 22.7 53.0 18.2 6.1 0.0 0.0 Primary school 68.2 18.2 7.6 1.5 1.5 3.0 Vocational school or more 16.7 45.2 33.3 2.4 0.0 2.4 Vocational school or more 61,9 21.4 0.0 7.1 9.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 27.6 40.2 23.6 7.1 0.0 1.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 66.9 18.1 6.3 0.0 3.1 5.5 Less favourable conditions 33.3 36.4 25.6 4.7 0.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 78.7 9.4 6.3 1.6 3.1 0.8 WHOLE GROUP: The respondents most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month. Almost 73% of the respondents never drink 100% fruit juices. Data is similar for men and women, all the age groups, educational groups and residents of both types of settlements. GENDER: Men, just like women, most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month. AGE: Respondents in all the age groups, except for the respondent aged between 41 and 50, most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month, while most respondents belonging to the age group between 41 and 50 do not eat processed fruit. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that have not finished primary school never eat processed fruit, while respondents that finished primary school and higher levels of education most frequently eat processed fruit 1-3 times per month. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in both types of settlements most frequently consume processed fruit 1-3 times per month. 70 71 34e. How often do you eat fresh vegetables (lettuce, tomatoes, cabbage, etc.)? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 4.3 8.2 29.2 22.2 33.9 2.3 GENDER Male 3.0 10.9 26.7 24.8 31.7 3.0 Female 5.1 6.4 30.8 20.5 35.3 1.9 AGE 25-30 years 3.9 9.8 31.4 17.6 37.3 0.0 31-40 years 2.9 2.9 30.0 25.7 32.9 5.7 41-50 years 4.4 7.4 20.6 26.5 38.2 2.9 51 years and more 5.9 13.2 35.3 17.6 27.9 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 5.4 11.5 33.8 16.9 30.8 1.5 Primary school 1.5 6.1 21.2 24.2 42.4 4.5 Vocational school or more 4.8 0.0 28.6 28.6 35.7 2.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.0 2,3 24.0 20.9 41.1 4.7 Less favourable conditions 1.6 14.1 34.4 23.4 26.6 0.0 WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of respondents eats fresh vegetables once per day. GENDER: The highest percentage of men and women consumes fresh vegetables once per day. However, this percentage is slightly higher among women than among men. AGE: All the respondents, except for those aged 51 or more, most frequently eat fresh vegetables once per day. Respondents that are 51 are more years old, on the other hand, most frequently eat fresh vegetables 1-3 times per week. EDUCATION: Respondents that have not finished primary school most frequently eat vegetables once per week, while the rest of the respondents eat it once per day. SETTLEMENT: The highest percentage of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions eats fresh vegetables once per day, while the respondents living in the settlements with less favourable conditions most frequently eat it 1-3 times per week. 72 34e. How often do you eat fresh vegetables (lettuce, tomatoes, cabbage, etc.)? 34f. How often do you normally eat processed vegetables (cooked, braised, etc.)? % % er er er er er er p p p ay once ay once ay p p p ay ver es th es es n es th es es n on eek eek ha ver on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d im im im per d e Ne m w w re t per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1-3 t 1-3 t 4-6 t Mo 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim 1 tim TOGETHER 4.3 8.2 29.2 22.2 33.9 2.3 TOGETHER 7.5 17.3 45.1 19.6 9.4 1.2 GENDER Male 3.0 10.9 26.7 24.8 31.7 3.0 GENDER Male 6.9 17.8 46.5 16.8 9.9 2.0 Female 5.1 6.4 30.8 20.5 35.3 1.9 Female 7.8 16.9 44.2 21.4 9.1 0.6 AGE 25-30 years 3.9 9.8 31.4 17.6 37.3 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 7.8 31.4 21.6 21.6 17.6 0.0 31-40 years 2.9 2.9 30.0 25.7 32.9 5.7 31-40 years 8.5 12.7 52.1 18.3 5.6 2.8 41-50 years 4.4 7.4 20.6 26.5 38.2 2.9 41-50 years 4.5 10.4 47.8 23.9 11.9 1.5 51 years and more 5.9 13.2 35.3 17.6 27.9 0.0 51 years and more 9.1 18.2 53.0 15.2 4.5 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 5.4 11.5 33.8 16.9 30.8 1.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 7.8 14.7 48.1 18.6 10.1 0.8 Primary school 1.5 6.1 21.2 24.2 42.4 4.5 Primary school 4.5 16.7 47.0 19.7 10.6 1.5 Vocational school or more 4.8 0.0 28.6 28.6 35.7 2.4 Vocational school or more 9.5 23.8 31.0 26.2 7.1 2.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.0 2,3 24.0 20.9 41.1 4.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 4.7 11.8 39.4 27.6 14.2 2.4 Less favourable conditions 1.6 14.1 34.4 23.4 26.6 0.0 Less favourable conditions 10.2 22.7 50.8 11,.7 4.7 0.0 WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of respondents eats fresh vegetables once per day. WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of the respondents eats processed vegetables 1-3 times per week. GENDER: The highest percentage of men and women consumes fresh vegetables once per day. However, this GENDER: There are no major differences with regard to the gender. percentage is slightly higher among women than among men. AGE: All the respondents, except for the youngest age group, most frequently eat processed vegetables 1-3 AGE: All the respondents, except for those aged 51 or more, most frequently eat fresh vegetables once per times per week. The youngest respondents, on the other hand, most often eat processed vegetables 1-3 times day. Respondents that are 51 are more years old, on the other hand, most frequently eat fresh vegetables 1-per month. 3 times per week. EDUCATION: All the respondents eat processed vegetables 1-3 times per day, regardless of their educational EDUCATION: Respondents that have not finished primary school most frequently eat vegetables once per level. week, while the rest of the respondents eat it once per day. SETTLEMENT: Similar answers were provided by the residents of both types of settlements. SETTLEMENT: The highest percentage of the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions eats fresh vegetables once per day, while the respondents living in the settlements with less favourable conditions most frequently eat it 1-3 times per week. 72 73 34g. How often do you usually eat poultry (chicken or turkey meat)? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 7.8 12.1 57.2 16,7 5.8 0.4 GENDER Male 6.9 11.9 57.4 16,8 6.9 0.0 Female 8.3 12.2 57.1 16,7 5.1 0.6 AGE 25-30 years 11.8 9,8 49.0 19,6 9.8 0.0 31-40 years 8.5 8.5 59.2 18,3 5.6 0.0 41-50 years 7.4 7.4 60.3 19,1 4.4 1.5 51 years and more 4.5 22.4 58.2 10,4 4.5 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 9.2 11.5 55.7 19,1 3.8 0.8 Primary school 4.5 9.1 59.1 18,2 9.1 0.0 Vocational school or more 11.9 9.5 61.9 11,9 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 4.7 6.3 58.6 23,4 7.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 10.9 17.8 55.8 10,1 4.7 0.8 Poultry is most frequently consumed 1-3 times per week. There are no major with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 49.0 and 61.9%. 74 34h. How often do you normally eat red meat (pork, beef)? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 1.9 19.8 55.8 16.3 5.8 0.4 GENDER Male 2.0 15.8 55.4 20.8 5.9 0.0 Female 1.9 22.3 56.1 13.4 5.7 0.6 AGE 25-30 years 2.0 21.6 51.0 13.7 11.8 0.0 31-40 years 1.4 14.1 52.1 25.4 5.6 1.4 41-50 years 1.5 14.7 63.2 17.6 2.9 0.0 51 years and more 2.9 29.4 55.9 7.4 4.4 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 3.1 21.4 55.0 15.3 4.6 0.8 Primary school 0.0 19.7 51.5 21.2 7.6 0.0 Vocational school or more 0.0 9.5 66.7 16.7 7.1 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 0.8 12.4 59.7 21.7 5.4 0.0 Less favourable conditions 3.1 27.1 51.9 10.9 6.2 0.8 Red meat is most frequently consumed 1-3 times per week. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age group, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 51.0 and 66.7%. 75 34i. How often do you normally eat fish and seafood? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 21.8 51.4 23.3 2.7 0.8 0.0 GENDER Male 18.8 55.4 21.8 3.0 1.0 0.0 Female 23.7 48.7 24.4 2.6 0.6 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 13.7 51.0 33.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 21.1 50.7 25.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 41-50 years 23.9 55.2 17.9 3.0 0.0 0.0 51 years and more 26.5 48.5 19.1 2.9 2.9 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.9 46.9 20.8 3.8 1.5 0.0 Primary school 15.2 54.5 27.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 11.9 54.8 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 21.9 45.3 27.3 3.9 1.6 0.0 Less favourable conditions 21.7 57.4 19.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 Fish and seafood are most frequently consumed 1-3 times per month. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 45.3 and 57.4%. 76 34i. How often do you normally eat fish and seafood? 34j. How often do you eat potatoes, rice and pasta? % % er er er er er er p p p ay once ay once ay p p p ay ver es th es es n es th es es n on eek eek ha ver on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d im im im per d e Ne m w w re t per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1-3 t 1-3 t 4-6 t Mo 1- 1- 4- Mo 1 tim 1 tim TOGETHER 21.8 51.4 23.3 2.7 0.8 0.0 TOGETHER 1.2 1.9 16.7 29.6 50.2 0.4 GENDER Male 18.8 55.4 21.8 3.0 1.0 0.0 GENDER Male 1.0 4.0 15.0 30.0 50.0 0.0 Female 23.7 48.7 24.4 2.6 0.6 0.0 Female 1.3 0.6 17.8 29.3 50,.3 0.6 AGE 25-30 years 13.7 51.0 33.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 2.0 0.0 14.0 34.0 50.0 0.0 31-40 years 21.1 50.7 25.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 0.0 0.0 18.3 21.1 59.2 1.4 41-50 years 23.9 55.2 17.9 3.0 0.0 0.0 41-50 years 0.0 4.4 8.8 27.9 58.8 0.0 51 years and more 26.5 48.5 19.1 2.9 2.9 0.0 51 years and more 2.9 2.9 25.0 36.8 32.4 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.9 46.9 20.8 3.8 1.5 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 1.5 3.1 16.8 32.1 45.8 0.8 Primary school 15.2 54.5 27.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 Primary school 0.0 1.5 15.2 24.2 59.1 0.0 Vocational school or more 11.9 54.8 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 2.4 0.0 22.0 19.5 56.1 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 21.9 45.3 27.3 3.9 1.6 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 1.6 1.6 17.1 23.3 56.6 0.0 Less favourable conditions 21.7 57.4 19.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 0.8 2.3 16.4 35.9 43.8 0.8 Fish and seafood are most frequently consumed 1-3 times per month. There are no major differences with Tomatoes, rice and pasta are most frequently eaten once per day. There are no major differences with regard regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. Only exception is the oldest group of 45.3 and 57.4%. respondents that most frequently consume this type of food 4-6 times per week. 76 77 34k. How often do you normally eat an egg as an independent dish? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m tim w im w per d 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1-3 4- Mo 1 tim TOGETHER 29.2 40.5 25.7 3.1 1.6 0.0 GENDER Male 23.8 40.6 30.7 4.0 1.0 0.0 Female 32.7 40.4 22.4 2.6 1.9 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 25.5 39.2 31.4 0.0 3.9 0.0 31-40 years 18.3 46.5 32.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 41-50 years 41.2 35.3 19.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 51 years and more 31.3 40.3 20.9 6.0 1.5 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 40.5 32.1 24.4 2.3 0.8 0.0 Primary school 13.6 50.0 30.3 3.0 3.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 19.0 50.0 26.2 2.4 2.4 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 28.9 40.6 28.1 2.3 0.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 29.5 40.3 23.3 3.9 3.1 0.0 WHOLE GROUP: Respondents most frequently eat eggs as an independent dish 1-3 times per month. GENDER: Men, as well as women, most frequently eat eggs as an independent dish 1-3 times per month. AGE: All the respondents, except for the age group from 41 to 50 years, most frequently eat eggs as an independent dish 1-3 times per month. Respondents that are 41 to 50 years old most often do not eat eggs as an independent dish. EDUCATION: Respondents that have not finished primary school usually do not eat eggs as an independent dish, whereas other respondents eat them 1-3 times per month. SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences with regard to the type of settlement that respondents live in. Respondents residing in both types of settlements most frequently eat eggs as an independent dish 1-3 times per month. 78 34l. How often do you eat grains (cereal, muesli, porridges)? % er er er p p p ay once ay ver es th es es n on eek eek ha Ne im m im w im w per d 3 t 3 t 6 t e re t per d 1- 1- 4- tim Mo 1 TOGETHER 62.2 22.8 14.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 GENDER Male 63.6 25.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Female 61.3 21.3 16.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 58.8 31.4 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 31-40 years 47.1 27.1 24.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 41-50 years 71.6 14.9 11.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 51 years and more 71.2 19.7 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 62.8 22.5 14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Primary school 66.2 26.2 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 42.9 28.6 23.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 54.0 24.6 19.8 1.6 0.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 70.3 21.1 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 More than 62% of the respondents never eat grains. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 42.9 and 71.6%. 79 35a. How often do you eat fried food (pommes frites, fried meat, nuggets, etc.)? % er er er p p p day ver es th es es on eek eek Ne im m im w im w 3 t Every 1-3 t 1- 4-6 t TOGETHER 8.5 29.8 50.8 10.5 0.4 GENDER Male 3.0 32.7 57.4 6.9 0.0 Female 12.1 28.0 46.5 12.7 0.6 AGE 25-30 years 2.0 27.5 60.8 9.8 0.0 31-40 years 2.8 22.5 60.6 14.1 0.0 41-50 years 7.4 26.5 52.9 11.8 1.5 51 years and more 20.6 42.6 30.9 5.9 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 13.7 33.6 41.2 11.5 0.0 Primary school 1.5 24.2 65.2 7.6 1.5 Vocational school or more 4.8 21.4 66.7 7.1 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 8.5 27.9 53.5 9.3 0.8 Less favourable conditions 8.5 31.8 48.1 11.6 0.0 Respondents most frequently eat fried food 1-3 times per week. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 41.2 and 66.7%. Only exception is the oldest age group since the respondents belonging to this group eat such food less often (1-3 times per month). 80 35a. How often do you eat fried food (pommes frites, fried meat, nuggets, etc.)