Martina Zbašnik-Senegacnik, Janez Rresal 2oo4/1 AR neprezracevana neprosojna fasada unventilated opaque fagade Slika 1: Fasada z zunanjo toplotno izolacijo. Fasade with external heat insulation. Slika 2: Fasada z notranjo toplotno izolacijo. Fasade with internal heat insulation. Slika 3: Fasada z obojestransko toplotno izolacijo. Fasade with heat insulation on both sides. Slika 4: Fasada z vmesno toplotno izolacijo. Fagade with intermediate heat insulation. Slika 5: Fasada brez toplotne izolacije. Fagade without heat insulation. prezracevana neprosojna fasada ventilated opaque facade Slika 6: Fasada z nenosiLno fasadno oblogo. Fagade with carried fagade coat. Slika 7: Fasada s samonosno fasadno oblogo. Slika 8: Masivna fasada s samonosno fasadno oblogo. Fagade with self-bearing fagade coat. Solid fagade with self-carried fagade coat. AR 2oo4/1 Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik. Janez Kresal FASADNI OVOJ THE FACADE COAT raziskava, research povzetek V raziskovalni nalogi Fasadni ovoj je obravnavana zunanja fasada stena, ki je bistveni element za zagotavljanje bivalnega ugodja. Tematika fasadnega ovoja je razdeljena v dva glavna sklopa - neprosojne in prosojne fasade, vsak od njiju pa v neprezracevane in prezracevane fasade. Sestava neprosojnih fasad ne nudi vizualnega kontakta z okolico, za razliko od prosojnih fasad, ki so iz prosojnih gradiv, ki delno ali popolnoma prepuščajo svetlobo. Pri neprezačevanih fasadah so posamezne plasti tesno skupaj, prezračevane fasade pa imajo za fasadno oblogo prezračevalno plast, ki izboljša nekatere fizikalne parametre. Pri vsakem sistemu so predstavljene glavne funkcije in značilnosti, prednosti in slabosti ter kriteriji za izbiro. Obdelane so posamezne plasti, ki sestavljajo obravnavane konstrukcije (toplotne izolacije, fasadne obloge, zračni sloj, parna zapora. vetrna zapora). Pri neprosojnih fasadnih sistemih so podrobno obdelana toplotnoizolativna gradiva (naravna, umetna anorganska, sintetična, posebna toplotnoizolativna gradiva) in fasadne obloge (ometi, kovinske, lesene, steklene, kamnite, opečne in keramične obloge ter obloge iz mineralnih kompozitov in umetnih snovi). Pri prosojnih fasadah so dodana mineralna in sintetična prosojna gradiva in sistemi za uravnavanje svetlobe (zastiranje svetlobe, razprševanje svetlobe, sončna zaščita). V vsako poglavje je vključen sistematičen pregled obravnavanih pojmov. summary The research project The Fagade Coat deals with the exterior fagade wall, which is an essential element for ensuring living comfort. The topic is divided into two main sections opaque and translucent fagades, and furthermore, both are divided into ventilated and non-ventilated fagades. The composition of opaque fagades cannot offer visual contact with the surroundings, contrary to translucent fagades, which are composed of translucent materials that fully or partially allow the passage of light. Particular layers of non-ventilated fagades lie tightly against each other, while in ventilated fagades the fagade coat has a ventilating layer, which can enhance certain physical parameters. The main functions and characteristics with advantages and weaknesses ofeach system are presented, as well as criteria for selection. Separate layers that compose the presented structures were discussed (heat insulation, fagade coat, aired layer, steam block, wind block). In the discussion about non-translucent fagades there are detailed accounts about heat insulation materials (natural, artificial inorganic, synthetic, special heat insulation material) andfagade coats (plaster, metal, wood, glass, stone, brick and ceramic coats, as well as coats of mineral composites and artificial materials). In the discussion about translucent fagades, mineral and synthetic translucent materials were added, as well as systems for regulating lighting (screening-off light, diffusion of light, solar blocks). A systematic overview of discussed concepts is added to each chapter. doseženi cilji. namen in rezultati Naloga razčlenjuje fasadni ovoj v štiri glavne sklope: neprosojne in prosojne fasade in vsako od njih naprej v neprezračevane in prezračevane fasade. Posebej so obdelane posamezne plasti, njihove funkcije in gradiva, kijih sestavljajo. Posamezni sklopi so analizirani in vrednoteni ter uvrščeni v pregledne sheme, ki pripomorejo k razumevanju obravnavane tematike. Rezultat raziskave bo služil kot gradivo pri predmetu Tehnologija gradnje in gradivo v arhitekturi in projektantom v praksi. intentions, goals and results The project structures thefagade coat into four main sections: opaque and translucent fagades, and furthermore each into ventilated and non-ventilated fagades. Special attention was given to particular composite layers with their functions and materials. These sections were analysed, evaluated and positioned in clear tables, which help understanding of the researched theme. The research results will be used as study material for the subject Building technology and materials in architecture and by practising architects. problematika v arhitekturi. umestitev obravnavane teme v te tokove in njen pomen Sodobna tehnologija gradnje se razvija izredno hitro. Tudi na področju fasadnega ovoja se pojavljajo številni novi sistemi. Zaradi nepoznavanja in nerazumevanje njihovega delovanja se v arhitekturni praksi pojavljajo napake in poškodbe, ki bi jih projektant z ustreznim znanjem moral predvideti in preprečiti. Naloga predstavlja doprinos k izobraževanju strokovne arhitekturne javnosti in bo učno gradivo v študijskem procesu. ključne besede fasada, neprosojna fasada, prosojna fasada, neprezračevana fasada, prezračevana fasada architectural issues, positioning the topic in ongoing debate and its' significance Modern building technology is developing very fast. Even in the field of fagade coats numerous new systems are emerging. Because ofpoor knowledge or understanding of their operability mistakes and accidents are occurring, which a practising architect with adequate knowledge shouldpredict and avoid. The project is a contribution to the education of professional architectural publics and will be used as study material in the education process. key words fagade, opaque fagade, translucent fagade, unventilated fagade, ventilatedfagade