Brother Janez Hollenstein’s metal sculptures echo a redemptive message from the solitude of the Charterhouse of Pleterje Eloquent Silence Cultural Society ECHO OF SILENCE EC HO OF SIL EN CE EC HO OF SIL EN CE m e t a l s c u l p t u r e s ASCENDING RESURRECTION ILLUMINATION ECHO OF SILENCE EC HO OF SIL EN CE COR AD COR LOQUITUR IN MEMORIAM prior Janez Drolc CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 730(497.4):929Hollenstein J. 7:27-523.6(497.4) HOLLENSTEIN, Janez Echo of silence : ascending, resurrection, illumination : metal sculptures / Janez Hollenstein ; [texts Janez Hollenstein ... [et al.] ; [English translation Jason Blake, Nada Marija Grošelj (poems) ; field photographs Zvone Pelko, studio photographs Blaž Jamšek]. - [Ljubljana] : Eloquent Silence Cultural Society, 2018 Izv. stv. nasl.: Odmev tišine ISBN 978-961-288-272-3 293746176 m e t a l s c u l p t u r e s ECHO OF SILENCE ASCENDING RESURRECTION ILLUMINATION t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s ORA et LABORA 5–16page A PLAIT OF LINES AND THE LOOP OF REDEMPTION 17–18 page ASCENDING 19–52page RESURRECTION 53–66page ILLUMINATION 67–88page FORMS OF TRIUMPHANT LIFE BORN IN THE HEART OF FIRE 89–98 page THE DIVINE GARDENER 99–106page ECHO OF SILENCE Fo r n ot hi ng is to b e p re fe rr ed to th e W or k of G od . ( St 53 .1 ) A m on k, th er ef or e, pr ov id ed h e s tri ve s c on tin ua lly to cl in g t o Go d, ex em pl ifi es w ith in h im se lf wh at is si gn ifi ed b y t he en tir e L itu rg y. (S t 4 1. 4) 5 Because discipleship comes in many forms, different forms of Christian spirituality have been and continue to be created. One such form is the monastic spirituality to which also the Car- thusian tradition belongs. The essence of monastic spirituality lies in bal- ancing liturgy, lectio divina (spiritual reading of the Bible that leads to prayer), and work. The first, liturgy, sets the rhythm for monastic life. Monks develop these core values either in groups (in monastic communities) or in- dividually (as hermits or anchorites). Peculiar to the Carthusians is the link between both forms of life: we are a community of hermits, emphasising eremitism. Such is the institutional framework in which the Carthusian lives, such is the skeleton to which each one, in complete freedom, has to add “meat.” Our Statutes, which are true to St. Bruno and the first Carthusians, clearly lean on the monastic spirituality of the Christian East, albeit in the guise given to it by St. John Cassian and St. Benedict. This, however, does not preclude other spiritual methods, as long as they can be folded into the given frame- work. Each monk, thus, must walk his path alone and find a synthesis between his voca- tion and the structure that surrounds him. The great spiritual freedom which is the heritage of hermetic life is the key to Carthusian spirit- uality. Living in a Carthusian community, thus, means living among people who differ great- ly in terms of origin, upbringing and interests. That is why our order has never been equated with just a single notable member’s spirituality. ORA et LABORA1 Brother Janez Hollenstein 1 These passage are taken from texts that the author published in the book J. Hollenstein, T. Lauko, ZGOVORNA TIŠINA [Eloquent Silence], Pleterje Charterhouse 1986. ECHO OF SILENCE 6 7 A monastery, which strives to be the Church in miniature, must be a community of true worshipers of God and devoid of other inter- ests. Liturgy, which is the highest form of wor- ship because it represents the Easter mys- tery, shapes the community, the Church. Our Statutes say: “When we celebrate the divine worship in choir, or recite the Office in cell, it is the prayer of the Church which is being offered by our lips; for the prayer of Christ is one, and through the Sacred Liturgy, this one prayer is wholly present in each member. But among solitary monks, liturgical acts manifest in a special way the nature of the Church in which the human is directed and subjected to the divine, the visible to the invisible, action to contemplation.” The eremitic experience is relevant for anyone who believes: “Whoever reaches the depths of his self should be ready to confront his weak- ness and vulnerability, his impotence and lim- itedness. The desert experience is the essence of eremitism: God reveals that contact point on which he wishes to work creatively in an individual. Mercy enters the heart that is bro- ken and contrite (Ps 51, 19). This entry requires a preliminary renting of the self, a painful be- ginning. In a parable, one would say that with that renting, the criteria of ‘built-up places and ‘cultivated earth’ are broken, for now a man is no longer capable of bringing anything under his rule through planning and calcu- lation. Eremitic spirituality is therefore a kind of ‘ground zero spirituality’ through which the believer descends into that ultimate nullifica- tion that Christ experienced.”