OTpaxeHHe hckotopmx 0C06eHH0CTen nocTpoeHnn 3arOBOpHOH KapTHHbl MHpa B CTpyKTypHOH opraHH3auHH TeKCTa (Ha MaTepna^e ^htobckhx
3ar0B0p0B)
Mapm 3aebMAoea
By employing discourse analysis, the author investigates world images as they are expressed in invocations with Lithuanians, and concludes that these invocations have much in common with primeval magic thinking.
3arOBOpbi, KaK OflHH ^OlbKIOpHbix xaHpOB, CBH3aHHbix C MHpOM MarHH, He MOryT He 3aHHTepecOBaTb HCCie^OBaTeiH, CTpeMH^erocH nocTHnb 3ara^KH apxaHnHoro MbimaeHHH neiOBeKa. HeCOMHeHHO, o6^He npHHnHnbi, Ha kotophx OCHOBaHa CTpyKTypa 3aroBopoB, HMeroT MHoro o6^ero C 0C06eHH0CTHMH nepBo6biTHoro mh^oio-rHnecKoro MHmneHHa. O^hoh h3 TaKHx 0C06eHH0CTeH, HanpHMep, HBiHeTCH Tpe6oBaHHe K0HKpeTH3anHH b o6o3HaneHHH npe^MeTOB, 0TpaxeHH0e b H3HKax Ty3eMneB, h neTKOH "HHBeHTapH3anHH" h ynopH^onHBaHHH npe^MeTOB. KaK OTMenaeT K. .HeBH-Grpoc, "Tpe60BaHHe nopfl^Ka iexHT b OCHOBaHHH MHmneHHa, Ha3biBaeMoro nepB06HTHHM,... npH HapymeHHH, xoth 6h #axe MbicieHHOM, 3Toro 0Ka3aiCH 6h pa3pymeHHHM BeCb mhpoboh nopa^OK; cie^OBaTeibHO, Be^b, 3aHHMaH npHHaanexa^ee eH MeCTO, Cn0C06CTByeT nonepxaHHro ero." (.HeBH-Grpoc, 121) CTpeMieHHe k nonepxaHHro HeKOH HepapxHH h ynopH^oneHHOCTH mh bh^hm h b 3aroBopax, TaKoe "paccTaBieHHe BCero no MecTaM" ciyxHT BOccTaHOBieHHro MHpoBoro nopa^Ka, nTO He06x0^HM0 ma ^pyroro npHHnHna MH^oioranecKoro MbimieHHH -npHHnHna napranHnanHH. B. H. TonopoB, onHCHBaa CyTb 3Toro npHHnHna, no^nepKHBaeT, hto oh no^pa3yMeBaeT "oco6yro CBH3aHH0CTb, 3aBHCHM0CTb hih iaxe TOx^eCTBO Mex^y MaKp0K0CM0M h mhkpokocmom, npHpoioH h neiOBeKOM, rie neiOBeK KaK TaKOBOH - OflHH H3 KpaHHHx HnOCTaCHHx 3ieMeHT0B KOCMOIOrHneCKOH CxeMH." (MHM, I, 450) n0CK0ibKy neib 3ar0B0pa, KaK npaBHio, - BOCCTaHOBHTb yrpaneHHoe paBHOBeCHe b CHCTeMe - Heo6xoiHMbiM yCiOBHeM 3Toro HBiaeTCH nprneieHHe b nopa^OK BCex 3ieMeHT0B MHpo3^aHHH. BbTeKaro^HH H3 3Toro noioxeHHH npHHnHn Tox^eCTBa h noflo6HH HBiaeTCH HHCTpyMeHTOM, C n0M0^bro KOToporo ^OCTHraeTCH neib b 3ar0B0pe - nepe3 CHCTeMy BceoxBaTbiBaro^Hx CBH3eH BCe MoxeT 6biTb CBH3aH0 CO BCeM, npe^noiaraa iHHaMHnecKyro CHCTeMy npe06pa30BaHHH h H3MeHeHHH coctohhhh.
BbmeonHCaHHHe npHHnHnH cxoihh c 0C06eHH0CTHMH neiOBeneCKoro MHmieHHH B006^e. CpaBHeHHe, to ecTb yraepxieHHe noio6HH hih ToxiecTBa 3ieMeHT0B, b 3aroBope peaiH3yeTCH Ha 0CH0Be BbiieieHHH o6^ero npH3HaKa. 9tot
npH3HaK M0xeT ÖblTb MHHHMmbH0 y.H0BHMbiM C nepB0r0 B3mHfla, H0 fl0CTaT0HHbiM fltfH
oÖbeflHHeHHH 3^eMeHT0B b oahh K^acc. BcnoMHHM, KaK pe6eH0K b nponecce no3HaHHH MHpa HanHHaeT Ha3HBaTb oahhm h TeM xe mobom pa3HHe oÖbeKTbi, oÖbeflHHeHHbie Bcero oflHHM npH3HaK0M, HanpHMep, Bce npeflMera, oraHnaro^Heca np0fl0OT0BaT0H ^0pM0H H^H BCe, HT0 flBHxeTCH OTH H3flaeT n0X0XHH 3ByK. T0T xe npHHnHn no^oxeH B 0CH0By npH noCTpoeHHH p0fl0B0H CHCTeMb B H3HKaX npHMHTHBHblX Hap0fl0B (HanpHMep, pofl Kpyrabix npeflMeT0B h T.n.). BbimeyKa3aHHoe CTpeM^eHHe k K0HKpeTH3auHH oTMenaeTCH h y fleTeö: pe6eH0K He cpa3y yhhtch aöcTpaKTHbiM HaHMeHoBaHHHM, b HaHMe KaxfloMy H0B0My npeflMeTy oh CTapaeTCH nofloÖpaTb CBoe o6o3HaneHHe. To xe Mbi oTMenaeM h b 3aroBopax - fliHHHbie cnHCKH pa3H006pa3Hbix Ha3BaHHH 6o^e3Heö oth npHpoflHbix oöbeKToB c ne^bro MaKCHMMbHoö fleTMH3anHH h K0HKpeTH3auHH npeflMeT0B OTH HB^eHHH, htoöh ynoMHHyTb Kaxflyro pa3H0BHflH0cTb.
TaKHM 06pa30M, moxho Bbifle^HTb HeKoTopbie yHHBepca^bHHe npHHnHnbi nocTpoeHHH 3aroBopHHx TeKcToB, 06yc^0B^eHHHe MexaHH3MaMH nepBoÖHTHoro, MarHHecKoro h ne^0BenecKoro MHmieHHH BooÖ^e. 9th 3aK0H0MepH0cTH HeTpyflHo npoc^e^HTb Ha ypoBHe pa3BepTbiBaHHH croxeTa, oflHaKo He MeHee HHTepecHo hx npoHB^eHHe Ha ypoBHe cTpyKTypHoö opraHH3anHH TeKcTa: b cHHTaKcHce, Mop^o^orHH,
c^0B006pa30BaHHH H ^0HeTHKe.
HTaK, ochobhoh npHHnHnHMbHoö ocoÖeHHocTbro 3aroBopHoro TeKcTa HB^HeTCH, KaK yxe oTMenarocb, cTpeM^eHHe k Bocco3flaHHro eflHHcTBa MHpa, k ^^octhoh h 3aMKHyT0H cTpyKType. 9toh ne^H c^yxaT BceB03M0xHbie noBTopbi, KaK Ha ypoBHe cBepx^pa30Boro eflHHcTBa, TaK h b npefleflax 0TfleflbH0H cHHTarMH hah 0TfleflbH0H ^eKceMH.
HacTo noBTopn peaflH3yrotch b BHfle napHHx cHHTaKcHHecKHx kohctpykuhh, co3^aro^Hx 3^^eKT 3aBepmeHHocTH. B 0flH0M npeflfloxeHHH MoxeT noBTopHTbcH rpaMMaTHHecKoe o^opMAeHHe npeflHKaTa, HanpHMep, hah 0flHHaK0Bbie ^opMynbi c pa3HHM cmhcaobhm HanoflHeHHeM: Sventa Apolonija dantc neturéjo, jai per kancias visi subiréjo. Per jos kancias dzidziausias, per josios aseras svenciausias, Dzievo leidzimu, mano lie-pimu tegul sitoj druskelé, Apolonijos vardu uzkalbéta, N dantc skousmc numarina. Amen. Amen. Amen. 'CBHTaH Atoaohhh 3y6oB He HMefla, y Hee H3-3a MyK Bce BbicbinaflHcb. Hepe3 ee orpoMHbie MyKH, Hepe3 ee cBHTHe cfle3bi, c n03B0fleHHH Bora, no MoeMy noBe^eHHro nycTb 3Ta coflb, HMeHeM Atoaohhh 3aroBopeHHaa, npeKpaTHT Ö0Ab 3y6oB' (Krévé-Mick-evicius, p. 506, NXII); Saulé saulé, ménuo ménesiu, zemé zeme, upé upe! Nueik tu, gyvate, skradu zeme! 'CoAHne coah^, Mecan MecaneM, 3eMAH 3eMAeö, peKa peKoft! HflH th, 3MeH, cKB03b 3eMAro!' (LT, p. 895, N 9283). K napHocTH cTpeMHTcH h HoMHHauHH, o6pa3yro^He HHorfla cA0B00Öpa30BaTeAbHbie HHHoBauHH: Ciuzu ciuzute, slamu slamute: kam pasmaugei mano dukteri irpadéjaipo akmeniu kaip suri?... (LT, p. 896, N 9289).
