ORMOŽ B SINS NATURE RESERVE NATURE RESERVE DOPPS – BirdLife Slovenia Title: Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve Authors: Luka Božič, Damijan Denac Preface: Jurij Dogša Illustrations: Jan Hošek, Maja Marčič, Fabio Perco Graphics: Tilen Basle Photos: archive of TSO, Tilen Basle, Gregor Bernard, Dominik Bombek, Dejan Bordjan, Luka Božič, Franc Bračko, Damijan Denac, Ivan Esenko, Dare Fekonja, Andrej Hudoklin, Dušan K lenovšek , K ajetan Kravos, Matev ž Lenarčič, Tomaž Mihelič, Jure Novak , Alen Ploj, Dare Šere, Michael Tiefenbach, Davorin Tome, Tomi Trilar, Martin Vernik, Marko Zabavnik Lenguage editor: Henrik Ciglič Design: Jasna Andrić First edition Publisher: DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia Tržaška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Tel: 01 426 58 75, e-mail: dopps@dopps.si, www.ptice.si © DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia Print: Schwarz print d.o.o. Typesetting: Nebia d.o.o. Number of copies: 700 Ljubljana, august 2017 Guidebook was published w it h a financial con tr ibut ion of LIFE , a financial instrument of European Union as a par t of a project Riparian Ecosystem Restoration of the Lower Drava River in Slovenia, LIV EDR AVA , L IFE 1 1 NAT/SI/882, w w w.li vedr ava.pt ice.si. Leading par tner : DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia. Par tners: VGB Maribor d.o.o., DRAVA vodnogospodarsko podjetje Ptuj, d.o.o., Municipality of Ptuj. Co-financiers: Dravske elektrarne Maribor d.o.o., Ministr y of agriculture and environment, Municipality of Ormož. Project supporters: Slovenian Environment Agency, Municipalit y of Središče ob Dravi. CIP - K ataložni zapis o publik aciji Narodna in univer zitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 502.2(497.412-751.3) BOŽIČ, Luk a, 1976- Ormož basins : nature reser ve / [authors Luk a Božič, Damijan Denac ; preface Jurij Dogša ; illustrations Jan Hošek , Maja Marčič, Fabio Perco ; graphics Tilen Basle ; photos archive of TSO ... et al.]. - 1 s t ed. - Ljubljana : DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia, 2017 Iz v. st v. nasl.: Naravni rezer vat Ormoške lagune ISBN 978-961-6674-30-0 1 . Gl. st v. nasl. 2. Denac, Damijan 292592896 Preface The Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve is an exceptional case of a long-lasting cooper a t ion bet ween indus t r y (ex . Or mož Su g ar Fac tor y) and na t ur e conser vation organization (DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia). It is a good example of how natural and cultural heritage can be protected and conser ved, as well as an educational display of contemporar y conser vation practice. In the current environmentally unfriendly industrial development of mankind, such areas are gaining more and more importance. They are indispensable for emphasizing sustainable close-to-nature development, our awareness of the meaning of the plant and animal kingdoms for the future development of mankind, and for us to become aware that through professional and cooperative working nature and thereby all living beings can be provided with chances of sur viving. It is the only way to provide for the long-term existence of mankind. Name of the area: Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve (NROL) Location: in the immediate vicinity of Lake Ormož along the Slovenian-Croatian border, ca. 3 km SE of the town of Ormož Sur face area: 66.59 ha Status of the area pursuant to the regulations from the sphere of nature conser vation: • Nature reser ve / Decree on the Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia Nos. 23/17) • Par t of the impor tant ecological area (IEA) Drava – Lower (Id. No. 41500) / Decree on impor tant ecological areas (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia Nos. 48/04, 33/13 and 99/13) • Natura 2000 site: par t of the special protection area Drava (Id. No. SI5000011) and part of the special area of conser vation Drava (SI3000220) / Decree on special protection areas (Natura 2000 sites) (Official Gazet te of the Republic of Slovenia Nos. 49/04, 110/04, 59/07, 43/08, 8/12, 33/13, 35/13 – revised, 39/13 – Constitutional Court Decree and 3/14). Management and ownership: DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia Tržaška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana T +386 1 426 5875, M +386 41 7 12 796, F +386 1 425 1181 dopps@dopps.si www.livedrava.ptice.si, www.ptice.si Opening hours: 8.00–17.00 hrs (1 Oct – 31 Mar) 7.00–19.00 hrs (1 Apr – 30 Sep) Contact (information, guided tours): +386 1 426 5875 BASIC INFO 7 History of the area In former times (–1970) Prior to the construction of facilities for the needs of the Sugar Factor y in Ormož ( TSO), this was prac t icall y the si te of pr imordial Drava river ine woodlands. The ex tensive g ravel bar s were nes t-sites of Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus and colonies of Common Tern Sterna hirundo, while among the numerous fish species the Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus could be found as well. Until World War II, numerous rafts sailed down the Drava River. During the rule of the Austrian Empire in the first half of the 19th centur y, the River Drava was mak ing it s way through the area of the present-day basins (Map of the Habsburg Empire, Second Militar y Sur vey, 1806–1869). HISTORY OF THE ARE A ' The beginning … (1970–1979) In 1970, the construction of Varaždin Hydropower Plant (Croatia) commenced, within the framework of which Lake Ormož Reser voir was also built by 1975. In the social plans released in 1976 by the Socialist Republic of Slovenia for the 1979–1980 period, it was stipulated that crop production would greatly increase, including sugar beet , for which a sugar factor y would be built . In 1977, the Sugar Factor y in Ormož (TSO) indeed began to be constructed within the framework of the former SLOVIN association. Its financing was provided by the so-called "sugar dinar fund". These were the means from domestic and foreign loans as well as contributions from 129 domestic firms. The ar tificial Lake Ormož, which is territorially divided bet ween Slovenia and Croatia, ut terly changed the image of the Drava in this area. The river became trapped bet ween asphalt embankments and was relinquished to the regime of the Hydropower Plant. HISTORY OF THE ARE A 11 Ormož Sugar Factory (TSO) operates! (1980) After a fairly modest start in the early second half of 1979, the first full season of sugar beet processing began in 1980 (t he so-called campaign). TSO's processing capacities reached 4,000 tons/day, enabling annual processing of 320,000 tons of sugar beet and annual production of 42,000 tons of sugar. TSO was the only sugar producer in Slovenia Ormož Sugar Factor y ( TSO) during operation. Ormož Basins during sugar beet processing (campaign). HISTORY OF THE ARE A 13 First ornithological observations (1981) Soon after its construction, the factor y's wastewater basins began to at tract various waterbird species, par ticularly waders and duck s. The ex tensive shallowly inundated areas with mudflats provided them with optimal feeding and resting sites, while some interesting species even bred here. An area of exceptional impor tance for birds at the national and wider scale was formed. Ormož basins are closely associated with the beginnings of systematic bird obser vations in NE Slovenia in recent times. The first contribution on the basins' birds, which was published by Acrocephalus, the journal of DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia that was founded t wo years earlier, repor ted on the ver y Lit tle Tern's breeding here. A regular monitoring of the area's av ifauna has been taking place uninterr uptedly till t his day. The period of growth (1982–1990) The years of operations star ted, when the main objective was to provide for sufficient quantities of sugar beet. For a long time, domestic sugar beet production did not match the factor y's processing capacities, which is the reason why TSO was forced to conclude purchase agreement s with sugar beet growers in Croatia as well. The business was successful and in 1989 all foreign and home loans for factory construction were paid off. On its paylist, TSO had 450 regularly employed and 200 seasonal workers. Numerous farmers (around 2,000) full y relied upon t he produc tion in TSO, since the lat ter bought all sugar beet from them. Great changes (1991–2000) Soon after Slovenia attained its independence, the production in Croatia was no longer possible. With active agricultural policy, Slovenia thus promoted expansion of sugar beet production and its impor t from the neighbouring countries. In 1993, TSO invested in technolog y that enabled raw cane sugar processing. There followed the process of ownership transformation into a joint stock company, and in 1996 the shares of Sugar Factor y in Ormož d.d. were already listed on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. In 1997, a great change in the ownership structure took place, given that the majority stake of TSO d.d. was bought by the Dutch corporation Royal Cosun from Breda. As soon as cooperation bet ween DOPPS -BirdLide Slovenia and TSO was established, several conser vation measures began to be implemented for threatened species. In 1997 and 1998, t wo breeding raf ts (12–14 m2) were set up in Basin 4 for the Common Ter n Sterna hirundo in order to provide suitable conditions for its breeding, independently of the water level in the basin. The rafts were made by DOPPS volunteers, with their set ting up approved by TSO. On both raf ts, up to 65 pairs of terns bred in the 1998–2012 period. HISTORY OF THE ARE A Produc t ion (in 1000 t ) 60 50 40 In the 1990s, TSO's sugar production reached few ten thousand tons per year. The peak was reached in 1999, when 64,200 tons of sugar was produced, by which the self-sufficiency rate of 86.2% was achieved. 10 0 1 992 1 993 1994 1 995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 In this period, some new rare and threatened breeding species set tled in the Ormož basins: in 1996, first breeding of the Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus [1] w as r ecorded in t he cont inent al par t of Slovenia, w hile a year la ter a Gad wall Anas strepera [2], w hich had previously not been k nown as a breeder of Slovenia, began to breed here. Daily maxima of migrating waders reached the peak in September 1996, when 47 1 Lit tle Stints Calidris minuta [3], 52 Curlew Sandpipers C. ferruginea and 1 12 Dunlins C. alpina were counted in the mudflats of Basin 6. In 1999, a Pectoral Sandpiper C. melanotos [4] was obser ved here for the ver y first time in Slovenia. The beginning of t ar get research into species o f conser vation impor t ance was marked in 1992 and 1993 by the census of nest s of the Lit tle Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis [5, 6], the breeding densit y of which reached 4.5–8.0 pairs/ha. Conservation measures for colony breeders get a new dimension (2001–2005) Based on solid results from previous years and owing to the disused old rafts, DOPPS opted in 2001 for a bigger (96 m2) and modernly designed breeding raft. As soon as set, it became practically the only breeding site of a colony of Common Terns and Black-headed Gulls for a whole decade. 