^pe^Ha m BpmHUK. MMTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanM3a Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdan Hukohob he paper focuses on the semiotic function of the crepna (bread baking dish) and the vrshnik (its cover). hese traditional clay dishes were characteristic of the Balkans. Examined are several topics: the form of the crepna, which is reminiscent of the female body and therefore connected with a number of ritual magic procedures; female symbolism of the crepna; the crepna - dish - uterus - woman relation; and analogies and etymologies from Slavic languages. In popular tradition and phraseology the crepna denotes earth while the vrshnik indicates the sky covering the earth. Examined is the custom in which a male effigy is placed on a peg wedged in the center of the crepna. he function of the male figurine was to protect the earthenware dish during the drying process. By employing semiotic and comparative analyses, and in relation with the mythological German, the author investigates the role of German and his implicit function as fecundator, mediator, and god sacrificed on the cosmic axis. he paper then looks at medieval Slavic, Indo-European, and worldwide parallels in art. One of the symbolic postulates is the analogy between the making of bread (kneading, leavening, baking) and the growth of a baby inside its mother's womb. In this respect, the crepna dish attains the character of the uterus - the mother of the bread and earth. he yeast represents the father of the bread, and the sperm means the rain. TepMMHOT ^penna unu nodnu^a, o3HanyBa Kpy^Ha Tencuja, M3pa6oTeHa og Hen-poHMCTeHa rnuHa, gononHeTa co pa3Hu gpyru gogaTo^u og opraHCKo u HeopraHCKo no-TeKno /T.I:4-6; T.II:1/. M3BopHo ce u3pa6oTyBana Ha MomHe apxauneH HanuH: ce Moge-nupana co cno6ogHa paKa u no cymeaeTo ce nenena Ha oTBopeHo oraumTe (HeKage, ^pe^HUTe BoonmTo He ce nenene). Ce ynoTpe6yBana TaKa mTo, HajnpBo Ke ce 3arpeena Ha oraumTe, noToa bo Hea Ke ce cTaBena xpaHaTa u Ke ce noKpuena co gpyra, ucto TaKa 3arpeaHa ^pe^Ha unu co epmnuK T.e. can - nonyc^epuneH KanaK, u3pa6oTeH Ha cnuneH HanuH - og rnuHa, unu naK og MeTan /¿nunenu npuMepu T.I:1-3/. Bo ^pe^HaTa, HajnecTo ce nenen ne6, gpyru npou3Bogu og TecTo, ho u coceM nouHaKBa xpaHa.1 HeonxogHo e ga ce HanoMeHe geKa Tpagu^uoHanHaTa u3pa6oTKa Ha ^pe^HUTe, BneryBa bo c^epaTa Ha ^eHcKuTe npou3BogcTBeHu gejHocTu, bo Koja ce go HeogaM-Ha, 6une 3anyBaHu 6pojHu o6pegHo-MarucKu aKTuBHocTu u BepyBaaa. CTaHyBa 36op 3a ucKnynuTenHo apxau^Ha gejHocT, Ha mTo ynaTyBa oTcycTBoTo bo Hea Ha jacHa gu^epeH^uja^uja Mery o6pegHoTo u yTunuTapHoTo. Ce go cpeguHaTa Ha 20. BeK, bo ^HTpanHuoT u uctohhuot BanKaH, ^pe^Hu cMeene ga u3pa6oTyBaaT rnaBHo ^eHu, npu Ochobhu ^ogaTo^u u Ha3uBu: M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... ; n. ToMuh, ^eny^e ... ; B. Ba6uK, MaTepujanHaTa ... , 298-306; B. Babic, Crepulja ... ; C. flaBKQBa - foprueBa, Og MaKegoHcKaTa ... . 97 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKO - ceMMOTMHKa aHanu3a mTO HeKage OBa ce ogHecyBano Ha ymTe ^oc^e^M^MHeH gen og hub (geBojKM, ogHOcHO geBM^M; Ma^eHM ^eHM; ^eHM kom BeKe npaBene ^pe^HM Kora 6une geBojKu) /T.I: 15/. npu Toa, ynecHMHKMTe Ha OBoj o6pegHO-npou3BogcTBeH hmh Mopane ga ucnonHyBa-aT u gpyru ycnoBM. EgeH og hmb e HMBHaTa „HucTOTa", c^aTeHa bo HeKonKy acneKTM: - ga 6ugaT ucKaneHu; - ga HocaT HucTa, HajHecTO npa3HMHHa o6neKa; - ga He ce bo ^a3a Ha MeHCTpya^Mja; - ga He ce 6peMeHM; - ga ancTMHupane og nonoB aKT npeg hmhot Ha npaBeaeTO ^pe^HM; - ga HeMane cKopemeH gonup co noKojHMK. npu ra3eaeTO Ha rnu-HaTa 3a ^pe^HM, ^eHMTe ro npe^pnane 3gonHumTeTO Mery HO3eTe 3a ga ru cKpujaT re-HMTanuuTe og rnuHaTa, T.e. 3eMjaTa. Bo 6pojHM cnyHau, npu M3pa6oTKaTa Ha cagoBMTe, He 6uno no^enHO (na gypu u 3a6paHeTo) npucycTBOTO Ha Ma^u, u Toa He caMO Ha BO3-pacHMTe, TyKy u Ha MamKMTe ge^. ^enHM ce npaBene Ha ogpegeH geH bo roguHaTa (HajnecTO egeH, ho HeKage u bo gBa, na u noBeKe TepMMHu). Bo ^HTpanHMOT u mctoh-hmot BanKaH HajHecTO Toa e npa3HMKOT Cb. EpeMuja (npBa nonoBMHa Ha Maj), unu naK geH-gBa npeg u nocne Hero. Bo TeKOT Ha cuTe o6pegHO-npoM3BogcTBeHM nocTanKM, ro-neMa ynora urpan ^pMH^M^OT Ha HenapHocT (HenapeH 6poj M3pa6oTyBaHM; Meceae Ha rnuHaTa bo HenapeH 6poj naTM; M3pa6oTKa Ha HenapeH 6poj ^pe^HM mth.).2 BaKBOTO ^eHcKO puTyanu3upaHO npoM3BogcTBO Ha ^pe^HM e oco6eHO go6po eBM-geHTupaHO bo eTHorpa^cKMTe TpagM^MM og MaKegoHuja, (BKnyHMTenHO co Hej3MHUTe nogpanja kom geHec BneryBaaT bo ^paHM^MTe Ha cocegHMTe gp»:aBM), noToa bo Byrapuja u bo genoBM Ha Cp6uja, Kocobo, ^Ha ropa, An6aHuja u PoMaHuja. 3anagHaTa rpaHM^ Ha OBOj apean ogu og Benrpag, npeKy KparyeBa^ nogpanjaTa 3anagHO og CjeHM^ u Bujeno noae, koh HuKmuK, ^Tuae u HaTaMy go ,D,y6poBHMHKa ^yna.3 ^enHaTa KaKO ^opMa Ha KepaMMHKM cag ce nojaByBa ymTe bo HeonuoT, a npo-gon^yBa ga er3ucTupa u bo HapegHMTe npegucTopucKM nepuogu /npuMep, co dodadeHU mpu Ho^apKU T.I:7/.4 Ho, TyKa npuKa^aHMTe eTHorpa^cKM TpagM^MM 3a ^p^eHaTa, Kyn-TyponomKM ce Bp3yBaaT 3a cpegHMOT BeK u HenocpegHO 3a gocenyBaaeTO Ha cnoBeHc-KMTe ^o^yna^MM Ha BanKaHOT bo paHMOT cpegeH BeK. M noKpaj Toa mTO HeKOM ucrpa-^yBanu HacTojyBane reHe3aTa Ha ^pe^HaTa ga ja noBp3aT co KynTypaTa Ha 6anKaHcKMTe CTapocegen^M, OBaa Teopuja TemKO ce apryMeHTupa nopagu Toa mTO BaKBM cagoBM He ce KOHcTaTupaHM Ha BanKaHOT, HenocpegHO go gocenyBaaeTO Ha CnoBeHMTe (bo paM-KMTe Ha go^HopMMCKaTa, T.e. paHOBM3aHTucKa KynTypa). Bo npunor Ha Toa roBopu u cnoBeHcKOTO noTeKno Ha Ha3MBMTe Ha ^pe^HaTa, u Toa He caMO bo paMKMTe Ha cnoBeH-cKMTe, TyKy u bo HecnoBeHcKMTe ja3M^M og 6anKaHcKMOT apean.5 HenocpegeH noBog Ha OBa ucTpa^yBaae e egHa o6pegHa aKTMBHocT, noBp3aHa co M3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^pe^HM, eBugeHTupaHa Ha nogpanjeTO Ha MaKegoHuja bo TeKOT Ha npBaTa nonoBMHa u cpeguHaTa Ha 20. BeK. 3a6ene^eHa e og cpncKMOT eTHonor M. C. OununoBMK, bo HeroBaTa MOHorpa^uja nocBeTeHa Ha ^eHcKaTa KepaMMKa Kaj BanKaHc-KMTe Hapogu. TyKa, aBTopoT HaBegyBa nogaTOK Koj bo 1932 roguHa ro go6un og cBojaTa yneHMHKa Bepa fopreBMK - KnuHKOBa (^ogo^Ha ucTaKHaT MaKegoHcKM eTHonor) cnopeg 2 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 125-142; n. ToMuh, ^pe^y^e ... , 43, 44. 3 n. ToMuh, ^eny^e ... , 46, 47. 4 HeonuTcKM npuMepu og MaKegoHuja: M. Gimbutas, Neolithic ... , 119, 120 - Fig. 66, 129 - Fig. 79; B. CaHeB, M. CTaMeHOBa, HeonuTcKa ... , 17 (AH^en^M Kaj CTyMM^a); Porodin ... , 38, T.VI: 3 (nopoguH Kaj BuTona). 5 3a reHe3aTa, pacnpocTpaHeTocTa Ha ^pe^HaTa u 3a Hej3MHMTe nocTapu BapujaHTM: B. Ba6uK, MaTepujanHa-Ta ... , 298-306; 101 - 111; B. Babic, Crepulja ... , 101 - 105; n. ToMuh, ^eny^e ... , 47, 48, 52; M. C. Oununo-Buh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 24-26; 3a Ha3MBMTe: C. flaBKOBa - foprueBa, Og MaKegoHcKaTa ... . 98 Hukoc Haycuôuc, Uopàan HuKonoB Koj, bo cenaTa og CKoncKa ^Ha ropa, npu u3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^pe^HU, Ha npBaTa mT0 Ke ce u3Mogenupana, ce 3a6ogyBan mene3eH KnuHe^ u Ha Hero, og Kan ce o^opMyBa-na ^urypuHa Ha H0BeK. Ce BepyBano geKa Taa Ke ru HyBa ocTaHaTuTe ^pe^HU og ypoK u og nyKaae. npu npoBepKaTa Ha oBoj nogaT0K, aBTopoT go3Han geKa bo BpeMeTo Ha HeroBuTe ucTpamyBaaa, oBoj o6unaj noBeKe He ce npaKTuKyBan, a cnopeg ceKaBaaaTa Ha MemTaHuTe, go npBaTa cBeTcKa BojHa (1914-1918 r.) u HeKonKy roguHu ^ogo^Ha, ce u3BegyBan bo cenoTo KyneBumTe (CKoncKa ^Ha ropa). HenocpegHu UH^opMa^uu 3a oBoj o6peg ce go6ueHu og meHuTe bo 0Ba ceno kou bo MnagocTa u3pa6oTyBane BaKBu ^urypu (bo cenoTo HapeKyBaHu „TOBene"). Bo 1950 roguHa, egHa meHa og KyneBumTe (Ahí a ycoBa), Ha UHU^ujaTUBa Ha ®ununoBuK, u3pa6oTuna TaKBa ^urypa (BucuHa 23,5 cm) Koja npuKamyBana Mam co Ha3HaneHu reHuTanuu IT.lV.l; peKoncmpy^uja na ^nama cumya^ja, 3aedno co ^ennama T.ll.lI. ^urypuHaTa e npeHeceHa bo ETHorpa^cKu-0T My3ej bo Benrpag, a bo HaBegeHaTa M0H0rpa^uja e goKyMeHTupaHa co ^oTorpa^uja. McTpamyBanoT HanoMHyBa geKa goToram HuKage Ha gpyro MecTo He 3a6eneman BaK0B o6unaj.6 fla ru u3gBouMe cera cuTe oggenHu eneMeHTu (nocTanKu, npaBuna, BepyBaaa) BKnyneHu bo oBoj huh: 7 - Co orneg Ha Toa mT0 bo egHa KaMnaaa ce u3pa6oTyBane ogegHam no HeKonKy ^pe^HU, Tpe6a ga ce Harnacu geKa cnoMHaTaTa nocTanKa ce npaBena caMo bo ogHoc Ha egHa og hub. Toa e 0Haa ^pe^Ha Koja 6una ogHanpeg 3aMucneHa KaKo npBa, nopagu mT0 uMana u noroneMu guMeH3uu og gpyruTe. - Ha gH0T0 og ^pe^HaTa, bo Hej3uHuoT ^HTap, BepTuKanHo ce 3a6ogyBan mene-3eH KnuHe^ - Ha 3agHuoT gen og KnuHe^0T, bo uctuot MaTepujan og Koj ce u3pa6oTyBana ^pe^HaTa, ce Mogenupana ^urypuHa Ha H0BeK (HapeKyBaHa „TOBene"), nocTaBeH BepTuKanHo, 3a ga „ru rnega" ocTaHaTuTe ^pe^HU IT.ll.1I. rnuHaTa og Koja ce npaBena, He ce Memana co cnaMa, TyKy co KynuHa. Ha KpajoT, ^urypaTa ce npeMaHKyBana co pa3MaTeHa 6anera, ho He ce nenena, TyKy caMo ce cymena. - ^urypaTa ce npaBena co KoHKpeTHa ^n - KaKo MarucKa 3amTuTa Ha ^pe^HUTe u3pa6oTeHu bo ucTaTa KaMnaaa, ogHocHo 3a Taa ga ru HyBa og ypoK u og omTeTyBaaa bo TeK0T Ha hubhoto cymeae. ^yH^ujaTa Ha ^urypaTa e jacHo anocTpo^upaHa co Toa mT0 ce HapeKyBana „goMaKuH Ha ^pe^HUTe", mT0 Tpe6ana ga „ru rnega" ^pe^HUTe u no BepyBaaeTo geKa Taa „ru HyBa" (uM^nu^UTH0 og nyKaae). - ^enHaTa Ha Koja cToena ^urypaTa, He 6uno nomenHo (ocBeH npu „roneMa HeBoaa") ga ce KopucTu bo TeK0T Ha roguHaTa, ce gogeKa cnegHaTa ce30Ha He ce u3pa-6oTaT gpyru ^pe^HU. Ke ce ynoTpe6ena caMo gonKonKy bo Taa KyKa BeKe HeMano gpyru ynoTpe6nuBu ^pe^HU. - ,HoBeneTo" Koe cnegHaTa roguHa Ke ja goneKano H0BaTa KaMnaaa Ha npaBeae ^pe^HU, ce cMeTano geKa ja 3aBpmuno cBojaTa gonmHocT u noBeKe He 6uno noTpe6Ho. Bo HeKou KyKu, HeroBaTa ^urypa egHocTaBHo ce ^pnana, yHumTyBana, ho bo gpyru 6una ocTaBaHa Ha TaBaH. OgpegeHu u3BecTyBaaa go6ueHu bo 1951 roguHa og cenoTo Hynep (bo cocegcTBo Ha KyneBumTe), noKamyBaaT geKa BaKBuTe ^urypu He ce gaBane HagBop og KyKaTa, nopagu BepyBaaeTo geKa Toa Ke npegu3BuKa cMpT Ha HeKoro og Taa KyKa. 6 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHOKa KepaMuKa ... , 104, 147,148, ^oTorpa4>uja Ha cn. 44. 7 3a cuTe nogony HaBegeHu eneMeHTu: M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHOKa KepaMuKa ... , 104, 147, 148. 99 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanM3a CuBe rope HaBegeHM gejcTBuja He npeTCTaByBaaT HMKaKOB ucKnyHOK, TyKy caMO egeH cerMeHT unu MaHM^ecTa^Mja Ha nOmupOKMOT KOMnneKc cnuHHM o6pegHo-Maruc-km nocTanKM, nOBp3aHM co ^pe^HMTe. OTTyKa u HameBO ucTpa^yBaae Ha o6uHajoT Ha npaBerae „HOBeHe", OgHOcHO oTKpuBaaeTo Ha HerOBaTa cMucna, MOpaBMe ga rO BTeMe-nuMe Bp3 egHO nOmupOKO aHanM3upaae Ha gyxOBHMTe acneKTM Ha ^nuoT ^eHOMeH. Ha KpajoT, TOa pe3ynTupame co npOMeHa Ha npBMHHaTa KOH^e^^Mja Ha oBoj Tpyg, Koj ru HagMMHa paMKMTe Ha KOHKpeTHMOT oöpeg u HaBne3e bo ucTpa^yBaaeTo Ha rno6anHaTa ceMMOTMKa / cuMÖonuKa Ha ^pe^HaTa u BpmHMKOT. OBoj nomupoK npuog ro 3anoHHyBaMe co HeKou MarucKo-anoTponejcKM acneKTM Ha ^pe^HaTa, kom MMaaT 3HaHaeH ygen u bo pa36upaaeTo Ha cuMÖonuKaTa Ha ^pe^HaTa, na u KapaKTepoT u ^yH^ujaTa Ha ^urypaTa Ha „HOBeHeTo". I. MArMCKO-AnOTPOnEJCKM ACnEKTM HA ^EnHATA ^eHMTe He gonymTane ^pe^HMTe ga ce rnegaaT gogeKa Tue ce cymaT. nocToena npaKca, mTOM bo egHa ^pe^Ha Ke ce ucneHe ne6, oTToram Taa ga ce ogp»yBa bo HucTa cocToj6a, ga He ce ocTaBa, HMTy ga ce ^pna Ha HeHucTo MecTo, a ocBeH Toa, ce cMeTano 3a rpeB ga ce cegHe Ha Hea. Bo 3anagHa Byrapuja ce BepyBano geKa „anaTa" (nom geMOH co M3rneg Ha 3Mej) ro y6uBa „3MejoT" (go6ap geMOH), ygupajKM ro co ^pe^Ha unu co napHe og ^pe^Ha. nopagu Toa, Kora rpMeno, ^pe^Ha He ce ocTaBana HagBop, TyKy ce BHecyBana bo KyKaTa. Bo mctmot peruoH, ^pe^HaTa cny»ena bo MarucKMOT o6peg Ha „cuMHyBaae" T.e. „Mon3eae Ha MeceHMHaTa", Koj ce cocToen bo ornegyBaae Ha MeceHM-HaTa bo ^pe^Ha HanonHeTa co Boga. HeKage, npaB og ucTonHeHa ^pe^Ha ce KopucTen KaKo neK unu npo^unaKca 3a ogpegeHM 6onecTM Kaj nyreTo u go6uTOKOT. PogunKMTe naK, nuene Boga og ^pe^Ha, 3a nonecHo ga ce nopogaT. ^enHaTa 6una BKnyHeHa u bo norpe6HMTe o6uHau (oco6eHo KaKo nocTanKa Ha Hej3MHo o6pegHo Kpmeae).8 BocwneK. MarucKaTa T.e. anoTponejcKa 3amTMTa Ha ^pe^HMTe (3a BpeMe Ha hmb-hoto cymeae u noToa), bo HeKou peruoHM ce ocTBapyBana npeKy KMTeae Ha roTOBMTe ^pe^HM co 6ocuneK (nopeHe, MaKegoHuja), unu 3a6ogyBaae bo cpeguHaTa cTpyK og 6ocuneK (^ecKOBa^ Cp6uja) /peKOHcmpy^uja T.I:4/.9 K^MHe^ / »ene30. npu M3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^pe^HM, Tue HecTo ce cTaBane bo HeKaKOB KOHTeKcT co »ene3OTo. Ha Bep6anHo hmbo ce cnopegyBane unu ugeHTM^MKyBane co »e-ne3OTo, gogeKa Ha npegMeTHo hmbo ce cTaBane bo KOHTaKT co pa3HM »ene3HM npegMeTM (npeg ce oHue og orHumTeTo). Bo oKonuHaTa Ha CKonje u gpyru peruoHM, bo ^pe^HMTe (HeKage caMO bo npBaTa) ce 3a6ogyBan »ene3eH KnMHe^ Koj TaKa ce ocTaBan npeKy hok, unu ce gogeKa Tue He ce ucymene. Bo ceno ^BaH (MaKegoHuja), ^pe^HMTe ce gonupane co KnuHe^ 3a ga 6ugaT ^pcTM.10 OBue nocTanKM ce TeMenaT Ha Tpu acneKTM Ha »ene3o-to. Cnopeg npBMOT, Toa e napaguma 3a ^pcTMHa u ucTpajHocT (6a3upaHo Ha peanHaTa ^BpcTMHa Ha oBoj MeTan). Cnopeg BTopuoT, og6paM6eHaTa ^yH^uja Ha »ene3OTo ce 8 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 150-153; 3a o6pegoT: „cuMHyBaae Ha MeceHMHaTa": H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 221, 282, 355, 367. 9 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 148; 3a MarucKMOT KapaKTep Ha 6ocuneKOT: B. HajKaHOBuh, O Maruju ... , 117-124; B. HajKaHOBuh, PeHHMK ... , 41-49. 10 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 143, 146, 147 (aBTopoT cMeTa geKa anoTponejcKaTa ynora Ha Knu-He^OT goara og caMOTo »ene3o, Koe bo HapogHMTe BepyBaaa ^urypupa KaKo HenpujaTen Ha nomuTe cunu m Ha geMoHuTe). 100 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob gon»:u Ha HeroBaTa ynoTpe6a bo M3pa6oTKaTa Ha opy^je, a TpeTuoT - HeroBuTe pena^uu co orHOT (ycBuTyBaae, KoBaae, ucKpeae, ogHocHo „paraae" Ha ^ene30T0 bo oraH).11 nepgyB, nepymKa. Bo oKonuHaTa Ha nupoT (Cp6uja), no MogenupaaeTo Ha ^pe^HaTa, Ha Hej3uHoTo gHo, co npcT ce Bgna6HyBan KpcT /T.I:4,9/, npu mTo, Ha npe-ceKoT og HeroBUTe Kpa^u ce 3a6ogyBana nepymKa, gogeKa bo oKonuHaTa Ha feBrenuja (P. MaKegoHuja) - nepgyB og KoKomKUHo Kpuno (He u og onamKaTa, 6ugejKu ce cMeTa-no geKa He e „hucto"). Cnopeg ucKa3uTe og cKoncKaTa oKonuHa (CKoncKa ^Ha ropa, BnaTuja, KapmujaK u ropHo ^ucune), nepymKaTa ce cTaBana „3a Maruu", ogHocHo 3a ^pe^HaTa ga He ce cKpmu unu „yponu". HeKage, npucycTBoTo unu gonupoT co nepgyB 6uno co ^n, ^pe^HUTe ga 6ugaT „necHu KaKo nepgyB".12 HyK. Bo feBrenucKuoT peruoH, ho u bo Kocobo, noKpaj nepgyBoT 3a6ogeH bo ^pe^HUTe ce cTaBana u rnaBu^Ka nyK, 3a Tue ga He nyKaaT u ga He 6ugaT ypeKHaTu. no-pagu ucTuTe npunuHu, bo ^eBan u TeMHufr, roToBuTe ^pe^HU ce npeMa^KyBane co nyK. OBaa ^yH^uja Ha nyKoT e go6po no3HaTa u ce 6a3upa Ha HeroBuoT onmT anoTponejcKu KapaKTep, cunHo 3acTaneH bo 6anKaHcKuTe HapogHu Tpagu^uu.13 KpcT. HepeTKo, ^pe^HUTe ce gononHyBaHu co egHocTaBHu opHaMeHTu, og kou anconyTHo goMuHupaaT KpcToBugHuTe. Ce B^pTyBane co npcT, gogeKa ^pe^HaTa cé ymTe 6una Bna^Ha, TaKa mTo Toj ce oTucHyBan u Bp3 ne6oT mTo Ke ce ucnenen bo TaK-BaTa ^pe^Ha /T.I:4,9/. OaKToT mTo bo egeH uct peruoH ce jaByBaaT u opHaMeHTupaHu u HeopHaMeHTupaHu ^pe^HU, roBopu geKa He ce pa6oTu 3a o6Bp3eH eneMeHT. nocTojaT pa3Hu onpaBgyBaaa 3a npucycTBoTo Ha KpcToT Ha ^pe^HaTa. Bo ropHo ^jkobo, cena-HuTe Benene geKa KpcToT ce cTaBa „3a Maruja" T.e. ^pe^HUTe ga He ce KpmaT; bo Mup-KOB^u (CKoncKa ^Ha ropa) - 3a ga ja nyBa ^pe^HaTa; bo oKonuHaTa Ha Bpaae - 3a Taa ga He ce ypeKHe. Bo Cp6uja ce cMeTano geKa KpcToT og ^pe^HaTa ro mTuTu ne6oT u KyKaTa, a cnu^Ho u bo PopHa n^uaa ce Beneno geKa Toj e TyKa „3a ga ce KpcTu ne6oT". Bo npunor Ha o6pegHuoT, a He geKopaTuBeH KapaKTep Ha KpcToT, ynaTyBa ^ktot mTo bo oKonuHaTa Ha CKonje, Toj ce B^pTyBan caMo Ha npBaTa ^pe^Ha. KpcToT e eBugeHTupaH He caMo Kaj xpucTujaHcKoTo HaceneHue, TyKy u Kaj MycnuMaHuTe (PagoBum, Manem, nopene, oKonuHa Ha KpymeBo, oKonuHa Ha npu3peH, Kocobo, nunepu, Kynu u oKonuHa Ha BepaH). KoHcTaTupaH e u Ha cpegHoBeKoBHuTe ^pe^HU (gaTupaHu bo 15 - 16. BeK). OcBeH o6uhhuot HeTupuKpaK KpcT, HeKage (Ha npuMep, Ha CKoncKa ^Ha ropa) e 3a6ene^eH u KpcT co ocyM Kpa^u /T.I:10/u KpcT og npenneTeHu 6paHoBugHu nuHuu /T.I:11/. Bo Tanu^HuK (MaKegoHuja), KpcToT ro B^pTyBane geBojKu kou 6une BTacaHu 3a Ma^eae. 3a6ene^eHu ce u o6unau Ha npeKpcTyBaae Ha roToBa ^pe^Ha (co Mama unu HeKoj gpyr ^ene3eH npegMeT) u Toa npu Hej3uHoTo npBo KopucTeae.14 MomHe e BepojaTHa npeTxpucTujaHcKaTa reHe3a Ha oBoj motub, Koj ^ogo^Ha 6un BKnoneH u pe-uHTepnpeTupaH bo xpucTujaHcKuoT cucTeM (3a oBa nogeTanHo Ke roBopuMe HaTaMy). nanoK. Bo HeKou peruoHu, bo ^HTapoT Ha gHoTo og ^pe^HaTa ce npaBeno Mano Bgna6HyBaae unu npo6ueH oTBop /T.I:4,8/, Koe bo HeKou cnynau Moreno ga cny^u u 11 3a 3HaneaeTo Ha ®ene3oTo bo cnoBeHcKaTa HapogHa KynTypa: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 2, 198-201; T. Bpa-^uhobcku, Pe^HuK ... , 167-168; 3a KnuHe^OT: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 1, 493,494. 12 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... , 146,148. 13 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... , 148. 3a 3Ha^eaeTo Ha nyKoT: B. HajKaHoBuh, Pe^HuK ... , 25-32; T. Bpa^uHoBcKu, Pe^HuK ... , 261,262. 14 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... , 140, 144,145,148,149; n. ToMuh, ^eny^e ... , 44,48; npuMep Ha KpcT B^pTaH Ha cpegHoBeKoBHu ^pe^Hu: B. Babic, Crepulja ... , 105 - cn.4 101 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMMOTu^Ka aHanu3a 3a noguraae Ha 3arpeaHaTa ^pe^Ha (co noMom Ha KyKa). HeKage, Tue ce HapeKyBane „nanoK", a TaKOB Ha3MB Hoceno m ucnamyBafteTo Ha ne6oT mTO Ke ce ucnenen bo BaKBa ^pe^Ha. nocToene pa3HM BepyBaaa bo BpcKa co jageaeTo Ha oBoj „nanoK". Ce cMeTano geKa oHoj mTo Ke ro M3ege (HajnecTo ge^Ta), nocTojaHo Ke ro najaT Kynufta, unu Ke 6uge KacHaT og Kyne.15 OBoj cuMÔonuHKM eneMeHT, Ha BanKaHOT Mo«e ga ce cnegu ce go npegucTopujaTa. npu ucKonyBaaeTo Ha HeonuTcKMTe KyKu og oBoj peruoH (KOHKpeTHo og MaKegoHuja), HepeTHo bo hmb ce HaoraaT rnuHeHM Mogenu Ha Kpy^HM nernufta, Ha Huja ropHa cTpaHa, bo ^HTapoT e pegoBHo (co npcT?) BTucHaTa gnanKa, Koja ucTpa^y-BanuTe ja TonKyBaaT KaKo nanoK (3a oBoj motmb, Bugu HaTaMy).16 floceramHMTe ucTpa^yBanu (M. C. ^ununoBuK, fl. MapuHOB), Bp3 ocHOBa Ha oBue m 6pojHM gpyru ^eHOMeHM, ro ucTaKHyBaaT caKpanHMOT m HeMaTepujaneH acneKT Ha ^pe^HaTa, HacnpoTM Hej3MHaTa npaKTMHHa / yTunuTapHa HaMeHa. Cnopeg hmb, BaKBMOT KapaKTep goara: - nopagu 6pojHMTe o6pegHo-MarucKM aKTMBHocTM co kom e npugpy-^eHo Hej3MHOTo npou3BogcTBo. - nopagu Toa mTo Taa ce npaBena og 3eMja, mTo caMaTa no ce6e npeTcTaByBa caKpaneH eneMeHT. - nopagu Toa mTo e bo HenocpegHa BpcKa co orHumTeTo, Koe e mcto TaKa Ba^eH m cunHo caKpanu3upaH eneMeHT. KaKo m ga e, ^pe^HaTa e oKpy^eHa co noce6Ho noHMTyBaae, TaKa mTo m caMaTa no ce6e npeTcTaByBa caKpaneH m MarucKM o6jeKT. Bo Taa cMucna e MomHe MHgMKaTMBeH ^aKTOT mTo ^pe^HaTa npBeHcTBeHo ce KopucTena 3 a neneae Ha KynTHM ne6oBM. M3Bop-ho, Taa Hocena m cuneH ceMeeH KapaKTep. Ce npou3BegyBana bo ceMejcTBOTo, T.e. KyKaTa m peTKo ro HanymTana oBoj Kpyr. Boo6unaeHo He ce npogaBana, He ce gaBana HMTy ce nogapyBana, a npu no3ajMM^ Mopana cuM6onuHHo ga 6uge KOMneH3upaHa co He3Hanu-TenHa napuHHa HagoKHaga. Bo HeKou peruoHM, cMeena ga ce no3ajMM caMo HeKopucTeHa ^pe^Ha. Ce cMeTano geKa Hej3MHOTo M3HecyBaaeTo 3Hanu m M3HecyBaae Ha cpeKaTa m 6narococToj6aTa og KyKaTa m ceMejcTBOTo. Ha BaKBMOT KapaKTep yKa^yBa m o6uqajoT, npu geneae Ha KyKHaTa 3agpyra, ^pe^HMTe (3aegHo co ocTaHaTMTe KepaMMHKM cagoBu), ga He ce genaT, TyKy ga ocTaHyBaaT bo KyKaTa, ogHocHo bo noceg Ha oHoj mTo Ke ^MBee bo Hea. 3a6ene^eHM ce m 3a6paHM, ^pe^HaTa ga ce npeHecyBa „npeKy Boga".17 II. CEMMOTMKA / CMMEOHMKA HA ^EnHATA M BPOHMKOT CMeTaMe geKa TyKa npuKa^aHMTe TpagM^MM, a m ^nuoT o6pegHo-npou3Bog-cTBeH KOMnneKc noBp3aH co ^pe^HaTa m BpmHMKOT bo rno6anHM paMKM, Mo»e ga ce o6jacHM gonKonKy Tue ce cornegaaT og gBa, B3aeMHo MomHe npoTKaeHM cuM6onuHKM unu ceMMOTMHKM acneKTM. - ^enHaTa bo pena^Mja co TenoTo m 6uonomKMTe ^yH^uu Ha ^eHaTa. - ^enHaTa m BpmHMKOT, bo pena^Mja co MMTcKMTe npeTcTaBM 3a BceneHaTa. 