? 35b. How often do you eat sandwiches, hot dogs, pizza or burek1? % %m er er er p p p day ver es th es es er er er on eek eek p p p ay Ne im m im w im w th Every ver es es es eek eek 1-3 t 1-3 t 4-6 t on Ne im m im w im w 3 t 3 t 6 t Every d 1- 1- 4- TOGETHER 8.5 29.8 50.8 10.5 0.4 TOGETHER 26.1 30.7 23.3 11.7 8.2 GENDER Male 3.0 32.7 57.4 6.9 0.0 Female 12.1 28.0 46.5 12.7 0.6 GENDER Male 16.8 29.7 23.8 19.8 9.9 Female 32.1 31.4 23.1 6,4 7.1 AGE 25-30 years 2.0 27.5 60.8 9.8 0.0 31-40 years 2.8 22.5 60.6 14.1 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 16.0 18.0 32.0 16.0 18.0 41-50 years 7.4 26.5 52.9 11.8 1.5 31-40 years 15.5 32.4 31.0 9.9 11.3 51 years and more 20.6 42.6 30.9 5.9 0.0 41-50 years 26.5 29.4 23.5 14.7 5.9 51 years and more 44.1 39.7 8.8 7.4 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 13.7 33.6 41.2 11.5 0.0 Primary school 1.5 24.2 65.2 7.6 1.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 32.8 30.5 22.1 8.4 6.1 Vocational school or more 4.8 21.4 66.7 7.1 0.0 Primary school 18.5 36.9 23.1 12.3 9.2 Vocational school or more 14.3 14.3 31.0 23.8 16.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 8.5 27.9 53.5 9.3 0.8 Less favourable conditions 8.5 31.8 48.1 11.6 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 25.6 24.0 24.0 14.7 11.6 Less favourable conditions 26.6 37.5 22.7 8,.6 4,.7 Respondents most frequently eat fried food 1-3 times per week. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 41.2 and 66.7%. Only exception is the oldest age group since the respondents belonging to this group eat such food less WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of the respondents eats sandwiches, hot dogs, pizza and burek 1-3 often (1-3 times per month). times per month. GENDER: Men eat sandwiches, hot dogs, pizza and burek slightly more often (1-3 times per month) than women that most frequently eat this type of food 1-3 times per month or do not eat it all. AGE: The youngest respondents eat this type of food most frequently, whereas the oldest respondents seldom eat it. EDUCATION: Consumption of this type of food increases with the educational level. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions eat this type of food slightly more often than residents of settlements with less favourable conditions. 1 Oriental dish made of puff pastry and filling (usually cheese or mince). 80 81 35c. How often do you eat prepared food (tinned food, food concentrates, etc.)? % er er er p p p ay ver es th es es on eek eek Ne im m im w im w 3 t Every d 1-3 t 1- 4-6 t TOGETHER 59.3 28.7 9.3 2.3 0.4 GENDER Male 50.5 32.7 13.9 2.0 1.0 Female 65.0 26.1 6.4 2.5 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 47.1 41.2 5.9 5.9 0.0 31-40 years 54.9 26.8 14.1 2.8 1.4 41-50 years 66.2 25.0 7.4 1.5 0.0 51 years and more 66.2 25.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 67.2 20.6 9.9 1.5 0.0 Primary school 53.0 37.9 6.1 3.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 45.2 40.5 9.5 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 53.5 31.8 10.9 3.1 0.8 Less favourable conditions 65.1 25.6 7.8 1.6 0.0 Majority of the respondents never eats prepared food. There are no major differences with regard to gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 45.2 and 67.2%. 82 35c. How often do you eat prepared food (tinned food, food concentrates, etc.)? 35d. How often do you eat dried meat products (ham, throat meat, etc.)? % % er er er p p p ay er er er es th es es p p p ay ver on eek eek Ne im im w im w ver es th es es m on eek eek 3 t 3 t 6 t Every d Ne im m im w im w 1- 1- 4- Every d 1-3 t 1-3 t 4-6 t TOGETHER 22.2 33.1 33.9 9.3 1.6 TOGETHER 59.3 28.7 9.3 2.3 0.4 GENDER Male 17.8 34.7 34.7 10.9 2.0 GENDER Male 50.5 32.7 13.9 2.0 1.0 Female 25.0 32.1 33.3 8.3 1.3 Female 65.0 26.1 6.4 2.5 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 19.6 21.6 45.1 11.8 2.0 AGE 25-30 years 47.1 41.2 5.9 5.9 0.0 31-40 years 15.5 35.2 36.6 8.5 4.2 31-40 years 54.9 26.8 14.1 2.8 1.4 41-50 years 29.9 29.9 28.4 11.9 0.0 41-50 years 66.2 25.0 7.4 1.5 0.0 51 years and more 23.5 42.6 27.9 5.9 0.0 51 years and more 66.2 25.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 28.5 31.5 32.3 7.7 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 67.2 20.6 9.9 1.5 0.0 Primary school 21.2 37.9 28.8 9.1 3.0 Primary school 53.0 37.9 6.1 3.0 0.0 Vocational school or more 11.9 26.2 38.1 19.0 4.8 Vocational school or more 45.2 40.5 9.5 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 22.7 28.1 36.7 9.4 3.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 53.5 31.8 10.9 3.1 0.8 Less favourable conditions 21.7 38.0 31.0 9.3 0.0 Less favourable conditions 65.1 25.6 7.8 1.6 0.0 Dried meat is most frequently consumed 1-3 times per week. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. Only exception is the age group from 41 to 50 Majority of the respondents never eats prepared food. There are no major differences with regard to gender, years, since respondents belonging to this group eat dried meat less often than other respondents. age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 45.2 and 67.2%. 82 83 35e. How often do you eat other meat products (sausages, salamis, pate, etc.)? % er er er p p p ay ver es th es es on eek eek Ne im m im w im w 3 t 3 t Every d 1- 1- 4-6 t TOGETHER 7.8 23.3 44.6 17.1 7.4 GENDER Male 5.0 20.8 46.5 17.8 9.9 Female 9.6 24.8 43.3 16,6 5.7 AGE 25-30 years 3.9 13.7 51.0 19.6 11.8 31-40 years 7.0 19.7 42.3 19.7 11.3 41-50 years 7.4 23.5 42.6 19.1 7.4 51 years and more 11.8 33.8 44.1 10.3 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 12.2 24.4 43.5 13.7 6.1 Primary school 4.5 22.7 45.5 18.2 9.1 Vocational school or more 2.4 16.7 40.5 28.6 11.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.8 17.8 44.2 19.4 10.9 Less favourable conditions 7.8 28.7 45.0 14.7 3.9 Respondents most frequently eat other meat products 1-3 times per week. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between 40.5 and 51.0%. 84 35e. How often do you eat other meat products (sausages, salamis, pate, etc.)? 35f. How often do you eat pastries, sweets, desserts? % % er er er er er er p p p ay p p p ay ver es th es es es th es es on eek eek ver on eek eek Ne im m im w im w Ne im m im w im w Every d 3 t 3 t 6 t Every d 1-3 t 1-3 t 4-6 t 1- 1- 4- TOGETHER 7.8 23.3 44.6 17.1 7.4 TOGETHER 16.8 36.7 27.3 11.7 7.4 GENDER Male 5.0 20.8 46.5 17.8 9.9 GENDER Male 14.0 46.0 22.0 11.0 7.0 Female 9.6 24.8 43.3 16,6 5.7 Female 18.6 30,8 30.8 12.2 7.7 AGE 25-30 years 3.9 13.7 51.0 19.6 11.8 AGE 25-30 years 9.8 45.1 17.6 11.8 15.7 31-40 years 7.0 19.7 42.3 19.7 11.3 31-40 years 11.4 30.0 34.3 17.1 7.1 41-50 years 7.4 23.5 42.6 19.1 7.4 41-50 years 23.9 35.8 23.9 11.9 4.5 51 years and more 11.8 33.8 44.1 10.3 0.0 51 years and more 20.6 38.2 30.9 5.9 4.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 12.2 24.4 43.5 13.7 6.1 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 24.0 38.0 24.0 8.5 5.4 Primary school 4.5 22.7 45.5 18.2 9.1 Primary school 7.6 40.9 34.8 9.1 7.6 Vocational school or more 2.4 16.7 40.5 28.6 11.9 Vocational school or more 9.5 26.2 23.8 26.2 14.3 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.8 17.8 44.2 19.4 10.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 15.7 29,9 30.7 11.8 11.8 Less favourable conditions 7.8 28.7 45.0 14.7 3.9 Less favourable conditions 17.8 43.4 24.0 11.6 3.1 Respondents most frequently eat other meat products 1-3 times per week. There are no major differences The highest percentage of the respondents eats pastries, sweets, desserts 1-3 times per month or 1-3 times with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement. The percentage ranges between per week. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age group, educational level and type 40.5 and 51.0%. of the settlement that respondents live in. 84 85 35g. How often do you eat candies, chocolate? % er er er p p p ay ver es th es es on eek eek Ne im m im w im w 3 t Every d 1-3 t 1- 4-6 t TOGETHER 27.1 31.4 17.8 11.6 12.0 GENDER Male 23.8 35.6 18.8 15.8 5.9 Female 29.3 28.7 17.2 8.9 15.9 AGE 25-30 years 13.7 35.3 13.7 9.8 27.5 31-40 years 14.1 29.6 23.9 16.9 15.5 41-50 years 36.8 30.9 17.6 10.3 4.4 51 years and more 41.2 30.9 14.7 8.8 4.4 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 36.6 30.5 16.8 7.6 8.4 Primary school 16.7 39.4 16.7 16.7 10.6 Vocational school or more 11.9 21.4 23.8 14.3 28.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 31.0 25.6 18.6 11.6 13.2 Less favourable conditions 23.3 37.2 17.1 11.6 10.9 WHOLE GROUP: The highest percentage of the respondents eats candies and chocolate 1-3 times per month. GENDER: Men also eat candies and chocolate 1-3 times per month, whereas women eat them slightly less often. AGE: Average consumption of candies and chocolate decreases with age, so that the oldest respondents eat them least often. EDUCATION: Average consumption of candies and chocolate increases with the educational level. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions eat candies less often than residents of settlements with less favourable conditions. 86 35h. How often do you drink aromatised, aerated or non-aerated soft beverages (colas, iced tea, fruit drinks)? % er er er p p p ay ver es th es es on eek eek Ne im m im w im w 3 t 3 t 6 t Every d 1- 1- 4- TOGETHER 21.5 12.5 13.3 10.2 42.6 GENDER Male 12.9 16.8 20.8 10.9 38.6 Female 27.1 9.7 8.4 9.7 45.2 AGE 25-30 years 3.9 21.6 7.8 13.7 52.9 31-40 years 22.5 7.0 14.1 8.5 47.9 41-50 years 15.2 12.1 18.2 9.1 45.5 51 years and more 39.7 11.8 11.8 10.3 26.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 27.9 12.4 10.9 10.9 38.0 Primary school 15.2 18.2 22.7 9.1 34.8 Vocational school or more 14.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 64.3 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 23.6 10.2 11.0 8.7 46.5 Less favourable conditions 19.4 14.7 15.5 11.6 38.8 The majority of the respondents drinks aromatised, aerated or non-aerated soft beverages every day. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 38.0 and 64.3%. 87 36. Do you add salt to your meals at the table? % o d he t t d ad alt, t ood ded dd s dd sal ed f a asting if nee ys t food er a cook e food an salt, I nev I alwa I tast without TOGETHER 68.6 24.8 6.6 GENDER Male 59.4 28.7 11.9 Female 74.5 22.3 3.2 AGE 25-30 years 66.7 21.6 11.8 31-40 years 67.6 26.8 5.6 41-50 years 61.8 30.9 7.4 51 years and more 77.9 19.1 2.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 69.5 24.4 6.1 Primary school 66.7 27.3 6.1 Vocational school or more 66.7 21.4 11.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 63.6 30.2 6.2 Less favourable conditions 73.6 19.4 7.0 The majority of respondents does not add salt to meals at the table. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 59.4 and 77.9%. 88 36. Do you add salt to your meals at the table? 37. Have you changed your dietary habits in the last year (in the last 12 months)? % % o d he t t d ad alt, t ood ded dd s No Yes dd sal ed f a asting if nee ys t food er a cook e food an salt, I nev I alwa TOGETHER 72.7 27.3 I tast without TOGETHER 68.6 24.8 6.6 GENDER Male 81.4 18.6 Female 67.1 32.9 GENDER Male 59.4 28.7 11.9 Female 74.5 22.3 3.2 AGE 25-30 years 89.1 10.9 31-40 years 78.6 21.4 AGE 25-30 years 66.7 21.6 11.8 41-50 years 61.8 38.2 31-40 years 67.6 26.8 5.6 51 years and more 66.2 33.8 41-50 years 61.8 30.9 7.4 51 years and more 77.9 19.1 2.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 71.1 28.9 Primary school 73.4 26.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 69.5 24.4 6.1 Vocational school or more 74.4 25.6 Primary school 66.7 27.3 6.1 Vocational school or more 66.7 21.4 11.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 68.8 31.2 Less favourable conditions 76.6 23,.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 63.6 30.2 6.2 Less favourable conditions 73.6 19.4 7.0 The majority of the respondents have not changed their dietary habits. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 61.8 and 89.1%. The majority of respondents does not add salt to meals at the table. There are no major differences with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 59.4 and 77.9%. 88 89 38a. Do you grow your own fruit? % Yes No TOGETHER 14.6 85.4 GENDER Male 12.1 87.9 Female 16.2 83.8 AGE 25-30 years 18.0 82.0 31-40 years 11.3 88.7 41-50 years 9.0 91.0 51 years and more 21.5 78.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 14.1 85.9 Primary school 13.8 86.2 Vocational school or more 21.4 78.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 13.4 86.6 Less favourable conditions 15.9 84.1 The majority of the respondents do not grow their own fruit. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 78.5 and 91.0%. 90 38a. Do you grow your own fruit? 38b. Do you grow your own vegetables? % % Yes No Yes No TOGETHER 29.2 70.8 TOGETHER 14.6 85.4 GENDER Male 27.6 72.4 Female 30.3 69.7 GENDER Male 12.1 87.9 Female 16.2 83.8 AGE 25-30 years 27.1 72.9 31-40 years 24.3 75.7 AGE 25-30 years 18.0 82.0 41-50 years 27.9 72.1 31-40 years 11.3 88.7 51 years and more 37.3 62.7 41-50 years 9.0 91.0 51 years and more 21.5 78.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 26.6 73.4 Primary school 33.8 66.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 14.1 85.9 Vocational school or more 36.6 63.4 Primary school 13.8 86.2 Vocational school or more 21.4 78.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 22.5 77.5 Less favourable conditions 36.3 63.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 13.4 86.6 Less favourable conditions 15.9 84.1 The majority of the respondents do not grow their own vegetables. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to the gender, age group, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 62.7 and 77.5%. The majority of the respondents do not grow their own fruit. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 78.5 and 91.0%. 90 91 ALCOHOL 39. During the last year (12 months) have you consumed any alcoholic drinks (beer, wine or spirits)? % No Yes TOGETHER 47.1 52.9 GENDER Male 28.7 71.3 Female 59.1 40.9 AGE 25-30 years 26.0 74.0 31-40 years 37.1 62.9 41-50 years 57.4 42.6 51 years and more 62.7 37.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 53.8 46.2 Primary school 33.8 66.2 Vocational school or more 34.1 65.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 45.2 54.8 Less favourable conditions 48.8 51.2 WHOLE GROUP: More than half of the respondents have drunk alcohol during the last year. GENDER: More man than women have drunk alcohol during the last year. AGE: The percentage of the respondents that have drunk alcohol during the last year decreases with age. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that have drunk alcohol during the last year is lowest among the least educated respondents and higher, though similar, among the respondents in the other educational groups. SETTLEMENT: There is a slightly higher percentage of the respondents that have drunk alcohol during the last year among the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. 