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Numbers of breeding pairs of Common Tern Sterna hirundo [1 ] and Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus [2] on the breeding raf ts in Ormož basins per separate years. The highest numbers bred in 2003, when 1 10 pairs of Common Tern and 1 12 pairs of Black-headed Gull were counted on the new raf t . End of a story (2006–2008) In 2006, the reform of the common EU agricultural policy hit the sugar sector as well. In this particular year, t wo Community Council's decrees were issued, which were used as a legal basis for the implementation of the reform of the common market arrangement for the sugar sector. The implications of the new measures were fatal for the Slovenian sugar beet cultivation and sugar production, considering that with the reduced sugar prices and taking into account the taxes these would no longer be profitable after the new EU market decree. At the annual general meeting on 22 June 2006, TSO made a decision to close down the factor y, which practically meant the abolition of sugar production in Slovenia and the beginning of the company's restructuring. Immedia tel y a f ter t he decision w as made to liquidate t he fac tor y, DOPPS embarked, together with TSO, upon activities for the conservation of the wetland and establishment of a nature reserve in the area of the basins. The foundations were laid in the document "The importance and perspectives of the wastewater basins of Sugar Factor y in Ormož (TSO d.d.)" (December 2006). A new chapter (2009–) After the factor y closure, DOPPS and TSO management proposed the Ormož basins area to be conver ted into a nature reser ve. Thus the area of exceptional impor tance for birds could be saved from unavoidable ruin as well as given a new meaning at t he same time. In t he TSO res tr uc t ur ing program, the proposal was confirmed by the Government of Slovenia, and after the vision of development of the future reser ve was presented, the majorit y owner fully agreed with the idea. In 2010, the firm Royal Cosun handed the basins over to DOPPS for ownership and management. Numerous international organizations and individuals from Slovenia and abroad quickly expressed their great suppor t to DOPPS in their effor ts to set up a nature reser ve in the area of TSO’s basins, which happened to be one of the key wetlands in our countr y for a safe migration route of waterbirds. Upon the transfer of ownership to a NGO with its functioning in the public interest, this act was recognized as exceptional by AEWA, R AMSAR, EURONATUR, Ministr y of the Environment and Spatial Planning, National Institute of Biolog y and even by His Excellency Johannes Douma, the Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Slovenia. Our wish is that in the future the basins area becomes a nature reser ve that would provide for permanent protection of the threatened bird species and other fauna. At the same time, such a reser ve should also function in the sense of education and example – with a purpose to strengthen the awareness of nature conservation's significance in the wider public. By taking into account the references and our past positive experiences, we intend to hand the ownership of the basins area over to DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia with all rights and obligations stemming from this ownership. We are firmly convinced that a nature reserve will be set up in this area that will be of great significance not only in a conservational but in a broader social context as well. The s tatement on the purpose and fu t ure ow nership of TSO wastewater basins, 2 April 2009 (Jurij Dogša, Company Director) HISTORY OF THE ARE A 25 The longstanding excellent cooperation between TSO and DOPPS is a proof that the latter had developed a strong and clear public image both at home and abroad, backed by professional personnel and committed mass membership. The non-payable transfer of such a large area, demonstrates understanding of the solidity, seriousness and reliability of the functioning of DOPPS. If this was not so, I am convinced that the area would end in other hands with conflicting interests. Mladen Berginc Head of Nature Conservation Department, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning HISTORY OF THE ARE A It is truly unique that a commercial company donates part of its property – and in this case we are dealing with a large area – to an NGO. Bert Lenten Executive Secretary of AEWA, African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement We believe that this fruitful cooperation and complementarity that developed between industrial sector and nature conservation can provide an inspiring example for similar situations in other countries as well. Tobias Salathé Senior Advisor for Europe, Ramsar Wetlands Secretariat Po Sloveniji če­trte­k, 4. ma­rca­ 2010 17 MA­RI­BOR - OKOLI­CA­ CELJ­SKO PREKMURJ­E - PRLEKI­J­A­ Ma­ri­bor Ce­lje­ Murska­ Sobota­ Zla­to tu­di dija­koma­ Klju­b številnim pripomba­m Pomu­rsko čebela­rstvo vredno II. gimna­zije reba­la­ns prora­ču­na­ sprejet od 10 do 15 milijonov evrov Stra­n 20 Stra­n 21 Stra­n 23 V Ormožu­ na­ra­vni rezerva­t za­ ptice Last­ni­ki­ To­var­ne slad­ko­r­ja Or­mo­ž v li­kvi­d­aci­ji­ so­ na Dr­ušt­vo­ za o­pazo­vanje i­n pr­o­učevanje pt­i­c v Slo­veni­ji­ neo­d­plačno­ pr­enesli­ 55 hekt­ar­jev zemlji­šč t­o­var­ne narave za h ip obvisel na nit­k i. “A ne v MI­HA­ ŠOŠTA­R I­Č resn ici, s aj je bi la ponov no naš a sk up­ Dru š t­vo z a opa zova nj e i n proučev a­ na želja i n v izija, d­a obm­očj e ba zenov nje pt­ic Slove nije (D OPP S) je post­alo oh ran im­o kot­ n a rav ni rezer vat­ z n a­ l as t­ni k 55 hekt­arjev zem­lji šč Tova r ne ravovarst­veno, i zobraževa lni i n razi­skoval no v logo. Veli ko d­elo j e pr i t­em­ zozem­sko pod­jet­je Roy al C osun, k i je opravil d­i rekt­or TS O Ju­r i­j D og­ša­, k i la st­n i k T SO, se je od­ločilo z a neod­plač­je last­ni kom­ t­ovar ne pred­st­avil na š e n i prenos z em­ljiš č, na kat­er ih se naha­načrt­e. In z veseljem­ m­oram­ poud­ari­ jajo b a z e ni za od­pad­ne vod­e. Gre z a t­i, d­a so s e Ni zozem­c i od­ločil i za ple­obm­očje, k i je ž e v rst­o let­ žarišče orni­m­e nit­o d­ejanje, ki presega nacionalne, t­olo ške bio d­ive rzit­et­e v Sloven iji . t­rž ne i n osebne i nt­erese,“ je nad­a ljeval “Zaposleni v TSO in or nit­olo g i že Denac. od­ let­a 1979 sod­elujem­o z na m­enom­ V im­enu last­n ikov je Dogš a že l an­varst­v a pt­ic in na rave. T ud­i ob pre vze­sko let­o D OPPS obvest­il, d­a se zaved­a­m­u T SO s s t­rani Nizozem­cev sm­o u sp e­j o, d­a so s pre k i n it­vi j o proi z vo d­n j e li na 55 hekt­a rjev velikem­ obm­očju sla d­korja pr enehali t­ud­i procesi v ba­bazenov T SO za od­pad­ne vod­e, k i s o v zeni h , k i so bi l i pom­em­bn i za va r st­vo funkciji č ist­ilne naprave, še n aprej z a­pt­ic in “d­a je t­r eb a vzpost­a v it­i no v got­avlj at­i izr ed­ne p ogoj e za gnezd­e nje na č in upravlja nja z obm­o čjem­, d­a s e sl ad­korja Or m­o ž (T SO) v l i kv id­aciji . Ni­ Na­ra­v­ni re­ze­rv­a­t za­ ptice­ (Da­mi­ja­n De­na­c) m­očno og rože nim­ v r s t­a m­ p t­ic v Slo ­ohra n i nj egova pest­rost­ pom­em­bn a v m­očno og roženim­ v rst­am­ pt­ic v Slove­sod­elovat­i t­ud­i z orm­oškim­ občinskim­ V orm­oškem­ n arav nem­ rezer vat­u že veniji i n Ev ropi,“ je o velikem­ d­ar ilu naciona lnem­ in m­ed­narod­nem­ m­eri­niji in Ev ropi , us t­varili opt­im­alne p o­vod­st­vom­. Or nit­ologi so prepr iča n i , d­a sed­aj g nezd­i 29 vod­n i h v r s t­ pt­ic, od­ slove nsk i m­ or n it­ologom­ poved­a l po d­­lu“. Že v pret­e klost­i so n a obm­očju baze­goje za t­isoče vo d­ ni h pt­ic, k i so t­uk aj b o naravni rezer vat­ za pt­ice t­ud­i o d­l i­t­ega je še st­ vrst­ t­akšn ih , k i v Sloveniji pr ed­s ed­nik DOPP S Da­m i­ja­n De­na­c. nov T SO post­avil i g nezd­it­ven e s plave, na selit­vi nabi ra le nov ih m­oči, i n t­a ko čen pr od­uk t­ z a o r m­oško ob či no, saj gnezd­ij o le v O r m­ož u, z a d­vanajst­ v rst­ Po reform­i slad­kor ne ga sekt­or ja zagot­ovil i pa s o t­ud­i na ravovarst­veno d­okaza l i, kako pom­em­bno i n us pešno bod­o v pri ho d­nje n a t­em­ ob m­očju pr i­pa je orm­oško obm­očje n ajpom­em­bne j­v Ev r opsk i u niji i n spr ejet­i od­ločit­v i upravljanje z g l ad­inam­i v bazen ih t­er je l a hko sod­e lovanje m­ed­ va rst­vom­ na­pravljal i ra zne sem­i nar je, p ov ez a ne š e g nezd­išče v Sloveniji. Na t­em­ obm­oč­ o zaprt­ju T SO je po b esed­ah D en aca na ravovarst­veno košnjo. “ S sk upnim­i rave i n ind­u st­rijo,“ je poud­a r il Denac z rezervat­om­, k i b o od­prt­ z a ja v nost­, ju , ki je od­s lej v last­i DOP PS, se lah ko obst­oj b az enov i n nji hove ve liča st­ne m­očm­i sm­o om­ogoči li g nezd­enje več t­e r izrazi l prepričanje, d­a bod­o od­lično i n zat­o prič a k ujej o m­nož iče n obi s k. d­nev no ust­av i t­ud­i d­o 10.000 pt­ic. The handing of former industrial basins over to a non-governmental nature conser vation organization echoed in mass media at home and abroad (above: ar ticle from the Večer daily ; right : news entitled "A treat for nature conser vation!" in the journal Euronatur of the foundation carr ying the same name with its seat at Radolfzell, Germany). The basins burst to life again (2012–2015) The possibility for a renewed revival of the former TSO basins through restoration of wetland habitats and implementation of the future reser ve's goals became feasible within the project "LIVEDR AVA – Riparian Ecosystem Restoration of the Lower Drava River in Slovenia (LIFE11 NAT/SI/882)", supported by the EU financial mechanism LIFE+. The numerous activities of the project, coordinated and implemented by DOPPS together with its partners in the area of the Drava River bet ween Maribor and Središče ob Dravi, include designation of the Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve (NROL) and establishment of visitor infrastructure. The prerequisite for the functioning of Ormož Basins as a semi-natural wetland is a constant supply of water. In this case it is channelled from the nearby Lake Ormož through the siphon [1 ] and inlet piping system [2] built within the LIVEDR AVA project . The former wastewater treatment engine room [8] has been transformed into a project office with a smallish exhibition room or auditorium, where we have hosted numerous guests from Slovenia and abroad, including school children and students [9], and acquainted them with the Ormož Basins and our efforts to restore them. A special tactile model of the area is available to the blind and visually impaired [10]. The surroundings of the facility were reconstructed into the "Nature reserve's Garden" [11], where sustainable arrangement of domestic garden and conservation measures are displayed (e.g. nest boxes for birds and bats) [12]. HISTORY OF THE ARE A One of the reser ve's basic functions is education. W ith its new educational trail it offers a possibilit y of relaxed, top-qualit y educative experiencing of nature to all people in the ways that do not disturb the animals and other visitors, who are free to enter special obser vation hides. Integration of the public and local entrepreneurs: at the