15 M. C. OunMnoBMh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 152; n. ToMuh, ^pe^y^e ... , 49. M bo aHTu^KMTe m npegucTopu-cKMTe KynTypu, Ky^eTo e BKny^eHo bo oôpegHMTe aKTMBHocTM oKony nano^HaTa BpBKa m BoonmTo - no-paraaeTo Ha ^eHaTa (M. Hoti, Prethistorijski ... , 107, 108). 16 M. Bilbija, Kult kruha ... . 17 M. C. OununoBMh, ®eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 149-153; fl. MapuHOB, HapogHa ... , 64, 192, 624-626; J. Tpu^yHOB-ckm, rpH^apcTBo ... . 102 Hukoc Haycuduc, Uopàan Hukojiob 1. ^enHa - MaTKa - «eHa CuM6onunKaTa BpcKa Mery ^pe^HaTa u »eHaTa ce 6a3upa Bp3 ^yH^uoHanHaTa pena^uja Mery ^pe^HaTa u MaTKaTa, KaKo npocmopu, m.e. eneMenmu eo kou ce co30aea, pacme u ceycoepwyea nemmo - bo »eHaTa geTeTo, a bo ^pe^HaTa ne6oT. Bo cnoBeHc-KUTe Tpagu^uu u nomupoKo ce no3HaTu 6pojHu ^eH0MeHu kou HenocpegHo unu noc-pegHo ja goKa»yBaaT 0Baa pena^uja. a) ^pe^Ha - cag - MaTKa - ^enHa - hokbji 3a HameTo ucTpa^yBaae Ha 0Baa pena^uja ce oco6eHo uHTepecHu Tpagu^uuTe noBp3aHu co noKBume (no3HaTu Mery gpyroTo u nog Ha3UBUTe Kapnuu,a, dexa, KBamnn) - gpBeHu cagoBu kou, KaKo u ^pe^HUTe, bo 6pojHu Tpagu^U0HanHU KynTypu 6une noB-p3aHu co ne6oT, ogHocHo HaMeHeTu 3a HeroBo Meceae u nyBaae npeg neneaeTo, Kora Toj ce KBacen u noToa ce ocTaBan ga HapacHe. OBaa BpcKa, MomHe jacHo ja ogpa3yBa cnoBeHcKuoT Ha3UB Ha 0Bue npegMeTu (Kapnu^), Koj noKa»yBa eBugeHTHa cuM6onun-Ka BpcKa co Kapnuu,ama, KaKo gen og »eHcK0T0 Teno bo Koj pacTe ^eTycoT. Og egeH gpyr acneKT, 0Ba ro noTBpgyBaaT ucTonHocnoBeHcKUTe ^onKnopHu Tpagu^uu bo kou, 0Bue npegMeTu (HapeneHu dexa), Hajnecro ce npaBene og xencKO dpBO (gpBja nue uMe e bo »eHcKu pog ho u bo HapogHaTa KynTypa 6une TpeTupaHu KaKo »eHcKu), unu naK, ce BepyBano geKa bo BaKBUTe „»eHcKu ge»u", ne6oT nogo6po cTacyBa. noBeKe o6unau, Ha eKc^nu^UTeH HanuH ro noKa»yBaaT HarnaceHuoT »eHcKu acneKT Ha 0Bue npegMeTu, a co Toa u ceKcyanHuoT koh^ot bo TonKyBaaeTo Ha co3gaBaaeTo Ha ne6oT T.e. Her0B0T0 pacTeae. Kaj McTonHUTe CnoBeHu, ge»aTa ce KUTena co ^pBeH »eHcKu nojac; nog Hea ce cTaBana »eHcKa o6neKa, a Hag Hea - MamKa o6neKa unu MamKa Kana (= cuM6onunKu KouTyc). floKonKy egHa ge»a, nopagu ogpegeHu npunuHu BeKe He ^yH^uoHupana go6-po (bo Hea ne6oT go6po He pacTen), nopagu „nonpaBaae" Ha cocToj6aTa, bo ge»aTa ce npaBena gynKa bo Koja ce 3anyKyBan KnuH og MamKo gpBo, nuj BumoK noToa ce cenen. AcneKT0T Ha KouTyc Mo»e ga ce ugeHTu^uKyBa u npeKy: - o6peguTe Ha 3a6ogyBaae ho» bo ^HTapoT Ha ge»aTa; - o6pegoT Ha cegHyBaae neTen bo Hea; - Hej3UH0 ocTaBaae HagBop, 3 a ga ro goneKa u3rpeB0T Ha coh^to (cMeTaMe geKa ho»ot, neTenoT u coh^to, bo 0Bue nocTanKu ce 3acTa^HU^u Ha MamKuoT ^puH^u^). KaKo u ^pe^HUTe, u 0Bue npegMeTu 6une 0Kpy»eHu co HarnaceHa caKpanHocT u nonuT: - He ce ocTaBane Ha He-nucTo MecTo, TyKy necTo cToene bo cBeTuoT - ,flpBeH" aron Ha KyKaTa; - gypu u goKonKy 6une goTpaeHu, He ce ^pnane Ha ry6pumTe unu bo oraH. Pena^uuTe co ^pe^HaTa ru no-Ka»yBaaT u gpyru o6unau u BepyBaaa: - u ge»aTa, KaKo u ^pe^HaTa, ce npoTpuBana co nyK 3a ga ^yH^uoHupa nogo6po; - ce cTaBana bo KoHTaKT (oBoj naT Kageae) co nepgy-Bu, 3a ne6oT bo Hea ga 6uge neceH KaKo nepgyB; - 3a6paHeT0 6uno Taa ga ce no3ajMyBa, ga ce 3acTaHe unu cegHe Ha Hea (ocBeH bo ogpegeHu o6pegHu ^nu). M ge»aTa, KaKo u ^pe^HaTa ja ycnoByBa u npoBepyBa geBcTBeHocTa: - o6pegoT Ha cegHyBaae Ha HeBecTa-Ta Ha ge»a ce npenopanyBan caMo goKonKy Taa 6una geBu^.18 18 3a oBue ^0gaT0^u: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 2, 35, 45-49. 3a MamKUTe u »eHcKUTe gpBja T.e. pacTeHuja: H. M. ToncTOM, ^3mk ... , 333-338; M. Elijade, Kovači ... , 33-37; 3a MamKuoT / ^anyceH acneKT Ha neTenoT: A. HoMa. „neTnuh" ... . 103 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a - HMHrMBMCTM^KM ^aKTM TparuTe Ha gpeBHaTa u apxeTMncKa cuM6onuHKa pena^uja Mery HaBegeHUTe npeg-MeTM (u nomupoKo, Ha cagoT) u ^eHCKMTe pogunHU opraHu, e MeMopupaHa bo HeKou 36opoBM og cnoBeHCKUTe ja3u^u. CTaHyBa 36op 3a TepMUHu kom ce ogHecyBaaT Ha MaTKa-Ta, reHUTanuuTe u nomupoKaTa 3oHa Ha TenoTo Kage ce cMecreHU oBue opraHu, kom noKa-^yBaaT bmcok cTeneH Ha 6nucKocT unu eKBUBaneHTHocT co Ha3UBUTe 3a HeKou cagoBu. ^OHe^ - HOHO. Bo eTUMonomKUTe peHHU^u Ha cnoBeHcKUTe ja3u^u, reHe3aTa Ha jy^HocnoBoeHcKuoT 36op noHe^ (npacnoB. *lonbcb) ce onpegenyBa KaKo HejacHa, npu mTo ce npaBaT o6ugu 3a HeroBo noBp3yBaae co rp^KUTe u naTUHcKUTe TepMUHu 3a cagoBu: Aqvoa (gpBeHo KopuTo, aHanorao u aHrnoc. lanu); AeKoa, lanx (3gena). Ce npeTnocTaByBa geKa cTaHyBa 36op 3a Mnaga jy^HocnoBeHcKa unu 6anKaHcKa 3aeMKa (eKBUBaneHT 3a npacn. *g&r&n; cTapocn. ^pbHe^b) og poMaHcKo noTeKno (pyM. olana -roneMo rpHe).19 Bo KoHTeKcT Ha HamuoT koh^tct Ha ugeHTU^UKa^uja Ha cagoBUTe co pogunHUTe opraHu Ha ^eHaTa, hm ce huhu BpegHa 3a gucKycuja BpcKaTa Ha oBoj 36op co TepMUHoT n0H0, no3HaT bo noBeKeTo cnoBeHcKU ja3u^u. Bo hub, Toj ru o3HanyBa npeg ce ^eHcKUTe reHUTanuu, ogHocHo pogunHUTe opraHu, c^aTeHU bo KoHKpeTHa cMucna (KaKo BynBa, MaTKa, ny6uHHa 3oHa), ho u bo nomupoKa - KaKo gen og TenoTo bo Koj ce Tue cMecTeHU (goneH gen Ha Top3oTo, cToMaK, yTpo6a, cKyT). Ce npegnara peKoHcTpy^ujaTa: *lono < *log-sno, koh uctuot KopeH KaKo u *log, lože, ložesna (yTe-pyc). nocpegHo, co oBoj 36op ce o3HanyBaaT u gpyru genoBU Ha TenoTo, kom cnopeg cBojoT U3rneg unu ^yH^uja (npuMaae T.e. Hoceae HemTo bo ce6e) anygupaaT Ha ^eH-cKUTe reHUTanuu (na3yBa, on^aT Ha pa^Te, rpcT T.e. namKa HanpaBeHa co gnaHKUTe). MaKo coMHUTenHo, bo HamuoT cnynaj Mo«e ga 6uge UHTepecHo u 6yrapcKoTo nam -KaKo MecTo Kage ne^u ^utoto Koe e noKoceHo, ho ce ymTe He e Bp3aHo.20 Bo oBaa nuHa go6po ce BKnonyBa u *luna, KaKo 6anTo-cnoBeHcKU, cecnoBeHcKU u npacnoBeHcKU TepMUH 3a MecenuHa, c^aTeHa KaKo He6ecKo Teno.21 BpcKaTa Ha MecenuHaTa u ^eHcKUTe reHUTanuu, Mo»e go6po ga ce onpaBga npeKy UHTep^epeH^ujaTa Ha MeceneBUTe MeHU co MeHcTpyanHuoT ^UKnyc kom, Bp3 ocHoBa Ha npoHajgeHU apxeonomKU Haogu, 6une HyMepuHKU cnegeHU, ymTe bo naneonuTcKuoT nepuog.22 Kapn^a. BeKe HanoMHaBMe geKa bo jy^HocnoBeHcKUTe ja3u^u, oBoj KaKo u npeTxogHuoT TepMUH ce ogHecyBa Ha gBaTa BeKe HaBegeHU acneKTU. Og egHa cTpaHa, ro o3HanyBa genoT og TenoTo bo Koj ce cMecTeHU reHUTanHUTe opraHu (goneH gen Ha Top3oTo, KonKoBU, 6egpa) u og gpyra, Ha3UB e 3a pa3HU BugoBU cagoBu, u oBoj naT rnaB-ho U3pa6oTeHU og gpBo. HajnecTo ce pa6oTU 3a U3gon^eHU u nonnuTKU cagoBu, bo Bug Ha KopuTo, U3gna6eHU bo egHo napne gpBo unu cKnoneHU og gacKU (BapujaHTu: Kapnu^tt, KapnaBa). HajnecTo ce HaMeHeTU 3a Meceae u KBaceae Ha ne6oT, nogroToB-Ka Ha KajMaK u gpyru Mne^HU npou3Bogu, xpaHeae u noeae Ha go6uToKoT, unu KaKo 19 O. H. Tpy6aneB, ^TUMono^unecKUM ... , (*lonbcb); P. Skok, Etimologijski ... , (lonac); B^nrapcKU eTUMon ... , (noneu,; &bpue). 20 O. H. Tpy6aneB, ^TUMono^unecKUM ... , (*lono); B^nrapcKU eTUMon ... , (nono). 21 P. Skok, Etimologijski ... , (luna); O. H. Tpy6aneB, ^TUMono^unecKUM ... , (*luna; cTapocnoBeHcKU noyna). Mo®e6u, bo oBaa cMucna 3acny®yBa BHUMaHue u pena^ujaTa Mery ¿pneu, u *grana / *granb / *granb, bo kohtckct Ha 3HaneaaTapacmeme, co3peBame, eKcnamuja, umame (3a nocnegHUBe TepMUHU, Bugu: O. H. Tpy6aneB, ^TUMono^unecKUM ... ). 22 B. A. OponoB, Hucna ... , 125-146. 104 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob nereH 3a 3aMMBaae. TaKBM npuMepu ce 3a6ene»:eHM bo Cp6uja, XpBaTcKa, Byrapuja u MaKegoHuja. Co oBoj Ha3MB ce HapeKyBaaT u gpyru npegMeTM kom „HocaT bo ce6e Hem-to": - MepKa 3a ^mto; - bo HeKou cpncKu u xpBaTcKM roBopu Kapnu^ 3Hanu u naMe^ - bo KycTeHguncKo, TaKa ce HapeKyBan gpBeHuoT gen og cegnoTo; - bo HeKou 6yrapcKu roBopu, KKpnHMKa 3Hanu nynamKa; - goneH gen Ha rycnu (bo Bug Ha 3ao6neHa, gpBeHa 3gena, noKpueHa co Ko^a). Ha „MaKpoKocMMHKo" T.e. reoMop^onomKo hmbo, Kapnu^ o3HanyBa TepeH bo Bug Ha M3gon^eHa gonuHa T.e. KoTnuHa (^opMupaHa oKony peKa unu noToK) Koja e oTBopeHa bo gonHuoT Kpaj.23 reHe3aTa Ha HaBegeHMBe TepMMHM, mct-pa^yBanuTe ja Bp3yBaaT 3a repMaHcKoTo Karle u kar (cag, naHM^), npe3eMeHo u bo po-MaHcKuoT, KaKo carlita (KonaHKa, Kopura;e).24 Bo HamuoT cnynaj e oco6eHo Ba^Ho mTo co oBoj TepMMH, noKpaj reHMTanHaTa 3oHa Ha TenoTo, ce o3HanyBaaT u gpBeHMTe cagoBu (hokbm), bo kom ce KBacen u HapacHyBan ne6oT. Bo Taa cMucna, cMeTaMe geKa Mo«e ga 6uge MHTepeceH u TepMMHoT KapnuK, Koj, bo pycKuoT u HeKou gpyru cnoBeHcKu ja3M^M (noncKu karelek, karlyc, karzelek), o3HanyBa geTe u / unu yyye, ho m yyyecTM mmtckm nuKoBu co KapaKTep Ha npanyre (aHanorao u bo repMaHcKuoT karal, karl 3Hanu geTe). Bo TyKa npegno^eHuoT KoHTeKcT, oBoj TepMMH 6u Mo^en ga ce npoTonKyBa KaKo „oHoj Koj e bo / og Kapnu^Ta", unu o6paTHo, Kapnu^ - KaKo MecTo Kage ce Haora „KapnuK" T.e. geTe. Bo cnoBeHcKMTe npegaHuja, yyyuaaTa Hecro ce no^MpaaT nog 3eMja, nog no-goT Ha KyKaTa, oKony unu bo ne^KaTa, ho m bo ge^aTa - gpBeH cag 3a Meceae Ha ne6oT, aHanoreH Ha Kapnu^Ta (Bugu HaTaMy).25 Ta3. Bo pycKuoT ja3MK, oBoj 36op ce ogHecyBa Ha ucTMTe gBe BeKe HaBegeHM 3Haneaa: - Kapnu^, KaKo goneH gen og Top3oTo; - cag, HajnecTo bo ^opMa Ha nereH.26 Eo^Ba, 6o^Ka. Co pa3HM BapujaHTM Ha oBue Ha3MBM, bo cnoBeHcKMTe ja3M^M ce o3HanyBa noroneM gpBeH cag T.e. 6ype (MaK. óouBa, 6yr. 6wBa, cpxp. óanBa, cnoB. backa, pyc. u yKp. 6ouKa, nem. becka, becva, non. beczka). OBue BapujaHTM ce cMeTaaT 3a gepuBaTM Ha cTapocnoBeHcKMTe *b^cy, *bvcve < *bvkve, kom naK, og cBoja cTpaHa ce noBp3yBaaT (HeKage u reHeTcKu) co aHanorHM repMaHcKM u naTMHcKM TepMMHM. Ha ^yH^uoHanHo hmbo (KaKo o6jeKT Koj npuMa HemTo bo ce6e) e MHTepeceH u MaK. óoBna, 6yr. 6oxna, KaKo TepMMH 3a nnaTHo bo Koe e co6paHa u Bp3aHa o6neKa (TypcKa 3aeMKa, Mo^e6u co MHgoeBponcKo T.e. nepcucKo noTeKno). Ha TenecHo hmbo, aHanorHM TepMMHM ru o3HanyBaaT eneMeHTMTe Ha o6neKaTa, a nocpegHo u Ha opraHMTe bo reHMTanHaTa 3oHa (cToMaK, nojac, Ho3e): MaK. u 6yr. óenBu - nopanu, manBapu; pyc. u yKp. óeneBa, óeniBKa - nojac, peMeH, neHTa, BpBKa. MaKo co mo«ho MTancKo unu rp^Ko noTeKno, mh-TepecHo e u 6yr. 6o^a, bo 3Haneae Ha Begpo 3a MneKo, ho m ge6ena ^eHa (uHguKaTMBHo e u cnoB. boca - TMKBa; *bocina - ucnaKHaTMHa; aHrn. bucket - Ko^a; cTaporepM. buch -cToMaK). HagBop og c^epaTa Ha TenoTo u apTe^aKTMTe, oBue KopeHM ru HaoraMe bo gBa TepMMHM. npBuoT e pyc. 6o^a^a / 6o^a^ / 6a^e^ - bo 3Haneae Ha gna6HaTMHa bo 3eMjaTa unu jaMa bo KopuToTo Ha peKaTa, kom ce ucnonHeTM co Boga. BTopo e MaK. 6aBna, 6yr. u pyc. 6axna, bo 3Haneae Ha 3enemyKoBa u oBomHa rpaguHa (3aeMKa og Typ. bahge, co nepcucKo noTeKno). C^epaTa Ha cToMaKoT, a nocpegHo u reHMTanuuTe u no^BaTa, 23 B^nrapcKM eTMMon ... , (Kapnuu,a, K^pnamKa); Pe^HMK cpncKoxpBaTcKor ... , (KapnaBa, Kapnuu,a); Rjecnik hrvatskoga ... , (karlica); 3a ^eHcKMTe acneKTM Ha 6pogoT T.e. HaMe^oT: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 197, 198. 24 P. Skok, Etimologijski ... , (karlica); BtnrapcKM eTMMon ... , (Kapnuu,a). 25 M. OacMep, ^TMMono^MqecKMM ... , (KapnuK); Bugu u CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTM ... , 2, 470-473. 26 M. OacMep, ^TMMono^MqecKMM ... , (ma3). 105 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a ru o6eguHyBa rnaronoT *bociti se / *box^teti, Koj ogpa3yBa Tonopeae, npneae, 6yjHo pacTeae, 36yBHyBaae, u3o6uncTBo.27 BemiiKa, 6emuK. Bo cpnxpB. u MaKeg. ja3uK, TepMuHoT 6emuKa, a bo pyc. 6emuxa, o3HanyBa Meyp, u Toa: - MoneH Meyp Kaj TOBeKoT u ^MBoTHMTe; - Bo3gymeH Meyp bo Te-hoto Ha pu6uTe; - Meyp co onHa, bo 3agHuoT gen Ha BapeHoTo jaj^; - Meyp npu Bpueae Ha BogaTa; - Meyp og canyHu^; - Meyp Ha Ko^aTa (nnycKaBe^, otok. npu Toa, oBue Tep-muhu ce Bp3yBaaT (gypu u reHeTcKu) co poM. u Mong. basica, besica, ogHocHo naT. vessica (co ucto unu chuhho 3Haneae). Ho, 6emuKa unu 6emuK (xunoKopucHuK 6ema), bo He-kou roBopu og Cp6uja, BocHa u Byrapuja, ucto TaKa o3HanyBa u geTcKa nynKa (HajnecTo gpBeHa, bo Bug Ha KopuTo). npu Toa e MomHe uHguKaTuBHo mTo oBoj TepMuH, u noKpaj cnu^HocTa co npeTxogHuoT ce onpegenyBa KaKo Typ^u3aM, co ocMaHcKo noTeKno (Typ. be§ik - bo 3Haneae Ha nynKa). CMeTaMe geKa, HacnpoTu pa3nuHHoTo noTeKno, u oBue KaKo u npeTxogHuTe TyKa o6pa6oTeHu TepMuHu ru o6eguHyBa ceMamuKaTa pena^uja „^eHa - MaTKa - cag" (bo cnynajoB nynKa). Ha Toa 6u ynaTyBane HeKonKy apryMeHTu u xunoTe3u. Bo Kocobo u MeToxuja, npugaBKaTa 6emuhHa, ce ogHecyBa Ha 6peMeHa ^eHa, mTo Mo«e ga uM^nu^upa pena^uja Mery 6e6eTo bo nynKaTa u ^eTycoT bo MaTKaTa, npu mTo 6emu-KaTa Mo«e ga ce ogHecyBa Ha mohhuot Meyp KaKo eKBuBaneHT Ha MaTKaTa, unu naK - ymTe noBepojaTHo - Ha KomynKama T.e. BogeHuoT Meyp bo Koj pacre ^eTycoT u Ha nocmenKa-ma (nna^HTa). CaKpanu3upaHuoT ceMejHo - pogoBcKu KapaKTep Ha 6emuKaTa - nynKa u Hej3uHaTa pena^uja co gpyruTe, TyKa o6pa6oTeHu cagoBu, ro noTBpgyBaaT gBa ^aKTu: - KaKo u ^pe^HaTa u ge^aTa, Taa He cMee ga ce no3ajMyBa; - goKonKy bo KyKaTa HeMano TaKBa nynKa, HoBopogeH^eTo 6uno nerHyBaHo bo Kopum;e, Kapnu^ unu bo hokbu. Bo He-kou cpncKu roBopu, TepMuHoT 6emuKa, o3HanyBa u nnuTKa u TecHa 6pa3ga, HaMeHeTa 3a cageae KoMnup, mTo (KaKo u bo npeTxogHuTe u HapegHu npuMepu) ro ogpa3yBa MaKpo-kocmuhkuot pogunHo - nnogoHoceH acneKT Ha oBoj TepMuH, ogHocHo ugeHTu^uKa^ujaTa Ha ^eHcKuTe reHuTanuu co ogpegeHu gnanKu T.e. oTBopu bo 3eMjaTa.28 fle^a. KaKo mTo BugoBMe, bo HeKou cnoBeHcKu ja3u^u, oBoj Ha3uB o3HanyBa pa3-hu no ^opMa cagoBu, HajnecTo u3pa6oTeHu og gpBo, a HaMeHeTu 3a MneKo, Macno u oco6eHo 3a Meceae u KBaceae Ha ne6oT. HeKage, oBoj TepMuH ce npeHen u Ha caMaTa cogp^uHa mTo ce Haorana bo ge^aTa (3aMeceHo TecTo, Bug jageae og MneKo, Boga u KBace^. OBoj Ha3uB, npeKy ^opMaTa *dez-ja, ce cTaBa bo pena^uja co gpeBHouHguc-koto deht (6paH). Bo KoHTeKcT co pacTeaeTo Ha ne6oT bo BaKBuTe cagoBu, ce nuHaT bo3mo^hu pena^uuTe co *dega / *deg-b; *deg^ljb, *deglb, *degnoti (cuna, pacTeae, uTaae u oco6eHo - eKcnaH3uja, ycoBpmyBaae, nogo6pyBaae). He ce ucKnyneHu u ogpegeHu nonoBu KOHOTa^uu: ^e^HO, ^e^no = Mnen (ceMe) og pu6a; ^e^ne^, ^x^ne^ = Ma^jaK og pu6a; ^e^a, dma = Ko^eH nojac, peMeH (nojac = MaTKa, reHuTanuu?).29 Hokbm, HahBe. npeTcTaByBa jy^HocnoBeHcKu eKBuBaneHT 3a dexa u Kapnuu,a (3acTaneH u bo noncKuoT, KaKo niecka), Koj o3HanyBa gpBeH cag, u3gna6eH og egHo gpBo unu cocTaBeH og gacKu, HepeTKo nocTaBeH Ha HorapKu. Cny^en npeg cé bo npo^coT 27 B^nrapcKu eTuMon ... , (6axua, 6ohkü, 6mea, 6eueu, 6oxmü, 6ou,a); M. OacMep, ^TUMono^mecKUM ... , (6oh-Ka, 6oua¿a, 6eveea); O. H. Tpyóa^eB, ^TUMono^mecKUM ... , (*baceg, *bocina, *bociti se, *boxtoteti). 28 P. Skok, Etimologijski ... , (besika); M. OacMep, ^TUMono^mecKUM ... , (6emuxa). B^nrapcKu eTuMon ... , (6emuK); Pe^HuK cpncKoxpBaTcKor ... , (6emuKa, 6emuK, 6emuKuu,a); H. BnarojeBuh, Oómaju ... , 225. 3a MarucKuTe acneKTu Ha KomynKama u nocmenKama: A. A. nnoTHuKoBa, „Pyóame^Ka" ... , 158 - 164. 29 3a oggenHuTe TepMuHu (6e3 TyKa npegno^eHuTe rnoóanHu BpcKu): O. H. Tpyóa^eB, ^TUMono^mecKUM ... , (deza, dega, degtljb, deg(ib)no, degnoti). Bugu u: Slownik praslowianski ... , (deza). 106 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob Ha M3pa6oTKa Ha ne6oT (Meceae, KBaceae, pacreae npeg neHeaeTo), ho m KaKO cag 3a gpyru ^yH^uu. Mo^HMTe pena^MM co nnogoHocHMTe ^yH^uu Ha »:eHaTa, Tpe6a ga ce 6apaaT bo TepMUHoT nahBema, KaKO norpgeH Ha3MB 3a ge6ena ^eHa co mMpoKM 6okobm m Mo^e6M, bo ynoTpe6aTa KaKo MMe Ha neTen m KoKomKa (nahBap, nahBapa). Ce Bp3yBa 3a cTapocn. nbštvy, Koe e bo pena^Mja co repMaHCKoTo Nachen (KopuTo) m naTMH. navis (6pog, Kopa6).30 KaKo m bo npeTxogHMTe cnynau, ce pa6oTM 3a pa3HM o6jeKTM kom (KaKo m ^eHcKUTe pogunHM opraHu) „HocaT bo ce6e HemTo". Ce npamyBaMe, ganu UMa MecTo, bo paMKUTe Ha TyKa npuMeHeTuoT KoHTeKcT (oco6eHo naTUH. navis = naMe^ ho Mo^e6u U3BopHo m gpBeH cag), 3a noBp3yBaae Ha oBue 36opoBU co TepMUHoT neBecma? Ko6a, Ko6wna. Bo noBeKe cnoBeHcKU ja3M^M, BapMja^MMTe Ha oBue TepMUHU ce BKnyneHU bo Ha3UBUTe Ha pa3HU cagoBU (u bo oboj cnynaj, HajnecTo gpBeHU u co oBanHa ^opMa), co ceKaKBa HaMeHa (oTTyKa, Ha npuMep e u Ka6en, Ka6nuu,a, Koifia). Mcto TaKa, cogp^aH e u bo Ha3UBUTe 3a pa3HU nneTeHU KomeBM, ho m Top6u (kufa, cofa, og Kage, Mery gpyroTo goara u Ky$ep). 03HanyBaaT u npocTop T.e. ^UBeanumTe 3a ^UBoTHUTe (Ko6aua - KaKo Ka^e3, KoKomapHUK, mTana, cBuaapHMK, Mana co6a, ho m nrunje rae3-go). TepMUHoT Ko6una, Mery gpyroTo o3HanyBa u Knyna 3a ocygeHM^M, gogeKa Ko6en - Bug Ha cTon. M oBue npegMeTU ru Bp3yBa HUBHaTa mynnuBocT u ^ktot mTo HocaT bo ce6e HemTo (gypu u KoHKpeTHo - ^mbothm m nyre). Cogp^aHU ce u bo Ha3UBUTe 3a ne6 (cnoBeHcKUTe: Kono6, Kono6an, rp^KoTo KoXXa^oq), ho m 3a BapeHa meHM^ (ko^ubo). BuonomKaTa T.e. pogunHaTa KoMnoHeHTa Ha oboj KopeH e cogp^aHa bo TepMHoT Ko6una (^eHKa og Koa), Koj bo ogpegeHU cnynau u BapujaHTM ce ogHecyBa u Ha ^eHKU og gpy-ru ^mbothm, ho m Ha ^eHa BoonmTo (non. kobieta - ^eHa, geBojKa). Bo oBoj KoHTeKcT e UHTepeceH u rnaronoT KBauu, Koj e bo pena^Mja co un-Ky6a^uja, a nopagu BpcKaTa co nogMnagoKoT - u Konu6enb (nynKa 3a 6e6uaa). KaKo u bo cnynajoT Mery Kapnu^ -KapnuK m TyKa e Mo^Ha ucTaTa BpcKa: Koča / Kočana (MaTKa / cag) u kobolda (Ha3UB 3a goMamHU yyyecru gyxoBU, 3a6ene^eH Kaj 3anagHUTe CnoBeHu).31 Bu 6uno UHTepecHo, bo oBaa cMucna ga ce npoynaT pena^MMTe co go6po no3HaTuoT ^purucKM TeoHUM Km-6ena / Ky6a6a (co cTapo6anKaHcKo T.e. 6purucKo noTeKno), Koj ce ogHecyBa Ha 6o»:m^ co KapaKTep Ha MajKa - PogunKa.32 CuM6onuHKaTa pena^Mja „MaTKa - cag 3a npou3BogcTBo Ha ne6" e MM^nM^MTHO npucyTHa m bo HeKou jy^HocnoBeHcKU HapogHU TpagM^MM, noBp3aHU co o6pegHUTe ne6oBU, hmbhoto cuM6onuHKo 3HaneaeTe m Ha3UBUTe. TaKBU ce Ha npuMep o6pegHUTe ne6oBU „MnageH^M", kom bo ogpegeHU genoBU Ha geHemHa Byrapuja ce U3pa6oTyBaaT bo BpeMe Ha ucTouMeHuoT npa3HMK, ogp^yBaH bo TeKoT Ha Mece^ MapT. OTKaKo Ke ce 3a-Mecu (oKony 4 nacoT HayTpo) m HapacHe, TecToTo ce genu Ha 40 egHaKBM genoBM, og kom noToa ce npaBaT 3ace6HM nennuaa kom m co cBojoT M3rneg Ha 6e6e, noBueHo bo neneHa, ro onpaBgyBaaT HaBegeHuoT Ha3MB (MnageHe^ = geTe / 6e6e).33 MMaMe MHgM^MM 3a npucycTBo Ha oBue cuM6onuHKM pena^MM m bo gpyru ja3M^M. TaKoB e Ha npuMep cnynajoT co aHrnucKuoT, Kage 6peMeHocTa Ha ^eHaTa MeTa^opuHHo 30 PeHHMK cpncKoxpBaTcKor ... , (nahBa - HaheBa); P. Skok, Etimologijski ... , (nacve). 31 P. Skok, Etimologijski ... , (koba, kobača); F. Slawski, Slownik etymologiczny ... , (kobiala - kobielič)t M. Oac-Mep, ^TMMono^MHecKMM ... , (Ko6una, kojio6, Kono6aH, Konu6enb); F. Bezlaj, Etimološki ... , (kobel, kobila). 3a gyxoT kobalda: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTM ... 2, 470. 