Sežana dz 0 KRAS 2011 908(497.12-14) 0154142,113 NOVEMBER 2011 št: 113 cena 4€ M ION ON UK Tl \\I)S Organizacija Združenih narodov za izobraževanje, znanost in kulturo United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Park skrHjanskc jame www.banka-koper.si ($) + 386 5 666 1000 cD BANKA MEDNARODNIH RAZSEŽNOSTI. VARNA. OKOLJU PRIJAZNA. USPEŠNA. Banka Koper je del mednarodne bančne skupine Intesa Sanpaolo, ki je prisotna v 40 državah po vsem svetu, z več kot 19 milijonov komitentov in 400-letno tradicijo delovanja. Uspešnost bančne skupine potrjujejo naslednje mednarodne uvrstitve: • Najvarnejša bančna skupina v Sloveniji in visoko na svetovni lestvici najvarnejših bank (Global Finance World's 50 Safest Banks, avgust 2010) • Ena najbolj okoljsko ozaveščenih na svetu saj je visoko na lestvici 100 najbolj »zelenih« organizacij na svetu (Newsweek, oktober 2010) • Banka leta v Zahodni Evropi kar predstavlja najvišji standard odličnosti v bančništvu na podlagi dobrih poslovnih dosežkov v preteklem letu (The Ban ker, december 2010) nnn BANKA KOPER 2 uw+tč jUdavvio HčLprzj. Članica skupine INTES4 Q SNNI/40L0 4 4. ■ i'; ,*Srvl [ y&šsf , i«KI [lEDIACARSOdoo ;lefon revije Kras 'lephone ofthe journalKras 386) 05/766-02-90 ffiail: revijakras@siol.net revija o Krasu, o ohranjanju njegove Jturne dediščine in naravne dediščine, Zgodovini, kulturi, gospodarstvu dejavnostih ljudi tega prostora. vijo KRAS izdaja Mediacarso, d.o.o., «o 39, p.p. 17,6223 Komen, Slovenija. 3vni urednik: Lev Lisjak govorna urednica: Ida V. Rebolj !ajatelj: Dušan L. Rebolj Okovanje: Lev Lisjak ;vedla Maja Kranjc :>lov uredništva: ;to 39, p.p, 17,6223 Komen, Slovenija ‘bprodajna cena z 8,5-odstotnim DDV: "°ine številke 4 €, dvojne številke 8 €. ■ očnina za šest zaporednih številk 13štno dostavo na naročnikov naslov j°veniji 32 €, na naročnikov naslov Nini 45 €. N1318-3257. ■'Grafika Soča, d.o.o., Nova Gorica \journal about karst, about %uarding Its cultural and natural - foge, about history, culture, economy, '°ot activities ofpeople from this area. Journal KRAS is edited by Mediacarso, UabilityCompany, Sveto 39, ®°* J 7, St-6223 Komen. tor-in-chief: Lev Lisjak "naging Editor: Ida V. Rebolj ‘ilisher: Dušan L. Rebolj tsl9ner: Lev Lisjak aWated by Maja Kranjc. *es of tl le editorial Office: Sveto 39, .j 3°* i 7, SI-6223 Komen, Slovenia tail Priče including S.5 % VAT: ;,e'šsue4 €, doubleissue8 €. Jrr:ption for5ix running issues with fee* included to the address P °subscriber in Slovenia 32 C to the seiNE ! Slika na naslovnici: Škocjanske jame so bile vpisane v Seznam Unescove svetovne dediščine predvsem zaradi izjemnega podzemnega kanjona Reke. - Fotografija: Borut Lozej Covver photo: Škocjanske Jame were Inscribed into the list of World Heritage at UNESCO due to their outstanding underground of the Reka river. Photo by Borut Lozej November 2011, št. 113 Dr. Gordana Beltram 25 LET VPISA ŠKOCJANSKIH JAM V UNESCOVO DEDIŠČINO IN 15 LET PARKA ŠKOCJANSKE JAME 25 Vears since Škocjanske Jame Were Inscribed into UNESCO Heritage List and 15 Vears of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park^l Mag. Suzana Zupanc Hrastar PARK ŠKOCJANSKE JAME - POMEMBEN DEJAVNIK OHRANJANJA NARAVE IN SPODBUJANJA RAZVOJA The Škocjanske Jame Regional Park - An Important Stimulating Factor of Nature Conservation and Development Akad. dr. Andrej Kranjc ŠKOCJANSKE JAME IN UNESCOVA SVETOVNA DEDIŠČINA NEKDAJ IN DANES Škocjanske Jame and UNESCO VVorld Heritage In the Past and Now Marjutka Hafner UNESCO - ZAGOVORNIK SVETOVNE DEDIŠČINE UNESCO - An Advocate of VVorld Heritage Hans Krafft ZGODBA O SLOVENSKI POKRAJINI IN NJENIH PREBIVALCIH A Story of the Slovenian Landscape and Its Inhabitants Tomaž Zorman NARAVOVARSTVENIKI V PARKU ŠKOCJANSKE JAME Nature Protection Experts in the Škocjanske jame Regional Park Samo Šturm OHRANJANJE ŽIVLJENJSKE PESTROSTI V PARKU Conservation of Living Diversity In the Park Mag. Vanja Debevec Gerjevič ZNANJE KOT VREDNOTA Knovvledge as a Value Darja Kranjc DOMAČIJA PR NANETOVH - POTOVANJE SKOZI ČAS "Pr Nanetovh" Homestead - a Travel Through Time Črtomir Pečar INVESTICIJE IN INVESTICIJSKO VZDRŽEVANJE V JAMAH IN V PARKU OD LETA 1997 DO LETA 2011 Investments and Investment Maintenance in the Caves and in the Park from 1997 to 2011 Jana Martinčič fJjjj UTRIP TURIZMA V PARKU ŠKOCJANSKE JAME Tourist Pulse in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park Rosana Cerkvenik DINARSKI KRAS (RAS st Eafl rre$s abroad 45 €. f 'V8-3257 nt Grafika Soča, L.C.L., Nova Gorica Dinaric Karst Borut Peric RAZVOJ PARKA V PRIHODNJE The Park’s Development in the Future Katja Fedrigo RAZMIŠLJANJE /v/^KM/c r\ ia\/mcr/i 7A\/nnn nADi/ či/nriAKici/c iaa/ic Katja Fedrigo ThoUghtS of a lulcii lili lauucn ii chjuui uic ruum /-\yeniy ui jkuij dušiva jdiutr neyiuiidi rdi k Strokovno delo, monitoring, učna pot, nadzor in skrb za obiskovalce -trajnostni razvoj parka Škocjanske jame v 15. letih delovanja javnega zavoda 25 LET VPISA ŠKOCJANSKIH JAM V UNESCOVO DEDIŠČINO IN Dr. Gordana Beltram, direktorica JZ park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Dr. Gordana Beltram, managerofthe Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia V novembru 2011 mineva 25 let od vpisa območja Škocjanskih jam na seznam Konvencije o kulturni in naravni svetovni dediščini pri UNESCO. Od vpisa do razglasitve regijskega parka Škocjanske jame je minilo 10 let. Nato pa je bilo v 15. letih delovanja osebje Javnega zavoda Park Škocjanske jame tisto, ki je skupaj s svojim Svetom krojilo in usmerjalo razvoj in varstvo v zavarovanem območju parka Škocjanske jame. Uspešno delo štirih zaposlenih v prvem letu po ustanovitvi javnega zavoda do 22 in več zaposlenih sedaj se odraža v organiziranosti in urejenosti zavarovanega območja, v videzu in obnovi naselij ter infrastrukture v zavarovanem območju, v dobrem sodelovanju z domačim prebivalstvom in z lokalno skupnostjo. V petnajstih letih dobrega dela si je še vedno edino območje naravne svetovne dediščine v Sloveniji pridobilo zaupanje in pohvale mednarodne skupnosti in radi bi videli, da bi z novo obnovljenimi objekti postali še bolj prepoznavni ter postali center odličnosti za jugovzhodno Evropo. Znanje imamo, možnosti in priložnosti pa si moramo pridobiti in jih znati izkoristiti v svoj prid in za promocijo Parka. Vsebin nam ne zmanjka in pridnih rok tudi ne! Ko sem bila pred več kot štiridesetimi leti prvič v Škocjanskih jamah, to območje ni bilo pod Unescom, ni imelo zakonskega varstva, niti ne informacijskega centra, ni bilo dvigala iz Velike doline in še marsičesa ni bilo, kar nam danes popestri ogled. Takrat so me prevzele neizmerne globine ob spuščanju v kanjon in višine ob neskončnem napornem vzpenjanju po stopnicah iz Velike doline... Danes gledam na to z drugačnimi očmi, pa vendar mi je še vedno po vseh teh letih in po številnih obiskih jam vsak ogled, vsak spust in vzpon novo enkratno doživetje. Čeprav bogati z znanjem in s poznavanjem, v spremstvu strokovnih sodelavcev ali domačinov, mednarodno priznanih strokovnjakov ali politikov, mi Škocjanske jame vedno znova zbudijo spoštovanje in občudovanje narave ter njenih skrivnostnih neizmernih sil in razsežnosti, ki jih mali človek nikoli ne bo znal in zmogel krotiti. S Škocjanskimi jamami smo predstavili Kras sebi in svetu v tridimenzionalni podobi. Zasluge za to 15 LET PARKA ŠKOCJANSKE JAME Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Professional Work, Monitoring, Nature Trail, Control of and Čare for Visitors -Sustainable Development and the 15^ Anniversary of the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park 25 Years since Škocjanske Jame Were Inscribed into UNESCO World Heritage List and 15 Years of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park Gordana Beltram In November 2011, it has been 25 years since the area of Škocjanske Jame was inscribed into the UNESCO List of the Convention Concerning the Protection of VVorld Cultural and Natural Heritage. In 1996, it was follovved by the dec-laration of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park. In the follovving 15 years the Public Agency, Park Škocjanske Jame, Slovenija, and its Council designed and directed development and con-servation in the protected area. The successful vvork of ini-tially four employees in the first year of the establishment of the Public Agency eventually led to 22 and even more work-ers in the Park during summer. This is now well reflected in an excellent organization, in appearance of restored houses and infrastructure of villages vvithin the protected area as well as in good co-operation with local population and local community. Till now Škocjanske Jame is the only area in Slovenia inscribed into the natural vvorld heritage, and during the fifteen years of the protected area it increasingly gained confidence and recognition of the international community. Moreover, we would like to become even better recognized. This might be achieved by the recent restorations and we will also aim to become a Centre of excellence, an outstanding example in the South-East Europe. We have knowledge, but to obtain possibili-ties and opportunities we have to know how to best use ali our advantages in promoting the Park. There is stili enough work to be done for many diligent hands in the Park! Forty years ago when I visited Škocjanske Jame for the brst time the area was, of course, not yet inscribed at UNESCO, it did not have any legal protection, there was no Information centre, no elevator from Velika Dolina and it was lacking most of the other amenities vvhich today diversify the offer of the Park and options for tourist to choose. At that time, I was awestricken by the immense depth of the descent into the canyon and of the height that demanded a long and arduous climb by many steps from Velika Dolina back to the surface... Today I may have a different view of the underground canyon and dolinas, but nevertheless, after ali these years and numerous visits to the cave every descent and climb are stili a new and unique experi-ence. In spite of the in-depth knovvledge and recognition of this natural phenomenon, vvhenever accompanied by colleagues or local people, internationally renovvned experts or politicians, Škocjanske Jame stili inspire me with a very deep respect and admiration of nature, its mysterious forces and immense dimen-sions vvhich a diminutive human being never can and never will be able to tame. Škocjanske Jame represent the Kras region locally and to the vvorld in a three-dimensional image. Merit surely goes to the international recognition by inscription of Škocjanske Jame to the UNESCO List of VVorld Heritage, to the foundation of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park, to the employees in the Public Agency and to the local people, vvho introduced the area and its phenomena to the vvorld. This is the very region vvhich contribut-ed to the formation of the criteria for the inscription of karst and other subterranean hydrological systems into the List of Wet-lands of International Importance in 1999. Being included into the Biosphere Reserve Program me in 2004, additionally enlarged the sphere of sustainable development and education. In 2011, the Ramsar Convention on VVetlands and MAB Programme are celebrating forty years of raising avvareness and importance of nature as vvell as of the necessity to conserve and use the natural resources in a sustainable way. It provides also the key link for schools netvvork vvith the Park of Škocjanske Jame. The Park is successfully developing its contents for education: training and raising avvareness of the importance of nature and of the cultural heritage. The most obvious results of these efforts are shown every year by the activities of the schools netvvork and in general, by the increasing number of school children visiting the Park. In the last 12 years the Public Agency invested from its ovvn revenues more than 430,000 € into buildings, into better appearance s and infrastructure of the three villages. The Park also successfully attained European funds for the restoration of four buildings novv housing the offices of the Public Agen-cy and museum collections of ethnological heritage, history of cave exploration and natural Science heritage of the area. The last achievements co-financed by the European Structural Funds include restoration of the pathvvay in the cave belovv the village of Škocjan, vvhich vvas reopened in spring this year after being closed for 46 years, and the restoration of the homestead Pr' Nanetovih (Matavun No. 8) vvhich vvill be used as a promotion and congress centre and vvill therefore enrich the possible uses of the Park in the development of sustainable tourism. The buffer zone is defined by the law of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park. Even though this is not a protected area, it has an important role to play in its future developments. Therefore, the connection and cooperation both in the core area and so prav mednarodno priznanje z vpisom Škocjanskih jam v Seznam Unescove svetovne dediščine, ustanovitev Parka Škocjanske jame, zaposleni v javnem zavodu Park Škoqanke jame in domačini, ki so to območje in njen fenomen predstavili svetu. Prav to območje je pripomoglo k oblikovanju kriterijev za vpis kraških in drugih podzemeljskih hidroloških sistemov v Seznam mednarodno pomembnih mokrišč leta 1999. Vključitev območja v mrežo biosfernih rezervatov leta 2004 pa je še razširilo območje trajnostnega razvoja in izobraževanja. Ramsarska konvencija o mokriščih in MAB v letu 2011 obeležujeta 40 let zavedanja o pomenu narave in o nuji po njenem ohranjanju in o trajnostni rabi naravnih virov. Na to se navezuje tudi mreža šol parka Škoq'anske jame. Park se uspešno razvija tudi v svojih vsebinah za vzgojo, izobraževanje in ozaveščanje o pomenu naravne in kulturne dediščine in pri tem se najvidnejši dosežki kažejo vsako leto prav z aktivnostmi mreže šol. Vplivno območje je opredeljeno z zakonom o Parku Škoq’anske jame. Ni sicer zavarovano območje, vendar pomembno kroji njegovo prihodnost. Zato sta pomembna povezava in skupno delo tako v zavarovanem kot tudi v vplivnem in prehodnem območju parka. Povezava ponudbe zavarovanega in širšega območja je nujna pri oblikovanju blagovne znamke Parka, pri spremljanju stanja na tem območju, pri naravovarstvenem nadzoru, ozaveščanju in ohranjanju dediščine. In vse to so le nekatere dejavnosti, ki jih oblikujemo z lokalnim prebivalstvom in lokalnimi ponudniki. Javni zavod Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija je v zadnjih dvanajstih letih iz lastnih sredstev vložil več kot 430.000 € v stavbno dediščino, podobo vasi in v infrastrukturo treh naselij. Poleg tega je Park uspešno pridobival evropska sredstva za obnovo štirih objektov, ki služijo upravi javnega zavoda in predstavljanju muzejskih zbirk etnološke dediščine, zgodovinskega raziskovanja jam in naravoslovne dediščini tega območja. Najnovejši pridobitvi pa sta s sofinanciranjem evropskih strukturnih skladov obnovljena pot v jami pod Škoq"anom, ki je bila tako letos ponovno odprta po 46. letih, in obnovljena domačija Pr Nantovh (hiša Ma-tavun s hišno številko 8), ki bo služila kot promocijsko kongresni center in nudila dodatne možnosti ponudbe Parka Škoqanske jame. V letu 1990 so imele Škocjanske jame okrog 40.000 obiskovalcev letno. Sedaj že 100.000 ljudi vsako leto hoče doživeti ta čudež narave. Naravovarstveni nadzorniki in vodniki so ključni za to, kako obiskovalci doživljajo vse vrednote parka, domačini pa jim ponujajo tudi prenočišča in domače dobrote. Skrbeti moramo, da se bodo na tem čudežu narave učili in ga znali ohranjati tudi naši otroci, vnuki in vsi prihodnji rodovi. Dobili smo ga samo »na posodo«, zato moramo zanj dobro skrbeti. Pogled s Štefanijinega razgledišča na vas Škocjan Fotografija: Borut Lozej View from the Stephanie view-point tovvards the Škocjan Village. Photo by Borut Lozej Škocjanski jamski sistem je narava ustvarjala milijone let. Z njim se danes ponašamo in na njem gradimo prihodnost njegovega širšega območja. Z njimi se ponašamo v različnih mednarodnih krogih, saj je tudi pomemben del evropske mreže varstva narave kot območje Nature 2000. S spoznavanjem njegovih procesov in pojavov jih mladi vedno bolj razumejo in cenijo. Za njegovo prihodnost pa moramo skrbeti danes tako v zavarovanem kot v vplivnem območju parka. Z petletnim programom varstva in razvoja hočemo dosegati zastavljene cilje za uravnotežen in trajnosten razvoj vsega porečja reke Reke. Zavedamo se, da je samo ena neumnost, samo en nepremišljen poseg dovolj, da čez noč lahko izgubimo vrednoto, ki jo je prepoznal in sprejel ves svet in katero smo mi - upravljavci, lokalni prebivalci in obiskovalci - dolžni obvarovati pred nepremišljenimi dejanji posameznikov. Dr. Gordana Beltram, direktorica Javnega zavoda Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija in the buffer zone are important. To connect the protected and its larger area, it is urgent to form the Park trade mark; this will also provide possibilities for monitoring the activities, for nature protection, education and for the heritage conservation. And these are only some of the activities performed by local inhabit-ants and locally based providers. In the 1990s, about 40.000 tourists visited Škocjanske Jame annually. Now, there are about 100.000 visitors per year ad-miring the natural phenomena of the area. Rangers and tourist guides h a ve the greatest influence on how the visitors experi-ence and perceive ali the beauties of the Park. Additionally, local people offer them authentic lodging and home produced gas-tronomic delicacies together with various other items. We m ust ensure that our children, grand children and ali future genera-tions vvill be able to continue to conserve, admire and learn from this natural phenomenon. We borrovved it from our children and therefore we must take good čare of it. Nature was creating Škocjanske Jame cave system for mil-lions of years. Today, we are proud of it and with this natural marvel we help to build a sustainable future of the vvider re-gion. We boast about it in various international circles and we try to present it as an important part of the European nature protection, of the Natura 2000 regional netvvork. By recognizing its processes and phenomena young people can easier understand and better value nature. But we must take čare for its future, not only in the protected area, but also in the buffer zone and its vvider region. By a five-year pro-gramme of protection and development we vvant to achieve the defined goals, and thus implement vvell-balanced and sustainable development options in the entire Reka River ba-sin. We are vvell avvare that one vvrong step, one ill-conceived intervention is enough to lose instantly the entire value of the park. The value vvhich was recognized and accepted by the vvhole vvorld and therefore, - managers, local people and visitors - are obliged to protect it against ali potentially negative impacts of individuals. Dr. Gordana Beltram, manager of the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia B Škocjanske jame Ob 25-letnici vpisa Parka Škocjanske jame na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine PARK ŠKOCJANSKE JAME - POMEMBEN DEJAVNIK OHRANJANJA NARAVE IN SPODBUJANJA RAZVOJA Suzana Zupanc Hrastar Park Škocjanske jame je relativno mlad park, kije bil ustanovljen na Unescovo pobudo z namenom, da se parku podeljeni status svetovne dediščine ustrezno varuje in sicer z zakonodajo na državnem nivoju. Tako je bil deset let po vpisu v Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine leta 1996 razglašen regijski park Škocjanske jame. Park in z njim javni zavod, ki ga upravlja, je uspešno prebrodil začetna leta in do sedaj prešel v resno organizacijo s kar 22 redno zaposlenimi. Kot takjetako na področju javne službe za ohranjanje narave kot tudi na področju spodbujanja razvoja pomemben dejavnik v tem območju. V 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja je vodstvo takratne Jugoslavije podalo zahtevo, naj vsaka izmed republik in pokrajin pripravi predlog za vpis v seznam svetovne dediščine. V Sloveniji so bile v igri tri lokacije in sicer Notranjski trikotnik s Postojnsko jamo, Planinskim in Cerkniškim poljem, reka Soča kot alpska reka in Škocjanske jame. Po tehtanju strokovnih argumentov se je izkristaliziral predlog in pred 25. leti so bile v Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine vpisane Škocjanske jame kot največji in najbolj znan naravni pojav pokrajine »klasični Kras« ali Tržaški Kras, po kateri je nastal mednarodni strokovno vsesplošno priznani termin »kras«. Naj se dotaknem tistih že omenjenih začetnih let parka! Prebivalci znotraj območja parka so se ga v teh letih že kar navadili. Mislim, da bi danes brez parka težko živeli prebivalci, ki s parkom sodelujejo na takšen ali drugačen način, ki so v upravi parka zaposleni ali imajo od parka posredne koristi, kot so oddajanje sob, gostin- | stvo ali občasna prodaja domačih proizvodov. Seveda so pa tudi lokalni prebivalci, ki jih motijo stalni obiskovalci parka, ki si radi pogledajo tudi lepote kraškega površja in včasih, največkrat nehote, zaidejo na kakšno domače dvorišče, pa ves hrup ob množičnih prireditvah in še bi se dalo naštevati, pa bi po njihovih besedah lepše živeli brez parka. In s tem nenehnim usklajevanem interesov prebivalcev se soočajo vsakokratno vodstvo I in zaposleni v parku. Le v strpnem odnosu vseh vplete- I nih bodo prebivalci lahko izkoristili razvojne priložno- I sti, obiskovalci pa se bodo v njem dobro počutili in ga radi obiskovali. Sedaj se park sooča tudi z grožnjo, ki jo predstavljajo spremembe v tradicionalni rabi, problematično je tako opuščanje kot intenziviranje rabe. V obeh primerih lahko intenzivna dejavnost ali pa nedejavnost vplivata na zmanjšanje biotske raznovrstnosti ali na spremem- The 25t*’’ Anniversary ofthe Inscription of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park into the UNESCO List ofVVorld Heritage The Škocjanske Jame Regional Park - An Important Stimulating Factor of Nature Conservation and Development Suzana Zupanc Hrastar The Škocjanske Jame Park is a relatively young park estab-lished by the UNESCO initiative aimed to a suitable protec-tion that is provided by its status of a vvorld heritage, accord-ing to the laws at the country level. Thus, ten years after the inscription into the UNESCO List of World Heritage, in 1996 the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park vvas proclaimed. The Park itself and the corresponding Public Agency, that is manag-ing the Park, successfully wade through the initial years of uncertainty and is now an organisation to reckon with, com-prising 22 regularly employed persons. As such it plays an important role in the field of nature conservation as well as in the field of sustainable development stimulation in the area. In the 1980s the government of the former Vugoslavia demanded that every republic and autonomous unit prepares a proposition for a region to be inscribed into the list of the vvorld heritage. In Slovenia there vvere three possible locations: the triangle of Notranjska vvith Postojnska Jama, Planinsko and Cerkniško Polje, the Soča river as an example of an Alpine river and Škocjanske Jame. After considering the professional argu-ments the decision vvas made and 25 years ago Škocjanske Jame vvere inscribed into the UNESCO World Heritage as the largest and the most vvell-knovvn natural phenomenon of the Classical Karst (also knovvn as Trieste Karst), the area from vvhere the inter-nationally scientifically recognised term »karst« is derived. Let me vvrite about the already mentioned first years of the Park! During ali the years of the existence of the Park the inhabitants inside it are getting used to it. I think that today it vvould be quite hard for people to live vvithout the Park, of course, especially for those vvho co-operate vvith the Park in one or the other vvay, that are either employees of the Park or have indirect benefits from the Park (e.g. room renting, inn-keeping or peri- O v be naravnih vrednot, ki so v primeru Škocjanskih jam predvsem geomorfološke oblike. In tako se zopet nahajamo pred razpotjem, ali izbrati rabo ali jo opustiti, vendar je prava pot nekje na sredi. Raba naj bo trajnostno naravnana ob upoštevanju vseh varstvenih ciljev, ki jih zasleduje regijski park Škocjanske jame. Dotaknimo še enega zelo pomembnega vzvoda pri pozitivnem sprejemanju parka! Kot ugotavlja ena izmed analiz, ki jih je bilo v zadnjem času s temo o učinkovitem upravljanju zavarovanih območij kar nekaj, zavarovana območja še niso v polni meri gonilna sila pri zagotavljanju trajnostnega razvoja in s tem povezanih socio-ekonomskih koristi. Prepričana sem, da je za to potrebnih še kar nekaj let, pa bo tudi Park Škoqanske jame opravil zrelostni izpit ter prevzel eno izmed vodilnih vlog v razvoju svojega območja. Vendar pustimo ga, da zadiha s polnimi pljuči, da konča velike zgodbe, ki se tičejo obnove dotrajane infrastrukture! Uspešen razvoj ob sočasnem spoštovanju narave pa lahko temelji le na dobrih temeljih zaupanja med prebivalci, ki živijo v parku, in med zaposlenimi v parku, ki s svojo propulzivno vlogo lahko veliko prispevajo in pomagajo pri uresničevanju novih idej, ki se v končni fazi odrazijo kot socialne oziroma ekonomske koristi tega območja. Zavest, da ohranjena narava lahko prinese primerjalno prednost pred drugimi območji, bi morala biti pred očmi slehernemu uporabniku tega prostora. Javni zavod, ki upravlja z regijskim parkom Škocjanske jame, izstopa med ostalimi javnimi zavodi s tega področja po razmeroma visokih lastnih prihodkih iz naslova obiska Škocjanskih jam. Vendar se tudi tukaj poraja vprašanje, kako naprej, kakšna je nosilna zmogljivost jam po številu obiskovalcev, da s tem ne bi ogrozili osnovnega poslanstva parka, to je ohranjanje narave. Seveda je z vidika javnih financ spodbudno, da park sam pridobiva dvakratno količino sredstev, kot jih prejema od države. Treba pa se je zavedati, da vse las--tne prihodke in tudi nemalo prihodkov, ki jih pridobi iz mednarodnih projektov, park porabi za vzdrževanje jamske infrastrukture, ki je ni malo, za investicije v obnovo stavb, namenjenih promociji samega parka ali varstvu narave ter kulturne dediščine in - ne nazadnje - za dodatne zaposlitve vodnikov v višku sezone. Država je v teh letih veliko finančnih sredstev namenila tudi za ponovno vzpostavitev nekoč že obstoječih poti skozi Mariničevo in Mohorčičevo jamo, vse tri vasi v območju parka pa so dobile delno tudi s finančno spodbudo, ki jim jo je omogočil upravljavec parka, lepšo podobo. Naj sklenem s stavkom moje hčerke, ki je bila pred leti ob obisku jame stara pet let: »To pa je nekaj najlepšega, kar sem videla v svojem življenju«. Jaz lahko le dodam: »Naj tako tudi ostane!