beginning of the project , DOPPS and Ormož Municipalit y presented to the public the purpose of the LIVEDR AVA project and the objectives of the future development of Ormož Lagoons [13]. The contrac tors taking par t in the set ting up facilities for visitors as well as grazing infras tructure were various entrepreneurs from the Podravje region [14]. Area description Ormož Basins Nature Reserve (46°23' N, 16°11' E) is situated in NE Slovenia in the immediate vicinity of the Drava River. It spreads on the floodplain of Središko polje, below the foot of the Early Pleistocene river terrace, on which the town of Ormož was developed immediately along the border with Croatia. Administratively, it belongs to the Ormož Municipality in the Podravje statistical region. The area of Ormož Basins is surrounded from all sides by remains of floodplain forest as well as by few poplar plantations and fields. Along its nor thern edge runs the Pušensk i potok (stream), which separates the area from the fairly ex tensive complex of intensively cultivated farmland. The nearest inhabited places are the hamlet of Amerik a (Pušenci) and the village of Frankovci. There is the railway line Ormož­Središče ob Dravi running nearby. In the south, the area borders on t wo water bodies of ar tificial origin, the Lake Ormož Reser voir (HPP Varaždin facilit y) and the still func tioning flooded gravel pit Jurkovec (DTK 1 : 25,000 © Sur veying and Mapping Authorit y of the Republic of Slovenia). AREA DESCRIPTION ' 33 BIRDS Number of species and groups of birds In the wider area of Ormož Basins (including Lake Ormož, surrounding forests and farmland), ornithologists recorded 266 bird species by the end of 2016, or 69% of all species registered in Slovenia till then (388). Within the reser ve, 220 species with the following status were identified in the same period: 85 bred here regularly or occasionally, 28 were breeders of the area's surroundings, while 107 were species recorded during the winter or migration. These birds belong to 52 families, which incorporate related species with cer tain unique characteristics. Among the best represented are the families with predominant species of wetland habitats, particularly waterfowl Anatidae, herons Ardeidae and representatives of six families known under their common name of shorebirds Charadriiformes. Table: Families of birds and apper taining number of species in the area of Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve. The numbers of all recorded species, breeders (with additional number o f breeders of t he area's sur rounding s in br acke t s), and reg ularl y o ccu r r i n g s p ecie s a r e s t a ted h er e w i t h . A comp a r is on b e t w e en Slovenia and the World (number of all known species) is also given. The most characteristic and otherwise interesting families are presented on pa ges 36 –38. Note: Separ ation into families and inclusion of species into them has been taken from the latest literature and may differ from older sources. BIRDS Pheasants & Allies Phasianidae 3 1 (2) 1 8 Grebes Podicipedidae 4 2 2 5 Swifts Rails & Coots Thick-knees Avocets & Stilts Sandpipers Storks Ibises & Spoonbills Osprey Owls Bee-eaters Woodpeckers Old World Orioles Crows & Jays Penduline-tits Bearded Reedling Grassbirds & Allies Leaf Warblers Long-tailed Tits Treecreepers Wrens Thrushes Apodidae Rallidae Burhinidae Recurvirostridae Scolopacidae Ciconiidae Threskiornithidae Pandionidae Strigidae Meropidae Picidae Oriolidae Corvidae Remizidae Panuridae Locustellidae Phylloscopidae Aegithalidae Certhiidae Troglody tidae Turdidae 1 5 1 2 25 2 2 1 2 1 7 1 7 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 5 0 5 0 1 1 0 (2) 0 0 1 (1) 0 (1) 6 (1) 1 2 (1) 1 0 2 1 (1) 1 2 1 2 (1) 1 3 96 5 7 131 0 1 10 2 2 7 15 29 91 2 2 20 0 3 35 0 1 1 1 10 220 0 1 31 7 10 254 1 1 32 5 10 123 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 3 57 3 7 70 1 1 13 2 2 9 1 1 85 5 7 153 Kinglets Regulidae 1 0 1 2 Old World Sparrows Passeridae 2 1 (1) 2 6 Finches & Allies Fringillidae 10 5 (1) 10 18 Waterfowl [1] They include ducks, geese and swans (among others); distributed all over the world. Of all aquatic birds, they inhabit the widest spectre of wetlands. The bill is wide and flattened, usually with lamellae, neck long, head small. Palmate foot, with three webbed toes. In many of them (ducks) pronounced sexual dimorphism. Mostly monogamous, pairs of some of them stay together for life (e.g. swans). Grebes [2] Predominantly fish-eating birds, distributed in continental wetlands all over the world. Well adapted to life in water, with robust lobed feet and toes surrounded with lobes of skin. Bill pointed, wings short and narrow, no tail. Monogamous, many of them characterized by their complex mating rituals. Rails & Coots [3] They inhabit different habitat types worldwide; our species are largely confined to wetlands. With the exception of coots, they are known for their hidden way of life, spending most time in thick vegetation. Toes are usually very long; lobed in coots. Omnivorous, some representatives almost exclusively herbivorous. Recent extinction documented for at least 26 species, mostly island endemics incapable of flight. Sandpipers [4] They nest predominantly in open wetlands, from grasslands to coastal salt marshes. Numerous species breed in Arctic tundra, but spend only the short summer there, while the greater part of their life cycle is spent in temperate and tropical belts. This group includes curlews, godwits, stints, woodcocks, snipes and sandpipers. The bill is thin, and the same as legs in numerous species long, some of them with partially webbed toes. This group is characterised by great diversity in their feeding niches and breeding strategies. Gulls, Terns & Skimmers [5] Globally one of the most widely distributed groups of birds, inhabiting all continents, offshore islands and oceans; this group includes gulls and terns (amongst others). White, black and grey shades of feathers predominate in these birds. Wings are long and pointed. Many gulls are omnivorous, while terns are mostly fish-eaters, or feed on water organisms they catch by plunge-diving into the water. They breed in colonies numbering from a few to several ten thousand pairs. Herons [6] Medium to large sized birds with long legs and toes; they live on or in the vicinity of water bodies, feeding on different water and land animals, which they grab or stab with their powerful straight bills. During flight, neck is folded and, the same as legs, long; tail is short. During the breeding season, many species acquire short ornamental feathers on their heads and backs: their powder down feathers are characteristic as well. The majority of species breed colonially in trees or bushes above the water. Hawks [7] Most numerous group of raptors, inhabiting practically all land habitats. They include birds of prey with the exception of falcons and Osprey. The bill is short and sharply hooked, intended for tearing prey or dead animals. Wings are broad and rounded, eyes directed forward, legs medium long, strong, with long and hooked claws for killing the prey. The sexes are mostly equally coloured; females are larger than males. These birds are monogamous, with the same pair often using nest for a number of years. Woodpeckers [8] They inhabit all continents except Australia. This group includes woodpeckers and wrynecks (among others). Feathers well patterned, with prevailing black, white and red colours. Head big, with enforced skull, neck thick. Bill chisel-shaped and strong, adapted for excavating, tongue long, narrow and retractable. Legs short, adapted for climbing, with long, distinctly curved claws. Tail stiff, offering support during climbing. Monogamous, with the majority of these birds excavating their own nesting holes. Shrikes [9] Although they reach their greatest diversity in the Old World, only six species of these small to medium sized birds can be found in Europe. They are characteristic birds of open habitats, where individual trees or bushes are utilised as perches by them. Most of these birds have black facial mask and black-and-white, medium to very long tail feathers. The bill is hooked. They feed on insects and small vertebrates. Some species impale their prey on thorns. Bearded Reedling [10] This group comprises a single species on a global scale. From the aspect of relationship with other birds, our species is the most unusual one. In the past, it was classified into different families – tits, warblers and babblers. It is a small bird, with short wings and long tail, and short pointed bill. During breeding as well as outside this period, it is confined to reeds. First breeding of the species in Slovenia was recorded in Ormož Basins in 2017. Waterbirds – an overview Among the birds recorded in the area of the reser ve, 103 are wetland species (waterbirds*), 62 of which occur regularly (± each year), while 41 are ver y rare or accidental visitors. Owing to the exceptional significance of this area for them, this ecological group of birds is in the forefront of the conser vation effor ts of the Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve. Table: List of all waterbird species ( 103 species) obser ved till the end of 2016 in the area of Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve (NROL). The occurrence frequency: VC – ver y common, recorded in > 50% of obser vation days; C – common, recorded in 25–50% of all obser vation days; F – frequent, recorded in 10–25% of all obser vation days; R – rare, recorded in 5–10% of all obser vation days; ! – ver y rare visitor with less than 10 records af ter 2000; !! – accidental visitor with less than 5 known records. A bundance of regular l y occur ring species in the per iod of more frequent occurrence: 1 – sing ly (1–2 individuals); 2 – small numbers (3–10 ind.); 3 – numerous (11–100 ind.); 4 – > 100 individuals. Status: R – regular, occasional or former NROL breeder; SU – breeder of the reser ve's surroundings; N – nonbreeder. * Here, some repr esentati ves of passer ines, w hich inhabit exclusivel y wetlands in the breeding season at leas t , have been included in t he g roup of w ater birds. O ther w ise, the mos t frequently used defini t ion speci fies as water birds onl y t he follow ing families (lis ted her ew i t h are onl y t hose recor ded in Slovenia): G av i i da e , P o di c i p e di da e , P e l e can i da e , P hal a c r o c o r a c i da e , A r d e i da e , Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, Phoenicopteridae, Anatidae, Gruidae, Rallidae, Haema topodidae, Recur v iros t r idae, Bur hinidae, Glar eolidae, Char adr iidae, Scolop acid ae and L ar idae . Mute Swan Cygnus olor VC 2 R White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons ! N Ruddy Shelduck Wigeon Teal Pintail Shoveler Pochard Tufted Duck Cormorant Bittern Night Heron Little Egret Grey Heron Black Stork Glossy Ibis Little Grebe Red-necked Grebe White-tailed Eagle Osprey Tadorna ferruginea Anas penelope Anas crecca Anas acuta Anas clypeata Aythya ferina Aythya fuligula Phalacrocorax carbo Botaurus stellaris Nycticorax nycticorax Egretta garzetta Ardea cinerea Ciconia nigra Plegadis falcinellus Tachybaptus ruficollis Podiceps grisegena Haliaeetus