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Delež smrti, pripisljiv alkoholu, pri raznih rakih, 2010 (povzeto po [11] ·111 r! ,.1 ,.1 1.1 ,., ... •.• ,., .. . .. -ti U:rtr1.i No~nl ,1~1 J:rtm d~I =o::!1r.:.il~I( D~1,c-10 • ~:r.i Gr1o do (il •✓~~ :;rnrtl .::.. ·n: 11'1:-t ;-1 ,..IH ;-1 ... 1:-1 1·1 r-r ... ·av: 111 1:-11 :-1111 v:.-• ..ili.Ji.:li di.1r1lw r..ilw ;~ :·I :1 • · UJI 1,1· • ;l. 11·J1.1.: • 11 IIJ.~J~j   Tabela 1. Raki, potencialno povezani s pitjem alkoholnih pijač , in dosedanji dokazi o vzročni povezanosti (povzeto po [11 ]). MKB-10 -Mednarodna klasifikaciJa bolezni in sorodnih zdravstvenih problemov za statist ične namene 10 reviziJa Bolezen MKB-10 Uč inek alkohola Dosedanj i dokazi Rak ustne votline in žrela C00-C13 Škodljiv Vzročna povezanost Rak grla C32 Škodljiv Vzroč na povezanost Rak požiralnika C15 Škodljiv Vzročna povezanos t Rak debelega črevesja in danke ter zadnjika C18-21 Škodljiv Vzroč na povezanost Rak jeter in žolčnih vodov C22 Škodljiv Vzročna povezanost Rak želodca C16 Škodljiv Ni zadostnih dokazov za vzroč no povezanost Rak trebušne slinavke C25 Škodljiv Potrebno ponovno proučiti vzročno povezanost Rak pljuč C33-C34 Škodljiv Ni zadostnih dokazov za vzročno povezanost Rak dojke (ženske) cso Škodljiv Vzročna povezanost Rak prostate C61 Škodljiv Ni zadostnih dokazov za vzročno povezanost C64-C66, C68 Varovalen/ ni Ni zadostnih dokazov za vzročno Rak ledvic in mehurja vpliva (le za raka (razen C68.9) ledvice) povezanost Hodgkinov limfom C81 Varovalen/ ni Ni zadostnih dokazov za vzročno vpliva povezanost Ne-Hodgkinov limfom C82-85, C96 Varovalen/ ni Ni zadostnih dokazov za vzročno vpliva povezanost 0(+$1,=0,93/,929$/.2+2/1,+3,-$ý1$5$=92-5$.