HACQUETIA 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 synTAxonomy AnD nomEnClATUrE oF THE AlPInE HEATHs (THE ClAss LOISELEuRIO- VACCINIETEA) In THE WEsTErn CArPATHIAns Jozef ŠIBík1, Ján kLIMEnT2, Ivan JARoLíMEk1, Zuzana DúBRAVCoVá , Radmila BěLoHLáVkoVá4 & Libuše PACLoVá5 Abstract The article refers to the syntaxonomical revision of plant communities of the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea from the territory of the Western Carpathians. This class relates to alpine and subalpine heathlands of Eurasia mountain systems dominated by ericaceous species. All available relevés were analysed using the numerical approach. The floristic and ecological characteristics of the associations are given, and the relationships with allied syntaxa are discussed. Analysed communities are divided into two alliances, the Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, and the Vaccinion myrtilli. Within these alliances, a new association (Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri), and subassociations (Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae typicum and empetretosum nigri, Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis typicum and empetretosum nigri, Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae vaccinietosum gaultherioidis and dianthetosum nitidi, Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri typicum and luzuletosum alpinopilosae) are described. The authors also highlight far less known valid names of the associations Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae and Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli (incl. Vaccinietum myrtilli), validate the names of the associations Cetrario nivalis- Vaccinietum gaultherioidis and Junco trifidi-Callunetum, and propose a new name for the association Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri on calcareous bedrocks (Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae). Key words: heaths, numerical classification, Slovakia, syntaxonomy, Western Carpathians Izvleček V članku je predstavljena sintaksonomska revizija rastlinskih združb razreda Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea z območja Zahodnih karpatov. Razred združuje alpinske in subalpinske resave evroazijskega gorskega sistema, v katerih dominirajo erikoidne vrste. Za analizo popisnega gradiva so avtorji uporabili numeričen pristop. Podali so floristične in ekološke značilnosti asociacij in obravnavali razmerje s sorodnimi sintaksoni. obravnavane združbe so razdelili v dve zvezi Loiseleurio-Vaccinion in Vaccinion myrtilli. opisali so novo asociacijo (Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri) in subasociacije (Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae typicum and empetretosum nigri, Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis typicum in empetretosum nigri, Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae vaccinietosum gaultherioidis in dianthetosum nitidi, Sphagno capillifolii- Empetretum nigri typicum in luzuletosum alpinopilosae. Avtorji so opozorili na manj znana veljavna imena asociacij Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae in Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli (incl. Vaccinietum myrtilli), potrdili so veljavnost imen asociacij Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis in Junco trifidi-Callunetum in predlagali novo ime za asociacijo Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri na apnenčastih skalah (Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae). Ključne besede: resave, numerična klasifikacija, Slovaška, sintaksonomija, zahodni karpati 1 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, Sk-845 2 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, e-mail: ivan.jarolimek@savba.sk, jozef.sibik@savba.sk 2 Botanical garden of Comenius University, Sk-0 8 15 Blatnica, Slovak Republic, e-mail: kliment@rec.uniba.sk Department of Botany, Faculty of natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 9, Sk-811 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, e-mail: dubravcova@fns.uniba.sk 4 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 4 Průhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: belohlavkova@ibot.cas.cz 5Červená Řečice no. 41, CZ- 94 46, Czech Republic, e-mail: jpacl@sendme.cz 7 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 InTRoDUCTIon Dwarf-shrub heathland communities of subalpine and alpine belts of the Western Carpathians were until now currently classified into a single alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion of the order Caricetalia curvulae and the class Juncetea trifidi (cf. Mucina & Maglocký 1985). They were first studied by the Polish phytosociologists on the Polish side of the Tatry Mts, where Szafer & al. (192 ) described the association Vaccinietum myrtilli, which was included later (Pawłowski & al. 1928: 251) to the alliance Calamagrostion villosae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928. krajina (19 : 162–186) classified the similar community, the Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum subalpinum, into a broadly defined alliance Vaccinion myrtilli (the order Piceetalia abietis krajina 19 ), including other dwarf-scrub communities [the associations Salicetum retusae (kitaibelianae), Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum, Callunetum vulgaris tatricum and Myrtilleto-Avenastretum] into the alliance Loiseleurieto-Vaccinion uliginosi and the order Caricetalia curvulae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926. According to Sillinger (19 : 271), dwarf shrub dominated communities of subalpine and alpine belts belonging to the two alliances: the Rhodoreto- Vaccinion (that comprised communities in moderately wet and protected habitats, such as the Vaccinietum myrtilli subalpinum and Calamagrostis villosa-Vaccinium myrtillus Ass.) and the Loiseleurieto- Vaccinion (communities of more extreme habitats in less favourable climatic conditions, e.g. the Vaccinieto-Empetretum). The alliances had already been classified by Braun-Blanquet (in Br.-Bl. & Jenny 1926) who first distinguished them. klika & Hadač (1944: 12–14) essentially used the same classification for Central European plant communities integrating these alliances into the order Rhodoreto- Vaccinietalia Br.-Bl. 1926 and the class Juncetea trifidi Hadač in Hadač et klika 1944. Similarly to Hadač (1962: 50–51); they did not identify the alliance Loiseleurieto-Vaccinion uliginosi krajina 19 with the alliance Loiseleurieto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926, as Sillinger (19 ) previously had. Since the studies Hadač (1956) and Holub & al. (1967: 16), ericoid communities had only been classified within a single alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 and the order Caricetalia curvulae (Mucina & Maglocký 1985, Dúbravcová 1996). However, Šomšák & Maláriková (198 ) disapproved of using this alliance in the Western Carpathians as baseless, due to its floristic similarity with grass communities of the alliance Juncion trifidi krajina 19 . In the result of combined opinions of several older authors, some communities were left in the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion and some were considered as a part of the alliance Juncion trifidi (Unar & al. 1984, 1985). As we can see, the classification of dwarf-shrub communities to higher syntaxa was problematic from the very beginning. Probably this happened owing to the poor species composition and the monotony of their stands. Proceeding in this consideration, dwarf shrubs did not belong only to the class Juncetea trifidi but also to the class Vaccinio-Piceetea (cf. Braun-Blanquet & al. 19 9). Eggler (1952) and later Schubert (1960) proposed a special class, the Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, for these communities, trying to reflect not only their floristic composition but also physiognomy and functions in the country. The same refer to the definition, classification and the nomenclature of individual associations, which was disunited. The Western Carpathians communities of dwarf scrubs, dominated by the species Vaccinium gaultherioides and Empetrum nigrum s. l., were most frequently incorporated to a broadly defined association, the Empetro-Vaccinietum (or Vaccinio-Empetretum). The description of the same communities by different authors (often invalid or illegitimate), the unresolved taxonomy of the species Empetrum nigrum and E. hermaphroditum (at the level of species, subspecies or various cytotypes), and the complicated emendations and corrections of the association names have called for larger syntaxonomical revision. The article summarises the results of this revision. MATERIAL AnD METHoDS The syntaxonomical revision included 96 relevés of plant communities of alpine and boreal heaths in the altimontane, subalpine and alpine belts of the central part of the Western Carpathians. The evaluation was carried out from the data gained in the time span from 192 –2004. Consecutively, it relates to the recent reviews of the West Carpathian alpine communities (Petrík & al. 2004, Dúbravcová & al. 2005). Although mainly relevés used in this study were collected by applying the sigmatistic phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet 1964), different scales of abundance and dominance have been used by various authors: the five- or seven-degree scale by Braun-Blanquet, the 10-degree, or the com 8 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … bined 11-degree scale by Hadač and Domin (cf. Sillinger 19 ; Hadač & al. 1969) and a modified 9-degree scale by Barkman & al. (1964). Therefore the standardisation of data for the numerical classification was needed, and the relevés were transformed into the nine-degree ordinal scale (van den Maarel 1979). The taxa determined only at the level of genus were excluded (except the genus Sphagnum). Some taxa were classified within the higher or more broadly defined taxa: Anthoxanthum odoratum agg. (A. alpinum), Agrostis rupestris (A. pyrenaica), Carex sempervirens [subsp. silicicola Holub, subsp. tatrorum (Zapał.) Pawł.], Cladonia arbuscula (subsp. mitis), Cladonia coccifera (C. pleurota), Cladonia gracilis [var. elongata (Jacq.) Fr.], Cladonia pyxidata s. l. (subsp. chlorophaea, subsp. pyxidata), Dryopteris dilatata s. l. (D. carthusiana), Empetrum nigrum s. l. (E. hermaphroditum), Gentianella lutescens (subsp. carpatica), Helianthemum grandiflorum (subsp. grandiflorum, subsp. obscurum), Luzula luzuloides (subsp. rubella), Salix retusa s. l. (S. kitaibeliana), Senecio nemorensis agg. (S. ovatus), Sorbus aucuparia (subsp. glabrata), Sphagnum sp. div. (S. capillifolium, S. compactum, S. girgensohnii, S. magellanicum, S. quinquefarium, S. rubellum, S. russowii), Solidago virgaurea (subsp. minuta), Soldanella hungarica (subsp. major), Thamnolia vermicularis (var. subuliformis), Thymus pulcherrimus (subsp. sudeticus). The numerical classification was performed using the program HIERCLUS from the Syn-TAx 2000 package (Podani 2001). The ß-flexible method (ß = –0.25) and Ward’s method with Euclidian distance, and Jaccard’s, Ružička’s and Wishart’s similarity coefficients were used. The dendrograms obtained were evaluated by comparative analyses of phytocoenological tables processed over the Fy- ToPACk program (Jarolímek & Schlosser 1997). The heads of each column of the synoptic table comprise the number of relevés used for the synthesis, and the average number of species in the relevant community. Each taxon is characterised by the frequency (in %; + = frequency < 0, 5 %) and the mean value of abundance (upper index, in ordinal scale) calculated over the FyToPACk. Individual columns contain also the brief references (for unpublished data only the names of authors are given), the number of relevés and their position in the level of orographical units (according to the map from the Database of Fauna of Slovakia, scale 1 : 500000). Diagnostically important taxa of individual plant communities are given in bold. The nomenclature of the taxa generally follows the Checklist of non-Vascular and Vascular Plants of Slovakia (Marhold & Hindák 1998). The author’s names are included in few exceptions only. The subspecies (given without a species modifier) in the tables are marked with asterisks (*). Diagnostic taxa of the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea and the lower syntaxa are used in accordance with the synoptic table prepared for the new, fourth volume of the series Plant Communities of Slovakia; a brief version is given in the table (Table 1). other syntaxa and their diagnostic taxa are defined following the newest publications (kliment & al. 2004, Šibík & al. 2004, Petrík & al. 2005, kliment & al. 2005a) The names of syntaxa in the tables are abbreviated as follows: aa = Adenostyletalia alliariae, ac = Arabidion caerulae, as = Astero-Seslerion calcariae, AT = Asplenietea trichomanis, ca = Calamagrostion arundinacae, CC = Caricetea curvulae, cf = Caricion firmae, Ck = Carici rupestris-Kobresietea, CU = Calluno-ulicetea, Cv = Calamagrostietalia villosae, cv = Calamagrostion villosae, cy = Cystopteridion, ES = Elyno-Seslerietea, fv = Festucion versicoloris, LV = Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, lv = Loiseleurio- Vaccinion, MU = Mulgedio-Aconitetea,nS = Nardetea strictae, ns = Nardion strictae, oe = Oxytropido-Elynion, oS= Oxycocco-Sphagnetea,pc= Potentillioncaulescentis, pm = Pinion mugo, ss = Salicion silesiacae, st = Seslerion tatrae, VP = Vaccinio-Piceetea, vp = Vaccinio-Piceion. In the descriptions of the communities the following abbreviations were used: art. = article of the Code of Phytocoenological nomenclature (ICPn; Weber et al. 2000), char. = characteristic taxon (C – in tables, Cc = characteristic taxon of the class), cf. = confer (compare), const. = constant companion taxon (frequency higher than 60 %, cst – in tables), diff. = differential taxon (D – in tables), dom. = dominant species, incl. = inclusive, ined. = ineditus (unpublished data), nom. corr. = corrected name, nom. ined. = ineffectively published name, nom. nov. = nomen novum, nom. nud. = nomen nudum, p. p. = pro parte (partly), r. = relevé(s), sp. div. = species diversae (various species), subdom. = subdominant taxon, transgr. = transgressive taxon (T – in tables). RESULTS AnD DISCUSSIon Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Eggler ex schubert 1960 Dwarf-shrub alpine and subalpine heathland of the mountains of Eurasia, dominated by ericaceous species. synonyms: Juncetea trifidi Hadač in klika et Hadač 1944 p. p. (art. 8), Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Eggler 1952 (art. 8) 9 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 syntaxonomical synonyms: Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. (dif.), Pulsatilla scherfelii (dif.), Salix herbacea (dif.), in Br.