noBTopbi oflHoro h Toro xe npeflHKaTa MoryT cflyxHTb raaBHoft ocbro cTpyKTypbi 3aroBopoB, HanpHMep: Azuzadu nuo kirmélés baltam arkliui. Nekencia tavgssaulé, nekencia tavcs ménuo, nekencia tavcs zvaigzdés, nekencia tavcs dangus, nekencia tavcs pati, nekencia tavcs vyras, nekencia tavcs vaikai, nekencia tavcs visa pamilija, ir as tavcs nekenciu. Amen, amen, amen. '3aroBapHBaro ot HepBH öe^oro kohh. HeHaBH^HT TeÖH comne, HeHaBH^HT TeÖH Mecan, HeHaBHflHT TeÖH 3Be3flH, HeHaBHflHT TeÖH Heöo, HeHaBHflHT TeÖH xeHa, HeHaBHflHT TeÖH Myx, HeHaBHflHT TeÖH fleTH, HeHaBHflHT TeÖH BcH ceMbH, H H TeÖH
HeHaBHxy. AMHHb, aMHHb, aMHHb.' (Mansikka, p. 77, N 59); Aukseli, sidabreli, eik namulio gulti. Saulé eina, ménas eina, niekam blédos nedaro, - eik namulio gulcie, eik namulio gulcie,
eik namulio gulcie. Amen, amen, amen. '*30i0TymKa, *cepe6pymKa, h^h ^omoh cnaTb. CoiHne H^eT, Mecan H^eT, HHKOMy Bpe^a He npHHHHaroT, - h^h #omoh cnaTb, h^h #omoh cnaTb, h^h flOMOH cnaTb.' (Mansikka, p. 79, N 66); Švinta Marija, pristok Plauké ilgauodegé par mares Svinta Marija neméga Juodas plaukas neméga Mano vardas neméga 'CBaTaa MapHa, npHSy^b, njibuia #jiHHH0XB0cTaa no Mopio CBaTaa MapHa He cnHT HepHbiii boioc He cnHT Moe HMa He cnHT' (LTR 3863). Biaro^apa noBTopy npe^HKaTa očteKTbi b 3thx npHMepax ciobho "npHBO^aTca k OflHOMy 3HaMeHaTeiro", opraHH3yroT HeKyro ynopafloneHHyro napa^Hray, hto n03B0iaeT s^^eKTHBHee npoTHBocToaTb xaocy Ha ^pyroM noiroce. n0-BH#HM0My, TaKHM 06pa30M moxho h npoTHBonoioxHbrn nepcoHax npHBecTH B cOOTBeTcTBHe co Bceo6^HM paBHOBecHeM.
^eñcTBeHHocTb noBTopoB MOxeT ycH^HBaTbca TaKxe hx KOimecTBOM, BHme yxe roBopn^ocb o napHocTH, 0flHaK0 He Bcer^a 3HanHM0 HMeHHO hhcio 2. npaKTHnecKH Bce 3ar0B0pH Tpe6yeTca noBTopaTb 3 hih 3x9 pa3. O^HaKO b nepenHcieHHax npeo6ia^aroT neTHHe HHcia: Ak tu, gyvate, gyvate, nekask keltuvos nei žmogaus. Nepriims tav^s dievas, ne-priims tav^s saulé, nepriims tav^s ménuo, nepriims tav^s zvaigzdés. Neprisiglausi tu nei ant sa-manc, neipo samanom, nei ant krümo, neipo krümu. Tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate, tu gyvate 'Ax th, 3Mea, 3Mea, He Kycañ hh xhbothhx, hh neiOBeKa. He npHMeT Te6a Bor, He npHMeT Te6a coiHne, He npHMeT Te6a Mecan, He npHMyT Te6a 3Be3^bi. He cnpanembca th hh Ha Mxy, hh no# mxom, hh Ha KycTe, hh nofl KycTOM. Th 3Mea... (9 pa3).' (LTR 3858 (442)). nepe^ HaMH cie^yromaa cxeMa noBTopoB: 2 - 2 - 4 - 4 (2x2) - 9. no-BH^HMOMy, 3to o6tacHaeTca TeM, hto neTHoe hhcio oco3HaeTca KaK 3aK0HneHHaa, 3aMKHyraa cTpyKTypa, oho 3^^eKTHBH0, Kor^a Tpe6yeTca onHcaTb cTaTHHHyro ^aHHocTb, 3amHmeHHyro ot np0HHKH0BeHHa. Tor^a KaK HeneTHoe hhcio (b ^aHHOM ciynae - 9) Bcer^a HanpaBieHHO, cHMB0iH3HpyeT ^HHaMHKy, y^ap, nepexofl Ha cieflyromHH 3Tan. noflo6HbiH npHMep mh bh^hm b eme o^hom 3ar0B0pe ot 3MeH: Urvine, negadink imonic! Tegul tavo galybz atima keturi véjai: šiaurinis, pietinis, vakarinis ir rytinis. Tegul tavo galybz atima Mozés lazda (su kuria iš akmenspadaré vandeni). Kaip išdžiovino jura, tegul tavo galybz atima. Saulé tegul tave nešviečia, ménuo tegul tave nešviečia. Tegul iškeikia tave dangus, iškeikia iemé, iškeikia tave vanduo, iškeikia ugnis, tegul iškeikia tave visi šventieji ir Švenčiausia Motina 'nemepHaa, He nopTb iro^eñ! nycTb TBoro cHiy OTHHMyT nerape BeTpa: ceBepHbiñ, mxhhi, 3ana#HbiH h boctohhhh. nycTb TBOio cHjiy OTHHMeT najiKa MoHcea (kotopoh H3 KaMHa c^ejiaji BO^y). KaK BbicyinHji Mope, nycTb tbom cHiy OTHHMeT. CoiHne nycTb Te6e He cBeTHT, Mecan nycTb Te6e He cBeTHT. nycTb npoKiaHeT Te6a He6o, npoKiaHeT 3eMia, npoKiaHeT Te6a BO^a, npoKiaHeT oroHb, nycTb npoKiaHyT Te6a Bce cBaTHe h npecBaTaa MapHa.' (Elisonas. Ropliai, p. 102, N XLVII). CxeMa TaKOBa: 1 - 4 - 3 (OTHHMeT) - 2 - 5 +1. Ha stom npHMepe bh^ho, hto naccHBHbix očmktob (BeTpbi, coiHne, Mecan) neTHoe hhcio, 0flHaK0 aKTHBHHX ^eñcTBHH (OTHHMeT, npOKjaHeT) - HeneTHOe. OČteKTbl npHpOflH B ^aHHOM ciynae KaK 6h o6pa3yroT MaranecKHH Kpyr, a ^eñcTBHe - bhxoa 3a npe^eibi Kpyra,
BTOpxeHHe HjH H3taTHe.
noBTopH h aHaiorHHHHe KOHcTpyKUHH MoryT KacaTbca He TOibKO o^Horo h Toro xe npe^HKaTa, napaiieiH3M MOxeT co3^aBaTbca h noBTopeHHeM pa3HHx npe^HKaTOB b o^hoh ^opMe, HanpHMep, b npocTOM npome^meM BpeMeHH, KaK b ^aHHOM 3ar0B0pe: Ponas Jézus ir šv. Petras éjo per ialias ganyklas. Ten sutiko ialti. Gyvaté guléjo, Pono Dievo angelas kalbéjo, motina Švenčiausia Marija prisieké, kol nuodai išejo. Vardan Dievo ir t. t. Tocno^b HHcyc h cb. neTp hh nepe3 3eieHbie nacT0Hma. TaM BcTpeTHiH yxa. 3Mea
^exajia, aHreji Eocno^a Bora roBoprni, MaTb npecBATaa MapHa npHcarajia, noKa a^bi BHm^H' (Balys, p.58, N 393); mh noBTopeHHeM 0^H0THnHbix kohctpykuhh c npe^HKaT0M b npe3eHce: Griaudzia griausmas, zaibai zaibuoja, krenta rüdys, zaidai byra, di-evo zodzio niekas negalpergalét. Nereikia nieko bijot - nei akie kokie, nei kokiepadéje - nei pilke, nei juode, nei mélyne, nei rude TpeMHT rpoM, mo^hhh cBepKaroT, na^aeT pxaBHHHa, nenn CHnHTCH, 6oxbe mobo hhkto He MoxeT npeo^o^eTb. He Ha^o HHnero 6oflTbca - hh KaKHx-T0 raa3, hh KaKHx-T0 ^e^ - hh cepHx, hh nepHbix, hh chhhx, hh KapHx' (Mansikka, p. 103, N 181). B noc^e^HeM 3aroBope noMHMo nepenHCTeHHH BaxHo TaKxe noBTopeHHe ochob: 'rpoM' h 'rpeMHT' (griaudzia griausmas); 'mo^hhh' h 'cBepKaroT (zaibai zaibuoja) 06pa30BaHH ot o^Horo kophh.