«. Mag. Suzana Zupanc Hrastar - predsednica Sveta JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor Veliko število obiskovalcev v Parku Škocjanske jame je nenehno predmet usklajevanj med vodstvom parka in . lokalnim prebivalstvom.- Fotografija: Borut Lozej. A large numberofvisitors in the Škocjanske Jame Park demands a perpetual co-ordination betvveen the Park management and local people. Photo by: Borut Lozej Rji! 1 Up 'Jm S*i B V fli r^L* § , JM 3 Javni zavod Park Škocjanske jame veliko sredstev, tako iz svojih prihodkov kot mednarodnih projektov, porabi za obnovo jamske infrastrukture. Fotografija: Borut Lozej. The Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Parkspends a lotoffinances, both ofits own revenue and obtained by the International projects, for cave infrastructure restoration. Photo by: Borut Lozej odical selling of home products). For certain, there are also some local people who are often annoyed by the large number of visi-tors of the Park especially as sometimes it can happen, that those visiting the beauties of the karst surface, wander, mostly uninten-tionally, onto a private courtyard. Another objection of some in-habitants is against the noise that is often emanating from pubiic events. Maybe there are also some other reasons, occasionally expressed by the local inhabitants, according to which their lives might have been better vvithout the park. This need for perpetual coordination of the interests of ali the inhabitants remains an ev-erlasting challenge of the Park management and ali ofits collabo-rators. Only a tolerant relation of ali involved parties, including, of course, the inhabitants, could offer an opportunity to exploit the development possibilities well and at the same time offer the visitors a feel of vvelcome in the Park and would also entice them to revisit it in the future. Nowadays the Park faces a serious threat connected with changes in the traditional use of land. In this relation espe-cially problematic issues are both, abandoning of the agricultural use on one hand and its severe intensification on the other. In both cases the intensive activity or complete lack of it could have a negative impact via lowering the biotic diversity. Additionally, such cases could change natural values vvhich are, in the čase of Škocjanske Jame, mostly of the geomorphological character. Thus, we are undecided again, vvhich to select - use or aban-don. However, as usually, the right solution lies somewhere in-between. The use should be in any čase sustainable and should consider ali the protection measures that are basic goals of the Regional Škocjanske Jame Park. Let us mention another very important initiative that may help at receiving a positive reception when visiting the Park! Many analyses aimed at finding an efficient management of protected areas have been executed in the last time. Some of them clearly find out that protected areas are not yet the necessary driving forces that can provide the sustainable development and offer joint socio-economic advantages. I am sure that we stili need some years more that will suffice so that also the Škocjanske Jame Park will achieve a proper maturity and will be able to take over one of the leading roles in the development ofits region. But, for novv it is necessary to focus on the ending of those tasks that are of paramount importance, such as restoring the worn out infrastructure. Successful development together with respect of the nature must be founded on a confidence among people living in the Park and those employed in the Park. The propulsive role of the latter can contribute immensely and can help to realize nevv ideas vvhich are later reflected in the final phases of the projects providing social and economic advantages to the area. The everlasting conscience that the conserved nature gives a comparative advantage against other (degraded) regions has to be clear to every user of this plače. The Public Agency managing the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park is something special among other pubiic agencies from this field. It is distinguished especially by having relatively high own revenues from the visitors of the cave. Nevertheless, here to o the question arises hovv to continue vvith our activities in future; especially to determine vvhat is the critical number of the visitors above vvhich the cave can be seriously threatened. Addi-tionally, it is necessary to identify the basic mission of the nature conservation and to ensure a continued preservation of ali key el-ements of the heritage. From the point of vievv of pubiic finances it is encouraging that the Park itself earns an amount that is dou-ble of the finances that it gets from the country. But vve must be constantly avvare that ali ovvn revenues and also a great majority of those obtained from the International projects are used for the sole purpose of maintenance of the cave infrastructure. This is a huge amount that is needed for the indispensable investments into the restoration of buildings and also aimed to the promotion of the Park as well as tovvards protecting natural and cultural heritage. Last, but not least, some finances are necessary to ensure seasonal employment of cave guides during the peak season. In the past years the State provided a lot of financial means for the restoration of dilapidated walkways leading through Mahničeva and Mahorčičeva Jama. Additionally, ali the three villages vvithin the Park nowadays look much nicer, also at least partly due to the financial initiative of the Park management. Let me conclude by a sentence of my daughter vvho vvas five years old vvhen she visited the cave: »This is something the most beautiful that I have seen in my life«. I can only add: »Let it remain!« Mag. Suzana Zupanc Hrastar, the President of the Council of the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Wood Buffalo (Gozdni bizon) narodni park v Kanadi ima zanimive kraške pojave, a si jih ogleda le peščica turistov letno. Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada has some interesting karstphenomena but they are visited Bžt&l on'y bya few tourists annual'y- Photo by Krištof Kranjc mmmmimmmmam : Četrt stoletja mineva, kar so bile Škocjanske jame vpisane v Unescov Seznam svetovne naravne dediščine. Takrat je bilo še malo objektov naravne dediščine na tem seznamu, krasa in jam pa sploh. V teh petindvajsetih letih je nastalo kar nekaj sprememb v jamah, od novega Hankejevega, danes Cerkvenikov most imenovanega, do takorekoč čiste Reke. A tudi pogledi na svetovno dediščino so se spremenili. Morda so največje spremembe vpeljava kategorije »mešana« dediščina, to pomeni objekt, ki je tako z naravnega kot kulturnega vidika svetovno pomemben. Sem sodi tudi »kulturna krajina« in »serijski vpis«. Lep primer »serijskega vpisa« je Južnokitajski kras, vpisan na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine leta 2007, ki ga sestavljajo tri enote: lunanski Shilin (Kamniti gozd), stožčasti kras pokrajine Libo in kras v okrožju VVulong z največjimi udornicami na svetu. Ti trije elementi vpisa so v provincah Vunnan, Guizhou in Guangxi, s tem da je razdalja med najbolj oddaljenima deloma skoraj 1000 km. Morda bo na ta način uspel vpis Dinarskega krasa in bodo Škocjanske jame skrajni zahodni del te verige. Sedaj je na Unescovem seznamu 936 objektov svetovne dediščine, od tega 725 kulturnih, 183 naravnih in 28 mešanih. Ko so bile leta 1986 Škocjanske jame vpisane na ta seznam, je bilo objektov naravne dediščine veliko manj, še manj pa je bilo med njimi krasa in jam. Leta 1978 je bil vpisan Nahanni narodni park (kanadski Severozahodni teritoriji), leta 1979 so bila vpisana nanj Plitvička jezera, leta 1981 Mammoth Cave narodni park (Kentucky) in leta 1985 jama Altamira (Španija), vendar ne kot naravna dediščina, pač pa kot kulturna dediščina. Poleg tega je bil kras še v sklopu nekaterih drugih vpisanih objektov dediščine: doline Vezere v Franciji (leta 1979), VVood Buffalo narodni park (Severozahodni teritoriji in Alberta, leta 1983) in kanadsko Skalno gorovje (leta 1984). Od naravne dediščine torej nenavadne kraške oblike v apnencih in sadri daleč na severu, jezera, nastala zaradi odlaganja lehnjaka, in najdaljša jama na svetu. Škocjanske jame so sledile kot jame z udornicami, s podzemeljskimi slapovi in z eno izmed največjih podzemeljskih dvoran, ležeče v pokrajini Kras, ene med svetovno znanimi po proučevanju kraških pojavov. Po petindvajsetih letih je stanje precej drugačno. Med 183 objekti naravne dediščine jih je kakšnih 40 takih, ki vsebujejo kras oziroma jame, odvisno tudi od osebnega pogleda. Po letu 1986 sta bili poimensko Any Visitor Should Be Glad to Get the Possibility to See the World's Heritage Škocjanske Jame and UNESCO World Heritage in the Past and Now Andrej Kranjc A quarter of a century ago the caves called Škocjanske Jame were inscribed on the UNESCO List of the VVorld Natural Heritage (WNH). At that time there were j ust a few objects on the List, especially there was an explicit Iack of karst features in general or caves in particular. During these 25 years many important changes have happened in Škocjanske Jame: from the new Hanke, today called Cerkvenik Bridge, to the great improvement of the quality of the water of the Reka River. The attitude tovvards the WH changed too. Maybe the most important change is the introduction of the "mix category", representing objects vvhich are important for the World both, from the cultural and from the natural point of view. Among novel types of WH are also "cultural landscapes” and an additional possibiIity of a "serial inscription". Good ex-ample of the latter is the South China Karst, inscribed on the list in 2007. It consists of three units: Lunan Shilin (Lunan Stone Forest), cone karst of Libo country, and the karst of VVulong district, vvhere the World’s largest collapse dolines are situated. These three parts of the South China Karst are located in the provinces of Vunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. The largest distance among them is nearly 1 000 km. Serial inscription might also be the oniy solution to include on the list the best examples of the Dinaric Karst, vvhere Škocjanske Jame vvould be the north-vvesternmost link of the chain. As of now (june 2011) there are 936 objects inscribed on the UNESCO list of WH, among them 725 cultural, 183 natural, and 28 mixed examples. In 1986 when Škocjanske Jame were inscribed, the number of NH objects was much smaller and there were almost no examples of karst features or caves. In 1978 Na-hanni National Park (Canadian Northwest Territories) was inscribed, 1979 Plitvice Lakes (Croatia), 1981 Mammoth Cave National Park (Kentucky), and in 1985 Altamira Cave (Spain), the last one as a cultural and not as a natural heritage. The karst was part of some other WH objects: the Vezere Valley (France) 1979, Wood Buffalo National Park (Canadian Northvvest Territories and Alberta) 1983, and Canadian Rockies (Alberta and British Columbia) 1984. Regarding karst, the objects inscribed on the List before Škocjanske Jame include unusual morphological features of lime-stone and gypsum in the far North, carbonate travertine lakes, and the World’s longest cave. Škocjanske Jame naturally followed as an example of a system of big caves and collapse dolines with an underground river possessing one of the largest underground chambers in the VVorld. Important was also their position on the plateau Kras, VVorld famous for the karst research. 25 years later the situation is much changed. Among 183 objects of NH there are about 40 where karst and caves are present, according to my personal reckoning. After 1986 only two caves were inscribed as a cave object: Carlsbad Caverns (New Mexico) with the surrounding terrain vvhere many more caves occur, well-known Lechuguilla among them in 1995, and a vvater cave Puerto-Princesa (Philippines) in 1999. In 1987 the site of the fossil man at Zhoukoudian (China) was included on the List, and the cave Atapuerca (Spain) in 2000. The latter two are inscribed as cultural monuments due to the human fossils. On the List there are national parks and more extensive areas vvhere caves are the main characteristic. Such are Aggtelek-Slovakian karst (more than 700 caves, including important shovv and ice caves), Gulung Mulu National Park on Borneo vvith the largest knovvn underground chamber, and Phonh-Nha - Ke Bang National Park of Vietnam. The last important karst area inscribed vvas South China Karst vvhich includes many large caves, an important shovv cave of Wulong among them. On the List there are some areas because of their surface karst phenomena, for exam-ple mega karren "tsingy" of Madagascar or limestone pillars out at sea in the Ha Long Bay (Vietnam). Plitvice Lakes are nowadays no more "unique" (this is one of the criteria for the inscription) on the VVorlds scale: similar are also valleys of Huanglong and Jiuzhaigou (China) vvith carbonate travertine dams, and Pamuk-kale (Turkey), albeit the last one vvith a slightly different nature of carbonate deposition. Quite a lot of NH monuments include elements of karst but it is diffkult to say hovv decisive this vvas for the inscription and vvhat is their importance vvithin the monu-ment. In a short description of Rocky Mountains caves are men-tioned, hovvever in the čase of VVestern Caucasus they are men-tioned only in the detailed description. Among characteristics of the Three Parallel Rivers protected zone in Vunnan, neither karst nor caves are mentioned. Hovvever, fevv years ago the members of the Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU (Postojna) explored an interesting spring cave Shuilian in one of the gorges being part of this NH area. VVhile thinking about cultural monuments like Hallsttat-Dachstein cultural landscape in Austria, the tovvns of Budapest (Hungary), Amalfi coast (ltaly) or Acropolis in Athens (Greece), one immediately remembers high mountain karst of Dachstein, hydrothermal caves of Buda Hill, limestone cliffs and abris-sous-roches of the Mediterranean area, albeit there are no traces of karst or caves in the descriptions of these monuments. Looking 25 years back vvhen Škocjanske Jame were inscribed on the List of WNH due to their sinking river, underground gorge, large chambers and deep collapse dolines, they vvere unique. Taking the UNESCO criteria strictly, they are not any more. On the List there are caves vvith underground rivers in the Gunung Mulu, visitors are taken by boats through the caves at Puerto-Princesa and Phong Nha. On Borneo Island the Saravvak Chamber is the VVorlds largest, at least according to the sources published so far. Extremely large and deep collapse dolines, so called "tiankengs", vvere the reason for the inscription of VVulong karst. The biggest among these are at least tvvo times deeper than vpisani na Unescov seznam le dve jami zaradi naravnih pojavov: leta 1995 Carlsbad Caverns (poleg samega jamskega sistema s tem imenom je na zavarovanem območju še več jam, med drugimi tudi znamenita Lechu-guilla) ter leta 1999 vodna jama Puerto-Princesa. Leta 1987 je bilo vpisano jamsko najdišče pekinškega človeka Zhoukoudian, leta 2000 pa je bila vpisana jama Atapu-erca. Obe zaradi fosilnih ostankov človeka kot kulturna spomenika. Pač pa je več narodnih parkov in večjih ozemelj, katerih značilnost so prav jame. Tak je agtele-ško-slovaški kras (z več kot 700 jamami, med njimi tudi znane turistične aragonitne in ledene), Gunung Mulu narodni park na Borneu, kjer je jama z največjo znano podzemeljsko dvorano na svetu, ter Phong Nha - Ke Bang narodni park v Vietnamu. Kot zadnje večje kraško območje je bil vpisan Južnokitajski kras, ki vključuje vrsto velikih jam, tudi pomembno turistično na območju VVulonga. Nekaj območij je vpisanih zaradi kraških površinskih posebnosti, kot so velikanske škraplje - tsingy na Madagaskarju - ali apnenčasti stolpi, štrleči iz morja v zalivu Ha Long. Tudi Plitvička jezera niso več »edinstvena« (to je eden izmed kriterijev za vpis) na svetu: taki sta dolini z lehnjakovimi pragovi in jezeri Huan-glong in Jiuzhaigou na Kitajskem in Pamukkale v Turčiji, z malce drugačnim načinom izločanja kalcita. Marsikateri vpisani spomenik ali ozemlje vsebuje elemente krasa, vendar je težko ugotoviti, koliko so ti vplivali na sam vpis in kakšen pomen imajo v okviru take svetovne dediščine. V kratkem opisu kanadskega Skalnega gorovja so omenjene jame, v Zahodnem Kavkazu pa šele v podrobnejšem opisu. Pri značilnostih 1.700 knm velikega zaščitenega ozemlja Treh vzporednih rek v Yunnanu niso omenjeni ne kras in ne jame, a so člani postojnskega Inštituta za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU pred nekaj leti v eni izmed treh sotesk raziskovali izvirno jamo Shuilian. Pri kulturnih spomenikih, kot so hallstattsko--dachsteinska kulturna krajina, mesto Budimpešta ali Amalfi z okolico, se spomnimo na visokogorski kras Dachsteina, na jame v griču Buda in na apnenčasto obalo z velikimi spodmoli - a v opisih kras in jame niso niti omenjeni. Če se ozremo nazaj na Škocjanske jame, ki so bile pred petindvajsetimi leti edinstvene v svetovni dediščini zaradi reke ponikalnice, podzemeljske soteske in ogromne dvorane ter globokih udornic, se izkaže, da v marsikaterem pogledu niso več niti edine niti edinstvene. V parku Gunung Mulu so jame s podzemeljskimi rekami, po jamah Puerto-Princesa in Phong Nha se obiskovalci vozijo s čolni. Na Borneu je tudi jama, v kateri je po navedbah v literaturi največja podzemeljska dvorana Sarawak. Kras v okrožju VVulong so vpisali na Unescov seznam zaradi velikih udornic, tiankengov; največje so od Velike doline vsaj dvakrat globlje in morda desetkrat večje po prostornini. O kapnikih je bolje sploh ne govoriti... Ali bomo sčasoma pričeli ugotavljati, do so Škoq'an-ske jame, ki so bile pred petindvajsetiomi leti ene izmed zgolj nekaj »pravih« jam na seznamu svetovne naravne dediščine, pač le ene izmed mnogih jam na Unescovem seznamu, ki po ničemer ne izstopajo? Ne, do tega ne bi smelo priti. Večurna hoja po rovih Mammoth Cave ne more odtehtati nekajminutnega postanka na Cerkvenikovem mostu in vtisa, ki ga naredi pogled na deročo Reko, ki izginja v Hankejev kanal. Pomemben je vtis, ki ga naredi obisk na človeka, to pa je močno odvisno od ureditve jame, od razsvetljave, sploh od infrastrukture. Drugo je zgodovina. Ne Schmidi in Hanke, ampak zgodovina v »naravi«, videti v jami, kako je človek osvajal to podzemlje, kako je klesal stopnje, zabijal kline po navpičnih stenah visoko nad vodo, kako je postavil in prečkal vrtoglavo Mačje brvi, kako je premagal Šesti slap... Kot ene izmed prvih jam, vpisanih v Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine, bi morale biti Škoqanske jame vzor drugim - tako glede infrastrukture kot tudi varovanja, ohranjanja in izobraževanja. V zvezi s tem se lahko postavi vprašanje omejitve števila obiskovalcev in uvedba »alternativnih« obiskov. V parku Gulung Mulu je mogoče obiskati vrsto jam ali sicer za običajne turiste njihovih nedostopnih delov, vendar brez izjeme le z ustrezno usposobljenim vodnikom, uslužbencem parka. Možen je tudi »ogled« največje podzemeljske dvorane - do začetka dvorane, od koder obiskovalec lahko občuduje »nepredirno temo največje podzemeljske dvorane«, vanjo pa ne more. Zdajšnjih 100.000 obiskovalcev letno v Škocjanskih jamah ne kaže, da bi bistveno vplivali na jame. Morda pa vplivajo na park kot celoto. Če bi ugotovili, da je potrebno obisk omejiti, bi bilo najbrž treba omejiti obisk oziroma tudi vstop v park, ne le v jame. To ni nobena redkost v svetu: da ne bi bilo preveč pritiska na okolje, na infrastrukturo in na lokalno prebivalstvo, je obisk na Kursko koso (Litva) omejen na 2.000 ljudi dnevno. Obiskovalci bi se morali zavedati, da so Škocjanske jame nekaj posebnega in po Unescovi definiciji nekaj edinstvenega na svetu in da je torej tudi obisk nekaj posebnega in da so njihovi obiskovalci imeli neko prednost, ker so lahko obiskali te jame. Pri tem naj ne bi šlo za diskriminacijo, ampak naj bi šlo za to, da mora obiskovalec vložiti določen trud, določena sredstva, da lahko vidi to svetovno posebnost... Naj se vrnem na že omenjeni park Nahanni! Kdor ga hoče videti, se mora potruditi in 50 km prehoditi, preveslati s kanujem ali pa drago plačati letalo oziroma helikopter. Za obisk Medvedje jame na Poljskem se je treba prijaviti mesece vnaprej. A če se takrat, ko je obiskovalec na vrsti, bistveno spremenijo nekatere okoliščine v jami, npr. povečana količina C02 v jamski atmosferi, je obisk ustavljen. Obiskovalec bi se moral zavedati, da ni on tisti, zaradi katerega so jame, vsa infrastruktura in osebje parka, in da ima že s tem, da je plačal vstopnino, vse pravice. Pač pa bi se moral zavedati, da so prve in najpomembnejše jame, Škocjanske jame, in bi moral biti vesel, da mu je bil omogočen njihov ogled. Akad. dr. Andrej Kranjc - glavni tajnik Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Ljubljana Velika Dolina at Škocjanske Jame and h a ve ten times greater vol-ume. It is better not to vvrite about speleothems. Can it happen that Škocjanske Jame, vvhich vvere one of the few "real" caves on the List, will be soon j ust one of the caves on the List, without anything exceptional to show? No, this cannot and should not happen. Hours of walk-ing through Mammoth Ca ve passages cannot match the few minutes of the stay on the Cerkvenik Bridge spanning 45 m high above the Reka River noisily rushing belovv at the botrom of the 100 m deep gorge of the Hanke Channel. The impression is the most important and everlasting, hovvever it largely depends on the appropriate infrastructure, on the illumination, on the display on general, etc. The second point can be the history. Not Schmidi or Hanke as historical personalities but the history encountered "in i/ivo": the possibility to experience in the cave itself howa man of the past conquered the underground space, how he carved steps in the limestone walls, how he hammered iron pitons high above the river, how he constructed vertiginous Cat's Footbridge under the ceiling of the 100-metres-high gorge, how he succeed-ed to pass the Sixth Waterfall... Škocjanske jame as one of the brst caves on the WNH List h a ve to provide an example, an example regarding the excellence of its infrastructure and its display facili-ties as well as regarding the highest achievable levels of protec-tion, safeguarding, presentation, and education. Therefore the question related to the approach of limiting the number of visi-tors or, possibly organization of alternative types of visits, could be very sensible and taken into a serious consideration. In Gulung Mulu it is possible to visit the "wild" caves or parts of the show caves otherwise closed for general tourist, hovvever the number of participants in a group is strictly limited and under continuous supervision of an adequately instructed guide - the Park ra n ge r. It is possible to visit Saravvak Chamber to o, but only to the be-ginning of the room, where a visitor may admire the greatest chamber in the World - in fact, in total darkness only - but, one is not allovved to enter! At Škocjanske Jame the actual number of visitors, 100 000 per year, does not shovv any great impact on the caves, yet, with a serious exception of the "Lampenflora" in the narrow entrance part. Maybe the impact on the Park as a vvhole is more important. If it would be established that the number of visitors has to be limited, it could mean that the visits should be limited to the Park as a whole, not to the caves only. This vvould be nothing exceptional: the visit to Kuršiq Nerios National Park (Curonian Spit, Lithuania) is limited to 2 000 persons per day, yet there is no appreciable detrimental impact on the environment, on the infrastructure and on the local inhabitants. Visitors should keep in mind that Škocjanske Jame are something exceptional and according to the UNESCO definition something unique and that it is a kind of great privilege to see them. It is not discrimination, but the visitor has to in vest some effort, time, and money to see this exceptional čase of World's heritage. To go back to the Nahanni National Park: to visit it, it is necessary to walk or to paddle through the wilderness for 50 km or to pay for a very expensive helicopter ride. In Poland, to visit jaški n ia Niedžwiedzia (Bear Cave near Kletno) one has to book a ticket months in advance. But it may happen, that when you come to the cave entrance and, if some environmental param-eters h a ve changed too much (quantity of C02 in the cave atmo-sphere, for example) the visit is not possible. Obisk doline Jiuzhaigou (Sečuan) z lehnjakovimi slapovi ni omejen in letno jo obišče več kot milijon ljudi Fotografija: Andrej Kranjc. The visit to Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China, and its travertine dams is not limited and more than a mili ion people visit the site every year. Photo by Andrej Kranjc Naglitj kopa - Kurska kosa (Kuršiq Nerijos narodni park) v Litvi je pokrajina, ki ne prenese množičnega obiska, zato je ta omejen z dnevno kvoto ali številom. Fotografija: Krištof Kranjc. Kuršig Nerios National Park, Curonian Spit, Lithuania, is a landscape that does not support a mass visit explaining why it is limited by a daily quota or by an absolute number. Photo by Krištof Kranjc A visitor m ust be avvare that the caves, infrastructure and Parks personnel do not exist because of him and that by pay-ing the entrance fees a visitor has not bought ali the rights. First and the most important is the preservation of the caves, Škocjanske jame, and he or she should be glad to h a ve the op-portunity to visit them. Academician Dr. Andrej Kranjc, Secretary General of the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana Pomembno sporočilo ob 25. obletnici vpisa Škocjanskih jam na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine UNESCO - ZAGOVORNIK SVETOVNE DEDIŠČINE Marjutka Hafner Kadar govorimo o Unescu, velikokrat navajamo citat iz Unescove ustave: Ker vojne nastajajo v glavah ljudi, je tam treba graditi tudi obrambo miru. Drug pomemben citat je trditev, ki je na nek način botrovala nastanku organizacije, in sicer, da je mir preveč pomembna stvar, da bi jo prepustili samo politiki in politikom. Oboje je bilo izrečeno takoj po prvi svetovni vojni, a morda to danes drži še bolj, kot je držalo takrat, hkrati pa velja tudi za vsa druga področja, ne le za zagotavljanje miru. Zagotovo je prepoznavanje in varovanje svetovne kulturne dediščine in naravnih vrednot ena izmed tistih domen Unescovega delovanja, v katerih lahko obe trditvi uporabimo - oboje je preveč pomembno, da bi bilo prepuščeno zgolj trenutnim političnim interesom, hkrati pa šele z zavedanjem in osveščanjem o širšem pomenu dediščine omogočimo tiste bistvene premike »v glavah ljudi«, ki bodo skrb zanjo naredili za nekaj samoumevnega. Unescova vloga kot zagovornika svetovne dediščine je večplastna. Najprej je tu spodbujanje narodov in držav, da sami na svojem ozemlju ugotovijo, kako so posamezni elementi njihove lastne kulturne in naravne dediščine pomembni, dragoceni in vredni, da se jih ohrani in obrani. Ta proces je dostikrat - po krivici - zanemarjen, čeprav po mojem osebnem mnenju predstavlja najdragocenejši in najpomembnejši del Unescovih politik pri uresničevanju Konvencije o svetovni dediščini. Zakaj? Zato, ker od nas zahteva, da najprej sami prepoznamo in popišemo svoje kulturno in naravno bogastvo, ga ovrednotimo in ga primerno formalno zavarujemo. To pomeni, da se morata na tej točki poenotiti stroka in politika na ravni države ali lokalnih skupnosti in sprejeti skupne odločitve in obveznosti. Seznam svetovne dediščine ima drugačno dimenzijo: na eni strani je to priznanje posebnega pomena v svetovnem merilu, na drugi strani pa je to tudi pripravljenost in zaveza države, da posamezno enoto posebej skrbno varuje, saj je z uvrstitvijo na Seznam svetovne dediščine postala dediščina, lahko bi celo rekli skupna last vsega človeštva. Oboje ima seveda pomembno vlogo pri izobraževanju in osveščanju ljudi o pomenu kulturne dediščine in naravnih vrednost. Prepogosto se, posebej v majhnih državah, kjer je prostor omejen, srečujemo s sicer povsem normalnimi zahtevami za pozidave, ceste, industrijske in druge obrate, vendar na območjih, kjer bi bilo bolje ohraniti nedotaknjeno naravo ali pa kakšno zanimivo zgradbo, ki priča o naši zgodovini. Dostikrat bi tem zahtevam lahko celo ugodili - na kakšni drugi lokaciji, z drugačnim načrtom ali z drugimi materiali. Tudi stroški bi bili relativno majhni, če jih primerjamo z nepovratnim uničenjem mokrišča, bivalnega prostora določene vrste bitja ali pa stavbne dediščine. Vendar to zahteva od vseh udeležencev spoštovanje dediščine in zavedanje o njeni enkratnosti in neponovljivosti, pa tudi o možnostih, ki jih za gospodarski razvoj danes ponuja; saj dediščina ni dodatni strošek, ampak je dodana vrednost nekega območja. V maju letos smo skupaj s hrvaško nacionalno komisijo za Unesco in s Centrom za svetovno dediščino v obeh državah organizirali Prvi forum mladih jugovzhodne Evrope za svetovno dediščino, na katerem so mladi udeleženci iz jugovzhodne Evrope, ki so se jim pridružili tudi vrstniki iz Združenih arabskih emiratov, Cipra in Švice, razpravljali o svojem odnosu do dediščine in o njeni vlogi v oblikovanju skupne prihodnosti. Rdeča nit vseh predstavitev sta bila ponos in ljubezen do lastne dediščine in, zanimivo, njena turistična privlačnost. Hkrati pa so v razpravi opozorili tudi na to, da se dediščino obravnava vse preveč birokratsko in neživljenjsko in da je treba razvijati programe, ki bi mladim omogočili dediščino spoznavati in razumevati. Samo na ta način - tako mladi udeleženci - bodo današnji mladostniki lahko zrasli v pametne odločevalce v prihodnosti. To je pomembno sporočilo za vse nas v letu, ko praznujemo 25. obletnico vpisa Škocjanskih jam na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine, in ko so bila kolišča na Barju, v skupni nominaciji prazgodovinskih kolišč okoli Alp, skupaj z Italijo, Švico, Nemčijo, Avstrijo in Francijo, vpisana na ta prestižni seznam. Ob teh svetovno prepoznavnih krajih naj nastanejo središča, ki bodo lahko posredovala ta pomembna sporočila in prispevala k izobraževanju vseh nas za varuhe naše dediščine! Park Škocjanske jame je zgleden primer takšnega delovanja, saj je del svetovne dediščine, hkrati pa tudi biosferno območje v Unescovi mreži Man and Biosphere (Človek in biosfera) ter svetovno pomembno mokrišče, vpisano na seznam Ramsarske konvencije. Marjutka Hafner, politologinja, direktorica Urada za UNESCO, generalna sekretarka Slovenske nacionalne komisije za Unesco Ljubljana -m/ mmm ■■»iVf »M * rJTfc/m 4 Putikova dvorana. The Putick Chamber i ; '|!i j| k.t »L » lili || 1 An Important Message at the 251-*1 Anniversary of Škocjanske Jame Inscription into the UNESCO List of World Heritage UNESCO - An Advocate of World Heritage Marjutka Hafner When we speak about UNESCO we often cite one of the sen-tences from the UNESCO constitution: »That, since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of the peace must be constructed«. The second important quotation is often the claim (that is in a way respon-sible for the start of the organization), namely, that peace is too important to be left to politics and politicians only. Both sentences were expressed immediately after the First World War, but maybe they are even more true today as they were then. At the same time they are true for ali the other spheres of humankind, not only for peace-keeping. Certainly, the recognition and safeguarding of the vvorld cultural heritage and its natural values is one of those UNESCO domains where both quotations can be used - both are too important to be left to current political interests only. Though, only constant recognition and relentless raise the avvareness of a general importance of the heritage will enable the essential moves in the minds of men, moves that are neces-sary to transform the occasional čare of the heritage into a self-evident continuous task. UNESCOs role as being an advocate of the vvorld heritage is multilayered. At brst level it provides a stimulus for na-tions and countries that they should identify in their own re-gions which important, precious and valuable single elements of their ovvn cultural and natural heritage they are harbouring. Additionally, they have to realize that these valuable elements had to be conserved and protected properly. This process is often - wrongly - neglected although it presents, according to my ovvn opinion, the most precious and the most important part of the UNESCO politics connected to the realization of the VVorld Heritage Convention. Why? Because it forces us to recognize and describe our ovvn cultural and natural riches, that we alone eval-uate them and protect them suitably in a formal way. It means that at this point the profession and politics must be regularized at the level of the country or at the level of local communities and that they must accept common decisions and take čare of the common responsibilities. The list of the vvorld heritage has a different dimension: on one hand this is the acknovvledgment of a special meaning on the global scale and on the other hand this is also a State obligation and bond that a single unit is especially carefully safe-guarded and that it deserves to be listed in the World Heritage. By virtue of this it became a puhlic heritage property belonging to ali humankind. Both have surely an important role at education and raising the public avvareness about the importance of cultural heritage and natural values. Too often, especially in small countries, vvhere the space is limited, vve meet vvith entirely under-standable demands for construction, for nevv roads, industrial and other objects exactly in those areas vvhere an untouched nature could be preserved or vvhere an interesting historic build-ing could better testify about the history and should therefore rather be preserved than replaced by modern development. Many times such demands could be granted - though, on some other location, vvith a different plan or using different materials. The costs vvould be lovver compared to, for example, irreversibly destroying a natural heritage site, for example a vvetland vvhich is a habitat of a particularly vulnerable species or forever losing an architectural heritage čase. But to prevent such a damage, the adequate actions require from ali the participants the respect for heritage and a recognition of its uniqueness. Additionally, knovvledge that it offers something special and irreplaceable for actual economic development is also of importance: the heritage is not an additional cost, in fact it is an added value of a cer-tain area. In May 2011 vve organized together vvith the Croatian National Commission of UNESCO and vvith the Centre for the VVorld Heritage in both countries the First Youth Forum of the South-Eastern Europe for vvorld heritage, vvhere young participants of south-eastern European countries together vvith the young participants from United Arab Emirates, Cyprus and Svvitzerland discussed their attitudes tovvards the heritage and about its role in re-shaping the common future. The foundation of ali the contributions turned out to be an immense pride and love for their ovvn heritage, and, interestingly, its touristic attrac-tiveness vvas pointed out as vvell. But they vvarned that the heritage is often treated in an overly bureaucratic and anachronistic vvay; that one should develop programmes that vvill adequately ensure that young people vvill be able to recognize the values of the heritage and understand its meaning to the society as a vvhole. This is the only way - according to the young participants - that the actual youth can develop into vvise decision-makers of the future. This is a very important message for ali of us and vve vvish that it is stressed during the celebration of the 25t^’ an-niversary of Škocjanske Jame inscription into UNESCO List of World Heritage and vvhen the prehistoric pile dvvellings on Barje in common nomination vvith pile dvvellings around the Alps together vvith ltaly, Svvitzerland, Germany, Austria and France are inscribed to this prestige list. At these globally renovvned places should develop centres and they vvill mediate the important messages and contribute to education of ali of us as curators of our heritage! The Škocjanske Jame Park is an exemplary čase of such activity as the Park is a part of vvorld heritage and at the same time the biosphere region in the UNESCO's netvvork Man and Biosphere and vvetland important on the global scale and inscribed into the Ramsar Convention. Marjutka Hafner, Politologist, Director of the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO Ljubljana Hifeu V Hans Krafft, naravovarstveni nadzornik in hidrolog v nemškem Nacionalnem parku Berchtesgaden Hans Krafft Nature protection inspector and hydrologist in the National Park Berchtesgaden, Germany ZGODBA O SLOVENSKI POKRAJINI IN NJENIH PREBIVALCIH Čezmejno sodelovanje Hans Krafft Vse se je začelo z vodo in s krasom, ki ju sicer najdemo marsikje na planetu, v alpskem loku pa sta bila podlaga za nastanek edinstvene mreže zaščitenih območij. Ta mreža je prvi temeljni kamen dolgoročnega sodelovanja, drugi pa je bavarsko-slovenska delovna skupina pri bavarskem državnem uradu Republike Nemčije. Slednja je bistvenega pomena za sodelovanje na področju raziskav in kulturnih izmenjav, ki imajo dolgoletno tradicijo. Vse to ne bi bilo mogoče brez zadostnih finančnih sredstev in časa, za kar sta v Nemčiji poskrbela bavarski državni urad in Nacionalni park Berchtesgaden (Nazionalpark Berchtesgaden). Seveda ne smemo pozabiti na najpomembnejši dejavnik. Kaj bi organizacije, mreže in ministrstva brez svojih ljudi? V Sloveniji je bil pri vzpostavljanju tega sodelovanja najpomembnejši gospod Albin Debevec, prvi direktor Javnega zavoda Park Škocjanske jame. Spoznala sva se konec prejšnjega tisočletja na nekem srečanju v Franciji in lahko zatrdim, da brez njega sodelovanje ne bi doseglo današnje ravni. Omeniti velja tudi druge delavce Parka Škocjanske jame, še posebej gospoda Boruta Perica. Brez njihovega prispevka namreč ne bi mogli izvesti veliko skupnih del. Sporazum o sodelovanju med parkoma Škocjanske jame in Berchtesgaden je bil podpisan 20.8.2003. V njem so opredeljene številne skupne dejavnosti, na primer delo v jamah, hidrološke raziskave in izmenjava študentov. Na njegovi podlagi smo vsako leto organizirali izmenjavo za delo v jamah. Naravovarstveniki iz Berchtesgadna so pomagali pri obnavljanju starih poti v Škoqanskih jamah, njihovi kolegi iz Škocjana pa so pomagali pri delih v jami Salzgrabenhohle v Berchte-sgadnu. Zelo pomembno področje sodelovanja je voda. Tako smo leta 2006 Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa v Postojni, Regijski park Škoq"anske jame, Nacionalni park Berchtesgaden in Univerza v Trstu skupaj izvedli sledilni poskus na podzemnem toku Reke. Z njim smo potrdili domneve o poteku podzemnega toka in opredelili čas, ki ga Reka potrebuje za pot od Škoqana do izvirov na drugi strani Krasa. V poskus je bilo vključenih tudi osem študentov iz Berchtesgadna, ki so zelo dobro opravili svoje delo. Pripravljali smo se tudi na večji sledilni poskus na Snežniku, vendar na razpisu nismo dobili sredstev in projekt še čaka na izvedbo. Izmenjava mladih z Bavarske in iz Slovenije je bila odlična priložnost za spoznavanje obeh kultur in za Z i- v tkanje trajnih prijateljskih vezi. Mladi iz Berchtesgadna so tako pobliže spoznali Park Škocjanske jame in Triglavski narodni park. Izredno zanimiv je bil tudi dogodek na kulturnem področju. Učenci glasbenih šol iz Ilirske Bistrice in Sežane so nas obiskali v kraju Bad Reichen-hall ter srečanje sklenili s skupnim glasbenim večerom. Sodelovanje na področju hidroloških raziskav je bilo obogateno z enotedenskimi študentskimi ekskurzijami z Bavarske in s Primorske. Študentje so na izmenjavah merili pretoke na več kraških vodotokih in izvirih, na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov je nastala tudi diplomska naloga. Ob tej priložnosti bi rad sporočil, kar mi že dolgo leži na srcu. Lepo je spremljati uspešen razvoj območja, ki je bilo še pred petnajstimi leti manj turistično in infrastrukturno razvito ter na katerem domačini niso imeli veliko možnosti za zaslužek. Ta zgled navdušuje veliko Bavarcev. Na koncu še poudarjam, da je za uspešno čezmejno sodelovanje zaslužnih še veliko posameznikov, ki jih tu sicer nisem posebej omenjal, a jim vseeno izrekam iskreno zahvalo! Hans Krafft - naravovarstveni nadzornik in hidrolog v Nacionalnem parku Berchtesgaden, Nemčija Cross-border Co-operation A Story of the Slovenian Landscape and its Inhabitants Hans Krafft Everything started with water and karst; although they are found elsevvhere on the planet in the Alpine arch they have enabled a creation of a unique netvvork of protected areas. This network is the first foundation of a long-term coopera-tion, the second one being a Bavarian-Slovenian vvorking group at the Bavarian State Office of Germany. The second foundation is essential for a fruitful co-operation in the sphere of research and cultural exchange having a tradition lasting many years. Of course, ali these could not be possible without a sufficient financial support and time generously provided by the Bavarian State Office and Berchtesgaden National Park in Germany. But we must not forget the most important factor. What are organizations, netvvorks and ministries without their skilful people? In Slovenia the most important person responsible for setting up this co-operation was undoubtedly Mr. Albin Debevec, the first director of the Škocjanske Jame Park. We met for the first time at the end of the last millennium at a meeting in France and I can assure that the co-operation could have never reached the actual level vvithout his strong support. I also have to men-tion other workers of the Škocjanske Jame Park, in particular Mr. Borut Peric. VVithout the contributions of ali of them many com-mon projects vvould never be possible. The agreement of co-operation between the Škocjanske Jame Park and Berchtesgaden National Park vvas signed on Au-gust 20, 2003. It defines numerous common activities, such as work in the caves, hydrological research and študent exchange. Every year we organized on this base the exchange for work in the caves. Experts of nature protection from Berchtesgaden helped to restore the old walkways in Škocjanske Jame and their colleagues from Škocjan helped at vvork in Salzgrabenhohle cave in Berchtesgaden. A very important sphere of co-operation is on the issue of water. Thus, in 2006 together with the Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU, Postojna, Regional Park Škocjanske Jame, National Park Berchtesgaden and University of Trieste, we have under-taken a vvater tracing test in the underground course of the Reka River. The results supported our presumptions about its underground course and clarified the time needed for the waters of the Reka River to flovv from Škocjan to the karst springs on the other side of the Kras plateau. Eight students from Berchtesgaden have been participating at this vvater tracing test and they have done their vvork very well. Additionally, everything vvas also prepared to organize an important vvater tracing test at Snežnik mountains but unfortunately it vvas not possible to obtain the required financial backing from a tender and consequently the project is stili vvaiting to be realized. The exchange of youth from Bavaria and Slovenia of-fered an excellent opportunity to meet both cultures and to cre-ate many permanent ties among the new friends. Voung people from Berchtesgaden were introduced to Škocjanske Jame Park and novv know more details also about the Triglav National Park. As a result of the nevv ties, an extremely interesting event hap-pened in the cultural sphere. The pupils from Ilirska Bistrica and Sežana mušic schools vvere able to visit us in Bad Reichenhall and the meeting vvas closed by a common musical evening. Co-operation related to the hydrological research vvas additionally enriched by one-vveek študent excursions vvith par-ticipants from Bavaria and Primorska region of Slovenia. The students gauged the discharges on several karst streams and springs and on the base of the interesting results obtained even a Diploma vvork vvas successfully produced. At this occasion I vvould like to additionally vvrite something that I have already vvished to express many times in the past. It is really pleasant to see such a successful develop-ment of an area vvhich just 15 years ago vvas far less developed, at least from a tourist and infrastructure point of vievv, and vvhere local people did not have many and diverse opportunities for earnings. This example enthrals many Bavarians. At the end, let me emphasize that for this successful čase of a trans-border co-operation many other persons deserve the credits, even though I could not mention them ali by their names, I express the most sincere thanks to ali of them! Hans Krafft, Nature Protection Inspector and Hydrologist in the National Park Berchtesgaden, Germany Slovenci smo lahko upravičeno ponosni na svoje naravne vrednote! ARAVOVARSTVENIKI V PARKU ŠKOCJANSKE JAME Tomaž Zorman Naravna dediščina predstavlja skupek vrednot in dobrin, ki jih človek lahko razume, osvoji in upošteva. Gre za vezi med človekom in vse bolj odtujeno naravo, v kateri človek živi. Gre torej za vez med preteklostjo, sedanjostjo in prihodnostjo obstoja človeštva! Zal je bil v zadnjih stoletjih storjen velik greh naravi, ki se je takrat še ni delilo na dediščino in ostalo naravo. V mislih imam najpreprostejše in univerzalno spoznanje in posledično življenje ameriških Indijancev, ki so v vsakem dejanju videli posledico in v vsakem delu narave videli samega sebe. Delitev na kakršnokoli dediščino zanje ne bi bila (in tudi ni) logična. Naravna dediščina je sad kulturnega zorenja (odtujevanja od narave) človeštva, ki na določeni stopnji razvoja spozna svoje zablode in začne ceniti svoje korenine v naravi. V naši tako imenovani civilizacijski družbi se trudimo prodreti v delitev dediščine na enote, podenote in dele podenot. Vse to kaže na klic žejnega v puščavi, na brezizhodnost položaja in na nerazumevanje bistva, ki je v kompleksnosti in skupni povezanosti vseh stvari na Zemlji. Zadnje čase smo zato uzakonili naravne vrednote, ki naj bi imele nekaj skupnega s tako imenovanimi človeškimi vrednotami, ki pa jih še vedno narobe interpretiramo. Povezanosti se izdvojeno enostavno ne da razložiti. Je pa to morda korak zavedanja, ki naj bi vodil do rešitve človeštva pred samouničenjem. Kvaliteta bivanja (v čistem okolju, blizu naravi, proč od hrupa in emisij škodljivih snovi) postaja vse pomembnejša komponenta in ponekod že prestiž. Hkrati pa je edini porok za preživetje. Naravovarstvena nadzorna služba je organizirana na podlagi 155. in 156. člena Zakona o varstvu narave (Uradni list RS št. 96/2004 ZON - UPB2), ki določata, da neposredni nadzor v naravi z vsemi določenimi pooblastili opravljajo naravovarstveni nadzorniki določenega upravljalca zavarovanega območja, med katere se šteje tudi javni zavod Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija tako po 167. členu tega zakona. Hkrati pa je tudi v 27. členu Zakona o regijskem parku Skoq'anske jame (Uradni list RS št. 57/1996 ZRPSJ) določeno, da uresničevanje prepovedi po tem zakonu neposredno nadzoruje nadzorna služba, organizirana v javnem zavodu, katerega nadzorne dejavnosti so določene tudi v 17. členu. V javnem zavodu Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija je nadzorna služba organizirana tako, da so zaposleni v parku poklicni nadzorniki, ki imajo tudi vsa pooblastila in so prisotni večinoma na območju parka. Delovanje naravovarstvene nadzorne službe ima pred- vsem vzgojno, izobraževalno in preventivno vlogo. Usmerjeno je predvsem v vodenje in opozarjanje obiskovalcev na njihov pravilen odnos do naravnih vrednot in kulturne dediščine s posebnim poudarkom na vrednotah parka in Krasa. Naravovarstveni nadzornik je oblečen v uniformo, ki je opremljena z vsemi predpisanimi označbami. Poleg tega je vsak nadzornik dolžan izkazati svojo istovetnost s službeno značko in z legitimacijo. Seveda pa je po zakonu tudi kršitelj obvezen posredovati nadzorniku svoje osebne in druge podatke, ki so potrebni za legitimiranje in izvedbo prekrškovnega postopka. Zaradi povečanega pritiska na park v zadnjih letih je poleg opozarjanja tudi izrekanje glob za prekrške eden izmed ukrepov varstva narave in okolja. Poleg poklicnih nadzornikov pa imamo še veliko posameznikov, ki delujejo kot prostovoljni naravovarstveni nadzorniki. Ti nimajo pristojnosti kaznovanja, lahko pa kršitelje pravnih aktov legitimirajo in prijavljajo ustreznim inštitucijam. Prostovoljni nadzorniki so korak naprej pri boljši organizaciji in tako imenovani pokritosti prostora. V vrstah prostovoljcev združujemo predvsem tiste ljudi, ki so vsak dan v naravi, živijo v parku, v njegovi bližnji okolici ali v vplivnem območju parka ter imajo že izoblikovan čut za varstvo narave. To so ljudje, ki jim nadzor ni obremenitev, temveč jim je dodatna potrditev skupne ideje o ohranjanju in varovanju naravne in kulturne dediščine ter narave nasploh. Še več! Povezujemo se v mrežo nadzornikov Slovenije ter sodelujemo z zamejci v Italiji (Glinščica, Doberdob-sko in Prelosno jezero), saj je naš cilj ohranitev Krasa kot celote. Naravovarstveniki veliko svojega dela posvetijo čiščenju starih grehov, ki so jih v naravi pustili naši predniki v obliki smeti in kosovnih odpadkov ter vsakoletnih akcijah čiščenja obrežij Reke. Zelo uspešno pa skupaj nastopamo kot glasna manjšina predvsem na področju varstva voda, planiranja v prostoru, v primernih razvojnih konceptih na Krasu in v Brkinih, kvalitete povodja Reke in drugo. Hkrati pa nam nov zagon za naše delo dajejo novi posegi v prostor na Krasu, ki po našem mnenju niso najbolj premišljeni ter ne prispevajo k trajnostnemu razvoju in h kakovostnemu življenju. Pri tovrstnemu opozarjanju se nam je pridružila strokovna in laična javnost, pri čemer je treba posebej omeniti Svet za kulturo in identiteto prostora Slovenije na SAZU, Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU, Geološki zavod, Civilni iniciativi Kras in Brkini, revija Kras, fakultete, gimnazije in osnovne šole, novinarje ter druge. Uniforme naravovarstvenih nadzornikov Parka Škocjanske jame.