-Bl. et al. 19 9 p. p. min., Juncetea trifidi Hadač Cladonia arbuscula (dif.), Cladonia gracilis (dif.), Cla1946 p. p. (art. 6), Loiseleurio-Cetrarietea Suzukidonia rangiferina (dif.), Vaccinium myrtillus (const.), Tokio et Umezu in Suzuki-Tokio 1964 (art. 29c) V. vitis-idaea (const.), Cetraria islandica (const.) Characteristic taxa: Empetrum nigrum s. l., Vaccinium nomenclatural and taxonomical comment: Taxomyrtillus, V. vitis-idaea nomical studies on the genus Vaccinium proved that the alpine populations of the species Vaccin- Some characteristic taxa of the class Loiseleurioium uliginosum agg., growing in the extreme con- Vaccinietea mentioned by grabherr (199 ) from ditions of ridge climate have to be distinguished, the Alps we consider as characteristic for the lower as those carrying several important characters, into syntaxa (Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium gaultheriothe separate species Vaccinium gaultherioides (cf. ides). Some of them we do not consider as charac-Unar & al. 1985: 22). The correction of the syntaxa teristic because they do not occur in this type of names was necessary, as the species Vaccinium uligivegetation, or they are very rare (Arctous alpina, nosum s. str. does not occur in the communities of Lycopodium clavatum). this alliance. Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny syntaxonomical comment: originally, the associa1926 tion Salicetum kitaibelianae was included to this allisynonym: Loiseleurio-Vaccinietalia Eggler 1952 (art. ance (cf. krajina 19 ; Mucina & Maglocký 1985; 8, 29c) Dúbravcová 1996). Hadač (1956) considered this syntaxonomical synonyms: Caricetalia curvulae Br.community as the closest to the alliance Festucion Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 p. p. min., Empetretalia versicoloris krajina 19 . general comparison of the hermaphroditae Schubert 1960 West Carpathian alpine communities (Dúbravcová & al. 2005) proved this fact. The association repre- Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 sents a transitional link to the dwarf-shrub commu- Table 1, Column 7 nities of the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea and the grass- Cryophile, wind-exposed communities. dwarf shrub communities of the class Carici rupestris- Kobresietea ohba 1974 (alliance Festucion versicoloris). original form of the name: Loiseleurieto-Vaccinion- Verband Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis (Hadač synonyms: Loiseleurieto-Vaccinion uliginosi krajina 1956) Hadač ex Šibík et al. hoc loco 19 (art. 1), Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.Table 1, column 1 Bl. et Jenny 1926 ex krajina 19 corr. Paclová in nomenclatural type: Hadač 1956, Table 6, rel. 40, kolektív 1985 (art. 1), Loiseleurio-Vaccinion gaulthlectotypus hoc loco erioidis krajina 19 corr. Paclová in Dúbravcová Basionym: Cetrario-Vaccinietum uliginosum tatricum et Paclová 1978 (art. 1, 1), Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Hadač 1956 (art. 4) gaultherioidis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 corr. synonyms: Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum Dúbravcová 1996 (art. 1) krajina 19 (art. 4), Empetro-Vaccinietum Braunsyntaxonomical synonym: Juncion trifidi krajina Blanquet 19 0 p. p. (art. 1), Vaccinio-Empetretum 19 p. p. min. hermaphroditi (krajina 19 ) Hadač et al. 1969 (art. Phantom name: Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br. 1), Vaccinieto-Empetretum Sillinger 19 (art. 1), Bl. et Jenny 1926 ex krajina 19 (in: Mucina et Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi Hadač 1956 (art. 1), Maglocký 1985; Háberová et Šoltésová 1989) Cetrario islandici-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis Hadač non: Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion kalliola 19 9 (syn.: 1956 corr. Unar in Unar et al. 1984, 1985 (art. 1), Loiseleurio-Vaccinion nordhagen 19 6) Cetrario-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis Hadač 1956 corr. Dúbravcová et Hrabovcová in Mucina et Maglocký Diagnostic taxa: Loiseleuria procumbens (char.), Vac1985 (art. 2b, 1), Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultcinium gaultherioides (char.), Agrostis rupestris (dif.), herioidis Hadač (1956) 1987 (art. 2b), Vaccinio myr- Avenula versicolor (dif.), Campanula alpina (dif.), tilli-Empetretum hermaphroditi Dúbravcová 1996 (art. Carex sempervirens subsp. silicicola Holub (dif.), Fes1, b) tuca supina (dif.), Hieracium alpinum (dif.), Juncus tri-Inclusive: Junco trifidi-Seslerietum distichae vaccinietofidus (dif.), Oreochloa disticha (dif.), Primula minima sum gaultherioides Hrabovcová 1976 (art. 1) 40 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Phantom name: Cetrario-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis (Hadač 1956) corr. Hrabovcová 1976 (in Šomšák & Maláriková 198 ) non: Ass. Vaccinium uliginosum-Cetraria islandica Deyl 1940, Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri Hadač et al. 1969, Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 corr. grabherr 199 Diagnostic taxa: Vaccinium gaultherioides (transgr., dom.), Bistorta vivipara (dif.), Campanula alpina (dif.), Carex sempervirens subsp. silicicola Holub (dif.), Doronicum stiriacum (dif.), Polytrichum alpinum (dif.), Salix herbacea (dif.), Avenula versicolor (const.), Hieracium alpinum (const.), Juncus trifidus (const.), Oreochloa disticha (const.), Vaccinium myrtillus (const.), V. vitis-idaea (const.), Cetraria islandica (subdom., const.) Physiognomy of a two-layer, floristically poor, and closed community is conditioned by the dominant species Vaccinium gaultherioides (or Empetrum nigrum s. l.) and several lichens, primarily by Cetraria islandica and the species of the genus Cladonia (C. arbuscula, C. coccifera, C. gracilis, C. rangiferina). A dense impenetrable carpet of lichens, chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes protects the stands of the association against oscilations of temperature, frost impacts and the drying influence of wind. The phytocoenoses grow in the most extreme habitats on granite bedrock in subalpine and alpine belts at the altitudes (1600) 1700–2090 (2200) m a. s. l., occupying northward or westward edges of cragged crests, ribs, moraines, and slopes with inclination from 10 to 45 °. They are exposed to strong winds and protected in winter only by thin layer of snow or remain completely without snow cover. Soils are from very shallow to shallow (5– 0 cm), rich in skeleton, oligotrophic, humous, from acid to strong acid (pH ,5–4,6). The community occurs in the Západné, Vysoké and nízke Tatry Mts on siliceous bedrock. It represents the most common dwarf-shrub community frequently forming mosaic patterns with the grass communities of the class Caricetea curvulae Br.-Bl. 1948. Based on differences in floristic composition and synecology of stands we distinguish two subassociations within the association: Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis typicum Paclová subass. nov. hoc loco Table 1, column 1a nomenclatural type: identical with the type of the association synonyms: Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum krajina 19 p. p. (art. 4), Cetrario-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis typicum Paclová et al. in Mucina et Maglocký 1985 (art. 2b) Differential taxa: Festuca supina, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia stellaris Characteristic habitats of typical subassociation stands occur on the extreme windward places, often at the altitudes of about 2200 m a. s. l. Consequently, they are dried up by strong winds all year round. In winter, the snow cover is unstable, often completely blown away. Compared to the next association, the stands are characteristic by a higher proportion of lichens. Dwarf shrubs and other phanerogams grow being protected by them. Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis empetretosum nigri Paclová subass. nov. hoc loco Table 1, column 1b nomenclatural type: krajina 19 , Table 50, rel. 5, lectotypus hoc loco synonyms: Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum krajina 19 p. p. (art. 4), Cetrario-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis empetretosum hermaphroditi Paclová et al. in Mucina et Maglocký 1985 (art. 2b) Differential taxa: Empetrum nigrum s. l., Homogyne alpina, Huperzia selago, Trommsdorfia uniflora, Pleurozium schreberi In the association framework, the stands of the C.-V. empetretosum nigri represent a moderately hygrophilous wing, where Empetrum nigrum s. l. is dominant or co-dominant. The community occupies bottoms of valleys and under-crests, leeward, moderately inclined, usually northward or eastward slopes at the altitude from 1700 to 1900 (2000) m a. s. l. During the winter, the stands are covered with snow that persists at higher heights until May. Due to the deeper soils, the stands of the community are distinguished by a relatively hygrophilous nature. Taxonomical comment: In the Flora of Slovakia (Futák & Bertová 1982), the two species within the genus Empetrum were distinguished: E. nigrum and E. hermaphroditum. The former is treated as a dioecious diploid taxon (2n=2x=26), whereas the latter is a bisexual and tetraploid taxon (2n=4x=52). Their taxonomical status is ambiguous and disput 41 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 able. Some authors classify them at the level of subspecies – E. nigrum subsp. nigrum and subsp. hermaphroditum (cf. Li & al. 2002, Suda 2002). Although this conception (unisexual = diploid, bisexual = tetraploid) is widely accepted, it is clear, that tetraploids arose repeatedly and they cross with diploids. Also the preferences of different habitats (bisexual prefer exposed rocky summits and slopes, primarily in mountain areas, whereas unisexual mostly occur on peat bogs and coastal dunes) are not reliable enough to separate these taxa. The elucidation of their intragenus structure requires additional studies to correlate their morphological variability, levels of ploidy and the sex. Without addressing this, the taxonomical identification based on different sex and ploidy-levels is uncertain (Suda & al. 2004). In older geobotanical literature (e.g. krajina 19 , Sillinger 19 ), the only species – Empetrum nigrum was distinguished, later identified with the tetraploid taxon E. hermaphroditum. Hadač & al. (1969) separated different communities based on the sex of the population. Following the article 4 a ICPn, we have decided to retain distinguishing of these taxa at the level of different cytotypes and to leave the name of broadly defined species Empetrum nigrum s. l. for the classification of (sub)associations until the taxonomical classification will be resolved. syntaxonomical comments: Deyl (1940) validly described the association “Ass. Vaccinium uliginosum- Cetraria islandica” from the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Mt. Pop Ivan). It differs from the association Cetrario-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum, described by Hadač (1956), by several taxa, such as Arnica montana L., Campanula abietina, Phyteuma wagnerii ker., Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott et kotschy, Soldanella hungarica subsp. major and others. To distinguish the West Carpathian stands from the East Carpathian, Hadač (1987: 9) proposed the new name for the first one – Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis. As the author did not quote the work of Hadač (1956) in references, where from the basionym was adopted, the name of the association was published invalidly. krajina (19 : 84) in his study described the association Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum. Several authors (cf. Hadač 1956; Unar & al. 1985) considered this association as very heterogeneous. It was partly confirmed by the analyses of the West Carpathian data. Despite the extent of this heterogeneity, we regard it as an intra-association variability and do not separate the association into more units. We have classified the stands with Empetrum nigrum s. l. as Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis empetretosum nigri. Some of krajina’s relevés (krajina 19 , Table 50) also represent the typical subassociation. Pawłowski & al. (1928, Table 6, rel. 2 ) were the first who distinguished dwarf-shrub stands with codominant presence of the species Vaccinium gaultherioides in the alpine belt of the Vysoké Tatry Mts and classified these stands in the association Trifidi- Distichetum tatricum as „Zwergstrauchreiche Fazies“. The comprehensive comparison of the alpine communities of the Western Carpathians (Dúbravcová & al. 2005) indicated that their relevé was too heterogeneous and belonged to the communities of the alliance Juncion trifidi or it represented a transition between both types of vegetation. The relevé pointed out close syngenetic relations between the grass and dwarf-shrub phytocoenoses in the alpine belt. Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris (Krajina 1933) Hadač ex Šibík et al. hoc loco Table 1, column 2 nomenclatural type: krajina 19 , Table 51, rel. 4, lectotypus Basionym: Callunetum vulgaris tatricum krajina 19 (art. 4) synonyms: Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris (krajina 19 ) Hadač in Mucina et Maglocký 1985 (art. 2b), Junco trifidi-Callunetum (krajina 19 ) Hadač 1987 (art. 2b) Diagnostic taxa: Calluna vulgaris (char., dom.), Calamagrostis villosa (dif.), Juniperus sibirica (dif.), Luzula luzuloides (dif.), Pinus mugo (dif.), Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta (dif.), Avenella flexuosa (const.), Hieracium alpinum (const.), Juncus trifidus (const.), Vaccinium myrtillus (const.), V. vitis-idaea (const.), Cetraria islandica (const.), Cladonia gracilis (const.) Physiognomy of a two-layer community is determined by chamaephytes Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea. Several hemicryptophytes (Juncus trifidus, Avenella flexuosa, Hieracium alpinum, Campanula alpina) participate in the formation of phytocoenoses. The moss layer is represented by various lichens where Cetraria islandica and Cladonia gracilis occur most frequently. The stands of the association mostly occupy the tops of moraines, or the gaps in dwarf-pine stands in the habitats oriented to the south and east, at the altitude 1600–1800 m a. s. l. and the inclination 10–40 °. Shallow soils (5– 5 cm) with fine skel 42 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … eton are oligotrophic, from acid to strong acid (pH 4,1–4,9). The community is rare and only fragmentarily developed in the subalpine and low alpine belt in the Západné, Vysoké and Belianske Tatry Mts. Some authors (komárková 1964; Hadač & al. 1969; Dúbravcová 1974) consider it as a secondary one. At lower altitudes, its floristic composition indicates close dynamic relations to the dwarf-pine communities. The association Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris occupies only a peripheral position in the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion. Compared to the former association, it is moderately mesophilous, developed in less extreme habitats, and consequently represents a transition to the next alliance. Its classification within the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion is in harmony with the results of the numerical classification (Figure 1). .. ...... Figure 1: Dendrogram of the numerical classification of the plant communities of the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea in the Western Carpathians. Loiseleurio-Vaccinion (A): 1 – Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis;2 – Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris; Vaccinion myrtilli (B): 3 – Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli,4 – Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri,5 – Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae,6 – Hylocomio-Vaccinietum vitis-idaea (used parameters: ß-flexible method with Wishart’s similar ity coefficient). Slika 1: Dendrogram numerične klasifikacije rastlinskih združb razreda Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea v Zahodnih Karpatih. Loiseleurio-Vaccinion (A): 1 – Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis;2 – Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris; Vaccinion myrtilli (B): 3 – Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli,4 – Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri,5 – Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae,6 – Hylocomio-Vaccinietum vitis-idaea (uporabljeni parametri: ß-flexibilna metoda z Wishartovim koeficientom podobnosti). syntaxonomical comment: Hadač (1987: 9) in the attempt to validate the name of the association Callunetum vulgaris tatricum krajina 19 proposed a new name, the Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris. In references, however, similarly as in the previous study by Mucina & Maglocký (1985: 192), he did not quote the original work of krajina (19 ). Probably, this reference of Hadač (1987: 8) could be accepted as an indirect one, because the checklist of the communities in this study is according to Hadač & al. (1969) cited as well in the references, that is why the author used the same form of the name as it was proposed by krajina (19 ) – Callunetum vulgaris tatricum. In Hadač’s work (Hadač & al. 1969), krajina (19 ) was cited correctly. However, strictly according to the ICPn (art. 2b), this ambiguous, second-step reference is rather disputable and does not represent a sufficient indirect reference, thus we suggest the new validation of the name. Vaccinion myrtilli Krajina 1933 Table 1, column 8 Acidophilous, mesophilous communities in subalpine belt of the Western Carpathians and Sudeten Mountains nomenclatural type: Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum subalpinum krajina 19 syntaxonomical synonyms: Calamagrostion villosae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 p. p. min., Melampyro-Vaccinion Jeník et al. 1980 Pseudonym: Rhodoreto-Vaccinion sensu klika et Hadač 1944 non Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Phantom name: Rhodoreto-Vaccinion myrtilli (Br.- Bl. 1926) krajina 19 [in: klika 1955; Unar & al. 1984, 1985] non: Rhododendro-Vaccinion Schnyder 19 0, Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926, Vaccinion myrtilli Böcher 194 em. Bridgewater ex Shimwell 197 Diagnostic taxa: Luzula luzuloides (dif.), Luzula sylvatica (dif.), Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata (dif.), Salix alpina (dif.), Dicranum scoparium (dif.), Hylocomium splendens (dif.), Polytrichum strictum (dif.), Sphagnum sp. div. (dif.), Avenella flexuosa (const.), Homogyne alpina (const.), Vaccinium myrtillus (const.), V. vitis-idaea (const.), Cetraria islandica (const.) syntaxonomical comments: In comparison with the original content of the alliance Vaccinion myrtilli, described by krajina (19 : 162) in his study on 4 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 the Mlynická dolina Valley in the Vysoké Tatry Mts, we restricted the alliance only to acid mesophilous dwarf-shrub communities of the subalpine belt of the Western Carpathians and the High Sudeten. originally, the author included communities of dwarf pine (recently Pinion mugo Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928) and mountain spruce forests (Piceion excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928 [syn.: Vaccinio- Piceion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 19 9]) to this alliance. He emphasized the phytosociological and ecological integrity of various stands along the upper forest line, but fully neglected their different physiognomy, thus bringing the syntaxonomical system – based predominantly on the floristic composition – to the extreme. Similarly, a widely comprehended alliance, the Vaccinio-Piceion with the suballiance Rhodoreto-Vaccinion was described by Braun-Blanquet (in Braun- Blanquet & al. 19 9). These syntaxa also included both forest and non-forest communities. A narrowly defined alliance Vaccinion myrtilli, as we suggest here, represents a vicariant syntaxon to the alliance Rhododendro-Vaccinion Schnyder 19 0 (syn.: Rhodoreto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926, Rhododendro-Vaccinion J. Br.-Bl. ex g. Br.-Bl. et J. Br.-Bl. 19 1), which includes stands from similar habitats in the Alps with the occurrence of specific Alpine taxa, mainly the species of the genus Rhododendron (see also grabherr 199 ). The name of the alliance Vaccinion myrtilli Böcher 194 em. Bridgewater ex Shimwell 197 , which incorporates north European hemi-boreal and sub-boreal dwarf-shrub communities, represents a younger homonym of the name Vaccinion myrtilli krajina 19 and therefore is illegitimate. The other authors (Rivas-Martínez & al. 2001, 2002) also identify its content with the alliance Genisto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926. on the comprehensive evaluation of these dwarf-shrub communities, geringoff & Daniels (200 ) and Dierßen (199 , 1996) incorporated this alliance to the class Calluno-ulicetea Br.- Bl. et Tüxen ex klika et Hadač 1944. The subalpine bilberry-vegetation (association Festuco supinae-Vaccinietum myrtilli Šmarda 1950) from the territory of the tree line in the Sudeten mountains was also included into this alliance (Genisto-Vaccinion) and the class (Calluno-ulicetea) [cf. krahulec et al. 2006]. The Sudeten and Carpathian communities are very similar (see below), so their classification into this alliance seems to be groundless. Problematic classification of these communities may cause the overlapping margins of areas of oceanic and continental species in Su deten (Hercynian) region. The Genisto-Vaccinion is widespread in low mountain ranges of Western Europe, where many characteristic species have subatlantic distribution and disappear eastward, e.g.: Arnica montana, Galium saxatile, Genista pilosa, Gentiana lutea L., Leontodon pyrenaicus gouan, Meum athamanticum Jacq. etc., in comparison with the Rhododendro-Vaccinion (that have close relationship with the West Carpathian alliance Vaccinion myrtilli) mainly distributed in the subalpine zone of the high mountains (Alps, Pyrenees). The later alliance is characterised by the species like Calamagrostis villosa, Empetrum nigrum s. l., Homogyne alpina, Huperzia selago, Melampyrum sylvaticum etc. (cf. Schaminée & al. 199 ). Sillinger (19 : 274) and to certain degree also krajina (19 : 16 ), classified grass communities dominated by the species Calamagrostis villosa, where Vaccinium myrtillus reaches no more than a subdominant position, to the communities dominated by dwarf shrubs on non-limy soils. These tall-grass communities are closely related to more hygrophilous stands of the association Vaccinietum myrtilli. Due to their different physiognomy and sharp differences in constancy of some species (cf. kliment & al. 2004), we cannot either leave these stands with Calamagrostis villosa in the alliance Vaccinion myrtilli or accept the classification of the communities dominated by Vaccinium myrtillus to the alliance Calamagrostion villosae, where they were attached by the Polish authors Pawłowski & al. (1928). Jeník & al. (1980) described the new alliance Melampyro-Vaccinion from the Veľká kotlina Cirque (the Sudeten Mountains), classifying it into the order Vaccinio-Piceetaliaand the class Vaccinio-Piceetea and including there dwarf-shrub communities dominated by bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) from the subalpine belt of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts, pointing out Melampyrum pratense s. l., Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea as characteristic species. Considering floristic composition of stands and similarity in syngenesis of some Carpathian and Sudeten communities (cf. kliment & al. 2004), we identify this alliance with the alliance described by krajina (19 ). The same method we have applied to the association Festuco supinae-Vaccinietum myrtilli Šmarda 1950 (the original form of the name: As. Vaccinium myrtillus-Festuca supina), which was used by Jeník & al. (1980) to describe this alliance. We have identified it with the next association Avenastro versicolor- is-Vaccinietum myrtilli. 