Cpe^H MHoroHHC^eHHHX TaBTo^orHHeCKHX noBTopeHHH, TaKHX, KaK napHHe coneTaHHA o^HHaKoBbix h^h pa3^HHHbix ^opM c^oBa: Saule sukas-sukas, atsako zemé su-kas-sukas, atsako ménuo sukas-sukas dunti suka-suka. 'Coches BepTHTCH-BepTHTCH, 0TKa3biBaeTCH, 3eMra BepTHTcH-BepTHTca, 0TKa3biBaeTca, Mecan BepTHTCH-BepTHTCH, 3y6 HapbiBaeT-HapbiBaeT (=BepTHT)' (LTR 3641(429)); Suku suku, ratu ratu.... 'Kpyny-Kpyny, KpyroM-KpyroM...' (Balys, p. 72, N 478); Saule saulé, ménuo ménesiu, zemé zeme, upé upe!... 'Co^Hne co^Hne, Mecan MecaneM, 3eMaa 3eMaeñ, peKa peKoñ!' (LT, p. 895, N 9283); BcTpenaroTca h coneTaHHa c pa3HbiMH cy^^HKcaMH, a TaKxe pa3H006pa3HHe ca0B006pa30BaTeabHbie HHHoBauHH: Liga, ligela, korva karvala... 'Boae3Hb, 6oae3HromKa, KopoBa KopoBymKa...' (Elisonas. Gyvaté, N6, p. 169); Zeme, zemela. 3eMaa 3eM^Hna' (Mansikka, p. 81, N 79); Ciuzu ciuzute, slamu slamute... 'OeaecTe-meaecTeaKa, mypma-mypma^Ka...' (LT, p. 896, N 9289). B nocae^HeM npHMepe Ha3BaHHa 3MeH 06pa30BaHH ot cooTBeTcTByro^Hx raaroaoB c noMo^bro yMeHbmHTeabHo-aacKaTeabHoro cy^^HKca -ut-, ABaaro^erocfl b ^htobckhx 3aroBopax o^hhm h3 caMHx npoayKTHBHbix, kotophh o6pa3yeT cy^ecTBHTeabHbie He ToabKo ot raaroaoB, ho h ot cy^ecTBHTeabHbix h npHaaraTeabH^rx: Zibuté, lakstuté, salduté, meduté... 'BaecTKa (ot zibéti '6aecTeTb', zibus '6aecTH^HH'), coaoBymKa, *caaaymKa (ot saldus 'caaflKHñ', *MeaymKa (ot medus 'Mea')' (LTR 4813(10)); Semuté, geruté, marguté... '*neneaymKa (ot semas 'neneabHbiñ'), *Ao6pymKa (ot geras 'xopomHH, ao6pbm'), necTpymKa (ot margas necTpbm')' (Elisonas. Ropliai, p. 96, N VIII); Auksute sidabrute... '*3oaoTymKa (ot auksas '3oaoTo'), *cepe6pymKa (ot sidabras 'cepe6po')' (LT, N9265, p. 892); Spinduté, sauliuté... '*CBepKymKa (ot spindéti 'cBepKaTb', spindus 'cBepKaro^Hñ'), coaHbimKo' (LTR 5497 (241)). noBTopeHHe o^Horo cy^^HKca, o^opMaaro^ero pa3Hbie ochobh, TaKxe HB^aeTcfl c^e^cTBHeM ynoMHHyToro npHeMa - noBTopeHHe oflHoTHnHoro Ha6opa ^0HeM
co3^aeT ^ono^HHTe^bHyro HHTb, o6teflHHaromyro noBecTBoBaHHe, co3^aeT KaK 6h
naparae^bHbie aono^HHTeabHbie cmhcth.
B noflo6Hoñ po^H nacro BbicTynaroT h ^pyrHe yMeHbmHTe^bHo-aacKaTe^bHbie cy^^HKcb -al-, -el-/-él, -ul-, HanpHMep: Sauliula, ménaséli, sviesyja ausrela, grazyja svenciau-sia Panela, atimk man site sopuli. 'Co^HbimKo, MecanoneK, cBexnaa 3opbKa, npeKpacHaa npecBHTaa fleBa, 3a6epH y MeHa 3Ty 6oW (Stukenaité-Decikiené, p. 125, N 9); Cystas vandenélis, Cystas akmenélis, Kad mano büt cystas künelis. 'Hhctbh Bo^HHKa, hhcthh KaMemeK, hto6 Moe 6bmo HHCToe Te^bne' (LKAG 1320); Ajo Paneie Svenciausia per lon-kelius, pataiké kojali in akmenéli, numusé mazepirsteli, aptaské akmenéli kroujaliu... 'ffirn npecBHTaa fleBa no ^yxonKaM, nonada hoxkoh Ha KaMemeK, ymH6^a Ma^eHbKHH najibHHK, o6pH3rajia KaMemeK KpoBymKoñ' (Krevé-Mickevicius, p. 504, NI); Éda riemuo, riemenélis, Kaip vilkas avelz Kaip ozka zolelz Kaip zuvis zuvelz. 'Ect Mera H3xora,
H3xorymKa, KaK bojik oBenKy, KaK K03a TpaBKy, KaK pbi6a pbi6Ky' (LTR 5678 (296)). TaKoe iacKaTeibHoe o6pa^eHHe k 6oie3HH, komhho, cTaBHT neibro 3a#o6pHTb ee, yroBopHTb oTCTynHTb, CMarnHTb ee ^eñcTBHe. Bo3moxho, TaKoe H3o6paxeHHe o6teKToB b "yMeHbmeHHoM" BH^e TaKxe ioixho no aHaiorHH yMeHbmnTb npoaBieHHa 6oie3HH. HHTepecHo, hto pa^oM c iacKoBbiM o6pa^eHneM k 6oie3HH MoryT npncyTCTBoBaTb h pyraTeibCTBa: Eda mane rémenelis, penkie mete piemenelis, ésk padla süda ne mane. 'Ect MeHH H3xorymKa, naTHieTHHn nacTymoK, emb, nama, r..., He Mera' (LTR 5074 (101)).
KpoMe CBoen npaMon ^yHKnHH, npHBe^eHHbie cy^^HKCbi e^e h o6pa3yroT pH^My, oco6hm o6pa3oM opraHH3ya h ynopa^onHBaa TeKCT. OTMeneHHHe o^HHa-kobhmh cy^^HKcaMH cioBa aBiaroTca KironeBbiMH, croxeroo6pa3yro^HMH, npHBie-KaroT k ce6e BHHMaHHe. HacTo b Ton xe poiH BbicTynaroT o^HHaKoBbie riaroibi c pa3HHMH npe^HKcaMH, HanpHMep: Viene issizadu, Kite prisizadu... 'O^hhx oT3HBaro, ipyrHx npH3HBaro' (LTR 3863 (88)); Vienaspadyvija, trys atadyvija... 'O^hh 3aBH^yeT, tph *oTBH^yroT' (Mansikka, p. 104, N 183); Viena asaba izzengia, tegul tris inzengia... 'O^Ha oco6a BbiCTynaeT, nycTb tph BCTynaroT' (LTR 6166 (109)). npe^HKCbi, o^opMiaro^He riaroiH b npHBe^eHHbix npHMepax, HrparoT pemaro^yro poib b sthx 3aroBopax -HMeHHo Ha npoTHBonoCTaBieHHH 3HaneHHH 3THX npe^HKCoB CTpoHTCfl CMbICI (is- 'H3'/ pri- 'npH'; pa- 'no'/at(a)- 'ot'; is- *H3'/in- 'b'). EiaroibHHe npe^HKCbi MoryT noBTopaTbca c pa3HbiMH ocHoBaMH b o^hom 3aroBope, o6pa3ya iHHHro ^onoiHHTeibHoro 3HaneHHa, KoTopaa HrpaeT o6,beiHHaromyro poib, HanpHMep: ...kad Dzievas duote, sitie atabuli treji devyneri mazgeliai pertraukte sopuli ir permainyte kad nesopéte. '... hto6 Eor flan, sth o6paTHHe TpH^eBATb y3ioB nepepBaiH 6oib h nepeMeHHiH, hto6h He 6oieio' (Mansikka, p. 102, N 176); Saldzyja bitela, sviesyja zvaigzdela, atprasau, atmeldziu as tavi, atmaldau, juodo plauko, juodo plaukelio nekliudzyk. 'Cia^Kaa nneiKa, CBeTiaa 3Be3^onKa, ynpamHBaro, yMaiHBaro a Te6a, yMoiaro, nepHoro Boioca, nepHoro BoiocKa He Tporan' (Mansikka, p. 76, N 55).
Te xe TeH^eHnHH npociexHBaroTca h Ha ^oHeranecKoM ypoBHe: 3aMeneHo, hto bo Bcex 3aroBopax 3aKiHHaTeibHoro THna Hcnoib3yeTca o^hh npHHnHn - noBTopeHHe onpe^eieHHHx 3ByKoB hih coneTaHHñ 3ByKoB b pa3Hon nocie^oBaTeibHocTH - na^e npaMoM h o6paTHoM nopa^Ke. noio6Hbiñ npHHnHn Hcnoib3yroT h noiHo3HanHHe 3aroBopn, co^epxa^He aHarpaMMbi h Hrpy ciob. HanpHMep: Pele, pele, te tau liepa, duok man kaula. 'Mbimb, Mbimb, bot Te6e iHna, ^an MHe KocTb' (ot 3y6Hon 6oih) (Balys, p. 67, N 445) - noBTopaeTca coneTaHHe pel b o6paTHoM nopa^Ke - lep; Nugaruoi' tu, negare, akivaron. 'HcnapHCb th, He nap, b Tonb' (ot iHmaa) (Cicénas, p. 23, N 298) -noBToparoTca 3ByKH n - g - r, n - g - r, k - r - n, to ecTb #Ba pa3a b o^hom nopa^Ke, noTOM -b o6paTHoM; Grauz gryzie, da grauz geriau Tpbi3H rpbi3b, ^a rpbi3H iynme' (ot 6oih b cycTaBax - rpH3H) (Mansikka, p. 96, N 148) - nocie^oBaTeibHocTb 3ByKoB: g - r - z, g - r -z, g - r - z, g - r. B nepBbix #Byx ciynaax Bbi^eieHHbie 3ByKH o6pa3yroT 3aMKHyTbin Kpyr, b nocie^HeM - npH noBTopeHHH Hcne3aeT o^hh 3ByK. TaKon xe npHeM nocTeneHHoro Hcne3HoBeHHa, CTHpaHHa onpe^eieHHbix 3ByKoB Hcnoib3yeT 3aroBop ot rpbixn: Tu Grizus, as krizius, tu bégsi, as kysiu, kai kysiu, nukesiu. Am, am, am. 'Th Epnxyc, a KpecT, th 6y^emb 6exaTb, a 6y^y KycaTb, KaK yKymy, oTKymy. Am, aM, aM.' (Mansikka, p. 95, N 132) - nocie^oBaTeibHocTb 3ByKoB: g - r - z - s, k- r - z - s, g - s, k - s, k - s, k - s. 3ByKonoipaxaHHe, H3o6paxaro^ee ^encTBHe KycaHHa, ycHiHBaeT BnenaTieHHe. noioÓHoe 3ByKonoipaxaHHe, nepeceKaro^eeca c Ha3BaHHeM 6oie3HH, Hcnoib3yeTca b ipyroM 3aroBope ot rpbixH: Kremc, kremc, kremtu, kremtu.// Kremc kremc kad iskrimstum.