albicilla Pandion haliaetus !! C VC F C C C !! ! R F VC R !! VC ! C ! N 3 N 4 R 2 R 3 R 3 R 2 R N N 2 N 2 N 3 N 2 SU N 4 R N 1 SU N Spotted Crake Porzana porzana R 1 R Moorhen Gallinula chloropus VC 3 R Crane Grus grus R 3N Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus C 2 R Stone-curlew Ringed Plover Golden Plover Lapwing Sanderling Temminck's Stint Curlew Sandpiper Broad-billed Sandpiper Jack Snipe Great Snipe Black-tailed Godwit Whimbrel Common Sandpiper Spotted Redshank Marsh Sandpiper Redshank Slender-billed Gull Little Gull Burhinus oedicnemus Charadrius hiaticula Pluvialis apricaria Vanellus vanellus Calidris alba Calidris temminckii Calidris ferruginea Calidris falcinellus Lymnocryptes minimus Gallinago media Limosa limosa Numenius phaeopus Actitis hypoleucos Tringa erythropus Tringa stagnatilis Tringa totanus Chroicocephalus genei Hydrocoloeus minutus !! R !! VC !! F F ! ! !! R ! C C F C !! ! N 2 N N 4 R N 2 N 2 N N N N 2 N N 2 N 2 N 2 N 2 R N N Pallas's Gull Larus ichthyaetus !! N Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis ! N Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica !! N Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus VC 3 R Table: The periods of waterbird occurrence in the area of Ormož Basins in the calendar year. L i g ht blue sec t ions illus t r ate the breeding period for species t hat breed in the area of NROL or have bred there in the past , with resumed nes ting expected there after the area’s final restoration of the desired status. Regularly occurring species are included, without ver y rare and accidental visitors (62 species). MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Coot Savi's Warbler Moustached Warbler Sedge Warbler Reed Warbler Great Reed Warbler Reed Bunting MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Breeding birds – general A good third of all registered bird species in the Ormož Basins complete here the entire reproduction cycle, from establishing the breeding territory, nest building, egg laying and incubation to the care of the young and attainment of their independence. Most nature reserve breeders inhabit forests and dense shrubs (37); among these, common and generally distributed species prevail. The number of breeders of wetland habitats (waterbirds) is indeed somewhat smaller (31), but this group embraces most of the rare, threatened or in other ways important species of conservation concern. Grasslands, overgrown areas, basin dikes and buildings are used for nesting by the birds, characteristic of agricultural landscape (17 species). Food is searched for in the reserve also by breeders of the reserve's surroundings. The commonest breeder in the Ormož Basins is the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, which densely inhabit s all t ypes of forests with a well-developed layer of undergrow th and thickets. In 201 3, 1 12 breeding pairs were inventoried here (figure [1] depicts distribution of the breeding territories obtained through territor y mapping ; light green - forests, dark green – scrubs). This 14 cm long and ca. 20 g heav y bird [2] feeds on insect s and spiders, as well as on various fruits during the summer (e.g . black elderberr y). It usually builds its nes t low above the ground in a safe shelter of blackberries, net tles and similar plants, or in low bushes and trees [3]. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica [8] inhabit s open landscape, where it breeds exclusively on buildings and other facilities, but avoids cit y centres. Most often it selects active barns with domes tic animals, par ticularly cat tle. It feeds on small insects it catches in flight. Soon af ter the introduction of pasture infrastructure and animal grazing , it began to nes t in 2016 in the barn [9] that is, for the time being , the only nest site in the reser ve. In spite of its size, the Black Stork Ciconia nigra [10] belongs to inconspicuous bird species owing to its timidity and secret way of life. In contrast to its better known white relative, it most often builds its nest high in an old Pedunculate Oak in a remote and quiet forest [11]. An important part of its exceptionally large home range (few 100 km2) is the branched out network of various water bodies, where it feeds on fish and other aquatic organisms. The reserve's water bodies are regularly visited by a pair breeding in the near vicinity. Migration stopover site One of the most striking characteristics of the birds' world are migrations – directed, return movements of birds each year at approximately the same time, most often to cer tain regions or areas. The main reason for their migrations are seasonal changes in the availability of food in nesting areas. The consequence of migrations is a mass movement of populations t wice a year bet ween nest sites and wintering quar ters in the south. It has been estimated that each year more than 5 billion Eurasian birds spend the winter in sub-Saharan Africa and that more than 50 billion birds migrate on the global scale. There are only few long-distance migrator y birds that are capable of completing a migration route in a single continuous flight . The majorit y of them must stop occasionally in suitable places (known as migration stopover sites) and replenish their energy reser ves. Migration stopover sites and conditions there are of exceptional impor tance, for they affect not only the course of their migration but indirectly their breeding, sur vival and, in turn, the state of their populations and trends as well. Today, numerous migrator y species are threatened also owing to the loss and degradation of their stopover sites. Half of the approximately 10,000 described birds in the world and a good three fourths of all species recorded in Slovenia are migrants. Bird migrations include movements at distances from few tens to several thousands of kilometres. As far as the Robin Erithacus rubecula [1] is concerned, only populations from the northern and eastern parts of Europe are known to migrate, while Southern and Western European populations are more or less sedentary. During the winter and migration period we can thus observe individuals from Scandinavia, Russia and the Baltic states, while the individuals breeding in our country spend the winter in the Mediterranean. The Common Tern Sterna hirundo [2] is a long-distance migrant. In a few weeks, individuals from Central Europe cover 5,000 km to the seashores of Western Africa, where they spend the winter along the highly productive upwelling regions. Its relative, the Arctic Tern S. paradisea, covers the distance of 70,000 km between the Arctic nest-sites and wintering quarters in the Southern Ocean in a single migration cycle, which is the longest distance among all birds. The majority of birds migrate along the well-established migration corridors (flyways), which include an entire area (land, oceans and air space), across which species or groups of birds move during their migration. As far as waterbirds are concerned, we basically distinguish eight or nine global flyways, three of which include the territory of Europe. Slovenia is situated in the region of the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway between the eastern part of Europe and Northern and sub-Saharan Africa (red arrow). Part of it is also the Adriatic Flyway or the Adriatic-Tunisian migratory route, which connects Central Europe with North Africa across the east coast of the Adriatic Sea, Italy, Sicily and Malta. Natural and semi-natural wetlands have an impor tant role of migration stopover sites and are key factor in the conser vation of waterbird populations. This holds true par ticularly to waders and duck s, which owing to the specific ecological requirements usually have only a limited number of potentially suitable migration s topovers available along their migration routes. These are of ten far apar t, and due to the high number of simultaneously occurring individuals an intensive competition for food takes place there. The number and duration of stopovers during the birds' migration cycle and the abundance of individuals at separate stopovers greatly differ among species also owing to their different migration strategies. The nominotypical subspecies of the Red Knot Calidris c. canutus [3] breeds in the Arctic tundra of Northern Siberia between 75 and 80° latitude and winters in coastal wetlands of Western Africa. During the autumn migration, the practically entire world population of the species (> 500,000 individuals) gathers at a single migration stopover area, i.e. in the intertidal zone of the Wadden Sea (Germany/Holland), while at the most important wintering quarters, i.e. Banc d'Arguin in Mauritania, ca. 75% of its population spends the winter. The route between the two areas is covered by these birds in a single uninterrupted 5,000 km long flight; before taking off, they accumulate ample fat reserves, owing to which their body mass doubles. The Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola [4] is a breeder of northern parts of Europe and spends the winter in sub-Saharan Africa. The first part of some 7,000 km long migratory route south includes a series of short flights between stopover sites, where individuals stay for a few days at the most, accumulating only low fat reserves. This, however, is followed by a longish stay and increase in their body mass by 20-30% before crossing the Mediterranean Sea and Sahara. During spring migration, Wood Sandpipers reach Southern Europe badly emaciated, but gradually replenish their reserves through intense feeding between numerous short stopovers on their way to their nest sites. The migration takes place dispersedly in a wide belt of Europe, without major aggregations of individuals. The Ormož basins are one of the few sites in Central Europe where several hundred individuals were observed in a single day, both in spring and autumn. The group of migratory birds comprises considerably more species with declining populations than found among sedentary birds. The most important threats to migratory birds are: (a) destruction and deterioration of their habitats at nest-sites and/or wintering quarters, (b) loss of migration stopover sites, (c) hunting pressure in Southern Europe and Northern Africa, and (d) climate change. It has been estimated that more than 2 million birds are shot each year along the Adriatic Flyover alone. In most countries in this particular part of Europe, uncontrolled hunting and widespread illegal shooting, even at the most important stopover sites in the region, pose a major problem. Slovenia, however, is a bright exception in this respect. With a total prohibition of hunting, NROL is one of the last quiet and safe staging areas for waterbirds on their migratory route south, which is one of the most important achievements in this region so far. Still, it has not always been so – in the 1980s, for example, hunters were intensively killing birds in TSO's basins, while illegal hunting of waterbirds on the Croatian side of Lake Ormož was regularly taking place still no more than a few years ago [5, 6]. Well documented is the outcome of one of such hunting rampages on 10 August 1985, during which the following species of birds were killed in the basins: 