✴ ✴M. Niggemeyer, Wüste — Landschaft und Lebensform. Co ns id er w ell , b ef or e g iv in g y ou rs elf to th e w ay of so lit ud e, wh et he r y ou w ill b e a so un d co m pa ni on u nt o yo ur se lf. (M . v on E bn er E sc he nb ac h) 8 To th e p ra ise of th e g lo ry of G od , C hr ist , t he F at he r’s W or d, h as th ro ug h th e H ol y S pi rit , f ro m th e b eg in ni ng ch os en ce rta in m en , wh om h e w ill ed to le ad in to so lit ud e a nd u ni te to h im se lf in in tim at e l ov e. (S t 1 .1 ) Ou r l ife cl ea rly sh ow s t ha t s om et hi ng of th e j oy s o f h ea ve n is pr es en t a lre ad y h er e b elo w ; it pr efi gu re s o ur ri se n sta te an d an tic ip at es in a m an ne r t he fi na l r en ew al of th e w or ld . ( St 34 .3 ) 9 10 Li be rty of sp iri t i s a m ar k of th e s ol ita ry li fe . Th e L itu rg y c ele br at ed in th e s ec re t o f t he ce ll sh ou ld re fle ct th is, be in p ro fo un d ha rm on y w ith th e a sp ira tio ns of th e h ea rt, w hi le alw ay s r em ai ni ng an ac t o f o ur co m m un ity li fe . ( St 21 .7 ) 11 Tracing the history of especially our order’s mo- nasticism, we see a constant work-related ten- sion. Even today, despite our updated Statutes, our order still does not have a satisfactory answer to this concern, at least as it pertains to the work of the monk in the cell. Whence the tension? The monk’s dilemma has always been between alienation and spiritualization as a flight from a hard struggle for bread. Such are the tempta- tions to which individuals and even entire groups have succumbed in the past. The great fathers of monasticism – Pachomius, Basil, Cassian, Ben- edict and the 11th-century reformers – did not strive to humanize work, since in those pre-assem- bly-line times that was not a concern. Instead, they wanted to spiritualize work as a religious act and humanize it thus. The monk seeks neither self-realization through creativity nor spiritual bal- ance – though already Cassian recognized this possibility, even this need – but seeks some form of prayer. Work has become an integral part of the monk’s contemplative life. This viewpoint does not rob work of its practical importance – i.e., in- come and achieving a balanced life within the community; rather, it weaves work into the monk’s and the community’s contemplative life, shield- ing monk and monastic community alike from the profit motive. Though monks will not solve to- day’s work-related difficulties, they do try to live ac- cording to this principle: prayer, which is always personal and thus human, should regulate work. Our Statutes require that the monks not forsake their internal and external freedom on account of work. That being said, the same requirement is established by the old monastic statutes in con- nection with prayer; there, too, an excessive focus on results can arise. 12 Th e h ea rt, h ow ev er, is n ot n ar ro we d bu t e nl ar ge d by in tim ac y w ith G od , s o t ha t i t i s a bl e t o e m br ac e in h im th e h op es an d di ffi cu lti es of th e w or ld , a nd th e g re at ca us es o f t he C hu rc h. (S t 6 .6 ) In p ra ise of G od — fo r w hi ch th e h er m it Or de r o f C ar th us ia ns w as fo un de d in a sp ec ia l w ay — le t u s d ed ica te ou rs elv es to th e p ea ce an d sil en ce of ou r c ell s an d str iv e t o off er h im u nc ea sin g w or sh ip . ( St 34 .5 ) 13 Monastic rules warn that idleness is an “under- estimating” of one’s own powers that leads to weakness and laziness, such that the monk might even find himself unable to pray sincerely. Our re- lationship with God and society balances prayer and work. Close to idleness are dilettantism and distraction as a retreat into one’s own imagina- tive world, a flight into “pure spirituality,” or even the danger of working to suit one’s fellow man: such temptations and delusions, which we monks en- counter again and again, could even lead to spiritual exhaustion. In contrast, however, fatigue and rest after exhausting work are necessary for maintaining resilience; testing our own bounda- ries is an opportunity for encountering God. When work overwhelms a person, such as when he has too much to do in too short a time, or when the work is drab and forced, stress ensues. If the work is imbued with prayer, however, there is no such danger. When you work prayerfully, you trust in God and the self is less important. Trusting in God unburdens you and leads to an easing, though not to irresponsibility. The Motives become clearer: monastic work implies service, not self-assertion. Our Statues explicitly warn against covetousness (today we would say careerism). In the monas- tic tradition, especially manual labour is a form of humility with which we accept the boundaries of work and our capacity to work. Ultimately, our Statutes see communal work, commanding and obedience from a religious perspective. In the charterhouse, work must be a site of spiritual life. Our Statutes justify this standpoint, both prac- tically and theologically: “At appointed times, the brothers apply themselves to the work of providing for the needs of the House, in order that, in union with Jesus, a workman’s son, they may glorify God the Father and associate the entire man in the work of redemption. […] Ancient monastic tradition as- sures us that such work contributes greatly to the practice of those virtues from which flows perfect love.” Work is thus indelibly linked with serving God: “Wherefore, in praise of God — for which the her- mit Order of Carthusians was founded in a special way — let us dedicate ourselves to the peace and silence of our cells and strive to offer him unceasing worship, so that, sanctified in truth, we may be those true worshippers whom the Father seeks.” 14 Go d ha s l ed u s i nt o so lit ud e t o sp ea k to ou r h ea rt. L et ou r h ea rt th en b e a l iv in g a lta r f ro m w hi ch th er e c on sta nt ly as ce nd s b ef or e G od p ur e p ra ye r, wi th w hi ch al l o ur ac ts sh ou ld b e i m bu ed . ( St 4. 11 ) He re on e c an ac qu ire th at ey e w hi ch , w ith it s c lea r v isi on , w ou nd s t he Sp ou se w ith lo ve , wh os e p ur en es s c an se e G od . ( St . B ru no , L et te r t o Ra ou l, 6) 15 By h is lab or a m an o rd in ar ily su pp or ts hi m se lf an d hi s f am ily , is jo in ed to h is fe llo w m en an d se rv es th em , a nd ca n ex er cis e g en ui ne ch ar ity an d be a pa rtn er in th e w or k of b rin gi ng d iv in e c re at io n to p er fe ct io n. (G S 6 7. 2) 16 17 A PLAIT OF LINES AND THE LOOP OF REDEMPTION The title ECHO OF SILENCE is de- rived from what is the prelude to revelation: God comes only to the soul ruled by Silence. For a monk, this is a great process. Carthusian life is guided by the Word (Dt. 6:4). Liturgy and psalm-singing in the church are followed by rest in an isolated cell, silent prayer, reading, contemplation, and manual labour under the watchfulness of God. Fire, the anvil under Brother Janez Hollenstein’s hammer, along with his free mind and pure heart, reshape the discarded iron into curved lines that be- speak the swirling universe. Because the sculptures have gone unnamed, the viewer can create his own symbolism and bring them to life. ASCENDING evokes snakes winding upwards from the ground. The quan- tum leap into a new life is reflected in RESUR- RECTION and its Easter images of Crucifixion. Altar candlesticks and worshipping hands conclude the passion chain in ILLUMINATION, with its creation hymn and redemptive mes- sage with the angel on the stone. THE DIVINE GARDENER resounds and extends into the natural and urban environment. The metal sculptures rest on stones from both sides of Gorjanci, their patina determined by the time and space of our earthly existence. Though the body fades, the carved inscrip- tion in the stone and the iron remains as a powerful memory of all that could not be illu- minated in the echo of Silence. Zvone Pelko ECHO OF SILENCE 18 19 ASCENDING The spirit’s coil of flame, released in curves of serpentines to sky’s eternal light. The dancing earth-folk, sprouting blades, arising from the deep confines to heaven’s stride. ECHO OF SILENCE 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 RESURRECTION Man, risen, with his arms spread wide, stepped into the eternal gyre: into a wheel of fire, which quickens everlasting skies, spurred by the boundless and divine. ECHO OF SILENCE 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 ILLUMINATION The spread arms face the fire of touch. The spirit soars from cross to life, to glimmer on the candle cup. Darting higher, it lights eternal fire, illumining the heights. ECHO OF SILENCE 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 FORMS OF TRIUMPHANT LIFE BORN IN THE HEART OF FIRE In the silence of the Pleterje Carthu- sian monastery, Brother Janez Hol- lenstein pours his prayerful medi- tation, which is aimed at contact with God, into his fine art. He redi- rects his material – namely, scrap metal, usually discarded fences, barrel hoops and the like – towards spiritual ho- rizons and, through his forging, recuperates and dematerializes it. He forges his absorption heav- enwards by taming metal elements, like a true monastic smith of spiritual life. Hollenstein’s train- ing began already in primary school, where the emphasis was on crafts, and it continued at his arts-focused high