// Riš, riš, risu, // Ris, riš, kad išrištum 'XpyM, xpyM, rpH3y, rpbi3y, rpbi3H, rpbi3H, hto6 BHrpH3, Baxn, bhxh, Baxy, Bhxh, Baxi, hto6 3aBH3as' (Mansikka, p. 94, N 137). noBTopjiromHecji b 3T0M 3aroBope 3ByKH - k, r, s, š - HanoMHHaroT Ha3BaHHe 6ose3HH -gryžius.
B 0^H0M 3aroBope ot yKyca 3MeH Hcnosb3yeTca tot xe npHeM noBTopa 3ByK0B b csoBax c pa3HHM 3HaneHHeM: Kaip šita žalioji varié skusta, taip šita juoda karvé kusta; kaip ši žalioji varié neskusta, taip ši juoda karvé nekùsta... 'KaK 3Ta 3eseHaa sarymKa o^HmeHa, TaK 3Ta nepHaa KopoBa yKymeHa; KaK 3Ta 3eseHaa sarymKa HenHmeHa, TaK 3Ta nepHaa KopoBa He yKymeHa' (Balys, p.57, N 386).	socTHraeTca nyTeM ynosoôseHHH
^opMH 'yKymeHa' ^opMe 'onnmeHa' (^HTepaTypHaa ^opMa kasti 'KycaTb', to ecTb ^oHeMa 3aMeHHeTCH Ha [u]). TaKHe 3ByK0Bbie npHeMbi rayxaT eme h co3#aHHro ph^mh, hto ycH^HBaeT 3^^eKT 3aroBopa, TaK KaK pH^M0BaHHaa CTpyKTypa oô^a^aeT 3aK0HHeHH0CTbro H M0H0^HTH0CTbM, CTHX0TB0pHa» ^0pMa 3amHmaeT TeKCT 0T npeo6pa30BaHHH, cnocoôcTByeT ero coxpaHeHHro KaK moxho ^o^bme b HeH3MeHH0M BH^e.
BepoaTHo, c nejibio yciciHTb ^eiiCTBHe, b oôhhhhh 3aroBopHbiH TeKCT HHor^a BCTaBSHMTCH pH^MoBaHHbie napbi - 3aK^HHaTe^bHHe ^opMynbi, Ha nepBbift B3raafl, ôeccMHC^eHHHe, HanpHMep: Šurum-burum-bum, Pradink viena[paskui kita ir 1.1.] 'OypyM-6ypyM-6yM, crHHb o^Ha [n0T0M ^pyraa h T.a.]' (ot 60p0^aB0K) (LTR 4239 (244)); Sakal makal, deg deg! 'CaKaji MaKaji, ropH ropH!' (ot 60p0^aB0K) (Balys, p. 66, N 435); Jusu varda aš žinau // Ir ne vienos nebijau // Sangi, rangi, nedaryk man nieko. 'Bame hmh h 3Haro, h hh 0#H0H He 6orocb, CaHrH, paHrH, He fle^aft MHe HHnero' (ot 3MeH) (LTR 4102 (176)). B noc^e^HeM npHMepe He raynatao Hapaay c 3aK^HHaTe^bH0H ^opMynoft ynoMH-HaroTca HMeHa 3MeH: 3HaTb hmh, to ecTb Haôop 3ByK0B, Ko^HpyromHH cymHocTb, TaK xe BaxHo, KaK h ^oHeTHHecKHH khmh b BH^e 3aKnHHaHHsi. 9to noflTBepxaaeTca aHa^orHHHHMH npHMepaMH: Jus esat trejos devynerios, vardus aš jusc žinau: ašjusc nebijau, Cange Ange, nedaryk(ite) nieko. 'Bac cymecTByeT TpH^eBHTb, HMeHa h BamH 3Haro: h Bac He 6orocb, D,arne AHre, He ^e^arne HHnero' (Balys, p. 57, N 389); A,š jusc nebijau, jus esate trys devynerios, vardus jusc ir Cengé žinau Bac He 6orocb, Bac cymecTByeT TpH^eBHTb, HMeHa BamH h D,eHre h 3Haro' (Balys, p. 56, N 379).
3aroBopbi 3aKHHHaTe^bHoro THna He Bcer^a nocTpoeHH To^bKo Ha ^0HeTHnecK0M npHHnHne - ohh nacTo coctoht h h3 nomo3HaHHbix CTOB, o6pa3yromHx ^aKoHHHHbift, otphbhcthh TeKcT. TaKoe TpeôoBaHHe cHMynbTaHHocTH, ôhctpoth h cTpeMHTe^bHocra pa3BopanHBaromeroca aeftcTBHH oTBenaeT ne^H 3aroBopa - npoH3BecTH HanpaB^eHHHH h cH^bHHH yaap no HaMeneHH0My oôteKTy.
KaK He^b3H ^ynme 3Toft ne^H cooTBeTcTByroT KpaTKHe TeKCTbi, kotophmh H30ÔH^yeT ^HToBcKaa 3aroBopHaa Tpa^HUHH. MHorHe nomo3HaHHbie TeKcTH b crny cBoeft ocoôoft cHHTaKcHHecK0H K0HcTpyKUHH CTaH0BHTCH n0X0XHMH Ha 3aK^HHaTe^bHHe ^opMynbi, HanpHMep: Džiovinto véjo, pernykščio sniego, šic metc ledo, ru-pmés kraujo '3acymeHHoro BeTpa, npomroro^Hero cHera, ^b^a 3Toro roaa, kpobh xaôbi' (LTR 4035 (15)); Kirmélés nuo bambelés, kirmélés nuo bambelés. 'HepBH ot nynKa, nepBH ot nynKa' (Mansikka, p. 102, N 174); Dangus Jezau, saulé Jezau, žeme Jezau, rasa Jezau. Amen Jezau Kristau 'He6o HHcyce, co^Hne HHcyce, 3eMra HHcyce, poca HHcyce. AMHHb HHcyce XpHcTe' (Mansikka, p. 82, N 82). Ph^ cymecTBHTe^bHbix co3^aeT 3KcnpeccHro h cnpeccoBaHHocTb, o^HaKo b no^oÔHbix KoHcTpyKnnax MoryT 6bTb Hcn0^b30BaHH TaKxe r^aro^H h^h npn^araTe^bHHe, HanpHMep: Pjuvispjuvi sveikina, trinu trinu - sutrinu, trasu trasu - sutrasu '^Hen xHena npHBeTcTByeT, Tpy, Tpy - cTHparo, Tpacy, Tpacy - coTpacaro'
(Balys, p.79, N 506); Marga, juoda ar melyna, čižanina!Raudonamarge, žalamarge, čižanina! Raudonoji, šemoji, žaloji, čižanina! 'necTpaa, nepHaa hih ciHaa, nmxaHHHa! KpacHO-necTpaa, SyponecTpaa, nmxaHHHa! KpacHaa, neneibHaa, Sypaa, nHxaHHHa!' (ot 3Mem) (Mansikka, p. 73, N 41); Žemes žemybe dangaus aukštybe ir kirmelicpiktybe. Padek Dieve ir visišventi. 'HraocTb 3eMim, BbicoTa He6a h 3ioSa nepBeft. noMorm, Boxe, h Bce cBarae' (ot 3Men) (LTR 3393 (131)). 3iHMHHaiHa riaroia, KaK oTMenaeTca b cTaTbe T.A. MmxaftioBoft (MmxaftioBa, 135), npe^ocTaBiaeT ciymaTeiro Bo3MoxHocTb .BoaKoro noHHMaHHH TeKcTa. Moxho io6aBHTb, nTo eme h co3^aeT 3^^eKT .HHaMHnHocTH, He^apoM MHorne 3aroBopH npom3HocaTca cKoporoBopKoft (b KoMMeHTapmax oTMenaeTca - "npom3HocHTb Ha o^hom .bixaHHH, He nepeBo^HTb .bixaHHe"). Bo3moxho, H3-3a 3Toro noaBiaroTca He3aKoHneHHbie cHHTaKcmnecKie KoHcTpyKimm, noxoxme Ha oSpbiBKH ^pa3, HanpnMep: Sustok, gyvate, Pana Marija eina, vyresne, kaip žalčio galva. 'Croft, 3Mea, ^eBa Mapma H^eT, cTapme, neM roioBa yxa' (Balys, p.57, N388); Šaltaudege geležineuodege salta uodiagia ka išlaidei išsavispasimk kuograičiausei unsavi geluoni atleisk tinima šytam (gyvuliui) be man nera česo ner kada kvapu tau šaunu 'Xoio^HoxBocTaa xeie3HoxBocTaa xoio^Hbift xboct nro Bbinycraia h3 ce6a Bo3bMH KaK moxho 6HcTpee b ce6a xaio oTnycTH onyxoib 3ToMy (xmoTHoMy) TaK KaK y MeHa HeT BpeMeHH HeKor.a lyxoM Te6a ySiBaro' (LTR 4035(2)); Žeme žemi miškas mišku visiem valna giventi tik iška-dos nedarik. Jai nori iškada darit išeik iš čia '3eMia 3eMiro iec iecoM BceM moxho xiTb ToibKo 3ia He ^eiaft. Ecih xonemb 3io ^eiaTb bhh^h ororo^a' (LTR 4035 (3)). nocie^Hme 3aroBopH npe^cTaBieHbi TaK, KaK Smih 3a^HKcmpoBaHbi b mcronHHKe. OTcyTcTBme 3HaKoB npenmHaHma, .oixho 6HTb, oTpaxaeT oTcyTcTBme HHToHaimm h cKopocTb, c KoTopoft 3aroBopH npoH3Hocmimcb.