92 ALCOHOL 40. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you drunk alcoholic beverages? 39. During the last year (12 months) have you consumed any alcoholic drinks (beer, wine or spirits)? % er er p er p er es r th nce p im es ev on eek N t yea tim m st o w % ew 1-3 A f At lea TOGETHER 47.2 29.9 14.2 8.7 No Yes GENDER Male 28.7 25.7 27.7 17.8 Female 59.5 32.7 5.2 2.6 TOGETHER 47.1 52.9 AGE 25-30 years 26.5 44.9 24.5 4.1 GENDER Male 28.7 71.3 31-40 years 35.7 37.1 12.9 14.3 Female 59.1 40.9 41-50 years 57.4 19.1 16.2 7.4 51 years and more 64.2 22.4 6.0 7.5 AGE 25-30 years 26.0 74.0 31-40 years 37.1 62.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 54.6 26.9 11.5 6.9 41-50 years 57.4 42.6 Primary school 33.8 32.3 23.1 10.8 51 years and more 62.7 37.3 Vocational school or more 32.5 40.0 15.0 12.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 53.8 46.2 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 46.0 27.8 15.9 10.3 Primary school 33.8 66.2 Less favourable conditions 48.4 32.0 12.5 7.0 Vocational school or more 34.1 65.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 45.2 54.8 Less favourable conditions 48.8 51.2 WHOLE GROUP: Around 9% of the respondents drink alcohol frequently (at least once per week). GENDER: The percentage of the respondents that frequently drink alcohol is higher among men than among women. AGE: The percentage of the respondents that frequently drink alcohol is highest in the age group from 31 to 40 years. WHOLE GROUP: More than half of the respondents have drunk alcohol during the last year. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that frequently drink alcohol increases with education. GENDER: More man than women have drunk alcohol during the last year. SETTLEMENT: There are slightly more respondents that frequently drink alcohol among the residents of AGE: The percentage of the respondents that have drunk alcohol during the last year decreases with age. settlements with favourable living conditions. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that have drunk alcohol during the last year is lowest among the least educated respondents and higher, though similar, among the respondents in the other educational groups. SETTLEMENT: There is a slightly higher percentage of the respondents that have drunk alcohol during the last year among the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. 92 93 41. How often in the last year (in the last12 months) have you drunk wine? (only respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year) % er er er pes r p ver th nce p im es on eek Ne t yea im m st o w ew 3 t1- A f At lea TOGETHER 30.8 46.2 15.4 7.7 GENDER Male 18.8 42.0 27.5 11.6 Female 44.3 50.8 1.6 3.3 AGE 25-30 years 39.4 45.5 12.1 3.0 31-40 years 38.6 38.6 18.2 4.5 41-50 years 24.1 48.3 20.7 6.9 51 years and more 12.5 58.3 8.3 20.8 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 29.8 43.9 15.8 10.5 Primary school 34.1 48.8 14.6 2.4 Vocational school or more 29.6 44.4 18.5 7.4 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 31.8 45.5 16.7 6.1 Less favourable conditions 29.7 46.9 14.1 9.4 Respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year have most frequently drunk wine a few times per year. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 38.6 and 58.3%. 94 41. How often in the last year (in the last12 months) have you drunk wine? (only respondents that have 42. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you drunk beer? (only respondents that drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year) have drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year) % % er er er er er er p p es r p es r p ver th nce p th nce p im es es on eek ver im on eek Ne t yea im m st o w Ne t yea im m st o w ew ew 3 t 1-3 t 1- A f At lea A f At lea TOGETHER 30.8 46.2 15.4 7.7 TOGETHER 21.8 36.8 25.6 15.8 GENDER Male 18.8 42.0 27.5 11.6 GENDER Male 9.7 31.9 33.3 25.0 Female 44.3 50.8 1.6 3.3 Female 36.1 42.6 16.4 4.9 AGE 25-30 years 39.4 45.5 12.1 3.0 AGE 25-30 years 29.7 29.7 27.0 13.5 31-40 years 38.6 38.6 18.2 4.5 31-40 years 18.6 48.8 11.6 20.9 41-50 years 24.1 48.3 20.7 6.9 41-50 years 6.9 37.9 44.8 10.3 51 years and more 12.5 58.3 8.3 20.8 51 years and more 33.3 25.0 25.0 16.7 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 29.8 43.9 15.8 10.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 27.6 29.3 29.3 13.8 Primary school 34.1 48.8 14.6 2.4 Primary school 16.3 37.2 27.9 18.6 Vocational school or more 29.6 44.4 18.5 7.4 Vocational school or more 22.2 48.1 14.8 14.8 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 31.8 45.5 16.7 6.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 17.9 40.3 26.9 14.9 Less favourable conditions 29.7 46.9 14.1 9.4 Less favourable conditions 25.8 33.3 24.2 16.7 Respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year have most frequently drunk wine a few Respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages during the last year have most frequently drunk beer a few times per year. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to the gender, age, times per year or 1-3 times per month. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. The percentage ranges between 38.6 to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. Among those and 58.3%. respondents that have drunk beer less frequently are women, respondents belonging to the oldest age group and respondents living in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. 94 95 43. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you drunk spirits? (only respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year) % er er er pes r p ver th nce p im es on eek Ne t yea im m st o w ew 3 t1- A f At lea TOGETHER 58.0 36.6 3.1 2.3 GENDER Male 51.4 42.9 4.3 1.4 Female 65.6 29.5 1.6 3.3 AGE 25-30 years 44.1 44.1 8.8 2.9 31-40 years 58.1 37.2 2.3 2.3 41-50 years 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 51 years and more 66.7 29.2 0.0 4.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 64.9 31.6 1.8 1.8 Primary school 56.1 39.0 2.4 2.4 Vocational school or more 46.4 42.9 7.1 3.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 56.1 39.4 1.5 3.0 Less favourable conditions 60.0 33.8 4.6 1.5 Respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages during the last year have most frequently drunk spirits a few times per year or never at all. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. 96 43. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have you drunk spirits? (only respondents that 44a. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have your drunk 6 or more alcoholic drinks on have drunk alcoholic beverages in the last year) one occasion? (only men) % % er er er er er er p p es r p es r p ver th nce p th nce p im es es on eek ver im on eek Ne t yea im m st o w Ne t yea im m st o w ew ew 3 t 1-3 t 1- A f At lea A f At lea TOGETHER 58.0 36.6 3.1 2.3 TOGETHER GENDER Male 51.4 42.9 4.3 1.4 GENDER Male 63.9 19.6 9.3 7.2 Female 65.6 29.5 1.6 3.3 Female AGE 25-30 years 44.1 44.1 8.8 2.9 AGE 25-30 years 70.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 31-40 years 58.1 37.2 2.3 2.3 31-40 years 44.4 29.6 11.1 14,8 41-50 years 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 41-50 years 66.7 20.0 6.7 6.7 51 years and more 66.7 29.2 0.0 4.2 51 years and more 75.0 20.8 4.2 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 64.9 31.6 1.8 1.8 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 70.0 18.0 6.0 6.0 Primary school 56.1 39.0 2.4 2.4 Primary school 56.7 26.7 10.0 6.7 Vocational school or more 46.4 42.9 7.1 3.6 Vocational school or more 61.1 11.1 16.7 11.