44 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli Krajina 1933 nom. invers. propos. Table 1, column original form of the name: Myrtilleto-Avenastretum versicoloris krajina 19 nomenclatural type: krajina 19 : Table 52, rel. 4, lectotypus hoc loco synonyms: Vaccinietum myrtilli Szafer et al. 192 (art. 1), Vaccinietum myrtilli klika 1926 (art. 1), Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum Szafer et al. 1927 (art. 4), Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum Pawłowski 1928 (art. 2b), Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 (art. 1, 4), Vaccinietum myrtilli subalpinum Sillinger 19 (art. 4), Vaccinietum myrtilli Walas 19 p. p. maj. (art. 1), Empetreto-Vaccinietum klika 19 4 (art. 1) syntaxonomical synonym: Festuco supinae-Vaccinietum myrtilli Šmarda 1950 Inclusive: Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum subalpinum krajina 19 (art. 4) Phantom name: Vaccinietum myrtilli subalpinum (Szafer et al. 192 ) Sillinger 19 [in Unar & al. 1984, 1985] non: Vaccinietum myrtilli Rübel 1922, Empetreto-Vaccinietum Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. & Jenny 1926; Myrtilleto- Avenastretum versicoloris krajina 19 sensu Hadač 1956; Myrtillo-Avenastretum versicoloris krajina 19 sensu Hadač & al. 1969; Myrtillo-Avenastretum versicoloris krajina 19 4 sensu Unar & al. 1984, 1985 Diagnostic taxa: Acetosa alpestris (dif.), Athyrium distentifolium (dif.), Calamagrostis arundinacea (dif.), C. villosa (dif.), Deschampsia cespitosa (dif.), Dryopteris dilatata s. l. (dif.), Festuca picturata (dif.), Gentiana asclepiadea (dif.), Hypericum maculatum (dif.), Ligusticum mutellina (dif.), Oreogeum montanum (dif.), Oxalis acetosella (dif.), Potentilla aurea (dif.), Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum (dif.), Avenella flexuosa (const.), Homogyne alpina (const.), Luzula luzuloides (const.), Vaccinium myrtillus (dom., const.), V. vitis-idaea (const.) The phytocoenoses are not species rich, where the community edificator – Vaccinium myrtillus predetermines a specific physiognomy of closed stands. Such herbs and grasses as Avenella flexuosa, Homogyne alpina, Ligusticum mutellina, Luzula luzuloides and Vaccinium vitis-idaea occur more frequently. The abundance of mosses and lichens varies more largerly; Cetraria islandica, Dicranum scoparium and Hylocomium splendens occur most frequently. The community occurs on differently oriented slopes in protected under-ridge positions in the subalpine belt at the altitude from (1200) 1 00 to 1800 m a. s. l. The depth of the soil profile varies from 10 to more than 5 cm. The soil surface is usually covered with a thick layer of litter and raw humus that selectively influences the floristic composition of the stands. Acidophilous and oligotrophic species prevail, basiphilous and euthrophic, however, are absent. Soils are strongly acid (pH ,5); differently developed ranker represents the soil type. The association Avenastro-Vaccinietum myrtilli is a typical community of the subalpine belt of the West Carpathian high ranges (Lúčanská and krivánska Malá Fatra, Veľká Fatra, Chočské vrchy, Západné, Vysoké, Belianske and nízke Tatry, Volovské vrchy, the massif of the Babia hora and Pilsko, kubínska hoľa) occurring primarily on the acid bedrock. outside the Tatry Mts, the community stands are poorer in species, some taxa typical for this region are missing (Avenula versicolor, Juncus trifidus, Oreogeum montanum etc.), and the community composition is more similar to the Sudeten stands. These phytocoenoses were less distributed in the past occurring predominantly in differently large enclaves between dwarf pine and grass stands. After the Walachian colonisation, concerned with the massive and widespread removal of dwarf pine stands and mountain spruce forests along the upper tree line boundary, they secondarily spread in free habitats occupying today even far larger areas. Several authors, such as Svoboda (19 9: 128–1 ), Šmarda (1950: 5) and Jeník (1958: ), also regard the community as the secondary to a certain extent. Based on the moisture gradient, two variants could be distinguished in the association. The first, relatively drier variant with Festuca supina characterised by the higher abundance of cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), is differentiated by Avenula versicolor, Juncus trifidus, Juniperus sibirica, Festuca supina, Rubus idaeus, and by juvenile or dwarf individuals of Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata and Pinus mugo. Higher constancy of mosses (Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus and Sphagnum sp. div.) and some hygrophilous hemicryptophytes (Festuca picturata, Ligusticum mutellina) or therophytes (Melampyrum sylvaticum) are typical for the second variant with Oreogeum montanum. The latest, more grassy variant, indicates close syngenetic relations with the Festuco picturatae-Calamagrostietum villosae Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 corr. kliment et al. 2004 and the Vaccinio myrtilli-Calamagrostietum villosae Sillinger 19 . Under certain conditions, 45 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 some stands manage to keep a greater amount of water in the thick layer of raw humus supporting development of mosses (e. g. Polytrichum sp. div., Sphagnum sp. div.). Subsequently, such a community may transform to the next association. syntaxonomical comments: The association Vaccinietum myrtilli from the Western Carpathians was described for the first time by the Polish authors Szafer & al. (192 ). This name, however, represents a younger homonym of the vicariant community from the Alps, which was described by Rübel (1922: 224) under the same name. The results of numerical classification show that the community described by krajina (19 : 94–100) as the Myrtilleto-Avenastretum versicoloris may be classified within the variability of the association the Vaccinietum myrtilli and can be identified with other communities dominated by Vaccinium myrtillus, despite the fact that krajina (19 : 94) rejected this solution. The comparison of the Western Carpathian alpine communities (Dúbravcová & al. 2005) suggests that the stands with the dominant or subdominant position of the species Avenula versicolor (syn. Avenastrum versicolor) belong to the association Vaccinietum myrtilli, or to the grass communities of the alliance Juncion trifidi (the association Myrtillo- Avenastretum versicoloris sensu Hadač 1956; Hadač & al. 1969; Unar & al. 1984, 1985). We consider both associations (the Vaccinietum myrtilli and the Myrtilleto-Avenastretum versicoloris) as syntaxonomical synonyms, so their distinguishing into two types is superfluous. The name of the Polish authors is therefore illegitimate (art. 1). The closest validly published name is the Myrtilleto-Avenastretum versicoloris krajina 19 . In accordance with the articles 10b, 41 and 42 of ICPn, we propose reversed orthographic correction of the name to the Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli. krahulec & al. (2006) included the association Festuco supinae-Vaccinietum myrtilli Šmarda 1950, which in this paper is regarded as a syntaxonomical synonym of this community, to the order Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion and the class Calluno-ulicetea. As we mentioned above, the classification of Hercynian stands into this alliance is disputable as the Carpathian phytocoenoses are much more similar to the arctic-alpine dwarf-shrub vegetation of the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea. The comparison of native stands from the subalpine belt, secondarily frequently spread in the large area, with real secondary stands on the clearings after the cutting of spruce forests in the montane belt (cf. Miadok 198 , Šomšák 1971) indicates that these two types of phytocoenoses cannot be identified despite common dominant species. Secondary stands in the montane belt are primarily differentiated from the association Vaccinietum myrtilli by the absence of the mountain taxa, such as Anthoxanthum alpinum, Athyrium distentifolium, Calamagrostis villosa, Cetraria islandica, Festuca picturata, Gentiana punctata, Hieracium alpinum, Hypericum maculatum, Ligusticum mutellina, Oreogeum montanum, Potentilla aurea, Soldanella carpatica and Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum. They are positively differentiated by the high constancy of the species Nardus stricta, Soldanella hungarica and Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus and spruce juveniles (Picea abies). We propose to classify these communities to the class Epilobietea angustifolii R. Tx. et Preising in R. Tx. ex von Rochow 1951, namely to the alliance Carici piluliferae-Epilobion angustifolii R. Tx. 1950, which comprises secondary communities on oligotrophic clearings, or to the class Calluno-ulicetea and the alliance Genisto-Vaccinion. Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri Bělohlávková ass. nov. hoc loco Table 1, column 4; Table 2 nomenclatural type: Table 2, rel. 0, holotypus synonyms: Sphagno nemorei-Empetretum hermaphroditi Bělohlávková 1980 (art. 1), Sphagno-Empetretum hermaphroditi Unar in Unar et al. 1985 (art. g) Inclusive: Empetreto-Vaccinietum muscosum Sillinger 19 (nom. nud., art. 7) non: Sphagno robusti-Empetretum hermaphroditi Hadač et Váňa 1967 Diagnostic taxa: Sphagnum sp. div. (dom.) [S. capillifolium, S. girgensohnii, S. magellanicum, S. quinquefarium, S. rubellum, S. russowii], Polytrichum strictum (dif.), Empetrum nigrum s. l. (subdom., const.), Avenella flexuosa (const.), Homogyne alpina (const.), Vaccinium myrtillus (const.), V. vitis-idaea (const.) Typical physiognomy of a two-layer community is determined by thick cushions of mosses (primarily Sphagnum species) and creeping dwarf shrubs. The sizes of stands vary from several square metres to several hundred square metres. Empetrum nigrum s. l. dominates among dwarf shrubs, Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea occur constantly. Avenella flexuosa and Homogyne alpina are the most frequent hemicryptophytes. Peat mosses dominate the moss layer. They are mainly represented by Sphagnum capillifolium (syn.: S. nemoreum, S. acutifolium), less 46 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … frequently, though with similar abundance, by S. girgensohnii, S. magellanicum, S. quinquefarium, S. rubellum and S. russowii. Due to similar ecological demands, they can easily compensate each other, with no effect on the overall floristic composition. Cushions of peat mosses vivify monotonous and species poor phytocoenoses (16 taxa per relevé in average) by mosaic alternation of red and green colour. The moss species Polytrichum strictum occurs with high constancy. Typical bog-mosses hummocks represent an example of the phytogenous hummocks formed mostly by symbiotic relations inside the vegetation cover (Jeník 1958: 5, 7). The community occurs in sheltered, wet (due to frequent precipitation and long duration of snow) north to west oriented habitats with the inclination from 10 ° to 60 °(in average 20–40 °) at the altitude 1500–1900 m a. s. l. It occupies calcareous or siliceous bedrock without visible varieties in floristic composition. The development of this chionophilous community is limited by the shortened vegetation period. Deeper layer of thick cushions of bog mosses (serving as the isolator) does not defrost in daytime after the first strong night frosts (approximately from the second half of october). only the top layer of mosses thaws. The same peculiarity repeatedly occurs in early spring. The main source of moisture for the intensive turf production and the raise of hummocks is in a thick snow cover, which persists in relatively covert places until the end of May. Favourably exposed stands are protected from being directly isolated, and thereby – from major losses of water due to evaporation from the soil surface. Atmospheric moisture near the ground is permanently higher because it is cooled by air streams. In the soil profile, there have been found regular alternations of thicker layers, mainly from the rests of bog mosses, with thinner layers containing almost exclusively crowberries (Empetrum nigrum s. l.) rests, thus reflecting some periodical cycles where these dominants alternated in the vegetation cover. These layers apparently refer to the climatically damp and drier periods. The depth of the soil profile varied from (0.6) 1 to 1.5 m. Soil acidity varied depending on the geological substratum the community was developed on: pH in the upper layers was always near .1; closely to the bedrock – up to 6.8 (depending on the bedrock type). The native community is usually developed on siliceous bedrock from the open pioneer stands with Avenella flexuosa, Vaccinium myrtillus and Cetraria islandica (quite often on a scree partially covered with vegetation), or out of the association Vaccinietum myrtilli, under conditions described by Jeník (1958: – 4). Further development (e.g. successful succession of woods, which, however, is not so common) could lead under specific circumstances to a dwarf-pine community. It is very likely that extended stands that cover large areas, mainly in the higher altitudes, are stable by themselves. The opinions on the secondary origin of the community after the destruction of dwarf-pine stands (Horák 1971) are baseless for most localities on acid substratum, as neither roots nor branches or needles of dwarf pine were found in the soil profile (cf. Unar & al. 1985: 27). on basic bedrock, in respond to greater accumulation of raw humus, consequent relative isolation from the bedrock and increased amount of moisture in the soil, a succession develops from the communities of the association Hylocomio-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae to the association Sphagno capillifolii- Empetretum nigri (Figure 2). However, in some areas (e.g. on northern slopes of the Veľký Rozsutec Mt. in krivánska Malá Fatra Mts) the secondary origin of stands might be supposed due to remnants of burnt dwarf pine occurring there. syntaxonomical comments: Already Sillinger (19 : 277) had noticed that in some stands of the association Vaccinieto-Empetretum in the nízke Tatry Mts, in more sheltered habitats, the peat mosses were abundant and formed a thick layer of acid humus. He named them the variant Empetreto-Vaccinietum muscosum. Braun-Blanquet (19 0: 116) also mentioned the moist variant of the association Empetreto-Vaccinietum, with admixed peat mosses naming it „Sphagnum acutifolium-Fazies“. Hadač (1956: 26) described similar stands from the Temnosmrečinová dolina Valley that could be identical with this association. Jeník (1958) referred to the interesting phytocoenoses with the species of the genus Vaccinium and Sphagnum acutifolium (syn. S. capillifolium) on a steep northern slope in the Západné Tatry Mts. Dúbravcová & al. (1976: 54, Table 9, rel. 15–20) recorded this community from the same mountains as a part of the association Empetro-Vaccinietum Sillinger 19 , the variant with Sphagnum nemoreum (syn. S. capillifolium). Bělohlávková (1980) proposed to classify these stands at the association level as a separate association, the Sphagno nemorei-Empetretum hermaphroditi. Unfortunately, the name remained unpublished. Later Unar (in Unar & al. 1984, 1985) published the name of the similar association Sphagno-Empetretum hermaphroditi, though invalidly, because he did not mention 47 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Figure 2: Dynamics of the selected types of the vegetation on basic substratum in the subalpine belt of some West Car- pathian mountains. Slika 2: Dinamika izbranih vegetacijskih tipov na bazičnem substratu v subalpinskem pasu na nekaterih gorah Zahodnih Karpatov. clearly the taxon the name was derived from [in the original diagnosis, the reference on three taxa of peat mosses – Sphagnum girgensohnii, S. magellanicum and S. russowii (syn. S. robustum) is present]. The community occupies the interface position between the two alliances: Vaccinion myrtilli and Oxycocco-Empetrion hermaphroditi nordhagen ex Hadač & Váňa 1967. It differs from the last one by the absence of typical species of raised bogs, such as Drosera rotundifolia, Eriophorum vaginatum, Ledum palustre and Oxycoccus palustris. Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri typicum Bělohlávková subass. nov. hoc loco Table 2 nomenclatural type: identical with the type of the association synonym: Sphagno nemorei-Empetretum hermaphroditi salicetosum alpinae Šibík 200 p. p. min. (art. 1, art. 4a) Differential taxa: Calamagrostis villosa, Festuca versicolor, Melampyrum sylvaticum, Salix alpina, Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata The stands of typical subassociation occur in the krivánska Malá Fatra, Chočské vrchy, nízke Tatry Mts, and in the group of the Sivý vrch Mt. in the Západné Tatry Mts. The similarity of these mountains and a transitional position of the Sivý vrch Mt. are evident here again, being referred to similar development of vegetation in the postglacial, distinguished though from the Tatra Mts (cf. Šibík & al. 2004, kliment & al. 2005b). The two variants could be identified: a typical one, which is species poor, rather wet and oligotrophic, which is differentiated mostly negatively, and a moderately drier variant with Cetraria islandica, which occurs in less sheltered habitats and is differentiated by higher constancy of Cetraria islandica, Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Huperzia selago, Soldanella carpatica and juvenile or dwarf individuals of Picea abies and Pinus mugo (see Table 2). Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri luzuletosum alpinopilosae Bělohlávková subass. nov. hoc loco Table 2 nomenclatural type: Unar & al. 1984, Table 10, rel. , holotypus Differential taxa: Agrostis rupestris, Bistorta major, Campanulaalpina, Doronicumstiriacum, Festucasupina, Gentiana punctata, Hieracium alpinum, Juncus trifidus, Ligusticum mutellina, Luzula alpinopilosa, Oreochloa disticha, Pulsatilla scherfelii, Vaccinium gaultherioides, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Lophozia guttulata, Polytrichum alpinum In the subalpine and alpine belt of the Západné and Vysoké Tatry Mts, the stands with species typical for the Tatra Mts occur, that seem to be differen 48 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … tial regarding the former subassociation. Empetrum nigrum s. l. does not reach the dominant position, with the species of the genus Vaccinium (V. myrtillus and V. gaultherioides) developed instead. Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae Hadač et al. ex Hadač 1987 Table 1, column 5; Table nomenclatural type: Hadač et al. 1969, p. 47, rel. 147, lectotypus Hadač 1987: 9 synonyms: Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae Hadač et al. 1969 prov. (art. b), Cetrario islandicae- Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae Hadač et al. ex Hadač in Mucina et Maglocký 1985 (art. 2b), Vaccinietum myrtilli Walas 19 p. p. min. (art. 1), non: Vaccinietum myrtilli Szafer et al. 192 Diagnostic taxa: V. vitis-idaea (dom., const.), Cetraria islandica (subdom., const.), Avenella flexuosa (const.), Vaccinium myrtillus (const.) The association belongs to the most poor dwarf- shrub communities (16 taxa per relevé in average). Dominating Vaccinium vitis-idaea, together with the other chamaephytes (Empetrum nigrum s. l., Vaccinium myrtillus), hemicryptophytes (Avenella flexuosa, Festuca supina, Huperzia selago), lichens (Cetraria islandica, Cladonia sp. div.) and mosses (Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum strictum) determine the monotonous aspect of the community, being vivified, however, by conspicuous red-coloured leaves of bilberry and red berries of cranberry in late summer. The community finds optimal ecological conditions in the subalpine belt at the altitude 1 50– 1720 m a. s. l. It occupies the edges of rock crests, steep slopes with inclination 20–40 °, or windward top parts of the relief, and boulder screes. During the winter, these small patches of coenoses are covered with thin snow, thawing very early in spring. Although the association occurs also on basic bedrock (from which it was described), its influence in these extreme conditions is suppressed. not very deep, skeleton soils of the ranker or Rendzi-Lithic Leptosol type are only developed with the layer of dark brown-black humus. The stands of the community are native, equally well developed on basic and acid bedrock. In lower mountains or on siliceous bedrock they represent a vicariant community of the association Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioides. In the Tatry Mts (Západné, Vysoké and nízke), the communities of both associations can fuse and overlap each other. generally, the association Cetrario-Vaccinietum vitis idaeae occurs in relatively less extreme stands. The community is well founded by phytocoenological relevés from the Lúčanská and krivánska Malá Fatra Mts, Babia hora and the Tatry Mts. Even though the community is not distinctively differentiated internally, we have distinguished the two subassociations on the ground of different geological substratum, dominant species, and the moisture gradient: Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae typicum subass. nov. hoc loco Table nomenclatural type: identical with the type of the association Differential taxa: Avenula versicolor, Campanula alpina, Hieracium alpinum, Juncus trifidus, Oreochloa disticha, Soldanella carpatica, Polytrichum alpinum The stands of the typical subassociation are richer in species (18 taxa per relevé); overall physiognomy is determined by dominating cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). The phytocoenoses are mostly fixed to the basic substratum (extremely species poor stands), occurring less on the acidic substratum. Based on the rate of basic substratum isolation, we have distinguished the typical variant, where the influence of basic bedrock is extremely restricted (therefore, the stands have similar species composition as stands on acid bedrock); and the variant with Sesleria albicans, which represents floristically richer community, where the influence of basic bedrock is less suppressed, with higher participation of calciphilous species (see Table ). Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae empetretosum nigri subass. nov. hoc loco Table nomenclatural type: Table , rel. 10, holotypus synonym: Vaccinio myrtilli-Empetretum hermaphroditi polytrichetosum stricti Šibík 200 p. p. maj. (art. 1, art. 4a) Differential taxa: Empetrum nigrum s. l., Homogyne alpina, Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata Physiognomy of this subassociation is determined by the dominant species Empetrum nigrum s. l. In comparison with the former subassociation the stands are more hygrophilous and poorer in species (12 species per relevé in average). They occur on acidic bedrock and often on sizeable boulder Pleistocene quartzite screes or slates (Figure ). 49 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Figure 3: Empetrum nigrum s. l. determined physiognomy of the subassociation Cetrario-Vacciniteum vitis-idaeae empetretosum nigri. It prefers acidic bedrock and often occurs on boulder Pleistocene quartzite screes or slates (top of the bouldered Pleistocene quartzite scree near the spot height ”Hrana Veľkého Kriváňa“, altitude 1618 m a. s. l., August 2nd 2005). Slika 3: Vrsta Empetrum nigrum s. l. določa fiziognomijo subasociacije Cetrario-Vacciniteum vitis-idaeae empetretosum nigri. Pojavlja se na kisli matični podlagi in na plistocenskem grušču in skrilavcih (na vrhu pleistocenskega balvana v bližini vrha ”Hrana Veľkého Kriváňa“, nadmorska višina 1618 m, 2. avgust 2005). Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae (Hadač et al. 1969) nom. nov. hoc loco Table 1, column 6; Table 4 nomenclatural type: Hadač & al. 1969: 44, rel. 12, lectotypus hoc loco Basionym: Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri Hadač et al. 1969 (art. 1) synonyms: Empetreto-Vaccinietum Br.-Bl. 19 0 p. p. (art. 1), Sphagno nemorei-Empetretum hermaphroditi salicetosum alpinae Šibík 200 p. p. maj. (art. 1, art. 4a), Vaccinio myrtilli-Empetretum hermaphroditi polytrichetosum stricti Šibík 200 p. p. min. (art. 1, art. 4a) Pseudonym: Cetrario-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum sensu Hadač & al. 1969 non Hadač 1956, Empetreto- Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum sensu Šmarda & al. 1971 non krajina 19 non: Empetreto-Vaccinietum Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926, Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum krajina 19 , Cetrario-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum Hadač 1956 Diagnostic taxa: Bartsia alpina (dif.), Bistorta major (dif.), Bistorta vivipara (dif.), Dryas octopetala (dif.), Festuca versicolor (dif.), Hedysarum hedysaroides (dif.), Phyteuma orbiculare (dif.), Ranunculus breyninus (dif.), Salix reticulata (dif.), Empetrum nigrum s. l. (subdom., const.), V. vitis-idaea (subdom., const.), Hylocomium splendens (subdom., const.), Festuca supina (const.), Luzula luzuloides (const.), Cetraria islandica (const.), Dicranum scoparium (const.), Pleurozium schreberi (const.) This closed, two-layer community is characterised by almost equal participation of chamaephytes Empetrum nigrum s. l., Vaccinium gaultherioides, V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea in the vegetation cover. Dryas octopetala occurs less in the cover. numerous hemicryptophytes, such as Anthoxanthum alpinum, Avenella flexuosa, Bartsia alpina, Bistorta major, Luzula luzuloides, Festuca supina and F. versicolor are presented by high constancy, however, they do 50 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Figure 4: The stands of the association Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaea probably develop from some moss-rich stands of the association Dryado octopetalae-Caricetum firmae in the moist under-ridge zone, which are not favourable for the fast decomposition of organic remains. In suitable places, both associations form a mosaic pattern (northern slope of the Malý Kriváň Mt., altitude 1570 m a. s. l., August 19th 2002; both photos were taken by J. Šibík). Slika 4: Sestoji asociacije Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaea se verjetno razvijejo iz sestojev asociacije Dryado octopetalae-Caricetum firmae v vlažnem območju pod slemenom, kjer je razgradnja organskih ostankov počasna. Na primernih mestih se sestoji mozaično prepletajo (severno pobočje gore Malý Kriváň, nadmorska višina 1570 m, 19. avgust 2002; obe fotografiji J. Šibík). not affect significantly the physiognomy of stands. In the moss layer Hylocomium splendens, Dicranum scoparium and Pleurozium schreberi create nearly closed carpet. Cetraria islandica represents the most frequent lichen. Currently observed typical hummocks ( 0 –) 50 (– 60) cm in height are typical for more developed stands in later succession stages, with added Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Empetrum nigrum s. l. on their tops. on the steep side of these hummocks (with inclination up to 90 °) diverted from the slope, the moss, Polytrichum strictum, frequently occurs. In depressions under steep slopes, bog mosses may occur commonly. The phytocoenoses occupy north or north-west oriented steep slopes and rocky ridges with inclination from 20 ° to 60 ° on limestone and dolomite bedrock at the altitude 1500–1650 m a. s. l. Community stands are moist, compared to the former association relatively sheltered and situated lower from exposed crests. A thick layer (10–40 and more cm) of undecomposed raw humus (often also peat) isolates them well from basic bedrock; therefore, the soil has slightly acid-to-acid reaction (pH 4, 1–6, 4). Despite the increased acidity of soil due to the accumulation of raw humus, in places where this layer is not so thick and plant roots could maintain the contact with the limestone bedrock, the calciphilous species occur. Just the abundant occurrence of calciphytes and thinner layer of undecomposed humus