no^oSHaa He^ocKa3aHHocTb, oTpbiBmcTocTb npoaBiaeTca h b TeKcTax c Kaxymeftca Ha nepBbift B3ria^ 3aKoHneHHoft cTpyKTypoft, HanpmMep: Vardan Dievo Tevo ir t.t. Kasprie to žmogaus, akmenio, šunies ar medžio primušo. 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Saule, žeme, dangus, žvaigždes. Dieve Teve ir Dvasia Šventa, padek man ta žmogcpagelbet ir duok skausmus nuo jo atimti. Mano Jezus ejo i jura, i savo laiva. Jis turejo tris rožes rankoje: liga imete i jura, sveikata paturejo rankoje pas mane. Marija, Morta, padekit man ta žmogc pagelbeti ir skausmus nuo jo atimti. Amen 'Bo HMa Bora OTia h t.a. Kto k 3ToMy neioBeKy, KaMHio, coSaKe hih .epeBy npmSmica. 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. CoiHiie, 3eMia, HeSo, 3Be3flbi. Bor OTei h ^yx CBaToft, noMorm MHe 3Toro neioBeKa cnacTH h .aft Soih y Hero oTHaTb. Moft Hmcyc mei Ha Mope, Ha cBoft KopaSib. y Hero Sbno Tpm po3bi b pyKe: Soie3Hb Spocmi b Mope, 3.opoBbe .epxai b pyKe y MeHa. Mapma, MopTa, noMormre MHe 3Toro neioBeKa cnacTH h Soih y Hero oTHaTb. AMHHb' (Balys, p. 81, N 524). Ecih Sm He noBTopaimcb ^opMyibi npocbSbi b neTBepToM h ce^bMoM npe^ioxeHmax, moxho Smio Sm no^yMaTb, nTo 3th ^pa3bi HineM He cBa3aHH. BpocaeTca b ria3a KoHTpacT Mex.y KpaTKHMH, 3aKiHHaTeibHHMH no ^opMe oSpameHiaMH k npmpoiHHM oSteKTaM h BnoiHe pa3BepHyTHe ^pa3H c oSpameHiaMH k SoxecTBeHHHM nepcoHaxaM. Cp. erne o.hh 3aroBop: Saule ant dangaus, akmuo ant maric Šventas Jonas skausmo negalipernešti. Ejo Jezus per lauka, rado tris rožes. Viena pražydo, antra suvyto, trečia išnyko. Išnyk, išnyk ir tu, skausmas, ir švento Jono 'CoiHie Ha HeSe, KaMeHb Ha Mope. CBaToft HoaHH Soih He MoxeT nepeHecTH. fflei Hmcyc nepe3 noie, Hamei Tpm po3H. O.Ha 3aiBeia, ipyraa 3aBaia, TpeTba nponaia. npona^m, npona.m h tm, Soib, h cBaToro HoaHHa' (LTR 4609 (90)). Co3.aeTca BnenaTieHie, nTo pa3Hbie nacTH TeKcTa co3.aBaiHcb b pa3Hoe BpeMa hih TeKcT Smi no3^Hee nepe^eiaH.
KaK yxe oTMenaiocb, ocHoBHyro cMbicioByro Harpy3Ky b ihtobckhx 3aroBopax HecyT cy^ecTBHTe^bHHe, ohh xe o6pa3yroT croxeTHyro iHHHro. TaKaa 0C06eHH0CTb npn^aeT ihtobckhm 3aroBopaM craTHHHocTb, BpeMeHHaa CTpyKTypa b hhx BHpaxeHa cia6o. Co3flaeTca BnenaxneHHe, hto BpeMa KaK KaTeropna He HMeeT 3HaneHHa. OcH0BHbie onncbiBaeMbie co6hthh nponcxojiaT b Hacroa^eM, ho, KaK npaBinio, 3T0 Hacroa^ee onncbiBaeT HeKoTopyro a6coiroTHyro ^aHHocTb, a He ^eñcTBHe, nponc-xo^a^ee ceñnac, HanpHMep: ...kai vilkas zalic mésc ryja i neasiryja, i ja gerkléj kaulas nek-liüva, kad tep ite pac itas krislas tava aky nekliüty. '...KaK boik CBexee Maco rioTaeT h He HaraoTaeTca, h b ero ropie KocTb He 3acTpeBaeT, hto6 TaK xe 3Ta copHHKa b tboh ria3 He nona^aia' (TD, p. 181, N 458); Zaltys Jievai duria gyli is savo snapo, Jézus mina su ko-jom. Amen. 'Yx EBe BTbiKaeT xajio H3 CBoero KiroBa, Hncyc MHeT HoraMH' (Balys, p.58, N 396); Gyvate kerta, Jézus kalba, Sventa Marija siekia, sventi angelai stovi. '3Mea xaiHT, Hncyc roBopHT, CBHTaa Mapna cie^HT, CBHTHe aHreibi ctoht' (Balys, p.58, N 395).
OpneHTHpoBaHHocTb Ha Hacroa^HH M0MeHT oTpaxaeT ocHoBHyro 3a^any 3aroBopa - npoH3BecTH ^eiicTBHe cjiobom. 9toh nein cjiyxaT npex^e Bcero rjiarojibi-nep^opMaTHBH, kotophmh o6o3HanaroTca caMbie pa3H006pa3HHe ^encrana: KpoMe riaroioB roBopeHHa (kalbu 'roBopro', azuzadu, uzkalbu '3aroBapHBaro', atmaldau 'oTMaiHBaro', prasau 'npomy', liepiu 'Beiro', insakau 'npHKa3biBaro', saukiu '30By', uzkeikiu '3aiKiHHaio' h T.n.) MHoro h rjiaroiioB aKTHBHoro ^encrana (siunciu 'nocbiiaio', varou 'roHro', rakinu '3annparo', sulaikau '3a^epxHBaro', nugenu BbiroHaro', istraukiu 'BbiHHMaro'), a TaKxe riaroioB nyBcTB h 3HaHHa (zinau '3Haro', nekenciu 'HeHaBHxy', no-riu 'xony'). HanpHMep: Kap sitc raiksteli mazgiou mazgeliais, taip mazgau risu tavy, NN kraujas, as tau insakou, is k'no nebék, saulés nemacyk, sviesai nesirodzyk. Svento Petro raktu tavi rakinu, Dzievo vardu tavi uzkeikiu, sustok. 'KaK 3tot mHypoK Baxy y3iaMH, TaK Baxy 3aBa3biBaro Te6a, KpoBb NN, a Te6e npHKa3HBaro, H3 Teia He 6ern, coiHna He BH^b, cBeTy He noKa3biBañca. KironoM cBaToro neTpa Te6a 3annparo, HMeHeM Bora Te6a 3aKiHHaro, ocraHoBHcb' (Krévé-Mickevicius, p. 504, NIV); ...Per Panelés svenciausios skousmc liepiu tau - sustok, is gyslc NN nevarvék. 'Hepe3 6oih npecBaToñ ,D,eBbi Beiro Te6e - ocraHoBHcb, H3 xhi NN He TeKH' (Krévé-Mickevicius, p. 504, N I); A,s visc vardus zinau, né vienos ne-bijau: ar juodoji, ar margoji, ar variné trejos devynerios 'R Bcex HMeHa 3Haro, hh o^hoh He 6orocb: nepHaa ih, necTpaa ih, Me^Haa ih, TpH^eBaTb' (Balys, p. 56, N 382). TaKHM 06pa30M 3aroBop He onncbiBaeT, a peaiH3yeT ^eñcTBHe, pa3BopanHBaa ero b Hacroa^HH MoMeHT Boieñ 3aroBapHBaro^ero.
ynpaBieHHa ^eñcTBHaMH ^pyrax nepcoHaxeñ ciyxHT HMnepaTHB, o^HaKo Ty xe ^yHKqHro nacTo BbinoiHaeT h ^opMa 6y^y^ero BpeMeHH, HMero^ero oTnacTH 3HaneHHe noBeieHHa: ...tu neblisi, tu nebkasi, né man pikto nabdarysi... 'th 6oibme He Bbiie3emb, th 6oibme He yKycnmb, MHe 3ia 6oibme He npnnHHHmb' (LT, N9269, p. 892); ...Pono Dievo angelas sia liga perplés, Perk'nas nuspirs. Isdils, kaip delcios Ménuo, sudzius, kaip liekno svendré... 'AHrei Eocno^a Bora 3Ty 6oie3Hb nopBeT, nepKyHac 0TT0iKHeT. CoTpeTca KaK cTapHH Mecan, 3acoxHeT, KaK ctpohhhh tpocthhk' (Balys, p. 81, N 526); ...Taip ir sis [cia reikia sakyti "votis" arba "skaudulys"] neaugs, nekils, netins ir nedidés... 'TaK h 3Ta (onyxoib hih HapbiB) He 6y^eT pacTH, He 6y^eT onyxaTb h He 6y^eT yBeiHHHBaTbca' (Balys, p. 73, N 482). TaKaa yBepeHHocTb b 6y^y^eM aBiaeTca xapaKTepHoñ nepT0H ihtobckhx 3aroBopoB. 9thm o6tacHaeTca, n0-BH^HM0My, h cpaBHHTeibHo He6oibmoe Koinnecrao ^opM b yci0BH0M h cociaraTeibHoM HaKi0HeHHH.