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 56.1 39.4 1.5 3.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 60.7 25.0 10.7 3.6 Less favourable conditions 60.0 33.8 4.6 1.5 Less favourable conditions 66.7 15.6 6.7 11.1 Respondents that have drunk alcoholic beverages during the last year have most frequently drunk spirits a WHOLE GROUP OF MEN: A little less than two thirds of men have not drunk 6 or more alcoholic drinks on one few times per year or never at all. There are no major differences in respondents’ answers with regard to occasion in the last year. the gender, age, educational level and type of the settlement that respondents live in. AGE: The percentage of men that have drunk 6 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year is lowest in the age group from 31 to 40 years and highest in the oldest age group. EDUCATION: The percentage of men that have drunk 6 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year decreases with the level of education. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of men that have drunk 6 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year is slightly higher among the residents of settlements with favourable living conditions. 96 97 44b. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have your drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion? (only women) % er er er pes r p ver th nce p im es on eek Ne t yea im m st o w ew 3 t1- A f At lea TOGETHER GENDER Male Female 80.9 16.4 2.6 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 70.0 23.3 6.7 0.0 31-40 years 68.2 29.5 2.3 0.0 41-50 years 86.1 13.9 0,0 0.0 51 years and more 95.5 2.3 2.3 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 87.5 11.3 1.3 0.0 Primary school 65.7 31.4 2.9 0.0 Vocational school or more 73.9 21.7 4.3 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 92.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 70.2 25.0 4.8 0.0 WHOLE GROUP OF WOMEN: More than 80% of women have not drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year. AGE: The percentage of women that have drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year is lowest in the age group from 31 to 40 years and highest in the oldest age group. EDUCATION: The percentage of women that have drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year is highest among respondents that have finished primary school. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of women that have drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year is much higher among the women that live in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. 98 44b. How often in the last year (in the last 12 months) have your drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on BODY MASS one occasion? (only women) 45. What is your Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2)? % er er er % p es r p ver th nce p im es on eek Ne t yea im m st o w 5 ew 30 1-3 t 18, 5-25 1-27 1-30 ve A f At lea 18, 25, 27, Abo TOGETHER Below TOGETHER 2.3 32.3 14.0 20.2 31.1 GENDER Male Female 80.9 16.4 2.6 0.0 GENDER Male 1.0 30.0 14.0 21.0 34.0 Female 3.2 33.8 14.0 19.7 29.3 AGE 25-30 years 70.0 23.3 6.7 0.0 31-40 years 68.2 29.5 2.3 0.0 AGE 25-30 years 5.9 47.1 17.6 11.8 17.6 41-50 years 86.1 13.9 0,0 0.0 31-40 years 0.0 31.4 17.1 25.7 25.7 51 years and more 95.5 2.3 2.3 0.0 41-50 years 0.0 25.0 10.3 22.1 42.6 51 years and more 4.4 29.4 11.8 19.1 35.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 87.5 11.3 1.3 0.0 Primary school 65.7 31.4 2.9 0.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 2.3 31.3 11.5 24.4 30.5 Vocational school or more 73.9 21.7 4.3 0.0 Primary school 1.5 36.9 15.4 15.4 30.8 Vocational school or more 4.8 33.3 16.7 14.3 31.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 92.9 7.1 0.0 0.0 Less favourable conditions 70.2 25.0 4.8 0.0 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 3.1 26.6 15.6 21.9 32.8 Less favourable conditions 1.6 38.0 12.4 18.6 29.5 WHOLE GROUP OF WOMEN: More than 80% of women have not drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one WHOLE GROUP: 31% of all the respondents have BMI over 30, while BMI of 2.3% of all the respondents is occasion in the last year. 18.5. AGE: The percentage of women that have drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the last year GENDER: The percentage of the respondents whose BMI is over 30 is slightly higher among men than among is lowest in the age group from 31 to 40 years and highest in the oldest age group. women, while there are more women who have BMI below 18.5. EDUCATION: The percentage of women that have drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents with BMI over 30 belongs to the age group between 41 and last year is highest among respondents that have finished primary school. 50 years, while the lowest percentage of such respondents can be found in the youngest age group. In the SETTLEMENT: The percentage of women that have drunk 4 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the youngest group (followed by the oldest group), however, there is the highest percentage of respondents last year is much higher among the women that live in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. that have BMI below 18.5. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents with BMI over 30 slightly increases with the educational level. At the same time, there is the highest percentage of the respondents with BMI below 18.5 among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of the respondents with BMI over 30, and at the same time below 18.5, is higher among the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions. 98 99 46. How do you feel about your weight? % o o ht atter t ight t m eig ight like like ppy with e we e w not m ha y we om oes m so d I would se s I would It I am lo gain TOGETHER 5.2 40.2 49.8 4.8 GENDER Male 6.2 45.4 44.3 4.1 Female 4.5 37.0 53.2 5.2 AGE 25-30 years 2.0 44.9 40.8 12.2 31-40 years 6.0 35.8 55.2 3.0 41-50 years 4.4 36.8 57.4 1.5 51 years and more 7.5 44.8 43.3 4.5 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 6.3 39.8 50.0 3.9 Primary school 3.2 50.0 45.2 1.6 Vocational school or more 4.8 23.8 59.5 11.9 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 4.8 38.4 52.8 4.0 Less favourable conditions 5.6 42.1 46.8 5.6 WHOLE GROUP: Approximately half of the respondents would like to lose some weight. GENDER: The percentage of women that would like to lose some weight is higher than 50%. AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents that would like to lose some weight belongs to the age group from 41 to 50 years. The majority of the youngest respondents are happy with their weight, however a high percentage of them would also like to gain some weight. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that wish to lose some weight is highest among the most educated respondents. However, there is also the highest percentage of respondents that wish to gain some weight among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences among the residents of both types of settlements with regard to the attitude toward their weight. 