school. Hollenstein transforms iron into transparent form, into symbolic expression, an embodied idea, the essence of which is captured in an upward-rising, often undulating gentle dance. Here the turmoil of the spirit is equated with the principle of growth or with the flickering flames and fire-hardened metal strips which – framed into circular forms of perfection – embrace the inner space or open outwards. Under this monk’s hammer, these round or flat, tendril-like bands willingly curl and form into organisms where everything is subordinate to a bursting or enthusiasm that is rounded off into allusive scenes or abstract signs. The wavy iron bands are like an author’s handwriting, expressing the impetus of his religious longing and creative thought. That is why Hollenstein’s metal sculptur- al drawings are constantly dynamic and willing; they are consistently elegant in their willingness, devoid of sharp edges, and harmonized, ascetic; yet at same time they possess the rhythmicality of a sprouting, of a spreading-out, in all directions, re- maining expressly playful and easeful. Milček Komelj ECHO OF SILENCE 90 The vital, propelling ascent is captured like an original principle, like the natural growth and movement of living beings. In this spirit, the artist once told Zvone Pelko, the President of the Eloquent Silence Cultural Society, that the cleanest forms in nature are those of a blade of grass and of a snake. Already in his early works Hollenstein called forth the blade, which rises like a whetted spear from the iron base. The vibrant, winding snake, mean- while, is simultaneously abstract and an al- lusion to a natural form; but also the snake, ascending like ritual dancers, rises from the earth and, in a rhythmically-coordinated di- alogue, even assumes a heart-like form. For Hollenstein this is of course not the evil biblical snake, but more an archetypal, mythical be- ing that hints at an almost sacred meaning, as in ancient oriental cultures or in the mod- ern art of the painter Janez Bernik. Otherwise, all these snake-like forms are gently plaited, bending and protruding in soft knots, in a sign of enthusiasm or in a spiral that is in har- mony with the artist’s belief that the path to God is never straightforward. With his impetus towards the heavens, Hollenstein symbolizes the resurrection, or at least the direction and the enthusiasm of spiritual growth; shapes can also emerge from the circumferences; in the embrace of cosmic rings, they encoun- ter their conjoining tendril projections like the expansive hands of acrobats on an invisible trapeze, they are interwoven into a symbolic image of the Crucifixion, or assume a circu- larity that hints at the Holy Trinity. Sometimes the circular forms evoke the rotating sun and its flaming rays; the bending, plaited dance of forms extends bodily into space, like a dance dialogue carried out by the legendary Pino and Pia Mlakar, artists who understood how to express the ascent of the spirit, how to cap- ture it in bodily movements that seek to forgo gravity and break free of the earth. In one of the dance compositions, in harmony with its cultural origin, the artist unveiled a memory of the dance of the Rhinemaidens in the space between the celestial rings. 91 Li te ra tu re an d th e a rts ar e a lso , i n th eir ow n wa y, of gr ea t i m po rta nc e t o th e l ife of th e C hu rc h. Th ey st riv e t o m ak e k no wn th e p ro pe r n at ur e o f m an , h is pr ob lem s a nd h is ex pe rie nc es in tr yi ng to k no w an d pe rfe ct b ot h hi m se lf an d th e w or ld . ( GS 62 .3 ) 92 Th e c lo ist er m on ks , b ou nd b y t he d iv in e l aw o f w or k in th e d isc ha rg e o f t he ir du tie s, fly id len es s, th e e ne m y, th e a nc ien ts te ll us , o f t he so ul . ( St 5. 1) 93 Hollenstein’s sculptures are optically encom- passed in a circular ascending, expressing the movement of life not in fragmentations of added or subtracted sculptural mass and material weight, but in soft folds. In harmo- ny with his ideas, this artist bends the iron bands or rods as he, creatively and piously inspired, hammers at the glowing iron, think- ing of God’s presence and longing for God. Thus his smith’s hands transform the materi- al, however heavy, into a fluid weightlessness and relaxed easefulness that look as natural as sprouting plants. Even though his art is lin- ear in construction, it is not sharp-edged, not squarely architectural or mechanically as- sembled. Rather, its uninterrupted flow is mu- sical to the core, for its evoker is, to the core, devoted to a spiritual absorption. It is evident that this dance of sculptural form is like a temple to its creator, if not like a veri- table initiation rite. Hollenstein’s frail yet deter- mined lines have a