D,enH co3flaHHH enHHoñ, cnpecc0BaHH0H, 3aKOHneHHOH CTpyKTypH cnyxHT TaKxe Hcn0nb30BaHHe npHHacTHH, nonynpHHacTHH h neenpHHacTHH. HanpHMep, nna o6o3HaneHHH coBepmeHHoro neñcTBHa: Kaip šita žalioji varlé skusta, taip šita juoda karvé küsta; kaip ši žalioji varlé nekusta, taip ši juoda karvé neküsta; 'KaK 3Ta 3eneHaa narymKa onn^eHa, TaK 3Ta HepHaa KopoBa yKymeHa; KaK 3Ta 3eneHaa narymKa He oHH^eHa, TaK 3Ta HepHaa KopoBa He yKymeHa' (Balys, p.57, N 386); Ejo Panelé Švenčiausia, nešc vaikeli ant rankc: bégdama užejo ant akmenelio ir susimmé savo piršteli... TOna npecBHTaa fleBa, Hecna pe6eHKa Ha pyKax: 6exaBmH HacrynHna Ha KaMemeK h ymH6na nanbHHK...' (Balys, p. 79, N 510); Ejo karta Jézus per ežera ir turéjo tris rožes; beeidamas dvi pameté, tai pastebéjes meté ir trečia sakydamas: "pražQk ir tu!" TOen onHaxnb Hncyc Hepe3 o3epo h Hec TpH po3H; Hna nBe noTepan, sto 3aMeTHB, 6pocHn h TpeTbro roBopa: "crHHb h th!'" (Miškinis, p. 467, N 59). B nocnenHeM npHMepe npencTaBneHa cnoxHaa KoMSHHauHi neñcTBHH: nByM rnaronaM nonHHHeHbi tph npHHacTHa, hto co3naeT BnenaxneHHe cHMynbTaHHocTH, He6onbmoñ npononxHTenbHocTH neñcTBHa no BpeMeHH. B to BpeMa KaK nocne^oBaTenbHoe noBecTBoBaHHe: "men..., Hec..., noTepan..., 3aMeran..., 6pocnn..., cKa3an...", cocroa^ee h3 onHoTHnHbix ^opM rnaronoB (KaK sto nacro 6biBaeT b no^oČHoM xaHpe), 3HaHHTenbHo pacTHHyno 6h neñcTBHe. KpoMe Toro, Hcnonb3oBaHHe npHnacTHH, H3MeHHro^Hxca no ponaM h nanexaM, aKqeHTHpyeT BHHMaHHe Ha cooTBeTcTByro^Hx hm nepcoHaxax, a He Ha neñcTBHax, KoTopbe sth nepcoHaxH Bbinon-HaroT, HanpHMep: Eidamas Jézus per pieva rado raudona žydinčia rož^. Panaikink man ta rože, kaip ta rože, kuripievoj nuskinta. '6yKB.: Hny^HH Hepe3 nyr HHcyc Hamen KpacHyro nBeTymyro po3y. YHHHToxb MHe Ty po3y, KoTopaa Ha nyry copBaHa' (LTR 4169 (143)) (cp. "*HHcyc men no nyry, Hamen po3y, KoTopaa nBena. YHHHToxb Ty po3y, KoTopyro copBanH Ha nyry" - BHHMaHHe nepeKnronaeTca Ha neñcTBHa). npH Hcnonb3oBaHHH cTpanaTenbHbx npHHacTHH npomenmero BpeMeHH HepeneBaHTHoH oKa3bBaeTca HH^opManHA, Heo6xonHMaa nna cooTBeTCTByro^ero rnarona, to ecTb areHc, cnoco6 neñcTBHH, HHcTpyMeHT, BpeMa. (Cp. "narymKa He HH^eHa" h "narymKy He HHcTHnH..."). HanpHMep: ...Ojei neišimsite [gyvatés geluonies], tai büsite basliais badžiotos, taukais mozo-tos ir biz'nais kotavotos... 'A ecnH He BbmeTe [3MeH xana], to 6yneTe KonaMH KonoTb, xhpom Ma3aHbi h nneTbMH 6hth' (LT, p. 896, N 9291); Prieš mirti Danielius buvo imestas i duobe, nes taip noréjo blogi žmonés, kad Danielius b'tc sudraskytas... 'nepen cMepTbro flaHHHn 6bin 6pomeH b aMy, TaK KaK TaK xoTenH nnoxne nronH, hto6h flaHHHn 6bin pacTep3aH' (Balys, p.60, N 404).
He3HaHHMocTb sthx BaneHTHocTeñ rnarona BHpaxaeTca b nHToBcKHx 3aroBopax h b pacnpocrpaHeHHocTH oTrnaronbHbx cy^ecTBHTenbHbrx. HanpHMep: ...Dzievo leidzimu, mano liepimu, švento Jono patarimu tegulpasiima sopuli dancis, kur mano rankoje, iš to dancio, kur Ndésnoje... '...no npHKa3y Bora, no MoeMy BeneHHro, no coBeTy cbatoto HoaHHa nycTb Bo3bMeT 6onb 3y5, kotophh b Moeñ pyKe, H3 Toro 3y6a, kotophh b necHe N' (Krévé-Micke-vičius, p. 506, X); Kaip bitelé be kraujo, taip visas sutvérimas be praliejimo to kraujo. 'KaK nnenKa 6e3 kpobh, TaK bch TBapb 6e3 nponHTHa kpobh' (Balys, p.80, N 514); Marija vaikščioja po žalic laukc ir rinka žalius kvietkus nuo kraujo bégimo, dél ronc gijima 'Maprni xonHT no 3eneHoMy nonro h coČHpaeT 3eneHHe uBeTbi ot KpoBoTeneHHa, nna 3axHBneHHH paH' (LTR 3205 (194)). npH Hcnonb3oBaHHH oTrnaronbHbx cy^ecTBHTenbHbrx neñcTBHe, BbipaxeHHoe hmh, cTaHoBHTca aTpH6yroM nepcoHaxa, ero HHcTpyMeHToM, nonHocTbro eMy nonHHHeHo, KaK rpaMMaTHHecKH, TaK h ceMaHTHHecKH. fleñcTBHe cnpeccoBbBaeTca bo BpeMeHH, cTaHoBHTca a6conroTHoñ naHHocTbro h co6cTBeHHocTbro nHna, ot KoToporo HcxonHT.
noflo6Haa a6coAMTH3anHH KacaeTcH TaKxe npH3HaK0B h KanecTB, hto BbipaxaeTCH c noMo^bro cy^ecTBHTeAbHbix, 06pa30BaHHbix ot npHAaraTeAbHbix. HanpHMep: Miezi, miezi, eik, is kur atejes! Tau dailumas, man svarumas! '^HMeHb, HHMeHb, h«h, 0TKy«a npHmeA! Te6e KpacoTa, MHe HHCT0Ta!' (LTR 4511 (362)); Dangaus gerybe, zemes blogybe. Paim' is dangaus gerybe, duo' zemes blogybe velnian. 'flo6po He6a, 3Jio 3eMAH. Bo3bMH c He6a «o6po, «an 3A0 3eMAH nepTy' (Cicenas, p. 28, N 385); Nuo Dievo piktybe, nuo zmonic biaurybe, atskak, atskak, atskak.(= atstok) 'Ot Bora 3Ao6a, ot Aromen Mep30CTb, oTCTaHb, oTCTaHb, oTCTaHb' (LTR 3641 (518)). B no«o6Hbix c^ynaax npH3HaK, b np0THB0n0A0XH0cTb raaroAy npH cy6cTaHTHBanHH, noAynaeT aBT0H0MH0CTb, He3aBHCHM0CTb ot cy^ecTBHTeAbHoro, hto oÖAernaeT MaHHnyAHnHH c hhm. KaK bh«ho h3 npHBe«eHHbix npHMepoB, «ah «ocraxeHHh pe3yAbTaTa moxho o6oftTHcb h 6e3 nocpe«craa raaroAa, «ocraTOHHo Ha3BaTb 3tot npH3HaK h yKa3aTb xeAaeMoro BAa«eAbna (cm. nepBHH npHMep).
n0«06HHH 3^^eKT cB0pa^HBaHHh «eHCTBHh M0XH0 Ha6AM«aTb h Ha ypoBHe c^0B006pa30BaHHH - b HcnoAb3yro^Hxca b 3aroBopHHx TeKcTax raaroAbHbix npe^HKcax - 3to npex«e Bcero uz-, su-, nu-, is-, pa-, at-, KaK npaBHAo, HMero^He 3HaneHHe 3aK0HneHH0r0 «chctbhh, 0T«aAeHHH, h3i>hthh. npHHeM MHorHe npHCTaB0HHbie raaroAbi 06pa30BaHH HcKyccTBeHHo - b AHTepaTypHoM H3HKe hx He cy^ecrayeT, hto e^e öoAbme no«nepKHBaeT 3HaneHHe npHcTaB0K b paccMaTpHBaeMbix TeKcTax.