32 nnuTKM 3ao6neHM cagoBM, M3gna6eHM og gpBo ce KoHcTaTupaHM ymTe Ha HajcTapuTe HeonuTcKM noKanuTe-tm (npuMepu og HaTan Xuyx bo Mana A3uja: J. Mellaart, Čatal Huyuk ... , Fig. 55:1, 2; Pl. 105-108). 33 B. KapTaneBa, TpagM^MOHHMaT ... , 44. 107 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a ce O3HaHyBa co ^pa3aTa „to have a bun in the oven" - Koja 6yKBanHO 3HaHU „da ce uma 3euuHKa (Konaue, neme) bo neuKama (pepHama)".34 - ApxeonomKM ^aKTM TparuTe Ha ugeHTU^UKa^ujaTa Mery cagoT u MaTKaTa, T.e. ^eHaTa, ce MaHU^ec-Tupane u bo gpyruTe c^epu Ha KynTypaTa. Og egHa cTpaHa Toa e U3rnegoT Ha cagoBUTe, kom ymTe og HeonuTcKUOT nepuog 6une o6nuKyBaHU bo Bug Ha ^urypa Ha ^eHa, unu bo ^opMa Ha ^eHcKu reHUTanuu (BynBa, MaTKa). Og gpyra - cTaHyBa 36op 3a o6pegu (koh-cTaTupaHu co apxeonomKUTe ucKonyBaaa) npu kom, bo cagoBu ce nono^yBaHu ge^ bo ^03u^uja Ha ^eTyc. CagoBMTe bo ^opMa Ha «eHCKa ^urypa, MaTKa mhm BynBa. BaKBu cagoBu, oco-6eHo HecTO ce jaByBaaT bo HeonuTcKUOT nepuog. TyKa uMaMe npuMepu Kora cagoT ro 3agp^yBa cBojoT ^yH^uoHaneH o6nuK, npu mTo ^eHcKaTa KoMnoHeHTa e 3acTaneHa npeKy npeTcTaBaTa Ha HOBeHKU nuK, npuKa^aH bo ropHuoT gen (nog BeHe^T Ha cagoT), a HeKoram u npeKy gBe ucnannyBaaa bo ropHuoT gen Ha cTOMaKOT, kom O3HanyBaaT gojKu. MaKO nopeTKO, no3HaTu ce u npuMepu Kage cagoT ja npeTcTaByBa caMO gonHaTa nonoBUHa Ha ^eHcKOTO Teno, co cTOMaKOT KonoBUTe u HO3eTe /T.III:6,7/. MMa u cagoBu 3a Kou ce npeTnocTaByBa geKa, co cBojoT o6nuK UMane 3a ^n ga ja npeTcTaBaT ^opMaTa Ha MaTKaTa unu naK, hmbhmot otbop Tpe6ano ga anygupa Ha BynBa. OBaa cuM6onuHKa ugeHTU^UKa^uja Morena ga 6uge KogupaHa u npeKy pa3HU nuKOBHU motubu (cnuKU unu ugeorpaMM co ^eHcKO 3Haneae) Bpe^aHU unu HacnuKaHU Ha sugoBUTe Ha cagoT.35 Bo KOHTeKcT Ha TyKa o6pa6oTeHUTe ^pe^HU, MO^aT ga 6ugaT UHTepecHU u KuKnagc-KUTe KynTHU npegMeTU o^opMeHU bo Bug Ha nnuTKU „Tencuu" unu „TaBu", co Kpy^eH Kopnyc u gBe paHKU /T.III:1-4/. HuBHaTa ocHOBa e o6nuKyBaHa bo Bug Ha cxeMaTU3U-paHa ^eHcKa ^urypa, npuKa^aHa og nojacoT Hagony, co HarnaceHU 3ao6neHU KonKO-bu u cManeHU HO3e. ^^hckmot KapaKTep e oco6eHO a^eHTupaH npeKy npeTcTaBaTa Ha BynBa, npucyTHa Ha HeKOu ^puMepo^u. Bpe^aHaTa opHaMeHTUKa Ha HeKOu BaKBu cagoBu ynaTyBa Ha MaKpoKocMUHKUOT KapaKTep Ha npuKa^aHaTa ^eHcKa ^urypa T.e. Hej3UHOTO U3egHaqyBaae co MajKaTa - 3eMja (npeTcTaBa Ha Mope co 6paHOBU u nar a bo npegenoT Ha a6goMeHOT; rpaHHuaa noKpaj BynBaTa /T.III: 1/). ^yKcy3HaTa U3pa6oTKa Ha OBue npegMeTU ja OT^pna MO^HocTa 3a HUBHa eBeHTyanHa ynoTpe6a KaKO cagoBu 3a roTBeae, kou 6une gupeKTHO bo KOHTaKT co orHOT, ho He ro ucKnynyBa KopucreaeTO KaKO cagoBu co HeKaKBa gpyra (oco6eHO KynTHa) HaMeHa. Bo KOHTeKcT Ha norope npu-Ka^aHUTe Te3U u ^eHcKUOT U3rneg Ha OBue cagoBu, He 6u ja ucKnynune MO^HocTa geKa ce pa6oTeno 3a hokbu, ogHocHO cagoBu bo kou TecTOTO, nocne KBaceaeTO ce ocTaBano ga HapacHe. OTKpueHU ce u otuhhu ho nogna6oKU cagoBu, kou HajBepojaTHO cny^ene KaKO Ka^a^u /T.III:5/. CygejKu cnopeg o6nuKOT, Tue KaKO u BpmHUKOT, 6u Morene ga ja cuM6onu3upaaT He6ecKaTa KanoTa mTo ro noKpuBana cagoT - 3acTanHUK Ha 3eMjaTa.36 34 M. Bilbija, Kult kruha ... . 35 fleTanHO 3a OBa Bugu r. HayMOB, CagoT ... , (cTaTuja bo uctuob 36opHUK). EgeH BaKOB cag og yHrapuja, u noKpaj roneMUTe cnuHHocra, M. ruM6yTac He ro ugeHTU^UKyBa gupeKTHO co MaTKaTa, TyKy KaKO neHKa 3a ne6, ho npeKy npuKa^aHUOT nanoK, cenaK ro noBp3yBa co cTOMaKOT Ha 6peMeHaTa Bo®u^a (M. Gimbutas, he Language ... , 148, Fig. 228); B. A. Pbi6aKOB, ^3. gp. CnaBaH ... , 167-173; 3a 6poH3eHU aMyneTU bo Bug Ha MMHujaTypHU aHTponoMop^U3upaHU cagoBu og ®ene3HOTO BpeMe bo MaKegoHuja: H. Haycuguc, Cum-6onuKaTa ... , 71-78. 108 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob norpeöaHM unu ^pTByBaHu bo cagoBu. BaKBu Haogu ce KoHcTaTupaHu Ha HeonMTcKMTe u HapegHUTe npegucTopucKu noKanuTeTM og BanKaHoT, BnucKuoT Mctok m nomupoKo, npu mTo ge^Ta ce HajnecTo nocTaBeHU bo no3a Ha ^eTyc. BaKBaTa noc-TanKa Morena ga 6uge MoTUBupaHa og norpe6yBaaeTo Ha BeKe noHMHaToTo geTe, unu naK og HeroBoTo HaMepHo y6uBaae, ogHocHo :«pTByBaae.37 ypHM u norpeÔHM nuTocu. CuM6onuHKaTa pena^Mja MaTKa I pogunKa = cag He e BKnyneHa caMo bo c^epaTa Ha geTcKUTe »pTByBaaa u norpe6yBaaa, TyKy bo HapegHUTe nepuogu e MaHM^ecTupaHa u hm3 ypHUTe, HaMeHeTU 3a KpeMupaHUTe nocMpTHU ocTa-TO^M Ha Bo3pacHU ^0K0jHM^M, KaKo m roneMUTe norpe6HU cagoBU (nuTocu) KopucTeHU 3a MHxyMa^Mja. OBoj acneKT e cogp^aH m bo HeKou cnoBeHcKU npegaHuja Kage ce HaBe-gyBa o6uqajoT, nyreTo bo ogMUHaTa cTapocT ga ce y6uBaaT bo 6ype.38 - OöpegHu Tpagu^uu BaKBu ^opMU Ha MgeHTM^MKa^Mja Mery cagoT u ^eHaTa T.e. 6o:«M^Ta ce jaByBaaT m bo puTyanuTe, og kom egeH e 3a6ene^eH u bo MaKegoHuja. GraHyBa 36op 3a o6pegoT „MBaHKa" bo Koj, geBojKU nonHaT Ha U3Bop Kyn co Boga, Koro noToa ro o6neKyBaaT KaKo HeBecTa. no HoceaeTo bo npo^cuja m npeHoKyBaaeTo Ha oTBopeH npocTop, KyKnaTa ce pacTypa, a BogaTa ce KopucTU 3a o6pegHo npcKaae m nueae.39 TaKBo 3Haneae, cagoT hocm m bo HeKou o6pegu bo MHguja, Kage nocToene m c^e^M^MHHM 36opoBU kom o3Ha-qyBane Bo:«M^-cag.40 Bo jy^HocnoBeHcKMTe cBag6eHM o6uHau, Ha pa3HM HanuHM cagoT ja 3acTanyBan HeBecTaTa, na gypu m KoHKpeTHo Hej3MHUTe reHMTanuu (Bugu HaTaMy). MomHe eKcnnu-^MTH0, Toa e ogpa3eHo bo o6uqajoT, nocne npBaTa 6pa^Ha hok poguTenuTe Ha HeBecTaTa ga 6ugaT nocny^eHM co ^pBeHa paKuja, cTaBeHa bo cag nue rpno e 3aTHaTo co ja6onKo (= nnog bo yTpo6aTa). npu Toa, cagoT ce 3aBUTKyBan bo KomynaTa Ha HeBecTaTa (HoceHa 3a BpeMe Ha npBaTa 6pa^Ha hok) m ce yKpacyBan co Hej3MHuoT repgaH.41 6) ^pe^Ha - ne^Ka - MaTKa CornegaHo og ^opManeH m ^yH^uoHaneH acneKT, m ne^KaTa T.e. ^ypHaTa ce egeH Bug cagoBM kom, KaKo m MaTKaTa, npuMaaT bo ce6e ogpegeHM cogp^MHU m ru npeT-BopaaT bo ycoBpmeHM MaTepuu. Toa e ne^KaTa 3a neneae ne6 m gpyru BugoBM xpaHa, MeTanyprucKaTa ne^Ka m ne^KaTa 3a KepaMMKa. Og npegucTopujaTa go coBpeMeHuoT ^onKnop, bo pa3HM genoBM Ha nnaHeTaBa ce 3anyBaHU 6pojHM npuMepu kom ja goKa^y-BaaT oBaa cuM6onuHKa pena^Mja.42 36 Ochobhm ^0gaT0^M 3a oBoj Tun npegMeTu: R. Higgins, Minoan ... , 54, 55 (aBTopoT ru onumyBa KaKo npeT-cTaBM Ha MaTKa); M. Gimbutas, he Language ... , 101-102; gpyru npuMepu: H. Muller-Karpe, Handbuch ... , III, Taf. 362: 1-8. 3a KocMonomKaTa MKoHorpa^uja Ha oBue cagoBM: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 150,151. 37 fleTanHo 3a oBue Haogu: r. HayMoB, CagoT ... . 38 3a ypHMTe m norpeÓHMTe nuTocu: r. HayMoB, CagoT ... ; 3a yÔMBaaeTo Ha cTap^MTe: H. H. Bene^Kaja, Mho-roôo^a^Ka ... , 108 (bo oBoj oôu^aj, aBTopoT ro 6apa onpaBgyBaaeTo 3a npecTojoT Ha rp^KuoT 4>uno3o^ fluoreH bo 6ype). 39 r. H. KucenuHoB, MBaHKa ... , 52 - 55. Bugu m: r. HayMoB, CagoT ... ; H. Haycuguc, CuMÓonuKaTa ... , 72,73. 40 fleTanHo 3a oBue Haogu: r. HayMoB, CagoT ... . 41 E. C. y3eHeBa, „BtiBa ... , 154. 42 Bugu r. HayMoB, CagoT ... . 109 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTUHKa aHanu3a *** CornegyBajKu ru bo BaKOB KOHTeKCT TyKa npuKamaHUTe Tpagu^uu 3a ^pe^HaTa, CTaHyBa jaCHa nCuxonomKo - MOTUBa^ucKaTa nuHuja Koja CToena 3ag meHCKuoT KOMn-neKC Ha o6pegHo-MarucKOTo npou3BogcTBo u KopucTeaeTo Ha ^pe^HUTe, u Toa KaKo npodoMMenue na óuonowKume $yn^uu na Menama eo c$epume na npou3eoócmeo-mo u ucxpanama. OBoj 6uonomKu acneKT e HajHenocpegHo ogpa3eH bo HeKou nocTan-Ku npu oópegHOTo npou3BogcTBo Ha ^pe^HUTe. fleBCTBeHOCT. fleBCTBeHoCTa e egeH og ycnoBUTe, meHUTe ga 3anoHHaT ga npo-u3BegyBaaT ^pe^HU. Toa Mo»e ga UM^nu^upa geKa Tue, co npaBeaeTo Ha ^pe^HaTa (KOHKpeTHo - Ha npBaTa ^pe^Ha), ja uHBecTupaaT T.e. TpaHcnoHupaaT concTBeHaTa geB-CTBeHoCT (T.e. HenoTpomeHaTa nnogoHoCHa cuna) bo Hea, TaKa mTo Taa ce npeTBopa bo egeH Bug enu^aHuja Ha HUBHaTa MaTKa, unu rno6anHo - HUBHaTa meHCKoCT, ogHoCHo pogunHUTe ^yH^uu. Bo oBaa CMucna Mo»e ga ce o6jacHu u a^eHTupaHuoT caKpaneH KapaKTep Ha npBaTa og ^pe^HUTe, u3pa6oTeHu bo egHa KaMnaraa. OTTyKa u bo o6uHajoT og KyneBumTe, „HOBeHe" ce CTaBa caMo Ha npBaTa ^pe^Ha. Bo egeH ucKa3 (go6ueH og Mam bo flpaneBo Kaj CKonje) ce npaBu gupeKTHa napanena Mery „nyKHaTUTe" (ge^no-pupaHu) meHu u nyKHaTUTe ^pe^HU, mTo ja UM^nu^upa pena^ujaTa: ,^ena (deBcmBeHa) MeHa - ^na (mnyKHama) ^enHa". OBue 3HaHeaa ru ogpa3yBaaT u o6uHauTe, HegeBC-TBeHoCTa Ha HeBecTaTa unu huhot Ha Hej3UHaTa ge^nopa^uja, bo TeKOT Ha CBag6eHaTa ^peMOHuja ga ce noKamyBa npeKy Bep6anHo u3egHanyBaae co CKpemeHuoT cag, npeKy o6pegHo Kpmeae Ha cag unu npeKy cnymeae Ha rocTUTe bo cagoBu co gynHaTo gHo.43 BaKBOTo 3HaHeae, um gaBa Ha ^pe^HUTe KapaKTep Ha eneMeHTu kou npunaraaT Ha KyKaTa, pogoT, ceMejcTBOTo u ^yH^uoHupaaT caMo bo Tue paMKu. Bo oBoj koh-TeKCT, gaBaaeTo ^pe^Ha bo gpyra KyKa 6u 3HaHeno ogneBaae Ha nnogHoCTa og KyKaTa u ceMejcTBOTo, na gypu u npoMuCKyuTeT. KaKo mTo BugoBMe, OBue KBanu^uKaTUBu MomaT ga ce ogHecyBaaT u Ha gemaTa. OgpegeH ogHoc Mery ^pe^HaTa u meHaTa, T.e. Hej3UHUTe reHUTanuu, e ogpa3eH u bo HapegHUTe gBa o6uHau noBp3aHu co OBue cagoBu: - meHUTe npu ra3eaeTo Ha rnuHa-Ta 3a ^pe^HU, ru coKpuBaaT OBue opraHu npeg rnuHaTa (= 3eMja); - pogunKu nujaT Boga og ^pe^Ha 3a nonecHo ga ce nopogaT. OpHaMeHTM. Pena^ujaTa ,^penHa - meHa - 3eMja", Mome ga ce 6apa u bo HeKou op-HaMeHTu kou ce B^pTyBane bo ^pe^HUTe. TyKa uMaMe npegBug gBa. EgHuoT og hub e poM-6ot, Koj uaKo peTKo, e eBugeHTupaH KaKo motub Ha gHOTo og ^pe^HUTe. Bo HeKou cnyHau, CTaHyBa 36op 3a poM6 co BnumaH KpcT, gogeKa bo gpyru - Mpema og Kocu mpa^ypu kou ^opMupaaT none og poM6oBu /T.I:12/. ^eHCKuoT KapaKTep Ha oBoj motub geTanHo ro o6pa3nomuBMe Ha gpyro MecTo u Toa: - bo pena^uja co arnecTaTa enunca co 3amuneHu nonoBu, KaKo ugeorpaM Ha BynBa; - co HeTupuaronHUKOT, KaKo apxeTuncKa cnuKa, T.e. ugeorpaM Ha 3eMHOTo hubo Ha BceneHaTa.44 BTopuoT motub, M. C. ^ununoBuK, ro onu-myBa KaKo 6yKBa „^". floceramHUTe aHanu3u ynaTyBaaT geKa 6u Momeno ga ce pa6oTu 3a ugeorpaM Koj HacTaHan co CTunu3a^uja u cxeMaTU3a^uja Ha motubot Ha meHa, npuKama- 43 3a nogaTOKOT og flpa^eBo: M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHCKa KepaMUKa ... , 138; 3a ^UTupaHUTe CBag6eHu o6uHau u BoonmTo, 3a geBCTBeHoCTa bo cnoBeHCKUTe HapogHu Tpag^uu: CnaBaHCKue gpeBHoCTu ... 2, 35,36; E. C. y3eHeBa, „BiflBa ... , 146, 148, 152, 153; 3a cagoBUTe co oTKpmeHo gHo: B. A. YcneHCKUM, OunonoruHecKue ... , 151. 44 H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 93-130. 110 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob Ha bo nopogunHa no3a, co pamMpeHM pa^ m Ho3e, bo MOMeHTOT Kora nnogoT M3neryBa og Hej3MHaTa yTpo6a. nocTojaT XMnoTe3M geKa ToKMy og c^epaTa Ha mmtot m MarujaTa, oBoj ugeorpaM HaBneron, m bo KupuncKoTo nucMo, KaKo 6yKBa Koja, Mery gpyroTo, ctom Ha nenoTo Ha gBa 36opa, cymTecTBeHM 3a c^epaTa 3a Koja roBopuMe (Mena m Mueom), ho m Ha gBeTe Haj^peKBeHTHM 3ooMop^HM enu^aHMM Ha ^eHaTa m 3eMjaTa (Maôa, MenKa).45 ^HTpanHa gnanKa mhm otbop bo ^enHaTa. Ha »^hckmot acneKT Ha ^pe^HaTa ynaTyBa m ^HTpanHaTa gnanKa unu ManuoT oTBop bo Hej3MHoTo gHo, Koj ocBeH cBouTe npaKTMHHM ^yH^uu, MMan m ogpegeHu cmm6ohmhkm 3Haneaa /T.I:4,8/. MMa MHgM^MM, geKa bo HaBegeHuoT KoHTeKcT, Toj Mo^en ga ro npeTCTaByBa ^HTapoT T.e. jagpoTo Ha ,flpenHaTa-:«eHa", T.e. oTBopoT bo Hej3MHaTa yTpo6a (BynBa, MaTKa). OcBeH HaBegeHMTe cBag6eHu o6uHau, Ha BaKBoTo 3Haneae ynaTyBa m Ha3MBoT „nanoK", Koj ce ogHecyBa Ha oBoj oTBop bo ^pe^HaTa, m oco6eHo - Ha ucnaKHyBaaeTo Koe Ke ce nojaBu Ha ne6oT, ucneneH bo BaKBa ^pe^Ha. OBoj ogHoc hocm bo ce6e jacHu pena^MM Mery ^pe^HaTa m ^eHaTa, Koj 6u Mo^en ga ce npuKa^e hm3 cnegHaTa noruHKa meMa: ^enHa: gnanKa / oTBop Ha cpeguHaTa ne6: HeroBo co3gaBaae, ^opMupaae, pacTeae bo ^pe^HaTa McnanqyBaae bo ^HTapoT Ha ne6oT: Tpara Ha HeroBaTa BpcKa co oTBopoT bo ^pe^HaTa ^eHa: reHMTaneH oTBop / BynBa, MaTKa geTe: HeroBo co3gaBaae, ^opMM -paae, pacTeae bo MajKaTa nanoK / McnanqyBaae bo ^HTapoT Ha geTeTo: Tpar Ha HeroBaTa BpcKa co yTpo6aTa Ha MajKaTa Ha oBoj ogHoc Mo^e ga My ce gogage m MaKpoKocMMHKuoT, bo Koj ^pe^HaTa 6u ce M3egHanuna co 3eMjaTa, npu mTo ^eTycoT unu ne6oT 6u Mo^en ga ce noucToBeTu co pacTeHujaTa, ho m noBTopHo co TOBeKoT. OBoj acneKT Mo«e ga ce unycTpupa co npu-MepoT 3a6ene^eH Kaj HapogoT BaM6apa (3anagHa A^puKa), Kage nano^HaTa BpBKa ce HapeKyBa „TMKBMHa BpBKa", npu mTo ce cMeTa geKa Toa e KopeH npeKy Koj TOBe^KoTo cymTecTBo e noBp3aHo co MajKaTa-3eMja, nopagu HeroBo co3peBaae.46 OBoj npuMep ru aKTyenu3upa MaKpoKocMMHKMTe acneKTu Ha nanoKoT (KaKo „nanoK Ha cBeToT"), 3a kom Ke roBopuMe HaTaMy. 2. OgHoc Mery ^pe^HaTa m ^MrypaTa Ha „qoBeqeTo" a) 3a6ogyBa»e HeKaKOB eneMeHT bo ^enHaTa (= KOMTyc) BugoBMe geKa ^HTpanHaTa gnanKa unu oTBop bo gHoTo Ha ^pe^HaTa ce npaBu TaKa mTo, co npcT unu co HeKoj gpyr M3gon^eH npegMeT, Ke ce npuTucHe Bna^HaTa 45 H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 135-137, 162, 163; 3a ^aôaTa: 165-167; 3a ^enKaTa: 167, 168. 3a motmbot bo Bug Ha 6yKBaTa „®", Bugu m: H. Haycuguc, no noBog ... ; Ha cpegHoBeKoBHuoT HaKMT: B. A. PbiôaKoB, ^3. gp. Pycu ... , 703, 704; Ha HapogHMTe Be3oBM: H. Mmkob, ByKBonogoÔHM ... , 37, 38. 46 J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rjecnik ... , 543. 111 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuxonomKG - ceMuoxuHKa aHanu3a rnuHa /T.I:8/. Ha oBoj huh, HecTO My npeTxogeno B^pTyBaae Ha KpcT npeKy ^noTO Kpy®H0 gH0 Ha ^pe^HaTa /T.I:4,9/. rope HaBegeHUTe BpcKu Ha oBoj oTBop co ®eHCKUTe reHUTanuu, noBneKyBaaT pena^uu Mery huhot Ha Her0B0T0 gynHeae u KouTycoT, npu mTo npcT0T unu HeKoj gpyr u3gon®eH npegMeT co Koj Toa ce peanu3upa, ro go6uBa 3HaHeaeT0 Ha ^anyc. TaKB0T0 3HaHeae M0®e6u Haja^eHTupaHO ro 3acTanyBan Knu-He^T, nopagu HU3a cbou pena^uu co ^anycoT (eneMeHT og ®ene30 Koe e napagurMa 3a KaTeropuuTe og „MamKaTa c^epa", KaKo mTo ce: „TBpgo", „He6ecKo", „oraeHo", „ocTpo", „Koe mTo BneryBa I npogupa"). BaKBuoT cuM6onuHKu huh, u3BopHo Mo®en ga 6uge MoTUBupaH og Te®HeeaeT0, ^pe^HaTa „ga ce onnogu", 3a noToa bo Hea ycnemHo ga ce C03gaBaaT ne6oBUTe. CnuHHu o6pegHo-MarucKu gejcTBuja, Kaj McTOHHUTe CnoBeHu ce npaKTUKyBane u bo ogHoc Ha gpBeHaTa ge®a, bo Huj ^HTap ce 3a6ogyBan ho®. OBue nocTanKu ce u3BegyBane bo gBe npurogu - bo TeK0T Ha CBag6eHUTe o6pegu u bo cnyHau Kora bo ge®aTa ne6oT He C03peBan go6po.47 KaKo u bo Hamuox cnyHaj, bo paMKUTe Ha CBag6eHUTe o6pegu, Ha 3a6ogyBaaeT0 My npeTxogeno npeKpcryBaae Ha ge®aTa (oBoj naT, npeKy HeTupuTe CBeKu nocTaBeHu Ha KpaeBUTe og gBaTa Hej3UHu gujaMeTpu). KaKo mTo BugoBMe, ge®aTa bo Koja He 3peen go6po ne6oT, ce nonpaBana npeKy 3a6ogyBaae bo Hea Ha KnuH og MamKG gpBo (eKBUBaneHT Ha ®ene3HU0T KnuHe^. BaKB0T0 3HaHeae Ha gnanKaTa unu oTBopoT bo ^pe^HaTa ro noTBpgyBaaT nocTanKUTe Ha 03HaHyBaae Ha HegeBCTBeHocTa Ha HeBecTaTa. KaKo mTo BugoBMe, Toa Mery gpyroTo ce npaBeno TaKa mTo pogHUHUTe Ha HeBecTaTa, bo TeK0T Ha CBag6eHUTe ro36u 6une nocny®yBaHu co nujanoK bo cagoBu co gynHaTo gH0. npu Toa, oBoj oTBop ce 3aTHyBan co npcT (=^anyc) Koj npu cny®eaeT0 ce u3BneKyBan, TaKa mTo nujan0K0T ucTeKyBan Bp3 nocny®eHUTe. HegeBCTBeHocTa Ha HeBecTaTa (a HeKage u huhot Ha Hej3UHaTa ge^nopa^uja npu npBa-Ta 6paHHa hok), ce 03HaHyBana u npeKy npaBeae gynKa bo ne6oT unu noranaTa (u HeKou gpyru jageaa).48 Bo cnyHajoT co ^urypaTa Ha „HOBeHeTo" og KyHeBumTe, oBoj ceKcyaneH Kog e u3pa3eH ymTe ^0eKC^nu^UTH0. KnuHe^0T ce cnojyBa T0KMy co reHUTanHaTa 30Ha Ha ^urypaTa, mTo My gaBa 3HaHeae Ha ^anyc, Huj BpB e BOBneHeH bo ^HTapoT Ha ^pe^-HaTa /T.II:1/, Kage no BageaeTO Ha KnuHe^T ocTaHyBan oTBop, Koj KaKo mTo BugoBMe, u uHaKy e HecT Ha ^pe^HUTe. CuBe rope cnoMHaTu eneMeHTu, Ha ^urypaTa u gaBaaT KapaKTep Ha mutcku nuK 3ag huu npo^unaKTUHKu ^yH^uu (ga ru HyBa ^pe^HUTe) HeKoram CToena u ynoraTa Ha hubhu onnogyBaH. Ce huhu geKa 0Ba 3HaHeae e KogupaHo npeKy ymTe egeH enuTeT Ha „H0BeHeT0", uMeHyBaHo u KaKo „goMaKuH Ha ^pe^HUTe", mTo My gaBa 3HaHeae Ha HeKaK0B mutcku nuK T.e. 6o®ecTBo Koe ^yH^uoHupa KaKo „conpyr Ha ^pe^HUTe", Koj ja noTTUKHyBa HUBHaTa mok ga ro C03gaBaaT ne6oT. Bo npu-nor Ha oBoj ogHoc roBopu u neeaeTO CBag6apcKu necHu bo TeK0T Ha KonaaeTo rnuHa u HeKou gpyru ^a3u og u3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^pe^HUTe.49 47 CnaBaHCKue gpeBHocxu ... 2, 36. Pena^ujaxa ho® = ^anyc bg paMKuxe Ha 6anKaHCKaxa HapogHa Kynxy-pa, Hajgo6po ja ogpa3yBa egHO npaBuno (3a6ene®eH0 Ha noHexoKGX og MUHaxuox BeK, bg GKonuHaxa Ha feBrenuja), cnopeg Koe ce CMexano 3a HaBpega Ha goMaKuHGX u noHu®yBaae x.e. Hanag Bp3 Hecxxa Ha ®eH-CKUGX gen og HeroBOXG ceMejcxBG, aKO npu goMamHa Becen6a, HeKoj og npucyxHuxe MamKu rocxu u3BneHe hg® og nojac u ro 3a6oge bg goMamHOXG orHumxe (C. TaHOBuh, OrHumxa ... , 130); 3a pena^ujaxa o¿Humme - eynea - MamKa: H. Haycuguc, KyKaxa ... , 44, 45; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 99. 48 CnaBaHCKue gpeBHocxu ... 2, 36; E. C. y3eHeBa, „BtHBa ... , 146,148, 152, 153. 49 npuMepu Ha BaKBu CBag6apcKu necHu: fl. MapuHOB, HapogHa ... , 625. M geHec, bg MaKegoHCKuox ja3UK, xepMUHGT „goMaKuH" u „goMaKuHKa", ocBeH gpyruxe 3HaHeaa nogpa36upa u „conpyr" I „conpyra" (3. Myp-rocKu, PeHHUK Ha MaKeg. ... , 161). 112 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob MuTonoreMaTa 3a onnogyBaaeTo Ha cagoT, KaKO ycnoB 3a co3gaBaaeTo Ha neóoT e MHory ^0eKc^nu^uTH0 u3pa3eHa bo oópeguTe u BepyBaaaTa noBp3aHu co KBaceaeTo Ha neóoT, ocTBapyBaHo bo gpBeHuoT eKBuBaneHT Ha ^pe^HaTa - ge^aTa, bo Koja npeg neHeaeTo, neóoT ce 3aKBacyBan u ce ocTaBan ga HapacHe. Bo HeKou cnoBeHcKu Tpagu-^uu, KBace^T eKc^nu^uTH0 ce HapeKyBan „TaTKo Ha neóoT", unu Ha gpyru nocpegHu HanuHu ce ugeHTu^uKyBan co MamKuoT ^puH^u^. nopagu BaKBoTo 3HaHeae, Toj uMan Ba^Ho MecTo u bo cBagóeHuTe oópegu (KaKo eneMeHT Koj Tpeóa ga ja noTTuKHe nnog-HocTa Ha co^py^Hu^uTe). nocpegHo, uctuot KOH^nT e ogpa3eH u bo oóuHauTe ga ce ancTuHupa og nonoBa aKTuBHocT Ha geHoT Ha 3aKBacyBaaeTo Ha neóoT unu geH npeg Toa. MucTepujaTa Ha KBace^0T u HeroBaTa HeoójacHuBa moK ga ro „3roneMyBa neóoT", uMana MHory 3aegHuHKo co MamKuoT ^aKTop (cnepMaTa) u HeroBaTa ynora bo co3gaBaaeTo Ha geTeTo. OóeTe MaTepuu BneryBane bo npo^coT Ha co3gaBaaeTo co 3aHeMapnuBo KonuHecTBo Ha HeKaKBa HeyrnegHa, ho HeonxogHa MaTepuja, Koja npe-Ky ogpegeH TauHcTBeH u bo nojaBHuoT cBeT HeMaHu^ecTupaH npo^c, ro ycnoByBa-na co3gaBaaeTo T.e. pacTeaeTo. Ha HajeneMeHTapHo, ho ucTOBpeMeHo u HajcoBpmeHo ^uno3o^cKo-e3OTepuHHo hubo, oBaa MucTepuja ja ogpa3yBa TepMuHOT „npuuuna", Koj bo HeKou yKpauHcKu gujaneKTu npeTcTaByBa apxauHeH Ha3uB 3a KBace^0T. nocTojaT jacHu ugHu^uu geKa KBace^T u oBaa HeroBa mok, óune nepcoHanu3upaHu bo ogpegeH mutcku nuK, Ha mTo nocpegHo yKa^yBaaT oópeguTe Ha ^uKnuHH0 „oóHOByBaae Ha KBace^T", ogHocHo roTBeaeTo Ha hob - „Mnag KBace^'.50 3eMajKu npegBug geKa oBaa nocTanKa, Kaj McroHHuTe CnoBeHu ce noBTopyBana ^uKnuHH0 (ceKoja nponeT Ha „BenuKu HeTBpTOK" - npeg BenurgeH), hu ce HaMeTHyBa Mo^Hocra ga ru noBp3eMe u u3egHanuMe oBue Tpagu^uu co huhot Ha u3paóoTKaTa Ha ^pe^HUTe, a bo Tue paMKu u Ha MamKaTa ^urypuHa, peanu3upaHu HajHecTo bo uctuot nepuog og roguHaTa. Bo Toj cnyHaj, HameTo „HOBeHe" óu Mo^ene ga ro pa3óepeMe He caMo KaKO „HyBap Ha ^pe^Hu-Te", u hubhu „conpyr" u „onnogyBaH", TyKy u KaKO „TaTKo Ha neóoT" - mutcku nuK Koj ja uHKapHupa cunaTa („npuHuHaTa") mTo ro npegu3BuKyBa pacTeaeTo T.e. co3gaBaaeTo Ha neóoT. MMa uHgu^uu u 3a MaKpoKocMuHKuTe enu^aHuu Ha oBoj nuK (bo pena^uja co MonaaTa u rpoMOT, coh^to, orHOT, go^goT u BereTaTuBHaTa cuna Ha pacTeHujaTa), 3a kou Ke roBopuMe bo HapegHuTe rnaBu. HaBegeHuTe MamKu nnogoHocHu ^yH^uu, Ha eguHcTBeHaTa no3HaTa ^urypa Ha „HOBeHeTo" og KyHeBumTe, uaKo gucKpeTHo, cenaK ce Ha3HaHeHu u bo nuKOBHuoT Megu-yM, npeKy ronoTo Teno Ha MamKaTa ^urypa u npeTcTaBeHuTe reHuTanuu. Ho, bo uctoh-HuTe nogpaHja Ha BanKaHOT, bo ogpegeHu peruoHu Ha Byrapuja e 3aHyBaH egeH gpyr oó-pegeH KOMnneKc, Kage ce u3paóoTyBaaT aHanorHu MamKu ^urypu, co ymTe nou3pa3eHu reHuTanuu, ho HaMeHeTu 3a nouHaKBa ^n. CTaHyBa 3óop 3a oópegoT „repMaH", Koj bo noBeKe HaBpaTu e eBugeHTupaH Ha nogpaHjeTo Ha Byrapuja u Cpóuja, noHHyBajKu og KpajoT Ha 19. BeK, na ce go cpeguHaTa Ha 20. BeK /6y^apcKU npuMepu T.IV:2-10; T.V:8,9/. noBeKe oóene^ja Ha oBoj oópeg ynaTyBaaT Ha HeKaKBu, MomHe HenocpegHu BpcKu Mery nuKOT Ha repMaH u „HyBapoT Ha ^pe^HUTe". 