differ this community from some stands of the association Sphagno capillifolii- Empetretum nigri on basic mineral bedrock. The stands of the association Hylocomio-Vaccinietum are probably developing out of some moss-rich stands of the association Dryado octopetalae-Caricetum firmae Sillinger 19 (cf. Šibík & al. 2004: 196–197) 51 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 in the moist under-ridge zone, not favourable for fast decomposition of organic remains. In suitable places, both associations form mosaic patterns (Figure 2, 4). Equally, these stands may develop though the succession of the association Salicetum jacquinii muscosum Sillinger 19 , when a layer of raw mould from moss cushions, defoliated leaves of willows, and partially from semi-decomposed remains of lichens evolves on rock tables above the black mull humus. This layer is then occupied by Empetrum nigrum s. l. (Sillinger 19 : 2 7). Later on, with progressing succession, several species of bog mosses may develop. In consequence of the increasing accumulation of raw humus and developing thicker turf layer, the calciphilous species retreat and the association may transform into the association Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri. The community may also develop in enclaves sheltered by dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) or dwarf spruces (Picea abies). The association is documented by phytocoenological relevés from the krivánska Malá Fatra Mts and the Belianske Tatry Mts. Sillinger (19 ) mentioned it from the nízke Tatry Mts. syntaxonomical comments: Dwarf-shrub communities on the basic substratum in subalpine belt of the Belianske Tatry Mts were recorded by Braun- Blanquet (19 0: 117). He considered them as a part of the broadly defined association Empetreto- Vaccinietum. Sillinger (19 : 226, 2 7) analysed the dynamics of mosaic stands of grasslands and Empetrum nigrum s. l. in detail. Hadač & al. (1969) described a new association, the Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri, not only on the ground of a geological substratum, but owing to the occurrence of Empetrum nigrum s. str. instead of E. hermaphroditum. This classification appeared to be partly correct: really, there are differences between the stands on limestone and on silicate substratum and between more and less extreme habitats. However, the name proposed by Hadač (in Hadač & al. 1969: 40) is illegitimate as it represents a younger homonym of the validly described association Empetreto-Vaccinietum Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926. The latter association occurs in the Alps and has different floristic composition. Moreover, with regard to previously discussed taxonomic obscurity of the genus Empetrum and especially due to the different content of syntaxa, the name is unusable. Similarly, in case of the association Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum krajina 19 , the described association was differentiated from (Hadač & al. 1969: 41), the species Vaccinium uliginosum (syn. V. gaultherioides) and Empetrum nigrum were used as a basis for the association name. Above all, based on the taxonomical knowledge of that time, the name of Empetrum nigrum was proposed by the authors as E. hermaphroditum. As a basionym, we have selected the name proposed by Hadač & al. (1969), which for the first time notified differences comparing stands on silicate bedrock. Based on the results of syntaxonomical revision, we have included stands classified by Hadač & al. (1969) within the Cetrario-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum Hadač 1956, and by Šmarda & al. (1971) within the Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum krajina 19 to the association Hylocomio-Vaccinietum The Salicetum jacquinii muscosum (Salix jacquinii = S. alpina), as it was described by Sillinger (19 : 2 7) from the north slopes, rock tables and small terraces of the králička Mt. in the nízke Tatry Mts, represents either a younger community in a succession that have a transitional position between the phytoceonoses of the alliance Caricion firmae gams 19 6 and the dwarf-shrub communities, or it is only a succession stage of the Hylocomio-Vaccinietum. Bělohlávková (1980) described similar phytocoenoses from the krivánska Malá Fatra Mts as the association Salici alpini-Salicetum reticulatae, which differs from the stands in the nízke Tatry Mts by the presence of Salix reticulata. Due to the deficiency of phytocoenological data, it is not discussed in this paper. Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae vaccinietosum gaultherioidis subass. nov. hoc loco Table 4 nomenclatural type: identical with the type of the association Differential taxa: Allium senescens subsp. montanum, Androsace chamaejasme, Anemone narcissiflora, Campanula alpina, Campanula tatrae, Crepis jacquinii, Helianthemum grandiflorum, Hieracium alpinum, Trommsdorfia uniflora, Juncus trifidus, Linum extraaxillare, Oreochloa disticha, Pedicularis oederi, Pedicularis verticillata, Potentilla aurea, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium gaultherioides (dom.), Polytrichum piliferum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia rangiferina, Cetraria nivalis, Thamnolia vermicularis. The stands of the subassociation H.-V. vaccinietosum gaultherioidis occur in the interface be 52 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … tween the altimontane and subalpine belt in the Belianske Tatry Mts. The dominant position of the species Vaccinium gaultherioides is typical for these stands. Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae dianthetosum nitidi subass. nov. hoc loco Table 4 nomenclatural type: Table 4, rel. 16, holotypus. Differential taxa: Dianthus nitidus, Homogyne alpina, Huperzia selago, Ranunculus alpestris, Salix alpina, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga paniculata, Soldanella carpatica, Vaccinium myrtillus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, S. magellanicum, S. russowii. Phytocoenological relevés of the subassociation H.-V. dianthetosum nitidi were , however, obtained exclusively from the subalpine belt of the krivánska Malá Fatra Mts. We suppose that the stands from the nízke Tatry Mts mentioned by Sillinger (19 : 279) can also be included here. The phytocoenoses of this subassociation are typified by the dominant or subdominant position of some dwarf shrubs (Empetrum nigrum s. l., Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea) and the constant presence of the West Carpathian endemic species Dianthus nitidus. The absence of some specific taxa, which do not occur in the krivánska Malá Fatra Mts or are very rare (Androsace chamaejasme, Campanula alpina, Juncus trifidus, Oreochloa disticha, Pedicularis oederi, Vaccinium gaultherioides), also separates this subassociation from the former one. Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to Iveta gažiová and Zuzana Rozbrojová for providing publications difficult to access, as well as to Peter kučera, Ladislav Mucina and Milan Valachovič for their valuable comments and suggestions on this paper and Jan Suda for taxonomical comments. For determination of moss specimens we are grateful to katarína Mišíková, katarína kresáňová, Anna kubínska, †Zdeněk Pilous and Rudolf Šoltés; lichens were kindly identified by Anna guttová, Eva Lisická and Ivan Pišút. our thanks go also to Anna Šoltésová for providing their unpublished phytocoenological relevés and Anna Dobošová, Peter kučera and Ivana Šibíková for the fieldwork collaboration. For English improvement we are indebted to natália yehorová. This work was sup- ported by the grant agency VEgA grant no. 4041 and 6057. REFEREnCES Altmannová,M.198 :Subalpínskaaalpínskavegetácia nízkych Tatier a jej hodnotenie pre potreby LAnDEP. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava. Barkman, J. J., Doing, H. & Segal, S. 1964: kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse. Acta Bot. neerl. 1 : 94–419. Bělohlávková, R. 1980: Rostlinná společenstva alpínského stupně kriváňské Malé Fatry. Mscr. Braun-Blanquet J. 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Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … APPEnDIx: sources to the Table 1: 1a: Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis typicum: 4 – Dúbravcová 1974: 67–68, r. 6, 27, 49, 124, Západné Tatry Mts; 6 – Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 4, 5, 8–11, Západné Tatry Mts; 5 – Hadač 1956, Table 6, r. 12, 21, 40, 41, 4 , Vysoké Tatry Mts; 2 – Hrabovcová 1976, Table 1, r. 12, 15, Západné Tatry Mts; 6 – komárková 1964, Table 18, r. 1–4, 9, 10; Západné Tatry Mts; 1 – koreň & al. 2004: 16–18, r. 5, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 2 – krajina 19 , Table 50, r. 2, , Vysoké Tatry Mts; 7 – Maláriková 1978, Table 8, r. 1–7, Západné Tatry Mts; 2 – Miadok 1995: 2 –24, r. 1, , nízke Tatry Mts; 4 – Pietorová 1977, Table 7, r. 1–4, Západné Tatry Mts; 4 – Turečková 1974, Table 12, r. 1, –5, Západné Tatry Mts; 4 – Varečková 1979, Table 8, r. 14, 18, 29, 0, Západné Tatry Mts; 15 – Dúbravcová, ined., Západné Tatry Mts (7), Vysoké Tatry Mts (8); 1 – Šoltésová, ined., Vysoké Tatry Mts. 1b: Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis empetretosum nigri: 6 – Altmannová 198 , Table 10, r. 1–6, nízke Tatry Mts; 1 – Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 20, Západné Tatry Mts; 1 – Braun- Blanquet 19 0: 115, Západné Tatry Mts; 5 – Dúbravcová 1974: 67–68, r. 60, 61, 22 , 224, 2 4, Západné Tatry Mts; 5 – Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 6, 7, 12–14, Západné Tatry Mts; 5 – Háberová & Šoltésová 1989, Table 4, r. –7, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 1 – Hadač 1956: 26, r. 57, Vysoké Tatry Mts; – Hrabovcová 1976, Table 1, r. 18–20, Západné Tatry Mts; – Humeňanský 1966: 18–19, r. 1– , nízke Tatry Mts; 2 – komárková 1964, Table 18, r. 11; p. 66, Západné Tatry Mts; 9 – koreň & al. 2004: 16–18, r. 1– 4, p. 22–2 , r. 1–5, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 7 – krajina 19 , Table 50, r. 1, 4–9, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 6 – králik 1979, Table 8, r. 117, 107, 78, 8 , 79, 5 , Západné Tatry Mts; 4 – Lišková 1960: – 4, r. 1, 2, 4, 5, Západné Tatry Mts; 2 – Miadok 1995: 2 –24, r. 2; p. 27–28, r. 2, nízke Tatry Mts; 1 – Pietorová 1977, Table 7, r. 6, Západné Tatry Mts; – Sillinger 19 : 278, r. 1– , nízke Tatry Mts; 5 – Šomšák & al. 1981, Table 6, r. 1– 5, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 2 – Turečková 1974, Table 12, r. 8, 9, Západné Tatry Mts; 1 – Turis 1997: 64, r. 2, nízke Tatry Mts; 5 – Unar & al. 1984, Table 7, r. 1–5, Západné Tatry Mts; 2 – Vaverčák 1967: 17–18, r. 1, 2, nízke Tatry Mts; 14 – Dúbravcová, ined., Západné Tatry Mts (7), Vysoké Tatry Mts (2), nízke Tatry Mts (5); 1 – Šibík & Šibíková, ined., nízke Tatry Mts; 10 – Šoltésová, ined., Vysoké Tatry Mts. 2: Junco trifidi-Callunetum vulgaris: 5 – Dúbravcová 1974: 70–71, r. 5, 21, 229, 2 0, 2 1, Západné Tatry Mts; 2 – Hadač & al. 1969: 49–50, r. 125, 2 4, Belianske Tatry Mts; 4 – komárková 1964, Table 18, r. 5–8, Západné Tatry Mts; – koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. 5; 19–20, r. 1, 2, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 6 – krajina 19 , Table 51, r. 1–6, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 5 –Šomšák & al. 1981, Table 7, r. 1–5, Vysoké Tatry Mts. : Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli: – Altmannová 198 , Table 12., rel. 1– , nízke Tatry Mts; 25 – Bělohlávková 1980, Table 18, r. 1–25, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts; 1 – Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 2, Západné Tatry Mts; 2 – klika 1926: 69–70, Veľká Fatra Mts; 2 – klika 19 4: 2 –24, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts; 9 – krajina 19 , Table 52, r. 1–4, Table 65, r. 1–5, Vysoké Tatry Mts; 5 – králik 1979, Table 1 , r. 74, 75, 82, 57, 45, Západné Tatry Mts; – kubíková 197 , Table 1, r. 9, 17, 11, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts; 2 – Miadok 1995: 25, r. 1–2, nízke Tatry Mts; 1 – Milová & Removčíková 1986: 257, r. 2, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts; – Sillinger 19 : 27 , r. 1– , nízke Tatry Mts; 8 – Szafer & al. 192 , Table 7, rel. 1–8, Západné Tatry Mts; 2 – Szafer & al. 1927, Table 4, rel. 1–2, Západné Tatry Mts; 1 – Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 1, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts; 7 – Treskoňová 1972: 45, r. 2, 7, 8, 11, 2 , 18, 15, nízke Tatry Mts; 10 – Unar & al. 1984, Table 9, rel. 1–10, Západné Tatry Mts; 6 – Walas 19 , Table 8, r. 1–6, Mt. Babia hora; 4 – kliment, ined., Lúčanská Malá Fatra Mts (1), kubínska hoľa Mt. (1), Volovské vrchy Mts (2); 1 – kliment & kučera, ined., Lúčanská Malá Fatra Mts; 1 – kliment & Mráz, ined., Volovské vrchy Mts. 4: Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri: 42 – Šibík & al., Table 2. 5: Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae: 41 – Šibík & al., Table . 