E^e 0«HH np0«yKTHBHHH cy^^HKc, Hcn0Ab3yeMHH «AH 06pa30BaHHH HHHoBauHH - -yb-. C noMo^bro 3Toro cy^^HKca npoHcxo«HT npeBpa^eHHe npH3HaKa, BbipaxeHHoro npHAaraTeAbHbiM, b a6crpaKTHoe cy^ecTBHTeAbHoe. HapH«y c cy^e-cTByro^HMH 06pa30BaHHHMH ot npHAaraTeAbHHx: piktybe '3ao', blogybe '3ao', bjaurybe 'Mep3ocTb', gerybe '«o6po', galybe 'Mory^ecrao, Mo^b', sviesybe 'cBeT, cBeTAocTb', nera-mybe '6ecnoKoftcTBo', aukstybe 'BHcoTa', b 3aroBopax tohbahmtch no aHaAorHH zemybe 'HH3ocTb' (aht. zemumas) hah '*3eMAHHocTb', dangybe '*He6ecHocTb', baltybe '6eAH3Ha' (aht. baltumas), margybe 'necrpoTa' (aht. margumas). BeponTHo, npHHHHa Bbiöopa HMeHHo 3Toro cy^^HKca 3aKAronaeTca He T0AbK0 b 06pa30BaHHH no aHaAorHH, ho h b tom, hto cy^^HKc -yb- HMeeT 3HaneHHe 6oAee a6cTpaKTHoe, neM cy^ecreyro^HH «ah o6o3HaneHHH 3thx caob b AHTepaTypHoM H3HKe -um-. AöcTpaKTHocTb Heo6xo«HMa «ah co3«aHHH aBT0H0MH0cTH, caMocToHTeAbHocTH «aHHoro npH3HaKa, KaK yxe 0TMenaA0cb BHme. Aah «ocTHxeHHH o6paTHHx neAefi HcnoAb3yeTcH KaK pa3 cy^^HKc -um-: Kaule, kaule, gyvas kaule! Ataduo mana grazumc, pasim sava lauzimy. 'KocTb, KocTb, xHBaH KocTb! OT«afi Moro KpacoTy, 3a6epH cBoro A0M0Ty' (TD, p. 181, N 460). B 3tom npHMepe no«nepKHBaeTcH npHHa«AexHocTb 3Toro npH3HaKa 3aroBapHBaro^eMy - grazumas He MoxeT cy^ecTB0BaTb aBT0H0MH0 b oTAHHHe ot grazybe, o6o3Hanaro^ero a6coAroTHoe n0HHTHe KpacoTH.
Pe3yAbTaT0M cTpeMAeHHH k cHMyAbTaHHocTH h cnpeccoBaHHocTH hbahmtch e^e h rHÖpH«Hbie cA0Ba - HoMHHauHH, 06pa30BaHHHe ot «Byx npHAaraTeAbHHx hah npHAara-TeAbHoro+cy^ecTBHTeAbHoe, HanpHMep: ilgauodege '*«AHHHoxBocTKa', saltuodege '*x0A0«H0xB0cTKa', gelezinuodege '*xeAe3HoxBocTKa', raudonamarge '*KpacHonecTpyxa', zalamarge '*6yponecTpyxa' (o6pa^eHHH k 3Mee), a TaKxe npHAaraTeAbHoe, o6o3Hanaro^ee npH3HaK kpobh - ugniavystas, cAoxeHHoe H3 «Byx caob: ugnis 'oroHb' h vysta 'pa3MH0xaeTcH, pa3B0«HTcH'.
HTaK, MH BH«HM, HT0 ^AbM 3ar0B0pa HBAHeTcH npHBe«eHHe B n0pH«0K 06teKT0B
MHpo3«aHHH nepe3 co3«aHHe 3aK0HneHH0H cnpeccoBaHHofi cTpyKTypH, noxoxeft Ha
CKaTyro b komok npyxHHy, r0T0Byro k y^apy, h np0H3Be^eHHe caMoro 3Toro y^apa (c noMombro HanpaB^eHHoro ^eñcTBHH. H, HaKOHeu, 3aBepmaro^HM 3Tan0M 3aroBopHoro ^eHCTBHH HB^aeTCH B03BpameHHe b HCxo^Hyro TOHKy b ^pyroM KanecTBe: to ecTb HaHeceHHHH y^ap ^o^xeH npHHecTH pe3ynbTaT h BOccTaHOBHTb paBHOBecHe b cHCTeMe. H b CTpyKType TeKCTa npoaB^aeTca uHKTHHHOCTb ycTpoñcTBa, Bceo6maa CBH3aHH0CTb 06teKT0B, acconnaTHBHOCTb.
AcconnaTHBHOCTb, HB^HrornaacH npHHUHnHMbHOH 0C06eHH0CTbro ne^OBenecKoro MbimreHHH B006me, npoaB^aeTca b TeKCTax 3ar0B0p0B Ha Bcex ypoBHHx, 6y^b to cbh3h no npoTHBono^oxHHM, cxoxhm oth CMexHHM npH3HaKaM. HanpHMep: CBH3b no npH3HaKy np0THB0n0^0XH0CTH:
Zemés zemybe, Dangaus dangybe, Gyvatéspiktybe, Ataduok müsc gérybi, Imksavopik-tybi '*3eM^HH0CTb 3eMTH, *He6ecH0CTb He6a, 3M6a 3MeH, 0T#añ Hamy #o6poTy, B03bMH CBoro 3^o6y' (LTR 3863 (131)); no CHHOHOMHHHOMy npH3HaKy:
Éda mane kartelis, kai vilkas avi, kai katépele, kai suva mésc. 'Ect MeHH H3xora, KaK bo^k OBuy, KaK KomKa MHmb, KaK co6aKa mhco' (Balys, p. 69, N 445); no npH3HaKy CMexHOCTH:
Dievo sünus kléti kirto aukso gegne statydamas. As uzdésiu vario vartus, kad ten lasai netekétc. Amen 'Eoxhh chh aM6ap Bbipy6M 30^0THe CTponma ctpoh. R nocTaB^ro MeflHHe BopoTa, hto6h TaM KanjiH He TeKjiH. AMHHb' (Balys, p.80, N 518); Ugniavystas kraujas, paparcio ziedas. Aprimo upé. Tegul sitas kraujas nustos tekét. 'Pa3BHBaromaacH orHeM KpoBb, uBeTOK nanopoTHHKa. YcnoKomacb peKa. nycTb 3Ta KpoBb nepecTaHeT Tenb' (Mansikka, p. 69, N 22); no 3ByK0B0My cxo^CTBy:
Ciuzu ciuzute, slamu slamute: kam pasmaugei mano dukteri ir padéjai po akmeniu kaip suri?... '*ffle^ecTe-me^ecTe^Ka, *mypma-mypma^Ka: 3aneM 3aflymma Moro #0Hb h nmoxraa no^ KaMeHb KaK cnp?...' (LT, p. 896, N 9289); Tu Grizus, as krizius, tu bégsi, as kcsiu, kai kcsiu, nukesiu. Amt, amt, amt 'Tbi TpHxyc, h KpecT (kpiekioc), Tbi By^emb 6exaTb, a 6y^y KycaTb, KaK yKymy, OTKymy. Am, aM, aM.' (Mansikka, p. 95, N 132).
TaKaa accouHaTHBHaa B3aHM0CBH3aHH0CTb 06teKT0B, r^e flOCTaTOHHO o^hoto npH3HaKa, hto6h CBH3aTb ^meKHe #pyr ot ^pyra o6teKTH, He MOxeT He npHBO^HTb k arorraMy h a6cyp^H0CTH. HaHHHaa ot CTpaHHOCTeñ b pa3BHTHH croxeTa #0 0C06eHH0CTeñ pacno^oxeHHH 06teKT0B b np0CTpaHCTBe. HanpHMep: Ak as esmu ne marios, ne mariose stoviu, stoviu upéj, unt tos upés stalas, unt to stalo balta skotertis, unt tos baltos skoterties trys torelkos stovi, unt te trijc tarelkc trys peiliai su bulavom stovi, uz to stalo sédi Ponas Jézusis Kristusis. NN (Jonukas) nezinomas jima peili su bulavu, pjauna macice, unt sitos minutos pribuvo Panelé Svinciausia su silkiniu siülu; siülas trukite, macica paskavokite po sitam cesui, po sitai minutei, zaria rytiné ir vakariné 'R He Ha Mope, He Ha Mope CToro, CToro Ha peKe, Ha toh peKe cto^, Ha tom cTO^e 6e^aa cKaTepTb, Ha toh 6e^oñ cKaTepTH TpH Tape^KH ctoht, Ha Tex Tpex Tape^Kax tph Hoxa c 6ynaBaMH ctoht, 3a TeM cto^om ch#ht Tocno^b HHcyc Xphctoc. NN HeH3BecTHbiñ 6epeT hox c 6ynaB0H, pexeT MaTHuy, b 3Ty MHHyTy npH6bma npecBHTaa ^eBa c me^KOBOH hhtkoh; HHTKa nopBHCb, MaTHua, Ha MecTO CTaHOBHCb b 3tot Hac, b 3Ty MHHyry, 3apa yrpeHHHH h BenepHaa' (Mansikka, p.99, N 160); Sédziu ant baltc maric, siuvu balta karüna, kad sitoji rona taip pabaltc, kaip toji karüna 'Cnxy Ha 6eji0M Mope, mbro 6ejiyro KopoHy, hto6h 3Ta paHa TaK no6ejiejia, KaK Ta KopoHa' (Balys, p.79, N 512); Zema zemynela, unpirkelés upelé, un tos upeles aniolas
švintasai. Amen, Amen, Amen '3eMiH 3eMiHia, Ha H3Öe penKa, Ha Toft penKe aHrei cbhtoh. AMHHb, AMHHb, AMHHb' (Stukenaité-Decikiené, p. 124, N4). HeoöbinHbi TaKxe cBoftcTBa h fleftcTBHH HpeflMeToB h HepcoHaxeft: KpoBb paciBeTaeT orHeM, KaMeHb 3aTaHi flbxaHHe, y coiHia ecTb moioko, y Boflbi - HorH. HaHpHMep: Sauléspienas, akmenio kraujas, saulés aptemimas, kraujo nustojimas 'Moioko coiHia, KpoBb KaMHH, 3aTMeHHe coiHia, ocTaHoBKa kpobh' (Mansikka, p. 69, N 21).