50 3a TepMuHOT „npuuuHa": CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 2, 252. flo geHec, bo coBpeMeHaTa ypóaHa KynTypa npe-^uBean TepMuHOT ,,®ub KBace^' (Koj ce npogaBa bo HeTBpTecTu MeKu napHuaa), bo 0^03u^uja co „cyBuoT" unu „BemTaHKu" KBace^ (bo Bug Ha npamoK naKyBaH bo KecuHKu). 113 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTönömKö - ceMMöTunKa aHanu3a 6) OöpegoT „repMaH" Bo cnynaj Ha gonroTpajHa cyma, a HeKage u bo ogHanpeg onpegeneH geH, ce npaBM ^urypa Ha Mam (npeTcTaBeH KaKO MOMne unu cTape^, Koj ce HapeKyBa repMaH. KaKO m bo cnynajoT co „HOBeHeTo" u ^pe^HMTe, ^urypaTa npeg cé ja npaBaT meHM (HeKage caMO geBM^M unu geBOjHuaa mTO cé ymTe HeMaaT MeHcTpyanHM ^MKnycM), kom Tpe-6a ga ce „hmctm", ga ce bo npB 6paK u ga HeMaaT noKojHUK bo ceMejcTBOTO. ^urypaTa HajnecTO ce M3pa6oTyBa og HeneneHa rnuHa /T.IV:2-4,5-10; T.V:8,9/, a noHeKoram u og gpBO /T.IV:5/, KpnHuaa unu cnaMa, B006unaeH0 bo BucuHa go 50 cm. yHecHM^MTe ja nerayBaaT Ha mTM^ /T.IV:3/, bo gpBeH KOBHer unu Ha KepaMuga /T. V:8.9/, ja noKpuBaa-aT co ^eKe u nanaT cBeKu. HaTaMy, co Hea ce nocTanyBa KaKO co bmctmhckm noKojHUK, 0gH0cH0 cnegyBaaT cuTe eneMeHTM og o6unajoT noBp3aH co norpe6yBaaeTö. repMaH ce onnaKyBa, HOKe ce 6gee Hag Her0B0T0 "Teno" (HeKage Toj ce ocTaBan ga nemu Ha TaBaH), a noToa, caHganeTO T.e. HocunKaTa co ^urypaTa ce hocm bo npo^cuja, Koja HajnecTO ce ogBMBa Kpaj HMBMTe u rpaguHMTe. noToa, Taa ce 3aKonyBa, HajnecTO Ha HeKoe MecTO noKpaj Boga (peneH unu e3epcKM 6per), unu naK ce ^pna bo BogaTa. Bo HeKOM cnynau, rpo6oT (BegHam unu ^ogo^Ha) ce npenuBa co Boga. noToa ce npaBM Tpne3a bo necT Ha "yMpeHMOT". 3a BpeMe Ha onnaKyBaaeTö u cnpoBogoT, ce neaT necHM bo kom repMaH ce onnaKyBa. HajnecTa e ^pa3aTa: "Oj, TepMaHe, repMaHe! / yMpen repMaH og cyma 3a Kuma". ^nuoT puTyan, rnaBHO ro BogaT meHM unu geBojKM, npu mTO ^peMOHujaTa HajnecTO hocm ceMeeH unu pogoBcKM KapaKTep, a nopeTKO ce cnpoBegyBa Ha hmbo Ha ^n0T0 ceno. O6pegoT u mmtckmot nuK, nog OBa MMe e 3anyBaH bo genoBM Ha Byrapuja u Cp6uja (KaKO repMaH, RepMaH, yepMaH), gogeKa bo ugeHTMHHa unu cnuHHa ^opMa, ho co gpyro MMe e no3HaT u Kaj PoMaH^MTe (KaKO KanojaH T.e. CKanojaH), Kaj MongaB^MTe (TpajaH) m McTOHHMTe CnoBeHM (^puno, BöproH). repMaH e npucyTeH u bo 6acHMTe, T.e. 6aeaaTa, mcto TaKa HaMeHeTM 3a MarucKO KOHTponupaae Ha aTMoc^epcKMTe nojaBM (rpag, HeBpeMe, gomg, cyma).51 MaKO 0B0j o6peg e eBugeHTupaH u bo Cp6uja, rnuHeHM ^urypuHM Ha repMaH TaMy He ce goKyMeHTupaHM npeKy ^OTorpa^uja unu ^pTem. Bo npunor Ha cBojaTa cTaTuja 3a repMaH, C. 3eneBMK ja npunomun TOKMy ^OTorpa^ujaTa Ha „noBeneTo" og KyneBumTe, 6e3 ga HaBege geKa ce pa6oTM 3a ^urypa BKnyneHa bo coceM gpyr o6peg.52 noTTMKHaTM og OBa He^pe^M3H0CT, a He3ano3HaeHM co MOHorpa^ujaTa Ha ^ununoBMK, bo HamuTe nopaHemHM ucTpamyBaaa, OBaa ^urypa ja cTaBaBMe bo MM^nM^MTHa pena^Mja co 06-pegoT repMaH, KaKO eBeHTyaneH npuMep og Cp6uja.53 51 Ochobhm ^0gaT0^M 3a oópegoT u coogBeTHa nuTepaTypa: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTM ... 1, 498 - 500; H. Haycuguc, Mmtckmtc ... , 359 - 365; H. Mmkob, AHTponoMop^Ha ... , 185 - 197; M. BeHOBcKa, OtmHocT ... , 235 - 255; C. reHneB, Oóunau ... , 348 - 350; H. H. Bene^Kaa, ^3binecKaa ... , 77 - 80; C. SeneBuh, repMaH ... , 249 - 263. Sa Japuno Kaj Mctohhutc CnoBeHM: B. nöMepaH^Ba, ^punKM ... , 127 - 130; C. H. Köctöbt, KynTTTT ... , 114, 115, 117; Tparu Kaj JymHMTe CnoBeHM: M. C. OununoBuh, TpanKM ... , 109 - 130. 52 C. SeneBuh, repMaH ... , 250, Cn. 1. OoTorpa^ujaTa e curHupaHa KaKO „npuMepaK 3eM^aHor ugona M3 Et-Horpa^cKör My3eja y Beorpagy (ch. CBeTnaHa ycKOKOBMBMh)". He e jacHO 30mT0 aBTopoT He ru HaBegyBa ge^MgH0 MH^öpMa^MMTe 3a nöTeKnöTö u KapaKTepoT Ha npegMeTöT, HacnpöTM Töa mTO e curypHö geKa 3a hmb 6un MH^öpMupaH. 53 H. Haycuguc, MuTcKMTe ..., 359 - 365; H. Haycuguc, TeaTponomKM ... , 196 - 199. 114 Hukoc Haycuôuc, UopàaH Hukojiob b) Pe^a^MM Mery repMaH u „qoBeqeTo" OneBugHo e geKa bo cnynajoT co o6pegoT „repMaH". cTaHyBa 360p 3a MomHe gpeB-Hu Tpagu^uu bo kou. hu3 BeKoBUTe. egeH npeKy gpyr ce HaTano^une HeKonKy. Mery ce6e npoTKaeHu mutcko - cuM6onuHKu Mogenu u MexaHU3Mu. kou ro ocMucnyBane 06-pegoT u ja o6e36egyBane HeroBaTa „genoTBopHocT". Pena^uuTe Mery ^urypuTe Ha repMaH og Byrapuja u „H0BeneT0" og CKoncKo ce cBegyBaaT Ha cnegH0T0 /cnopedu T.IV:l co2-l0 u co T.V:8,9/. Bo o6aTa cnynau ce pa6oTu 3a cTaTyeTu u3pa6oTeHu og HeneneHa rnuHa. co cnuHHu guMeH3uu u co Ha3HaneH ^a-nyc. Bo gBaTa cnynau. u3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^urypuHUTe u u3Beg6aTa Ha o6peguTe. rnaBHo ru BogaT ^eHu unu geBojKu. npu mT0 o6pegoT HajnecTo hocu ceMeeH unu pogoBcKu KapaKTep. Bo o6aTa cnynau ^urypaTa ce Hocena Ha TaBaH (Bugu HaTaMy). Bo noBeKeTo og 6yrapcKUTe npuMepu. ^anycoT Ha repMaH e npeguMeH3uoHupaH mT0 He Mo»e ga ce noTBpgu bo cnynajoT Ha „H0BeneT0". MMeHo. Bp3 6a3a Ha gocTanHUTe ^oTorpa^uu He e jacHo ganu ManuoT u3gon^eH cerMeHT Mery HeroBUTe H03e ro npeTcTaByBa ^nuoT He-roB ^anyc unu e Toa caMo 0cTaT0K og noroneM nonoB opraH Koj ^ogo^Ha 6un oTKpmeH /T.IV:l/. Bo ceKoj cnynaj. 3HaqeaeT0 Ha npeguMeH3uoHupaHuoT ^anyc. Kaj ^urypaTa og KyneBumTe ro npe3en KnuHe^T Koj u3neryBan og Hej3UHUTe npenoHu /peKoHcmpy^uja: T.II:l/. KaKo mT0 BugoBMe. bo npunor Ha 0Ba ogu ceMU0TUKaTa Ha ^ene30T0. KnuHe^0T u KnuH0T. KaKo u gnanKaTa og ^pe^HaTa bo Koja Toj ce 3a6uBan (u3egHaneHa co BynBa). Ha 6pojHu ^urypuHu Ha repMaH e a^eHTupaH u nan0K0T /T.IV:6,8,10/. mT0 nocpegHo - bo pena^uja co „nan0K0T Ha ne6oT" neneH bo ^pe^HaTa, ro onpegenyBa „H0BeneT0" He caMo KaKo „conpyr". TyKy u KaKo „cuh Ha ^pe^HaTa", n0T0HH0 Ha MajKaTa-3eMja mT0 Taa ja 3acTanyBa. EgeH ^aKT roBopu bo npunor Ha Toa geKa u 6e3UMeHaTa ^urypa og KyneBumTe. KaKo u gpyruTe. ^ogo^Ha 3a6opaBeHu „nyBapu Ha ^pe^HUTe" og MaKegoHuja u ^ht-panHuoT BanKaH. HeKoram Morene ga ro HocaT uMeTo repMaH unu HeKoja HeroBa cnuHHa BapujaHTa. Ha Toa ynaTyBa ^aKT0T mT0 bo HajroneMuoT 6poj cnynau. nogroTByBaaeTo Ha ^pe^HUTe u u3pa6oTKaTa Ha BaKBu ^urypu ce u3BegyBane Ha npa3HUK0T Cb. EpeMuja. cBeTUTen nue uMe noKa^yBa jacHu pena^uu co repMaH (Bugu ja meMaTa). X e p M e c J e p e M u j a r e p M a H J a p u n o BugoBMe geKa ^pe^HU HajnecTo ce npaBene egHam rogumHo - Ha ogpegeH geH u Toa HajnecTo Ha Cb. EpeMuja. unu naK geH - gBa npeg unu nocne Hero. HeKage uMa noroneMu oTCTanyBaaa og oBoj npa3HUK (u go 7 geHa) u ogpegeHo npu6nu^yBaae Ha TepMUHoT K0H fyproBgeH. Bo gpyru cnynau. ce uHcucTupano. u3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^pe^HUTe ga 3anoHHe Ha nonHa unu Mnaga MecenuHa. unu bo KoHKpeTeH geH og ceg-Mu^Ta. HeKage (Kaj MycnuMaHUTe). Ha geH0T Cb. EpeMuja caMo ce Konana 3eMja 3a ^pe^HU, gogeKa caMaTa HUBHa u3pa6oTKa ce ogBUBana HaeceH. 3a6ene^eHu ce u gpyru TepMUHu 3a 0Bue aKTUBHocTu - bo nepuogoT Ha neT0T0 u eceHTa. OnpaBgyBaaaTa 3a TeMnupaaeTo Ha u3pa6oTKaTa Ha ^pe^HU 3a npa3HUK0T Cb. EpeMuja ce 6apaaT Ha HeKonKy cTpaHu. Ce cMeTano geKa geH0T Cb. EpeMuja e npa3HUK Koj ce ogHecyBa Ha ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a 3eMjaTa u 3MMMTe. Toj geH ce u3BegyBane o6pegu 3a roHeHeae Ha 3MMMTe. BugejKu ^pe^HUTe ce M3pa6oTyBaaT og rnuHa T.e. 3eMja, ce BepyBano geKa nopagu Toa, Tue Ke 6ugaT KBanuTeTHu u Ke TpajaT. Og acneKT Ha xpucTujaHCTBoTo, onpaBgyBaaa Ha oBaa BpcKa ce 6apane bo npegaHueTo og Bu6nujaTa, cnopeg Koe, npopoK EpeMuja cKpmun rnuHeH cag Kora ro npopeKHyBan ypuBaaeTo Ha EpycanuM.54 HacnpoTu oBue onpaBgyBaaa, jacHo e geKa ^urypuTe Ha repMaH (oco6eHo ^a-nycougHuTe og Byrapuja), He Mo^ene u3BopHo ga ro npuKa^yBaaT xpucTujaHcKuoT cBeTuTen Cb. repMaH, co orneg Ha HuBHaTa ronoTuja u npuKa^aHuTe (na gypu u npegu-MeH3uoHupaHu) nonoBu opraHu. MHory e noBepojaTHa Mo^HocTa geKa cTaHyBa 36op 3a naraHcKu nuK Koj ce u3egHanun co oBoj cBeTuTen (a nocpegHo u co Cb. EpeMuja), nopagu cnu^HocTa Ha HuBHuTe uMuaa u 6nucKocTa Ha TepMuHuTe bo kou ce cnaBen hubhuot geH (Cb. repMaH - Mery 12 u 25 Maj; Cb. EpeMuja - Mery 1 u 14 Maj). Bo ocho-BaTa Ha uMeTo repMaH ne^u KopeHoT germ / herm, Koj KouH^ugupa co cTaporp^KoTo (a BepojaTHo u cTapo6anKaHcKoTo u uHgoeBponcKo) herma, co 3Haneae Ha ^anyc, mTo e bo jacHa pena^uja co HarnaceHuTe nonoBu aTpu6yTu Ha npuKa^aHuTe ^urypuHu. Ha npB norneg, oBue otuhhoctu, bo pena^uja co xeneHcKuoT XepMec, ynaTyBaaT Ha aH-Tu^KaTa unu cTapo6anKaHcKaTa reHe3a Ha repMaH.55 OBaa xunoTe3a ja penaTuBu3upa ^aKToT mTo nuK, cnuneH Ha repMaH e eBugeHTupaH u Kaj McTo^HuTe CnoBeHu (u3pa6o-TyBaH bo Bug Ha KyKna, og rnuHa, og opraHcKu MaTepujanu unu KaKo MacKupaH TOBeK - ynecHuK bo nponeTHuTe o6pegu). ro hocu uMeTo Japuno, bo Koe e ucto TaKa cogp^aH gen, ogHocHo BapujaHTa Ha cnoMHaTuoT KopeH (¿ep - xep - jep - jap), eBugeHTupaH u bo HeKonKy naraHocnoBeHcKu TeoHuMu (repoBum, JapoBum, Japyn), noTBpgeHu bo cpegHo-BeKoBHuTe numaHu u3Bopu kou ce ogHecyBaaT Ha 3anagHuTe u McTo^HuTe CnoBeHu. M Kaj nocnegHuBe uMMBa, Mo^e ga ce HaceTu MamKuoT T.e. uTu^anu^Ku acneKT, u Toa bo pena^ujaTa co KopeHoT jap, npucyTeH KaKo npoKpeaTuBeH / eHepreTcKu eneMeHT bo Tpu c^epu: - ^uBoTuHcKaTa (jape- TOBeKoBaTa (japaH, Mnag, jyHaK; japocm - raeB, Bo36yga); - MaKpoKocMuHKaTa (japa KaKo neTo, T.e. Tonon, nnogeH nepuog og roguHaTa). TyKa, og ^yH^uoHaneH u KaneHgapcKu acneKT, go6po ce BKnonyBa u Cb. Teopruj / Cb. Jypuj.56 Ha pena^ujaTa Mery nuKoT repMaH u „HoBeneTo", ynaTyBaaT u HeKou gpyru hub-hu ^yH^uu mTo Ke 6ugaT o6pa6oTeHu bo paMKuTe Ha cnegHuoT - KocMonomKu acneKT og ceMuoTuKaTa Ha ^pe^HaTa u BpmHuKoT. MaKo bo TeoHuMuTe Ha uHgoeBponcKuTe mutcku nuKoBu co HaBegeHuTe MamKu u uTu^anu^Ku o6ene^ja e necTo cogp^aH KopeHoT co 3Haneae HoBeK, uaM, hu ce huhu noBepojaTHo geKa Ha3uBoT „TOBene" 3a6ene^eH bo cenaTa og CKoncKa ^Ha ropa uMa go^He^Ho noTeKno u HacTaHan KaKo nnog Ha 3a6paHaTa ga ce u3roBaTa buctuhckoto 54 3a npa3HuKoT u pena^uuTe co npou3BogcTBoTo Ha ^pe^Hu: M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... , 130 - 135; fl. MapuHoB, HapogHa ... , 623 - 627; co^eTo, 3a npa3HuKoT „EpeMuja", co npuno^eHa nuTepaTypa: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 2, 390 - 392; npegaHueTo 3a npopoK EpeMuja: M. Mojcuh, O u3pagu ... , 48. 55 Bo oBaa cMucna, a bo pena^uja co TepMuHoT npuHuna, KaKo Ha3uB 3a KBa^coT, e uHTepecHo u rp^KoTo eppa - bo 3Ha^eae Ha npuHuna (y3poK), u3Bop na netumo, bo cny^ajoB - bo BpcKa co MamKuTe acneKTu Ha oBoj KopeH cogp^aHu u bo TeoHuMoT XepMec (Eppyq). MHTepecHu ce u HeKonKy aHrnucKu 3ÓopoBu co KopeHoT germ, Kou o3Ha^yBaaT ,pKyne^ unu nocpegHo - eMÓpuoH, onnogyBaae, HuKHyBaae. 56 nogeTanHo 3a oBa: C. H. Koctobt., KynTtTT. ... , 114 - 115, 122, 123; H. Haycuguc, MuTcKuTe ... , 364 - 370, 446 - 453. 3a pena^uuTe Mery Japuno u uTancKuoT Mapc: S. Zogovic, M. Bogeski, Slicnosti ... , 9 - 12 (bo oBoj KoHTeKcT, 3acny®yBa BHuMaHue cnu^HuoT KopeH Ha TeoHuMoT Japuno u oHoj Ha gpeBHorp^KuoT Apee). 3a Japuno u Cb. Jypuj: B. B. MBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, MccnegoBaHua ... , 180 - 216. 116 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob UMe Ha npuKa^aHuoT caKpanu3upaH nuK. HajBepojaTHo Taa ce cnynuna nog BnujaHue Ha XpMCTMjaHCTBOTO, MO^eÖM npegM3MBMKaHo, HajnpBo CO M3eflHanyBafteTO Ha M3BOpHMOT TeoHMM Ha oBoj mmtckm nuK co MMeTO Ha cBeTMTenoT repMaH, a noToa u nopagu Hecno-MBOCTa Ha Her0BM0T BynrapeH M3rneg co npeTcraBMTe 3a oBoj cBeTMTen. npucycTBoTo Ha mctmob nuK u TeoHMM bo o6pegHoTo npou3BogcTBo Ha ^pe^HMTe, npegu3BMKano HfleHTH^HKa^Hja co Cb. EpeMuja - egeH gpyr cBeTMTen nue MMe m geH Ha npa3HyBaae, mcto TaKa ce noKnonyBane co OHue Ha MamKMOT MTM^anMHKM 6or. 3. ^enHaTa u BpmHMKOT KaKO kocmoc Cnopeg MaTepujanoT og Koj ce M3pa6oTyBa (rnuHa), ^pe^HaTa ja npeTcTaByBa u 3acTanyBa 3eMjaTa, c^aTeHa KaKo kocmmhkm eneMeHT u KocMMHKa 3oHa. npocTopHM-ot acneKT Ha ^pe^HaTa, Ha MomHe eneMeHTapHo hmbo ro ogpa3yBa u Hej3MHuoT Ha-3mb no^Hu^a /T.I:4-6/, KaKo u Ha3MBoT epwHUK Koj ce ogHecyBan Ha gpyruoT cag co Koj Taa ce noKnonyBana /T.I:1-3/. TepMMHoT nodnu^a, goara og nod Koj bo cnoBeHcKM-Te ja3M^M ce KopucTM KaKo npegnor 3a o3HanyBaae Ha HemTo mTo e cTaBeHo oggony (npacn. *pad'b, *pada), noToa KaKo o3HaKa 3a no^Ba, 3eMja, TepuTopuja (nem. püda, cno-Ban. poda) u KaKo goneH gen T.e. gHo Ha HemTo (nod T.e. namoc Ha KyKa, ne^Ka u th.). nocnegHoBo 3Haneae go6uBa onpaBgyBaae bo gBa acneKTM. npBuoT e cuM6onuHKaTa MgeHTM^MKa^Mja Ha KyKaTa u MaKpoKocMocoT (npucyTHa bo noBeKeTo apxauHHM Kyn-Typu Ha ^naTa nnaHeTa), npu mTo KyKHuoT nog ce M3egHanyBa co 3eMjaTa, a noKpu-bot - co He6oTo. MgeHTM^MKa^MjaTa nog = 3eMja go6uBa bo 3Haneae u co orneg Ha ^aKToT mTo nogoBMTe Ha apxauHHMTe cnoBeHcKM u 6anKaHcKM KyKu HajnecTo HeMane o6nora, ogHocHo - ^aKTMHKM 6une M3egHaneHM co caMaTa no^Ba, unu naK 6une M3pa6o-TyBaHM og gpyru MaTepujanu (gpBo, KaMeH), ho npeMa^KaHM co rnuHa T.e. 3eMja (cpn. u xpB. podnica - gacKa co Koja e HemTo nonogeHo / naTocaHo). Og gpyra cTpaHa, Ha-3mbot BpmnuK npeTcTaByBa M3BegeHKa og MMeHKaTa BpB (npacn. *v^rch^), KojamTo bo 0^03M^Mja co nod o3HanyBa HemTo mTo e Hajrope, T.e. HajBucoKo.57 CoceM eKC^nM^MTH0, cuM6onuHKaTa pena^Mja ,^penHa = 3eMHo hmbo Ha BceneHaTa", „BpmHMK = He6o", ja ogpa3yBaaT HeKou npuKa3HM, npegaHuja, raTaHKM u ^pa3M, 3anyBaHM bo jy^HocnoBeHcKuoT ^onKnop. Bo egHa TaKBa npuKa3Ha, oBaa MaKpoKoc-MMHKa npocTopHa cTpyKTypa e peanu3upaHa bo Bug Ha kocmotohmckm mmt: „Kora ja HanpaBun rocnog 3eMaaTa, conpBo 6una nnocKaTa. nocne HanpaBun He-6oto m Knan Ha 3eMaaTa 3ropa KaKo BpmHMK Hag ^pe^Ha. Kora Bugen (...), 3eMaaBa 6una noroneMa og He6oTo. flyMan gyMan u M3gyMan. Ja BaTun co o6eTe pa^ 3eMaaTa u ja npuTucHan og cuTe cTpaHM 3a ga ja 36epu, ga gojguT TpKanecTa. Ja npuTucHan og egHa cTpaHa, a og gpyraTa cTpaHa ro Knan He6oTo 3ropa; gomno TaMaM u ro cTaBun KaKo mTo cm ro rnegaMe cera Hag Hac."58 57 C. flaBKoBa - foprueBa, Og MaKegoHcKaTa ... , 311,312. 3a cuMÖonu^KaTa pena^Mja „KyKa = MaKpoKocMoc" u „nog = 3eMHo hmbo Ha BceneHaTa": H. Haycuguc, KyKaTa ... . 58 ^MTaT: E. Ha^a3aHoBcKM, MaKegoHcKMTe ... , 43, 44. Bugu u: M. reoprueBa BinrapcKa ... , 13; M. reoprue-Ba, HapogeH ... , 458, 460; M. BeHoBcKa-GtÖKoBa, 3MeaT ... , 146, 147. Dio6anHo 3a oBoj kocmmmkm Mogen: T. B. ^MBbaH, flBM^eHue ... , 25-30. 3HaqeaeTo Ha kocmoc ro hocm m nuTaTa (A. KanoaHoB, CTapo6^n-rapcKoTo ... , 208). M bo XMHgyucTMMKaTa KynTypa, TaBaTa MMa aHanorHo KocMonomKo 3Ha^eae (r. KepHc, Ouno3o^uja ... , 65). TeHepanHo 3a oBoj Tun npeTcTaBM Ha BceneHaTa: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 19, 26, 27, 318. 117 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a McTaTa pena^Mja MM^nM^MTH0 ja ogpa3yBa u ^pa3aTa „»emKO, KaKo nog BpmHMK", Koja O3HanyBa ucKnynuTenHO Tonno BpeMe.59 O6aTa eneMeHTM og OBOj Mogen, penpe3eHTupaaT npeTCTaBM 3a KpymHuTe paóoBM Ha CBeTOT. Pena^MjaTa e coBpmeHa u Ha hubo Ha MaTepujanuTe, na gypu u Ha peanHu-Te ^yH^uu Ha ceKoj og eneMeHTuTe mTO ro conuHyBaaT OBOj cucTeM 3a nogroTOBKa Ha xpaHa. ^enHaTa - 3eMja e u3pa6oTeHa og rnuHa (= 3eMja), npu mTO u peanHO, bo cucTeMOT ynecTByBa bo KOHTeKcT Ha meHcKuoT ^pMH^M^ (ro npuMa u „Hocu" bo ce6e MaTepujanHOTO T.e TecTOTo), ho ucto TaKa My o6e36egyBa pacT u ycoBpmyBaae (neneae Ha ne6oT, mTO cuM6onuHKu uHTep^epupa co pacTOT u pa3BojoT Ha geTeTO bo MajnuHaTa yTpo6a unu Ha pacTeHujaTa bo 3eMjaTa). BpmHuKOT - He6o, noKpaj KepaMuKaTa, ce u3pa-6oTyBan u og MeTanu (cnopeg MuTcKuTe npeTcTaBu = He6ecKu eneMeHTu), a Ha ropHaTa KocMu^Ka 3OHa anygupa He caMo co cBojoT nonyc^epuneH o6nuK, TyKy u co Toa mTO, bo peanHaTa ^yH^uja Ha cucTeMOT ynecTByBa npeKy 3paneaeTO Ha eHepreTcKaTa KOMno-HeHTa (MamKu ^pMH^M^), ogHocHO TonnuHaTa Koja goara og mapTa nocTaBeHa Hag Hero (= coh^ u gpyru He6ecKu nojaBu). HajcTapaTa MaHM^ecTa^Mja Ha OBOj mutcku Mogen MomeMe ga ja ugeHTu^uKyBa-Me bo purBegcKuTe xumhu, bo kou kocmocot e npeTcTaBeH npeKy gBa caga, cBpTeHu co OTBopuTe egeH koh gpyr /cnopedu T.VI:1/.60 Bo HeKou 6anKaHcKu nogpanja (Ha npuMep bo CTur, McTOHHa Cp6uja), HaMecTO bo ^pe^Ha, ne6oT ce nenen Ha HeTBpTecTa nnona BKonaHa bo nogoT Ha KyKaTa, noKpaj or-HumTeTO. Taa ce u3pa6oTyBana og KaMeH unu og HeneneHa rnuHa, co guMeH3uu HemTO noManu og MeTap u ge6enuHa og 5-6 cm).61 HeTBpTecTaTa ^opMa Ha OBue nnonu, cor-negaHa og KocMonomKu acneKT, uHTep^epupa co npeTcTaBuTe 3a HeTBpTecTuoT o6nuK Ha 3eMjaTa, npu mTO, bo KOM6MHa^Mja co nonyc^epu^HuoT BpmHuK, nocTaBeH Hag Hea, go6po 6u ce BKnonyBan bo Ky6uHHO-nonyc^epuHHuoT Mogen Ha BceneHaTa /cnopedu ja peKommpy^ujama Ha T.VI:11 co KocuonomKume Modenu 2,6,10/.62 a) BpmHMK - He6o BpmHuKOT e egeH Bug MacuBeH KanaK Ha ^pe^HaTa, Koj uMa nonyc^epu^Ha unu KOHycecTa ^opMa (u TemuHa go 25 kg). KaKo u ^pe^HaTa ce u3pa6oTyBan og neneHa unu cymeHa rnuHa, co ge6enu sugoBu, kou Ha BpBOT ^opMupane munecT unu 3apaMHeT BpB. TyKa ce Haoran TyHenecT otbop unu HaneneHa gpmanKa, npeKy Koja ycBuTeHuoT BpmHuK ce ^aKan co HeKaKBa KyKa u ce noguran og orHumTeTO /T.I:1-3/. KaKo u ^pe^HMTe, ce u3pa6oTyBan TpagM^MOHanHO - bo KpyroT Ha meHcKuTe o6pegHO-npou3BOTcTBeHu aK-tubhoctu, a HeKage u og cTpaHa Ha npo^ecuoHanHu 3aHaeTHuu. no npBaTa cBeTcKa BojHa, rnuHeHuTe BpmHM^M rnaBHO npecTaHane ga ce KopucTaT, no mTO 6une 3aMeHe-tu co MeTanHu (npeg cé og mene3o). Bo CKoncKO u MapuoBO (P. MaKegoHuja) u nocne BTopaTa cBeTcKa BojHa, rnuHeHuTe BpmHM^M cé ymTe 6une bo ynoTpe6a. MMa nogpanja, Kage ne6oT He ce cTaBan bo ^pe^Ha, TyKy ce nenen caMo nog rnuHeH BpmHuK.63 59 3. MyprocKu, Pe^HuK Ha MaKeg. ... , (BpmHuK). 60 H. B. BparuHcKaa, He6o ... , 207. 61 n. ® neTpoBuh, O HapogHoj ... , 31,32, Cn. 15. 62 3a KyóuMHO-nonyc^epuMHuoT Mogen Ha BceneHaTa: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 32 - 35. 63 HeKage, HaMecTO egHa gpmKa, BpmHuKOT uMan ^eTupu gynKu unu gBe cTpaHu^Hu gpmanKu hu3 kou 6una npoBne^eHa mu^ (n. ToMuh, ^eny^e ... , 45 - 52). 