100 46. How do you feel about your weight? PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 47. Are you physically active? % o o ht atter t ight t m eig % ight like like ppy with e we e w not m ha y we om art oes m so l p d I would se s I would l lly It I am lo gain ically of a ctive, do not ctive, e ility ica ica ica s a sion hys us h I hys TOGETHER 5.2 40.2 49.8 4.8 lly a hys ions ions lly a ity i fes e p /disab ica at phys oug at ica ro beca it ny p it ase hys pite p lth not hys y p GENDER Male lim a lim l activ 6.2 45.4 44.3 4.1 nnot b p ve a p dise des ha ica of m Female I am 4.5 37.0 53.2 5.2 active I am active, I am phys I ca AGE 25-30 years 2.0 44.9 40.8 12.2 TOGETHER 16.3 16.7 17.9 49.2 31-40 years 6.0 35.8 55.2 3.0 41-50 years GENDER Male 4.4 36.8 57.4 1.5 13.3 18.4 11.2 57.1 51 years and more Female 7.5 44.8 43.3 4.5 18.2 15.5 22.3 43.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school AGE 25-30 years 6.3 39.8 50.0 3.9 2.1 8.5 12.8 76.6 Primary school 31-40 years 3.2 50.0 45.2 1.6 5.9 13.2 23.5 57.4 Vocational school or more 41-50 years 4.8 23.8 59.5 11.9 20.9 17.9 19.4 41.8 51 years and more 32.8 25.0 14.1 28.1 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 4.8 38.4 52.8 4.0 Less favourable conditions EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 5.6 42.1 46.8 5.6 20.6 21.4 15.9 42.1 Primary school 11.1 14.3 19.0 55.6 Vocational school or more 5.0 7.5 20.0 67.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions WHOLE GROUP: Approximately half of the respondents would like to lose some weight. 13.8 22.8 17.1 46.3 Less favourable conditions GENDER: The percentage of women that would like to lose some weight is higher than 50%. 18.7 10.6 18.7 52.0 AGE: The highest percentage of the respondents that would like to lose some weight belongs to the age group from 41 to 50 years. The majority of the youngest respondents are happy with their weight, however a high percentage of them would also like to gain some weight. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that wish to lose some weight is highest among the most WHOLE GROUP: 65.9% of the respondents are physically active, regardless of physical limitations. educated respondents. However, there is also the highest percentage of respondents that wish to gain some weight among the most educated respondents. GENDER: The percentage of the respondents that are physically active is significantly higher among men (75.5.%) than among women (59.5%). SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences among the residents of both types of settlements with regard to the attitude toward their weight. AGE: The percentage of the respondents that are physically active, regardless of physical limitations, decreases with age. The highest percentage of physically active respondents represent the youngest respondents (85.1%) while the majority of those that are not physically active belong to the oldest age group (43.1%). EDUCATION: The percentage of physically active respondents increases with education. 63.5% of the least educated respondents and 75.0% of the most educated respondents are physically active. SETTLEMENT: The percentage of physically active respondents, regardless of physical limitations, is slightly higher among the respondents residing in the settlements with favourable living conditions (69.1%) than among other respondents (62.6%). 100 101 48. My daily amount of physical activity (recreational activity, home chores, physical activity at work) is: % n 6 h 0 h 1 h 2 h ha 3-4 h 5-6 h re t Mo TOGETHER 11.4 15.7 13.7 20.4 19.6 19.2 GENDER Male 9.0 15.0 13.0 22.0 21.0 20.0 Female 12.9 16.1 14.2 19.4 18.7 18.7 AGE 25-30 years 0.0 16.0 14.0 26.0 28.0 16.0 31-40 years 11.3 15.5 14.1 16.9 18.3 23.9 41-50 years 20.6 10.3 13.2 14.7 19.1 22.1 51 years and more 10.6 21.2 13.6 25.8 15.2 13.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 13.8 13.8 13.1 23.1 20.8 15.4 Primary school 7.8 12.5 15.6 20.3 21.9 21.9 Vocational school or more 7.1 19.0 16.7 14.3 14.3 28.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.8 13.3 14.1 23.4 19.5 21.9 Less favourable conditions 15.0 18.1 13.4 17.3 19.7 16.5 WHOLE GROUP: 10% of the respondents are not physically active. GENDER: The percentage of those that are not physically active is slightly lower among men than among women. AGE: The highest percentage of respondents that are not physically active can be found in the age group from 41 to 50 years. EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that are not physically active represent the least educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: The share of respondents that are not physically active is significantly higher among the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. 102 48. My daily amount of physical activity (recreational activity, home chores, physical activity at work) 49. How many times per week are you physically active for at least half an hour (so that you perspire) ? is: % % s s ore s ver ay m n 6 h day Ne nd 0 h 1 h 2 h ha 1-2 d 3-4 day 3-4 h 5-6 h 5 a re t Mo TOGETHER 42.9 19.4 16.7 21.0 TOGETHER 11.4 15.7 13.7 20.4 19.6 19.2 GENDER Male 34.0 22.0 20.0 24.0 GENDER Male 9.0 15.0 13.0 22.0 21.0 20.0 Female 48.7 17.8 14.5 19.1 Female 12.9 16.1 14.2 19.4 18.7 18.7 AGE 25-30 years 27.5 17.6 21.6 33.3 AGE 25-30 years 0.0 16.0 14.0 26.0 28.0 16.0 31-40 years 34.8 29.0 21.7 14.5 31-40 years 11.3 15.5 14.1 16.9 18.3 23.9 41-50 years 53.7 11.9 13.4 20.9 41-50 years 20.6 10.3 13.2 14.7 19.1 22.1 51 years and more 52.3 18.5 10.8 18.5 51 years and more 10.6 21.2 13.6 25.8 15.2 13.6 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 50.8 17.2 14.1 18.0 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 13.8 13.8 13.1 23.1 20.8 15.4 Primary school 36.9 16.9 21.5 24.6 Primary school 7.8 12.5 15.6 20.3 21.9 21.9 Vocational school or more 26.8 29.3 22.0 22.0 Vocational school or more 7.1 19.0 16.7 14.3 14.3 28.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 38.7 24.2 16.9 20.2 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 7.8 13.3 14.1 23.4 19.5 21.9 Less favourable conditions 46.9 14.8 16.4 21.9 Less favourable conditions 15.0 18.1 13.4 17.3 19.7 16.5 WHOLE GROUP: 37.7% of the respondents are physically active for at least half an hour (so that they perspire) WHOLE GROUP: 10% of the respondents are not physically active. recommended 3-4 days per week. GENDER: The percentage of those that are not physically active is slightly lower among men than among GENDER: There are more men (44.0%) than women (33.6%) that are sufficiently physically active. women. AGE: The percentage of the respondents that are physically active for at least half an hour, so that they AGE: The highest percentage of respondents that are not physically active can be found in the age group from perspire, decreases with age. The highest percentage of such respondents is in the youngest age group 41 to 50 years. (54.9%), while the lowest percentage of such respondents can be found in the oldest age group (29.2%). EDUCATION: The highest percentage of respondents that are not physically active represent the least EDUCATION: The percentage of respondents that are physically active for at least half an hour, so that they educated respondents. perspire, is significantly lower among the least educated respondents (32.0%) than among respondents from other educational groups (around 44-46%). SETTLEMENT: The share of respondents that are not physically active is significantly higher among the respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions. SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences among the residents of settlements with favourable or less favourable living conditions. In the settlements with favourable living conditions there are 37.1% of respondents that are physically active for at least half an hour, so that they perspire, while there are 38.3% of such respondents among the residents of other settlements. 