$ $ONRKROQHSLMDþHVRPHãDQLFHUD]OLþQLKVHVWDYLQSROHJHWDQRODLQYRGHODKNR YVHEXMHMRVQRYLNLVRSRVOHGLFDIHUPHQWDFLMHNRQWDPLQDFLMHDO LVRXSRUDE OMHQHNRWDGLWLYL EDUYLODRNXVL >@0HGVHVWDYLQDPLMHODK NRYHþWDNLKNL VRNDUFLQRJHQHNRWQDSULPHUHWDQRODFHWDOGHKLGDIODWRNVLQL QHWLONDUEDPDW ,]PHGYVHKNRPSRQHQWMHHWDQRONLMHJODYQDVHVWDYLQDDONRKROQLKSLMDþWLVWLNLMHQDMSRPHPEQHMãL]DUD]YRMUDND>@7UHQXWQRMHOHPDORXJRWRYLWHY GDELUD]OLþQHDONRKROQHSLMDþHUD]OLþQRYSOLYDOHQDQDVWDQHNUDND>@ 0HWDEROL]HPHWDQRODYNOMXþXMHGYDNRUDNDGHKLGURJHQDFLMH3ULþ ORYHNXVH HWDQROYSUYHPNRUDNX]HQFLPRPDONRKROQDGHKLGURJHQD]DRNVLGLU DGRDFHW DOGHKLGD9GUXJHPNRUDNXSDVH]DOGHKLGQRGHKLGURJHQD]RVSUHPHQLY DFHWDW3ULOMXGHKODKNRQDMGHPRYHOLNRYDULDELOQRVWYREHKHQF LPLKNL VRGHOXMHWDSULUD]JUDGQMLHWDQROD>@NDUSRMDVQMXMHGHOYDULDELOQRVWLSUL SRVDPH]QLNLKJOHGHXþLQNRYSLWMDDONRKRODLQSRVOHGLFDK 0HKDQL]PLãNRGHNLMRSRY]URþDSLWMHDONRKROQLKSLMDþVRUD]OLþQLJOHGHQD ORNDFLMRUDNDLQQLVRãHYFHORWLSR]QDQL1DMYHUMHWQHMãLPHGQMLPLYNOMXþXMHMR JHQRWRNVLþQLXþLQHNHWDQRODLQDFHWDOGHKLGDNLMHSUHVQRYQLSURGXNWDONR KRODLQGXNFLMRHQFLPDFLWRNURP3(LQSRVOHGLþQLRNVLGDWLYQLVWUHV]YLãDQHNRQFHQWUDFLMHHVWURJHQRYLQLQ]XOLQXSRGREQLKUDVWQLKIDNWRUMHY YSOLYQDWRSQRVWNDUFLQRJHQRYNLVRYWREDNXVSUHPHPEHYPHWDEROL]PX IRODWDVSUHPHPEHYSRSUDYOMDOQLKPHKDQL]PLK'1$>@]DUD GLLPXQR VXSUHVLMHRPRJRþHQLUD]YRMGUXJLKUDNRYSRVSHãHQDDQJLRJHQH]D LQ]PDQM ãDQMHXþLQNDQHNDWHULKNHPR WHUDSHYWVNLKVUHGVWHY>@   $/.2+2/,15$.96/29(1,-, 3RGDWNHRUDNXYQDãLGUåDYLåHYHþNRWOHW]ELUDLQDQDOL]L UD5HJLVWHU UDND5HSXEOLNH6ORYHQLMHQD2QNRORãNHPLQãWLWXWX/MXEOMDQD/HWDMH QDQRYR]EROHOR]DUDNRPOMXGLPRãNLKLQåHQVN>@3RGDWNL R SRYSUHþQHP EUHPHQX UDND Y 6ORYHQLML Y OHWX  VR SUHGVWDYOMHQLY7DEHOLLQQD6OLNL 3HWQDMSRJRVWHMãLKUDNRYSULQDV±QHPHODQRPVNLNRåQLUDNSURV WDWHGHEH OHJDþUHYHVDLQGDQNHGRMNHLQSOMXþ±REVHJDYVHKQRYLKSULPHURY UDNDYLKEROH]QL1DMSRJRVWHMãHORNDFLMHUDNDYOHWXSRVSR OXSULND]XMH 6OLND 3RSRGDWNLK5HJLVWUDUDNDMHPRJRþHSUHGYLGHWLGDERPHG6ORYHQFLURMH QLPLOHWD]DUDNRPGROHWDVWDURVWL]EROHOVNRUDMHGHQRGGYHK PRãNLKLQHQDRGWUHKåHQVN>@.RWRFHQMXMHMRVWURNRYQMDNL0 HGQDURGQH DJHQFLMH]DUD]LVNRYDQMHUDNDMHELOD6ORYHQLMDOHWDSRLQFLGHQþQL VWRSQML VWDURVWQRVWDQGDUGL]LUDQLQDHYURSVNRSUHELYDOVWYR YV HKUDNRYUD]HQ NRåQHJD  QDRVPHPPHVWXPHGHYURSVNLPLGUåDYDPL  3UHGQDPLVRELOH'DQVND1RUYHãND)UDQFLMD%HOJLMD,UVND1 L]R]HPVND LQýHãND>@   Tabela 