- Fotografija: Samo Šturm. The uniforms ofthe rangers ofthe Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park. Photo by: Samo Šturm We, the Slovenians Must be Deservedly Proud of Our Natural Values! Nature Protection Experts in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park Tomaž Zorman Natural heritage presents an aggregate of values and goods that humanity should understand, comprehend and respect. These represent bonds betvveen an alienated man and the nature vvhere this very man lives. This is a bond between the past, present and future existence of humankind! Unfortunately during the past centuries a great dam-age was done to the nature, of which no part was, until recently, awarded a heritage status and thus offered at least a kind of protection. H ere I think about the most simple and universal recog-nition of natural values and consecutively ofthe life of American Indians who found in every act a consequence and in each part of nature they saw themselves. Awarding a different sorts of protection level to certain natural areas and declaring some parts of nature as a heritage would not be (and is not) logical to them. Natural heritage ca n arise only as a result of cultural maturity of humankind (alienation from nature) as only at a certain stage of development people ca n recognize their delusion and only then can start to appreciate their roots in nature. In our so-called ci-vilised society we try to divide nature into various heritage units, sub-units and parts of sub-units. This is ali j ust a manifestation of the cry of a thirsty man in a desert, a completely hopeless situation that clearly underlines a lack of understanding the es-sential principles of nature, namely that its main principle lies in its complexity and that only common ties can guarantee a cohesion of everything existing on the Earth. In the recent time we use to dehne natural values by laws hinting to a presump-tion that natural values possess something in common with the so-called human values; regardless of this, however, we stili interpret them wrongly. The natural cohesion cannot be ever ad-equately explained by a simple act of separation and division. But maybe the avvareness of these facts can represent the first step tovvards a true recognition that is the only possibil-ity to s a ve the humankind against the threat of self-annihilation. The adequate quality of living (i.e. in a clean environment, close to nature, far from noise and emissions of harmful substances) becomes a more and more important component, a desire to be followed if possible and sometimes even displays a component of prestige. At the same time, however, this is the only guarantee of survival. JA Obrtna cona v Divači: Ali ohranjena narava res nima vrednosti in prihodnosti?.- Fotografija: Tomaž Zorman. Industrial zone at Divača: Is it true that the conserved nature has no value and future? Photo by: Tomaž Zorman Med dela naravovarstvene službe spadajo tudi naravovarstveni monitoring (ptiči, netopirji, tujerodne vrste, lampenflora), razna vzdrževalna dela (učna pot, obnavljanje starih plezalnih poti...), spremljanje stanja naravnih vrednot, pisanje mnenj za posege v prostor, izobraževanje in osveščanje, nadzor, spremljanje in sodelovanje pri snemanjih, ... Že več let historično obnavljamo pot v Hankejev kanal s pomočjo bavarskih kolegov iz Berchtestgadna. Pri delih so nam večkrat pomagali tudi drugi jamarji iz okoliških jamarskih društev. V Parku Škocjanske jame že vrsto let prirejamo tečaje za sodelavce parka, honorarne vodnike in študente. Pomen parka, ki je vpisan v Unescovi kategoriji Svetovna dediščina ter Človek in biosfera, hkrati pa je tudi Ram-sarsko območje, je namreč zelo velik, zato želimo, da naši sodelavci poznajo vsaj osnove varstva narave in okolja ter posebnosti parka in začutijo, da brez varstva, tudi trajnostnega razvoja ne more biti. In izzivi za prihodnost? Kraško naravno okolje je zelo ranljivo in njegova nosilnost oziroma zmogljivost ni neomejena. Turistične dejavnosti s spremljajočimi panogami bi zato morali uvajati in z njimi upravljati skrajno previdno. Največji problem naravovarstva pa je tudi v tem, da se ga ne vidi. Uspeh v naravovarstvu se zdi morda neviden, kar pomeni ohranjenost narave take, kot je bila, in če imamo uspeh, pravzaprav take, kot je. Naravo varstvo ni zidanje luksuznih hiš in mostov, ki se potegujejo za nagrade. Ali pač? Naravovarstveni uspeh je »zidanje« mostov med naravo in človekom in spoznanje, da je narava naša «hiša« zdravja, obilja, sreče in preživetja. Današnji trendi in razumevanje varstva narave so usmerjeni v čim pristnejši odnos do narave, z minimalnimi posegi, če so ti sploh potrebni. Na primeru Škocjanskih jam ta trditev popolnoma drži. Toliko bolj pa veljajo previdnostni ukrepi tudi na vplivnem območju parka. Naravovarstven pristop v parku torej temelji na ohranjanju naravne in kulturne dediščine in na zagotavljanju varovalne, biotske, estetske ter kulturne komponente krajine in prostora. Ta pa hkrati vključuje tako površje kot podzemlje in ga predstavljamo kot nedeljivo celoto. Zatorej smo lahko Slovenci upravičeno ponosni na svoje naravne vrednote, ki smo jih skozi zgodovino in razvoj uspeli ohraniti. Vrednote so seveda tudi odraz visoke kulture naroda. Od nas samih je odvisno, ali jih bomo uspeli ohraniti tudi našim zanamcem in svetovni javnosti, ali pa bomo zapadli v globalno krizo vrednot in šli po poti v samouničenje. Tomaž Zorman, univ. dipl. inž. gozdarstva -vodja Naravovarstvene nadzorne službe, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Nature supervision Service is organized on the base of the Law of Nature Protection (Official Gazette RS 96/2004 ZON - UPB2), articles 155 and 156, providing that the direct control of nature, backed by ali legal authorization, has to be carried out by adequate nature protection inspectors belonging to a par-ticular manager of the protected area. Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia, is according to the 167 article of the above-mentioned Law responsible for the execution of these activities in the protected area under its control. The Law on Regional Park Škocjanske Jame (Official Gazette RS 57/1996 ZRPSJ), article 27, determines that the realization of prohibition according to this law is directly controlled by the supervision Service, organized as a part of the public agency; its authorization is determined by the article 17. In the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia, the supervision Service is organized in such a way that ali the em-ployees of the Park are simultaneously also professional rangers with a complete authorization to act within the Park area which is also the area vvhere they are mostly present. The activity of the nature protection supervision Service is mostly aimed to educa-tion, teaching and prevention. In general it is oriented towards the guidance and warning the visitors as well as reminding them to have the correct attitude and to show the appropriate respect to the natural values and cultural heritage. Additionally, a special emphasis is given to the specific karst values of the Park. Nature protection ranger can be recognized by vvearing an official uniform equipped with ali the legally demanded signs. Every ranger has to be able to prove his identity via an official badge and a corresponding identity card. On the other hand, also the offender is obliged to present the ranger his personal and other required data, necessary for identification and execu-tion of the offence procedure. Due to the augmented pressure on the Park in the last years we shall in the future not only warn the offenders, but we have to start with an active policy of fines extraction from the offenders. It is obvious that this is one of the necessary measures of nature and environment protection. Beside professional rangers we also have many volun-tary supervisors. They are not authorized to extract fines, but they can identify the offenders of legal acts and report them to the corresponding institutions. Volunteer rangers are a step forward towards improving the organization and at the same time increase the so-called coverage of the area. Volunteers are represented mostly by people who either live in the Park or its vicinity (or in its buffer zone) or people, albeit daily living out-side the park, possessing strong ties with it. Of course, it is of utmost importance that the voluntary supervisors possess a fine-tuned feeling for nature protection and of course that they have, at least basic, knovvledge of the legal issues. These people, of course, never take their task of control as a burden, but as an additional affirmation of common ideas on conservation and protection of natural and cultural heritage and nature in general. Even more! We are establishing rangers netvvork across Slovenia and we are actively co-operating with rangers in ltaly (Glinščica, Doberdob, Prelosno Jezero); obviously our goal is the conservation of Kras as an integral unity. Rangers dedicate a lot of their time to carefully cor-recting the old mistakes done by our ancestors that have left dire consequences in nature. Such are rubbish and large vvaste deposits; as a result every year they clean the Reka River banks. Very successfully we together act as a vocal minority, especially in the fields of water protection, space planning, defending de-velopment concepts that are suitable for Kras and Brkini regions, and monitoring the quality of the Reka drainage area as vvell as other activities. At the same time new interventions in Kras pro-vide us vvith new challenges. These are, according to our opin- l ion, often not thought-out appropriately and generally do not contribute to a sustainable development and to the increase in the quality of life. When expressing this vvarning we are joined by professional and general public; I must specially mention the Council for Culture and ldentity of Space in Slovenia at SAZU, Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU, Geological Survey, Civil Iniciative Kras and Brkini, the Journal Kras, faculties, secondary and elementary schools, journalists and many others. And what are challenges in the future? Karst natural environment is very vulnerable and its ca- I pacity to sustain our pressures on it is not unlimited. Therefore, tourist activities and other accompanying branches have to be introduced and managed very carefully. The biggest problem of nature protection lies in the fact that one cannot see it. Many successes in the nature protection may often seem to be invisible: vvhenever we are successful the nature remains in a good-condition, in a condition it had previously, and in a condition it has now. Nature protection is not about building luxury houses and bridges aiming to receive an award. Or maybe yes? Success in nature protection is »building« the bridges betvveen nature and humankind. Additionally it is the recognition that nature is our »house«, providing us with health, prosperity, happiness and ultimately offering a survival. The actual trends and understanding of nature protection are di-rected to a pristine relation with nature, a relation that includes a minimal number of interventions, if any at ali. In the čase of Škocjanske Jame this affirmation is entirely true. But careful measures must be considered in the Park's buffer zone. Nature protection approach in the Park is based on the conservation of natural and cultural heritage and on providing safe-guarding of biotic, aesthetic and cultural components of the landscape and space in general. This includes both surface and underground areas which are presented as an indivisible en-tirety. Therefore, we Slovenian people can be rightly proud of our natural values that we succeeded to preserve during the his-tory and concomitant development. Its future entirely depends on ourselves. We can either succeed to preserve the natural values to posterity and for the global public, or we shall fell into a global crisis of values and consequently follovv the road of self-destruction. Tomaž Zorman, Univ. Dipl. Eng. Forestry - the Head of Nature Protection Supervision Service, the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia Ohranjanje narave je zavodova absolutna prednostna naloga, zato so načrtovanje ter opravljanje raziskovalnih in razvojnih nalog bistvenega pomena za upravljanje tako ranljivega območja, kot so Škocjanske jame z okolico. Območje parka je mednarodnega pomena. V skladu z dolgoročno vizijo zavarovanega območja naj bi park v prihodnosti predstavljal vzorčni primer varovanja in upravljanja območja kot svetovne naravne dediščine, podzemnega mokrišča po mednarodnih konvencijah in naravnega spomenika po državni zakonodaji. Narava v parku naj bi bila dobro ohranjena, mestoma prepuščena izključno naravnim procesom (brez človeških posegov!), biotska raznovrstnost naj bi ostala na visoki ravni. Reka, ki ponika v Škocjanske jame, naj bi bila v 1.-2. kakovostnem razredu, da bo čista voda nudila življenjski prostor številnim živalskim vrstam tako v njenem površinskem kot tudi podzemnem toku. Za zagotavljanje tega so nujne raziskave in spremljanje stanja žive in nežive narave na območju parka, kar je v skladu z načrti upravljanja zavarovanih območji in s številnimi mednarodnimi konvencijami ter predpisi, ki smo jih dolžni izvajati (Konvencija o biološki raznovrstnosti, Direktiva o habitatih, Direktiva o pticah, itn). Območje Regijskega parka Škocjanske jame (RPŠJ) v celoti prekrivata dve območji Natura 2000, in sicer: posebno območje varstva (SPA) Kras, ki je določeno v skladu z Direktivo o pticah, in posebno ohranitveno območje. Kras je tretje največje Posebno območje varstva za varovanje ogroženih vrst ptic v Sloveniji. V Parku Škocjanske jame so bile po zadnjih podatkih evidentirane naslednje ornitološko pomembne vrste ptic: velika uharica, orel kačar, vrtni strnad, podhujka, hribski škrjanec, sokol selec, pisana penica, smrdokavra, vodomec, veliki skovik in slavec. Posebej pomembne med njimi so vrste, ki so bile ugotovljene kot gnezdilke, in sicer: velika uharica, podhujka, sokol selec, veliki skovik in slavec. Vrste so vezane na habitatne tipe skalnih sten, pobočij, jamskih vhodov, gozdov in kulturne krajine. »Natura 2000 je evropsko omrežje posebnih varstvenih območij, razglašenih v državah Evropske unije z osnovnim ciljem ohraniti biotsko raznovrstnost za bodoče rodove. Posebna varstvena območja so torej namenjena ohranjanju živalskih in rastlinskih vrst ter habitatov, ki so redki ali na evropski ravni ogroženi zaradi dejavnosti človeka.« Habitatni tipi iz Habitatne direktive v zavarovanem območju PŠJ so (1) jame, ki niso odprte za javnost; (2) karbonatna skalna pobočja z vegetacijo skalnih razpok; (3) srednjeevropska karbonatna melišča v submontanskem in montanskem pasu; (4) vzhodna submediteranska suha travišča in (5) sestoji navadnega brina. Vrste iz direktive o habitatih in ptičje direktive, ki so vezane na te habitatne tipe, so: netopirji, drobno-vratnik, človeška ribica, travniški postavnež; ptice velika uharica, orel kačar, podhujka, hribski škrjanec, sokol selec, pisana penica, smrdokavra in veliki skovik. Slovenski kras se v svetovnem merilu ponaša s pestrostjo podzemskega živalstva, med katerimi izstopajo številne endemične vrste. V omrežju Natura 2000 v okviru habitatnega tipa (HT) 8310 jame smo dolžni ohranjati pestro jamsko živalstvo, še posebej pa vrste iz habitatne direktive Natura 2000. Lahko poudarimo, da je ohranjanje in varovanje življenjskih prostorov in celotnih ekosistemov najpomembnejše pri varstvu posameznih vrst. Za vrste, ki so prioritetne tudi v okviru evropskih direktiv, je treba pridobivati podatke o trenutnem stanju populacij in spremljati trende, kot so velikost in gostota populacije, habitat, ki ga zasedajo, in ohranitveno stanje vrst. Researches in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park Conservation of Living Diversity in the Park Samo Šturm The Parks absolutely main priority is nature conservation; this explains why the planning and research work are essen-tial tasks for the management of such a vulnerable area as Škocjanske Jame and its vicinity are. The area of the Park has an international importance. According to a long-term Vision of the protected area the Park should in the future represent an excellent example of the pro-tection and management of the area as a vvorld natural heritage, as an underground vvetland in accord to the international con-ventions as well as a natural monument according to the State law. The nature in the Park should be vvell preserved and in some parts left untouched, managed exclusively by natural process-es (without any human interference!), therefore biotic diver-sity should remain at a high level. The Reka River, sinking into Škocjanske Jame, should be in the first to second quality class; only such a clean water can offer an appropriate living space to numerous animal species both in its superficial and its underground course. To make it certain, research and monitoring of the live and inanimate nature within the Park are urgent and they must adequately correlate with plans how to manage the protected areas and with many international conventions and regulations that must be implemented (Convention on Biological Diversity, The Habitats Directive, The Birds Directive etc.). The area of the Regional Park Škocjanske Jame (RPŠJ) entirely incorporates two areas of Natura 2000; these are: Special Protected Area Kras de-fined according to the Birds Directive, and the special conservation area. The former is the third largest Special area of Preserva-tion of Endangered Bird Species in Slovenia. According to the recent data in the Škocjanske Jame Park evidence of the following ornithologically important bird species exist: Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Short-toed Eagle (Circae-tus gallicus), Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana), Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus), VVoodlark (Lullula arborea), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Barred VVarbler (Sylvia nisoria), Hoo-poe (Upupa epops), Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), Scops Owl (Otus scops), Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia). Among these, the most important are those species defined as residents (regular breeders), such are: Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Scops Owl (Otus scops), and Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia). The habitat of ali these species are rocky walls, slopes, cave entrances, woods and cultural landscape. «Natura 2000 is a European netvvorking programme of special nature protection areas, proclaimed by the European Union member States to as-sure the long-term survival of most valuable and threatened species and habitats and to conserve the biotic diversity for future generations. Special protection areas are thus aimed Velika uharica je največja evropska sova. Ključno je ohranjanje njenega gnezditvenega in prehranjevalnega habitata. Na območju Krasa in Škocjanskih jam jo zaenkrat še lahko občudujemo!.- Fotografija:! Mihelič. Eagle Owl is the largest European owl. Very important is to preserve its nesting and dietary habitats. For now we can stili admire these birds in the region ofKras and Škocjanske Jame. Photo by T. Mihelič to conserve animal and plant species and habitats vvhich are either rare or endangered due to human activity.« Habitat types comprised in the Habitats Directive in the protected area RPŠJ are (1) caves not open to the public; (2) carbonate rock slopes with vegetation in rocky fissures; (3) Middle-European carbonate scree slopes in Sub-Montane and Montane belt; (4) eastern Submediterranean dry grasslands and (5) association of juniper. The species from the Habitats Directive and Birds Directive connected to these habitat types are: bats, Leptodirus Hohewarti, Proteus, and Marsh Fritillary, and birds Eagle Owl, Short-toed Eagle, Nightjar, Woodlark, Peregrine Falcon, Barred VVarbler, Hoopoe, and Scops Owl. On the international scale the Slovenian karst boasts an extreme diversity of underground fauna with many endemic species. In the Natura 2000 within the habitat type (HT) of 8310 caves we are obliged to conserve diversified cave fauna, in particular the species included in the Habitats Directive Natura 2000. VVe may stress that conservation and protection of living spaces and entire ecosystems is the most important step to protect individual species. For species that enjoy the priority within the European Directive we must collect data about the actual State of population and fol-low trends such as size and density of the population, habitat occupied and conservation State of species. »'31 Škocjanske jame Tabela: Nekaj podatkov zgovorno priča o življenjski pestrosti po površini sicer majhnega območja Parka Škocjanske jame, ki pa izstopa po reliefni razgibanosti, posledica česar je veliko število različnih življenjskih prostorov in posledično število živalskih in rastlinskih vrst. Endemične vrste Škocjanskih jam 1 Število vrst iz ptičje direktive Natura 2000* 11 Število vrst iz habitatne direktive Natura 2000 anex II. in V* 22 Površina habitatov iz habitatne direktive* 55,4 ha Podzemna favna - število vrst (troglobionti* in stygobionti*) 27 Število redkih, ogroženih in evropsko pomembnih vrst netopirjev 6 Število redkih, ogroženih vrst polžev 15 Število redkih, ogroženih rastlinskih vrst 32 Število redkih, ogroženih vrst metuljev (dnevnih) 18 ^Različni habitatni tipi dajejo zatočišče številnim živalskim vrstam, zato je območje regijskega parka favnistično izredno zanimivo. Tukaj se prepletata vpliva submediteranske in subalpinske favne. Med živalskimi vrstami prav tako najdemo relikte, t.i. alpske in montanske vrste, med hrošči, polži in tudi med sesalci (snežna voluharica). V parku je 90 vrst dnevnih metuljev, ki predstavljajo 50% v Sloveniji živečih dnevnih vrst. Med njimi je 18 evropsko in nacionalno ogroženih. Tukaj najdemo endemita kraškega pavlinčka.V jamskem sistemu živi troglofilna vrsta Triphosa dubitata, nočni metulj iz družine pedicev. Med pticami v Veliki in Mali dolini najprej opazimo divje skalne golobe, ki gnezdijo pod samim stropom vhodnih jamskih dvoran. Prav tam gnezdi tudi kolonija planinskih hudournikov. Skoq'an-ske udornice so občasen dom in gnezdišče veliki uharici (Bubo bubo), sokolu selcu in krokarju. Prepadne stene ponujajo zimsko prebivališče pisanemu, sicer alpskemu skalnemu plezalčku. Škocjanske jame so pomembno zatočišče petim vrstam netopirjev, med njimi dolgokrili netopir in dolgonogi netopir, katerih kolonije na stropu Rudolfove dvorane so štele tudi po več tisoč osebkov. Raziskave v parku -mednarodni projekt CLIMAPARKS V skladu z upravljalskimi cilji Parka Škocjanske jame za ohranjanje ugodnega stanja naravnih vrednot, živalskih in rastlinskih vrst ter habitatnih tipov ter v skladu s cilji upravljanja območij Natura 2000, kamor PŠJ spada, je eden izmed namenov projekta, da izvedemo celovit popis ptic v parku. Cilji naloge so inventarizacija stanja ptic na projektnem območju, popis kvalifikacijskih vrst ptic, popisi ptic po različnih popisnih metodologijah - odvisno od biologije vrste. Za kvalifi- kacijske vrste iz ptičje direktive (Direktiva Sveta 79/409/ EGS o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic) se bo ugotavljalo še območja nahajanja vrst, gostoto populacij, trende populacij, ohranitveno stanje populacij, stanje habitata, kjer se vrsta pojavlja, in seveda še varstvene ukrepe za obravnavane vrste, vezane na specifiko parka. Sedaj potekajo v okviru projekta tudi raziskave o podzemni favni epikrasa, o podzemni terestrični tro-globiontski favni v turističnem delu jam in spremljanje stanja redkih in ogroženih rastlinskih vrst. Škocjanske jame sodijo v skupino jam z izjemno bogato podzemno favno. Škocjanske jame nudijo bivališče zlasti nevretenčarjem, med katerimi so mnogi tako dobro prilagojeni na življenje brez svetlobe in na razmere, v katerih je hrana količinsko in kakovostno revna, da so postali prave podzemeljske živali. Vodne in terestične habitate naseljujejo mnoge vrste podzemeljskih organizmov, tako rakov ceponožcev in enakonožcev, polžev, dvojno-nog, žuželk in človeška ribica. Vrstno najobsežnejša je favna, ki jo prinašajo curki prenikajoče vode iz epikrasa. Prav v sklopu projekta bomo pripravili strokovno zasnovo monitoringa in vzpostavili spremljanje stanja prenikle vode v podzemlju. Nadalje bomo v projektu vzpostavili spremljanje stanja podzemne troglobi-ontske favne v turističnem delu Škocjanskih jam. Tere-strična podzemna favna po dosedanjih podatkih obsega enajst vrst in sicer rake enakonožce, polžka jamničarja, dvojnonogo (g. yphloiulus), med žuželkami skakače in hrošče (g. Anophthalmus, g. Bathysciotes). Samo Šturm, univ. dipl. biolog - Služba za raziskovanje in razvoj parka, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Table: Some data clearly shovv the diversity oflife forms in a rather small space ofthe Škocjanske Jame Park yet it stands out because of rugged reliefproviding a large number ofdifferent living spaces and consequently a large number ofspecies offauna and flora. Endemic species ŠJ 1 Number of species from the Birds Directive Natura 2000* n Number of species from the Habitats Directive Natura 2000 annex II and V* 22 Surface of habitats from the Habitats Directive* 55,4 ha Underground fauna - number of species (Troglobionts and Stygobionts ) 27 Number of rare, endangered and important bat species on the European scale 6 Number of rare, endangered species of snails 15 Number of rare, endangered plant species 32 Number of rare, endangered species of butterflies (diurnal) 18 Different habitat types offer shelter to numerous animal species, explaining why the area of the Regional Park is so extremely interesting. The influences of Sub-mediterranean and Sub-alpine fauna are mixing. Among animal species we hnd some relicts, so-called Alpine and Montane species, of beetles, snails and even mammals (Snow Vole, Microtus nivalis). In the Park there are 90 species of diurnal butterflies representing 50 % of ali diurnal species living in Slovenia. 