75 Mallards, 3 Teals, 6 Coots, 3 Wood Sandpipers, 2 Common Sandpipers, 2 Redshanks, 2 Green Sandpipers, 1 Ruff. Position of NROL on the migrator y route of various species of birds, depicted with locations of birds ringed abroad and later recorded at NROL (red points, 42 locations) and birds ringed at NROL and later recorded abroad (green points, 53 locations). The former categor y includes 14 and the later 17 bird species, respectively. Species with highest number of recoveries are Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica (15) and Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (1 1). The longes t-dis tance recover y concerned a Barn Swallow recovered in Eilat , Israel (2481 km away). Source of data: Slovenian bird ringing centre (SCOP), Slovenian Museum of Natural Histor y. Bird habitats The largest part of Ormož basins is covered by the wetland within existing dikes, where the open water sur face alternates with shallow areas and bare mudflats, ex tensive reed beds, bulrush stands and other marsh vegetation t ypes. On the edges and raised par ts of the basins and elsewhere on wetter grounds nearby, these turn into sections with predominant tall herbs and scrubs. Woodlands are mostly situated on the reser ve's edge, and apar t from white willow and poplar stands and the complex of riverine oak-ash-elm forest, a few poplar plantations from the time when TSO was still functioning can also be found here. Mown and grazed grasslands have been reinstated in former ruderal tracts of land, areas for depositing materials and boundar y areas that are increasingly overgrown with invasive plants. Distribution (above) and areas (above on the right) of the main habitats within Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve (as in 2015). Open water [1] 3,8 6,1 Total 62,7 100,0 The bare and sparsely vegetated mudflats [6] are important for numerous shorebird species, which characteristically distribute themselves with regard to the type of food and foraging maneuvers in the gradient of varying water depths, which can be shown for the area of Ormož Basins with several regularly occurring species. Apart from this, the small islets, inaccessible to terrestrial predators, and other open flat surfaces along the water are at the same time also nest-sites of some species from this group of birds. The Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius [7] has a short bill and feeds by pecking invertebrates from the muddy surface and along the water edge on the basis of its visual perception; The Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea [8] thrusts its long and curved bill into the mud and thus probes the soft substrate, often moving into the depth of about 5 cm by doing so. This species detects its prey with the aid of tactile receptors in its bill. The Greenshank Tringa nebularia [9] is able to feed due to its larger size and long bill in deeper water (up to 12 cm), when with a forwardly inclined posture as well as semi-open and partially submerged bill pursues and often catches little fishes. The islets and mudflats in NROL basins are one of the few Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus [10] nest-sites in the continental part of Slovenia. Lowland forests, semi-natural and natural stands with predominant 20–30 m high trees on temporarily flooded grounds, are a distinctly heterogeneous habitat with characteristic bird species from well-developed layer of undergrowth and herbs to the highest tree crowns. About a third of all forest breeders in the area of the nature reserve are hole-nesters, nesting in cavities in trunks and larger side branches of trees. Woodpeckers excavate their nest holes by themselves each year with their strong bills (primary hole-nesters), which also applies to the largest representative of this group of birds, the Black Woodpecker Dryocopos martius [15]. Secondary hole-nesters occupy abandoned woodpeckers' holes or other suitable cavities available in tree trunks. The most numerous among them is the Starling Sturnus vulgaris [16], which forms smaller colonies in large trees with numerous cavities and feeds mostly in the surrounding farmland. The Chiffchaff Phylloscopuis collybita [17] builds a well-hidden domed nest with side entrance on the ground or low above it and feeds on small insects high in tree crowns. The Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus [18] is one of our most colourful birds. This otherwise timid species spends most of its time in the canopy shelter where it builds, several metres above the ground, a cup-like nest, hanging from the underside of the fork of two thin branches. This bird picks butterfly and beetle larvae from leaves of crown branches. The nest of the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos [19] is lined with mud on the inside and is usually built in a low tree or bush 1 to 2 metres high in the undergrowth. Its main food are snails he searches for on wet ground and crushes them by striking them against a stone, around which numerous shells gradually pile up [20]. The Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla [21] uses its climbing legs to move up the trunks and pick spiders and insects with its long bill from behind the bark. It nests in tree crevices, often behind detached bark. Nature conservation importance The area of Ormož basins is of great national and international importance due to significant number of species of conser vation importance, occurring in the reserve during the breeding and migration periods. The Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus breeds only here, whereas regularly occupied nest-sites in at least seven species have been recorded at less than five other sites in Slovenia. Due to their small and/or decreasing populations and breeding in a geographically ver y limited area, all have been included in the Red list of threatened breeding birds of Slovenia. Fur thermore, the Ormož Basins are among the most impor tant stopover sites for migrator y birds in our countr y. As far as other groups of organisms are concerned, most at tention deser vedly goes to the regular occurrence of the Eurasian Ot ter Lutra lutra and t wo threatened inver tebrate species, as well as to few protected habitat t ypes. Owing to the impor tant populations of cer tain threatened animal species and habitat types of European concern, the Ormož Basins have been included into the net work of EU protected areas Natura 2000 sites as par t of the special protection area (SPA) Drava (Id. No. SI5000011) under the Birds Directive and part of the special area of conser vation Drava (Id. No. SI3000220) under the Habitats Directive. Both Natura 2000 sites have been designated with a special decree upon Slovenia's entr y into EU in 2004. N AT UR E CONSERVATION IMPOR TA NCE Table: Species of conser vation concern in Ormož Basins, for which the special protection area (SPA) Drava was designated. Population – estimate of breeding population size (pairs – p) or non- breeding population size (individuals – ind.) at Ormož basins (max. – highest number of simult aneousl y registered individuals); % SPA – percentage of SPA Drava breeding population within Ormož basins; Season – season to which estimates refer (B – breeding , W –wintering , M – migration); Red List – threat categor y in the Red list of threatened breeding birds of Slovenia (CR – cr i t icall y endanger ed species, EN – endan gered species, VU – vulnerable species, NT – near threatened species). Species in bold breed in Slovenia at less than five other sites. Gadwal 1-8 p 100,0 B VU Collared Flycatcher 1-3 p < 1 B [1] The Gad wall Anas strepera and Pochard Aythya ferina [1] are breeder s of nutr ient-rich continental wet lands . In our count r y, the fir s t now breeds onl y a t Med vedce Reser voir (Dr avsko polje), w hereas the lat ter has been recorded to breed in a smal number of sites in NE Slovenia. Although the Pochard inhabits a large par t of Eurasia, it was listed in 2015 among the g lobally threatened species (categor y VU), considering that its numbers decreased by 40% in the las t t wo decades. The Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus has confirmedly bred in the Ormož Basins since 2010; this is its only regularly occupied nest site in Slovenia. Territorial and display flights of the pair with characteristic male calls can be obser ved and heard above the basins from the end of March onwards. After its population collapse owing to the negative impacts of pollution with toxic chemicals, hunting and habitat loss in the 1960s and 1970s, the Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra [4] recovered quite significantly thanks to its statutory protection in the majority of European countries. In Slovenia it was legally protected in 1973; in 1960, angling clubs were still offering awards for the killed otters. Owing to its hidden way of life – it hunts mostly at dusk – the chance of observing it in its natural environment is very small. Its presence is most often revealed by the characteristic prints of its paws and excrements [5] with which it marks its territory. In the last few years, the species has also been regularly occurring in the Ormož Basins and close by. Habitat t ype of riparian mixed forest s of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris) (Code 91F0 in Annex I of the Habitats Direc tive) represents t ypical lowland floodplain forests along larger watercourse, thriving on undeveloped grounds with river deposits, where the groundwater level is somewhat lower and the forest s are flooded only during high waters. Due to the numerous negative impacts, ver y few stands of this kind have sur vived in Slovenia. They are threatened by drainage, urbanization, thinning and spreading of the nonindigenous Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia in the area's drier par t s. The forest complex within NROL is one of the bet ter preser ved fragments along the Drava River. N AT UR E CONSER VATION IMPOR TA NCE Nature reserve management The former TSO's wastewater basins fell into the ownership and management of DOPPS by vir tue of the exceptional importance of this area for breeding and migrating birds. Bet ween 2012 and 2015, restoration of the wetland was implemented and visitor infrastructure built. To maintain the basins' long-term national and international conser vation significance and implementation of the educational function of the reser ve, appropriate conditions have to be provided in the area of Ormož Basins throughout the year. This is achieved through a regular implementation of management activities based on the reser ve's goals. N AT UR E R E SERV E M AN AGE ME NT 69 Target species and habitats The NROL management plan stipulates the desired state of habitats and target species in the area of Ormož Basins, which is the basis for the reserve's divisioning into management units. Each management unit is represented by certain habitat type with the apper taining species and specific management regime. Legend Scrub / Single tree Island with herbaceous plants Infrast ructure Low land floodplain fores t Dir t road Gravel island Pond Reed and bulrush s tand Restored back water Poplar plantation Floodplain oak-ash-elm forest Grassland Mudflat