2. Osnovne mere bremena raka v Sloveniji po spolu, 2015. Povzeto po [28] 0HUDEUHPHQD 0RãNL äHQVNH 6NXSDM ,1&,'(1&$ âWHYLORQRYLKSULPHURYYHQHP OHWX   2FHQMHQLGHOHåOHWQHVSUHPHPEHJUREH LQFLGQþQHVWRSQMH]DGQMLKOHW     805/-,9267 âWHYLORVPUWLYHQHPOHWX    2FHQMHQLGHOHåOHWQHVSUHPHPEHJUREH XPUOMLYRVWQHVWRSQMH]DGQMLKOHW     35(9$/(1&$ âWHYLORåLYLKRVHE]GLDJQR]R UDNDRENRQFXOHWD     Slika 2: Najpogostejše lokacije raka in njihov odstotni delež po spolu, Slovenija 2015. Povzeto po [28]   9HþUDNRYNLMLKY]URþQRSRYH]XMHMR]DONRKRORPVRGLSRãWHYLOXQRYLKSUL± PHURYPHGQDMSRJRVWHMãLKGHVHWUDNRYY6ORYHQLMLWDNRSULPRãNLKNRWSUL åHQVNDK1DMRþLWQHMãDMHSRYH]DYDDONRKROD]UDNLJODYHLQYUDW X UDNXVWQH YRWOLQHJUODLQåUHOD 3ULPRãNLKVRWLUDNLQDSHWHPPHVWXLQVRYOHWXMOŠKI / MA.LES 'r,--:fi!r: F°IO.:il::il~ t:"~.1:.::·~ITl::I: t_'I-: -..:r·,1 ·m -•1:·L·1 ,:·r,: FIPJ~~ .J,r,:r 1:":'1:.::-ril'r:·· . ..-;; -..-t:-n,q• ~j; ,;•~·~ ~ 111' ~Jk \':I i1 ~· ~•. ■ 1 ~::.d ~ -.:1 ..... ::'1 Zol.,J,,_ ...;-,"":(-.):""' ..;.-:",:, r)-.~ ,:r'"' r :.;-i.1r. ----.~1-:r.._~--.· ~~ tlet .li 1a::He· li=:l·.' w.:: h:..i'ii:1 w1 r~h• 11'" ~ ;.h~_, ~·, -t-rrr 11 r:d~1;• t,.,:-H~dgbru-1 lii-1~.1•r \O ·1-t-O-J:-., ~1 )$ 1~1 K.1._.) -:O \\~~~ l,f ·~.o ------- -1-------- 1.!_.·1 1 !i~ -1-- ,,1 j 1„8 __ _ 1 1 1 i }f;. --1-.:---~ ... 1 ·.,_; i 1 j l.i i,: i~~ i --· 7 . ----7 ------ -l----i----- V 1 i i 1 1 _J _j __ _ 1ENSKE 1 FEMALES IX"ll\:-i ~re·\l:;r t·D.::-:.1-:.:.":''1 YIE:l:-,.:.--ia..:­ ::i~1r. l(il - 1 cl.:r1.:1 i,~ C\.l>:.! v i:11.~•--1. u~ 1•:...i= ::-.d:,~.::1.1= i-:l_ii:"i"!• 1 )f.' t/,:l,· 1 i"n: ': 1,: :::-_:11,.1J: Jli::I t"~. rn~k1 .-_11r „i~1r. -.-:•L'?rorril t-.r-•1:-:,. ,r("l"i'l 1r-1:".m Mr,-. 1-.-ilJkh-: t1m"?l"n1H 1,~:::v~. -i.:: ~lr•~•AJ r-: Y.J':'4~ Z.lccb. SL"..1·1.:t:..l1 J:.a,tn ~ ''"!' :..,;-~,:-. :)11- REVHJDOLYVHKQRYLKSULPHRYUDNRYSULPRãNLK9]DGQMLKGHVHWOHWLK MHELORQMLKRYROHWQRãWHYLORUHODWLYQRNRQVWDQWQR9SRYSUHþMX MHY]DGQMLK SHWOHWLK]DQDYHGHQLPLUDNLJODYHLQYUDWXQDQRYR]EROHOR PRãNLK3UL