Gabor Takäcs Szekesfehervär, Hungary
CDU 809.57.6-31(620)
AEGYPTIO-AFROASIATICA VIII (First Version)
The present paper represents the eighth part of a series of contributions to comparative Afroasiatic lexicology primarily from the viewpoint of Egyptian. This series is the first fruit of the work on a newly begun greater project for the Comparative-Etymological Vocabulary of Egyptian pursued by the author at the Egyptological Department of Eötvös Loränd University, Budapest, Hungary.
The proposed new Egypto-Afroasiatic lexical correspondences continued from our previous communications "Aegyptio-Afroasiaticae I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII" (published and forthcoming in "Discussions in Egyptology", Oxford) are as follows.
53.	Eg. k3-mnh "Schildkröte" (Gr., Wb V 96, 9) is a compound of probably *k3 "tortoise" + *mnh "lizard".
As for the first component cf. AA *kur- "tortoise" > Berb. Ghat, Nehlil kunkur "Schildkröte" (dissim. < *kurkur?) ~ WCh. *kurV "tortoise" (Stolbova 1987, 210; 1986, 90; 1977, 155: PAngas *k!U!r; Skinner 1977, 45; Jungraithmayr 1970, 389; Mukarovsky 1987, 64) ~ CCh. *kwara "lizard" (Mukarovsky 1987, 244) ~ (?) ECh. Toram kungürü "turtle" (Blench 1994, 8: Wch. + CCh. + ECh.). Cf. still Wölfel 1955, 142: Berb. + WCh. Hausa.
Extra-AA parallels in Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: (?) Boko (Soninke) kui) "tortoise", Susu kure "id.", Minianka korokoroijo "id.", Twi akyekyere "id." ~ Kordo-fanian: Masakin kare "id.", (?) koi) "id." (Greenberg 1963, 159).
The element mnh can be identified as a hopeful reflex of AA *mulc - or *mulh-"lizard", cf. ECu. Rendille mulüh "id.", Somali mulac "id." (Heine 1978, 69: PSam *mulc "id."), Afar mullucit "id." - WCh. Ron: Bokkos mulüsus "grey lizard" ~ CCh. Koboci malwä0 "chameleon", Nzangi mälawa "id.", Holma malwe "id." (Strümpell 1922-1923, 135) ~ Berb. Qabyle, Beni Menacer mulab "id." (~ ECu. Sidamo bob - "to smell, stink" with a suffix of certain animal names, cf. Diakonoff 1970, 461, note 23; 1975, 140; 1967, 210; 1965, 28, note 40 and 52, note 2; 1988, 57; 1986, 47; Fronzaroli 1969, 307, note 113; Illic-Svityc 1971, 192-193, etc.).
Cf. Blazek 1992c, 137: AA *mul- (ECu., WCh., Berb.); 1992b, 158: AA *mul(c) -> ECu. + Berb.; Orel 1993, 39 (WCh., ECu.); HSED § 1792 (id.).
54.	Eg. bch "in üblen Geruch gebracht (bildl. vom Namen)" (MK; Wb 1450, 6; FD 81: "to be detested") - ECu. Sidamo bob- "to smell, stink" ~ (?) SCu. *baac- "to defe-
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cate" > Iraqw baca "mud", Dahalo baac - "to defecate" (Ehret 1980, 135), Mbugu bo "to rot, go bad" (Fleming 1969, 26: ECu., SCu., NOm.) ~ NOm. Kafa ibo "mud, dung" ~ CCh. Buduma böbi "Ton, Lehm" (Lukas 1939, 92; if < *"mud"). Cf. Orel 1994, 2: PRift *bac- "mud" + CCh. *ba- (!) "dirt".
55.	Eg. nkt "etwas von, ein wenig..." (MK, Wb II 347, 10; FD 141: "some, a little, something") ~ NCu. Bedawye nikwis "to be short (of), lacking" ~ SCu. Alagwa nukut-"to fall short" (Ehret 1987, 102.§: PCu. *ni/ukw- "to fall short" > NCu., SCu.). Areal parallel in Chari-Nile: Shilluk nok "little" (Greenberg 1963, 93).
56.	Eg. g3p (with knife-determinative) "Handlung an einem kranken Rind: to lance (?) an infection" (Med., Wb V 155, 2; FD 288) ~ PCu. *gwarp-/*gurp- "to cut off" > CCu. Bilin gwärab "to rip off, cut off, tear off" ~ (?) ECu. Yaaku kruhnu "to stump" (Ehret maintains thatYaaku h can < PECu. *b, though Sasse 1979, 14: PECu. *b > Yaaku p, w, 0) ~ SCu. Burunge gurupu "to stump" (Ehret 1987, 70.§: CCu., ECu., SCu.).