Grass y dyke crown Open water Reed bed Island most ly withou t veget ation Herbaceous plants covering waterside bank of basins The vision of the desired state of habitats in the area of Ormož Basins under the presumption of optimal management in accordance with the plan. Through management we wish to at tain and maintain a similar state in the long run of Basin 3 as present here in the firs t year af ter the abolition of sugar production in TSO (2007 ). Habitat: Predominantly ver y shallow water (< 20 cm), with gentle passages in the gradient of different depths, elongated, low and largely bare island with gently rising banks, aquatic par t of the basin void of vegetation; predominantly dr y, from the bank hardly accessible forest island with soft wood trees Surface area: 4.5 ha Basin 4 Target species: Common Tern Sterna hirundo, Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus , Marsh Harrier, Ferruginous Duck , herons (Lit tle Bit tern, Bit tern Botaurus stellaris, Purple Heron Ardea purpurea, Lit tle Egret), Pochard, Tufted Duck, Gadwall, Garganey, Little Crake Habitat: Predominant avg. water depth of ca. 1 m with t wo larger islands void of woody vegetation, inaccessible to land predators – one of them is bare and covered with shingle, the other with shallowly inundated reeds; ex tensive stands of herbaceous aquatic and emergent vegetation Surface area: 6.5 ha Basins 5 and 6 Target species: Wood Sandpiper, Ruff, other waders (migration), Black-winged Stilt, Redshank, herons (feeding), Curlew Numenius arquata (summer roost), ducks of the genus Anas (feeding, migration) A total of 35 species of shorebirds (without gulls and terns) have been recorded in Ormož Basins, their common characteristic being feeding in (occasionally) flooded areas and along banks. The highest densities of shorebirds occur in shallow and predominantly unvegetated wetlands (< 25% plant cover and their low height) with high biomass of invertebrates in muddy ground [1]. The majority of species feed in the water to the depth of 10 cm (max. ca. 30 cm). An important factor is also the topography of the feeding habitat, especially the gentle slope and the presence of little channels and structures that increase the effective surface area of the feeding habitat and availability of food for a wide range of species. Similar as shorebirds, different species of ducks distribute themselves (with regard to their feeding method) along the gradient of water depths, although in somewhat deeper parts. The density of dabbling ducks, which do not dive while searching for food, is the greatest in the shallow parts of the wetlands (depth < 25 cm) with undulating bottom, which provides for a wide range of different depths with gradual transitions. The biggest Mallard Anas platyrhynchos can feed down to the depth of 50 cm, the smallest Teal A. crecca down to ca. 20 cm. Some species most often feed by picking and filtering food on or just below the surface (e.g. Garganey A. querquedula, Shoveler A. clypeata), while the Wigeon A. penelope does so by grazing on land. Diving ducks (genus Aythya) usually search for food in the wetlands' deeper parts [2]. During the restoration of the wetland, when ground works were implemented, various structures (islets, channels, mudflats) were constructed in Basins 5 and 6 in accordance with these guidelines. Ferruginous Duck [1] A specialist in habitat selection; for breeding it requires smaller wetlands in direct succession phase, with avg. depth of 1 m and 65-70 percent cover of aquatic and emergent plants, particularly pondweeds, bladderworts, Fringed Water-lily etc., where the overgrown parts alternate with open water surfaces. It feeds in parts with shallow water (30–100 cm) close to thick emergent vegetation or in shallow muddy areas. A very important source of its food are the larvae of midges Chironomidae, both in the breeding season and at the time prior to nesting. Ferruginous Duck is a species of global conservation concern (NT category – Near Threatened); its small Slovenian population (10–30 pairs) is Critically Endangered (CR category). Ormož Basins are a great potential for the establishment of internationally and nationally important stable population of this species. Little Crake [2] The habitat of this species are dense, mature reed beds with numerous passages bet ween reed stands and par ts with open water within reed beds and channels, mixed stands of reed with bulrush and large sedge communities or pure bulrush stands and other t ypes of emergent vegetation. An impor tant factor as far as reed beds are concerned is the presence of a layer of old, broken reed stems. Its nest is always located above ca. 50 cm deep water, few metres away from the edge of open water or land. In optimal conditions it forms loose colonies. In Slovenia it breeds in small numbers at a few scattered localities (20–50 pairs), the only somewhat bigger population inhabiting Lake Cerknica. NROL is the only nest-site of this bird in the Drava River region. Here, an ex tensive area of the species' optimal habitat can be maintained through suitable management. Little Bittern [3] Breeds in mature reed beds, to a smaller ex tent also in bulrush stands and other similar vegetation, rarely in trees. It favours inundated reed beds (with depth of water below nests 40 cm on average), rarely nes t s in dr y areas. Wetland size is not an important factor in its habitat selection, as smaller water bodies (min. 0.8 ha) or smaller reed beds (min. 200 m2) suit it as well; more impor tant is the structure of habitat, with the outer edge of reed bed at its transition to open water sur face of irregular shape, with as great ratio bet ween reed bed's sur face area and the leng th of water edge as possible. In Ormož Basins, a significant increase in the number of breeding pairs is expected, as well as development of one of the most impor tant local populations in the continental par t of the countr y. Middle Spotted Woodpecker [4] A specialist, confined to mature deciduous forests with prevailing oak and soft wood tree species (willows, poplars). The breeding densit y of this bird species increases with the age of stands and increased share of preferential tree species. It feeds mostly in tree crowns and on trunk s of living trees, w hereas the dead but s t ill s t anding trees are sig nificant especiall y for excavation of breeding holes. Males' mating success is strongly associated with the size of the forest fragment, in which he defends his territory – the smaller the size of the fragment of other wise suitable habitat, the smaller the possibilit y that the male will at tract a female and reproduce successfully. Along the Drava River it occurs in small numbers in the areas with suitable sur viving forest stands, such as the complex of an old riverine floodplain forest in the area of NROL. Flat Bark Beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus [5] This saprox ylic beetle species occurs in older forest stands and is especially abundant in riverine floodplain fores ts. Adults and lar vae are predators, living under the bark of standing or lying trees, par ticularly poplar, willow, elm, oak and ash. Of great impor tance are dead trees in the early phase of decomposition and older trees, given that the relative abundance of individuals considerably increases in more than 70 cm thick tree trunks. Owing to the intensive management, there is not much dead wood in most forests, which is the reason why this bark beetle is rare with clumped distribution. Only few records are known about its occurrence along the Drava River; in the forests within Ormož Basins it is, on the other hand, a well-distributed species. Problems and threats Af ter the factor y was closed down and production ceased, the supply of water into the basins was stopped as well, which caused rapid dr ying and overgrowing of the basins and, in turn, disappearance of the majorit y of most impor tant species. At the end of 2014, water supply was provided again within the LIVEDR AVA project with a possibilit y of optimal control of the water levels in separate basins. In spite of the re-established constant water supply, the basins, dikes and surrounding areas are subject to overgrowing with woody and herbaceous plants, including non-indigenous invasive species. [1] [2] Management methods The management of Ormož Basins Nature Reser ve includes several thematic blocks. Water regime management Envisaged to at tain optimal water depths and to it related ex tent, structure and arrangement of desired aquatic and riparian habitats in the area of the basins. It is implemented with a controlled water supply and empt ying of the basins in accordance with the management plan or the situation in the field, and is adapted to the requirements of birds species of conser vation impor tance. Generally, in the warm par t of the year, lower or the so-called summer water levels are maintained in the basins and, on the other hand, higher or the so-called winter levels in the cold par t of the year. Woody vegetation control and management Includes regular manual removal of woody plants, controlled grazing by water buffaloes, mowing and mulching to prevent excessive overgrowing of the basins. Restoration and maintenance of grasslands The basis is extensive grazing in the entire grassland area by relocating the herd bet ween pasture units. If necessar y, preparator y works for the restoration of grasslands in the target area are also implemented. Conservation of natural softwood forest stands Oriented at providing optimal conditions for threatened animal species either by retaining the current state or by measures to increase dead wood mass and to conserve protected forest habitat types. Monitoring implementation Through regular monitoring of bird populations, other animal groups and plants of conser vation impor tance, development of vegetation and target habitats as well as other factors significant for the management, efficiency of the measures and achievement of the reser ve's objectives are evaluated. Maintenance of low vegetation in the basins wit h shallow water, on dikes and in boundar y areas is largely implemented through grazing by water buffaloes. Domestic water buffalo Bubalus bubalis originates from wild water buffalo B. arnee of Asia and is one of the oldest domes tic animal species. Their wide hooves enable them to walk on ver y soft ground without sinking into it . Their selection of food is more diverse and, on top of it all, these animals are physiologically bet ter adapted to a poorer qualit y fodder than other cat tle species. In comparison with other grazing animals, they are thus more suitable for aquatic environments with predominant marsh vegetation; their utilization is par ticularly advisable in the area of wetlands for conser vation management of lush vegetation grow th. Grazing is also the most suitable form of management of the areas for shorebirds, as it creates bare inver tebrate-rich ground. Implementation of grazing in such a large area requires suitable infrastructure. The pasture electric fence [5] with the total leng th of 12.8 km prevents grazing animals from entering undesired areas and enables spatially and temporally controlled grazing in compliance