Scientific paper
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Benzohydroxamate-Coordinated Vanadium(V) Oxo Complexes with Aroylhydrazone Ligands
Shao-Song Qian,1 Xinlu Zhao,2 Jia Wang2 and Zhonglu You1,2 *
1 School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, ZiBo 255049, P. R. China 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China * Corresponding author: E-mail: youzhonglu@lnnu.edu.cn
Received: 18-03-2015
Abstract
Reaction of [VO(acac)2] (where acac = acetylacetonate), benzohydroxamic acid (Hbha), and two similar aroylhydrazone ligands in methanol produced two benzohydroxamate-coordinated mononuclear vanadium(V) oxo complexes with general formula [VOL(bha)], where L = L1 = N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-fluorobenzohydrazide (H2L1), and L = L2 = N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-fluorobenzohydrazide (H2L2). Crystal and molecular structures of the complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. All of the investigated compounds were further characterized by elemental analysis, and FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray structural studies reveal that the V atoms in both complexes are in octahedral coordination with the benzohydrazone ligands coordinated to the VO cores through phenolate O, imino N, and enolate O atoms, and the benzohydroxamate ligands coordinated to the VO cores through deprotonated hydroxyl O and carbonyl O atoms. Thermal stability of the complexes was studied.
Keywords: Vanadium complex; Aroylhydrazone ligand; Crystal structure; X-ray diffraction; Thermal property
1. Introduction
Vanadium is an essential trace element for different organisms. The increasing interest in coordination chemistry of vanadium is derived from its well-established chemical and biological functions.1 Much attention has been paid to the study of behavior and functions of vanadium in biological systems2 as well as its catalytic and pharmaceutical applications.3 Hydrazone derivatives and their metal complexes have been intensively studied for their potential applications in material and medicinal chemistry.4 These ligands can due to their facile keto-enol and the availability of several potential donor sites chelate metal atoms in versatile manners.5 In recent years, most vanadium complexes with Schiff base ligands have been proved to have insulin mimetic property.6 However, vanadium(V) complexes with
Br
h,L'	H2L-
aroylhydrazones, a special type of Schiff bases, have been much less studied. In the present work, we report the synthesis and structures of two new vanadium(V) oxo complexes with general formula [VOL(bha)], where L = L1 = N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-fluoroben-zohydrazide (H2L1), and L = L2 = N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-fluorobenzohydrazide (H2L2).
2. Experimental
2. 1. Materials and Measurements
Commercially available 5-bromosalicylaldehyde, 3-bromosalicylaldehyde and 2-fluorobenzohydrazide were purchased from Aldrich and used without further purification. Other solvents and reagents were made in China and used as received. C, H and N elemental analyses were performed with a Perkin-Elmer elemental analyser. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Nicolet AVATAR 360 spectrometer as KBr pellets in the 4000-400 cm-1 region. UV-Vis spectra were recorded on a Lambda 900 spectrometer. Thermal stability analysis was performed on a Perkin-El-mer Pyris Diamond TG-DTA thermal analyses system.
2. 2. Synthesis of H2L1 and H2L2
5-Bromosalicylaldehyde or 3-bromosalicylaldehyde (1.0 mmol, 0.20 g) and 2-fluorobenzohydrazide (1.0 mmol, 0.15 g) were dissolved in methanol (30 mL) with stirring. The mixture was stirred for about 30 min at room temperature to give clear solution. The solvent was evaporated to give colorless crystalline products. For H2L1: Yield, 93%. Analysis: Found: C 49.73%, H 3.12%, N 8.40%. Calculated for C14H10BrFN2O2: C 49.88%, H 2.99%, N 8.31%. For H2L1: Yield, 96%. Analysis: Found: C 49.68%, H 3.04%, N 8.43%. Calculated for C14H10Br FN2O2: C 49.88%, H 2.99%, N 8.31%.