102 103 TRAFFIC SAFETY 50. Do you use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark? % t it is es ays n unli w en ver im k o k et al Ne m st wal s wh dar So er Almo street I nev TOGETHER 38.5 7.0 10.9 43.6 GENDER Male 45.5 8.9 16.8 28.7 Female 34.0 5.8 7.1 53.2 AGE 25-30 years 51.0 3.9 17.6 27.5 31-40 years 39.4 7.0 15.5 38.0 41-50 years 44.1 10.3 2.9 42.6 51 years and more 22.4 6.0 9.0 62.7 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 40.0 6.9 5.4 47.7 Primary school 40.9 4.5 13.6 40.9 Vocational school or more 40.5 9.5 21.4 28.6 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 43.0 6.3 10.2 40.6 Less favourable conditions 34.1 7.8 11.6 46.5 WHOLE GROUP: 17.9% of the respondents at least sometimes use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark. GENDER: The percentage of respondents that use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark is higher among men (25.7%) than among women (12.8%). However, as much as 53.2% of women never walk on unlit streets when it is dark. AGE: Younger two age groups use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark more frequently (around 21-22%) than other two age groups (around 13-15%). EDUCATION: More educated respondents use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark more frequently (31%) than less educated respondents (around 12-18%). SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences with regard to the type of settlement. 104 TRAFFIC SAFETY 51. Do you use a seat-belt when driving or as a passenger in the front seat? 50. Do you use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark? % s ays w ver ime al % et Ne m st So Almo t it is TOGETHER 3.9 6.3 89.8 es ays n unli w en ver im k o k et al GENDER Male 4.0 8.0 88.0 Ne m st wal s wh dar So er Female 3.9 5.2 90.9 Almo street I nev AGE 25-30 years 0.0 9.8 90.2 TOGETHER 38.5 7.0 10.9 43.6 31-40 years 0.0 5.6 94.4 41-50 years 7.5 6.0 86.6 GENDER Male 45.5 8.9 16.8 28.7 51 years and more 7.7 4.6 87.7 Female 34.0 5.8 7.1 53.2 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 5.4 7.0 87.6 AGE 25-30 years 51.0 3.9 17.6 27.5 Primary school 1.5 6.2 92.3 31-40 years 39.4 7.0 15.5 38.0 Vocational school or more 0.0 4.9 95.1 41-50 years 44.1 10.3 2.9 42.6 51 years and more 22.4 6.0 9.0 62.7 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 5.5 6.3 88.2 Less favourable conditions 2.4 6.3 91.3 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 40.0 6.9 5.4 47.7 Primary school 40.9 4.5 13.6 40.9 Vocational school or more 40.5 9.5 21.4 28.6 WHOLE GROUP: 90% of the respondents almost always use a seat-belt when driving or as a passenger in the SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 43.0 6.3 10.2 40.6 front seat. Less favourable conditions 34.1 7.8 11.6 46.5 GENDER: The percentage of such respondents is similar among men and women. AGE: Younger two groups of respondents use a seat-belt when driving or as a passenger in the front seat more frequently than older two groups. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that almost always use a seat-belt when driving or as a passenger in the front seat increases with the level of education. WHOLE GROUP: 17.9% of the respondents at least sometimes use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark. SETTLEMENT: When it comes to the percentage of the respondents that use a seat-belt when driving or as a passenger in the front seat, there are no major differences with regard to the type of settlement that GENDER: The percentage of respondents that use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it respondents live in. is dark is higher among men (25.7%) than among women (12.8%). However, as much as 53.2% of women never walk on unlit streets when it is dark. AGE: Younger two age groups use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark more frequently (around 21-22%) than other two age groups (around 13-15%). EDUCATION: More educated respondents use a reflector when walking on streets without lights when it is dark more frequently (31%) than less educated respondents (around 12-18%). SETTLEMENT: There are no major differences with regard to the type of settlement. 104 105 52. Do you use a seat-belt in the back seat? % t he r t-belt n t ca es ays sea w he ver im vel i et al back Ne m st tra of t is no sea So he er Almo in t back There I nev TOGETHER 12.8 7.8 68.2 5.4 5.8 GENDER Male 10.9 7.9 61.4 8.9 10.9 Female 14.0 7.6 72.6 3.2 2.5 AGE 25-30 years 25.5 5.9 54.9 5.9 7.8 31-40 years 9.9 5.6 73.2 7.0 4.2 41-50 years 8.8 8.8 72.1 1.5 8.8 51 years and more 10.3 10.3 69.1 7.4 2.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 13.7 8.4 66.4 6.9 4.6 Primary school 10.6 7.6 69.7 4.5 7.6 Vocational school or more 19.0 7.1 61.9 2.4 9.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 16.3 6.2 63.6 7.0 7.0 Less favourable conditions 9.3 9.3 72.9 3.9 4.7 WHOLE GROUP: Around 68% of the respondents almost always use a seat-belt in the back seat. GENDER: There are less men than women that almost always use a seat-belt in the back seat. AGE: The youngest respondents use a seat-belt in the back seat least frequently. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that always use a seat-belt in the back seat is similar in all three educational groups, however, it is slightly lower among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions use a seat-belt in the back seat more frequently than other respondents. 106 52. Do you use a seat-belt in the back seat? % t he r t-belt n t ca es ays sea w he ver im vel i et al back Ne m st tra of t is no sea So he er Almo in t back There I nev TOGETHER 12.8 7.8 68.2 5.4 5.8 GENDER Male 10.9 7.9 61.4 8.9 10.9 Female 14.0 7.6 72.6 3.2 2.5 AGE 25-30 years 25.5 5.9 54.9 5.9 7.8 31-40 years 9.9 5.6 73.2 7.0 4.2 41-50 years 8.8 8.8 72.1 1.5 8.8 51 years and more 10.3 10.3 69.1 7.4 2.9 EDUCATION Unfinished primary school 13.7 8.4 66.4 6.9 4.6 Primary school 10.6 7.6 69.7 4.5 7.6 Vocational school or more 19.0 7.1 61.9 2.4 9.5 SETTLEMENT Favourable conditions 16.3 6.2 63.6 7.0 7.0 Less favourable conditions 9.3 9.3 72.9 3.9 4.7 WHOLE GROUP: Around 68% of the respondents almost always use a seat-belt in the back seat. GENDER: There are less men than women that almost always use a seat-belt in the back seat. AGE: The youngest respondents use a seat-belt in the back seat least frequently. EDUCATION: The percentage of the respondents that always use a seat-belt in the back seat is similar in all three educational groups, however, it is slightly lower among the most educated respondents. SETTLEMENT: Respondents residing in the settlements with less favourable living conditions use a seat-belt in the back seat more frequently than other respondents. 106 Data was collected within the framework of the project “Roma community – decreasing health inequalities” . The project was co-financed by the EU from its Small projects fund HU.2003/004-561-02 – SI.2003/004-381-02. Pomurje Cancer Society was the principal investigator in this project. Pomurje Cancer Society, Ulica arhitekta Novaka 2b, 9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia All rights reserved. 107