with the reser ve's objec tives. The stable [6] provides grazing animals with protection during unfavourable weather conditions and at the same time ser ves as a garage for agricultural machiner y and a work shop. The smaller facilit y on the nor th side of the basins is meant for a regular storage of fodder and watering of grazing animals. At the beginning of the active management, par ts of the area were included in the system of Unit s of A gricultural Land, where agricultural use takes place, as DOPPS is a registered agricultural holding with ecological farm cer tificate. Ormož basins nature reserve visiting Nature reserve Ormoške lagune is open to the public as per current opening hours and is admission free for individual visitors. Guidance, however, is compulsor y for all groups exceeding ten persons and all formal educational institution groups (kindergar ten, school, universit y, etc., irrespective of the number of visitors). Payable group guidance is conducted after preliminar y announcement and booking of the term by the reser ve's manager. How to get to the reserve? Entrance to the reser ve is located at the beginning of the macadamized access road in the vicinit y of Pušenci village near Ormož. From Ormož bypass 300 m east of Ormož (centre)-Ljutomer intersection turn south to Ljutomerska/ Opek arnišk a cesta (road) and after ca. 1 .5 k m turn left immediately af ter crossing the railway line. Drive straight along the left embankment of Lake Ormož (a few metres after the crossing ignore the turning for the hamlet called Amerika) and after 1.5 km immediately after the edge of a larger forest you will reach the access road to the reser ve. Turn left, from where only 50 m will still have to be covered to the reser ve's entrance point. The reserve can also be reached by bicycle or foot. The shortest route from the main bus station in the centre of Ormož to the reser ve's entrance point is ca. 3.7 km. The best way if you choose to go there by foot is to use the left embankment of Lake Ormož. At its beginning pass through the gate in the fence opposite the former sugar factor y and leave the lake by going down the steps and crossing the little bridge precisely opposite the entrance to the reser ve. ORMOŽ BASINS N AT UR E RESERV E VISI TING Literature General Bairlein, F., Dierschke, J., Dierschke, V., Salewski, V., Geiter, O., Hüppop, K., Köppen, U. & Wolfgang F. (2014): Atlas des Vogelzugs: Ringfunde deutscher Brut- und Gastvögel. – AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. Bauer, H.-G., E. Bezzel & W. Fiedler (eds.) (2005): Das Kompendium der Vögel Mitteleuropas. – AULA Verlag, Wiebelsheim. Becker, P.H., Schmaljohann, H., Riechert, J., Wagenknecht, G., Zajková, Z., González-Solís, J. (2016): Common Terns on the East Atlantic Flyway: temporal–spatial distribution during the non-breeding period. – Journal of Ornithology 157 (4): 927–940. Boere, G. C. & Stroud, D. A. (2006): The flyway concept: what it is and what it isn’t. pp 40–47. In: Boere, G. C., Galbraith, C. A. & Stroud, D. A. (eds.). Waterbirds around the world. – The Stationery Office, Edinburgh. Bordjan, D. (2011): Polojnik Himantopus himantopus. – Acrocephalus 32 (150/151): 221. Bordjan, D. & Božič, L. (2009a): Pojavljanje vodnih ptic in ujed na območju vodnega zadrževalnika Medvedce (Dravsko polje, SV Slovenija) v obdobju 2002–2008. – Acrocephalus 30 (141/142/143): 55–163. Božič, L. & Denac, D. (2014): Reka Drava – darilo narave za vse generacije. – DOPPS, Ljubljana. Colwell, M. A. (2010): Shorebird ecology, conservation and management. – University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles. Cramp, S. (ed.) (1998): The complete birds of the western Palearctic on CD-ROM. – Oxford University Press, Oxford. Delaney, S., Scott, D. A., Dodman, T. & Stroud, D. A. (2009): An Atlas of wader populations in Africa and western Eurasia. – Wetlands International, Wageningen. Denac, D. (2003): Upad populacije in sprememba rabe tal v lovnem habitatu rjavega srakoperja Lanius collurio v Šturmovcih (SV Slovenija). – Acrocephalus 24 (118): 97-102. Denac, D., Schneider-Jacoby, M. & Stumberger, B. (eds.) (2010): Adriatic flyway – closing the gap in bird conservation. – Euronatur, Radolfzell. Denac, K., Mihelič, T., Božič, L., Kmecl, P., Jančar, T., Figelj, J. & Rubinić, B. (2011): Strokovni predlog za revizijo posebnih območij varstva (SPA) z uporabo najnovejših kriterijev za določitev mednarodno pomembnih območij za ptice (IBA). Končno poročilo (dopolnjena verzija). – DOPPS, Ljubljana. EuroNatur (2010): Ein Zuckerl für den Naturschutz. – EuroNatur 2010 (2): 30. Geister, I. (1995): Ornitološki atlas Slovenije. – DZS, Ljubljana. LITER ATURE 89 Uredba Natura 2000: Uredba o posebnih varstvenih območjih (območjih Natura 2000). – [http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=URED283] Vrezec, A., Tome, D. & Denac, D. (2006): Selitev in izjemni selitveni pojavi pri pticah. – Ujma 20: 125–136. Vrezec, A., Ambrožič, Š. & Kapla, A. (2013): Vpliv projektnih akcij na hrošče (projekt Life+ LIVEDRAVA). Prvo vmesno poročilo. – Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Ljubljana. Vrezec, A., Ambrožič, Š., Kapla, A. & Bordjan, D. (2014): Vpliv projektnih akcij na hrošče (projekt Life+ LIVEDRAVA). Drugo vmesno poročilo – Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Ljubljana. Wetlands International (2016): Waterbird Population Estimates. – [http://wpe.wetlands.org]. Winkler, D. W., Billerman, S. M. & Lovette, I. J. (2015): Bird Families of the World. An Invitation to the Spectacular Diversity of Birds. – Lynx Edicions & The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Barcelona. Wlodarczyk, R., Minias, P., Kaczmarek, K., Janiszewski, T. & Kleszcz, A. (2007): Different migration strategies used by two inland wader species during autumn migration, case of Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola and Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago. – Ornis Fennica 84 (3): 119–130. ZRSVN (2013): Naravovarstveni atlas. – [http://www.naravovarstveni-atlas.si] Zwarts, L., Bijlsma, B. G., van der Kamp, J. & Wymenga, E. (2009): Living on the Edge: Wetlands and Birds in a Changing Sahel. — KVN Publishing, Zeist. Ornithological data (NROL area and surroundings) Basle, T. (2012): Plevica Plegadis falcinellus. – Acrocephalus 33 (152/153): 125. Bibič, A. (1988): Ptice vodnih zbiralnikov severovzhodne Slovenije. – Acrocephalus 9 (37-38): 25-48. Bombek, D. (2011): Zalivski galeb Chroicocephalus genei. – Acrocephalus 32 (148/149): 96. Bombek, D. (2001): Njivska gos Anser fabalis & Beločela gos A. albifrons. – Acrocephalus 22 (104/105): 55–56. Bordjan, D. (2006): Prosnik Saxicola torquata. – Acrocephalus 27 (128/129): 103–104. Bordjan, D. (2011): Močvirski Tringa glareola in zelenonogi martinec T. nebularia. – Acrocephalus 32 (148/149): 94. Bordjan, D. (2012): Vodne ptice in ujede Cerkniškega polja (južna Slovenija) v letih 2007 in 2008, s pregledom zanimivejših opazovanj do konca leta 2010. – Acrocephalus 33 (152/153): 25–104. Bordjan, D. (2014): Zlatouhi ponirek Podiceps auritus. – Acrocephalus 35 (160/161): 94. Bordjan, D. (2014): Veliko število vodnih ptic in ujed na zadrževalniku Medvedce (SV Slovenija) med vremensko motnjo oktobra leta 2012. – Acrocephalus 35 (162/163): 165–169. Bordjan, D. (2015): Spring migration of waterbirds and raptors at Medvedce reservoir (Dravsko polje, NE Slovenia). – Acrocephalus 36 (164/165): 21–43. Bordjan, D. (2016): Črna raca Melanitta nigra. – Acrocephalus 37 (170/171): 233. Bordjan, D. & Božič, L. (2009b): Rjasta kozarka Tadorna ferruginea. – Acrocephalus 30 (141/142/143): 210–211. Božič, B. (1992): Priba Vanellus vanellus. – Acrocephalus 13 (54): 155. Božič, L. (1990): Rjavi galeb Larus fuscus. – Acrocephalus 11 (46): 110–111. Božič, L. (1991): Rdečenoga postovka Falco vespertinus. – Acrocephalus 12 (47): 30. Božič, L. (1991): Beli prodnik Calidris alba. – Acrocephalus 12 (47): 31. LITER ATURE 91 Božič, L. (2008): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2008 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 29 (136): 39–49. Božič L. (2011): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2011 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 32 (148/149): 67–77. Božič, L. (2011): Prekomorski prodnik Calidris melanotos. – Acrocephalus 32 (148/149): 93–94. Božič, L. (2011): Sabljasti martinec Xenus cinereus. – Acrocephalus 32 (150/151): 223–224. Božič, L. (2013): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2013 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 34 (156/157): 93–103. Božič, L. (2014): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2014 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 35 (160/161): 73–83. Božič, L. (2015): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2014 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 36 (164/165): 57–67. Božič, L. (2016): Numbers, distribution and nest site characteristics of Jackdaw Corvus monedula in Slovenia and its conservation status. – Acrocephalus 37 (170/171): 123–150. Božič, L. & Štumberger, B. (1994): Prvo opazovanje črne njorke Cepphus grylle v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 15 (64): 69-72. Božič, L. & Denac, D. (2010): Številčnost in razširjenost izbranih gnezdilk struge reke Drave med Mariborom in Središčem ob Dravi (SV Slovenija) v letih 2006 in 2009 ter vzroki za zmanjšanje njihovih populacij. – Acrocephalus 31 (144): 27–45. Bračko, F. (1987): Veliki kormoran Phalacrocorax carbo. – Acrocephalus 8 (33): 44. Bračko, F. (1987): Svilnica Cettia cetti. – Acrocephalus 8 (33): 47. Bračko, F. (1987): Belorepec Haliaeetus albicilla. – Acrocephalus 8 (34): 59. Bračko, F. (1987): Plašica Remiz pendulinus. – Acrocephalus 8 (34): 62. Bračko, F. (1989): Grahasta tukalica Porzana porzana. – Acrocephalus 10 (41/42): 61. Bračko, F. (1989): Polojnik Himantopus himantopus. – Acrocephalus 10 (41/42): 62. Bračko, F. (1990): Črni hudournik Apus apus. – Acrocephalus 11 (43/44): 31. Bračko, F. (1990): Brkata sinica Panurus biarmicus. – Acrocephalus 11 (43/44): 32–33. Bračko, F. (1990): Prezimovanje pepelastega lunja Circus cyaneus v severovzhodni Sloveniji v obdobju 1982–90. – Acrocephalus 11 (46): 95–101. Bračko, F. (1992): Poročila od koderkoli: Ormoško jezero. – Acrocephalus 13 (50): 28. Bračko, F. (1992): Poročila od koderkoli: Ormoško jezero. – Acrocephalus 13 (50): 28. Bračko, F. (1992): Kamenjar Arenaria interpres. – Acrocephalus 13 (52): 88. Bračko, F. (1993): Gaga Somateria mollissima. – Acrocephalus 14 (60): 160. Bračko, F. (1994): Hribska listnica Phylloscopus bonelli. – Acrocephalus 15 (63): 59. Bračko, F. (1996): Razširjenost laboda grbca Cygnus olor v severovzhodni Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 17 (77): 111–116. Bračko, F. (2016): Črna vrana Corvus corone. – Acrocephalus 37 (168/169): 99. Bračko, F. (2016): Rjava penica Sylvia communis. – Acrocephalus 37 (168/169): 102. Bračko, F. & Štumberger, B. (1995): Breguljka Riparia riparia ob slovenski subpanonski Dravi. – Acrocephalus 16 (68/69/70): 62–67. Ciglič, H. & Sovinc, A. (1996): Potrjeno gnezdenje črnogrlega ponirka Podiceps nigricollis v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 17 (75/76): 43–46. LITER ATURE 93 Janžekovič, F. (1985): Pojavljanje