2. 3. Synthesis of the Complexes
A methanolic solution (10 mL) of [VO(acac)2] (0.10 mmol, 26.5 mg) was added to a methanolic solution (10 mL) of H2L (0.10 mmol, 33.7 mg) and benzohydroxamic acid (0.10 mmol, 13.7 mg) with stirring. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature to give deep brown solution. The resulting solution was allowed to stand in air for a few days. Brown block-shaped crystals suitable for X-ray single crystal diffraction were formed at the bottom of the vessel. The isolated products were washed three times with cold methanol, and dried in air. For [VOL1(bha)] (1): Yield, 45%. Analysis: Found: C 46.93%, H 2.70%, N 7.68%. Calculated for C21H14BrFN3O5V: C 46.86%, H 2.62%, N 7.81%. For [VOL2(bha)] (2): Yield, 53%. Analysis: Found: C 46.72%, H 2.71%, N 7.73%. Calculated for C21H14BrFN3O5V: C 46.86%, H 2.62%, N 7.81%.
2. 4. X-ray Crystallography
Diffraction intensities for the complexes were collected at 298(2) K using a Bruker D8 VENTURE PHO-
Table 1. Crystallographic data and refinement parameters for the complexes
	1	2
Chemical formula	C21HMBrFN3O5V	C21HMBrFN3O5V
Mr	538.2	538.2
Crystal color, habit	Brown, block	Brown, block
Crystal size (mm3)	0.23 X 0.23 X 0.22	0.32 X 0.30 X 0.27
Crystal system	Monoclinic	Monoclinic
Space group	P21/c	C2/c
a (À)	10.0532(8)	27.4352(19)
b (À)	17.2727(15)	7.6107(5)
c (À)	12.1902(10)	20.9839(14)
ß(°)	102.511(2)	100.193(2)
V (À3)	2066.5(3)	4312.3(5)
Z	4	8
Dcalc(g cm-3)	1.730	1.658
Temperature (K)	298(2)	298(2)
^ (mm-1)	2.463	2.360
F(000)	1072	2144
Number of unique data	3835	4003
Number of observed	2928	3256
data [I > 2o(I)]		
Number of parameters	293	293
Number of restraints	1	1
R1, wR2 [I > 2a(I)]	0.0462, 0.1213	0.0385, 0.0904
Rj, wR2 (all data)	0.0692, 0.1366	0.0530, 0.0974
Goodness of fit on F2	1.057	1.029
Table 2. Selected bond distances (À) and angles (°) for the complexes
1
V(1)-O(1)	1.867(3)	V(1)-O(2)	1.950(3)
V(1)-O(3)	2.185(3)	V(1)-O(4)	1.859(3)
V(1)-O(5)	1.581(3)	V(1)-N(1)	2.079(3)
O(5)-V(1)-O(4)	97.28(14)	O(5)-V(1)-O(1)	98.83(16)
O(4)-V(1)-O(1)	105.73(13)	O(5)-V(1)-O(2)	98.85(15)
O(4)-V(1)-O(2)	90.54(12)	O(1)-V(1)-O(2)	154.15(13)
O(5)-V(1)-N(1)	101.21(14)	O(4)-V(1)-N(1)	157.66(13)
O(1)-V(1)-N(1)	83.80(13)	O(2)-V(1)-N(1)	74.37(12)
O(5)-V(1)-O(3)	173.51(14)	O(4)-V(1)-O(3)	76.37(11)
O(1)-V(1)-O(3)	84.34(12)	O(2)-V(1)-O(3)	80.08(12)
N(1)-V(1)-O(3)	84.72(11)		
2			
V(1)-O(1)	1.870(2)	V(1)-O(2)	1.9410(19)
V(1)-O(3)	2.192(2)	V(1)-O(4)	1.8564(19)
V(1)-O(5)	1.587(2)	V(1)-N(1)	2.061(2)
O(5)-V(1)-O(4)	95.47(10)	O(5)-V(1)-O(1)	98.17(11)
O(4)-V(1)-O(1)	106.70(9)	O(5)-V(1)-O(2)	102.00(10)
O(4)-V(1)-O(2)	90.45(8)	O(1)-V(1)-O(2)	152.09(9)
O(5)-V(1)-N(1)	98.15(10)	O(4)-V(1)-N(1)	161.31(9)
O(1)-V(1)-N(1)	84.00(9)	O(2)-V(1)-N(1)	74.26(8)
O(5)-V(1)-O(3)	170.98(9)	O(4)-V(1)-O(3)	75.97(8)
O(1)-V(1)-O(3)	81.88(9)	O(2)-V(1)-O(3)	81.18(8)
N(1)-V(1)-O(3)	90.83(8)		
TON diffractometer with Mo Ka radiation (X = 0.71073 À). The collected data were reduced using SAINT pro-gram,7 and multi-scan absorption corrections were performed using SADABS program.8 Structures of the complexes were solved by direct methods and refined against F2 by full-matrix least-squares methods using SHELXTL.9 All of the non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropi-cally. The amino H atoms in both structures were located from difference Fourier maps and refined isotropically, with N-H distances restrained to 0.90(1) À. The remaining H atoms were placed in idealized positions and constrained to ride on their parent atoms. Crystallographic data for the complexes are summarized in Table 1. Selected bond lengths and angles are given in Table 2.