18 among them are endangered on the European or national scale. Here lives the endemic Perisomena caecigena. In the cave system lives a tro-glophile species Triphosa dubitata, moth from Geometridae family. Among the birds in Velika and Mala Dolina we should note on the first plače wild rock doves nesting close to the ceil-ing of the entrance chambers. There is also a nesting colony of Alpine Svvifts (Apus melba). The collapse dolines in Škocjan are a seasonal home and nesting plače for Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Raven (Corvus corax). Precipitous walls offer vvinter shelter to a coloured Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria), othervvise an Alpine species. Škocjanske Jame are an important refuge to five species of bats, among them Miniopterus schreibersi and Myotis capaccinii; their colo-nies on the ceiling of Rudolf Chamber contain many thousands of them. Research in the Park-international project CLIMAPARKS According to the management goals of the Škocjanske Jame Park to conserve the favourable level of natural values, in-cluding fauna and flora and various habitat types and according to objectives of Natura 2000 to which the Park is bound, one of the projects main intentions is to list ali the birds in the Park. The goals of this task are inventarisation of ali bird species in the project area, qualified listing of these bird species and bird list-ing according to various inventory methodologies - depending on the biological characteristics of the species concerned. For the qualifkation of the species according to the Birds Directive (Council Directive 79/409/EGS related to the conservation of the freely living birds) we shall determine the sites ofthe popula-tion, density of the population, population trends, conservation level ofthe population, the State ofthe habitat vvhere the species appears and, of course, the protection measures for the species concerned, related to the Parks specific characteristics. VVithin the project there is an ongoing research of the epikarst underground fauna, of the underground terrestrial tro-globiont fauna in that part of the cave that is accessible to the tourists and monitoring of the State of rare and endangered plant species. Škocjanske Jame belong to a group of caves with extremely rich underground fauna. Škocjanske Jame offer an appropriate living space mostly to invertebrates; some among them are so vvell adapted to a life cycle vvithout light and to con-ditions vvhere food is scarce and of poor nutritional value, that they evolved into real underground animals. Aquatic and terrestrial habitats are populated by many species of underground organisms, such as Copepods, Isopods, Gastropods, Insects and Proteus anguinus. The majority ofthe species lives in trickles of a percolation vvater seeping from the epikarst. VVithin this project we are going to execute a Professional monitoring and set up the observations of percolation vvater in the underground. Furthermore, vvithin this project we shall observe the State of the underground Troglobiont fauna in the tourist-accessible part of Škocjanske Jame. According to the existing data the terrestrial underground fauna comprises eleven species; these are Isopoda, Zospeum exiguum, Diplop-oda (g. yphloiulus), Collembola and beetles (g. Anophthalmus, g. Batysciotes). Samo Šturm, Univ. Dipl. Biologist - Research and Park Development Department, Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia Izobraževanje v Parku Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Vanja Debevec Gerjevič Mednarodna priznanja, ki jih je Park Škocjanske jame prejel do sedaj, prinašajo veliko odgovornost za državo in ljudi, ki na območju parka živijo in delajo. Ohraniti univerzalno vrednost in s tem pomen, ki ga imajo Škocjanske jame v svetu, je častno delo, ki v svojem trajanju nima časovnih omejitev. In zahvaljujoč temu izzivu smo postavljeni pred nalogo, ki je nujna za vse dobre obete naše družbe, za razvoj skupnosti in posameznika. Ta naloga, ki kot proces prinaša največ zadovoljstva, je učenje. V skladu z določili konvencije o Unescovi svetovni dediščini, s programom MAB in s konvencijo Ramsar smo v svoje delo vključili izobraževanje, ki poteka v dveh smereh. S poučevanjem šolske mladine, obiskovalcev in znanja željnih posameznikov želimo spodbuditi spoznavanje naravnih vrednot in kulturne dediščine, s pridobivanjem lokalnega znanja, ki že obstaja na tem delu Krasa in Brkinov, pa želimo ohranjati in uveljavljati pričevanje vedenja naših prednikov. Leta 2000 smo v Javnem zavodu Park Škocjanske jame zaključili projekt PHARE »Reka Reka - od Snežnika do morja«, ki je združil v skupne dejavnosti šole v Sloveniji: OŠ Podgora, Kuteževo; OŠ Antona Žnideršiča, Ilirska Bistrica; OŠ Dragotina Ketteja, Ilirska Bistrica; OŠ dr. Bogomirja Magajne, Divača in podružnična šola Vreme; ter v Italiji COŠ Pinka Tomažiča, Trebče in SMS de Marchesetti, Sesljan. S projektom smo prvič v slovenskem prostoru preizkusili svojevrsten model dela, ki je poleg vključevanja strokovnjakov s področja hidrologije, biologije, speleologije in mentoric dal velik poudarek praktičnem delu učencev. Uspešno delo so vsi udeleženci nagradili z veliko željo po nadaljevanju sodelovanja. Tako smo leta 2003 ustanovili mrežo šol Parka Škocjanske jame, ki predstavlja novo obliko sodelovanja in prispeva k večji kakovosti in vsebini izobraževalnih programov v šolah in v parku, kjer si v skladu z Unescovo Konvencijo o varovanju in ohranjanju svetovne dediščine prizadevamo za strokovno predstavitev izjemne dediščine. Javni zavod Park Škocjanske jame koordinira povezovanje učencev in njihovo udejstvovanje v različnih raziskovalnih nalogah parka ter mednarodnih projektih z naravoslovno in družboslovno vsebino, omogoča opravljanje šolskih dejavnosti v širšem družbenem prostoru ter krepitev socialnih in medgeneracijskih povezav. V sklopu projekta »Biodiverziteta med naravo in kulturo«, ki ga je finančno podprla tudi Slovenska nacionalna komisija za UNESCO, smo k sodelovanju povabili tudi Gimnazijo Koper in skupaj oblikovali raz- Predstavitev plakata o biodiverziteti v udornicah z znanstveno ilustracijo pred naravoslovnim centrom v parku,- Fotografija:! Toman, arhiv PŠJ. Presentation ofa poster about biodiversity in a collapse doline v/ith scientific illustration in front ofa nature Science centre in the Park. Photo by: T. Toman, Archives ofPŠJ iskovalno nalogo z naslovom »Raziskuj tudi ti«. V projektu so si šole izbrale različne drevesne vrste iz okolice šol, jih obravnavale z vidika botanike, ekologije okolja, kot tudi z vidika rabe lesa, posameznih delov drevesa, legende in drugih zanimivosti. Da bi čim bolj kakovostno predstavili rezultate projekta širši javnosti, smo izdelali spletno stran wiviv.biodiverziteta-bok.si. Na tej strani bodo pozorni opazovalci in raziskovalci lahko sproti vnašali podatke o cvetenju, o poškodbah na drevesih in o zanimivostih v zvezi z rabo ter zabeležili pripovedi in običaje, ki so povezani z obravnavanimi rastlinami. Novost bo tudi redno spremljanje podatkov o vremenu, temperaturi, vetru in padavinah. Te meritve šole iz mreže šol parka že beležijo kot del poseben naloge mednarodnega projekta CLIMAPARKS, v katerega je vključen Park Škoq'anske jame. Uporaba spleta kot orodja in direkten vnos rezultatov opazovanj bo omogočalo šolam in drugim aktivno vključevanje v proces opazovanja in varovanja rastlin in živali. S pomočjo tega kakovostnega izobraževalnega programa bomo v parku postavili temelje za monitoring ali opazovanje in merjenje, v katerem bodo lokalne skupnosti in šolska mladina sodelovali in s tvornim delom lahko prispevale svoj delež k oblikovanju identitete prostora, v katerem živimo in varujemo naravne vrednote ter kulturno dediščino. Že od leta 2001 uspešno opravljamo projektno učno delo ob mednarodnem dnevu žena. V začetku šolskega leta, v dogovoru z mentoricami mreže šol, razpišemo vodilno temo in dejavnosti, s katerimi učenci primerjajo vlogo ženske v družbi, gospodinjstvu in smotrno rabo naravnih virov nekoč in danes. Pri tem se učence spodbuja, da pridobijo ustrezen informacije od starih staršev, ki lahko pojasnijo marsikatero pozabljeno besedo in spomnijo na marsikatero opravilo, ki je izha- Education in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park, Slovenia Knovvledge as a Value Vanja Debevec Gerjevič International recognition and many avvards received by Škocjanske Jame Park so far also represent an important re-sponsibility to the State and to the people living and vvorking in the Park. To conserve the universal value of the Park and at the same time to promote the importance of Škocjanske Jame in the vvorld is an honourable and timeless task. Thanks to this challenge we face the mission which is necessary for improving the outlook of our society, for further sustainable JA ■' Srečanje s pravim netopirjem. Fotografija: Samo Šturm, arhiv PŠJ. Meeting the real bat. Photo by: Samo Šturm, Archives PŠJ Proučevanje biodiverzitete na terenu. Fotografija B. Dobrila, Gimnazija Koper, arhiv PŠJ, Studying biodiversity in the field. Photo by: B. Dobrila, Archives ofPŠJ m =7\II development of both, community and its individuals. This task, that concomitantly offers the greatest kind of satisfac-tion as well, is called learning. According to the provision of the UNESCO VVorld Heri-tage convention, the MAB programme and Ramsar convention we additionally include in our work education-oriented issues that are manifested in two directions. First, by teaching the young visitors and also ali other individuals vvanting to know more it is desirable to encourage the appreciation of natural val-ues and of the cultural heritage, and second, by gaining from the local knovvledge, that exists in this region of Kras and Brkini we vvish to preserve and establish the testimony of our ancestors. In 2000 the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park has completed the project PHARE »The Reka River - from Snežnik Mt. to the Sea« where collaborative activities of the schools in Slovenia and ltaly were joined together: Elementary School Podgora, Kuteževo; ES Anton Žnideršič, Ilirska Bistrica; ES Dragotin Kette, Ilirska Bistrica; ES Dr. Bogomir Magajna, Divača and branch school, Vreme; COŠ Pinko Tomažič, Trebicciano/Trebče and SMSMarchesetti, Sistiana/Sesljan. For the first time in Slovenia we coped with such a project as we wanted to test and evaluate a unique model of work: it included the experts from the fields of hydrology, biology, speleology and various tutors with the emphasis on the practical work of pupils. The successful work was best awarded with a great wish expressed by ali sides: to continue the collaboration. So, in 2003 we established a net-work of schools connected with the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park representing a new form of collaboration and con-tributing to a higher quality and better contents of educational programmes in schools and also in the Park. According to the UNESCO Convention of protection and conservation of world heritage we endeavour for a professional representation of our outstanding heritage. The Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park co-ordinates the pupils and their activities in various research tasks of the Park and in international projects related to the natural and social Sciences, ensuring that they execute scholar obligations in a wider social area and intensify social and inter-generation connections. Within the project »Biodiversity between Nature and Culture«, fmancially supported also by the Slovenian National Commis-sion of UNESCO, we invited a secondary school from Koper to join us as well and together we carried out the research project entitled »Do research!«. The schools have chosen different tree species growing near the schools and studied them from the botanical and environmentally ecological point of view as vvell as identifying them as possible sources of wood, founding pos-sible applications of particular parts of the trees, researched the legends connected with them and evaluated other interesting Udeleženci prvega kongresa mladih raziskovalcev Biosfernega območja Kras v Škocjanu, 2010. Fotografija: Olga Knez, arhiv PŠJ. The participants ofthe first congress ofyoung researchers Kras Biosphere at Škocjan, 20 70. Photo by: Olga Knez, Archives PŠJ Učenci so obudili star običaj poročnega kolača, ki gaje nevesta spekla ženinu.- Fotografija Darja Kranjc, arhiv PŠJ. The pupils revived the old custom ofbaking a wedding cake by the bride for the groom. Photo by: Darja Kranjc, Archives PŠJ jalo včasih iz narave z neizmernim spoštovanjem do nje same, sedaj pa izginja v času sodobne tehnologije in supermarketov. Med šolskim letom spodbujamo k ohranjanju lokalnega znanja in informacij s pravilnim beleženjem in dokumentiranjem. Zmotili bi se, če bi verjeli, da gredo v pozabo le veščine, šege in navade. Živimo v času, v katerem se pozablja tudi na medsebojno povezanost ljudi v skupnost. Zato čutimo posebno obveznost, da s temi projekti krepimo medgeneracijske vezi. Rezultati, ki jih učenci s svojimi starimi mamami in nonami ter z mentoricami ustvarijo, so izjemni. Nekatere šole so izdale zbirke receptov, vključile v dejavnosti vse svoje oddelke in oživile tudi pozabljene običaje. Veliko zanimanje šol za delo v teh učnih projektih je svojevrstno priznanje strokovnemu delu v JZ Park Škocjanske jame. Te projektne naloge se ob 8. marcu končajo z razstavo in prireditvijo v Parku, kjer učenci predstavijo svoje delo. Iz leta v leto so te predstavitev boljše, vključujejo tudi filmske posnetke, igrane prizore in praktično delo. V to dogajanje na šolah in v parku so vključeni tudi najmlajši učenci, ki razstavo popestrijo z likovnimi izdelki in si za nagrado ogledajo Škoqanske jame na prav poseben način. V Škocjanskih jamah pridne otroke čaka škrat Ulala, ki jim razkrije marsikatero jamsko skrivnost. Pojavljanje različnih danosti kot dediščine je za mentorice in JZ Park Škoqanske jame odgovoren izziv Znanje je treba pridobiti za spoznavanje dediščine in osvojiti primerne tehnike ter veščine za njeno ohranjanje. V Parku se zavedamo pomena tega poslanstva, ki ga ima vsak učitelj, zato poskušamo prispevati svoj delež njegovemu udejanjanju tudi zaposleni v zavodu. Redno organiziramo strokovno izobraževanje za mentorice in tudi strokovne ekskurzije ter seminarje v sodelovanju z Zavodom RS za šolstvo in z drugimi šolami. Obenem pa svoje delo v Parku zelo radi predstavljamo na šolah s predavanji o jamah, mokriščih in mednarodnih konvencijah. Svoje delo uspešno predstavljamo tudi svetovni strokovni javnosti s prispevki v publikacijah, na kongresih in srečanjih v tujini pa tudi pri nas. Letos maja smo gostili Unescov forum mladih, na katerem smo za izobraževalne programe prejeli navdušene pohvale mladih iz štirinajstih držav ter iz vodstva Oddelka za izobraževanje na Unescovem sedežu v Parizu. Da torej ne bi le čakali, da dober glas seže v deveto vas, smo se ga odločili spodbudili tudi sami. Vpeljali smo posebno praznovanje svetovnega dneva okolja, na katerem učenci predstavijo svoje raziskovalne naloge. Tako v začetku junija odpremo v parku vrata kongresu mladih raziskovalcev Biosfernega območja Kras. Naš gost je dekan Biotehniške fakultete prof. dr. Mihael J. Toman, ki ima nad našim delom strokovni nadzor in s svojim zgledom, praktičnimi nasveti in strokovnim znanjem usmerja naše šolarje na poti k raziskovalnem delu. Znanje je temelj za razumevanje naravnih pojavov, družbenih procesov in kulturnih razlik. Znanje nam pokaže prave odgovore in usmerja na poti strpnega in smotrnega razvoja. Znanje nam omogoča, da razvijemo tehnike, veščine za ohranjanje svoje dediščine. Za postavljanje pravih vprašanj, za odgovorno ustvarjanje novih priložnosti pa je potrebno veliko več. Potrebni sta srčna vztrajnost in pogumna predanost tem krajem, izročilu naših prednikov na poti izpolnjevanja naših obljub. V Javnem zavodu Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija smo ponosni, da smo uveljavili tak proces izobraževanja, ki ima višje in plemenite cilje - vzgojo vrednot. Mag. Vanja Debevec Gerjevič, univ. dipl. biologinja - vodja Službe za raziskovanje in razvoj, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija aspeccs. In order to present the results of the project to a vvider puhlic in a best way possible, we opened the web page vvvvvv. biodiverziteta-bok.si. The attentive observers and researchers can add to this page the data about blooming periods, damages on the trees or about curiosities connected with their use, such as the folk-tales and popular customs related to the presented plants. A novelty in our programmes is presented by a regular observation of weather, temperature, wind and precipitations. These measurements are already done by the schools included into the Park network as a special part of the international project CLIMAPARKS into which the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park is included. The use of Internet as a tool and a direct in-put of the observation results that if offers, renders possible for schools and others an active participation in the process of ob-servations and of flora and fauna protection. Encouraged by this quality education programme we shall set up the foundations for the further monitoring, including observations and measurements, where local community and school youth vvill co-operate and contribute by active work. They vvill share the space, devel-op local identity and at the same time protect natural values and cultural heritage. Since 2001 we are successfully organizing a learning project dedicated to the occasion of the international Women Day. At the beginning of the school year, with the help of tu-tors at schools, we invite applications in the leading topics and activities, vvhere pupils compare the role of vvoman in the soci-ety and households as well as promote a sensible use of natural sources in the past, today and also in the future. The pupils are encouraged to obtain the Information from their grand-parents who can explain to them many nearly forgotten vvords and who might stili remember many farm chores related to a respectful attitude tovvards nature and that are now vanishing as the modem technology and super-stores invade our time. During the school year vve encourage the conservation of local knovvledge and Information by the means of correct notes and proper doc-umentation. We should be mistaken to believe that only skills, habits and customs sink into oblivion. We live in a time when the closeness among the people of a community is getting forgotten fast, too. This is why vve feel a special responsibility to strengthen the inter-generation links. The results achieved by pupils and their grand-moth-ers and tutors are outstanding. Some schools edited a book of cooking recipes, the others included in their activity ali the classes and together presented forgotten customs. A great inter-est of schools to join these education projects is a commend-able recognition to the professional work of the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park. These project tasks finish each year on the 8th of March by an exhibition and an event in the Park vvhen the Pupils present their vvork. From year to year these presentations are improving, novv they often include film snapshots, acting scenes and practical vvork. Even the youngest pupils are included in this kind of vvork and they diversify the programme by dravv-ings and as a revvard they get a very special visit to Škocjanske Jame. In the cave the diligent children are met with a gnome Ulala vvho explains them many secrets of the cave. Appearance of different factors as a heritage pres-ents a responsible challenge to tutors and to the Public Agen-cy Škocjanske Jame Park. We have to obtain the necessary knovvledge to recognize the heritage and to adopt appropriate techniques and skills for its protection. In the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park vve are vvell avvare of the importance of this vocation immanent to every teacher and vve, the employees of the Park, try to contribute our part to its realization. We regu-larly organize professional education for tutors and professional excursions and seminars in co-operation vvith the Institute of Education of the RS and other schools. But vve also try to present our vvork inside the Park by lectures about caves, vvetlands and international conventions in various schools. Our vvork is successfully presented also to the international professional public by research papers and articles in various scientific journals and publications, at congresses and meetings abroad and at home. In May 2011 vve hosted the UNESCO Vouth Forum and vve received enthusiastic praise of our educational programme from young people coming from 14 countriesand from the head of the Education Department at the UNESCO seat in Pariš. In order not to vvait that that our capabilities and knovvledge vvill be recognized by the others on their ovvn, vve de-cided to take an active initiative. We initiated a special celebra-tion of the global Day of Environment vvhere pupils present their research vvork. At the beginning of June vve open the door of the Park to the Congress of young researchers of Kras biosphere. Ourguest is the dean ofthe Biotechnical Faculty Prof. Dr. Mihael J. Toman vvho has the professional overlook on our vvork; by set-ting his example and by his practical advices and professional knovvledge he directs our pupils tovvards the research goals. Knovvledge is a Foundation, necessary to understand natural phenomena, social processes and cultural differences. Knovvledge gives us the correct ansvvers and directs us on the way of tolerant and sensible development. Knovvledge ensures to develop techniques and skills for protection of our heritage. To put the right questions, for a responsible creation of new opportunities much more is needed. Neces-sary are heart-felt perseverance and brave dedication to our places, to the common tradition of our ancestors and simul-taneously fulfilling our promises of conservation and preser-vation. In the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia, vve are proud to establish such a process of education that contains higher and noble goals - upbringing of values. Mag. Vanja Debevec Gerjevič, Univ. Dipl. Biologist -the Flead of Research and Development Department, Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia Kulturni spomenik, promocijsko-kongresni center in učilnica trajnostnega bivanja DOMAČIJA PR NANETOVH - POTOVANJE SKOZI ČAS Darja Kranjc I Na robu vasi Matavun, tik pred potjo, ki vodi v Mohor-čičevo in Mahničevo jamo, je ob glavno cesto Matavun--Vremski Britof postavljena imenitna domačija. V svoji zgodovini je bila eno izmed središč družabnega vaškega in turističnega življenja na širšem območju, ki ga danes zajema park Škocjanske jame. Pred petimi leti je do takrat edina lastnica domačije, družina Žnidarčič, v enem izmed poslopij uredila apartmaje. Istočasno se je upravljavec parka Škocjanske jame odločil, da bo prispeval k vrnitvi nekdanjega mesta domačiji z odkupom, obnovo in ponovno ureditvijo njenega stanovanjskega poslopja z vrtom. Preteklost1... Točna letnica graditve domačije Matavun s hišno št. 8 ni znana, je pa že vrisana na katastrski mapi iz leta 1819. Prvi znani lastnik, ki se je v hišo naselil v 40. letih 19. stoletja, je bil Franc Josip Mahorčič (1817-1883), eden izmed dveh sinov nakelskega župana Josipa / Jožeta Mahorčiča (1763-1831), po katerem je po navajanju Matjaža Puca od leta 1819 poimenovana Mahorčičeva jama, poprej Jamica. Franc Josip Mahorčič je bil poročen z Amalijo Polaj iz Sežane in po poroki sta živela v hiši Matavun št. 8. Za njima je v hiši prebival eden izmed njunih sinov Aleksander Mahorčič (1849-1907), poročen z Marijo Dobrovoljny - Dunajčanko. Od tod prvo znano hišno ime Pr Lesandrovh. Onadva naj bi v hiši že imela gostilno. Po moževi smrti je Marija okoli leta 1912 hišo prodala sorodnici Julijani (Julki) Mahorčič (1855-1930), poročeni z Ivanom Gombačem (1847-1907) iz Ma-tavuna, ki jo je namenila enemu od svojih sinov Ivanu Gombaču (1880-1941), poročenemu z Marijo Dujc (1884-1972), hčerjo mlinarja, žagarja in župana Dujca z Loke pri Zavrhku. Po Ivanu je dobila hiša svoje drugo ime Pr Nanetovh. Nova lastnika sta nadaljevala z gostinsko obrtjo, oddajala pa sta tudi sobe. Parje imel dva otroka. Starejša hči Ana (1913-2001) se je v Tomaju pri šolskih sestrah izučila za kuharico, pomagala staršem in za njima prevzela obrt. Po njej je domačija dobila tretje hišno ime Pr Ankici. Domačija je bila izvorno sestavljena iz klasicistično zasnovane stanovanjske hiše in gospodarskih poslopij, zalomljenih v obliki črke L, ki so se nadaljevala v bivanjski objekt s kamnitim gankom. Ta poslopja so obkrožala dvorišče. Onstran stanovanjske hiše pa je imel svoj prostor še gostilniški vrt z murvami. Zanimivo zgodovinsko