åHQVNDKQHVRGLMRPHGQDMSRJRVWHMãHUDNH5DNGHEHOHJDþUHYHVD LQGDQNH MHSULPRãNLKQDþHWUWHPPHVWX R]SRYSUHþQRQRYLKSULPHURY OHWQR SULåHQVNDKSDQDWUHWMHPPHVWX R]QRYLKSULPHURY âWHYLORQRYLKSULPHURYUDNDGHEHOHJDþUHYHVDLQGDQNHRGOHWD VWUPR XSDGDSR]DVOXJLXYHGEHQDFLRQDOQHJDSUHVHMDOQHJDSURJUDPD6YLW 5DN GRMNNDWHUHJDSRYH]DYD]DONRKRORPMHGRND]DQDVODERGHVHWOHWMHSDMHQDMSRJRVWHMãLUDNSULåHQVNDK9OHWXMHUDNGRMNSULåHQVNDKGRVHJDO R]YHþNRWQRYLKSULPHURYâWHYLORQRYLKUDNRYGRM NVHY ]DGQMHPGHVHWOHWMXãHYHþD5DNSRåLUDOQLNDLQUDNMHWHUNLMX WXGLY]URþQR SRYH]XMHPRVSLWMHPDONRKRODQLVWDPHGQDMSRJRVWHMãLPLYHQGDU VRGLWD PHGUDNHNMHUMHSHWOHWQRSUHåLYHWMHPHGQDMVODEãLPRNROL DOLPDQM9 REGREMX±MHELORSHWOHWQRSUHåLYHWMHUDNDSRåLUDOQLNDRG VWRWQR]DUDNDMHWHUSDRGVWRWQR ]DREDVSRODVNXSD M> @ *OHGHQDYHOLNREUHPHDONRKRODY6ORYHQLMLLQJOHGHQD]QDQRY]URþQRSRYH]DQRVW]QHNDWHULPLREOLNDPLUDNDVPRåHOHOLSUHUDþ XQDWLNDNãQRãWHYLOR UDNRYNLMLKY]URþQRSULSLVXMHMRSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþODKNR Y6ORYHQLMLSULSL ãHPRSUDYSLWMXDONRKROD3ULWHPVPRXSRUDELOLSUHUDþXQSULSLV OMLYLKGHOHåHY L]YHOLNHHYURSVNHUD]LVNDYH(3,& European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition 9WRPHGQDURGQRSURVSHNWLYQRUD]LVNDYRMHELORPHG OHWRPDLQYNOMXþHQLKYHþNRWSROPLOLMRQD(YURSHMFHYNLVRMLKYSRYSUHþMXVSUHPOMDOLYHþNRWOHW5D]LVNDYDMHSRGDWNHRWUH QXWQHPLQ SUHWHNOHPSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþSULGRELODVVWDQGDUGL]LUDQLPLYSUDãDOQLNLSUYLþREYNOMXþLWYLYUD]LVNDYR3UHUDþXQSRSXODFLMVNLKSULSLVOMLYLKGHOHåHY]DDONRKROMHXSRãWHYDOSRSXODFLMVNDSULSLVOMLYDWYHJDQMDLQY]RUFHSLWMDDONRKROQLK SLMDþYRVHPHYURSVNLKGUåDYDK )UDQFLMD9HOLND%ULWDQLMD,WDOLMDâSDQLMD *UþLMD1HPþLMD'DQVND1L]R]HPVND 7LSUHUDþXQLSULSLVOMLYLK GHOHåHYVR SUYLSULPHUOMLYL]DYHþHYURSVNLKGUåDYSUDYWDNRSDVRSUYLþSUHUDþXQDOL SULSLVOMLYHGHOHåHUDNRYORþHQR]DFHORNXSQRSLWMHLQþH]PHUQRSLWMHDONRKRO QLKSLMDþ0HGYNOMXþHQLPLGUåDYDPLVRVLFHUXJRWRYLOLYHOLNRYDULDELOQRVWYSUHUDþXQDQLKSULSLVOMLYLKGHOHåLKNLMRUD]ODJDMRSUHGYVHP]UD]OLNDPLY Y]RUFLKSLWMDDONRKROQLKSLMDþYREUDYDYDQLKGUåDYDK>@3ULSL VOMLYHGHOHåH ]DSRVDPH]QHUDNHVRVLFHUSUHUDþXQDYDOLWXGLQHNDWHULGUXJLDY WRUMLNLSD VRYNOMXþLOLOHSRVDPH]QRGUåDYRQLVRXSRãWHYDOLSUHWHNOHLQWUHQXWQHSRUDEHDONRKRODQLVRSUHUDþXQDOLSULSLVOMLYLKGHOHåHYORþHQRJOHGHQD VSRODOLVR XSRUDELOLUD]OLþQHPHWRGHXJRWDYOMDQMDSRUDEHDONRKROD]DWRYOLWHUDWXUL QDMGHPR]DLVWRGUåDYRYHþMHLQPDQMãHSULSLVOMLYHGHOHåH]DUD ]OLþQHUDNH 9UD]LVNDYL(3,&VRRFHQLOLGDODKNRSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþSULSLãHPRYVHKUDNRYSULPRãNLKLQYVHKUDNRYSULåHQVNDK1DMYHþMLSULSLVOMLYLGHOHåVRXJRWRYLOL]DREDVSROD]DUDNHJODYHLQYUDWX UDNLXV WQHYRWOLQH  JUODåUHODLQSRåLUDOQLND±]DPRãNH]DåHQVNH VOHGLODVWDUDN MHWHU ]DPRãNHLQ]DåHQVNH WHUUDNGHEHOHJDþUHYHV DLQGDQNH ]DPRãNH]DåHQVNH 3ULUDNXGRMNSULåHQVNDKSDVRXJRWRYLOL GDODKNRSULPHURYSULSLãHPRSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþ9HþMLG HOHå]DONRKR ORPSRYH]DQLKUDNRY ±]DPRãNHR]±]DåHQVNH OD KNR SULSLãHPRþH]PHUQHPXSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþ>@  YNOMXþHQLUDNLXVWQHYRWOLQHJUODåUHODSRåLUDOQLND Slika 3: Alkoholu pripisljivi deleži (AF) po posameznih rakih, po spolu. Države, vklju þene v raziskavo EPIC 2008 (Francija, Italija, Španija, Velika Britanija, Nizozemska, Gr þija, Nemþija, Danska). Povzeto po [8]. Delni AF so pripisljivi deleži þezmernemu pitju alkohola, ki so jih definirali kot pitje ve þ kot 24 g alkohola dnevno za moške in veþ kot 12 g alkohola dnevno za ženske.  =DL]UDþXQãWHYLODSULPHURYUDNRYSULSLVOMLYLKSLWMXDONRKROD VPR]D6ORYH QLMR XSRUDELOL SULSLVOMLYH GHOHåH UD]LVNDYH (3,& WHU SRGDWNH R LQFLGHQFL UDNRYSRYH]DQLK]DONRKRORPL]5HJLVWUDUDND5HSXEOLNH6ORYHQ LMH>@ ,]UDþXQLVRSUHGVWDYOMHQLY7DEHOL2GQRYLKSULPHURY UDND OHWQR SRYSUHþMH± MLKYHþNRWODKNRSULSLãHPRSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþ1DMYHþSULPHURYSULSLVOMLYLKDONRKROXMHUDNDGHEHOHJDþUHYHV MDLQGDQNH QRYLKSULPHURYOHWQRVOHGLMRUDNLXVWQHYRWOLQHLQåUHODV QRYLPL SULPHULOHWQR6NXSQRãWHYLORQRYLKUDNRYNLMLKODKNRSULSLãHPRSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþSULPRãNLKMHSULåHQVNDKSDVNXSDMWRUHMYVHKQRYLKSULPHURYUDND  ;(I i.iF 4_. ~ ·10 ~ 35 ,::, .:! :-:(i :[2:; iS. 20 ~ O 15 .C ~ ll~ -C: s 11 lli=ahi:11"1 .::1·.:1JL1 ir1 d;.nkr1 II ,_. . .,_c ·-li=ahi:11"1 1.:11.:,.iv ir1 d;.nk.i •• ,. 