TaKHM o6pa3oM mh hphxo^hm k ToMy, nTo oHHcbiBaeMbift b 3aroBopax MHp HBifleTCH B KaKoft-To cTeHeHH aHTHHofloM MHpy peaibHoMy, B Toft ^opMe iorHHecKHX cBH3eft, b KoTopoft mh ero BocHpHHHMaeM. 9tot MHp oTpaxaeT cKopee Heoco3HaHHHe, HeiorHHecKHe Hpoieccbi, HpoHcxoflH^He b HameM Hoflco3HaHHH, BepoHTHo, 3thm oö^hch^tch h cxoflcTBo HeKoTopbx cTpyKTyp c MexaHH3MaMH accoiHaiHft - Beflb accoiHaiHH oTpaxaroT cKpHTHe, Heoco3HaBaeMHe Hpoieccbi MbimieHHH. BepoHTHo, BBHfly 3Toro oHHcHBaeMbft b 3aroBopax BocHpHHHMaeTcH HaMH KaK mhp HaoöopoT, aHTHMHp. HeflapoM b 3aroBopax HcHoib3yeTcH öoibmoe KoiHnecTBo cTpyKTyp c oTpHiaHHeM, 6yib to oTpHiaHHe HpeflHKaTa, cBoftcTBa, aTpHÖyTa hih aKTaHTa, HaHpHMep: Paukštis be pieno, akmuo be sparne, vanduo be kraujo. 'ÜTHiia öe3 MoioKa, KaMeHb 6e3 KpbiibeB, Bofla 6e3 kpobh' (Mansikka, p. 81, N 75); Ne ašplaku, prakeiktas garas plaka, per amžie amžius. Amen. 'He h ceKy, HpoKjiHTbift flyx ceneT, bo BeKH BeKoB. AMHHb' (LTR 5561(79)); Ne labas rytas, ne labas vakaras. 'He floöpoe yTpo, He floöpbift Benep' (Balys, p. 65, N 432). 9tot xe HpHeM ocy^ecTBiaeTCH b 3aroBopax, "3aKoflHpoBaHHHx" HepecTaBieHHeM cioroB, HaHpHMep: Te, va, gi, da, jo, da, ru, du, var, nia, vel, skie, ku, nie, na, ma, Jonas [= Gyvate, juoda, ruda! vardu velnio - nekaskit mano Jono!] '= 3MeH, nepHaH, KopHnHeBaH! HMeHeM nepTa - He KycaftTe Moero HoHaca!' (Mansikka, p. 77, N 58); Eik, ši, sis, ta, keik, pra, šliû, žas, iš, gaus, žmo, nes, jau, šei, ter, su, ji, tar, da, ni, ve, gy, ne, ja, rei, da, pa, les, de, di, nas, ra, šv., ja, ri, Ma, ir, si, vi, ji, tie, šven, kit, dé, pa, te, lé, ga, per, sios, to, pi, sios, dva, bus, dar. [= Išeik, prakeiktasis šliužas, iš žmogaus, nes jau suteršei ji, dabar gyveni jame, padarei dideles ronas. Šv. Marija, visi švetieji, padékitpergalétipiktosios dvasios darbus] '= BbiftflH, HpoKiHTbift ciH3eHb, h3 neioBeKa, HoTOMy nTo th 3araflHi ero, TeHepb xHBemb b HeM, cfleiai öoibmHe paHbi. Cb. MapHH, Bce cBHTbie, HoMorHTe HpeofloieTb fleia 3ioro flyxa' (Mansikka, p. 76, N 53). Hm-epecro, nTo b HepBoM HpHBefleHHoM 3aroBope eflHHcTBeHHbiM HeHepeBepHyTHM ciobom HBiaeTCH hmh öoibHoro - Jonas, a bo btopom - ciH3eHb (šliužas). HMeHHo 3th cioBa hbihmtch Kaxflbift b cBoeM TeKcTe ^oKycoM, BoKpyr KoToporo coÖHpaeTcH bch HH^opMaiHH, bo3moxho, Ho3ToMy oh floixeH öbiTb Ha3BaH 6e3 HcKaxeHHft, - 3to Ta nacTb peaibHoro MHpa, KoTopaH floiXHa ÖblTb neTKo 3KcHiHIHpoBaHa. nofloÖHHM oÖpa3oM 3aKoflHpoBaHHbft TeKcT HaHoMHHaeT 3aKiHHaHHH THHa aöpaKaflaöpb, h HoToMy MoxeT cnHTaTbcH cHibHHM opyxHeM (HeHoHHTHoe Bcerfla BH3HBaeT cTpax).
Bo3moxho, He Bce HcHoib3yeMHe b ihtobckhx 3aroBopax HpHeMH HamiH oTpaxeHHe b 3thx 3aMeTKax, HHTepecHo öhio öh fleTaibHee hx HcciefloBaTb h cpaBHHTb c flpyrHMH TpaflHiHHMH. KaKHe-To HpHHiHHbi opraHH3aiHH 3aroBopHoro TeKcTa, TpaflHiHoHHHe fliH ciaBHHcKHx TpaflHiHft, HaHpHMep, b ihtobckhx 3aroBopax He HcHoib3yroTcH, KaKHe-To, HaoöopoT, HpHcy^H HMeHHo ihtobckhm, ho He BCTpenaroTCH B ciaBHHcKHX HiH flpyTHX, a HeKoTOpbie, Bo3MoXHo, HBiHMTCH yHHBepcaibHbIMH. ^HToBcKHe flaHHHe b 3Toft cbh3h HpeflcTaBiHMTcH leHHHMH b cHiy HpeflHoiaraeMoft apxaHnHocTH iHToBcKoro ^oibKiopa, TO ecTb TO, nTo B ciaBHHcKHX TpaflHiHHx TpaHc^opMHpoBaiocb, Bo3MoXHo, HoHaB Hofl BiHHHHe XpHcTHaHcTBa, HiH ho KaKHM-
^h6o apyrHM npHHHHaM, b ^htobckom ^o^bKrope ocTaeTca b ^ocTaTonHofi CTeneHH HeH3MeHHHM. H sto KacaeTca npex^e Bcero CTpyKTypH TeKCTa - KpaTKOCTb ^opMbi, 3aK^HHaTe^bHHH xapaKTep 3aroBopoB h oco6aa po^b HMeHH b rpaMMaTHnecKHx KOHCTpyKqHHx, CKopee Bcero, c^yxaT ^OKa3aTe^bCTBOM hx apxannHoro
npOHCXOX^eHHH.
CnncoK coKpameHHH
.HeBH-Crpoc - Meeu-Cmpocc K. nepBo6biTHoe MHmaeHie. MocKBa, 1994 MnxaräoBa - Muxaünoea T. A. K "rpaMMaTHKe" 3aroBopa (o mOBecHOH MarHH b ÄpeBHenp^aHflCKOH noaranecKoft Tpa^H^n) // Bonpocbi H3biK03HaHHH, M 2, 1997
MHM - mh^h Hapo^OB MHpa. 3HnHKnone^HH. MocKBa, 1997
Balys - Balys J. Liaudies magija ir medicina. Bloomington, Indiana, 1951
Cicenas - Cicenas J. Vilniaus tautosaka. Daugeliškiniai burtai, Vilnius, 1934
Elisonas Gyvate - Elisonas J. Pantine gyvate (Vipera berus) // Kosmos, 1930, N 6
Elisonas. Ropliai - Elisonas J. Müsc krašto ropliai lietuvic folkloro šviesoje // Müsc
tautosaka. Kaunas, III t., 1931 Kreve-Mickevičius - Kreve-Mickevičius V. Kerai. // Tauta ir žodis, IV, 1926 LKAG - Liaudies kürybos archyvo garsojrašai (Lietuvos liaudies kultüros centras) LT - Lietuvic tautosaka. V t., (Smulkioji tautosaka, žaidimai ir šokiai), Vilnius, 1968 LTR - Lietuvic tautosakos rankraštynas (Lietuvic literatüros ir tautosakos institutas) Mansikka - Mansikka V. Litauische Zauberspruche. Helsinki, 1929 Miškinis - Miškinis J. Trys šimtai dzükc burtc ir prietarc // Tauta ir žodis, IV, Kaunas, 1926 Stukenaite-Decikiene - Stukenaite-Decikiene Pr. Užkalbejimai Švenčionic apskrity. //
Gimtasai kraštas, 1941 - VIII m. 1-2(28-29nr.) TD - Vilniaus krašto lietuvic tautosaka // Tautosakos darbai, t.IV, Kaunas,1938 m.
Reflections on the Distinctive Structure of Oral World Images in the Structural Organization of Discourse (Based on Lithuanian Invocations)
Marija Zavjalova
Invocations have much in common with the distinctiveness of primeval magic and human thought, particularly as concerns the desire to restore the world as integral and conclusive in form. Repetition, both at the level of groups of sentences as well as in the framework of individual syntagms or words, serves this above-mentioned tendency. Quantitatively speaking, an even number of repetitions of roots such as "grom grmi" as well as of diminutive or augmentative suffixes, describes a static reality, while an odd number of repetitions refers to a dynamic passing to the next level corroborated by a prompt omission of the verb. Phonetic repetition may also occur forwards and backwards in terms of anagrams and word play. As far as the employment of word order is concerned, the static state of the noun is similar to the present tense of performative verbs. In the case of verb forms, one observes a distinctive domination of the imperative and future tenses over the conditional tense. The varied use of participles, gerunds, and verbal nouns serves to maintain of a unified and definitive structure. Compared to Slavic invocations, Lithuanian interviews are less burdened by more recent transmutations.