118 Hukoc Haycuduc, Ripèan Hukojiob Bo HeKou peruoHu, ropHaTa cTpaHa Ha BpmHU^UTe ce yKpacyBana co koh^ht-punHu KpyroBu, B^pTaHU co npcT bo cBe»aTa rnuHa /T.I:l; T.VI:ll/. BpmHU^UTe U3-pa6oTyBaHu og 3aHaeTnuuTe, ucto TaKa 6une gononHeTu co KoH^HTpunHu KpyroBu, ho oBoj naT, ucnaKHaTu bo Bug Ha pe6pa, kou uMane u cBoja ^yH^uja - ga ja 3agp»aT »apTa u nenenTa mT0 Ha hub ce Ha^pnane.64 Bpe»aHUTe KoH^HTpunHu KpyroBu, co orneg Ha hubhuot He^yH^uoHaneH KapaKTep, bo pena^uja co He6ecK0T0 3Haneae Ha BpmHUKoT, 6u Mo»ene ga ce npoTonKyBaaT KaKo uK0H0rpa^cKu eneMeHTu. KoHKpeT-Ho, 6u cTaHyBano 360p 3a 03HaKu Ha pacnneHeTocTa Ha „He6ecKaTa KanoTa" Ha noBeKe 30HU, ogHocHo noBeKe „He6a", HapegeHu egHo Hag gpyro, mT0 e go6po noTBpgeHo bo jy»HocnoBeHcKUTe HapogHu Tpagu^uu, ho u rno6anHo bo cBeTcKu paMKu /cnopedu T.VI:ll co uôeannume moôenu 3,4/. AHanorHo pacnneHyBaae Ha He6oTo bo koh^ht-punHu KpyroBu ce cnegu u bo 6pojHu gBoguMeH3uoHanHu nuK0BHu npeTcTaBu, og npegucTopujaTa, cTapuoT u cpegHuoT BeK /T.VI:5,7-9/.65 - BprnHMKOT KaKo Kana u nymna og ja^ Ha BanKaHoT ce 3anyBaHu npegaHuja bo kou BpmHUKoT e npeTcTaBeH KaKo „raBonoBa Kana". Motubot Ha BpmHUK Koj e cTaBeH Ha rnaBa e 3a6ene»eH u bo Hapog-HUTe necHu og MaKegoHuja („ ... Ta y3ea ropeH BpmHUK, / Ta Knage Ha rnaBaTa"; „ ... Ha pa^u My Tue nyTu c^u^u, / Ha rnaBa My yropeH BpmHUK").66 3eMajKu ja npegBug eKBUBa-neHTHocTa Ha ^pe^HaTa u ge»aTa, bo 0Baa cMucna Mo»e ga 6uge uHTepeceH ucTonHoc-noBeHcKuoT o6unaj, bo HeKou npurogu, Hag ge»aTa ga ce cTaBa MamKa Kana. KoHenHo, bo npunor Ha 0Baa cuM6onunKa pena^uja ogu u ^pa3aTa „nog He6ecKaTa Kana", go6po no3HaTa bo noBeKe cnoBeHcKu ja3u^u, KaKo eKBUBaneHT 3a He6ecKU0T cBog T.e. Kynona. OBue geTanu hu gaBaaT npunuHa, u bo TonKyBaaeTo Ha BpmHUKoT ga ro BKnynuMe mutckuot repMaH. M oBoj nuK, cnopeg npegaHujaTa u u3rnegoT Ha HeroBUTe ^urypu, 6un 3aMucnyBaH co Kana Ha rnaBaTa u Toa HajnecTo nonyc^epunHa /T.IV:2,3,9,l0; T. V:9/. Cnopeg HeKou noKanHu TonKyBaaa, „KanaTa" Ha repMaH, HanpaBeHa og napne ^pH0 oBno Kp3H0, ce u3egHanyBana co o6na^UTe (o6na^u = He6o). Bo ogpegeHu peruoHu, ^urypaTa Ha repMaH 6una gononHyBaHa co Kana, HanpaBeHa og nymna Ha BenurgeHcKo jaj^ (HeKage K0HKpeTH0 - og npB0T0 npa3HunH0 BenurgeHcKo ja^).67 nocnegHuoB eneMeHT UM^nu^upa pena^uu co KocMoroHucKUTe mutobu, u K0HKpeTH0 - 0Hue bo kou cBeT0T ce co3gaBa og jaj^, npu mT0 ropHaTa nonoBUHa og jaj^BaTa nymna ce u3egHanyBa co He6ecKU0T cBog, gogeKa gonHaTa - co Hu»HUTe 30hu Ha BceneHaTa /cnopedu T.VI:l/. OaKT0T mT0 ropHaTa nonoBUHa Ha nymnaTa (= He6o) ctou Ha rnaBaTa Ha repMaH, UM^nu^upa M0»Ha pena^uja co egHa KaTeropuja kocmo-roHucKu mutobu bo kou, bo HepacnneHeTaTa xaoTunHa BceneHa (bo Hamuox cnynaj npeTcTaBeHa KaKo jaj^) ce 3anHyBa mutcko cymTecTBo, Koe npeKy cBoeTo eHopMHo pacTeae ru noTucHyBa, pa3gBojyBa u ogganenyBa gBeTe HeroBu nonoBUHu (= nono-BUHKU og jaj^BaTa nymna), npu mT0 gonHaTa ocTaHyBa nog HeroBUTe H03e (3eMja), 64 n. ToMuh, ^eny^e ... , 47, 50. 65 3a pacnneHyBaaexo Ha He6oxo u oBue npuMepu: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 58, 59, 324, 325. 66 3a „raBonoBaxa Kana": n. ToMuh, ^pe^y^e ... , 43; 3a MaKegoHcKuxe necHu: C. flaBK0Ba - foprueBa, Og Ma-KegoHcKaTa ... , 312. 67 3a KanaTa u Hej3UHoxo u3egHanyBaae co o6na^uxe: H. Mukob, AHxponoMop^Ha ... , 189, 190; 3a KanaTa og nymna Ha ja^e u Hej3UHuxe 3Haneaa: M. BeHoBcKa, GtmHocx ... , 240, 241; C. H. Koctobt., KynxT.XT. ... , 108. 119 ^pe^Ha h BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuora^Ka amnu3a gogeKa ropHaTa - Hag HeroBaTa rnaBa (He6o). Bo HajapxaunHUTe BaKBU mutobu, oBaa ^yH^uja ja ocTBapyBa npuMopgujanHuoT nuK co o6ene^ja Ha MaKpokocMunKU yuH, Koj Mery gpyroTo ja cuM6onu3upa u ocKaTa, ogHocHo cTon6oT Ha cBeToT. Bo KUHecKUTe KocMoroHucKU mmtobm, oBaa ^yH^uja My e gogeneHa Ha npeonpedoKom (^aw-^y) Koj Ha MucTuneH HanuH ce 3anHan bo npa-xaocoT, npeTcTaBeH npeKy kocmuhkoto jaj^. Ot-KaKo ro pacnyKan, ce nocTaBun Mery HeroBUTe genoBU (3eMjaTa u He6oTo) u 3anonHan ga pacTe (ceKoj geH no 2 MeTpu), TaKa mTo bo TeKoT Ha 18.000 roguHU, U3pacHan bo bm-conuHa og 50.000 km (cnopeg KUHecKUTe npeTcTaBU, Toa e pacTojaHueTo Mery 3eMjaTa u He6oTo). Bo gpeBHouHgucKuoT mut, MHdpa - oTKaKo ucnuBa coMa, pacTe go ruraH-tcku pa3Mepu, noTucHyBajKu ru He6oTo u 3eMjaTa - egHo HacnpoTU gpyro. M bo xe-TUTcKUTe mutobu, gucTaH^upafteTO Ha 3eMjaTa u He6oTo ce ocTBapyBa cy^ecuBHo, co pacTeaeTo Ha mutckuot nuK y6enypu. flpeBHorpnKUoT naHgaH Ha oBue nuKoBU e Epoc (bo nuj TeoHUM e cogp^aH rope o6pa6oTeHuoT KopeH xep / ^ep / jap), pogeH ucto TaKa bo npuMopgujanHoTo ja^ og nuja nymna Ke ce co3gage He6oTo u 3eMjaTa.68 OBoj mut Mo»e ga ce 6apa bo UKOHorpa^cKUTe motmbm og mapaHUTe BenurgeHcKU jaj^ og yKpa-UHa u Byrapuja /T.V:6,7/. CraHyBa 36op 3a aHTponoMop^HU ^urypu kom ce npoTeraaT no Hagon^HaTa ocKa Ha jaj^To, npu mTo, bo yKpauHcKuoT npuMep /T. V:7/, cnoMHaTuoT mut Mo«e ga e KogupaH bo 3panecTaTa rnaBa Ha oBoj nuK (= coh^) u HeroBUoT Ha3UB „nroguHa" (= noBenumTe / yuH?), gogeKa bo 6yrapcKUoT /T.V:6/, bo gBaTa npeKpcTeHU Kpyra nocTaBeHU Hag rnaBaTa u nog HO3eTe Ha ^urypaTa (= He6o u 3eMja?).69 6) CMM6OHM Ha „U^HTapoT Ha CBeTOT" u Ha „KocMM^KaTa ocKa" npu egeH BaKOB KocMonomKU norneg koh ^pe^HaTa u BpmHUKOT, KnuHe^T, Koj He TaKa peTKo ce 3a6ogyBan bo ^HTapoT Ha ^pe^HaTa, ro go6uBa 3HaneaeTo Ha ocKa u cTon6 Ha cBeTOT, Koj bo gpeBHUTe u apxaunHU mutcku cucTeMU ce nojaByBa bo ^yH^uja Ha npugp^yBan Ha He6oTo u ocKa no Koja ce ogBUBa KOMyHUKa^ujaTa Mery KocMunKUTe 3ohu. TaKa, Kaj HapoguTe og EBpoa3uja (oco6eHo Hej3UHUTe ceBepHU genoBu), ce 3a6e-ne^eHU BepyBaaa geKa Kpy^HOTo He6o poTupa oKony roneM KnuHe^ nocTaBeH KaKo ^HTpanHa ocKa bo BceneHaTa, HajnecTo U3egHaneH co nonapHaTa SBe3ga u co „nano-kot Ha cBeTOT". Bo upaHcKaTa MUTonoruja, Taa ce HapeKyBana „Mex-u MajaH acMaH" („KnuHe^ bo cpeguHaTa Ha He6oTo"). TaKBU BepyBaaa, Mery gpyroTo ce 3a6ene^eHU u bo noncKa.70 OBoj aKcujaneH cuM6on, necTo ce MaHU^ecTupa u bo ^UTOMop^U3upaH o6nuK - KaKo KocMunKo gpBo. Bo cnynajoT co ^pe^HUTe, OBaa BapujaHTa Morena eBeH-TyanHo ga 6uge KogupaHa npeKy KUTKaTa og 6ocuneK unu gpyru pacTeHuja (na u nepgy-bot), 3a6ogyBaHU bo ^HTapoT Ha ^pe^HaTa, nopagu MarucKU npunuHU /T.I:4/. no3Ha-tu hm ce u npuMepu Kage motmb Ha cTunu3upaHo gpBo 6un Bpe^yBaH bo caMaTa ^pe^Ha /T.I:14/.71 AKcujanHOTo Kogupaae Mo«e ga ce ugeHTU^UKyBa u bo B^pTyBafteTO KpcT Ha gHOTo og ^pe^HaTa /T.I:4,9/ u ^aKTOT mTo npuKa^aHUTe npegMeTU ce Ha6ogyBane 68 3a KUHecKU0T: fl. Bogge, Mh^h ... , 383, 384, 388; B. E. HapmeB, CKynbnTypa ... , 40-42; 3a y6enypu: r. r. rioTep6oK, XeTTCKaa ... , 188; 3a HHgucKuoT npuMep: R. Cavendish, T. O. Ling, Mitologija ... , 26. 3a Epoc: fl. CpejoBuh, A. ^pMaHoBuh, Pe^HHK ... , 145,146. Onmro 3a oBue mhtobh: H. Haycuguc, KocMuonomKH ... , 21, 364, 365. M rp^KHTe fluocKypu ce paraaT og jaj^. 69 3a KocMonomKHTe HKoHorpa^cKH mothbh Ha mapaHHTe jaj^a: Hhkoc Haycuguc, KocMonomKH ... , 87 - 89. 70 M. flpe3geH, Mu^onoraa ... , 344; CnaBaHCKue gpeBHocTH ... 2, 118, 494; 71 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHCKa KepaMHKa ... , 24 - Cn.15. 120 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob TOKMy Ha npeceKOT Ha HeroBuTe Kpa^M. HacnpoTu xpucTujaHcKuTe any3uu, Mo^eMe ga 6ugeMe curypHM geKa B^pTyBafteTO KpcT Ha gH0T0, uMano KapaKTep Ha huh Ha npoc-TopHo ge^uHupaae u KOCMM3a^Mja Ha ^pe^HaTa, ogHoCHo u3egHaHyBaae co 3eMjaTa u o3HanyBaae Ha HeTupuTe cTpaHu Ha 3eMjaTa T.e. CBeToT /T.I:4,9 cnopedu co T.VI:4/. BTopaTa npuHMHa 6una, npeKy nocTaByBaaeTo Ha oBue xopu3oHTanHu HacoKu, ga ce onpegenu ^enmapom na ^ennama u Toj ga ce noucToBeTM co ^enmapom na 3eMjama, odnocno ceemom.72 He cTaHyBa 36op 3a ancTpaKTeH nouM, TyKy 3a eneMeHT Koj bo pa3-hu KynTypu, ce u3egHanyBan co peanHu unu 3aMucneHu o6jeKTu (jaMa, nemTepa, 6yHap, 6e3gHa ...). Oco6eHo MoKHa bo oBaa cMucna 6una cuM6onuHKaTa MgeHTM^MKa^Mja Ha ^eHTapoT Ha 3eMjaTa co yTpo6aTa Ha Eo^u^Ta - 3eMja, Hej3uHaTa MaTKa unu ymTe no-KoHKpeTHo - co BynBaTa, c^aTeHa KaKo BugnuB oTBop og Koj npou3neryBaaT 6narogaTu-Te mTo ru para 3eMjaTa, ho u oTBop Koj Bogu bo nog3MjeTo, ru ronTa ^0K0jHM^MTe u ceTo oHa mTo e ^pTByBaHo bo Hej3uHa necT.73 BaKBoTo 3Haneae Ha ^rnpanHaTa gnanKa bo ^pe^HaTa, ce cnegu u bo nocTapuTe enoxu. Bo HeonuTcKuoT nepuog, Ha EanKaHoT ce cpeKaBaaT cagoBu (oco6eHo nexapu), bo nuja namKa, Ha gHoTo e o3HaneH ^HTapoT, bo Bug Ha Mano Bgna6HyBaae. M bo aH-TuKaTa ce no3HaTu nnuTKu cagoBu (^ujanu), co u3BopHo KynTHa HaMeHa, Ha kou 6un o3HaneH ^HTapoT (oM^anoc), oBoj naT onpegenyBaH KaKo „nanoK".74 ^HTpanHuoT oTBop Ha ^pe^HaTa, bo pena^Mja co ucnamyBaaeTo mTo Toj ro ^opMupa Ha ne6oT (Hape-KyBaH „nanoK"), cornegaH og MaKpoKocMu^Ku acneKT uHTep^epupa co ymTe egeH mut-cku eneMeHT - „nanoKoT Ha cBeToT", c^aTeH KaKo caKpanu3upaH ^HTap Ha BceneHaTa (o3HanyBaH co cBeTu KaMeaa, cBeTu cTon6oBu), npeKy Koj ce ocTBapyBa KOMyHMKa^Mja Mery 3eMjaTa, He6oTo u nog3eMjeTo, Mery nyreTo u 6oroBuTe. npucyTeH e bo pa3Hu KynTypu: - Kaj CeMuTcKuTe Hapogu Toa e Bemun - cBeT KaMeH, nonuTyBaH Kaj EBpeuTe u Kaj ApanuTe, ymTe npeg npopoKoT; - Kaj aHTu^KuTe ^p^M, Toa e OMtfianoc - nanoKoT Ha cBeToT, no^MpaH bo cpegumTeTo Ha 3eMjaTa (o3HaneH co 6en KaMeH, nocTaBeH bo cBeTunumTeTo flen^u), 3a Koj ce Bp3yBan u oTBop mTo Bogen bo nog3eMjeTo; - cnu^Hu KynTHu o6jeKTu nocToene u Kaj PuMjaHuTe (Umbilicus mundi), ErunKaHuTe (Een6en) u Kaj KenTuTe. Bo BegcKuTe TpagM^MM, nanoKoT Ha cBeToT e npucyTeH bo MuToBuTe u o6peguTe. Bp3 „nanoKoT Ha Heco3gageHuoT" ce Haora „'pKyne^T Ha cBeToBuTe". Og nanoKoT Ha BumHy, nerHaT Ha npBo6uTHuoT oKeaH, HuKHyBa noTocoT, KaKo cuM6on Ha MaHu^ecTupaHuoT yHuBep3yM. Bo BegcKuTe o6pegu, Toj ce MaHu^ecTupa npeKy npaK-TuKaTa, cBeTuoT oraH u ^pTBeHuKoT ga ce nocTaByBaaT Ha cuM6onuHKuoT „nanoK Ha cBeToT", Koj bo BpeMeHcKa cMucna ro cuM6onu3upa „noneTOKoT Ha BceneHaTa". nanoKoT uMa roneMo 3Haneae u bo jorucTu^KuTe TexHuKu, KaKo To^Ka Ha MgeHTM^MKa^Mja Mery MaKpoKocMocoT u MuKpoKocMocoT (caMuoT joruH). Kaj ceBepHuTe Hapogu, „nanoKoT Ha cBeToT" ce Bp3yBa 3a nonapHaTa SBe3ga, Koja u peanHo ce go^uByBa KaKo „nanoK Ha He6oTo" (^HTpanHa HenogBu^Ha 3Be3ga, oKony Koja poTupaaT gpyruTe cosBe3guja).75 KaKo mTo BugoBMe, KnMHe^OT 3a6ogeH bo ^HTapoT Ha ^pe^HaTa Mo»e ga uMa gBe 3Haneaa: 72 H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 17, 18, 22, 23, 102 - 107. 73 H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 39, 57, 58, 78, 96, 99, 107, 205, 227. 74 3a HeonuTcKuTe nexapu: fl. 3gpaBKoBcKu, CpegeH ... , 104, 141; 3a aHTu^HuTe cagoBu: M. Mapa3oB, Xygo^e-cTBeHu ... , 143. 75 J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rjecnik ... , 37,38, 454,455; Mu^bi Hap. ... T. 2, 350. 121 ^pe^Ha m BpmHUK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTu^Ka aHanu3a - ®anyc Ha npuKa^aHaTa ^urypa - CTon6 Ha Koj e nocTaBeHa ^urypaTa Og hmb npou3neryBaaT gBa koh^otm Ha KocMonomKaTa cuM6onuKa Ha ^pe^HaTa, kom Ke ru npeTcTaBMMe bo HapegHMTe nacycu. b) MamKMOT hmk (= „qoBeqeTo"), bo xweporaMMja co MajKaTa-3eMja (= ^enHa) KaKo mT0 BeKe peK0BMe, cnopeg npB0T0 3Hanefte, KnuHe^T ro cuM6onM3upa ^anycoT Ha npuKa^aHuoT MamKM nuK, Koj co BpB0T npogupa bo ^pe^HaTa, ogHocHo bo oTBopoT BTucHaT bo Hej3MHM0T ^HTap, mTo ja cuM6onM3upa BynBaTa Ha MajKaTa-3eMja. Bo egeH BaK0B KoHTeKcT, ^nuoT o6peg Ha M3pa6oTKa Ha ^pe^HaTa, Hej3MH0T0 npeKpcTyBaae, 03HaHyBaaeT0 Ha ^HTapoT m ocKaTa, KaKo m nocTaByBaaeTo Ha ^u-rypaTa Bp3 Hea, Mo»e ga hocm jacHM o6ene^ja Ha KocMoroHuja, Koja ^MHumupa co xueporaMuja Mery „TOBeneTo" (He6o) m ^pe^HaTa (= 3eMja): - Meceae Ha rnuHaTa = npuMopgujaneH xaoc; Memaae Ha npaeneMeHTMTe (3eMja m Boga). - Mogenupaae Ha ^pe^HaTa = co3gaBaae Ha 3eMjaTa, onpegenyBaae Ha Hej3MHUTe pa6oBM. - npeKpcTyBaae Ha ^pe^HaTa = opMeHTa^Mja, onpegenyBaae Ha cTpaHMTe Ha 3eMjaTa T.e. cBeT0T. - nocTaByBaae Ha KnMHe^0T unu HeKoj gpyr BepTUKaneH eneMeHT bo ^HTpan-HM0T oTBop Ha ^pe^HaTa = onpegenyBaae Ha ^HTapoT Ha 3eMjaTa m nocTaByBaae Ha KocMMHKaTa ocKa. - Co3gaBaae Ha MamKuoT nuK og mctmot MaTepujan = co3gaBaae Ha cmhot m con-pyroT Ha MajKaTa-3eMja. - 3a6ogyBaae Ha KnMHe^0T co ^urypaTa, bo ^HTapoT Ha ^pe^HaTa=xueporaMuja T.e. nonoB KoHTaKT Ha MamKuoT nuK co MajKaTa - 3eMja /T.II:1/, KaKo ycnoB 3a Hej3MHaTa nnogHocT m 3a co3gaBaaeTo Ha gpyruTe kocmmhkm eneMeHTM (ne6oT, xpaHaTa, H0BeK0T ...). r) MamKMOT hmk (= „qoBeqeTo") »pTByBaH Ha Kocmm^kmot ctohö (= KHMHe^T) Cnopeg BTopuoT acneKT, KnMHe^0T Ha Koj e npu^pcTeHo „TOBeneTo", Mo»e ga ce npoTonKyBa KaKo „Gron6 Ha cBeT0T", Ha nuj BpB ce Haora npuKa^aHuoT nuK. OBaa MMTonomKa napagurMa (MamKM mmtckm nuK T.e. 6o^ecTBo, n0^MpaH0 Ha BpB0T og Koc-MMHKM0T cTon6 unu gpBo) e MomHe pacnpocTpaHeTa bo KpyroT Ha MHgoeBponcKUTe KynTypu m nomupoKo. ^mkot og BpB0T Ha cTon6oT unu gpB0T0 hocm HeKonKy 3Haneaa M ^yH^MM. Bor-MegwjaTop. HajnecTo, Toa e 6or Koj K0MyHM^Mpa co KocMMHKUTe 30hm (3eMja - He6o, 3eMja - nog3eMje), TaKa mT0 npeHecyBa Mery hmb pa3HM eneMeHTM m nopaKu, nopagu mT0 necTo e M3egHaneH co maMaHMTe kom naTyBaaT hm3 KocMMHKUTe 30hm. Bo paMKMTe Ha o6pegoT repMaH (oco6eHo HeKou HeroBM, go6po goKyMeHTupaHM poMaHcKM BapujaHTu), Ha oBoj nuK jacHo My ce npenopanyBa ga ogu Kaj 6ora m ga ro u3Monu 3a go^g („KanojeHe jeHe / Odu Ha He6omo u no6apaj / ffa ce omBopam nopmume, / ffa ce nyrnmam àoMÔoBume, / ffa menam KaKo peKu, / ffewe u HoKe, / ffa nopacHe nemHuHa-ma"). M bo gpyru o6pegu og cn0BeHcKM0T KoMnneKc e MomHe MHTeH3UBH0 npucyTeH 122 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob acneKToT Ha ucnpaKawe npamenuK Ha„oho) CBem".76 Bo egHa necHa og Byrapuja Koja ce nee npeg „KonegHoTo gpBo" e npeTcTaBeHa o6paTHaTa BapujaHTa, bo Koja Toa ce M3eg-HanyBa co Kocmmhkoto gpBo (co KopeH go 3eMja, rpaHKM go He6o) no Koe Ke cne3e Ha 3eMja „MnaguoT 6or".77 HoBopogeH 6or. Bo apxauHHMTe KynTypu, nocToen ogpegeH cTeneH Ha M3egHa-neHocT Ha ^oKojHM^MTe m ge^Ta (oco6eHo HepogeHMTe unu TyKymTo pogeHMTe), no-pagu BepyBaaaTa geKa Tue goaraaT og „oHoj cBeT". OTTyKa, MMa npuMepu Kage oBaa KaTeropuja nuKoBM ce npuKa^yBa Ha Kocmmhkmot cTon6 bo cege^Ka no3a, Koja nopagu nogurHaTMTe m cBMTKaHM Ho3e m pa^, anygupa Ha no3aTa Ha ^eTycoT (=„3aneToK Ha hob ^mbot"). BaKBaTa ^03M^Mja, necTo KoM6uHupaHa co ^anyc bo epe^uja, ro ogpa-3yBa KapaKTepoT Ha oBoj nuK KaKo cmh Ha MajKaTa - 3eMja, ho ucToBpeMeHo m KaKo Hej3MH conpyr, na m KaKo noKojHMK (Bugu ro cnegHuoT nacyc m HaTaMy).78 M bo HeKou BapujaHTM Ha o6pegoT repMaH m Japuno, oBoj nuK e eK^nM^MTHo npeTcTaBeH KaKo mom-ne unu geTe /T.IV:2,4-7/.79 Bor Koj yMMpa. noBeKe o6ene^ja Ha nuKoBMTe og BpBoT Ha cTon6oT unu gpBoTo, hmb ru M3egHanyBaaT co KaTeropujaTa „He^MBu" unu KoHKpeTHo - co ^oKojHM^MTe kom, KaKo m maMaHMTe, ce bo cocToj6a ga ce gBM^aT HM3 KocMMHKMTe 3ohm. Ha BaKBuoT Ka-paKTep Mo«e ga ynaTyBa cnoMHaTaTa no3a Ha ^eTyc, aKo 3eMeMe npegBug geKa bo npe-gucTopucKMTe enoxu (a bo ogpegeHM genoBM Ha cBeToT m ^ogo^Ha), bo Taa no3a 6une norpe6yBaHM ^oKojHM^MTe (hmbho BpaÉaae bo MajKaTa-3eMja, bo no3a Ha ^eTyc, 3a Taa noBTopHo ga ru o^MBee m nopogu). OBoj KapaKTep, bo o6pegoT repMaH e npucyTeH npeKy 6pojHM KoHKpeTHM nocTanKM Ha norpe6yBaae Ha ucTouMeHuoT nuK, a MMnnu-^MTHo m npeKy HeroBoTo npeTcTaByBaae He caMo KaKo MoM^e, TyKy m KaKo cTape^ T.e. gego /T.IV:8-10/.80 ^pTByBaH 6or. HuKoBMTe nocTaBeHM Ha BpBoT og cTon6oT unu gpBoTo, ce oco6e-ho necTo ^pTByBaHM, co ^n, npeKy oBue cuM6onu Ha KocMMHKaTa ocKa ga gocneaT bo gpyruTe cBeToBM, 3a ga ja ocTBapaT 3aganaTa nopagu Koja ce ^pTByBaHM, m Toa: - KaKo gap Koj Ke ru oMunocTMBM 6oroBMTe. - KaKo ^nacHM^M kom Ke ja npeHecaT go hmb nopaKaTa Ha nyreTo. - KaKo MHBecTM^Mja Ha HeKoj eneMeHT unu KaTeropuja, cogp^aHM bo hmb (^mbot, MnagocT, nnogHocT). OBaa MMTcKa napagurMa ctom bo ocHoBaTa Ha pa3HM o6pegu Ha ^pTByBaae nyr e, Ka3HyBaae unu e^3eKy^Mja Ha ^pecTa^HM^MTe unu 3apo6eHM^MTe, cnpoBegyBaHa Ha pa3HM o6jeKTM, KOH^M^MpaHM bo Bug Ha BepTMKanHM cTon6oBM. BecunKaTa, KpcToT 3a pacnHyBaae, na gypu m „cTon6oT Ha cpaMoT" m „TpKanoTo 3a Maneae" ce gpBja m / unu cTon6oBM, npeKy kom Ka3HeTMTe Tpe6ane ga oTugaT Ha oHoj cBeT. KoHe^Ho, cTon6 e m K0ne^0T Ha Koj ce Ha6uBane Ka3HyBaHMTe. Bo nocnegHuoB cnynaj MMaMe napagurMa Koja, cnopeg BM3yenHMTe acneKTM, Mo^e6u Hajgo6po coogBeTcTByBa Ha K0HCTena^MjaTa co „noBeneTo", HacageHo Ha BepTMKanHuoT KnMHe^ /cnopedu T.II:1 co T.VII:2,3/. 76 ^MTaT: H. H. Bene^Kaa, PyguMeHTbi ... , 91; C. H. Koctobt., KynTT.TT. ... , 113. 3a ucnpaûamemo Ha „oHoj CBem": H. H. Bene^Kaja, MHoroôo^a^Ka ... , 41 - 151. 77 M. BacuneBa, Konega ... , 15, 17. 78 H. Haycuguc, CuMÔonuKaTa ... , 83; H. Haycuguc, Mmtckmtc ... , 359-365. 79 Ha npuMep: C. TerneB, Oôu^au ... , 348, 349; C. H. Koctobt., KynTTTT. ... , 114. 80 3a repMaH KaKo cTape^ C. TerneB, Oômau ... , 349. 123 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a CygejKu cnopeg oBue TonKyBaaa, „HoBeHeTo" og KyHeBumTe 6u Moreno ga ro npeTCTaByBa He caMo cBeTuoT 6paK, TyKy u :«pTByBaaeTo Ha MamKuoT mmtckm nuK, KaKo ycnoB 3a co3gaBaaeTo Ha cBeToT. M bo oBoj cnyHaj, BaKBoTo TonKyBaae noBTo-poHo hm ce huhu gocTa BepojaTHo, 6ugejKu KOUH^ugupa co o6pegoT repMaH, Kage e npunuHHo jacHo geKa rnaBHuoT MamKu nuK yMupa (HeroBaTa ^urypa ce norpe6yBa, ce ^pna bo Boga), 3a co Toa ga ce npegu3BUKa go^g. OBa e TpaHcnapeHTHo npeTcTaBe-ho bo o6pegHUTe necHu, Kage ce Benu „yMpen repMaH od cyta 3a Kutua".81 npucyTHu ce u eneMeHTu kom HenocpegHo ynaTyBaaT Ha TpaHC^O3U^ujaTa Ha repMaH u HeroBoTo Teno bo Be^eTa^uja. HeroBUTe norpe6Hu npo^cuu HajHecTo ce gBu^ene HU3 nonuaaTa u rpaguHUTe, a bo HeKou cnyHau, HeroBaTa ^urypa ce pacKpmyBana u ce pac^pnana HU3 HUBaTa. McToHHocnoBeHcKuoT Japuno ce norpe6yBan bo noneTo. Bo egHa necHa 3a KanojaH (BapujaHTa Ha repMaH), jacHo ce anocrpo^upa oBoj KapaKTep („Epame, úpame KanojaHe, / Hue me no^pe6yBaMe / He 3a da ^Huew, / TyKy 3a da 3a3eneHutu).82 g) MamKMOT hmk („qoBeqeTo") KaKo ^epcoHM$MKa^Mja Ha KoCMM^KMTe eneMeHTM m KaTeropMM CornegaH Ha MaKpoKocMUHKo hubo, nuKoT Ha „HoBeHeTo" Mo«e ga ce U3egHaHU co HeKonKy kocmuhku eneMeHTu kou bo cnyHajoB ro HocaT KapaKTepoT Ha MaKpoKoeMUHKU Manufiecma^u na MawKuom npun^n. Bo pa3BueHUTe MUTcKo-penurucKU cucTeMU, oBue acneKTU ce Meryce6Ho npoTKaeHU (KaKo Ha npuMep, bo cnyHajoT co ArHU u Epoc). Bo egeH gegyKTUBeH npucTan, hmb Mo^eMe ga ru ugeHTU^UKyBaMe u Kaj „HoBeHeTo" u HeroBUTe ogHocu co ^pe^HaTa, npu mTo oTcycTBoTo Ha goBonHo eKC^nu^UTHU apry-MeHTU, noBTopHo Ke ro KoMneH3upaMe npeKy pena^uuTe Mery „HoBeHeTo" u repMaH og egHa, u Mery ^pe^HaTa u ge^aTa og gpyra cTpaHa: - He6o m He6ecKa CBeraMHa. He6oTo unu noToHHo - He6ecKaTa cBeTnuHa, bo ap-xauHHUTe KynTypu HecTo hocu KapaKTep Ha MaKpoKocMUHKa enu^aHuja Ha MamKaTa nnogoHocHa cuna, na u noKoHKpeTHo - Ha cnepMaTa. npu Toa, 6enaTa gHeBHa cBeTnuHa ce TpeTupa KaKo 3ace6eH eneMeHT, He3aBuceH og coHHeBaTa cBeTnuHa, Koj Mery gpy-roTo e bo pena^uja co 6enaTa cBeTnuHa Ha MonaaTa, ho u co 6enaTa 6oja Ha cnepMaTa. 3eMajKu ro oBa npegBug, bo BpcKa co HamaTa TeMa 6u Moreno ga ce anocTpo^upa BeKe HaBegeHoTo BepyBaae geKa Hajgo6pa ge^a e oHaa Koja e HanpaBeHa og gpBo Ha jacuKa bo Koja ygpun rpoM. Bo oBaa cuTya^uja, ygapoT Ha rpoMoT T.e. MonaaTa (MamKu eneMeHT) bo gpBoTo („^hcko" cnopeg cBojoT Ha3UB u KapaKTep), ce U3egHaHyBa co xueporaMujaTa, Koja ce 3eMa KaKo ycnoB 3a pogunHaTa ^yH^uja Ha ge^aTa, ynoTpe6e-Ha bo cTacyBaaeTo Ha ne6oT.83 - CoHHeBaTa TonnMHa m CBeraMHa. Bo ucToHHocnoBeHcKUTe o6uHau, MoKTa Ha ge^aTa ce nonpaBana TaKa mTo Taa ce ocTaBana HagBop, 3a ga ro goHeKa U3rpeBoT Ha nponeTHoTo coh^. M onnaKyBaaeTo Ha Japuno (eKBUBaneHT Ha repMaH) 3anoHHyBa no 3aoraaeTo Ha coh^to.84 81 C. reHHeB, O6uHau ... , 349, 350; C. H. Koctobt, KynTTTT ... , 109 (uMa u oópaTHU npuMepu: „... od Kutua 3a cyrna"). 82 ^UTaT: H. H. Bene^Kaa, PyguMeHTbi ... , 91; H. H. Bene^Kaa, ^3biHecKaa ... , 79, 80; 3a norpeóyBaaeTo Ha Japuno bo noneTo: C. H. Koctobt, KynTTTT ... , 112. 83 3a oBa: M. Elijade, Okultizam ... , 141-183; H. Haycuguc, MuTcKUTe ... , 448-454. 84 3a ge^aTa: CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTU ... 2, 47, 3a Japuno: C. H. Koctobt., KynTTTT ... , 112. 