dejstvo je, da je v poslopju s kamnitim gankom v 20. letih 20. stoletju imela sedež Občina Naklo, kjer je kot občinska uradnica dve leti uradovala Tončka Kosovel iz Tomaja. Pod Italijo so Matavun. Gasthi Alberi Gostih Razglednica stanovanjskega poslopja domačije pred 1. svetovno vojno, ko je bil njen lastnik Ivan Gombač - Nane. The postcard ofthe residential building before the First World War when the ovvner was ivan Gombač - Nane v stanovanjskem poslopju, v katerem je predvsem potekala gostilniška obrt, radi prenočevali lovci in letoviščarji, zlasti s Tržaškega. Okrog let 1929/1930 so gostilni vzeli koncesijo in v času do kapitulacije Italije je v hiši deloval sanatorij za tuberkulozne bolnike. Po drugi svetovni vojni je gostilno vzelo sprva v najem gostinsko podjetje Risnik iz Divače (HTG Sežana), pozneje pa jo je imel v najemu Franc Gombač iz Naklega. Se po drugi svetovni vojni so v hiši prebivale učiteljice, ki so učile v škocjanski šoli (delovala je od leta 1845 do leta 1962), in več okoliških družin. O vaškem družabnem življenju na domačiji velja povedati, da je v sklopu gostilne imela svoje mesto točilnica, v kateri so se zadrževali okoliški moški in igrali karte. Poleg tega je pod murvami do 70. let 20. stol. imelo svoje mesto priljubljeno balinišče, na katerem so domačini balinali včasih tudi vso noč. Balinišče je bilo, tako kot lopa na vrtu, zarisano že na katastrski mapi iz leta 1872. Zagotovo pod Italijo in še potem so na tem vrtu prirejali plese. Plesalo se je pod lopo ali pa so v ta namen postavili leseno plesišče. Po vojni so poleti na dvorišču na steno gospodarskega poslopja ali na zid nekajkrat predvajali filme potujočega kina Julija Bogataja iz Rodika, gostovali so Barčani z odmevno igro Miklova Zala in druge ljudske igre. Gostilno so po naročilu inšpekcije leta 1967 zaprli zaradi dotrajanosti. Se po tem Cultural Monument, Promotion-Congress Center and Classroom of Sustainable Residence "Pr Nanetovh" Homestead - a Travel Through Time Darja Kranjc Druščina pred Nanetovo hišo, verjetno v 30. letih 20. stoletja. Prvi z leve sedi Dušan Gombač, zadaj na desni stoji Marica Gombač. A company in front of Nanetova house, probably in the 1930's. The first sitting from the left is Dušan Gombač, at the right back stands Marica Gombač On the edge of the Matavun village, close to the path leading into Mohorčičeva and Mariničeva Jama and near the main road Matavun - Vremski Britof an imposing homestead stands. In the history of the region this was one of the most important centres of social life in the village. It vvas also of immense importance for the tourist life in a vvider area, covered today by the Škocjanske Jame Park. Five years ago a few tourist flats in one of the buildings were arranged by the then only ovvner of the house, the family Žnidarčič. At the same time the management of the Škocjanske Jame Park de-cided to return the former importance to the homestead by buying, restoring and arranging it to be suitable for congress and promotional activities and as a classroom of sustainable development. Past1 ... The exact date of the construction of the homestead in Matavun No. 8 is not known, but it already appears on the ca-dastre map from 1819. The first known owner who moved into the house in the forties of the 19c^ century was Franc Mahorčič (1817-1883), one of the two sons of the mayor of Naklo village, Josip/Jože Mahorčič (1763-1831). On the initiative of Matjaž Puc, the cave knovvn since 1819 as Jamica, vvas renamed after him (though with a diflferent spelling, into Mohorčičeva Jama). Franc Josip Mahorčič married Amalija Polaj from Sežana and after the marriage they lived in the house Matavun No. 8. After them one of their sons, namely Aleksander Mahorčič (1849-1907) lived in this house and married Marija Dobrovolny - from Vienna. Hence comes the first knovvn name of the house Pr Lesandrovh. It is supposed that they already kept an inn. About 1912, after her husband’s death, Marija sold the house to a relative Julijana (Julka) Mahorčič (1855-1930), who vvas married to Ivan Gombač (1847-1907) from Matavun, with the intention to accommo-date their son Ivan Gombač (1880-1941), vvho vvas married to Marija Dujc (1884-1972), a daughter of a miller, savv-miller and mayor Dujc from the village of Loka pri Zavrhku. After Ivan the house got another name Pr Nanetovh. Nevv ovvners continued inn-keeping tradition and also rented rooms. They h a ve tvvo children. The older Ana (1913-2001) vvas trained as a cook at an educational institution at Tomaj, so she vvas able to help their parents and later took over the inn. After her the house got the third house name Pr Ankici. The homestead vvas originally composed of a classi-cally built living house and additional outbuildings, arranged in the shape of the letter L. The outbuildings vvere continuing into the living part vvith a Stone balcony. The buildings encircled the courtyard. On the other side of the living house there vvas a garden vvith mulberry trees used for the inn. An interesting historic fact is that in the 1920's part of the build-ing having the Stone balcony vvas used as a residence of the Naklo commune. Here Tončka Kosovel from Tomaj vvas employed as a civil servant for tvvo years. During the tvvo World Wars, as part of ltaly, the inn vvas stili operating in the house and it offered over-night accommodation to hunters and tourists, coming mostly from the Trieste region. Around the years 1929/1930 the concession for the inn vvas revoked and the house vvas used as a sanatorium for tuberculosis patients. After the Second World War the house vvas hi red by Risnik Enterprise from Divača (HTG Sežana) and used as an inn again. Later Franc Gombač from Naklo hi red it. Well after the Second VVorld War e ve n teachers, holding positions in the Škocjan elementary school (operating from 1845 to 1962) vvere accommodated in the house, together vvith several neighbouring families. It is vvorth to mention that a major part of the social life of the village vvas taking plače in the bar vvithin the inn. It vvas frequented by local men that vvere used to play cards there. By the 1970's the mulberry trees offered protection for a popular boules court vvhere locals used to play the game through the vvhole night, at least sometimes. The boules court and the garden shed already appear on the Cadastre map from 1872. For sure, during the Italian times and even later dances vvere organ-ized in this garden. The participants danced belovv the shed or on the specially constructed vvooden dance floor. After the vvar during the summer evenings there vvere film projections on the vvall of an outbuilding, offered by the travelIing cinema of Julij Bogataj from the village Rodik. Additionally, there vvere theatre Restavratorji novembra 2009 v nekdanji jedilnici snemajo stropno poslikavo, ki sojo pred tem s klejem utrdili na nadomestni nosilec. On November2009 the restoration specialists removed the ceiling painting in the dining room which was previously strengthened by glue and installed it on a replacement bar je v hiši do svoje smrti prebivala gospa Ana Žnidarčič s podnajemniki. Z Zakonom o regijskem parku Škocjanske jame (Ur. 1. RS, št. 56/96) je bila leta 1996 domačija razglašena za kulturni spomenik državnega pomena. Stanovanjsko poslopje domačije pa je konec leta 2006 odkupil upravljavec parka Škocjanske jame. Sedanjost2... Projekt obnove in projekt notranje opreme stanovanjskega poslopja domačije je arhitektka Silvija Kajzer iz Linear, d.o.o., v letih 2008 in 2009 pripravila na podlagi raziskav objekta in v skladu s strokovnimi smernicami novogoriške območne enote Zavoda za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije ter Restavratorskega centra Slovenije. Kot izstopajoča značilnost objekta se je izkazala njegova stenska dekoracija, ki so jo raziskali restavratorji pozimi 2008/2009. Ugotovili so, da so bili vsi prostori v tej stavbi, razen kuhinje in nekaj drugih sob, bolj praktične narave, okrašeni z bogatimi poslikavami, izmed katerih so nekatere tudi računalniško rekonstruirali. Odkrili so dekoracije iz treh obdobij - pred 1. svetovno vojno, med obema vojnama in po 2. svetovni vojni. Njihova kakovost je s časom upadala. Najbolj zanimive poslikave iz prvega obdobja so zavzemale celotne stene in strop. Narejene so bile z matricami iz povoščenega papirja in poskušale posnemati dražje tekstilne stenske tapete, zato je večina vzorcev izhajala iz rastlinskega okrasja. V sklopu rekonstrukcije objekta so bili s sten sneti izbrani detajli, ki so jih v delavnici restavrirali in ponovno vgradili v objekt. In situ so restavrirali poslikavo stropa v salonu, določene prostore pa se je okrasilo s ponovitvami izbranih dokumentiranih poslikav. Obnova hiše, ki je potekala od julija 2010 do novembra 2011, stremi k ohranitvi zunanjščine, osnovne prostorske razporeditve, arhitekturnih detajlov in vrednejših delov stavbnega pohištva ter s kosi odbrane restavrirane originalne notranje opreme in s prezentacijo najdenih dekorativnih poslikav, ohranja in nadgrajuje njeno kulturno sporočilnost. Prihodnost^... Obnovljen kulturni spomenik bo imel funkcijo promocijsko-kongresnega centra. Namenjen bo širši, tudi mednarodni javnosti. Nudil bo prostore za kongrese, konference, seminarje, protokolarne in druge sprejeme, poroke, ... Obenem bo upravljavcu parka in njegovim partnerjem služil za dejavnosti s poudarkom na posredovanju informacij in znanj s področja varovanja naravne in kulturne dediščine, svetovne dediščine UNESCO, Ramsarske konvencije, UNESCO programa MAB ter drugih konvencij domačinom, obiskovalcem parka in drugi strokovni javnosti. V tem smislu bo med drugim nudil prostor za razstave, prireditve, delavnice, izobraževanja, knjižnico z arhivom, ... Pri tem pa bo svojo podobo poskušal kar najbolj graditi na zgodovini vsakdanjega življenja tega poslopja in njegovih prebivalcev. Vse to z željo po spodbujanju sožitja med človekom in naravo in koristenja kapacitet in ponudbe na širšem območju parka. Za več informacij nas lahko obiščete na naši domeni: www.hisa-odlicnosti-bok.si. 1 Puc, Matjaž; 1998: Pomembnejši datumi v raziskovanju in turistični ureditvi Škocjanskih jam. Naše jame, Glasilo jamarske zveze Slovenije, št. 40, Ljubljana, str. 75-80.; Belingar, Eda; mag. Jazbec, Andrej; 2008: Konservatorsko-restavratorski program, ZVKDS OE NG; Kranjc, Darja; 2009: Vsebinska zasnova kongresno promocijskega centra - osnutek, JZ PŠJ, Škocjan; Dokl, Urška; Vesenjak, Teja;2010: TZ/20. 2 Jazbec, Andrej; 2009: Domačija Matavun 8, Poročilo o sondiranju in grafična rekonstrukcija dekorativnih stenskih poslikav v notranjščini, ZVKDS OE NG. 3 Debevec Gerjevič, Vanja; Kranjc, Darja; 2011: Vsebinska zasnova kongresno promocijskega centra - osnutek, JZ PŠJ, Škocjan 2009; lulita, Nensi; 2011: Hiša odličnosti v parku Škocjanske jame, Škocjan. Darja Kranjc, univ. dipl. etnologinja in kulturna antropologinja, kustodinja, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija ~N Streha je prekrita. Likof marca 2011. Fotografije: Darja Kranjc The roofis covered. Celebration on March 2011 Photos by Darja Kranjc productions such as the play Miklova Zala and other folk plays. The inn was closed by the inspection in 1967 as it was in an extremely poor condition and not suitable for its purpose any more. But Ana Žnidarčič and her tenants lived in the house until her death. By the Law on Regional Park Škocjanske Jame (OfFicial Gazette 56/96) the homestead was declared a cultural monu-ment of State importance in 1996. At the end of 2006 the man-agement of the Škocjanske Jame Park bought the residential part of the house. The present2... The project of restoration and an additional project of the inner arrangement and equipment of the residential part of the house vvas prepared by the architect Silvija Kajzer, Linear d.o.o. in the years 2008 and 2009 founding on the research of the object and according to professional directives of the Institute of the Cultural Heritage Protection, Nova Gorica and Restoration Centre of Slovenia. As an outstanding feature of the house its wall decora-tion was revealed. It vvas studied by the restoration specialists in the vvinter 2008-2009. They found out that ali the rooms in this house, except the kitchen and some other utility spaces, vvere richly painted; some of these paintings vvere reconstructed by Computer. They discovered decorations stemming from three periods - before the First VVorld War, betvveen the Wars and af-ter the Second World War. Their quality declined by time. The most interesting paintings from the first period covered entire walls and ceiling. They vvere made by waxed paper matrix and they tried to imitate more expensive textile vvallpapers, explain-ing vvhy most of the patterns derive from floral decoration. Within the reconstruction of the object some details vvere sam-pled from the vvalls, restored and installed again on the vvalls. The painting of the ceiling in the drawing-room vvas restored in situ and some other rooms vvere decorated again by carefully chosen, vvell documented paintings from this house. The restoration of the house started in July 2010 and finished in November 2011; the restoration tended to preserve the outside appearance, as vvell as the basic inside arrangements of the rooms, architectural details and some of the more valu- able pieces of the building outfits. Additionally it includes restored original inner furniture accompanied by a suitable pres-entation of decorative paintings thus preserving and enhancing its cultural message. The future^... The restored cultural monument vvill serve as a promo-tional and congress centre intended for a wider, hopefully even international public. It vvill ofTer a suitable plače for a vvide va-riety of congresses, conferences, seminars, protocol receptions, marriages etc. At the same time the Škocjanske Jame Park and its partners vvill use it for their ovvn informational activities dissemi-nating knowledge related to the protection of the natural and cultural heritage, importance of the vvorld heritage at UNESCO, Ramsar Convention, MAB Programme and other conventions to local people, to the visitors of the Park and to other professional public. It vvill o Afer appropriate spaces for exhibitions, vvorkshops, educational activities and vvill be used as a library comprising ar-chives etc. It vvill try to consolidate its cultural image based on the history of everyday life of this building and its inhabitants. Ali this vvith the explicit vvish to stimulate and maintain the har-mony betvveen man and nature as vvell as engage in promotion of local sustainable economy in the vvider area of the Park. For more information you can visit our vveb site: www. hisa-odlicnosti-bok.si 1 Puc, Matjaž, 1998: Important dates connected to research and tourist display of Škocjanske Jame. Naše Jame 40, Ljubljana, str. 75-80; Belingar, Eda; Jazbec, Andrej; 2008: Conservatory-restoration programme, ZVKDS OE NG; Kranjc, Darja, 2009: The contents of congress-promotion centre a d raft, JZ PŠJ, Škocjan: Dokl, Urška; Vesenjak, Teja; 2010:TZ/20 2 Jazbec, Andrej; 2009: Homestead Matavun 8,- Report on probe and graphic reconstruction of decorative wall paintings in the interior, ZVKDS OE NG, 3 Debevec Gerjevič, Vanja; Kranjc, Darja; 2009:The contemts of promotion-congress centre - a d raft,- JZ PŠJ, Škocjan; lulita, Nensi; 2011: Hous of excellence in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park. Darja Kranjc, Univ. Dipl. Ethnologist and Cultural Anthropologist, curator, Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia INVESTICIJE IN INVESTICIJSKO VZDRŽEVANJE V JAMAH IN V PARKU OD LETA 1997 DO LETA 2011 Črtomir Pečar Na podlagi sprejetega Zakona o regijskem parku Škocjanske jame (Uradni list RS, št. 57/96) in Sklepa Vlade RS o ustanovitvi javnega zavoda Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija (Uradni list RS, št. 68/96) ter Sklepa Vlade RS o imenovanju v.d. direktorja Parka Škocjanske jame (PŠJ), je uprava parka dejansko začela opravljati svoje delo 15. junija 1997. Z notranjo opremo in računalniki je bila opremljena v letu 1996 prenovljena Gombačeva domačija v Škocjanu št. 2, kjer je sedež uprave parka tudi sedaj. V prvih letih je bil poudarek na pripravi strokovnih ocen o dejanskem stanju infrastrukture v jami (električno napajanje jam, stanje kablov in električnih omaric, osvetlitev posameznih delov jam, stanje tlakov na turistični poti, kamnitih stopnic, ograj, mostov, odpadkov v jamah...) in v parku (geološka karta, kmetijska zemljišča, gozdovi, evidence vodotokov, kalov, »črnih« lokacij različnih odpadkov...). Ugotovljeno stanje o infrastrukturi v jami je bilo, da je močno dotrajana in na posameznih delih nevarna ter potrebna takojšnjih nujnih investicijsko-vzdrževalnih del. Z nekdanjim upravljavcem Škocjanskih jam družbo HTG, d.d., iz Sežane, z Ministrstvom za okolje in prostor in z upravo parka so potekala zahtevna pogajanja o prenosu posesti in upravljanja jam na Javni zavod Park Škocjanske jame. Sporazum je bil dosežen 10. marca 1999, ko je Republika Slovenija oziroma JZ PŠJ dejansko prevzel jame v posest in upravljanje. Po prevzemu jam je JZ Park Škocjanske jame pospešeno saniral slabo in dotrajano infrastrukturo v jami. Izvedena je bila sanacija elektrotehnišnih naprav v jami (montiran nov električni dieselski agregat ob transformatorski postaji, napeljani so bili novi sekundarni električni razvodi, montirane nove električne razdelilne omarice s »fit« stikali, montirane nove svetilke ob turistični poti, urejene scenske osvetlitve posameznih delov jame, popravljeni betonski tlaki in sanirani posamezni deli železnih ograj). Zgrajena je bila nova zaščitna galerija pod spodnjo postajo dvigala v Veliki dolini. V letu 2003 je bil v jami na isti lokaciji zgrajen nov Cerkvenikov most čez Hankejev kanal, ki je nadomestil stari, statično dotrajani most iz leta 1933. V letu 2003 so bile nadvišane vse ograje v Veliki dolini. V letu 2004 je bil nameščena nova škocjanska železna ograja od naravnega mosta do razgledišča pri Betanji. V letu 1999 je bila končana nadomestna gradnja J'kopinovega skednja v Škoq"anu, v katerem je urejena etnološka zbirka »Od setve do žetve«. V letu 2001 je bila dokončana rekonstrukcija Jurjevega skednja v Škoda- mi in v njem urejena krasoslovna in arheološka zbirka. Ureditev trga z avtobusnim postajališčem je bilo končana v letu 2002. V letu 2005 je bila dokončana nadomestna gradnja objekta Škocjan št. 3. V prirodoslovnem objektu so na novo postavljene arheološka zbirka z prikazom rim-skodobne hiše »in situ«, geološka in prirodoslovna zbirka. V mansardi stavbe so pisarne zavodove službe za raziskave in razvoj. Del informacijskega centra (prodaja kart, sanitarije in informacijska točka) je bil prenovljen v letu 2006 pred začetkom turistične sezone. Kulturni etnološki spomenik Matavun št. 8 smo odkupili v letih 2006 in 2007. V letu 2006 smo začeli z zamenjavo ograj nad kanjonom ob turistični poti v Šumeči jami. V treh letih je bilo nameščenih kakšnih 500 m novih peskanih RF ograj z mrežnimi polnili. Vhod v jamo v dolini Globočak smo leta 2008 uredili z novim nadstreškom in s tlakom ter zavarovali in zaščitili obiskovalce in delavce parka pred dežjem in soncem ... V letu 2008 je bila pripravljena vsa potrebna dokumentacija (analize, študije, projekti...) za pridobitev Obnovljeno dvigalo obiskovalcem Škocjanskih jam olajša izhod iz Velike doline-Fotografija: Borut Lozej. Renovated elevator enables easier exit from Velika Dolina to the visitors of Škocjanske Jame. Photo by Borut Lozej mmm Zahtevno spuščanje 11-tonske konstrukcije mostu je pritegnilo veliko zanimanja.- Fotografija: Borut Lozej. A demanding lovvering of the bridge construction vveighing 11 tons attracted a lot of interesi. Photo by Borut Lozej Spent MoreThan 5 Million € Investments and Investment Maintenance in the Caves and in the Park from 1997 to 2011 Črtomir Pečar According to the accepted Law on the Regional Park Škocjanske Jame (Official Cazette RS, no. 57/96) and on the Resolution of Government of RS to found the Public Service Agency Park Škocjanske Jame, Slovenia (Official Gazette RS, no. 68/96) and also according to the Resolution of Government of RS to nominate the manager of the Park Škocjanske Jame the administration of the Park in reality started vvith its work on June 15, 1997. In 1996 the restored Gombač home-stead in Škocjan 2 was equipped by interior furniture and computers and offered the residence for the management, where it is residing until knovv. The emphasis during the initial years vvas focused on the preparation of professional assessment about the real conditions °f the infrastructure in the cave (electric installations, cables and , fuse boxes, illumination of particular parts of the cave, pavement on the tourist walkways, stone stairs, railings, bridges, problem of ' rubbish in the cave...) and in the Park (geological map, farming land, woods, evidence ofstreams, sinkhole ponds, locations of ille-| gal disposal of various vvastes...). The findings reached h a ve shown that the infrastructure in the cave is in a poor condition, in some places e ve n dangerous and that urgent investment and further maintenance vvorks are absolutely necessary. Among the former manager of Škocjanske Jame, compa-ny HTG d.d., Sežana, and the Ministry of Environment and Physi-cal Planning on one side and the new Management of the Park on the other side, a demanding set of negotiations about the transfer of the land and management responsibilities were go ing on. The agreement vvas finally reached on March 10, 1999 vvhen the Re-public of Slovenia in the name of the Public Service Agency Park Škocjanske Jame in reality overtook the cave into its possession and also received full responsibilities of its further management. After the take-over the Park Škocjanske Jame started to improve the condition of the poor and worn-out infrastructure inside the cave. The electro-technical devices in the cave were restored (a new electric Diesel aggregate at the transformation sta-tion vvas installed, new secondary electric vvires, new fuse-boxes with "FIT" svvitches and new lamps along the walkways were put in plače, additionally scenic illumination of particular parts of the cave together vvith the concrete pavement and parts of iron fene- ' ^Itiii" "tUi .fj^js^^s^liene ograje in obnovljen Cerkvenikov most v Šumeči jami zagotavljajo dodatno varnost obiskovalcev,- ^ ' M Renovated railings and the Cerkvenik Bridge in Šumeča Jama s assure additional safety to the visitors. Photo by Borut Lozej * Z. M sredstev iz Operativnega programa krepitve regionalnih razvojnih potencialov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete: OPRR Povezovanje naravnih in kulturnih potencialov pri razvoju turistične infrastrukture; prednostne usmeritve: Povezovanje naravnih in kulturnih potencialov Krasa, vlaganja v turistično infrastrukturo Parka Škoq’anske jame. Kandidatura je bila uspešna, zato je bila v maju 2009 podpisana pogodba z Ministrstvom za gospodarstvo v znesku 2,5 milijona €. Na podlagi pogodbe je bila v letu 2009 postavljena v 1. sklopu nova streha strojnice dvigala, tlakovana je bila dostopna pot, izveden je bil nov vstopno-iz-stopni podest na spodnji postaji dvigala in montirana je bila nova kabina dvigala s vsemi potrebnimi deli. V 2. sklopu smo poleti 2009 začeli prenovo turistične infrastrukture v Mahorčičevi in Mariničevi jami ter v Mali dolini. Investicija je bila uspešno dokončana jeseni 2010. Slovesna otvoritev po 45. letih obnovljene infrastrukture je bila pred začetkom turistične sezone v letu 2011. V 3. sklopu je bil rekonstruiran objekt Matavun št. 8 v promocijsko-kongresni center, ki je bil dokončan v oktobru 2011. Njegova slovesna otvoritev bo v novembru ob praznovanju 25. obletnice vpisa Škocjanskih jam na Unescov Seznam svetovne kulturne in naravne dediščine in 15. obletnice sprejetja Zakona o regijskem parku Škocjanske jame. Skupna vrednost vseh investicij in investicijskega vzdrževanja v jamah in parku od leta 1997 do vključno leta 2011 je 5,244.162,30 €. Na podlagi sprejetih posameznih programov dela in finančnih načrtov za posamezna leta je JZ Park Škocjanske jame v javno »občinsko« infrastrukturo (obnova komunskega vodnjaka v Škoqanu, ureditev trga v Matavunu, ureditev pokopališča v Škocjanu, vzdrževanje poljskih poti, itn.) vložil 110.706,00 EUR. JZ Park Škocjanske jame je v zadnjih dvanajstih letih za ureditev prenočišč (turističnih apartmajev in sob) ter za razdelitev nepovratnih sredstev prebivalcem v parku za nakup in vgraditev tipičnih »kraških« gradbenih materialov v svoje domačije ter za interventen nakup lesenega ostrešja za pogorelo gospodarsko poslopje v Betanji št. 4 iz lastnih sredstev namenil 312.722,00 € nepovratnih lastnih sredstev. Črtomir Pečar - vodja Službe za prostorsko načrtovanje, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija ing vvere repaired). New protection gallery was built below the lower station of the elevator in Velika Dolina. In 2003 a new bridge as the replacement for the old statically unsafe Cerkvenik Bridge over the Hanke Passage dating from 1933 was built at the same location. In 2003 ali the fences in Velika Dolina vvere heightened. In 2004 a new iron fence was constructed along the footpath lead-ing from the natural arch to the viewpoint near Betanja. In 1999 the buildingof J'kopinov Skedenj (Jakopin Barn) in Škocjan village was fmished and ethnological collection »From Sowing to Harvest« was put on dispiay in it. In 2001 the recon-struction of Jurjev Skedenj (Jurij Barn) was accomplished and karstological and archaeological collections are being displayed inside. The village square with the bus station was built in 2002. In 