1- 1):-.Jk".=i li=atr.=i (;1.i•~•.i 111 '.iiJ. C  Tabela 3. Povprečno letno število novih primerov rakov v Slovenij'i v letih 2011 do 2015 , ki jih je mogoče računsko pripisati pitju alkoholnih pijač . lzhod/!;(';e za lzratun so povprečja (N, za obdobje 2011-2015) novo zbdellh obeh spolov skupaj {N), moških (Nr,m;q in tensk (Ni ...... ) v Sloveniji v obdobju 2011-2015 za raAf. pri katerih je mo2na alkoholna etio/ogija. in alkoholu pripisljivi odstotni dele2i pri mookih in 2enskah (PAF) iz raziskave EP/C {81) in raziskave ParlISkavl EPIC [%] Izračun po rnlskavl Er::'IC razlSkavl Pa,kln [%) aJkohotu; Izračun po »Parkhiu<1 N- N- N!Mll9 PAF EPIC""°'1,1 PAF EPIC!llftli.» moški ženske 000 spola PAhlMIMI PAF P&'IWSLO SLO skupaj skueal Ustna votline In !rolo 333 263 69 44• 25' 115,8 17.4 133,2 30,4 33.9 112,9 (COO-C10 , C12-14) Grlo(C32) 99 87 12 44• 25' 38,3 3,0 41,2 24,6 26.3 26,0 Potlralnik (C15) 92 76 16 44• 25' 33,4 4,0 37,4 20,6 25,1 23,1 Debelo črevo in 1466 876 589 17 4 149.0 23,6 172,6 11,6 16,4 2 40,7 denka (C18-20) Jctro (C22) 199 149 50 33 18 49,2 9,1 58,2 9,1 12,4 24,7 Dojke (C50) 1286 13 1273 NA 5 63,7 63,7 6,4 10,1- 129,5- Alkoholni skupaj 3475 1464 2010 385,7 120,6 506,3 556,9 MKB-10-Mednarodna l@NMHUVHXSRãWHYDWYHJDQMH]DSRVDPH]QHJDUDNDJOHGH QDJUDP]DXåLWHJDDONRKRODYVSHFLILþQLSRSXODFLML8SRUDELOLVPRSRYSUHþMH SRUDEHDONRKRODY6ORYHQLML]DREGREMH±NDUMH]QDãDORJ þLVWHJDDONRKRODQDGDQ>@=DUDGLRPHMLWYHSULGRVWRSQRVWLS RGDWNRYR SRUDELDONRKRODMHELOSUHUDþXQPRåHQOH]DREDVSRODVNXSDM3 ULUDNXGRMN NMHUVPRQDUHGLOLL]UDþXQOH]DåHQVNHVPRSULSUHUDþXQXXSRUD ELOLYUHGQRVW SRUDEHDONRKRODOH]DåHQVNH9HPRGDNFHORNXSQLSRUDELDONRK RODåHQVNH NROLþLQVNRSULVSHYDMRPDQMãLGHOHåNRWPRãNL=DGRORþLWHYSRUDEHDONRKROD SULåHQVNDKVPRJOHGHQDSRGDWNHL]9HOLNH%ULWDQLMH>@LQSUHUDþXQH6=2>@DUELWUDUQRGRORþLOLGDSRUDED]DåHQVNH]QDãDSULEOLåQR