124 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob - OraH. OBoj eneMeHT He ro a^eHTupaMe noce6Ho, co orneg Ha Toa mTO ^pe^-HaTa, HM3 noBeKeTo og cBouTe acneKTu Ha co3gaBaae, nocToeae u ^yH^uoHupaae e HenocpegHo Bp3aHa 3a orHoT. noKpaj yTunuTapHuTe guMeH3uu Ha oBaa BpcKa, 3a6ene-^eHM ce u ogpegeHM MarucKu KoHTaKTu Ha ^pe^HaTa co orHoT unu co eneMeHTuTe Ha orHMmTeTo (o6pegHo Kageae, gonup co MamaTa, co orHumHuoT npeKnag u co gpyruTe eneMeHTu Ha orHumTeTo).85 - He6ecKM Bogu T.e. go^g. KaKo mTo BugoBMe, bo npo^coT Ha co3gaBaaeTo Ha ne6oT, MamKaTa - onnogyBa^Ka KoMnoHeHTa ce 6a3upa Bp3 u3egHanyBaaeTo Ha KBace-^0T co cnepMaTa (KBace^0T e „TaTKo Ha ne6oT"). Ha MaKpoKocMu^Ko hubo, oBue ene-MeHTu uHTep^epupaaT co go^goT, c^aTeH KaKo cnepMa Ha HeKoj og He6ecKuTe 6oroBu. OBaa pena^uja e jacHo ogpa3eHa hu3 ^ktot mTo bo HeKou ucTo^HocnoBeHcKu roBopu, KBace^T ce HapeKyBa „Kurna", mTo bo jy^HocnoBeHcKuTe ja3u^u 3Hanu go^g. Ha oBa ynaTyBaaT u HeKou fyproBgeHcKu o6pegu (eBugeHTupaHu bo Byrapuja) bo kou, 6e3geT-hu ^eHu, paHo HayTpo, Ha nuBaguTe ce TpKanane ronu no pocaTa 3a ga 3aHHaT, unu naK co6upane poca 3a ga „^aTaT KBac" 3a Meceae ne6.86 OBaa BpcKa 6u Morena necHo ga ce o6jacHu npeKy gBa rnaronu, nuu KopeHu ce cogp^aHu u bo Ha3uBuTe 3a KBace^ u 3a düMÓ. O6aTa rnaronu o3HanyBaaT HaTonyBaae co Te^HocT: - KucHeae: Kurna (go^g); Kurna (KBace^ - KBaceae: go^goT ja KBacu (HaTonyBa u onnogyBa) 3eMjaTa; KBac, KBa^c (ro Ha-TonyBa u „onnogyBa" 6pamHoTo). BpcKaTa Ha repMaH u go^goT (KaKo ^aKTop Ha onnogyBaae Ha 3eMjaTa) e coceM jacHo Ha3HaneHa hu3 pa3HuTe eneMeHTu og HeroBuoT o6peg.87 - ^MK^MqHMOT (KaneHgapcKM) m pogoBCKUoT (ceMeeH) acneKT Ha „qoBeqeTo". Bo ^aKTuTe npe3eHTupaHu og M. C. ^ununoBuÉ e jacHo anocTpo^upaH ^uKnuHH0-BpeMeHcKuoT, KaneHgapcKuoT unu KoHKpeTHo - rogumHuoT acneKT Ha „HoBeneTo". Ot-KaKo Ke ce HanpaBu, HeroBaTa ^urypa ce qyBa hu3 ^naTa roguHa, cé gogeKa ugHaTa roguHa, npu cnegHaTa KaMnaaa Ha u3pa6oTKa Ha ^pe^Hu, He ce HanpaBu gpyra. Co Toa, naHcKaTa ^urypa ja 3aBpmyBa cBojaTa ynora u ce yHumTyBa, ogHocHo ce ocTaBa Ha TaBaHoT Mery rpeguTe („y 3aBany Me^y rpegaMa"). TonKyBaaaTa Ha B. HajKaHoBuK, Koj goMamHuoT TaBaH ro onpegenyBa KaKo npecTojyBanumTe Ha nonuHaTuTe ^peg^u u xtohcku npocTop, ^ununoBuÉ ru 3eMa KaKo apryMeHT bo npunor Ha Toa geKa u ^u-rypaTa Ha „HoBeneTo" e BcymHocT ugon Koj ru uHKapHupa gymuTe Ha ^peg^uTe. Bo npunor Ha oBa, Toj ru HaBegyBa u3BecTyBaaaTa go6ueHu bo 1951 roguHa, og ceno Hynep (bo cocegcTBo Ha KyneBumTe), cnopeg Koe TaKBuTe ^urypuHu He ce gaBane HagBop og KyKaTa, nopagu BepyBaaeTo geKa Ke yMpe HeKoj og Toa ceMejcTBo.88 CornacyBajKu ce bo rno6anHu paMKu co oBaa uHTep^peTa^uja, bo npunor Ha Hea HaBegyBaMe ymTe HeKou apryMeHTu. Bo HeKou nogpanja Ha Byrapuja, u ^urypuHaTa Ha repMaH ce ocTaBana Ha TaBaH (bo HeKou cnynau, noKpaj Hero Mopano ga uMa u nama Boga). Cnopeg HeKou BepyBaaa, Toa ce npaBeno 3a Toj ga 6uge 6nucKy go o6na^uTe, 3a oTTaMy ga ru goHece bo cenoTo. 85 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... , 149,150. 86 3a KBace^0T HapeKyBaH „Kurna": CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 2, 252-254; 3a oópeguTe co poca: A. KanoaHoB, CTapoótnrapcKoTo ... , 101. 87 C. H. Koctobt., KynTT.TT. ... , 120. 88 M. C. OununoBuh, ®eHcKa KepaMuKa ... , 147, 148; 3a TaBaHoT KaKo xtohcku npocTop u npecTojyBanumTe Ha ^peg^uTe: B. HajKaHoBuh, O Maruju ... , 60-73 (cTaTuja „CBeKpBa Ha TaBaHy"). 125 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuTonomKO - ceMuOTu^Ka aHanu3a HeKage e 3a6ene^eHa u ^eHCKa ^urypuHa, KaKo naHgaH Ha rnuHeHuoT repMaH, Koja ucto TaKa ce ocTaBana Ha TaBaH, rnaBHo 3a ga 6paHu og rpag. Ce npaBena bo Bug Ha KyKna, og rpaHKa Ha pogHo gpBo u Kpnu, a ce HapeKyBana EedoKuja unu Pocu^.89 Kaj HeKou cu6upcKu Hapogu (K0HKpeTH0 XaHTUTe), cé go MUHaTU0T BeK er3ucTu-pan o6unajoT, ceKoj HOBeK ga uMa cBoja „uTTapMa" - cegumTe Ha HeroBaTa gyma, npeT-cTaBeHo npeKy HeKoe ^ubotho unu HeroB gen (cymeHa ^a6a, rymTep, KapnuHHa KocKa og noc ...). TaKBuoT ^eTum, 3aBUTKaH bo Kpnu, unu nuKHaT bo caHgane, ce ocTaBan Ha TaBaHoT, Kage nocTeneHo ce pacnaran.90 Cpeg gpBeHuoT uHBeHTap npoHajgeH npu apxeonomKUTe ucKonyBaaa Ha cpeg-H0BeK0BHUTe cnoBeHCKu KyKu og nogpanjeTO Ha Pycuja u noncKa, ce jaByBa u egHa KaTeropuja Manu cTaTyeTu og pe36apeH0 gpBo, o6nuKyBaHu bo Bug Ha aHTponoMop^u-3upaH ^anyc IT. V:1,2,4,5I. nocTojaT Te3u geKa ce pa6oTu 3a goMamHu ugonu bo kou 6un uHKapHupaH ceMejHuoT npegoK, ogHocHo gymaTa T.e. nnogoHocHaTa cuna Ha MamKUTe ^peg^u og Toj pog.91 HarnaceHUTe MamKu o6ene^ja u orpaHuneHuOT ceMeeH KapaKTep Ha „noBeneTo" og CKoncKa ^Ha ropa, bo KoHTeKCT Ha npuno^eHUBe K0M^apa^uu, hu gaBaaT 3 a npaBo ga npeTnocTaBUMe geKa, noKpaj HaBegeHUTe HenocpegHu ^yH^uu co ^pe^HUTe, HeroBaTa ^urypa Morena ga ro 3acTanyBa u oBoj rno6aneH MamKu acneKT Ha ceMejcTB0T0. 3a pa3nuKa og OununoBUK u HajKaHOBUK, bo oBoj cnynaj cMe cKnoHu TaBaHoT ga ro npoTonKyBaMe He TonKy KaKo 30Ha Ha xtohckoto (n0g3eMH0T0), TyKy KaKo npeTCTaB-HUK Ha „oHoj cBeT", Koj bo pena^ujaTa „KpoB = He6o" noBeKe KopecnoHgupa co pajoT (bo cnoBeHCKUTe ja3u^u u3BopHo HapeKyBaH „upen" I „Bbipuñ"), no^upaH bo ropHUTe 30hu Ha BceneHaTa unu Ha Hej3UHUTe pa6oBu.92 OaKTUTe npuno^eHu og cTpaHa Ha M. C. OununoBUK UM^nu^upaaT Te3a geKa „ho-BeneTo", Moreno ga ro uHKapHupa u rogumHuoT ^UKnyc, c^aTeH bo cBojaTa BpeMeHCKa u I unu BereTaTUBHa guMeH3uja. Toa ro cuM6onu3upano 6u0n0mK0T0 BpeMe T.e. 6oroT - UHKapHa^uja Ha BereTaTUBHaTa roguHa, Koj HanponeT ce para, neT0T0 u eceHTa pacTe u co3peBa, a koh KpajoT Ha roguHaTa yMupa, KaKo ycnoB - cnegHaTa nponeT noBTopHo ga o^uBee u ga ce pogu. M bo paMKUTe Ha oBoj acneKT e M0»Ha BpcKaTa Ha „noBeneTo" co repMaH, nuja cMpT bo o6peguTe e 0CH0BeH npegycnoB 3a nnogoHocHuoT go^g Koj Ke ro npegu3BUKa pacT0T Ha Be^eTa^ujaTa. Bo 0Baa cMucna ce uHTepecHu HaBegeHUTe o6pegHu necHu bo kou jacHo ce Benu geKa Toj He e norpe6aH 3a ga rHue, TyKy ga 3a3eneHu. Hacnpo-Tu UH^ugeHTHU0T KapaKTep Ha o6pegoT repMaH (HeroBo u3BegyBaae bo cnynaj Ha cyma), cenaK Toj rnaBHo ce npaKTUKyBan HanponeT, a Toa 3Hanu - bo nepuogoT Ha 6ygeaeT0 Ha Be^eTa^uja (oKony fyproBgeH, na ce go neTpoBgeH, unu naK Ha ogpegeH geH, 6poeH bo ogHoc Ha BenurgeH).93 Bo 0Baa cMucna, a bo BpcKa co ^UKnuHH0T0 „3aMUHyBaae" Ha „H0BeneT0" Ha TaBaH, e uHTepecHo ga noTceTUMe Ha CnoBeHCKUTe u 6anKaHCKUTe hobo-rogumHu BepyBaaa bo kou, Ha noneTOKOT og roguHaTa, cBeTuoT nuK (Bo^uk u HeroBUTe eKBUBaneHTu), BneryBa bo KyKaTa ogrope - og TaBaHoT unu HU3 oyaKOT. 89 H. Mukob, ArnponoMop^Ha ... , 188-191, 197 (^eHCKaTa 4>urypa ocTaHyBana 3aceKoram Ha TaBaHGT). 90 3. n. CoKonoBa, HaxogKu ... , 143-154. 91 npuMepu, amnorau, UHTep^peTa^uu u nuTepaTypa 3a GBue npegMeTu. H. Haycuguc, MuTCKUTe ... , 348353; W. Filipowiak, Wolinska ... ; ; B. A. PbióaKGB, ^3. gp. Pycu ... , 496-501. EgeH TaKGB KepaMu^Ku npegMeT (xpoHonomKu HeonpegeneH) e npoHajgeH u bo OKonuHaTa Ha BuTona IT.V:3I. 92 CnaBaHCKue gpeBHOcTu ... 2, 422, 423; B. A. WcneHCKUM, OunonormecKue ... , 59,60, 144-146. 93 H. H. Bene^Kaa, ^3braecKaa ... , 78,79; M o6pegoT Japuno ce u3BegyBan koh koh KpajoT Ha anpun (C. H. Koctobt, KynTTTT ... , 114). 126 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob r) KoMnapaTMBHa aHanM3a Ako ce cornacuMe geKa KnuHe^0T Ha Koj ce o^opMyBana ^urypuHaTa Ha „HOBe-HeTo" ja cuMóonu3upan „KocMuHKaTa ocKa" T.e. „cTonóoT Ha cBeTOT" unu „kocmuhkoto gpBo", Toram KaKO aHanoruu 3a oBoj nuK Mo^eMe ga npuno^uMe HeKonKy óo^ecTBa, mutcku nuKOBu u gpyru Tpagu^uu og pa3Hu genoBu Ha cBeTOT. Bo hub, oBaa MuTcKa npeTcTaBa e MaHu^ecTupaHa bo nuKOBHuoT MeguyM (bo Bug Ha MuTcKa cnuKa), bo Bep-óanHuoT (3anumaHu unu u3roBopeHu mutobu) u bo a^uoHuoT MeguyM (bo Bug Ha pa3-hu oópegHu gejcTBuja). Bo npogon^eHue HaBegyBaMe HeKou og oBue nuKOBu, npu mTo, bo 3aóenemKuTe anocrpo^upaMe Ha HeKou cnuHHocTu co „HOBeHeTo" og KyHeBumTe u co repMaH KaKO HeroB xunoTeTuHeH eKBuBaneHT. - CnoBeHCKM TpagM^MM ApxeonomKM npegMeTu. Bo CeBepHuTe peruoHu Ha TepMaHuja, noncKa u CeBe-po3anagHa Pycuja ce npoHajgeHu HeKonKy MuHujaTypHu npegMeTu, u3neaHu bo MeTan, kou cogp^aT npeTcTaBa, no cBojaTa uKOHorpa^cKa, na u K0M^03u^ucKa cTpyKTypa MomHe ónucKa Ha ^urypaTa og KyHeBumTe, goKonKy Taa ce cornega 3aegH0 co KnuHe-^0T Ha Koj óuna nocTaBeHa /cnopedu T.II:1 co 4-8/. Co orneg Ha Toa, KaKO u cnoBeHc-KaTa npunagHocT Ha óapeM HeKou og oBue npegMeTu, hub TyKa Ke ru TpeTupaMe KaKO HajHenocpegHu napanenu 3a HameTo „HOBeHe", nopagu mTo um oópaKaMe u noceóHo BHuMaHue.94 npBuoT npuMepoK noTeKHyBa og HoBropog, u3neaH e og onoBo (BucuHa 7,5 cm), ce gaTupa bo 12. BeK, a ce onpegenyBa (óe3 ocoóeH cucTeM Ha apryMeHTupaae) KaKO KynTeH npegMeT Koj HaBogHo ro npuKa^yBan naraHocnoBeHcKuoT óor nepyH /T.II:5/. CygejKu cnopeg MecT0T0 Ha Haoraae u nomupoKuTe cTuncKo-TexHonomKu oóene^ja, Toj ce Bp3yBa 3a cpegHOBeKOBHuTe cnoBeHcKu KynTypu og oBoj peruoH.95 OnoBeH npegMeT, MomHe cnuHeH Ha npeTxogHuoT, gaTupaH bo uctuot BeK, e npoHajgeH u bo Opole, noncKa /T.II:4/.96 Ha nogpaHjeTo Ha TepMaHuja u noncKa ce oTKpueHu ymTe Tpu Me-TanHu npegMeTu kou, cnopeg cBojaTa ocHOBHa uK0H0rpa^cKa cTpyKTypa ce cnuHHu Ha npeTxogHuTe. Ce gaTupaaT paMK0BH0 bo 10 - 12. BeK, npu mTo ce cMeTa geKa cny^ene KaKO onKOBu 3a KaHuu (T.e. ^yTponu) Ha Ho^eBu. noTeKHyBaaT og Oldenburg /T.II:6/ u Schwedt /T.II:7/ (CeBepHa TepMaHuja), KaKO u og Brzesc Kujawsky (Kaj Wfoclawek, noncKa /T.II:8/), a ce npoHajgeHu bo KynTypHuTe cnoeBu Ha HacenóuTe, unu KaKO rpoóHu npuno3u.97 3aegHuHK0 oóene^je Ha neTTe Haogu e BepTuKanHuoT cTo^ep, Ha Huj BpB e npeTcTaBeHa HOBeHKa ^urypa, Koja bo HeTupuTe cnyHau, Bp3 ocHOBa Ha npuKa^aHuTe MycTaKu e og MamKu non (HeTBpTaTa e npeTcTaBeHa bo KOHTypa). Bo npBuoT cnyHaj /T.II:5/, cTo^epoT uMa jacHu ^utomop^hu oóene^ja (koco nocTaBeHu rpaHHuaa), mTo 94 HaoranumTaTa og nogpaHjeTo Ha noncKa u TepMaHuja, bo rnoóanHu paMKu BneryBaaT bo TepuTopuuTe mTo bo cpegHuoT BeK óune HaceneHu co Hy^uHKuTe Cpóu u noMepaHcKuTe CnoBeHu. 95 M. B. CegoBa, ^BenupHMe ... , 75,76; B. B. CegoB, BocTOHHbie ... , 266, 286; T. fl. naHOBa, O Ha3HaHeHuu ... , 94, 95. 96 B. Gediga, Relikty ... , 105. 97 Ochobhu nogai^u, ogpegeHu TonKyBaaa Ha uKOHorpa^ujaTa Ha npegMeTuTe u hubho noBp3yBaae co He-Kou naraHocnoBeHcKu u gpyru TeoHuMu: I. Gabriel, Hof- und Sakralkultur ... , 161-171, 184 - 194. 127 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuT0n0mK0 - ceMuoTuHKa aHanu3a bo KOHTeKCT Ha TyKa npuKamaHuTe mmtobm 6m Momeno ga ce npoTonKyBa KaKO Koc-muhko gpBO, Ha Huj BpB ce Haora aHTponoMop^HuoT nuK, HajBepojaTHO co KapaKTep Ha 6omecTB0. Kaj BTopuoT npuMep /T.II:4/, HaMecTO „rpaHKuTe" CTomepoT e MpemecTO ucmpa^upaH, gogeKa Kaj TpeTuoT, Ha Hero HeMa HuKaKBu BHaTpemHu eneMeHTu TaKa mTO He nocTou M0mH0CT 3a noKOHpeTHO ugeHTu^uKyBarae Ha HeroBaTa peanHa napa-gurMa (ocBeH KaKO Kocmuhku cTon6 unu Mome6u KaKO mTaKu) /T.II:6/. Kaj HeTBpTuoT (a nocpegHO u neTTuoT) npuMepoK /T.II:7,8/, CTomepoT e ^opMupaH bo Bug Ha Hu3a og 7 unu 8 po3eTu, kou bo egHuoT cnyHaj HanuKyBaaT Ha conapHu gucKOBu (ucnaKHaTu Kpy-roBu, OKpymeHu co 3paHecT0 nocTaBeHu ^pTKu). BaKBaTa KOHCTena^uja, bo pena^uja co npuMepoKOT og HoBropog, ynaTyBa Ha HeKaKBO u3egHaHyBaae Ha Kocmuhkoto gpBO co coh^to u cBeTnuHaTa. OnpaBgyBaae 3a OBaa BpcKa HaoraMe bo MuTonoreMaTa 3a „flpBOTO Ha CBeTnuHaTa", Koe ro cuM6onu3upa gHeBHOTO He6o, ucnonHeTO co CBeTnoc-HuTe 3pa^u, u3egHaneHu co rpaHKuTe og HeroBaTa KpomHa.98 floKonKy nuKOT og CTon-6ot ce u3egHanu co maMaHOT, bo 0B0j cnyHaj MomaT ga 6ugaT uHTepecHu cu6upcKuTe npegaHuja 3a maMaHuTe kou naTyBaaT Ha 0H0j CBeT no namom no Koj ce ôbumu coH^mo unu oöpamm od He^o.99 TpuTe nocnegHu npegMeTu uMaaT HeKou 3aegHuHKu K0Mn0HeHTu. npBO, Toa e rpynaTa og muBOTHu, nocTaBeHu Ha CTomepoT /T.II:6,8/, kou bo egHuoT cnyHaj ce kom-6uHupaHu co HOBeHKu ^urypu (Bugu nogony). BTopaTa K0Mn0HeHTa e TpojHaTa pacHne-HeTOCT Ha gonHuoT gen og CTomepoT, Koja Ha npuMepoT og Brzesc Kujawsky u Schwedt /T.II:7,8/ e coceM egHOCTaBHa, gogeKa Kaj 0H0j og Oldenburg /T.II:6/, o^opMeHa bo Bug Ha nap muBOTuHCKu np0T0Mu u HOBeHKa unu muBOTuHCKa rnaBa nocTaBeHa Mery hub. Bo npBuTe gBa cnyHau /T.II:7,8/, 6u Momeno ga ce pa6oTu 3a HeKaKOB pacTuTeneH motub Koj BepojaTHO ro Kogupan K0peH0T Ha Kocmuhkoto gpBO, gogeKa bo BTopuoT /T.II:6/, 6u Momeno ga CTaHyBa 360p 3a npeTCTaBa Ha xtohckuot 6or (Mome6u HeroBaTa TpornaBa 300-aHTp0n0M0p^Ha xunocTa3a), Koj bo MuTOBuTe ce no^upa TOKMy bo KopeaaTa Ha kocmuhkoto gpBO.100 npucycTBOTO Ha x0pu30HTanHuTe unu Kocu ^pTu, bo 0B0j goneH gen og npegMeTuTe, CMe CKnoHu ga ro npoTonKyBaMe KaKO Kogupaae Ha 3eMHuTe Bogu. Ha npuMepoKOT og Brzesc Kujawsky, a uM^nu^uTH0 u Ha 0H0j og Schwedt, HOBeH-kuot nuK Ha BpBOT e npeTCTaBeH caMO og nonoBuHaTa Harope, mTO uM^nu^upa geKa gonHuoT gen Ha Her0B0T0 Teno e CToneH T.e. u3egHaHeH co caMuoT CTomep /T.II:7,8/. Toa e 3HaK 3a npo^cuTe Ha cuM6onuHKa ugeHTu^uKa^ujaTa Ha npuKamaHuoT nuK co Koc-muhkuot CTomep, mTO e jacHO u3pa3eH0 bo gpyruTe BapujaHTu Ha 0B0j Tun mutcku cnu-ku /cpeÖHoBeKoBHU npuMepu od EanKamm: T.II:2,3/.101 Ha npuMepoKOT og Oldenburg, CTomepoT e gononHeT co gBe, peHucu cuMeTpuHHu K0M^03u^uu, cocTaBeHu og nap muBOTHu u ^HTpanHa HOBeHKa ^urypa Mery hub /T.II:6/. HuBHaTa pa3nuHHa no3a Ha pa^Te (egHam cnymTeHu Ha nojacoT, a gpyr naT KpeHaTu Kpaj rnaBaTa), cornegaHa bo TyKa npegnomeHuoT KOCMonomKu KOHTeKCT 6u Momene ga ynaTyBaaT Ha gBe cnpoTuB-CTaBeHu ^a3u og HeKOj npo^c (pacT - onaraae, u3rpeB - 3ane3, nponeT - neTO, muBOT - CMpT ...). CMeTaMe geKa OBue eneMeHTu, KaKO u putmuhho pacnopegeHuTe muBOTHu 98 CBeTnocHaTa KOMnoHeHTa Ha Kocmuhkoto gpBO e npucyTHa u bo HeroBuTe Ha3uBu (JaceH, Mrgpacun). Bugu: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 313-316, 399, 400; B. H. TonopoB, flpeBO MupoBoe ... , 398 - 406; P. KyK, flpBO ... , 196 - 198; A. A^aHacbeB, nOTuHecKue ... , I, 122-125; N. Nodilo, Stara ... , 155-160. 99 A. O. Ahucumob, KocMonoruHecKue ... , 57, 58. 100 3a TpornaBuoT 300-aHTp0n0M0p^eH xtohcku nuK: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 244 - 249. 1013a oboj uKOHorpa^CKu Tun: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 365, 366. 128 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob Ha npuMepoKOT og Brzesc Kujawsky /T.II:8/, KogupaaT HeKaKOB guHaMu^Ku acneKT Ha cnuKaTa, Koj oneBugHo 6un bo goMeHOT Ha npuKa®aHuoT mmtckm nuK (gBu®eae Ha coh^to, BereTaTMBHM unu rno6anHo - BpeMeHcKu ^uKnycu).102 OBue BpeMeHcKo^uK-HHHHM ^yH^uu, bo HamuoT cnynaj 6u 6une bo pena^uja co ^uKnuHHOTO npaBeae u oT^pnaae Ha „TOBeneTo" og KyneBumTe, KaKo u co o6pegHoTo norpe6yBaae Ha ^ury-puTe Ha repMaH. 3a pa3nuKa og nocnegHuTe Tpu onKoBu, onoBHuTe npegMeTu og Opole u HoBro-pog uMane nouHaKoB KapaKTep /T.II:4,5/. Ce hmhm geKa Tue, npeKy gonHuoT gen (genyM-ho oTKpmeH), 6une HacageHu Ha BpBoT og HeKaKoB u3gon®eH npegMeT, Mo®e6u gpBeH cTan co KapaKTep Ha puTyaneH ®e3on. Bo npunor Ha pacnpocTpaHeTocTa Ha oBaa MuTCKa cnuKa bo EBponcKuoT cpegeH BeK, Mo»e ga ce 3eMe npucycTBoTo Ha cnu^Hu motubu bo KpyroT Ha MuHujaTypHuTe geKopa^uu Ha paKonucHu KHuru, gaTupaHu rnaBHo bo 13 - 14. BeK /T.X:1-4,6/. BpBoT Ha cTon6oT, HeKage gononHeT co pacTuTenHu eneMeHTu, TyKa ce TpaHc^opMupa bo TOBen-Ka ^urypa, Koja e HajnecTo npuKa®aHa og nonoBuHaTa Harope u nocTaBeHa bo pa3Hu no3u u recToBu.103 ETHorpa^Mja. TyKa npuKa®aHaTa MuTcKa cnuKa e npucyTHa bo HeKonKy o6pegu, eBugeHTupaHu bo cnoBeHcKuoT u 6anKaHcKuoT ^onKnop. npBuoT og hub e Bp3aH 3a Ta-KaHapeneHoTo „MajcKo gpBo" u ce coctou bo o6unajoT (3a6ene®eH bo ucTo^HocnoBeHc-kuot apean), ge^Ta ga ce KanyBaaT Ha oBue caKpanu3upaHu o6jeKTu /T. VII: 1/. BTopuoT cnar a bo KaTeropujaTa noKnagHu o6pegu bo kou, Mery gpyroTo 6una BKnyneHa cnegHaTa „uHCTana^uja": Ha cpeguHaTa og egHa roneMa ToBapHa caHKa, noKpaj ocTaHaToTo, ce nocTaByBan BepTuKaneH gpBeH cTon6, bo BucuHa og 9-10 apmuHu (6-7 MeTpu), Ha Koj ce ^uKcupano TpKano u 3a Hero ce Bp3yBano cTpamuno, nocraBeHo bo cege^Ka no3a /cnopedu co noôony cnoMnamume npeômemu na T. VIII:1-4/. 3a6ene®eHu ce u BapujaHTu, bo kou Ha TpKanoTo 6un KanyBaH Ma®. OgHocoT Ha gpBoTo T.e. cTon6oT u TOBeKoT, nocTaBeH Ha BpBoT, bo o6aTa cnynau ce TonKyBa KaKo cMpT Ha npucyTHuTe nuKoBu u hubho ucnpaKaae Ha „oHoj cBeT", co nocpeTcTBo Ha KocMu^KaTa ocKa.104 MaKo, TpKanoTo nocTaBeHo Ha BpBoT og ctcot6ot HajnecTo ce TonKyBa KaKo conapeH cuM6on, noBeKe cMe cKnoHu, bo oBaa cuTya^uja ga ro onpegenuMe KaKo 3acTanHuK Ha He6oTo u Hero-BuTe ^uKnuHHO-guHaMUHKu acneKTu, co mTo ^nocHo ce 3aoKpy®yBa u cnoMHaToTo TonKyBaae - KaKo npucycTBo Ha npuKa®aHuoT nuK Ha „oHoj cBeT", c^aTeH KoHKpeTHo KaKo He6o / paj T.e. „upuj".105 Par aaeTo Ha MnaguoT 6or (ogHocHo peuHKapHKa^ujaTa Ha cTapuoT 6or) og gpBoTo unu Ha gpBoTo, ce nojaByBa bo gejcTBujaTa Ha jy®HocnoBeHcKuTe o6pegu og 3um-ckuot KoMnneKc, u3BegyBaHu og cTpaHa Ha MacKupaHu gpy®uHu. Bo egHa 6yrapcKa 102 Cnu^Hu TonKyBaaa Ha oBue motubu gaBa u I. Gabriel (Hof- und Sakralkultur ... , 190). 3a cuMeTpmHuTe 3oo - aHTponoMop^Hu KOM^O3u^uu co HaBegeHuTe no3u Ha ^HTpanHaTa 4>urypa: H. Haycuguc, Mut-cKuTe ... , 123 - 149; 307 - 328; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 405 - 407; E. A. PbiôaKoB, ^3. gp. CnaBaH ... , 511-527; 3a conapHuoT ^uKnyc, npeTcTaBeH npeKy Mynrann^upaHu ®ubothu: H. Haycuguc, MuTcKuTe ... , 275 - 283; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 339 - 341, 103 J. Baltrušaitis, Fantastični ... , 102 - 104. 104 H. H. Bene^Kaja, MHoro6o®a^Ka ... , 107-113, 195 (KaKo aHanoruja Ha MajcKuoT oômaj, aBTopoT ro cnoM-HyBa oôpegoT 3a6ene®eH bo CyMaTpa npu Koj, CTap^u ce Ka^yBane Ha BpB og bucoko gpBo u noToa oTTaMy 6une ucTpecyBaHu); CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 2, 366, 367. 105 3a He6ecKoTo 3Ha^eae Ha TpKanoTo: H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu, 321, 322, 330, 371, 412-414. 129 ^pe^Ha u BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMuoTunKa aHanu3a BapujaHTa Ha oboj o6peg („KyKepu" / „KyKoB geH"), cpeg MacKupaHuTe rnaBHu hmkobm e npucyTeH „cTape^oT" u „6a6aTa", Koja bo Komu^Ta hocm 6e6e (BOHÓpa^Ho unu Hego-HoceHo), HanpaBeHo og gpBo. ParaaeTo Ha oBa 6e6e, „6a6aTa" ro uHOT;eHupa TaKa mTo ce KanyBa Ha gpBo u TaMy, og CBoeTo 3gonHumTe nymTa Mane Koe ocTaHaTUTe yHecHu^u gony ro goneKyBaaT Ha pacnHaTo nnaTHo. MaKo KapaKTepoT u noTeKnoTo Ha oboj motub ce noBp3yBaaT co aHTu^KuTe KynTHu Tpagu^uu (3eBc, Kopa, fluoHuc), TyKa npunome-HuTe npuMepu ynaTyBaaT u Ha nomupoKa, ogHocHo noyHuBep3anHa reHe3a.106 - repMaHCKa MMTonoraja (O^MH) Bo cTaporepMaHCKuTe naraHCKu Tpagu^uu, Ha BpBoT og kocmuhkoto gpBo ce Haoran cKaHguHaBcKuoT OguH u HeroBuoT repMaHcKu eKBuBaneHT BoTaH / BogaH.107 HeroBoTo uMe ce noBp3yBa co maMaHcKaTa eKcTaTu^HocT, noeTcKaTa BgaxHoBeHocT, u MarucKaTa cuna. Toj e cMpTeH 6or. Ce npuHecyBa ce6e cu bo mpTBa, TaKa mTo ce npo6o-gyBa co concTBeHoTo Konje (KoHe^Ho Ke 3aruHe bo gBo6ojoT co mutckuot BonK $ eHpup). HaTaMy, geBeT geHa u geBeT hoku bucu o6eceH Ha Kocmuhkoto gpBo Mrgpacun, nocne mTo, ja yTonyBa cBojaTa meg co cBemTeHuoT Meg, go6ueH og yuHoT BenTopH, og Koro ru go6uBa u pyHuTe (nucMeHu 3Ha^u - HocuTenu Ha MygpocTa). OBue gejcTBuja ce Bp3yBaaT co maMaHcKuTe acneKTu Ha OguH, oco6eHo a^eHTupaHu bo cKaHguHaBcKuoT apean. Bo npunor Ha Toa ogu gejcTBueTo 3a HeroBoTo naTyBaae bo Xen - nog3eMHoTo ^pcTBo Ha MpTBuTe. OguH ynecTByBa bo KocMoreHe3aTa u aHTponoreHe3aTa (toj e npegoK Ha aHrno-caKcoHcKuTe BnageTenu). no3HaT e no gBe uMuaa T.e. enuTeTu: „TaTKo Ha ceTo" u „bu-cok". MMa egHo oko, ho HacnpoTu Toa, rnega u3BoHpegHo u e BugoBuT.108 Cnopeg HeKou o6enemja, bo oBaa cMucna e uHTepeceH u XajMganp, repMaHcKu mutcku nuK Koj e cuh Ha OguH (KaKo u Bangep, HeroB cuH-gBojHuK, eKBuBaneHT u uHKapHa^uja). ^uBee Ha BpB Ha pug u cBupu Ha Bonme6Ha Tpy6a.109 Toj e u geMoH Ha cBeTcKoTo gpBo Ha repMaHuTe. - AgoHMC AgoHuc e 6omecTBo co ^hukucko - cupucKo - BaBunoHcKo noTeKno, nuj KynT 6un ^ogo^Ha npu^aTeH u bo aHTu^Ka ^p^uja.110 Bo egeH mut 3a AgoHuc, pacKamaH bo Cupuja og Anonogop (3, 14, 4) u bo MeTaMop^o3uTe Ha OBuguj (10, 300, 708), ce Ka-myBa KaKo Mupa - MajKaTa Ha AgoHuc, oTKaKo 3a6peMeHuna og cbojot TaTKo, nopagu uH^cTyo3HaTa BpcKa 6una Ka3HeTa TaKa mTo e npeTBopeHa bo gpBo. Ha geBeTTuoT Mece^ gpBoTo ce pacnyKHano u og Hero ce pogun AgoHuc. OTToram, egHaTa TpeTuHa og roguHaTa, Toj ja noMuHyBan gony co 6omu^Ta nepce^oHa, BTopaTa TpeTuHa rope co A^poguTa / AcTapTa, gogeKa TpeTaTa - Kage mTo caKa. OTKaKo ApTeMuga npaKa Benap 106 M. BeHeguKOB, Pa^gaHeTo ... , 224, 225. 