2005 the construction of the house Škocjan No. 3 was finished, now presenting the new archaeological collection, including the remains of a Roman-time house (displayed in situ), together with the geological and natural Sciences collections. In the attic of the house offices of the Research and Development Department are housed. A part of the information centre (with tickets booth, re-strooms and information point) was restored before the start of the tourist season in 2006. Cultural ethnological monument, the house Matavun No. 8, was bought during the years 2006 and 2007. In 2006 we started to exchange the railings of the tourist walkway above the canyon in Šumeča Jama. During the three years of works about 500 m of new sandblasted RF railings with the net fillings were installed. rr. Trg v Matavunu je dobil lepšo podobo. Fotografija: Darja Ivančič. Square in Matavun has acquired a nicer took. Photo by Darja Ivančič In 2008 the entrance plateau in front of the cave in the collapse doline Globočak was paved and an overhanging roof to protect the visitors and workers of the Park against rain and sun was built. In 2008 ali the documentation (analyses, studies, pro-jects...) necessary to obtain the financing from the Operative Programme for Strengthening the Regional Development Po-tentials for the period 2007-2013 was prepared. The programme expressed the "OPRR Connecting natural and cultural potentials to develop tourist infrastructure" as the most important development priority. The main priority direction was expressed as "Connecting natural and cultural potentials of Kras together vvith the investment into the tourist infrastructure of the Park Škocjanske Jame". The application was successful and in May 2009 the con-tract worth 2,5 million € was signed with the Ministry of Economy. During 2009, within the first phase of this contract, a nevv roof for the elevator and a new entrance-exit landing stage at the lower station of the elevator vvere constructed in addition to the paving of the access road and the installation of a new cabin of the elevator accompanied by ali other necessary works. During the summer 2009 the second phase of the contract was started, it included the reconstruction of the tourist infrastructure in Mahorčičeva and Mahničeva Jama and in Mala Dolina.The investment was successfully accomplished in autumn 2010. The reopening of the infrastructure finally reconstructed af-ter 45 years of neglect, was solemnly celebrated at the beginning of the tourist season in 2011. During the third phase the object in Matavun No. 8 was reconstructed; the promotion-congress centre was installed in it in October 2011. Its solemn opening is scheduled to take plače during the November celebrations on the occasion of the 25t*1 anniversary of the inscription of Škocjanske Jame into the world cultural and natural heritage at UNESCO held together vvith the celebration of the 1 S1*1 anniversary of the acceptance of the Law of Regional Park Škocjanske Jame. The total value of ali investments and investment main-tenance in the cave and in the Park during the period 1977 to 2011 is exactly 5,244.162.30 €. According to the obligations expressed in particular vvork programmes and according to their financial plans during the individual years the Public Service Agency Park Škocjanske Jame also invested into the public "communal" infrastructure (renovation of a public well in Škocjan, square development in Matavun, cemetery development in Škocjan, maintenance of field paths etc.) totalling 110.706,00 €. During the last twelve years the Public Service Agency Park Škocjanske Jame heavily invested into the development of lodging facilities (tourist flats and rooms) as well as into the dis-tribution of non-refundable financial supports to the inhabitants in the Park in order for them to buy, install and display typically "karst" construction materials on their homesteads as vvell as for an intervention of purchasing of wooden roof shingles for the burnt outbuilding belonging to the house Betanja No. 4, totalling 312.722,00 € of non-refundable financing stemming from its own means. Črtomir Pečar -The Head of the Space Planning Department, Public Service Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia Turistična ponudba v PŠJ in njen razvoj Kras, kraški pojavi, v prvi vrsti kraške jame, ki so običajno težje dostopne, skrivnostne, drugačne od sveta, ki smo ga vajeni, so bile že v zgodovini privlačne za obiskovalce. Danes so jame lažje dosegljive; predvsem tiste, ki so bile urejene za obiskovalce, med katerimi so tudi Škocjanske jame. Jame ostajajo magnet za tiste, ki si upajo vstopiti v skrivnostni svet podzemlja. Magnet, okrog katerega se po koščkih dodaja ponudbo, ki se na koncu poveže v sestavljeno celoto. Škoqanske jame so skozi leta s svojimi edinstvenimi lepotami postale izjemna naravna turistična privlačnost. Prva leta po ustanovitvi, ko park še ni deloval v polnem zamahu, je bil ogled Škocjanskih jam edina možnost, ki je bila namenjena obiskovalcem. Število obiskovalcev in skupin, ki so večinoma prihajali z avtobusi, se je počasi a nenehno večalo. Večalo se je tudi zaradi dejstva, da so bile leta 1986 Škocjanske jame vpisane na Seznam svetovne dediščine pod okriljem UNESCO in se pojavile na turističnem zemljevidu sveta ter tako postale svetovno znana lokacija. Zal se še vedno dogaja, da se včasih ne zavedamo, kaj vse imamo na dlani, iz česar sledi, da še premalo cenimo vrednote, ki jih imamo. Istega leta je bil zgrajen informacijski center z velikim parkiriščem, nekoliko oddaljen od strnjenega naselja. Informacijski center se je tako kot park skozi leta razvijal, dodajali smo mu tako ponudbo kot vsebine, ga dopolnjevali in oblikovali skladno s potrebami. Z delovanjem javnega zavoda je postalo jasno, da je turizem v zavarovanem območju potrebno usmerjati in nanj gledati kot na del trajnostnega razvoja. Park Škoq'anske jame je eden izmed temeljev turistične ponudbe Krasa in največja turistična znamenitost v občini Divača. Turistična ponudba parka se je začela širiti skladno s smernicami za delovanje parka, saj je glavni cilj upravljavca varovanje in ohranjanje narave in kulturne dediščine. Obiskovalcem smo ponudili nove vsebine za drugačna doživetja. Začelo se je usmerjeno trženje in osveščanje širše javnosti. Daleč največje število obiskovalcev se še vedno odloči za voden ogled jam. Ogled se začne v informacijskem centru, nadaljuje se do udornice Globočak, skozi umetni rov do Paradiža v Tihi jami, od tam po Kalvariji do Velike dvorane, kjer nas presenetijo ogromni kapniki in mimo orgel do Šumeče jame. Tam obiskovalce očara ogromen podzemni kanjon, ki ga še dandanes oblikuje reka Reka. Pot nas pelje skozi kanjon, visoko nad reko, mimo ponvic ponovno na dnevno svetlobo v Veliko dolino. Do izhoda iz jamskega sistema je mogoče iti z dvigalom ali pa peš čez naravni most med Veliko in Malo dolino. Vodenje po jamskem sistemu in po parku opravljajo le usposobljeni vodniki. Za ogled kraških pojavov, ki jih vidimo na površju, tipičnih vedut, značilnosti vasi v parku, je obiskovalcem na voljo urejena učna pot Škoqan. Učna pot z znakom stilizirane kapljice za lažjo orientacijo pohodnikov je opremljena s pojasnjevalnimi tablami v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. S področja kulturne dediščine je bila jeseni leta 1999 postavljena na ogled etnološka zbirka »Od zrna do kruha«. Zbirka je v obnovljenem Jakopinovem skednju. Park je odkupil ruševino, jo prenovil in objektu dal novo »življenje« z drugačno vsebino. Na enak način je v Jurjevi štali zaživela zbirka »Zgodovina odkrivanja jam«, v povsem prenovljeni Delezovi domačiji pa so svoj prostor med drugim dobile geološka, naravoslov-no-biološka in arheološka zbirka. Z letom 2011 se je ponudba za obiskovalce parka spet povečala, saj je bil po 46. letih ponovno odprt del jame, kjer Reka prvič ponikne pod zemljo. Gre za jamo »pod Škocjanom« - Mahorčičevo in Mariničevo jamo ter Malo dolino. V tem delu se lahko obiskovalci v toplejši polovici leta, ko je nivo vode v Reki običajno nižji, sprehodijo samostojno, brez vodenja. S širitvijo ponudbe smo začeli bolj spremljati obiskovalce v parku, tako da so vodniki istočasno tudi naravovarstveni nadzorniki. Glavna naloga naravovarstvenih nadzornikov je vzgajanje, osveščanje in opozarjanje vseh, ki se v parku nahajajo. Trajnostni razvoj turizma je pomemben tudi za razvoj zavarovanega območja. Prizadevamo si za razvoj celoletnega turizma, ne le sezonskega, saj se zavedamo, da so dnevni viški na vrhuncu sezone velika obremenitev za okolje, prebivalce, zaposlene in predvsem za sam jamski sistem. Zadnjih šest let uporabljamo rezervacijski sistem, ki regulira skupine obiskovalcev po urah in dnevih. Dejstvo, da se morajo skupine obiskovalcev, ki si želijo ogledati jame, najaviti in imeti potrjeno rezervacijo, je postalo znano že daleč naokrog. Nova pridobitev, ki nam omogoča celoletno dejavnost, neodvisno od letnih časov, je nov promocij sko-kongresni center, ki bo zaživel v obnovljenem kulturnem spomeniku. Center nam omogoča izvajanje novih, kakovostnih vsebin. Poleg naše turistične ponudbe sta se v letih, odkar obstoja park, razvili tudi zasebno sobodajalstvo in gostinska ponudba. V ožjem zavarovanem območju, kjer so le tri manjše vasi, so bile obnovljene tri domačije, ki s svojo ponudbo (oddajanje sob, apartmajev, gostinska ponudba na turistični kmetiji) soustvarjajo turistični utrip v parku. V vplivnem območju parka, v porečju Reke, je še nekaj ponudnikov tovrstne ali podobne dejavnosti. Cerkvenikov most - ena izmed znamenitosti, ki v Škocjanskih jamah navdušujejo obiskovalce. Fotografija: Borut Lozej, vir: arhiv JZ Park Škocjanske jame. The Cerkvenik Bridge - one ofthe sights thatenthral the visitors in Škocjanske Jame. Photo by Borut Lozej; Source Archive PA ŠJP Slap v Veliki dolini. Fotografija: Stane Klemenc, vir: arhiv JZ Park Škocjanske jame. The waterfail in Velika Dolina. Photo by Stane Klemenc; Source Archive PA ŠJP Tourist Offer in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park and its Further Development Tourist Pulse in the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park Jana Martinčič Karst and karst phenomena strongly differing from the vvorld that we are used to as well as karst caves with their often dif-ficult access, have been attracting people since prehistory. Today, the access is easier in particular in those caves that are arranged for visitors; among them are also Škocjanske Jame. The caves remain to attract large crovvds and are of great interest to ali those that dare to enter the mysterious underground vvorld. The magnetic attraction of the under-ground vvorld combined vvith the added tourist value is an offer rounded into an entire tourist destination. During the past years Škocjanske Jame and its unique natural beauties have evolved into an extraordinary touristic at- traction. Immediately after the foundation ofthe Park, when it was not yet operating in a full svving, the visit of the caves was the only possibility offered to the visitors. The number of the visitors and the number of groups, arriving mostly by buses, was grovving slowly but steadily. The growth is partly attributed to the fact that in 1986 Škocjanske Jame were inscribed into the List ofthe vvorld heritage at UNESCO and consequently appeared on the global tourist map thus becoming a vvorld famous loca-tion. Unfortunately, it stili happens that sometimes we are not avvare vvhat a natural jevvel we have and thus vve do not appreci-ate its values enough. In the same year as the Information centre also a large parking plače was built, slightly away from the vil-lage. During the coming years, both the Visitors Centre and the collections. Photo shovving fkopinov Skedenj. Photo by Matej Skubic. Source Archive PA ŠJP ■ Poleg jam si obiskovalci v parku lahko ogledajo še tri muzejske zbirke. Na fotografiji J'kopinov skedenj. Fotografija: Matej Skubic, vir: arhiv JZ Park Škocjanske jame. Not just the caves, visitors can also see three museum Naše glavno vodilo pri trajnostnem razvoju je postalo razvijanje naravi prijaznega obiska, kar na dolgi rok pomeni, da mora (p)ostati nemoteč tako za naravo kot za ljudi, ki tu živijo. Biti pa mora tudi ekonomsko stabilen in povezan z lokalno skupnostjo, da se lahko nepretrgoma razvija in vlaga v razvoj. Tovrstna oblika razvoja omogoča prebivalcem, obiskovalcem in tudi vsem nam, ki s parkom »dihamo«, da smo v sozvočju z naravo, da gradimo na odgovorni ponudbi, ki ima dolgoročno vizijo. Nekoliko ohlapno citirana definicija Svetovne komisije za okolje in razvoj pri Združenih narodih pravi, da je trajnostni razvoj oblika razvoja ali napredka, ki zadovoljuje potrebe sedanjosti brez ogrožanja zmogljivosti prihodnjim generacijam za zadovoljevanje njihovih potreb. Želimo si, da bi utrip turizma postal močan, enakomeren in nemoteč, kot bitje srca, ki se ga večino časa sploh ne zavedamo. Jana Martinčič, dipl. org. turizma - vodja Službe za organizacijo obiska in trženje dejavnosti parka, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Park developed nevv ofiFers and con ten ts, which were completed during the fmalization steps and further re-shaped according to the needs arising. With the activities of the Public Agency it be-came clear that tourism in the protected area must be properly treated and directed tovvards sustainability. The Škocjanske Jame Park presents one of the corner-stones of tourist offer of the Kras region and is the most famous tourist attraction in the Divača commune. Tourist offer of the Park started to expand according to the directions of the park activity, however ali time the main goal of the management re-mained the protection and conservation of nature and cultural heritage. To enlarge the scope of the tourist activities, the visitors were offered nevv contents combined vvith various adventures that were supported by an oriented marketing and were aimed at an increase of heritage avvareness among the general public . Regardless of these nevv offers, the majority of the visitors stili decide to join the guided visit to the cave. Such a visit starts in the Visitors Centre, continues to the Globočak collapse doline and through the artificial passage to the caves proper: the first . reached is called Paradiž (part of the Tiha jama), follovved by the j descent over Kalvarija to the Velika Dvorana, vvhere gigantic spe-leothems are encountered, and continued by the stroll along the organs to Šumeča jama. There, the visitors are captivated by the huge underground canyon stili being shaped by the Reka River. The path leads further through the canyon, high above the river; past massive gours back again to the daylight reached at the bot-tom of Velika Dolina. For the exit from the cave system there are two options the tourists can choose from: either by an elevator or by a footpath over the natural arch betvveen Velika and Mala Dolina. The guiding through the cave system and the Park is executed by skilled guides. For visiting the karst phenomena on the surface as well as for the observation of the typical appear-ance and characteristics of the villages in the Park, a self-guiding nature trail around Škocjan is available. The nature trail is sign-posted by a stylised drop easing the orientation of vvalkers; ad-ditionally it is equipped by explanation boards in Slovenian and English. In the autumn 1999 vvithin the cultural heritage the ethnological collection "From Grain to Bread" was displayed. The exhibition is housed in the restored J'kopinov Skedenj. The Park bought the ruin, restored and enlivened it vvith an array of different contents. By an analogous procedure the collection "Flistory of Cave Exploration" in Jurjeva Štala came to life; in the entirely restored Delež homestead the exhibition plače is dedi-cated to the geological, natural-science, biological and archaeo-logical collections. In 2011 the offer for the Park visitors increased again by the opening of the part of the cave vvhere the Reka River dis-appears underground; this part vvas closed for visitors for the past 46 years. This part consists of the cave passages lying belovv Škocjan village, namely, Mahorčičeva jama, Mariničeva jama and Mala Dolina. In a vvarmer part of the year, vvhen the vvater level of the Reka River is usually lovver, the visitors may vvalk in this Part of the system on their own, vvithout guides. Because of the expanding our offer it vvas necessary to start vvith close monitor-ing of the visitors in the Park and thus the need that personnel are guides and nature protection rangers at the same time has arisen. The main task of the rangers is education and increasing avvareness of ali persons visiting the Park, additionally they may issue vvarnings to the offenders. The sustainable tourism evolu-tion is important for the development of the vvhole protected area. We endeavour to extend the development of tourism over the vvhole year, so that it is not only of seasonal nature, as we are avvare that daily maximums in the peak season present an important burden, not only to the environment, inhabitants and employees, but specially for the cave system itself. In the last six years we implemented a nevv booking system thus regulating the visits of groups of visitors according to the hours and days. The nevv procedure, namely the fact that groups of visitors vvishing to visit the cave have to announce their intention in advance and firmly stick to the confirmed res-ervation time is already yielding positive results. A nevv achieve-ment allovving the whole-year activity is a nevv promotion-con-gress centre vvhich is housed in a restored house representing a cultural monument. The Centre vvill promote nevv, high-quality contents. Beside our nevv tourist offers developed in the years since the Park establishment, on our initiative and together vvith the private assistance in the protected area (comprising of only three villages) three houses vvere restored and vvith their offers (rooms and fiats lending, inn-keeping on a tourist farm) help to co-create the tourist pulse in the Park. In the buffer zone in the Reka River basin there are also some possibilities of such and similar activity. Our main čare related to the sustainable development isestablishinga nature-friendly type of visit vvhich in a long term means that it has to become harmless, both to nature and peo-ple living there. Vet it must be economically viable and developed in a close connection vvith the local community so that people may help it evolve further and vvill also have an incentive to invest into its development. Such type of development ena-bles inhabitants, visitors and ali of us who vvork vvithin the Park to keep the harmony vvith nature, to create responsible offers vvith long-term Vision of sustainable development. Somevvhat loosely cited defmition of the VVorld Commission of Environment and Development at the United Nations says that sustainable development is a form of development or progress that meets the needs of today vvithout threatening the possibilities of the future generations to meet their needs. We wish that the tourism pulse in our Park becomes strong, steady and harmless, such as is the heartbeat of vvhich vve are usually not avvare, even though it is of vital importance for our survival. Jana Martinčič, Dipl. Org. Tourism - the Head of the Visit Organisation and the Park Marketing Service, Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia Imotski, Hrvaška. Fotografija: Arhiv JZ Park Škocjanske jame. Imotski, Croatia. Photo from theArchives Park Škocjanske Jame Skupna kandidatura za vpis Dinarskega krasa na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine DINARSKI KRAS Rosana Cerkvenik Svetovna zveza za varstvo narave (IUCN), ki ima tudi status svetovalnega telesa pri Odboru za svetovno dediščino, je že večkrat predlagala, naj bi se bogato naravo in z njo povezane kulturne vrednote Dinarskega krasa na ustrezen način uvrstile na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine. Klasični kras je v kategoriji kulturne krajine na predlog Slovenije od leta 1994 vpisan na Poskusni seznam svetovne dediščine. Zato Unescov Center za svetovno dediščino meni, da bi lahko Slovenija prevzela pobudo za dogovor o možni skupni kandidaturi. Tako je ob 18. mednarodni krasoslovni šoli »Klasični kras«, ki jo vsako leto organizira Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU, slovenski Urad za UNESCO junija 2010 organiziral prvo neformalno srečanje držav Dinarskega krasa. Temu sestanku je sledilo povabilo slovenskih ministrov za okolje dr. Roka Žarniča in kulturo Majde Širca tistim državam, ki so izrazile interes za projekt, in sicer Italiji, Hrvaški, Bosni in Hercegovini, Srbiji in Črni Gori. Vse so potrdile svoj interes za sodelovanje in pristopile k projektu. Kaj je Dinarski kras in katere so njegova izjemne vrednote? Dinarski kras je obširno kraško območje jugozahodne Evrope, poimenovano po gori Dinara med Hrvaško ter Bosno in Hercegovino. Razteza se od Doberdob-skega krasa na severozahodu do Skadarskega jezera na jugovzhodu ter od Panonske nižine na severu in vzhodu do Jadranskega morja in njegovih otokov na jugu v dolžini 650 km in širini 150 km. S svojimi več kot 60.000 km2 je največje sklenjeno kraško območje v Evropi in eno največjih na svetu. Vrednote Dinarskega krasa se kažejo v različnih oblikah in v presežnikih. Dinarski kras oblikujejo različne pokrajine, od podmorskih in morskih območij, obsežnih travnikov in planot do visokih gora. Posebno poznane in izrazite so kraške oblike - številna polja, udor-nice, uvale, vrtače in jame, pa tudi mikro kraške oblike, kot so žlebiči, škraplje in druge korozijske oblike. Dinarski kras zaznamuje tudi specifična kraška hidrologija. Common Candidature to Inscribe Dinaric Karst into the VVorld Heritage List at UNESCO Dinaric Karst Rosana Cerkvenik The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), having a status of a Consulting body at the Committee for VVorld Heritage, suggested seve ral times already that the rich nature and inter-connected cultural values of Dinaric Karst should be inscribed in an appropriate way into the UNESCO list of vvorid heritage. Since 1994, on the initiative of Slovenja, the Classical Karst is inscribed within the category of cultural landscapeasa part ofthe Experimental ListofWorld Heritage. Therefore the UNESCO Centre for VVorld Heritage suggests that Slovenia should take the initiative to reach an agreement for a possible common candidature. Such was the occasion in June 2010 during the 181*1 International Karsto-logical School »Classical Karst« (organized every year by the Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU at Postojna), vvhen the Slovenian Bureau for UNESCO organized the first informal meeting on Dinaric Karst of the countries concerned. This meeting was followed by the invitation ofthe Slovenian Minister of Environment and Physical Planning Dr. Roko Žarnic and Slovenian Minister of Culture Majda Širca to the countries that expressed the interest for this project; these were ltaly, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montene-gro. Ali of them confirmed their interest to co-operate and joined to the project. What is Dinaric Karst and vvhich are its outstanding values? Dinaric Karst is a vast karst region of the south-west-ern Europe named after the mountain Dinara located betvveen Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina. It stretches from the karst of Doberdo at the north-west to the Skadar Lake at the south-east and from the Pannonian plain on the north and east to the Adriatic Sea and its islands on the south. It has an approximate length of 650 km and vvidth of 150 km. With more than 60.000 km2 it is the largest complex karst region in Europe and one of the largest in the vvorid. The values ofthe Dinaric Karst are represented in vari-ous forms and superlatives. Dinaric Karst is manifested via dif-ferent landscapes, from undersea and Coastal regions, vast grass-lands and plateaus to the high mountains. Especially knovvn and famous are its karst features - numerous poljes, collapse dolines, uvalas, dolines and caves, but also micro-karst features such as solution flutes, lapies and other corrosion features. Dinaric Karst contains an extensive and complex karst-specific drainage sys-tem. The underground drainage system consists of more than 10.000 caves; superficial water is present and appears in a form of numerous sinking streams, in swallow-holes and springs (even . t < Izvir Bune, Bosna in Hercegovina. Fotografija: Rosana Cerkvenik. The Buna spring, Bosnia and Hercegovina. Photo by Rosana Cerkvenik Vela Draga, Hrvaška-Fotografija: Borut Peric. Vela Draga, Croatia. Photo by Borut Peric Livanjsko polje, Bosna in Hercegovina. Fotografija: Rosana Cerkvenik. Livanjsko Polje, Bosnia and Hercegovina. Photo by Rosana Cerkvenik Podzemni odtok je oblikoval več kot 10.000 jam na tem območju, površinska voda je prisotna v obliki številnih ponikalnic, v ponorih in izvirih (tudi podmorskih), na kraških poljih in dnu udornic. V absolutnih presežnikih se Dinarski kras kaže tudi v podzemnih favni, saj velja, da je najbogatejša regija pravih jamskih živalskih vrst na svetu s številnimi endemiti. Na svetovni zemljevid je Dinarski kras postavljen tudi zaradi pionirskih raziskav jam in sploh razvoja krasoslovja kot znanosti. Ne nazadnje se pomen krasa kaže v tem, da uveljavljeni mednarodni izraz »karst« izhaja prav s tega območja, kakor tudi poimenovanja številnih kraških pojavov. Človek je od vedno navezan na naravne značilnosti krasa, kar se kaže tudi v njegovem življenju in kulturni dediščini Dinarskega krasa. Številna arheološka in druga najdišča kažejo na