57.	Eg. mtj "Vorsteher einer Priestergilde" (OK, Wb II 168, 10-14; FD 121). For a plausible semantic motivation *mt "head" > mtj "chief" cf. Eg. tp "head" (OK) "head(man), chief" (FD 296) ~ ECu. Burji tiip-öo "skull" (Sasse 1982, 177; Blazek 1994b, 5: Eg. + ECu.) ~ (?) WCh. *tap- "to begin" (Orel-Stolbova 1992, 192: Eg. + WCh.). Eg. mtj thus seems a nisba from AA *mat- "head" attested in ECu. *mat-h-"head" (Sasse 1973, 275; 1979, 10; Heine 1978, 69: PSam *matah) ~ NCu. Bedawye mat "(top of) head" ~ Om. *mat- "head" (Blazek: probably borrowed < ECu.) ~ CCh. Paduko mudara "id.", Musgu mada "id.", Vulum mät "id.", etc. ~ Sem. Akk. mutt-"front, forehead". Data from Dolgopol'skij 1973, 182; Mukarovsky 1989, 4; Zaborski 1989, 582-583; Blazek 1989, 16, 60.§.
58.	Eg. *mt "sharp, pointed object" reconstructible on the basis of a few extended derivatives (+ C3) as: mt3j.t, var. mt3.w (*mt-r) "Art Spiess" (BD, Wb II170, 1-2), mt3 "mit dem mt3j.t-Spiess erstechen" (LP, Wb II 170, 3), mtpn.t "Dolchscheide" (CT, Wb II 170, 6), mtf.t "Art Dolch" (CT, Wb II 170, 7), (?) mtnj. t (if not < dn) "Art Beil -> (LP) Messer" (CT, Wb H 171, 6-7).
Possible cognates in Cu. lgs: ECu. Elmolo midi "needle", Dullay mutucco, mutco "id.", Gedeo muta "id." (Blazek 1994, 10, 49.§), Somali mud- "to prick, stab", mudac "fork" (orig. "bodkin"; Sasse 1979,37: < ECu. *mudc-) ~ SCu. *mut- "to pierce" (Ehret 1980, 158).
59.	Eg. *df3 "kind of bird: fatted duck or widgeon (?)" (Gardiner 1927, 463: G42; Wb V 569-571) < AA *cVpVr- "a bird", cf. Sem. *sippar- "bird" (Diakonoff 1970,476, n. 108), also Ar. sifrid- "nightingale"; Sem. *cVspur- "bird" (Rabin 1975, 87) is extended by an c-prefix ~ WCh. *cap(ur)- "guinea-fowl": Warji capur, Boghom sap, Kir sapin, Mburku capur, Jimbin 3äbur, Gisiga cävär "id." ~ CCh. *cipar-/*sapar- "guinea-fowl". Cf. Orel-Stolbova 1988, 78: Sem. + PCh. *cyap-ar- > WCh., CCh.; SISAJa III, 52
22, 37.§: Sem. + WCh.; Skinner 1977, 25: WCh; Orel 1993,41: Sem. + WCh. + CCh. + ECh.
Abbreviations:
AA: Afroasiatic; BD: Book of Dead; Berb.: Berbero-Guance; C: Central; Ch.: Chadic; CT: Coffin Texts; Cu.: Cushitic; E: East; Eg.: Egyptian; Gr.: Greco-Roman Period; LP: Late Period; Med.: Medical Texts; MK: Middle Kingdom; N: North; OK: Old Kingdom; Om.: Omotic; P: Proto-; S: South; Sem.: Semitic; W: West.
References:
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Povzetek AEG YPTIO-AFROASIATICA VIII
Sestavek je prispevek k primerjalnemu afroazijskemu (hamito-semitskemu) slovaroslovju. Predlaga nove etimologije za sedem staroegipčanskih besed, ki doslej niso imele prepoznavnih afroazijskih sorodnikov. To so: egipčansko k3-mnh 'želva', b'h 'zaničevan (pravzaprav 'smrdeč'), nkt 'neki, malo, nekaj', g3p 'sprožiti okužbo', mtj 'nadzornik, preddelavec', *mt- 'oster, zašiljen predmet', *df3- 'pitana raca'. Sestavek sodi v niz besedil o novih egipčansko-afroazijskih slovarskih ustreznostih, ki so bile ugotovljene med izdelovanjem načrtovanega Etimološkega slovarja egipčanskega jezika (prvi del z besedami na b, p, f, m izide v letu 1997).
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