107 Ochobhu ^aKTu Ha oBoj 6or: Mh^h Hap. ... T.2, 241, 242 („Havamal", 138 /Ka^yBaaa Ha Bo3BumeHuOT/; „CTapa Ega"); A. Cermanovic, D. Srejovic, Leksikon ... , 389-391; M. M. flbaKOHOB, ApxarnecKue ... , 126129. 108 OBa KOuH^ugupa co „TOBe^eTo", Koe ru HarnegyBa („ru na3u") ^pe^HUTe. Bo HeKou nogpa^ja Ha Byrapuja, u ^urypaTa Ha repMaH ce npuKa^yBana co egHo oko, npu mTo ce Beneno geKa oBa eguHcTBeHo oko (u bo-onmro, oMUTe Ha repMaH) „na3aT og rpag" (H. Mhkob, ArnponoMop^Ha ... , 188,189,191,192,197). 109 3a XajMganp: V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ... , 148, 149. CBupaMu ce u gpyruTe, nogony npuno^eHu mutcku nuKo-Bu. 110 3a npuno^eHUTe ^aKTu: Mh^h Hap. ... T. 1, 56-49; fl. CpejoBuh, A. ^pMaHOBuh, PeMHUK ... , 7,8; 130 Hukoc Haycuôuc, UopàaH Hukojiob Koj cMpTHo ro paHyBa. A^poguTa ro onnaKyBa. npeTBopajKu ro bo ^eT. Og HeroBaTa KpB pacTaT ^pBeHU po3u u cacu. KynT0T Ha AgoHuc er3ucTupan bo ^eHUKuja. Cupuja. EruneT. Kunap. Pogoc u ^e36oc. a og 5. BeK npeg H.e. ce nonuTyBan u bo KoHTUHeHTan-Ha ^p^uja. Bo Pum goara bo nocnegHuoT BeK og peny6nuKaHcKuoT nepuog. Bo Aproc e 3a6ene«eH o6unaj npu Koj. «eHU ro onnaKyBane AguoHuca bo noce6Hu 3gaHuja. Bo ATUHa u Cukuoh. Ha geH0T Ha oBoj 6or. Ha Kp0B0BUTe og KyKuTe. «eHUTe U3no«yBane u onnaKyBane gpBeHu KyKnu Ha AgoHuc kou noToa 6une norpe6yBaHu (= ^urypa Ha „H0BeneT0" unu Ha repMaH. ocTaBaHu Ha TaBaH). Bo ATUHa. 3aegH0 co MpTBuoT 6or. bo u3BopuTe ce ^pnane u „AgoHucoBUTe rpaguHu" - cagoBu bo kou 6une HacageHu 6unKu mT0 6pry pacTaT. Bo AneKcaHgpuja. cTaTya Ha AgoHuc ce noTonyBana b Mope (= HeroBo BpaKaae bo ^pcTB0T0 Ha MpTBUTe. aHanorao Ha noTonyBaaeTo Ha repMaH). Cnopeg u3BopuTe Mo»e ga ce 3aKnynu geKa AgoHuc (KaKo u repMaH u „H0BeneT0") ro cnaBene u ro npaBene cyeBepHUTe «eHU. npu mT0 HeroBUTe cKynnTypu He 6une ^pcTU u M0Hy-MeHTanHu. TyKy co HeTpaeH T.e. o6pegeH KapaKTep. - OpurucKa MUTonoruja (Atuc, ArgucT, Mapcuja) floKonKy ce cornacuMe co npegn0«eH0T0 TonKyBaae geKa KnuHe^0T Ha Koj e Haca-geHo „H0BeneT0" og KyneBumTe ro npeTcTaByBa HeroBuoT ^anyc. u3egHaneH co OcKaTa Ha cBeT0T u Kocmuhkoto gpBo. Toram bo 0Bue K0M^apa^uu MG^eMe ga ro BKnynuMe u ^purucKuoT Amuc. ogHocHo A^^ucm. KaKo u bo gpyruTe npuMepu. cTaHyBa 360p 3a KaTeropujaTa mutcku nuK0Bu. wja cMpT e uHBecTupaHa bo reHe3aTa Ha HeKou kocmuh-ku eneMeHTu. Bo HeKonKyTe Bep3uu Ha mutot (cnopeg naycaHuj. ApHo6uj ...). ArgucT ogHocHo Atuc e KacTpupaH. npu mT0 og HeroBUTe reHUTanuu unu og HUBHaTa KpB pacTe 6ageM0B0 gpBo unu gpBo Ha KanuHKa. nuj nnog. bo gonup co cKyT0T Ha HeKoja geBojKa npegu3BUKyBa Hej3UH0 3aHHyBaae. flpB0T0 (oBoj naT 6op) ce nojaByBa u npu cMpTTa Ha Atuc. HeKage KaKo gpBo nog Koe Ke ce cnynu HeroBaTa cMpT. a HeKage u KaKo gpBo bo Koe Toj nocne cMpTTa Ke ce npeo6pa3u. Bo Toj KoHTeKcT e uHTepecHa u puMcKaTa BapujaHTa Ha nponeTHUTe o6pegu bo necT Ha Atuc. npu kou. bo npo^cuja ce Hoceno cBemTeHo gpBo. nue cTe6no 6uno npeBp3aH0 co BonHeHu npeBpcKu u HaKUTeHo co BeH-^u. Ha cpeguHaTa og cTe6noTo 6una npuBp3aHa cTaTyeTa Ha MGMHe. Koja HajBepojaTHo ro npuKa«yBana caMuoT Atuc. Bo cupucKUTe BapujaHTu Ha oBoj o6peg. Ha KpajoT og ^peM0HujaTa. cTaTyeTaTa ce 3aKonyBana b 3eMja.111 Bo 0Bue MUT0BU ce nojaByBa u Mapcuja. ^purucKu mutcku nuK (KaTeropu3upaH KaKo caTup). Koj cogp«u HeKou og cymTecTBeHUTe aTpu6yTu Ha Atuc. nopagu mT0 mo-«eMe ga ro TpeTupaMe KaKo xunocTa3a Ha oBoj 6or. Mapcuja e cBupan bo ^nejTa Koj ja 3a6aByBan Ku6ena gogeKa Taa «anena no yMpeHuoT Atuc. ropg Ha cBojaTa BemTUHa. Toj ro npegu3BUKan AnonoHa Ha HaTnpeBap bo My3u^upafte. Ho 0TKaK0 6un nopa3eH. AnonoH Ke ro Bp3e (o6ecu) 3a egeH 6op u Ke My ja ogepe K0«aTa (unu Ke My ro pacnapnu TenoTo). M bo oBoj cnynaj. HeroBaTa «uB0THa cuna (KpB). 3aegH0 co con3UTe Ha HeroBUTe nonuTyBaHu. Ke ce TpaHcnoHupa bo npupogaTa. oBoj naT KaKo peKUHKa HapeneHa no Her0B0T0 uMe.112 1113a u3BGpuTe (Paus.. VII. 17. 10 u HaTaMy; Arnob..): Mh^h Hap. ... T. 1. 56-49; fl. CpejGBuh. A. ^pMaHGBuh. Pe^HUK ... . 7.8; Dž. Dž. Frejzer. Zlatna ... . rnaBa XXXIV; XXXV; P. KyK. flpBG ... . 193. 112 Dž. Dž. Frejzer. Zlatna ... . rnaBa XXXVI; fl. CpejGBuh. A. ^pMaHGBuh. Pe^HUK ... . 246. 247; Mh^h Hap. ... T.2. 120. 131 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuxonomKG - ceMuoxuHKa aHanu3a CoBpeMeHaTa HayKa, geHec uMa yBug npeg cé bo go^HemHUTe aHTUHKu nuK0BHu MaHU^ecTa^uu Ha cnoMHaTUTe ^purucKu mutobu, bo kou kocMonomKUTe u MarucKu acneKTu ce coceM MapruHanu3upaHu Ha cMeTKa Ha aHTponoMop^HUTe u HapaTUBHUTe. Ho cenaK, ce huhu geKa TaKBu Tparu MomaT ga ce 6apaaT cpeg apxeonomKUTe Haogu oTKpueHu Ha ^HTpanHuoT BanKaH - npaTaTK0BUHaTa og Koja, bo TeK0T Ha 2. MuneHu-yM, BpuruTe ce npecenune bo Mana A3uja, Kage bo HapegHuoT nepuog Ke ja o^opMaT ^purucKaTa KynTypa u ^o^yna^uja.113 CTaHyBa 360p 3a egHa KaTeropuja MUHujaTypHu 6poH3eHu npegMeTu (HaKUT, aMyneTu) kou ce gaTupaaT bo mene3H0T0 BpeMe (7 - 6. BeK npeg H.e.), a ce HaoraaT KaKo npuno3u bo rpo6oBUTe, no^upaHU bo npegenoT Ha Kapnu^Ta Ha ^0K0jHU^UTe (ce huhu, rnaBHo meHu). KynTyponomKu ce Bp3yBaaaT 3a aHTUHKU0T Hapog ^ajoH^u (cnopeg HeKou Teopuu u 3a aHTUHKUTe MaKegoH^u), Huja eTHoreHe3a ucto TaKa e noBp3aHa co BpuruTe.114 npegMeTUTe uMaaT u3gonmeHa ^opMa, npu mT0 hubhuot Kopnyc e bo Bug Ha ^HTpaneH cTomep I ocKa, og Koja cTpaHUHHo, bo HeTupu HacoKu ce HumaT HeKonKy pe-goBu U3pacT0^u co KpymHO cnnecKaHa rnaBa IT. Vlll: 1-4I. Ha BpB0T, KaKo u Ha 0CH0BaTa, ocKaTa 3BpmyBa co xopu30HTanHu KpymHu nnoHKu, og kou Hag ropHaTa e npuKamaHa cegHaTa HoBeHKa ^urypa, co nogurHaTu KoneHa, nognaKTeHu pa^ u gnaHKu go6nume-Hu u cnoeHu co nu^TO. flen og ^puMepo^UTe (nocTapuTe), ce neaHu u nogeTanHo u3Be-geHu IT. Vlll: 1,2, demanu -5,6I, gogeKa n0H0BUTe ce u3pa6oTeHu noegHocTaBHo, gypu u og ^BHecTo cBueH nuM, npu mT0 ^urypaTa e bo roneMa Mepa cTunu3upaHa IT.Vlll:3,4, demam -7I. no cBojaTa geTanHa u3pa6oTKa u cé ymTe go6po 3aHyBaHUTe eneMeHTu Ha ^urypaTa, noce6Ho ce ucTaKHyBa npuBp30K0T og Kuçi Zi (An6aHuja), Koj e BoegHo u KnyHeH 3a pa3jacHyBaaeT0 Ha KapaKTepoT u cuM6onuKaTa Ha 0Bue npegMeTu IT. Vlll:1, demam 5I. Ha oBoj npuMepoK ce rnega epeKTupaHuoT ^anyc Ha ^urypaTa, gogeKa gBeTe HeroBu gnaHKu gpmaT 3ao6neH u u3gonmeH npegMeT, Koj e cnoeH co nu^TO (gyBaHKu My3UHKu ucHTpyMeHT unu cag?). HeKonKy geTanu go3BonyBaaT ga ru cnopeguMe 0Bue npeTCTaBu co rope cnoMHaTUTe ^purucKu, ho u gpyruTe TyKa npeTCTaBeHu mutobu. BepTUKanHU0T cTomep, Ha Huj BpB cegu npuKamaHuOT nuK, Mome ga ro hocu 3HaHeaeT0 Ha KocMUHKaTaTa ocKa. CTpaHUHHUTe ucnycTu, bo 0Baa cMucna 6u ro Hocene 3HaHeaeT0 Ha rpaHKUTe Ha Kocmuhkoto gpBo unu npeHKUTe Ha cTon6oT, HaMeHeTu 3a ucKaHyBaae. Mome6u, u3rnegoT Ha HamuoT pacHneHeT cTomep He npeTCTaByBa Henoc-pegHa CTunu3a^uja Ha gpBo, TyKy penaTUBHo peanucTUHeH npuKa3 Ha HeKaK0B KynTeH o6jeKT, o^opMeH bo Bug Ha cTon6 co npeHKu, Koj ro npeTCTaByBan Kocmuhkoto gpBo.115 Ha napagurMaTUHHU0T npuMep og Kuçi Zi, cegHaTuoT 6or e npuKamaH co ^a-nyc bo epe^uja IT.Vlll:5I, mT0 co orneg Ha KynTypHaTa npunagHocT Ha npegMeTUTe, ro Bp3yBa 3a Atuc u ArgucT, Huja nonoBocT e HarnaceHa npeKy HUBHaTa ^yH^uja Ha onnogyBaHu, KaKo u huhot Ha hubhoto KacTpupaae. flonHuOT gen og 0Bue npegMeTu 3aBpmyBa nonyTonHecTo, mT0 Ha ^nuoT cTomep My gaBa U3rneg Ha ^anyc IT. Vlll:3,4I. 113 E. nexpGBa, Bpuruxe ... . 114 3a GBue npegMexu: fl. MuxpeBCKu, flegenu ... , 55, 56, 72; 3a HUBHaxa exHG-KynxypHa npunagHGcx: fl. Mu-xpeBCKu, npoxoucxopucKuxe ... , 202 - 205, 222 - 228; unycxpa^uu: 3. BugeBCKu, MaKegoHCKu ... , Kax. 6p. 100-105. 115 TaKa, Ha npuMep, „maMaHCKGxo gpBo" Kaj cu6upcKuxe JaKyxu, BcymHGcx npexcxaByBano bucgk cxan, Koj gononHex cg npeHKu, ^yH^uoHupan KaKo cKana 3a KaHyBaae (V. J. Prop, Historijski ... , 324, 325). Bo egeH pacKa3 Ha nonueH, kg j ce ogHecyBa Ha cKauxe, ce cnoMHyBaax cnuHHu cTon6oBu kgu Bogax go He6oxo: „cpe-6peHu cxonóoBu bg xpaMGBuxe" u HeKaKOB „cxGn6 cg gecex cxananKu", Koj Bogu go He6oxo (M. Mapa30B, BuguMuax ... , 117). 132 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob M3egHaHyBaaeTo Ha Kocmmhkmot cTon6 unu Kocmmhkoto gpBo co ^hobckmot / MaK-poKocMMHKM ^anyc Ha 60^ecTB0T0, ucTo TaKa Mo»e ga ce noBp3e co mmtot 3a Atmc / Argucruc, hmm reHMTanuu ce npeTBopaaT bo gpBo Ha 6ageM unu KanuHKa, npu mTo npucycTBOTo Ha hmbhmot nnog bo »^hckmot cKyT, npegM3BMKyBa 3aHHyBaae. ®anyc-hoto 3Haneae Ha oBue npegMeTM gaBa onpaBgyBaae 3a hmbhoto npucycTBo bo ^eHc-KMTe rpo6oBM m Toa KoHKpeTHo - nocTaBeHM bo 3oHaTa Ha Kapnu^Ta Ha noKojHMHKUTe (HajBepojaTHo KaKo anoTponeoHM unu MarucKM noggp^yBanu Ha HMBHaTa nnogHocT). npMKa^aHMoT nuK, bo pa^Te gp^M HeKaKoB npegMeT Koj e gonpeH go ycTaTa. Mery gpyroTo, 6m Moreno ga ce pa6oTM 3a gyBa^KM MHcTpyMeHT, mTo oBoj nuK ro 36nu-^yBa co ^purucKMoT Mapcuja Koj e cBupan Ha ^pyna, a yMupa o6eceH Ha gpBo. 3rpne-HaTa no3a Ha nuKoT, bo pena^Mja co no3aTa Ha ^eTycoT, ce noBp3yBa co TyKa npuKa-^aHMTe mmtobm, nocBeTeHM Ha cMpTTa Ha 6oroT, ho m HeroBoTo noBTopHo paraae. Bo oBaa cMuna Mo^aT ga ce HaBegaT 6pojHM napanenu og XeneHcKuoT Kpyr u og MTanuja (ETpypuja, Pmm), Kage bo aHanorao 3rpneHa no3a ce npuKa^yBaaT pa3HM nuKoBM (naH, npujan, CaTup), kom ce mcto TaKa UTM^anuHKU, cBupaT Ha gyBa^KM MHcTpyMeHT u / unu nujaT og HeKaKoB cag /cnopedu co T.VIII:5 co 8, 10-12/. flen og hub ce yyyuaa (yyye -geTe - eM6puoH), ho m CTap^M, mTo (KaKo u bo cnynajoT co repMaH) ja ogpa3yBa HMBHaTa ^MKHMHHa e^3MCTeH^Mja (cTape^ - cMpT - npenopogyBaae bo geTe - yyye). MeTanHa ^urypa co aHanorHM o6ene^ja (3rpneHa no3a u ^anyc bo epe^uja) e npoHajgeHa u bo KpyroT Ha cpegHoBeKoBHMTe repMaHcKM KynTypu og CKaHguHaBuja /T. VIII:9/. MaKo ce ugeHTM^MKyBa co 6oroT ®pej,116 TyKa npuKa^aHMTe aHanoruu He ja ucKnynyBaaT Mo^HocTa ga ce pa6oTM u 3a OguH / BoTaH. - ETpypuja npegMeTM co MKoHorpa^uja cnuHHa Ha npeTxogHMTe, ce MomHe TunuHHM 3a eT-pypcKaTa KynTypa. Og nopaHuoT nepuog (KynTypa „Vilanova"), BHMMaHueTo ro npuB-neKyBa egeH npegMeT, nuj BepTMKaneH cTo^ep e mcto TaKa pacnneHeT co nonpe^HM, Harope M3BueHU rpaHKM /T.IX:2, demam 1/. M TyKa, Ha BpBoT ctom tobe^Ka ^urypa, oBoj naT co ^eHcKM o6ene^ja, u co cag Ha rnaBaTa. no3HaTM ce u npuMepu co HeKonKy aHT-ponoMop^HM nu^, cBpTeHM Ha pa3HM cTpaHM /T.X:7/. Bo ^ogo^He^HMOT nepuog, cpeg eTpypcKMTe MeTanHM KynTHM npegMeTM ce ucTaKHyBaaT neaHM cTon6oBugHM KagunHM-^M (thymateria) u KaHgena6pu, nocTaBeHM Ha Tpu HorapKM, gononHeTM co pa3HM pacTM-TenHM, 3ooMop^HM m aHTponoMop^HM gogaTO^M /T.IX:3-8/. BpcKaTa co TyKa o6pa6oTe-HaTa MMTcKa cnuKa ce BocnocTaByBa npeKy npucycTBoTo Ha TOBe^KM ^urypu, HajnecTo nocTaBeHM bo ocHoBaTa Ha BaKBMTe cTon6oBM /T.IX:3-6/, unu Ha hmbhmot BpB/T.IX:7,8/. HanuHoT Ha pacnneHyBaae Ha HeKou og cTo:«epMTe, ynaTyBa Ha hmbhmot pacTMTeneH KapaKTep (= Kocmmhko gpBo), na gypu m HeKaKBM gane^HM BpcKM co ^ene3Hogo6HMTe npegMeTM og ^HTpanHuoT BanKaH /cnopedu ^u ducKOBudnume dodamo^ od T.IX:3,5 u T. VIII:1/. noKpaj gpyruTe o6ene^ja, KocMonomKuoT KapaKTep Ha oBue npegMeTM jacHo ro npe3eHTupaaT HMBHUTe HorapKM, necTo o6nuKyBaHM bo Bug Ha ^mbotmhckm menu kom ra3aT Bp3 ^enKa unu ^a6a (= Knacu^MKaTopu Ha XToHcKMTe 3ohm Ha BceneHaTa).117 116 R. Cavendish, T. O. Ling, Mitologija ... , 184. 117 HeKonKy npuMepu Ha BaKBM npegMeTM: O. J. Brendel, Etruscan ... , 90, 91, 216, 217 - 219, 298 - 300, 332 -334. 133 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MMTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanu3a OurypuTe, BKnoneHM bo ^nopanu3upaHuoT cTO^ep, bo HeKOM npuMepu HOcaT jacHM oôene^ja Ha Mnago MOMHe unu Ha CuneH (Koj, KaKO m bo npeTxogHuoT cnyHaj, Hane-Ba / nue nujanoK), mTo ru cTaBa bo noHenocpegHa pena^Mja co ^purucKMOT Atmc m Mapcuja m npegMeTMTe og MaKegoHuja /cnopedu T.IXco T.VIII:1-4/.OBaa ^OTeH^MjanHa 6anKaHcKo - Manoa3ucKo - eTpypcKa pena^Mja, Mo^e ga MMa m HenocpegHM ucTopucKM onpaBgyBaaa, bo nuHujaTa Ha MM^pa^MM (^HTpaneH BanKaH - Mana A3uja - BanKaH -AneHMHcKM nonyocTpoB), Koja ce ogBMBana bo TeKOT Ha BTopuoT m noHeTOKOT Ha npBM-ot MuneHuyM og cTapaTa epa.118 Mctmot 6a3MHeH cuM6onuHKo - MKOHorpa^cKM KOH^nT, Ha AneHMHcKMOT nony-ocTpoB Mo«e ga ce cnegu ce go pmmckmot ^pcKM nepuog, m Toa npeKy TpuyM^anHMTe cTon6oBM, KaKo oHoj Ha TpajaH m Ha MapKo Aypenuj /T.XI:3/. BnageTenoT, Huja cTaTya M3BopHo cToena Ha BpBOT og oBue cTon6oBM, cnopeg cBojaTa ^yH^uja Ha „TaTKo Ha Ha-pogoT" e bo pena^Mja co TyKa o6pa6oTeHaTa KaTeropuja mmtckm nuKOBM kom, mcto TaKa, ro HocaT npeg cé 3HaHeaeTo Ha po^oHa^a^Hu^u m npapoôumenu Ha pogoT T.e. eTHocoT. - MHgwja Bo gpeBHMTe XMHgyucTMHKu TpagM^MM, noBeKe 6oroBM ce noBp3aHM co pacTeHujaTa mTo HocaT 3Haneae Ha Kocmmhkoto gpBo. ArHM e pogeH bo gpBOTO, KaKo „eM6puoH Ha 6unKMTe" m noToa pa3MHo^eH npeKy pacTeHujaTa. Og ^anycoT Ha BumHy M3neryBa noTocoB ^eT. Bo MHguja, ceKoj Byga (a BepojaTHo npeg Toa m ceKoj mTo 6un BgaxHOBeH co gyx), MMan cBoe noce6Ho gpBo co Koe 6una noBp3aHa HeroBaTa mok, Ha-peKyBaHa bodhitaru - gpBo Ha MygpocTa / gpBo Ha Bonme6cTBOTo.119 - CwÔMp (maMaHM3aM) CnuKaTa Ha HOBeK Koj ce KaHyBa unu npecTojyBa Ha BpBOT og Kocmmhkmot cTon6 unu Kocmmhkoto gpBo e oco6eHo a^eHTupaHa bo maMaHcKMTe TpagM^MM, HM3 noBeKe genoBM Ha cBeTOT /npuMep Ha rnauamKU ^meM T.XI:1/. OHeBugHo, cTanyBa 36op 3a apxeTMncKM cmm6ohmhkm Mogen Koj ru aKTyenu3upa pa3BOjHMTe acneKTM Ha HOBeKOBaTa ncuxa, HOBeKOBOTO Te^Heeae 3a eKcTpaxupaae Ha gyxoBHOTo og TenecHo-to, 3a KOHTaKT co HegocTanHMTe 3ohm Ha BceneHaTa m MHTeH^Mja, npeKy gyxoBeH Hanop ga ru KOHTponupa m MeHyBa HacTaHMTe m cocToj6uTe bo MaTepujanHMOT cBeT. Cnopeg cu6upcKMTe maMaHcKM mmtobm, maMaHcKaTa gyma „xapnu" pogeHa og ^MBOTMHcKaTa MajKa, gyxoBMTe - ^peg^M ja cMecTyBaaT bo ^ene3Ha nynKa Koja noToa ja o6ecyBaaT Ha cBeTOTo gpBo - mypy. Ha Toj HaHMH, Taa go6uBa HOBeHKM ^pTM Ha maMaH-HOBeK.120 Bo cTe6naTa m KpomHMTe Ha gpBjaTa ce Bpmene norpe6yBaaa m Toa KaKo Ha o6mh-hm nyr e, TaKa m Ha noce6HMTe - KaKo mTo ce cBemTeHM^MTe m maMaHMTe (TaKBM npuMe-pu Mery gpyroTo, ce 3acBegoHeHM bo KpyroT Ha yrpo-^MHcKMTe ^o^yna^MM). Ce Bepy-Bano geKa maMaHMTe Tpe6a ga ce norpe6aHM Ha gpBOTO, 3aToa mTo Ha Hero m ce pogune, unu naK, 3a ga Mo^aT npeKy gpBOTo ga MMaaT npucTan koh He6oTo m koh nog3eMjeTo. 118 E. neTpoBa, BpuruTe ... , 164-174. 119 3a ArHM: A. Durman, Vucedolski ... , 16; 3a BumHy: J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rjecnik ... , 356; 3a gpBOTo Ha Byga: V. J. Prop, Historijski ... , 324,325. 120 A. O. Ahmcmmob, KocMonorMHecKMe ... , 45; onmTo 3a maMaHMTe m kocmmhkoto gpBo: M. Elijade, Samanizam ... , 149-214. 134 Hukoc Haycuduc, Ripdan HuKonoe KaKo mTo peK0BMe, 0Baa MUTCKa napagurMa ctou u 3ag nocTanKUTe Ha 6eceae nyre Ha gpBja, pacnpocTpaHeTu bo EBpona, A3uja u gpyru genoBu Ha CBeToT, KaKo nocTanKu Ha Ka3HyBaae Ha ^pecTa^HU^UTe. HeKage ce cMeTano geKa co Toa, BaKa Ka3HeTUTe, HeMa ga gocneaT HUTy bo nog3eMjeTo HUTy Ha He6o, TyKy BeHHo Ke ocTaHaT Bp3aHu 3a gpBo-T0.121 CMeTaMe geKa nuK0BHaTa MaHU^ecTa^uja Ha cnoMHaTUTe npeTCTaBu MG^eMe ga ja 6apaMe Ha egeH maMaHCKu TanaH Koj My npunaran Ha cu6upcKuoT Hapog Ce^Kynu /T. VII:5 demam 4/. He nara nog coMHe^ geKa Ha ^noTo Kpy^Ho none og TanaHoT e npuKa^aHa egHa KocMonomKa npeTCTaBa, co 3eMHaTa 30Ha bo gonHuoT gen u coh^to co MeceHUHaTa bo ropHuoT. Bo ^HTapoT Ha K0M^03U^ujaTa ce npoTera BepTUKaneH cerMeHT, gononHeT co HeKonKy Kpa^u, Koj bo ^y6nuKa^ujaTa 3a oBoj npegMeT ce ugeH-Tu^uKyBa KaKo HeKaK0B „nereHgapeH rymTep co cegyM napa H03e".122 CMeTaMe geKa, bo KoHTeKCT Ha ocTaHaTUTe TyKa npeTCTaBeHu mutcku npeTCTaBu u cnuKu, UMa MecTo u 3a gpyro TonKyBaae cnopeg Koe oBoj eneMeHT 6u ro npuKa^yBan kocmuhkoto gpBo, Ha Huj BpB ce Haora ^urypa Ha H0BeK (6or, maMaH?), bo no3a co pamupeHu H03e, MomHe cnuHHa Ha „H0BeHeT0" og KyHeBumTe /cnopedu T.VII:4 co T.II:1/. OBa TonKyBaae He ro ucKnynyBa npegx0gH0T0, goKonKy o6eTe 6u ce onpegenune KaKo pa3Hu uK0H0rpa^cKu cnoeBu Ha cnuKaTa, kou Morene ga er3ucTupaaT napanenHo bo pa3Hu KynTypHo-reor-pa^cKu unu xpoHonomKu nyHKT0Bu. flypu e M0»Ha u cuM6onuHKaTa ugeHTU^UKa^uja Ha K0CMUHK0K0T0 gpBo co HeKaK0B yuH0BCKu rymTep, huu MynTU^nu^upaHU H03e 6u ru Kogupane cegyMTe xopu30HTu Ha BceneHaTa. OMHo-yrpM Kaj ^uHo-yrpucKUTe MopgBU^u, Ha BpB0T og Kocmuhkoto gpBo cegaT Tpu 6ora (HumKa, HuKona-na3 u HopoB-na3), kou 0TTaMy ja pa3genyBaaT cyg6uHaTa u cpeKaTa. Kaj ^uHo-yrpucKuoT Hapog MaH^u e 3a6ene^eH o6uHajoT, bo myMCKUTe cBeTunumTa, 3a cTe6noTo Ha cBemTeHUTe gpBja ga ce ^uKcupaaT KyKnu og Kpnu kou ru npeTCTaByBa-ne 6oroBUTe. Bo egeH TaK0B npuMep, Ha egHa 6pe3a 6una nocTaBeHa KyKnaTa Ha TopyM-m;aHb (^eHaTa Ha HyMu-TopyM) u noKpaj Hea npuBp3aHa ^urypa Ha Mup-cycHe-xyM (cuh Ha TopyM-nbir). Kaj cu6upcKcuTe JaKyTu, Ha BpB0T og kocmuhkoto gpBo (hu3 huu rpaHKu TeHe cBeTnuHa) e cegumTeTo Ha 6oroT Au-TojoH.123 CnuHHu KynTHu o6jeKTu bo Bug Ha KynTeH cTon6, co aHTponoMop^eH mutcku nuK nocTaBeH Ha BpB0T e HecT Kaj ceBepHoaMepuKaHCKUTe MHgujaH^u /npUMep T.X:8/. KuHa (flyH-BaH-xyH) Bo gpeBH0KUHecKaTa MUTonoruja, flyH-BaH-xyH e npeTCTaBeH KaKo „rocnogap Ha UCT0K0T". Ce noHUTyBan KaKo egeH og BpxoBHUTe 6oroBu, noKpoBUTenu Ha 6ecMpTHu-Te. HeroBUTe nuK0BHu npeTCTaBu, cnopeg cBojaTa cTpyKTypa coogBecTByBaaT Ha TyKa npuKa^aHuoT Tun cnuKu. M3o6pa3eH e KaKo cegu Ha BpB0T Ha HeKaK0B cTon6oBugeH o6jeKT (BpB Ha nnaHUHa, HajBepojaTHo KocMUHKaTa nnaHUHa Kya-nya), npugpy^eH 121B. nexpyxuH, Mh^h ... , 51, 52. 122 C. B. MBaHGB. MaxepuanH ... , 72, 73. 123 B. nexpyxuH, Mh^h ... , 334, 363; P. KyK, flpBG ... , 191. 