človekovo prisotnost na tem območju od obdobja paleolitika naprej. Kulturna dediščina krasa je v veliki meri navezana na prilagoditev na odsotnost površinskih voda, na tehniške naprave na kraških poljih in na podobno. Na območju Dinarskega krasa so tri lokacije, ki so že vpisane na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine. To so: Škocjanske jame v Sloveniji, Plitvička jezera na Hrvaškem in narodni park Durmitor v Črni Gori. Skupna kandidatura, o kateri se dogovarjamo, naj bi sodila v kategorijo transnacionalne serijske mešane nominacije. To pomeni, da bo vanjo vključenih več reprezentativnih lokacij in pojavov v več državah z ob- močja Dinarskega krasa, in sicer tako naravnih vrednot kot kulturne dediščine. Uvrstitev na Unescov Seznam svetovne dediščine ima več pogojev in zahtev, ki so hkrati tudi prednosti. Predvsem velja poudariti, da se v postopku identificirajo in z mednarodnimi merili ovrednotijo tiste lokacije in pojavi, ki so pomembni za ves svet oziroma za vse človeštvo, ne le za posamezno državo. Še pred vpisom mora biti nominirana dediščina ustrezno stro- J kovno in administrativno urejena in zavarovana. Zagotovljena morata biti učinkovito upravljanje in trajen : nadzor (monitoring). Ker postane prepoznavno tudi v | svetovnem merilu, dobi celotno območje nominacije iz- : jemno razvojno priložnost. Priprava tako zahtevne in obsežne dokumenta- I cije je velik izziv in verjamemo, da mu bomo s skupnimi močmi in znanjem tudi kos. Park Škoq'anske jame je bil povabljen v projekt kot vodilni partner in je po dogovoru prevzel koordinacijo dela v Sloveniji, kakor tudi koordinacijo skupnega dela vseh držav. Vabilu pa so se že odzvali slovenski strokovnjaki z različnih področij, ki sodelujejo v delovni skupini, ki pripravlja vsebino za slovenski del, in odboru za spremljanje priprav. Rosana Cerkvenik, univ. dipl. geografka -koordinatorka projekta UNESCO Dinarski kras, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija under-sea), on karst poljes and at the bottom of the collapse dolines. In absolute superlatives Dinaric Karst excels by its un-derground fauna as it is known that this is the richest region of true cave animal species of the whole vvorld and consequently it includes a lot of endemic species. Dinaric Karst appears on the global map also due to the pioneer research of caves and karst and thus it was crucial for the promotion. This was the region that initiated the kars-tology as a Science. Finally the importance of Dinaric Karst is proved by the fact that the international term "karst" derives from the name of this region together with many other terms of karstological features. Inhabitants are always attached to the natural proper-ties of their region, in the Dinaric Karst this is nicely reflected in their life-style and in the cultural heritage. Many archaeological and other finding places evidence the human presence in the area since the Paleolithic. Cultural heritage of Dinaric Karst is linked in an important way to the evolution of adaptation to the absence of superficial water, yielding ingenious technical Solutions applied on karst poljes and some other similar characteristics. In the region of Dinaric Karst there are three locations already inscribed into the List of VVorld Heritage at UNESCO. These are: Škocjanske Jame in Slovenia, Plitvička jezera in Croatia and natural park Durmitor in Montenegro. The common candidature under discussion vvould represent a trans-national category of serial mixed nomination. It means that more representative locations and phenomena in rnany countries from the region of Dinaric Karst vvould be in-duded comprising both natural and cultural heritage. To obtain the inscription on the UNESCO List of World Heritage there are several conditions and requirements,that are also advantageous to the environment itself. It must be stressed that during the procedure the locations and phenomena of global importance are identified and evaluated by international measures. The phenomena should be important for ali human-kind and not only for a single State. Before the inscription, the nominated heritage must be adequately administratively pro-tected and professionally organized. An efficient management and permanent monitoring must be guaranteed. As the area is recognized on a global scale the whole area of nomination ob-tains an extraordinary development occasion. The preparation of the extremely demanding and vast documentation is a great challenge and we hope that with joint forces we shall succeed. The Park Škocjanske Jame was invited into the project as the leading partner and by an agreement it is responsible for the coordination of work in Slovenia and also for the coordination of common work of ali the countries. Slovenian experts from various fields are collaborating in the frame of a vvorking group; they have already provided successful ansvvers to the most important issues and furthermore, they are preparing the necessary contents for the Slovenian part of the application. Rosana Cerkvenik, Univ. Dipl. Geographer -coordinator of the Project UNESCO Dinaric Karst, Public Service Agency Škocjanske jame Park, Slovenia Program varstva in razvoja Parka Škocjanske jame v obdobju 2011-2015 RAZVOJ PARKA V PRIHODNJE Borut Peric V povzetku novega programa varstva in razvoja Parka Škocjanske jame za obdobje 2011 -2015 je zapisano: »Dolgoročna vizija parka je vzpostavitev stanja, ki bo zagotavljalo harmonijo med varstvenimi in razvojnimi interesi v parku, vplivnem območju in kraški regiji z vključevanjem lokalnega prebivalstva ter prispevalo k prepoznavnosti parka na vseh ravneh delovanja«. Lepo zapisano! Marsikdo bi se s tem strinjal, vendar je treba že na začetku povedati, da je do izpolnitve takšne vizije dolga in trnova pot. Ljudje smo si različni; naši pogledi, želje in interesi tudi; aktivnosti, ki se v parku izvajajo, pa so plod številnih usklajevanj. Park je vpet v številne lokalne, državne in mednarodne sfere, saj smo odgovorni tako Ministrstvu R Slovenije za okolje, mednarodnim organizacijam, na primer UNESCO in Europarc, pa tudi lokalni skupnosti in predvsem prebivalcem, ki v parku in njegovi okolici živijo. Usklajevati interese tako različnih in številnih deležnikov je včasih lahko zelo naporno in nemogoče je, da bi bile rešitve vedno všečne vsem. Če je na primer preveliko število turistov nekomu trn v peti, pri čemer ima do svojega mnenja seveda vse pravice, lahko drugemu predstavlja turizem osnovni ali dodaten vir zaslužka. Dojemanje obiskovanja parka je subjektivno, dejstvo pa je, da je prvi turist obiskal jame že pred skoraj dvesto leti in da je od konca 19. stoletja naprej turizem močno zaznamoval vasi v parku ter način življenja v njih. Vsekakor je dolžnost Javnega zavoda Park Škocjanske jame, kot upravljavca zavarovanega območja, da s skrbno pretehtanimi odločitvami bistveno pripomore k okolju prijaznemu razvoju tega območja. Če je bil razvoj parka v prvih petnajstih letih usmerjen bolj v obnovo in gradnjo njegove osnovne infrastrukture, ki omogoča kvalitetno delo zavoda, bo v prihodnje več poudarka na uresničevanju naravovarstvenih vsebin, saj se je število obiskovalcev od ustanovitve parka in prevzema jam v upravljanje do danes \ Žal naselja v parku še nimajo urejenega skupnega zbiranja • in čiščenja odpadnih vod - Fotografija: Borut Lozej Unfortunately, the villages within the Park do notyethave a common waste-water collection and purification plant. Photo by Borut Lozej The Programme of Protection and Development of the Škocjanske Jame Regional Park from 2011 to 2015 The Park's Development in the Future Borut Peric In the summary of the Programme Protection and Development of the Škocjanske Jame Park from 2011 to 2015 is vvrit-ten: »Long-term vision of the park aims to install the situ-ation that provides the harmony betvveen protection and development interests in the Park, in its buffer zone and in the karst region by including the local inhabitants and con-tributing to the ‘Identification of the park at ali levels of its activity«. Nicely written! Many a person would agree, but at the beginning one has to say that the road to fulfil such a vision is a long and difhcult one. People differ; our aspects, wishes and interests differ as well; activities executed in the park are results of many compromises. The Park is included into several local, State and international spheres, consequently the management is responsible to the Ministry of Environment and Physical Plan-ning of the Republic of Slovenia and to various international or-ganizations, such as UNESCO and Europarc but also to the local community and especially to the inhabitants living in the Park and in its vicinity. It is often very demanding to coordinate the interests of so different and numerous parties. And it is impos- sible to expect that the Solutions offered will always be pleasant to everybody. For example, ifsomeone objects to a high number of tourists (he has ali the rights to have such a personal opinion), it is, on the other hand, necessary to remember that tourism may be the most important (or at least an additional) source of income to somebody else. To visit the park and how to organize the visit is, of course, a personal choice. Though the fact remains that the first tourists visited the caves almost two hundred years ago and since the end of the 19^ century tourism had an important impact on the villages in the park and on the way of life in them. In any čase the obligation of the Public Service Agency Park Škocjanske Jame as the manager of the protected area is to provide the sustainable development of this area by decisions that always have to be carefully studied and evaluated. In the first fifteen years the development of the Park was mostly oriented towards the restoration and construction of its basic infrastructure, providing adeguate working condi-tions of the institution. In the future, however, the nature protection contents have to be stressed more - one should not forget that the number of visitors since the foundation of the Park has doubled; consequently, the number of employees of podvojilo. Posledice takšnega povečanja budno spremljamo in lahko se zgodi, da bo kmalu treba sprejeti omejitvene ukrepe, bodisi z bolj enakomernim prerazporejanjem obiskovalcev na vse leto, oziroma v mesece, ko je to najbolj primerno z vidika varstva narave, bodisi z omejevanjem dnevnih obiskovalcev na število, ki ne bo preveč obremenjujoče za okolje. Tudi zaradi vsega tega je treba narediti načrt ureditve jame, iz katerega bo razvidno, kako bo potekal obisk v prihodnje, tako smer kot način, kako posodobiti razsvetljavo v jami, kje in na kakšen način bo potekala prenova jamskih poti, z ograjami in mostovi, ter predvsem, kateri deli jame so primerni za obisk in katere bo treba strogo varovati. Podlaga za pripravo takšnega načrta so znanstvene raziskave in spremljanje razmer ter stanja v jamah. Nalog in aktivnosti za uresničitev glavnih ciljev, ki smo si jih zadali za naslednje petletno obdobje, je veliko. Njihovo uspešnost bomo merili na koncu tega obdobja. Na tem mestu lahko naštejemo cilje: 1. cilj: Ohranjanje Škocjanskih jam in drugega podzemnega sveta 2. cilj: Ohranjanje ugodnega stanja naravnih vrednot, živalskih in rastlinskih vrst ter habitatnih tipov 3. cilj: Sodelovanje pri varstvu kulturne dediščine in ohranjanje kulturne krajine 4. cilj: Razvijanje okolju prijaznega obiskovanja parka ter širjenje zavesti o parku 5. cilj: Krepitev vključevanja lokalnega prebivalstva v razvoj dejavnosti in aktivnosti v parku 6. cilj: Krepitev vloge upravljavca parka na širšem območju parka (vplivno in prehodno območje) 7. cilj: Učinkovitejše upravljavčevo delovanje in mednarodno sodelovanje Za posamezne naloge smo seveda predvideli tudi roke izvedbe, oceno stroškov, vire financiranja, sodelavce, ki bi nam pri tem lahko pomagali, ter naj- pomembnejše označili kot prednostne. Program varstva in razvoja je sedaj v medresorskem usklajevanju, sledi njegov sprejem v vladi R Slovenije, sprejme in potrdi pa ga Državni zbor R Slovenije. Iz tega dokumenta izhajajo tudi letni načrti zavoda, zato je še toliko bolj pomembno, da je usklajen na lokalni in državni ravni. Na ta način se lahko izognemo marsikateri slabi volji, nastajajoče probleme, oziroma takšne, ki se pojavijo na novo, pa je treba reševati sproti in strpno. Poleg že omenjenih načrta ureditve jam in ovrednotenja nosilne zmogljivosti jam in površinskega dela parka za konec navajam še nekatere naloge, ki smo si jih za naslednje petletno obdobje določili za prednostne. Te so: podrobno popisati vodno in kopensko favno v Škoqanskih jamah, sodelovati pri pripravi načrta in dokumentacije o odvajanju, zbiranju in čiščenju odpadnih voda iz naselij v parku, sodelovati pri odkrivanju in vzpostavitvi evidence potencialnih onesnaževalcev reke Reke, sodelovati pri spremljanju stanja redkih in ogroženih vrst in habitatov, popisati območja invazivnih tujerodnih rastlin in pripraviti načrt za njihovo omejevanje ali odstranitev, zagotoviti inventarizacijo ptic v parku, obnoviti kulturni spomenik Matavun št. 8 in v njem urediti promocijsko-kongresni center, organizirati tematska predavanja, strokovne ekskurzije in delavnice za lokalno prebivalstvo in za ostalo zainteresirano javnost, sodelovati v tradicionalnih in ostalih aktivnostih TD Škocjan (Pohod ob ponoru Reke, Škoq’anski festival ...), s katerimi se predstavlja zavarovano območje in podpira cilje za ohranjanja narave, in jih sofinancirati, ter oblikovati pogoje za trženje proizvodov in storitev pod registrirano znamko parka. Borut Peric, univ. dipl. geograf - Služba za raziskovanje in razvoj, JZ Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija V naslednjem petletnem obdobju bo med drugim poudarek tudi na trženju lokalnih proizvodov. Fotografija: Jan Gombač. In the following five-yearperiod the trading of local products will also be important. Photo by Jan Gombač ( S ^Pr - kW:' 1 S feki...*,:,ya Park bo tudi v prihodnje stremel k mednarodnemu sodelovanju, ki je doslej obrodilo številne sadove. Fotografija: Borut Peric Also in future the Park aims to the International cooperation vvhich already gave numerous positive results. Photo by Borut Peric the management of the caves in the same period has doubled, too. The consequences of such an increase are easily observed and it may happen that sooner or later some limiting measures vvill need to be undertaken. Such possibilities are either trying to distribute the visitors evenly o ver the vvhole year or, at least during the months vvhen this would be most efficient from the viewpoint of the nature protection. It would also be possible to limit the daily number of visitors to an adequate number. These problems also require a ca ref ul plan to rearrange the cave visit in such a way as to h a ve a clear vision of the future visitors pat-terns, including ali, the direction and the way how to modern-ize the illumination in the cave, vvhere and how to restore the cave walkways, railings and bridges and especially which parts of che cave are suitable for visiting and which must be strictly protected and thus closed to the tourists. The initial base-points to prepare such a plan are scientific research and monitoring ac-tivities of the conditions in the caves. There are many tasks and activities that have to be real-ized in the coming five years to achieve the main goals. Perfor-mance report will be produced at the end of this period. For now we can only list our goals: 1. To conserve integrity of Škocjanske Jame and under-ground world elsewhere. 2. To conserve favourable State of the natural values, of the animal and plant species and of various habitat types. 3. To cooperate to protect cultural heritage and to conserve cultural landscape. 4. To develop nature-friendly visits of the Park and to spread the awareness of the vulnerability of the Park's ecosystems. 5. To intensify the cooperation of the local inhabitants in the development and implementation of the activities of the Park. 6. To intensify the role of the Park management in a vvider area of the Park (buffer and transitional zone). 7. To increase the efficiency of the activities of the management and to strengthen the international cooperation. For each of these tasks we have foreseen the time schedule, we have estimated the costs, sources of finances and we additionally identified the possible collaborators who will be able to help us. Additionally, we marked each of these tasks with the appropriate priority level. The programme of protection and development has now under-gone an inter-departmental co-ordination, that should be followed by the acceptance by the government of Republic of Slovenia and by its confirmation by the Parliament. This document contains ali of the annual insti-tutionš plans; therefore it is even more important that it is ap-propriately co-ordinated at the local and the State level. Only by such a way we can avoid bad spirits and potential problems that may arouse in the future and have to be solved vvithout hesita-tion, but always with the utmost tolerance. Besides already mentioned plans to prepare the cave for the future and to estimate the critical number of visitors in the caves and on the surface of the Park let me cite some other tasks that are also among our priority goals in the future five-year period: to make a detailed list of aquatic and superficial fauna in Škocjanske Jame, to co-operate at the preparation of plans and documentation related to drainage, collection and purifkation of waste waters from the settlements in the Park, to co-operate at identifying and founding the evidence of potential pollutant sources of the Reka river, to co-operate at the monitoring of rare or endangered species and their habitats, to catalogue the area s of invasive foreign plants and to prepare the plan for their limitation or total elimination, to ensure the re-cording the birds in the Park, to restore the homestead Matavun No. 8 vvhich is a cultural monument and to organize inside it a promotion and congress centre, to organize thematic lectures, Professional excursions and vvorkshops for local inhabitants and other public interested, to co-operate in the traditional festivals and other activities of the Škocjan Tourist Society (Hike to the Reka swallow-hole, The Škocjan Festival...). Ali these activities present and promote the protected area and support the goals for nature preservation, help to co-finance them and also create possibilities to trade the products and Services under the regis-tered trade mark of the Park. Borut Peric, Univ. Dipl. Geographer - Research and Development Department, Public Service Agency Škocjanske Jame Park, Slovenia RAZMIŠLJANJE DOMAČINKE O JAVNEM ZAVODU PARK ŠKOCJANSKE JAME Katja Fedrigo Na splošno lahko rečem, da je bilo dosedanje petnajstletno delovanje Javnega zavoda Park Škocjanske jame uspešno, saj so rezultati očitni. Seveda pa ni vse v infrastrukturi. Ta je vidna, ker je otipljiva in zadosti pogledu vsakega laika. Včasih pa se večji pomen skriva v strategijah in načrtih, ki so zelo pomembni za poznejše posege v prostor. Verjamem, da bi predhodna raziskava marsikdaj prispevala k izogibu »brcam v temo«. Če vemo, kam gremo in katera pot je prava, je vse lažje, uspešnejše in kvalitetnejše. Čeprav so bile skozi oči domačinov opazne pomanjkljivosti, te izhajajo iz nekonstruktivnega (tudi neobstoječega) preteklega odnosa med vodstvom zavoda in ljudmi, ki na tem območju živimo. Veliko lažje bi se ljudje poistovetili in sprejeli vsako novo strukturo, če bi lahko prispevali k razvoju ideje in če bi imeli možnost povedati svoj vidik, ki ga nekdo drug mogoče ne opazi; posebej še, če prihaja od drugod in ne pozna vseh posebnosti ter čarobnosti teh krajev. Medsebojno sodelovanje, povezovanje in upoštevanje ljudi, ki v parku Škocjan- ske jame živimo, je ključ do uspešnega delovanja zavoda tudi v prihodnje. Osnovna in glavna dejavnost Parka Škocjanske jame je varovanje okolja, ključ za preživetje pa je turizem. Množičnega turizma si resnično nihče ne želi (tudi vodstvo zavoda ne), vendar če hočemo govoriti o uravnoteženem, kakovostnem trajnostnem razvoju turizma, potem je lokalno prebivalstvo pravzaprav tisto zrcalo, ki edino lahko relevantno vrednoti ugled turizma. Usmeritve za trajnostni razvoj turizma baje govorijo v prid takšnemu razvoju turizma, ki ga lokalna skupnost sprejme in se zanj zavestno odloči. To je namreč pogoj za oblikovanje turistu prijazne destinacije, saj se obenem ohranja prednost osnovne dejavnosti - kulturna identiteta, nujni okoljski procesi in biološka diverziteta. Z zadovoljstvom opazujem, kako naš kraj živi, se razvija in bogati..., vendar, ali gre v pravi smeri? Katja Fedrigo, domačinka iz Matavuna, park Škocjanske jame Thoughts of a Local Inhabitant about the Public Agency of Škocjanske Jame Regional Park Katja Fedrigo In general I can say that the 15 years of the Public Agency Škocjanske Jame Park vvas successful and its results are obvi-ous. Of course, infrastructure is not the only important thing. This is visible and appreciated on every step, furthermore it can be obvious to everyone, those not familiar ivith the Park. Hoivever, sometimes an even more important meaning is hid-den in the strategy and plans ivhich are essential for the later interventions into the area. I believe that the preliminary re-search could contribute to avoid making ivrong decisions and doing things blindly. If we knoiv the direction we are heading to and if ive are able to choose the right way, everything is easier, more successful and the results better. Looking through the eyes of the local inhabitants there ivere some imperfections, mainly due to a non-constructive (and sometimes even non-existent) previous relation between the man-agement of the Agency and the population living in this area. It would be much easier for people to identify and accept any nevv structure if they wouid prior to that had the opportunity to contribute to the idea of its development. Even more so if they would have the possibility to express their vievvs. Because exactly these vievvs might often not be obvious to the others; in particular ifthe other party comesfrom elsevvhere and is not avvare of ali the pe- culiarities and magic ofthis plače. Mutual cooperation, association and acknovvledging the human component would contribute to make better living in the Škocjanske jame Park and vvould be the key issuefor successful vvork ofthe Agency in thefuture. The core activity of the Škocjanske Jame Park is protec-tion of the environment and safeguarding its survival, a key to this succes is tourism. Nobody vvishes mass tourism (including the Park's management) but if we strive to a balanced tourism, emphasising its qualityfor the sustainable development, than the local inhabitants are the only party who is able and competent to evaluate the true value of the tourism in a relevant way. The orientation tovvards the sustainable tourism allegedly argues for a development that is accepted by the local community and con-sciously approved. This is the basic condition to create a tourist-friendly destination as this is the only way to preserve the main advantage of the basic activity simultaneously - cultural identity, ali the environment processes, necessary for its survival, and bio-logical diversity. With pleasure I observe how our plače lives, develops and gets richer... but is the direction vve are heading to the correct one? Katja Fedrigo, a local inhabitant living in Matavun village, Škocjanske Jame Park Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija -J-V Park Škocjanske jame ima tri pomembne nominacije: - Škocjanske jame so bile leta 1986 vpisane v Seznam svetovne kulturne in naravne dediščine pri UNESCU - leta 1999 so bile Škocjanske jame vpisane v Ramsarsko konvencijo kot prvo podzemno mokrišče na svetu - leta 2004 pa je bil Park Škocjanske jame vpisan kot Biosfemo območje Kras tudi v program MAB (Človek in biosfera). V Parku Škocjanske jame vas vabimo na ogled jamskega sistema, muzejskih zbirk, sprehod po učni poti in obisk novega promocijsko-kongresnega centra Pr Nanetovh. INFORMACIJE IN REZERVACIJE: Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Škocjan 2, SI - 6215 Divača Tel.: 00386 (0)5 70 82110 Faks: 00386 (0)5 70 82111 E-pošta: psj.info@psj.gov.si www.park-skocj anske-j ame.si The area of Škocjan Caves has three remarkable designations: - inscribed on the UNESCO VVorld Heritage List s inče 1986 - on the List of VVetlands of international importance since 1999 - on the international Netvvork of Biosphere Reserves (MAB) since 2004. INFORMATION AND RESERVATIONS: Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija Škocjan 2, SI - 6215 Divača Tel.: 00386 (0)5 70 82110 Fax: 00386 (0)5 70 82111 e-mail: psj.info@psj.gov.si www.park-skocjanske-jame.si ■ The Škocjan Caves Park invites you to: - visit the cave system - explore the park on education trail - visit museum collections - and the new Promotion and Congress Centre Pr Nanetovh. AdriaticSlovenica Zavarovalna družba dd. • Članica Skupine KD Group nnn BANKA KOPER VINAKRAS SEŽANA ^ Elita ib d o o. projektiranje jngcn|r;ng trgovina 6210 Sežana. Kosovelova 4b TISKARNA /E/.KOPER komunalno stanovanjsko podjele U Si želite take sproščenosti in brezskrbnosti? ,---- Potem suoje prihranke zaupajte nam. Prepričani smo namreč, da si zaslužite življenje brez skrbi. To je tudi razlog, zaradi katerega se trudimo, da bi na najboljši način upravljali z vašimi prihranki. Pozorno prisluhnemo vašim željam, zato vam lahko ponudimo take rešitve, ki so hkrati enostavne, varčne in učinkovite. Razlikujemo se tudi v tem! ZKB 1908 credito cooperativo del carso zadružna kraška banka n. N-