6: Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae: 25 – Šibík & al., Table 4. localities of the phytocoenological relevés: The data on unpublished relevés or relevés from the manuscripts are arranged as follows: the name and description of a locality; the altitude; geographical coordinates; exposition, inclination, geological bedrock, relevé area, total cover, cover of individual layers, date, author(s) of relevé (RB = 57 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Radmila Bělohlávková, AD = Anna Dobošová, ZD = Zuzana Dúbravcová, Jk = Ján kliment, Pk = Peter kučera, IŠ = Ivana Šibíková, JŠ = Jozef Šibík). Published relevés are documented by the abbreviated citation and localisation. Table 2: 1. Unar & al. 1984, Table 10, r. 1, Západné Tatry Mts. 2. Unar & al. 1984, Table 10, r. , Západné Tatry Mts. . Unar & al. 1984, Table 10, r. 4, Západné Tatry Mts. 4. Unar & al. 1984, Table 10, r. 5, Západné Tatry Mts. 5. Unar & al. 1984, Table 10, r. 2, Západné Tatry Mts. 6. Západné Tatry Mts, Jalovecká dolina Valley (Bobrovecká dolina Valley), the rocky rib of a glen below the ground elevation 1807,7 m; 17 0m; n, 20°, 12m2, E1: 95%, E0: 60%, 0. 8. 1974, ZD, (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 15). 7. Západné Tatry Mts, Jalovecká dolina Valley, Parichvost saddle, the slope below the saddle between the Jalovecká dolina Valley and Ráztoka; 1800 m; WnW, 0 °, 50 m2, E1: 45 %, E0: 85 %, . 9. 1975, ZD, (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 16). 8. koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. 6, Vysoké Tatry Mts (ut Cetrario-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae). 9. Západné Tatry Mts, Jalovecká dolina Valley (Bobrovecká dolina Valley), grapy; nW, 15 °, 15 m2, E1: 80 %, E0: 100 %, 27. 8. 1974, ZD, (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 17). 10. Západné Tatry Mts, Jalovecká dolina Valley (Bobrovecká dolina Valley), the enclave in dwarf-pine stands between the ground elevations 1807,7 m and 1687, m; 1670 m; W, 15 °, 12 m2, E1: 80 %, E0: 100 %, 0. 8. 1974, ZD, (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 18). 11. Západné Tatry Mts, Jamnická dolina Valley, ostrý Roháč Mt., the south-eastern fork; 1820 m; n, 45 °, 20 m2, E1: 65 %, E0: 90 %, 14. 9. 1974, ZD, (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 19). 12. Západné Tatry Mts, Račková dolina Valley, the north-eastern slopes below Jakubina; 1700 m; nE, 45 °, 18 m2, E1: 85 %, E0: 100 %, 12. 8. 1975, ZD, (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 20). 1 . Miadok 1995: 27–28, r. 1, nízke Tatry Mts (ut Vaccinio-Empetretum). 14. Západné Tatry Mts, Sivý vrch Mt., the north slope ca. 60 – 80 m below the top; about 17 0 m; n, 0 °, limestone, 12 m2, E1: 50 %, E0: 70 %, 12. 8. 1976, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 14). 15. krivánska Malá Fatra Mts (kMF), Veľký kriváň Mt., behind the quartzite scree near the ground elevation ”Hrana Veľkého kriváňa“; 1605 m; 49°11’26,6”; 19°01’ 9,8”; n, 5 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 95 %, E1: 70 %, E0: 85 %, 22. 6. 2001; JŠ & AD (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 11). 16. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the western slope, near the quartzite scree, optically opposite to the top of Meškalka Mt.; 1580 m; WSW, 25 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 95 %, E0: 0 %, 18. 7. 2001; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 10). 17. kMF, Chleb Mt., the lateral quartzite ridge declining to the Révayovská dolina Valley, below the tourist path from the Snilovské sedlo Saddle to the tourist chalet below the Chleb Mt.; 1500 m; 49°11’14,7”, 19°02’ 5,5”; nW, 25 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 80 %, E0: 70 %, 1. 8. 2002; JŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 15). 18. kMF, Chleb Mt., southern slopes, silicate ridge; 1525m; nW, 5°, 25m2, E1: 70%, E0: 40%, 15. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 17). 19. kMF, Veľký Rozsutec Mt., northern slopes, the last jags of rocks towards the Poludňové skaly Mt.; 1520 m; n, 60 °, dolomites, 25 m2, E2: 10 %, E1: 80 %, E0: 50 %, 12. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 15). 20. kMF, Veľký Rozsutec Mt., the northern slope below the top rocks; 1575 m; nW, 45 °, dolomites, 25 m2, E2: 2 %, E1: 85 %, E0: 10 %, 12. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 18). 21. kMF, Veľký Rozsutec Mt., below the tourist path, near the crossroad point to the top and to the Medzirozsutce Saddle; 157 m; 49°1 ’54,9”; 19°05’59,2”; nnW, 20 °, dolomites, 20 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 70 %, E0: 85 %, 24. 8. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 5). 22. kMF, Veľký Rozsutec Mt., above the tourist path in the direction towards the Medzirozsutce Saddle, close to the top; 1598 m; 49°1 ’55,1”; 19°06’00,2”; nnE, 0 °, dolomites, 15 m2, total cover: 100 %, E2: 15 %, E1: 75 %, E0: 70 %, 0. 6. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 6). 58 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … 2 . kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., above the avalanche glen descending to the Belianska dolina Valley, a smaller glen joining the big Markušov žľab glen; 1500 m; nnW, 5 °, dolomitic limestone, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 95 %, E0: 60 %, 2. 9. 2002; JŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 7). 24. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the north-western slope below the rock mound on the top; 1640 m; nnW, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 90 %, E0: 85 %, 18. 7. 2001; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 12). 25. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the north-western slope, the lower part near a depression dividing the Malý kriváň Mt. from the main ridge; 1625 m; 49°10’5 ,6”; 18°59’27,0”; nW, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 99 %, E1: 75 %, E0: 80 %, 24. 7. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 1 ). 26. kMF, Veľký kriváň, the northern slope below a quartzite scree near the ground elevation ”Hrana Veľkého kriváňa“, the low part to the left from the quartzite scree (towards the Vrátna dolina Valley); 1600 m; n, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 75 %, E0: 95 %, 11. 7. 2001; JŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 16). 27. kMF, Veľký kriváň Mt., the lateral quartzite crest above the end of the Studenec Valley, above the chalet “Chata Voliarka”, the enclave in dwarf-pine stands; 1407 m; 49°11’0 ,5”; 19°01’22,8”; n, 20 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 85 %, E0: 60 %, 17. 6. 2004, JŠ. 28. kMF, Snilovské sedlo Saddle, northern slopes under the uppermost station of the cableway; 1490 m; 49°11’ 8,8”; 19°02’19,0”; nnE, 15 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 95 %, E0: 60 %, 9. 7. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 9). 29. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the western slope near the avalanche glen; 1600 m; W, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, E1: 80 %, E0: 20 %, 20. 7. 197 , RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 1). 0. kMF, Chleb Mt., the western slope of the lateral quartzite crest jutting to the tourist chalet “Chata pod Chlebom”; 1525 m; WnW, 10 °, quartzite, 20 m2, E1: 65 %, E0: 0 %, 15. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. ). 1. Západné Tatry Mts, Brestová Mt., the plateau below the top (in the direction of the tourist path to Zverovka); about 1850 m; 0 °, quartzite, 4 m2, E1: 70 %, E0: 45 %, 12. 8. 1976, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 15). 2. kMF, Suchý – Biele skaly Mt., northern slopes, the enclave in dwarf-pine stands below the ridge rocks; 1425 m; n, 70 °, limestone, 12 m2, E1: 70 %, E0: 40 %, 14. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 2). . kMF, Suchý – Biele skaly Mt., northern slopes, the rocky slope ca. 20 m below the top, the enclave in dwarf-pine stands; 1400 m; n, 50 °, limestone, 8 m2, E1: 40 %, E0: 90 %, 14. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 11). 4. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the shoulder northern slopes near the top from the Priehyb Saddle, about 50 m below the ridge; 1475 m; nE, 50 °, dolomites, 25 m2, E1: 60 %, E0: 0 %, 1. 4. 1974, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 4). 5. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes, the crest in glen between the top and the Priehyb Saddle; 1480 m; nW, 50 °, dolomites, 25 m2, E1: 60 %, E0: 60 %, 16. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 7). 6. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes, the lateral crest between the first (smaller) and second (bigger) avalanche glens in the direction from Priehyb Saddle; 1450 m; W, 5 °, dolomites, 25 m2, E1: 70 %, E0: 45 %, 21. 9. 1976, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 12). 7. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the western slope; 16 0 m; W, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, E6 0 0 1: 60 %, E0: 50 %, 17. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 5). 8. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes, below the crest silicate rocks (about 0 m below the ridge) towards the koniarky Saddle; 1560 m; nnW, 25 °, quartzite, 6 m2, E1: 45 %, E0: 65 %, 21. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 8). 9. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the west-south-western slope; 1620 m; WSW, 40 °, quartzite, 25 m2, E1: 60 %, E0: 50 %, 17. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 6). 40. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the western slope near the ridge; 1650 m; W, 25 °, quartzite, 25 m2, E1: 40 %, E0: 80 %, 17. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 10). 41. Chočské vrchy Mts, Veľký Choč Mt., the enclave in dwarf-pine stands below the top on the northwestern slope; about 1550 m; nE, 20 °, dolomites, 2 m2, E1: 70 %, E0: 50 %, 16. 7. 1976, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 1 ). 42. kMF, Biele skaly Mt., the north-western slope, the enclave in dwarf-pine stands below the crest 59 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 rocks; 1400 m; nW, 50 °, limestone, 15 m2, E1: 50 %, E0: 80 %, 14. 8. 1975, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 9). Table 3: 1. Západné Tatry Mts, kamenistá dolina Valley, the slope of the rocky glen with flowing water below the Bystrá Mt.; 1670 m; nE, 50 °, 15 m2, E1: 95 %, E0: 60 %, 29. 8. 197 , ZD. 2. krivánska Malá Fatra Mts (kMF), koniarky Mt., near the obscure saddle between the Hole Mt. and the koniarky Mt., where a non-marked tourist path from Chrapáky comes to; 1470 m; 49°11’4 ,0”; 19°00’22,8”; nnW, 10 °, coloured slate of keuper, 12 m2, total cover: 95 %, E2: 5 %, E1: 95 %, E0: 5 %, 11. 7. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. ). . kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the south-western slope, near the Pleistocene quartzite boulders; 1607 m; 49°10’46,8”; 18°59’ 1, ”; W, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 85 %, E1: 70 %, E0: 55 %, 24. 7. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 4). 4. Milová & Urbanová 1989: 02, r. 1, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts (ut Cetrario-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis empetretosum). 5. Walas 19 , Table 8, r. 7, Babia hora Mt. (ut Vaccinietum myrtilli). 6. Šibík & al. 2004: 64, krivánska Malá Fatra Mts. 7. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes, the ridge of lateral rock crest towards the koniarky Mt.; 1475 m; n, 20 °, dolomites, 15 m2, E1: 98 %, E0: 5 %, 17. 7. 1978, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 17). 8. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes, the north-western ridge of a slightly convex crest in the end of the first avalanche glen from the Priehyb Saddle; 1500 m; nW, 0 °, dolomites, 25 m2, E1: 90 %, E0: 20 %, 17. 7. 1978, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 19). 9. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the west-north-western slope, a moderately convex part; 1600 m; WnW, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, E1: 50 %, E0: 60 %, 20. 7. 197 , RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 18). 10. kMF, Veľký kriváň Mt., near the ground elevation ”Hrana Veľkého kriváňa“, the top of the boulder Pleistocene quartzite scree; 1618 m; 49°11’25,5”; 19°01’40, ”; nW, 25 °, quartzite, 15 m2, total cover: 75 %, E1: 65 %, E0: 0 %, 4. 8. 2001; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 6). 11. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the western slope; 1610 m; W, 0 °, quartzite, 25 m2, E 0 1: 98 %, E0: 5 %, 18. 7. 1978, RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 20, r. 16). 12. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the quartzite scree near the Markušov žľab glen, near the crest on the top of quartzite boulders; 1600 m; 49°11’07,2”; 18°59’5 ,7”; WnW, 5 °, quartzite, 20 m2, total cover: 85 %, E1: 80 %, E0: 5 %, 25. 7. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 2). 1 . kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the low part of boulder quartzite scree near the Markušov žľab glen; 1585 m; 49°11’07,4”; 18°59’52,7”; WnW, 40 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 75 %, E1: 70 %, E0: 60 %, 11. 7. 2001; JŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 8). 14. kMF, koniarky Mt., near the top, to the right from a tourist path from the Bublen Saddle to the Hole Mt., below the erosion furrow; 1520 m; 49°11’ 8,0”; 19°00’ 5, ”; n, 15 °, coloured slate of keuper, 25 m2, celková pokryvnosť: 98 %, E1: 90 %, E0: 40 %, 10. 7. 2002; JŠ, IŠ & AD (see also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 5). 