135 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MMTonomKo - ceMMOTMMKa aHanM3a co CBOMTe m^oBugHM cnyruHKM (kom ro nogroTByBaaT MeneMOT Ha 6ecMpTHocTa) u 3MejoT, npuKa^aH bo nogHo:*:jeTo Ha cnuKaTa /T. VII:6/. Mo^eóu bo npunor Ha BaKBuoT KapaKTep Ha ,D,yH-BaH-xyH ogu u HeroBuoT enuTeT „KHe3 Ha gpBoTo".124 XpMCTMjaHCTBO CnuKaTa Ha HOBeK, nocTaBeH Ha cTon6 unu gpBo e npucyTHa u bo xpucTujacTBoTo. CuTe KpuTepuyMM Ha oBaa KOM^O3M^Mja ru 3agoBonyBa npeTcTaBaTa Ha XpucToc, pac-nHaT Ha KpcTOT Ha ronroTa. npuHMHMTe u MOTMBMTe 3a nojaBaTa u BKopeHyBaaeTo Ha OBaa cnuKa, Tpe6a ga ce 6apaaT Ha gBe cTpaHu. Og egHa cTpaHa e mctopmckmot HacTaH Ha Xpmctoboto pacnHyBaae, Koj ce 6a3upa Ha pmmckmot oóunaj BTeMeneH Ha rope HaBe-geHMTe apxeTuncKu mmtcko - cuM6onuHKM Mogenu, cnopeg Koj ^pecTa^HM^MTe ce Ka3-HyBane npeKy hmbho nocTaByBaae Ha bmcokm gpBeHu cTon6oBu (bo cnynajoB gononHe-tm m co egHa xopu3OHTanHa rpega). OBoj peaneH HacTaH, ymTe egHam MHTep^epupan co ucTMTe cuM6onuHKu Mogenu, ho cera Ha hubo Ha caMMOT nuK Ha XpucToc, Koj npeKy HeKonKy cbom o6ene^ja u ^yH^uu ce u3egHanyBa co rope noconeHaTa KaTeropuja mmt-ckm nuKOBu. npeg ce, Toj e no3MTMBeH nuK Koj TparuHHo ruHe (^pTByBaH e) 3a go6poTo Ha HOBemTBOTo u rno6anHo - Ha BceneHaTa. HeroBaTa cMpT e ycnoB 3a cnac Ha nyreTo, a bo nauHKMTe c^epu u Ha npupogaTa (HeroBOTo Teno u eHepruja ce TpaHcnoHupaaT bo ^uBOTHa cuna, Koja goBegyBa go noBTopHo 6ygeae Ha npupogaTa, Be^eTa^MjaTa, 3aHHyBaaeTo, BocKpecHyBaaeTo ...). Ha gBeTe, TyKa npuno^eHu cpegHOBeKOBHu cnuKu og MTanuja e eKC^nM^MTHO M3pa3eH oBoj apxeTuncKu acneKT Ha PacneTueTo, npuKa^a-ho KaKo pacnHyBaae Ha XpucToc He Ha KpcT, TyKy Ha gpBo /T.XI:5,6/. Ma^HuoT u gonroTpaeH npecToj Ha BpBOT og cTon6oT unu gpBoTo, necTo goBe-gyBa go cTeKHyBaae unu ycoBpmyBaae Ha HeKou cnoco6HocTu u go6necTu Ha nyreTo u 6oroBMTe. BucejKu geBeT geHOHOKuja Ha Kocmmhkoto gpBo, OguH ru oco3HaBa pyHMTe (HocuTenu Ha MygpocTa). KaqyBajÉM ce Ha Kocmmhkmot cTon6 unu Kocmmhkoto gpBo, maMaHMTe cTeKHyBaaT mok ga nenaT, ga npopeKHyBaaT u ga KOMyHM^MpaaT co 6oroBM-Te. Cnopeg rope cnoMHaTMTe HaBogu Ha ^yKujaH u nonueH, Mo»e ga ce 3aKnynu geKa u bo aHTMKaTa, npeg HeKou xpaMOBu cToene orpoMHu cTon6oBu Ha kom, bo TeKOT Ha npa3-HM^MTe, CBemTeHM^MTe ce KanyBane u npecTojyBane Ha hmb co geHOBu - bo pa3roBop co 6oroBMTe. Og oBue ^aKTu e eBugeHTHo geKa u Xpmctoboto cTpagaae Ha KpcTOT e ycnoB 3a HagMMHyBaae Ha HeroBaTa 3eMcKa npupoga u BneryBaae bo c^epaTa Ha caKpanHo-To. Bo oBoj KOHTeKcT Mo«e nogo6po ga ce pa36epe u TpagM^MjaTa Ha xpucTujaHcKOTo cmonnHummBO - nocTanKa npu Koja xpMcTMjaHcKMTe gyxoBHM^M, nopagu penurucKu npuHMHu, nogonro BpeMe npecTojyBane bo ocaMeHocT, Ha BpBOBMTe og bmcokm cTon6o-bm, coceM M3onupaHu og cBeTOT. ^MKOBHMTe npeTcTaBu Ha oBue cBeTMTenM - cTonnHM-^M, Bnerne u bo MKOHorpa^cKMTe nporpaMu Ha xpMcTMjaHcKMTe xpaMOBu og BM3aHTMc-KaTa c^epa /npuMepu T.XI:2,4/.125 Ce noKa^yBa geKa oBoj o6unaj He ce nojaBun ex nihilo, TyKy caMo ru npogon^un TyKa npuKa^aHMTe gpeBHM npeTxpucTujaHcKM TpagM^MM, aganTupajKM ru Ha xpucTujaHcKaTa ugeonoruja. 124 Mm^h Hap. ... T.1, 410, 411. 125 Ochobhm nogai^u m nuTepaTypa 3a CTon^HM^MTe: M. M. ^opfieBMh, Cbctm CTon^HM^M ... . 136 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob Bo rpagoBUTe Ha cpegHa u 3anagHa EBpona, bo TeKOT Ha cpegHuoT BeK, na u no-go^Ha, Ha nnomTaguTe, MocToBUTe u HeKou gpyru jaBHu o6jeKTu cToene cTon6oBu, Ha nuj BpB 6un npeTCTaBeH HeKoj cBeTUTen (Boo6unaeHo naTpoHOT Ha rpagoT). Mo«e ga ce npeTnocTaBM geKa u bo oBoj cnynaj ce pa6oTu 3a xpucTujaHcKa agam^uja Ha TyKa npMKa^aHMTe apxeTuncKu cnuKu bo kom, apxauHHuoT npegoK u 3amTMTHMK Ha KyKaTa, ceMejcTBoTo unu KnaHoT ce TpaHcnoHupa bo cBeTUTen - 3amTMTHMK m noKpoBUTen Ha rpagoT unu gp^aBaTa. Bo HeKou genoBu Ha EBpona, oBue cTon6oBu ce HapeKyBane Po-naHg unu OpnaHgo, mTo ogpegeHu ucTpa^yBanu ro cTaBaaT bo pena^uja co cnoMHaTu-ot repMaHcKM 6or XajMganp - cmh, ogHocHo xunocTa3a Ha OguH.126 ^MTepaTypa - A. A^aHacbeB, n^TunecKue ... I, A. A^aHacbeB, ^o^TUHecKue Bo33peHua cnaBAH^ Ha npupogy, MocKBa, 1865 - 1869. - A. Ahmcmmob, KocMonorunecKue ... , A. Ahmcmmob, KocMonorunecKue npegcTaB- neHua HapogoB ceBepa, MocKBa ^eHUHrpag, 1959. - B. Babic, Crepulja ... , B. 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II: 1/) and vrshnik (a hemispheric or conic vessel for covering a crepna /Pl. 1: 1 -3) was still in practice in the mid-20th century. he production of these vessels was most frequently focused around the feast of St. Jeremiah (between May 1st and 14th). Numerous ritual and magical elements have been observed in their production, as related with the ritual purity of women: at the moment of making crepna, women were supposed to be bathed, to wear clean clothes, not to have their period, to have abstained from sexual intercourse and not to have had recent contact with a deceased person. Especially important for this process was the virginity. Namely, the tradition was that a woman would make her first crepna while she was still a virgin. Various norms and taboos have been documented, associated with digging clay and treading it (e.g., squeezing the skirt between the legs for a woman to hide her genitals from the clay, i.e., the earth). Production and use of crepnas were also related with many other magical acts and beliefs (fumigating with garlic, adorning with feathers and basil /Pl.I:4/, touching with pieces from the hearth, engraving ornaments /Pl.I:9-14/). Particularly interesting is the act of making a male clay figurine (with indicated phallus), which used to be stuck on a nail fixed in the centre of the first crepna /Pl.IV:1; reconstruction: PHI: 1/. Information on this rite was documented by M. S. Filipovic in 1932 regarding the villages of Kuceviste and Cucer near Skopje. he rite itself was for the last time performed in the 1910's. he figurine was called "covece" ("little man"). It used to be placed on the first-made crepna and left there, allegedly to keep that one and the other crepnas from cracking during the process of drying (the only preserved specimen was made upon order by the researcher and it is now in possession of the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade /Pl.IV:1/). After that the crepna would be kept in the house (on the attic) for a whole year, till the following campaign of making crepnas, when a new one would be made and the old one thrown away. Although no similar practice has been observed elsewhere, traditions are known in Bulgaria (and some other Balkan areas) concerning production of figurines in similar form, size and material, bearing itiphallic features. It refers to figurines of the mythical god German used in the rituals for controlling precipitation (invoking and stopping rainfalls, as well as stopping hail) /Pl.IV:2-10; Pl.V:8,9/. here are numerous associations between these figurines and the "little man" and they pertain to: - the season of their production (in both cases, April and May); - the names (the term German shows various linguistic relations with the name of the feast, i.e., Saint Jeremiah); the itiphallic connotation of both figurines, which, considering the incompatibility with the Christian Saint German, can only be explained as secondary Christanization of some Balkan-Slavic model (Hermes / herm = phallus?). he act of ritual sticking of this figurine in the crepna acquires the meaning of coitus, i.e. hierogamy, taking into consideration the phallic symbolism of the nail and the association of the central hole of the crepna with vulva /Pl.I:4,8/. Many rituals, traditions and etymologies preserved in the Slavic folklore indicate that the "little man" represented the male principle symbolizing the "secret power" contained in the yeast, which provided for the growth of bread (within Eastern Slavs also called "the father of bread" and "reason" ("pricina"). On the other hand, crepna acquired the character 144 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob of a womb that provides for the bread to grow and mature, in favour of which there are direct or indirect arguments. he direct ones are the already mentioned female components in the ritual bread-making, as well as the central swelling of the bread baked in crepnas, which was called "navel" ("papok"). Among the indirect arguments mentioned herewith are numerous traditions from different periods and geographic areas that show explicit symbolic identification of the vessel with woman's body and her womb. Special consideration has been given to several names of vessels (used mostly for leaving the dough to grow with the yeast and for baking bread), which in various Slavic languages and dialects show direct or indirect associations (semantic, and etymological) with female genitals (lonec / lono, karlica, taz, nocvi, deza, bocka / bocva, koba / kobila, besik / besika). hen follows the research of the macro-cosmic nature of crepna and vrshnik preserved in many traditions, tales and in the South Slavic phraseology, in which crepna is being identified with earth and vrshnik with the sky. In one Macedonian tale God created the world from a crepna and the sky from a vrshnik with which he covered it /models of this: Pl.VI/. In this context the stages of making crepna are equated with the phases of cosmogony: - mixing of the clay = mixing of the prime elements (earth and water); -modeling of the clay = creation of the earth and shaping up its edge; - applying a cross = defining the cardinal points of the earth, i.e., the world /Pl.I:4,9/; - sticking a nail or other vertical element in the central hole of the crepna = defining the centre of the earth and laying the cosmic axis /Pl.I:4,8,9; Pl.II: 1/; - modeling of the male figurine = creating of the son, i.e., the husband of the Mother-Earth. In this mythical-cosmological concept, sticking of a nail and a figurine in the centre of crepna acquires the meaning of hierogamy, i.e., sexual contact of the male mythical figure with Mother-Earth /Pl.II: 1/, as condition for her fertility and for creation of other cosmic elements (bread, food, man ...). In a macrocosmic constellation like this the figurine of the "little man" from Kuceviste in relation with the mentioned figure of German acquires several mythical meanings and functions. He is, above all, inseminizer, the male fertilizing power that makes the bread grow, having been identified with the heavenly light, the sun heat, the life fire and the rain, which are the prerequisites for the fruitfulness of the earth. he emphasized family and generic nature of the two rites ("German" and making crepnas) point to the "little man" as incarnation of the male "gens" of the community in which they were being practised as factor of its continuity. Placed at the peak of the Cosmic axis, it (analogous to German) bears the character of a mediator, a go-between transferring elements and information between cosmic zones (earth and sky, people and gods). Finally, due to the central position and the cyclic year-long existence, the "little man" conveys the concept of "sacrificed god", whose life is being repeatedly invested in the creating of the world, in the appearance of fruitful components, cyclic movement of time and the welfare of people (functions explicitly confirmed in the mythical figure of German). In that sense they perfectly fit in the well known category of similar mythical characters and ritual traditions preserved within the Slavic medieval cultures /Pl.II/ and folklore in the Indo-European complex and more widely (Odin / Votan, Adonis, Atis, Agdist, Marsija, shamanism, executions of perpetrators at various "stakes", the Christian stilatism, ending with Christ and his crucifixion on the cross) /Pl.VII-Pl.XI/. 145 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanu3a T.I. 1,2,3. KepaMMHKM BpmHM^M, eTHorpa^uja, BanKaH (cnopeg CKM^M: n. ToMuh, Tuno- nomKO ... , 50 - T.II: 3,4, 5). 4. ^enHa HaKMTeHa co 6ocuneK (peKOHcTpy^uja cnopeg onuc Kaj: M. C. $ununo- Buh, ^eHcKa KepaMMKa ... ). 5,6. ^enHM, cpegeH BeK, fleöpemTe, npunen, P. MaKegoHuja (B. Ba6uK, MaTepujan- HaTa ... , 301 - cn.82: 1,2). 7. KepaMMHKM cag bo Bug Ha ^pe^Ha co HorapKu, HeonuT, nopoguH, BuTona, P. MaKegoHuja (Porodin ... , T.VI:3). 8-14. Motmbm B^pTaHM Ha gHoTo og ^pe^HMTe (cnopeg onucu u CKM^M Kaj: M. C. ^ununoBuh, ^eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , 22 - Cn.11; 23 - Cn.13; 24 - Cn.15; 149 -Cn.47). 15. Mogenupaae Ha ^pe^Ha, MMpKOB^M, CKonje (M. C. ^ununoBuh, ^eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , Cn.29). T.II. 1. DiMHeHa ^urypa „HOBeHe" (peKOHcrpy^uja Ha aBTeHTMHHaTa CMTya^Mja), eTHorpa^uja, KyHeBumTe, CKonje (^oTorpa^uja Ha ^urypaTa: M. C. ^ununoBuh, ^eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , Cn. 44). 2. Motmb BrpaBupaH Bp3 npcTeH (geTaa og nocnomeHa KOM^O3M^Mja), 12-13. BeK, ^emje, Cp6uja (B. PagojKOBuh, HaKMT ... , 101: 48, Cn. 37). 3. Penje^ Bp3 KaMeHeH Hagrpo6eH cnoMeHMK, go^H cpegeH - hob BeK, Kynpec, BocHa. (Š. Bešlagic, Kupres ... , 51 - Sl. 29). 4. MeTaneH npegMeT, 12. BeK, Opole, noncKa (B. Gediga, Relikty ... , 105 - Ryc. 10). 5. MeTaneH npegMeT, 12. BeK, HoBropog, Pycuja (M. B. CegoBa, MBenupHbie ... , 176 - Puc.75). 6. MeTanHa a^nMKa^Mja, cpegeH BeK, Oldenburg, TepMaHuja (I. Gabriel, Hof- und Sakralkultur ... , 186 - Abb.33:1). 7. MeTanHa a^nMKa^Mja, cpegeH BeK, Schwedt, TepMaHuja (I. Gabriel, Hof- und Sakralkultur ... , 186 - Abb.33:1). 8. MeTanHa a^nMKa^Mja, cpegeH BeK, Brzesc Kujawsky, Wloclawek, noncKa (I. Gabriel, Hof- und Sakralkultur ... , 186 - Abb.33:2). T.III. 1-5. KynTHM npegMeTM og KepaMMKa, 3. MuneHuyM npeg H.e., KuKnagcKa KynTypa, Cupoc, ^uja. H. Müller-Karpe, Handbuch ... , III, Taf. 362: 3,5,8,9. 6. AHTponoMop^eH KepaMMHKM cag, HeonuT, flpeHOBa^ CBeTO3apeBo, Cp6uja. M. Gimbutas, he Language ... , 104 - Fig. 171. 7. AHTponoMop^eH KepaMMHKM cag, HeonuT, BpmHMK, TapMH^M, fflrun, P. MaKe-goHuja. Praistorija Jugosl. ... , Tom II, T. XIV: 1a, b. T.IV. 1. DiMHeHa ^urypa „HOBeHe", KyHeBumTe, CKonje (^oto: M. C. ^ununoBuh, ^eHcKa KepaMMKa ... , Cn.44). 2,8-10. rnuHeHM ^urypu Ha TepMaH, eTHorpa^uja, ^jkobmtcko, Byrapuja (C. Koctob^, KynT^T^ ... , 110,111 - 06p. 90,91). 146 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob 3. DiMHeHa ^urypa Ha repMaH,eTHorpa^uja,nypnuqeBo,MuxaMnoBrpag,Byrapuja (L. Mikov, Anthropomorphic ... , 180 - Fig. 8). 4. DiMHeHa ^urypa Ha repMaH, eTHorpa^uja, flpaHoBe^ Pa3'brpag, Byrapuja (L. Mikov, Anthropomorphic ... , 180 - Fig. 10). 5. ^urypa Ha KaiojaH (gpBeHa?), eTHorpa^uja, PoMaHuja / MoigoBa? (H. H. Be-^e^Kafl, PyguMeHTH ... , 96). 6. DiuHeHa ^urypa Ha repMaH, eTHorpa^uja, flo6pyya, Byrapuja (Bin. Hap. KyiTy-pa ... , 06p.89). 7. DiuHeHa ^urypa Ha repMaH, eTHorpa^uja, Pa3rpagcKo, Byrapuja (ETHorp. Ha Bw ... , 96). T.V I,4,5. flpBeHu ^urypuHu, cpegeH BeK, HoBropog, Pycuja (B. A. Pbi6aKoB, #3. gp. Pycu ... , 500 - Puc. 83). 2. flpBeHa ^urypuHa, cpegeH BeK, Opole, noicKa (W. Hensel, Early ... , Fig14). 3. KepaMu^Ka ^urypuHa, HeonpegeieHa gaTa^uja, OnTunapu, BuToia, P. MaKegoHuja (Kone^uja Ha M. Man6amuK og BuToia, Heny6iuKyBaHo). 6. BeiurgeHCKo jaj^, eTHorpa^uja, Byrapuja Mukob, M3o6pa3uTenHu ... , 205: 5-a). 7. BeiurgeHCKo jaj^, eTHorpa^uja, yKpauHa (M. CenuBanoB, floKTopaT ... , ciob-huk: T. LXI). 8. DiuHeHa ^urypa Ha repMaH nocTaBeHa Ha KepaMuga, eTHorpa^uja, ^^aBaHOB^u, BepKoBu^, Byrapuja (L. Mikov, Anthropomorphic ... , 179 - Fig. 6). 9. DiuHeHa ^urypa Ha repMaH nocTaBeHa Ha KepaMuga u HaKuTeHa co ^eKe, eTHorpa^uja, Byrapuja (CnaBAHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 1, 499). T.VI 1-4. TpoguMeH3uoHaiHu Mogeiu Ha BceieHaTa (H. Haycuguc, KocMoiomKu ... , A5; A6): 1. C^epuneH Mogei. 2. Ky6uHHo-c^epuneH Mogei. 3. BepTuKaiHo pac-nneHyBaae Ha He6oTo u 3eMjaTa. 4. Xopu3oHTaiHo pacnneHyBaae Ha He6oTo u 3eMjaTa cnopeg koh^htpuhhuot koh^ot. 5. BpoH3eH npuBp3oK, ^ene3Ho BpeMe, Crvljevica Planina, Mostar, Xep^roBuHa (A. Stipčevic, Kultni ... , T. III: 2). 6. flujarpaM Ha „Kocmuhkoto gpBo" u Ha gpyruTe KocMonomKu eieMeHTu (P. KyK, flpBo ... , 188). 7. neTporau^, 6poH3oBo / ^ene3Ho BpeMe, fflBegcKa (J. Vlčkova, Enciklopedie ... , 205-f). 8. 9. MeTaiHu nno^Ku, 3. MuieHuyM npeg H.e., HnameH, Kpaj6pe^je Ha e3epoTo CeBaH, EpMeHuja (M. Kšica, Vypravy ... , 284). 10. Moruia gonoiHeTa co KaMeHu KoHcrpy^uu, npegucTopuja, Sjoborg, flaHcKa (Z. Krzak, Swieta gora ... , 118: Ryc. 6). II. BpmHuK nocTaBeH Bp3 nnona 3a neneae ie6, eTHorpa^uja, peKoHcTpy^uja Ha cuTya^ujaTa (cnopeg u^ycTpa^uu Kaj: n. ^ neTpoBuh, O HapogHoj ... , 31, 32, Cn.15; n. ToMuh, TunoiomKo ... , 50 - T.II). 147 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanu3a T.VII 1. 06pegHo KanyBaae Ha ge^Ta no „MajcKO gpßo", eTHorpa^uja, McTOHHa Eßpona (H. H. Bene^aja, MHoro6o®aHKa ... , 184). 2, 3. E^3eKy^uu npeKy Ha6uBaae Ha Kon, cpegHoBeKoBHu rpaBypu. 4, 5. ^MKoBHa npeTCTaBa HacnuKaHa Ha maMaHcKu TanaH, eTHorpa^uja Ha HapogoT Ce^Kynu, Cm6mp (C. B. MßaHoB, MaTepuanH ... , 73 - Puc.59). 6. Motmb og penje^, gpeBHoKUHecKa KynTypa, 2. BeK H.e., MHaa, ^poBUH^uja fflaagyH, KuHa (Mh^h Hap. ... T.1, 410). T.VIII 1-7. BpoH3eHM KynTHH npegMeTH, ®ene3Ho BpeMe: 1,5. Ku^i Zi, An6aHuja (Shqiperia ark. ... , 48). 2,6. Cto6h, rpagcKo, P. MaKegoHuja (M. MuKynnuK, HeKou ... , 224 - Fig.4). 3. flegenu, BanagHoBo, P. MaKegoHuja (fl. MuTpeBcKu, flegenu ... , T. VI: 4). 4,7. MaKegoHuja. 8. Mothb og MoHeTa, gpeBHorp^Ka KynTypa, 5. BeK npeg H.e., HaKcoc, Cu^unuja (E. Lucie - Smith, Erotizam ... , 19 - Sl.14). 9. BpoH3eHa ^urypuHa, 11. BeK, fflßegcKa. (R. Cavendish, T. O. Ling, Mitologija ... , 184). 10,11. KananeHu TepaKoTHu ^urypuHu, gpeBHorp^Ka KynTypa 6. BeK npeg H.e. (S. Mollard - Besques, Catalogue ... , Pl. L/B540; Pl. L/B539). 12. BpoH3eHa ^urypuHa, eTpypcKa KynTypa, 5. BeK npeg H.e. (S. Perowne, Rimska ... , 10). T.IX 1,2. BpoH3eH KynTeH npegMeT, ®ene3Ho BpeMe, Vetulonia, MTanuja (O. J. Brendel, Etruscan ... , 91 - Fig. 60; M. Hoernes, Urgeschichte ... , 499 - Abb. 9). 3-8. BpoH3eHu KynTHH npegMeTu (KagunHu^u, KaHgena6pu), eTpypcKa KynTypa, 6 - 4. BeK npeg H.e. MTanuja: 3,4. Vulci; 6. Todi (O. J. Brendel, Etruscan ... , Fig.144, 217, 218, 258; D. Strong, Etrurski ... , 199 - Sl. 17,18; Klasična razdoblja .... , /II/, 60). T.X 1-4,6. Mothbh og cpegHoBeKoBHu paKonucu, 12-14 BeK, 3anagHa Eßpona (J. Baltrušaitis, Fantastični ... , 104 - Sl. 81). 5. EgHa og cTpaHUTe Ha KaMeHuoT ugon og peKaTa 36pyn, cpegeH BeK, yKpauHa, geHec bo ApxeonomKuoT My3ej bo KpaKoB, noncKa ^pTe®: H. Haycuguc, Koc-MonomKu ... , fl38:3, (cnopeg ^oTorpa^uu ny6nuKyBaHu Kaj: G. Lenczyk, Swia-tovid ... , T. II, T. III; B. A. Pbi6aKoB, £3. gp. Pycu ... , Puc. 50, 51). 7. BpoH3eH KynTeH npegMeT, ®ene3Ho BpeMe, Vetulonia, MTanuja (M. Hoernes, Urgeschichte ... , 499 - Abb. 8). 8. KynTHH npegMeTH, unycTpa^uja Ha o6peg Ha ceBepHo-aMepuKaHcKUTe Man dan - MHgujaH^u, 19. BeK (J. Campbell he Way ... , 231 - Fig. 402). 148 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob T.XI 1. Mana Ha naTyBaaeTo Ha maMaH0T hu3 K0CMunK0T0 gpBo, ^pTe» Ha^pTaH og maMaH, AnTaj (J. Campbell he Way ... , 158 - Fig. 276). 2. CxonnHUK HacnuKaH Hag cTon6oT og npo3opcKaTa 6u^opa, 14. BeK, "KpaaeBa ^pKBa", MaHacTup CTygeHu^, Cp6uja (r. Ba6uh, KpaaeBa ... , 240 - T.VIII). 3. TpuyM^aneH cTon6 Ha uMnepaTopoT TpajaH, PuMCKa ^UBunu3a^uja, 2. BeK, Pum. (H. Stierling, he Roman ... , 128). 4. ^pecKa co npeTCTaBa Ha cTonnHUK, nocTBU3aHTucKu nepuog, xpaM Ha Cb. fluoHucuj, CBeTa ropa (lepa ^ovr| ... , 509). 5. ^pecKa, cpegeH BeK, MTanuja. (C. G. Jung, Čovjek ... , 80). ó. CnuKa Ha Pasino da Guido, 14. BeK, MTanuja (Mu^h Hap. ... T.1, 405). 149 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuxonomKG - ceMuoxuHKa aHanu3a 150 Hukoc Haycuôuc, Ripèan HuKonoB T. II 151 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanu3a 152 Hukoc Haycuduc, UopàaH Hukojiob T. VI 153 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuxonomKG - ceMUGXUHKa aHanu3a 154 Hukoc Haycuduc, UopàaH Hukojiob T. VI 155 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuxonomKo - ceMuoxunKa aHanu3a T. VII 156 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdan Hukojiüb T. VIII 5 6 7 8 157 ^pe^Ha m BpmHMK. MuTonomKo - ceMMOTMHKa aHanu3a 158 Hukoc Haycuduc, ropdaH Hukújiob 159 ^pe^Ha u BpmHUK. MuxonomKG - ceMUGXUHKa aHanu3a 160