FHORNXSQH YUHGQRVWL=DWRþQHMãLSUHUDþXQELELORWUHEDSULGRELWLGHMDQVNHSRGDWNHR SRUDELDONRKRODORþHQRSRVSROXNDUSDSUHVHJDWRNUDWQLSULVSH YHN3UHUD þXQLVRSUHGVWDYOMHQLY7DEHOL3RSXODFLMVNLSULSLVOMLYLGHOHåLVRSULYVHK UDNLKY6ORYHQLMLYSULPHUMDYL]9HOLNR%ULWDQLMRQHNROLNRYHþM L0HGSUHUDþX QRPDSRREHKXSRUDEOMHQLKPHWRGDKMHUD]OLNDYãWHYLOLLKFHORNX SQLKQRYLK SULPHURYUDNDNLMLKY6ORYHQLMLSULSLãHPRSLWMXDONRKROD R]LURPDRNROL SULPHURY  =$./-8ý(. 3RYH]DYDPHGSLWMHPDONRKROQLKSLMDþLQQDVWDQNRPUD]QLKUDNRYMHåHGROJR ]QDQDUD]LVNDYHSDYHGQR]QRYDXJRWDYOMDMRQRYHUDNHNLMLKY ]URþQRODKNR SRYHåHMRVSLWMHPDONRKROQLKSLMDþ3ULSLWMXDONRKROQLKSLMDþ YSRYH]DYLVWYH JDQMHP]DQDVWDQHNUDNDYLKEROH]QLQL]QDQHYDUQHPHMHSLWMDDONRKROD=YHþMRNROLþLQRSRSLWHJDDONRKRODVHYHþDWYHJDQMH]DQDVWDQHNPDOLJQHEROH]QL5D]LVNDYHXJRWDYOMDMRGDMH]DY]QLNQHWHULKUDNRY± SUHGYVHP JODYHLQYUDWXLQ]DUDNDMHWHU±SRPHPEHQWXGLVLQHUJL]HPXþLQ NRYSLWMD DONRKROQLKSLMDþLQNDMHQMD *OHGHQDWRGDMHSUHFHMãQMLGHOHåUDNRYSRYH]DQVSLWMHPDONR KROQLKSLMDþ SUHGYVHPVþH]PHUQLPSLWMHPMHWUHEDQDGDOMHYDWLLQRNUHSLWLS UL]DGHYDQMD WDNRQDVLVWHPVNLNRWQDLQGLYLGXDOQLUDYQL]D]PDQMãDQMHSLWMDDONRKROQLK SLMDþ 6WURNRYQMDNL]GUXåHQLSRGRNULOMHP0HGQDURGQHDJHQFLMH]DUD]LVNRYDQMH UDNDVRYVNORSX]GUDYVWYHQHVWUDWHJLMH(8OHWDREOLNRYDO LþHWUWRUD]OL þLFR(YURSVNHJDNRGHNVDSURWLUDNX6HVWDYLOLVRGYDQDMVWQDVYH WRYNLQDM EL±þHELMLKOMXGMHXSRãWHYDOL±SULSRPRJOLN]PDQMãDQMX]EROHYQRVWLLQXPUOMLYRVWL]DUDNRP3ULSRURþLODVRVHYHGDWDNDGDQHYDUXMHM ROHSUHG UDNRPSDþSDWXGLSUHGGUXJLPLNURQLþQLPLEROH]QLPLSUHGYVHP EROH]QLPL VUFDLQRåLOMD=DWRELPRUDORXSRãWHYDQMHSULSRURþLO(YURSVNHJ DNRGHNVD L]EROMãDWL ]GUDYVWYHQR VWDQMH QDVSORK (QR RG  SULSRURþLO DNW XDOQHJD (YURSVNHJDNRGHNDSURWLUDNX>@LPDQDVORYª2PHMLWHYVHYUVWH DONR  KROQLKSLMDþ© 6OLND 6YHWXMHGDDONRKROQLKSLMDþVSORKQHSLMHPRþHåH SDQDMPRãNLQHSRSLMHYHþNRWGYHHQRWLDONRKROQHSLMDþHGQHYQRåHQVND SDQHYHþNRWHQHHQRWHGQHYQR HQRWDSRPHQL±JHWDQRODR]L URPD NR]DUHFYLQDSLYDDOLãLOFHåJDQHSLMDþH                Slika 4. 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