3. Results and Discussion
3. 1. General
Replacement of two acetylacetonate ligands in [VO(acac)2] by aroylhydrazone ligands and benzohydro-xamate ligands in methanol resulted in the formation of two isomeric structures. In both complexes, the dinegative aroylhydrazone ligands are coordinated to VO cores via phenolate O, imino N, and enolate O atoms, and the mono-negative aroylhydroxamate ligand coordinated to the VO cores via deprotonated hydroxyl O atom and carbonyl O atom. The complexes are soluble in DMF, DMSO, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile. Molar conductance of complexes 1 and 2 at concentration of 10-4 M are 17 and 20 Q-1 cm2 mol-1, respectively, indicating they are non-electrolytes.
3. 2. Crystal Structure Description of the Complexes
The molecular structures and atom numbering schemes of complexes 1 and 2 are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The coordination geometry around each V atom is highly distorted octahedral. In each complex, the aroylhydrazone ligand behaves in a tridentate manner in which the phenolate O, imino N, and enolate O atoms occupy a meridional plane. The benzohydroxamate ligand behaves in a bidentate manner, and coordinates to the V atom through the deprotonated hydroxyl O atom and the carbonyl O atom. The equatorial plane of each octahedral coordination is defined by O(1), N(1), O(2), and O(4) atoms, and the axial positions are occupied by O(3) and O(5) atoms. The octahedral geometries are much deviated, as evidenced by the corresponding bond lengths and angles. The V(1)-O(3) bonds are significantly longer than the other V-O bonds, yet, it is not uncommon for such complexes.10 Atoms O(1), O(2), N(1), and O(4) in both complexes that define a plane show high degree of plana-rity, with the V atoms displaced by 0.297(1) À for 1 and 0.273(1) À for 2 toward the axial oxo groups. All bond
Figure 1. ORTEP plot of the crystal structure of 1. Displacement ellipsoids of non-hydrogen atoms are drawn at the 30% probability
level.
Figure 2. ORTEP plot of the crystal structure of 2. Displacement ellipsoids of non-hydrogen atoms are drawn at the 30% probability
level.
lengths in the complexes are almost equal within the standard deviations, and comparable to those observed in similar vanadium(V) complexes.10 The angular distortion in the octahedral environment around V comes from the five-and six-membered chelate rings taken by the aroylhydrazone ligands. For the same reason, the trans angles significantly deviate from the ideal values of 180°. The ben-zohydrazone ligand in 1 is approximately planar, with dihedral angle between the benzene rings of 3.7(3)°, while that in 2 is much twisted, with dihedral angle of 25.5(5)°.
In the crystal structure of 1 (Figure 3), molecules are linked through intermolecular N-H—N hydrogen bonds [N(3)-H(3) = 0.90(1) À, H(3)-N(2)i = 2.11(1) À, N(3)-N(2)i = 3.005(5) À, N(3)-H(3)-N(2)i = 172(4)°; symmetry code for i: x, 3/2 - y, -1/2 + z], to form 1D chains running down the c axis. In the crystal structure of 2 (Figure 4), molecules are linked through intermolecular N(3)-H(3)—N(2) and N(3)-H(3)-F(1) hydrogen bonds
Figure 3. Packing of molecules for compound 1. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.
Figure 4. Packing of molecules for compound 2. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.
[N(3)-H(3) = 0.90(1) A, H(3)-N(2)ii = 2.10(2) A, N(3)-N(2)ii = 2.915(3) A, N(3)-H(3)-N(2)ii = 150(3)°; N(3)-H(3) = 0.90(1) A, H(3)-F(1)ii = 2.29(3) A, N(3)-F(1)ii = 2.866(3) A, N(3)-H(3)-F(1)ii = 122(2)°; symmetry code for ii: x, -1 + y, z], to form 1D chains running down the b axis. There are no other obvious weak interactions among the molecules of the complexes.