triprstega galeba Rissa tridactyla na Štajerskem. – Acrocephalus 6 (26): 53–54. Janžekovič, F. (1986): Pojavljanje velike bele čaplje Egretta alba na Dravi med Ptujem in Ormožem. – Acrocephalus 7 (27/28): 7–8. Janžekovič, F., Štumberger, B. & Denac, D. (2003): Velikost legla, velikost jajc in fenologija prihoda na gnezdišče pri navadni čigri Sterna hirundo v SV Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 24 (117): 61–66. Kazmierczak, K. (1986): Mala tukalica Porzana parva. – Acrocephalus 7 (29): 40. Kerček, M. (2000): Ozkokljuni liskonožec Phalaropus lobatus. – Acrocephalus 21 (102/103): 279. Kerček, M. (2001): Žličarka Platalea leucorodia. – Acrocephalus 22 (104/105): 54. Klemenčič, A. (2001): Grahasta tukalica Porzana porzana. – Acrocephalus 22 (106/107): 122–123. Klemenčič, A. (2001): Ozkokljuni liskonožec Phalaropus lobatus. – Acrocephalus 22 (109): 234–235. Kmecl, P., Božič, L., Rižner, K. & Smole, J. (1997): Selitev kamenjarja Arenaria interpres prek Slovenije. – Acrocephalus 18 (85): 180–184. Koce, U., Basle, T., Premzl, M., Rozman, R., Šalamun, G. (2003): Pegasta sova Tyto alba in lesna sova Strix aluco v gradovih in nekaterih drugih objektih SV Slovenije – Acrocephalus 24 (118): 103–107. Kočevar, B. (1998): Duplinska gos Tadorna tadorna. – Acrocephalus 19 (89): 116. Kočevar, B. (1998): Belorepec Haliaeetus albicilla. – Acrocephalus 19 (89): 117. Kočevar, J. (2002): Pritlikavi kormoran Phalacrocorax pygmeus. – Acrocephalus 22 (109): 233. Kočevar, B. (1998): Polojnik Himantopus himantopus. – Acrocephalus 19 (89): 118. Komisija za redkosti (1993): Seznam redkih vrst ptic Slovenije 1990. – Acrocephalus 14 (58/59):99–119. Korošec, L. (1996): Navadni zvonec Bucephala clangula. – Acrocephalus 17 (74): 31. Lipej, L. & Makovec, T. (1997): Prezimovanje črnih lisk Fulica atra v Strunjanski laguni. – Acrocephalus 18 (80/81): 23–26. Logar, K. & Božič, L. (2014): Letna Dinamika Pojavljanja Vodnih Ptic Na Reki Dravi Med Mariborskim Jezerom In Jezom Melje (Sv Slovenija). – Acrocephalus 35 (160/161): 5–23. Lukač, G. (1980): Snežni strnad Plectrophenax nivalis. – Acrocephalus 1 (6): 101. Lukač, G. (1981): Labod grbec Cygnus olor. – Acrocephalus 2 (7): 16. Lukač, G. (1981): Velika bela čaplja Egretta alba. – Acrocephalus 2 (7): 16. Lukač, G. (1983): Ornitofauna Ormoškog akumulacionog jezera. – Larus 33-35: 7–23. Lukač, G. (1984): Ekskurzija na ormoško akumulacijsko jezero. – Acrocephalus 5 (19/20): 20. Lukač, G. (1987): Pojavljanje prilivke Burhinus oedicnemus ob srednjem toku Drave. – Acrocephalus 8 (33): 40–42. Lukač, G. (1988): Pojavljanja brkate sinice Panurus biarmicus v severozahodnih področjih Jugoslavije. – Acrocephalus 9 (37/38): 66–68. Mlakar, G. (1990): Brkata sinica Panurus biarmicus. – Acrocephalus 11 (43/44): 32. Ploj, A. & Gamser, M. (2011): Kamenjar Arenaria interpres – Acrocephalus 32 (148/149): 94–95. Ploj, A. & Novak, J. (2013): Kamenjar Arenaria interpres. – Acrocephalus 34 (156/157): 114. Rubinič, B. (1995): Črnonoga čigra Gelochelidon nilotica. – Acrocephalus 16 (68/69/70): 83. LITER ATURE 95 Štumberger, B. (1983d): Prlivka Burhinus oedicnemus. – Acrocephalus 4 (17/18): 61. Štumberger, B. (1983e): Ploskokljuni prodnik Limicola falcinellus. – Acrocephalus 4 (17/18): 61. Štumberger, B. (1985): Prezimovanje pritlikavega kormorana Phalacrocorax pygmeus na Ptujskem in Ormoškem jezeru. – Acrocephalus 6 (23): 2–5. Štumberger, B. (1985): Žličarka Platalea leucorodia. – Acrocephalus 6 (26): 66. Štumberger, B. (1986): Duplinska gos Tadorna tadorna. – Acrocephalus 7 (29): 38. Štumberger, B. (1990): Mali labod Cygnus bewickii na Ormoškem akumulacijskem jezeru. – Acrocephalus 11 (45): 45–46. Štumberger, B. (1991): Pojavljanje jezerskega martinca Tringa stagnatilis v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 12 (48): 75–80. Štumberger, B. (1993): Duplinska gos Tadorna tadorna. – Acrocephalus 14 (60): 159. Štumberger, B. (1996a): Rjasta gos Tadorna ferruginea. – Acrocephalus 17 (74): 30. Štumberger, B. (1996b): Veliki strnad Miliaria calandra. – Acrocephalus 17 (74): 39–40. Štumberger, B. (1996b): Prodniki Calidris var. – Acrocephalus 17 (78/79): 163–164. Štumberger, B. (1997): Rezultati štetja vodnih ptic v januarju 1997 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 18 (80/81): 29–39. Štumberger, B. (1998): Rezultati štetja vodnih ptic v januarju 1998 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 19 (87/88): 36–48. Štumberger, B. (1999): Rezultati štetja vodnih ptic v januarju 1999 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 20 (92): 6–22. Štumberger, B. (1999): Ploskokljunec Limicola falcinellus. – Acrocephalus 20 (97): 198–199. Štumberger, B. (2000a): Prvo opazovanje prekomorskega prodnika Calidris melanotos v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 21 (102/103): 269–270. Štumberger, B. (2000b): Ribji galeb Larus ichthyaetus. – Acrocephalus 21 (102/103): 279–280. Štumberger, B. (2001): Žličarka Platarea leucorodia. – Acrocephalus 22 (104/105): 54–55. Štumberger, B. (2001): Kratkokljuna gos Anser brachyrhynchus. – Acrocephalus 22 (104/105): 55. Štumberger, B. (2001): Veliki klinkač Aquila clanga. – Acrocephalus 22 (104/105): 57. Štumberger, B. (2001): Rezultati štetja vodnih ptic v januarju 2001 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 22 (108): 171–174. Štumberger, B. (2001): Črnovrati ponirek Podiceps nigricolis. – Acrocephalus 22 (109): 233. Štumberger, B. (2001): Rdečenogi martinec Tringa totanus. – Acrocephalus 22 (109): 234. Štumberger, B. (2002): Črnovrati ponirek Podiceps nigricolis. – Acrocephalus 23 (113/114): 147. Štumberger, B. (2002): Dolgorepa raca Anas acuta. – Acrocephalus 23 (115): 194. Štumberger, B. (2002): Rdečenogi martinec Tringa totanus. – Acrocephalus 23 (113/114): 150. Štumberger, B. (2009): Mali prodnik Calidris minuta. – Acrocephalus 30 (141/142/143): 216. Štumberger, B. (2015): Konopnica Anas strepera. – Acrocephalus 36 (164/165): 83. Štumberger, B. & Denac, D. (1994): Pojavljanje in gnezditvena gostota malega ponirka Tachybaptus ruficollis v ormoških bazenih. – Acrocephalus 15 (62): 8–16. Štumberger B. & Bračko, F. (1996): Gnezditev polojnika Himantopus himantopus v ormoških bazenih za odpadne vode – Acrocephalus 17 (78/79): 135–143. Tome, D. (2005): Veliki žagar Mergus merganser. – Acrocephalus 26 (124): 48. LITER ATURE 97 Ellmauer, T. (2005) (ed.): Entwicklung von Kriterien, Indikatoren und Schwellenwerten zur Beurteilung des Erhaltungszustandes der Natura 2000-Schutzgüter. Band 1. Vogelarten des Anhangs I der Vogelschutz-Richtlinie. – Im Auftrag der neun österreichischen Bundesländer, des Bundesministerium f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft und der Umweltbundesamt GmbH. Fasola, M. & Alieri, R. (1992): Nest Site Characteristics in Relation to Body Size in Herons in Italy. – Colonial Waterbirds 15 (2): 185–191. Harrington, B. A. (2003): Shorebird management during the non-breeding season – an overview of needs, opportunities, and management concepts. – Wader Study Group Bulletin 100: 59–66. Kaminski, R. M & Prince, H. H. (1981): Dabbling Duck and Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Responses to Manipulated Wetland Habitat. – Journal of Wildlife Management 45 (1): 1–15. Kazantzidis, S., Goutner, V., Pyrovetsi, M. & Apostolos, S. (1997): Comparative Nest Site Selection and Breeding Success in 2 Sympatric Ardeids, Black-Crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) in the Axios Delta, Macedonia, Greece. – Colonial Waterbirds 20 (3): 505–517. Kushlan, J. A. & Hafner, H. (2000) (eds.): Heron Conservation. – Academic Press, New York, San Diego. Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y., Piersma, T., Wiersma, P., Poot, M., Battley, P. & Gordon, C. (1998): Water depth selection, daily feeding routines and diets of waterbirds in coastal lagoons in Ghana. – Ibis 140 (1): 89–103. Pasinelli, G. (2003): Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius. – BWP Update Vol. 5 (1): 49–99. Petkov N. (2003): Status and Distribution of Breeding Ferruginous Duck in Bulgaria. pp. 22–27. In: Petkov N., Hughes B. & Gallo-Orsi U. (eds.): Ferruginous Duck: From Research to Conservation. International Meeting Proceedings, 11–14 October 2002. – BSPB -TWSG, Sofia. Robinson, J. (2003): A global overview of the ecology of the Ferruginous Duck. pp. 114–121. In: Petkov N., Hughes B. & Gallo-Orsi U. (eds.): Ferruginous Duck: From Research to Conservation. International Meeting Proceedings, 11–14 October 2002. – BSPB -TWSG, Sofia. Sabathy, E. (1998): Zum Vorkommen der Zwergdommel (Ixobrychus minutus) in Wien unter Berücksichtigung methodischer Aspekte der Bestandserfassung. – Egretta 41: 67–89. Stermin, A. N., Pripon, L. R., David, A. & Coroiu, I. (2011): Wetlands management for Little Crake (Porzana parva) conservation in a “Natura 2000” site. 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development. – IPCBEE vol.4: 91–94. Vegvari, Z. (2000): Habitat selection of nesting and migrating birds in the Hortobagy. PhD Thesis. – University of Debrecen. PHOTO AND IL L USTR ATION CR EDI TS 99 [1] Mute Swan [ 7 ] Garganey [2] Mallard [5] Wigeon [8] Gadwall [3] Shoveler [6] Teal [9] Pochard [19] Coot [22] Kingfisher [25] Greenshank [20] Moorhen [23] Green Sandpiper [26] Common Sandpiper [21] Water Rail [24] Wood Sandpiper [27] Spotted Redshank My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... My visit to Ormož Basins Nature Reserve Name: Date: Observed bird species • Mute Swan Mallard Shoveler Pintail Wigeon Teal Garganey Gadwall Pochard Tufted Duck Ferruginous Duck Little Grebe Great Creste Grebe Little Bittern Purple Heron Great Egret Bittern Grey Heron Coot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hour: Number ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... • Number Moorhen ...................... Water Rail ...................... Kingfisher ...................... Green Sandpiper ...................... Wood Sandpiper ...................... Greenshank ...................... Common Sandpiper ...................... Spotted Redshank ...................... Marsh Sandpiper ...................... Redshank ...................... Black-tailed Godwit ...................... ...................... Lapwing Snipe ...................... Black-winged Stilt ...................... Ruff ...................... Dunlin ...................... Curlew ...................... Little Ringed Plover ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... Contents of info tables Ent rance point : Basic information on the reser ve Forest I: Charac teris tics, habi t at t y pe, fores t birds Basin 1: Species and groups of birds in the reser ve, identification of waterbirds (Par t 1) Basin 2: Bird migrations Basin 3: Habitats of waterbirds, the story of containers – bird observation hides Basin 4: Ormož Basins layout within the LIVEDRAVA project (wetland restoration, infrastructure) Nature reser ve's garden: overview of the contents, presentation of nature-friendly arrangement of domestic garden, domestic animals Info Of fice: History of Ormož Basins Basin 5: Nature conser vation importance of Ormož Basins, identification of waterbirds (Part 2) 10 Basin 6: Management of the nature reserve, water buffaloes 11 Forest II: Beetles of conservation importance OBČINA OR MOŽ