spiritual air of dancing, moving, growing from a spiritual centre like extended leaves and plaits of agave, com- ing (or at least seeming to become) organi- cally alive. There each fold preserves its inner meaning, harmonized with the whole or its idea; but in this complexity lies a cosmic har- mony, not empty decoration and entreaty, for it is consecrated through the eyes of a genu- ine Carthusian monk who has devoted his life to God. 94 Hollenstein’s clear art is pure, spiritual and symbolic in form, even when, as with his candlesticks, it is useful. But also here his art is consecrated to ritual, for it is suitable also for being placed on the base of a refectory altar. Among his more concrete forms are a sculpture of hands that are raised in prayer, with fingers that look like plant leaves, albeit not in the manner of Auguste Rodin’s marble The Cathedral. In the case of Brother Hollen- stein, however, even an antiphonary can be prayerfully held in one’s hands. In de ed , w e h ol d th at th ro ug h lab or off er ed to G od m an is as so cia te d wi th th e r ed em pt iv e w or k of Je su s C hr ist , W ho co nf er re d an em in en t d ig ni ty on la bo r w he n at N az ar et h He w or ke d wi th H is ow n ha nd s. (G S 6 7. 2) 95 Hollenstein’s vibrant art is neither sweetly devo- tional nor conventional; rather, it is abstractly modernist, his point of departure being the transcendence and genuine purity found in medieval Carthusian architecture, the con- struction of which is dictated by a spiritual impetus. It captures sound and harmony, is completely devoted to the stimulation of the spiritual impulse, and therefore we can per- ceive in it the most natural way of the sculptor’s pronouncement of his creative prayer. That is how the artist himself experiences it. Expressly explained in the lapidary Monk and the Work is that in a monk’s life work time is just a “con- tinuation of the prayerful posture, the continu- ation of the liturgy.” Eloquent Silence informs us that the Carthusian Statutes also try to “look at work as an extended liturgy and cult, where all relations must be imbued with respect” and, in keeping with the ora et labora credo, that work is “an integral part of the monk’s contem- plative life”; as homo faber “the monk does not search for self-realization through creativity, nor for spiritual balance – even though already Cassian had recognized this possibility, and even need, for the hermit.” Hollenstein’s sculp- tures became a form of prayer. The Carthusian, for whom monastic work means “service, not self-assertion,” glorifies the power of God through his work; in the strength with which he vividly bends his metal, we can, in the extra-Carthusian context of this exhibi- tion, recognize the artist’s human creativity, which we perceive as art. In his art, Father Janez Hollenstein, a former Pleterje Charterhouse prior, expresses his prayers and visions by means of the tirelessly rejuvenated sonorous metal lines onto which he has inscribed his heart’s Te Deum. 96 ECHO OF SILENCE 97 98 99 THE DIVINE GARDENER Inside and outside of the human life the brother monk plants statues – nature’s fruits. From monastery walls spring living shoots, rambling away among the grass grown rife. The Crucified One beckons us, like flame, to God, while weaving arches through it all. Those walls he quickens from his cosmic space, ringing with nature under heaven’s vault. ECHO OF SILENCE 100 101 Pr ija te ljs ka p ov ez an os t z B og om p a s rc a n e u te sn ju je. N as pr ot no , š iri ga in u sp os ab lja , da v Bo gu p rij az no sp re jem a s kr bi in te go be sv et a t er va žn e z ad ev e C er kv e. (P K 6. 6) ECHO OF SILENCE 102 103 104 105 106 107 KRKA Gallery, Novo mesto KUD Krka Curator: Mitja Pelko June, July, August 2017 Stane Kregar Gallery, Ljubljana St. Stanislav’s Institution Curator: Bernarda Podlipnik September, 2017 Primož Trubar Cultural Centre, Šentjernej Šentjernej Municipality Curator: Elizabeta Kušljan Gegič April, 2018 OPENING PROGRAMMES Zvone Pelko: Concept Milček Komelj: Reviews and introductory poems Katarina Šter and insula memoriae vocal ensemble Gregorian chant PREPARATION and SET-UP Tadej Žugman Blaž Jamšek Jože Simončič Zvone Pelko ASCENDING RESURRECTION ILLUMINATION ECHO OF SILENCE e x h i b i t i o n 108 PUBLISHER Zgovorna Tišina Eloquent Silence Cultural Society DESIGN Zvone Pelko TEXTS Brother Janez Hollenstein Milček Komelj Zvone Pelko POEMS Milček Komelj COPYEDITOR Nada Šumi ENGLISH TRANSLATION Jason Blake Nada Marija Grošelj (poems) FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS Zvone Pelko STUDIO PHOTOGRAPHS and COMPUTER LAYOUT Blaž Jamšek PRINTING and BINDING Tiskarna Flaksy, Ljubljana March, 2018 ECHO OF SILENCE 109 Postavitev in tisk so omogočili ... 110 111