3. 3. IR and UV-Vis Spectra
The arolhydrazone ligands showed stretching bands attributed to C=O, C=N, C-OH and NH at about 1655, 1635, 1155 and 1238, and 3245 cm-1, respectively. Both
complexes exhibit typical bands at about 973 and 977 cm-1, assigned to V=O vibration. The bands due to vC=O and vNH were absent in the complexes, but new C-O stretches appeared at 1275 cm-1 for 1 and 1282 cm-1 for 2. This suggests occurrence of keto-enol of the ligands during complexation. The vC=N absorption observed at about 1635 cm-1 in the free aroylhydrazone ligands shifted to 1605 cm-1 for 1 and 1600 cm-1 for 2 upon coordination to V atoms. The weak peaks in low wave numbers in the region 400-600 cm-1 may be attributed to V-O and V-N bonds in the complexes.
The acetonitrile solutions of the complexes with concentration of 10-5 molL-1 have been used to record the electronic spectra. The main features of all the spectra are quite similar (Figures 5 and 6). There are absorptions within the range 500-380 nm in the complexes. This can be attributed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions (LMCT). The high energy absorptions in the range 310-380 nm are most likely due to the transition involving ligand orbitals only.
Figure 5. UV-vis spectrum of complex 1.
Figure 6. UV-vis spectrum of complex 2.
3. 4. Thermal Property
Differential thermal (DT) and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) were conducted to examine the stability of the complexes (Figure 7 for 1 and Figure 8 for 2). For 1, the first step started at 120 °C and ended at 130 °C, with a weight loss of 3%, might be caused by the loss of the cohesive solvent. Actually, the complex was first decomposed from 205 °C and completed at 520 °C, corresponding to the loss of the ligands and formation of V2O5. The observed weight loss of 82.2% is close to the calculated value of 83.1%. For 2, it was first decomposed from 165 °C and completed at 490 °C, corresponding to the loss of the ligands and formation of V2O5. The observed weight loss of 81.9% is close to the calculated value of 83.1%.
Temperatili
Figure 7. DT-TGA curve of 1.
400 600 S00 Temperature ("C)
Figure 8. DT-TGA curve of 2.
4. Conclusion
In summary, two aroylhydroxamate-coordinated mononuclear vanadium(V) oxo complexes with similar benzohydrazone ligands have been prepared and structu-
rally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as elemental analysis and FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra. The aroylhydrazone ligands coordinate to the V atoms through the phenoalte O, imino N, and enolate O atoms. Thermal stability of the complexes has also been studied, and the final product is V2O5.
5. Supplementary Information
CCDC-967486 (1) and 967487 (2) contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge at http://www.ccdc. cam.ac.uk/const/retrieving.html or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: +44(0)1223-336033 or e-mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk.
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Povzetek
Pri reakciji [VÖ(acac)2] (acac = acetilacetonat) z benzohidroksamsko kislino (Hbha) in dvema sorodnima aroilhidra-zonskima ligandoma v metanolu nastaneta dva enojedrna vanadijeva(V) okso benzohidroksamatna kompleksa s splošno formulo [VOL(bha)], kjer je L = L1 = N'-(5-bromo-2-hidroksibenziliden)-2-fluorobenzohidrazid (HjL1), in L = L2 = N'-(3-bromo-2-hidroksibenziliden)-2-fluorobenzohidrazid (H2L2). Kristalna in molekulska struktura kompleksov je bila določena z rentgensko monokristalno difrakcijo. Obe proučevani spojini sta bili nadalje okarakterizirani z elementno analizo ter FT-IR in UV-Vis spektroskopijo. Rentgenska monokristalna analiza je pokazala, da sta V atoma v obeh kompleksih oktaedrično koordinirana z benzohidrazonskim ligandom, ki je na VO skupino vezan preko fenolatnega O, iminskega N in enolatnega O atoma, ter z benzohidroksamatnim ligandom, ki je na VO skupino vezan preko deprotoni-ranega hidroksidnega O in karbonilnega O atoma. Študirana je bila termična stabilnost obeh kompleksov.