15. kMF, Veľký kriváň Mt., the high margin of slope below the quartzite scree, just below the ground elevation ”Hrana Veľkého kriváňa“; 1625 m; nW, 25 °, quartzite, 25 m2, total cover: 98 %, E1: 90 %, E0: 70 %, 11. 7. 2001; JŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 14). 16. Hadač & al. 1969: 48, r. 147, Belianske Tatry Mts. 17. Hadač & al. 1969: 48, r. 229, Belianske Tatry Mts. 18. Háberová & Šoltésová 1989, Table 4, r. 2, Vysoké Tatry Mts. 19. koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. , Vysoké Tatry Mts. 20. koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. 1, Vysoké Tatry Mts. 21. Západné Tatry Mts, Jamnická dolina Valley, Plačlivô Mt.; 1860 m; nE, 50 °, 16 m2, E1: 100 %, E0: 100 %, 15. 7. 197 ; ZD (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. ). 22. koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. 2, Vysoké Tatry Mts. 2 . koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. 4, Vysoké Tatry Mts. 24. Horák 1971, Table , r. 49, Západné Tatry Mts. 25. Západné Tatry Mts, Jamnická dolina Valley, a moraine covered with vegetation below the ostrý Roháč Mt.; 1800 m; nE, 5 °, 20 m2, E1: 60 %, E0: 80 %, 14. 9. 1974; ZD (see also Dúbravcová & al. 1976, Table 9, r. 1). 26. Miadok 1995: 26, r. 1, nízke Tatry Mts. 60 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … 27. kMF, Biele skaly Mt., northern slopes, the 5 °, dolomite, 25 m2, E2: 0 %, E1: 95 %, E0: shoulder below the ridge; 1400 m; n, 50 °, lime-20 %, 2 . 8. 197 , RB (see also Bělohlávková stone, 20 m2, E1: 70 %, E0: 95 %, 14. 8. 1975, RB 1980, Table 2, r. 5). (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 8). 41. Milová & Urbanová 1989: 299– 01, krivánska 28. Miadok 1995: 26, r. 2, nízke Tatry Mts. Malá Fatra Mts. 29. Miadok 1995: 26, r. , nízke Tatry Mts. 0. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the ridge from the ko-Table 4: niarky Saddle, northern slopes, a steep part be-1. Hadač & al. 1969: 44, r. 12, Belianske Tatry Mts low the top rocks; 1550 m; nW, 0 °, dolomites, (ut Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri). 15 m2, E1: 90 %, E0: 50 %, 22. 7. 197 , RB (see 2. Hadač & al. 1969: 46, r. 219, Belianske Tatry also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 7). Mts (ut Cetrario-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatricum). 1. kMF, koniarky Mt., the ridge from the top to . Hadač & al. 1969: 44, r. 206, Belianske Tatry the Hole Mt. and towards the village Belá (near Mts (ut Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri). the green tourist path), northern slopes; 1450 m; 4. Hadač & al. 1969: 44, r. 2 8, Belianske Tatry n, 0 °, coloured slate of keuper, 25 m2, E1: Mts (ut Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri). 80 %, E0: 0 %, 17. 8. 1975, RB (see also 5. Braun-Blanquet 19 0: 117, Belianske Tatry Mts Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 9). (ut Empetreto-Vaccinietum). 2. koreň & al. 2004: 18–19, r. 7, Vysoké Tatry Mts. 6. Hadač & al. 1969: 44, r. 1 8, Belianske Tatry . kMF, koniarky Mt., the top plateau; 1475 m; n, Mts (ut Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri). 10 °, coloured slate of keuper, 25 m2, E1: 95 %, 7. Hadač & al. 1969: 44, r. 21 , Belianske Tatry E0: 50 %, 9. 8. 197 , RB (see also Bělohlávková Mts (ut Vaccinio-Empetretum nigri). 1980, Table 2, r. 6). 8. Šmarda & al. 1971, Table 1 , r. 54, Belianske 4. Lúčanská Malá Fatra Mts (LMF), the massif of Tatry Mts (ut Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatri- Martinské hole, ground elevation Humience cum). (1 98 m a. s. l.), windy area near the top of the 9. Šmarda & al. 1971, Table 1 , r. 116, Belianske crest; 1 96 m; 49°04’06,5”; 18°48’5 ,4”; S, 0 °, Tatry Mts (ut Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatri25 m2, E1: 75–80 %, E0: 20 %, . 9. 2004, Jk cum). & Pk. 10. Šmarda & al. 1971, Table 1 , r. 117, Belianske 5. LMF, the massif of Martinské hole, Veterné Mt., Tatry Mts (ut Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatrithe northern slope, eastward from the top, be-cum). low the saddle; 14 m; 49°04’50, ”; 18°48’2 ,4”; 11. Šmarda & al. 1971, Table 1 , r. 118, Belianske n, 15 °, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 75 %, E0: Tatry Mts (ut Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatri 5–40 %, 7. 9. 2004, Jk. cum). 6. kMF, Stoh Mt., the top plateau; 1600 m; nW, 12. Šmarda & al. 1971, Table 1 , r. 119, Belianske 5 °, marl limestone, 20 m2, E1: 98 %, E0: 40 %, Tatry Mts (ut Empetreto-Vaccinietum uliginosi tatri 15. 7. 197 ; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Ta-cum) . ble 2, r. 1). 1 . krivánska Malá Fatra Mts (kMF), Malý kriváň 7. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the ridge from Priehyb Mt., near the top of the rock formation ”Sviňa“; Saddle; 1475 m; W, 20 °, dolomite, 25 m2, E1: 1560 m; 49°11’16,5”; 19°00’04,9”; nnE, 45 °, 98 %, E0: 15 %, 21. 7. 197 ; RB (see also dolomite, 16 m2, total cover: 95 %, E1: 70 %, E0: Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 2). 90 %, 21. 7. 2001; JŠ, IŠ & ZD (see also Šibík 8. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the ridge from koniarky 200 , Table 2, r. 7). Saddle, an exposed plateau on rock ridge at the 14. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the steep ”costate“ for- contact zone between the silicate and carbon-mations declining to the Belianska dolina Val- ate bedrock; 1575 m; 0 °, quartzite, 8 m2, E1: ley, just behind the Svinský žľab glen, just be98 %, E0: 0 %, 2 . 8. 197 ; RB (see also low the ridge; 1585 m; 49°11’11,6”; 19°00’00,4”; Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. ). n, 45 °, dolomitic limestone, 8 m2, total cover: 9. kMF, Severné Steny Mt., the south-eastern 95 %, E1: 85 %, E0: 50 %, 1. 7. 2002; JŠ (see slope; 1475 m; SE, 0 °, marl limestone, 25 m2, also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 8). E2: %, E1: 98 %, E0: 20 %, 18. 8. 197 , RB (see 15. kMF, Chleb Mt., the edge of the lateral ridge also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 4). declining to the Vrátna dolina Valley, forming 40. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the ridge from the ko-marked western wall of the Chlebské kotle; niarky Saddle, northern slopes; 1500 m; WnW, 1628 m; 49°11’21, ”; 19°0 ’09,5”; nnE, 0 °, 61 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 dolomite, 20 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 95 %, E0: 50 %, 12. 8. 2001; JŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 2, r. 9). 16. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the northern slope, below the top, above the avalanche glen near the scree, optically opposite to the koniarky; 1590 m; 49°10’59,8”; 18°59’ 1,2”; n, 0 °, dolomitic limestone, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 90 %, E0: 80 %, 19. 8. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 1). 17. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., a mosaic community on the northern slope, above the numerous ventilation hollows of karst formations; 1570 m; 49°11’00,7”; 18°59’29,5”; n, 25 °, dolomitic limestone, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 85 %, E0: 75 %, 19. 8. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 2). 18. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., above the glen declining to the Belianska dolina Valley, a conspicuous convex crest declining to the valley; 1580 m; 49°10’59,8”; 18°59’26,1”; nW, 5 °, dolomitic limestone, 25 m2, total cover: 100 %, E1: 95 %, E0: 60 %, 19. 8. 2002; JŠ & IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. ). 19. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the northern slope above the avalanche glen, near the Malá Fatra abyss; 1585 m; 49°10’57,2”; 18°59’22,2”; n, 40 °, dolomitic limestone, 20 m2, total cover: 100 %, E2: 20%, E1: 65%, E0: 85%, 24.7. 2002; JŠ &IŠ (see also Šibík 200 , Table 1, r. 4). 20. kMF, Chleb Mt., the boulder stepped slope of the moraine on the bottom of a cirque; 1500 m; nW, 0 °, limestone, 15 m2, E1: 80 %, E0: 25 %, 15. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 10). 21. kMF, Veľký Rozsutec Mt., the north slope below the crest near the top; 1575 m; nnW, 50 °, dolomite, 20 m2, E1: 90 %, E0: 10 %, 12. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 11). 22. kMF, Chleb Mt., the loamy boulder scree in the bottom of the cirque; 1475 m; n, 25 °, limestone, 20 m2, E1: 80 %, E0: 25 %, 15. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 1 ). 2 . kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., the northern slope, the plateau on a rock crest in the upper part of the glen covered with dwarf-pine stands and other shrubs; 1570 m; WnW, 0 °, dolomite, 25 m2, E1: 50 %, E0: 50 %, 16. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 12). 24. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes of the top crests before the big glen (from koniarky Mt.); 1550 m; n, 40 °, dolomite, 25 m2, E1: 75 %, E0: 40 %, 16. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 14). 25. kMF, Malý kriváň Mt., northern slopes, rocks covered with vegetation in the big glen; 1550 m; n, 60 °, dolomite, 25 m2, E1: 60 %, E0: 60 %, 16. 8. 1975; RB (see also Bělohlávková 1980, Table 2, r. 16). Recieved 1 . 12. 2005 Revision recieved 26. 5. 2006 Accepted 2. 6. 2006 62 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Table 1: Comparison of the West Carpathian plant communities of the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea (a brief synoptic table) . Table 2: Primerjava rastlinskih združb razreda Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Zahodnih Karpatov (skrajšana sinoptična tabela) . 1 – Cetrario nivalis-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis; 1a – C.-V. typicum; 1b – C.-V. empetretosum nigri; 2 – Junco- Callunetum vulgaris; 3 – Avenastro versicoloris-Vaccinietum myrtilli; 4 – Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri; 5 – Cetrario-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae;6 – Hylocomio-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae;7 – Loiseleurio-Vaccinion (columns 1 & 2); 8 – Vaccinion myrtilli (columns 3 – 6). Number of column 1a 1b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of relevés 63 104 167 25 96 42 41 25 192 204 Average number of taxa 20 21 21 21 18 16 16 30 21 19 Differential taxa of the subassociations CC Festuca supina D1a,7 863 492 633 443 252 242 493 683 603 353 Cladonia rangiferina (E0) D1a,7 683 323 463 563 173 212 152 403 473 203 Alectoria ochroleuca (E0) D1a 513 72 233 162 142 52 42 223 42 Cladonia stellaris (E0) D1a 112 42 12 23 42 42 12 LV Empetrum nigrum s. l. Cc,D1b 82 826 546 81 112 836 447 805 486 416 NS Homogyne alpina D1b 292 593 473 202 783 743 323 483 443 643 Huperzia selago D1b 192 422 342 62 362 462 442 292 252 Pleurozium schreberi (E0) D1b 173 373 293 364 474 364 373 643 303 454 Cv Trommsdorfia uniflora D1b 132 82 243 72 122 102 52 Diagnostic taxa of the associations lv Vaccinium gaultherioides T1,C7 1007 887 927 242 82 244 22 487 837 155 CC Campanula alpina D1,7 893 893 893 563 112 212 273 122 853 173 Carex sempervirens D1,7 372 542 472 123 112 22 122 242 432 112 SH Salix herbacea D1,7 212 154 173 153 - Polytrichum alpinum (E0) D1 112 203 173 73 142 154 163 153 113 CK Bistorta vivipara D1,6 193 92 132 12 22 73 722 112 112 Doronicum stiriacum D1 172 82 112 102 52 102 32 CU Calluna vulgaris C2 163 122 132 1007 153 22 22 245 82 pm Juniperus sibirica D2 192 152 172 482 102 52 212 62 pm Pinus mugo D2 82 202 162 402 142 102 242 162 192 152 Cv Solidago *minuta D2 112 122 112 402 322 102 52 202 152 212 cv Calamagrostis villosa D2,3 32 223 152 442 563 242 202 203 192 383 ns Ligusticum mutellina D3 302 472 412 242 402 123 52 82 392 232 NS Potentilla aurea D3 212 102 142 282 362 72 122 162 202 MU, NS Hypericum maculatum D3 12 12 342 22 12 172 MU Gentiana asclepiadea D3 82 322 22 12 162 Oreogeum montanum D3 102 92 92 41 302 82 142 MU Veratrum *lobelianum D3 21 11 11 292 11 142 SH, Cv Festuca picturata D3 23 22 22 192 22 22 92 pm, vp Dryopteris dilatata s. l. D3 12 12 182 12 92 aa Athyrium distentifolium D3 183 83 MU Acetosa arifolia D3 173 52 93 ca Calamagrostis arundinacea D3 163 47 83 Deschampsia cespitosa D3 143 22 73 Oxalis acetosella D3 143 22 73 Sphagnum sp. div. (E0) D4,8 32 102 72 41 113 1007 72 364 72 326 OS Polytrichum strictum (E0) D4,8 84 164 134 122 112 904 394 565 134 394 CK, ES Festuca versicolor D6 23 12 82 172 172 683 22 152 fv Bartsia alpina D6 62 32 42 22 122 642 42 112 CK,cf Dryas octopetala D6 52 562 82 MU Bistorta major D6 83 92 82 42 123 242 52 523 82 183 ES Phyteuma orbiculare D6 102 442 72 6 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Number of column 1a 1b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ranunculus breyninus D6 242 32 CK, ac Salix reticulata D6 243 33 fv Hedysarum hedysaroides D6 242 32 Loiseleurio-Vaccinion CC Juncus trifidus D7 923 893 903 723 112 292 204 123 883 173 CC, cv Hieracium alpinum D7 842 782 802 762 222 242 272 243 802 242 CC Oreochloa disticha D7 702 633 662 562 72 312 273 242 652 182 CC, cv Avenula versicolor D7 713 582 632 562 142 52 152 622 102 CC Agrostis rupestris D7 523 463 493 523 72 102 103 493 72 Cladonia gracilis (E0) D7 483 403 433 601 92 52 73 42 452 72 CC, cv Pulsatilla scherfelii D7 523 383 433 402 42 73 73 433 53 Cladonia arbuscula (E0) D7 563 293 393 602 42 22 73 203 423 63 Primula minima D7 332 272 292 202 22 53 282 13 lv Loiseleuria procumbens C7 15 15 15 - Vaccinion myrtilli Cv Luzula luzoloides D2,8 162 91 112 402 683 52 123 682 152 443 Dicranum scoparium (E0) D8 62 154 123 41 383 333 223 723 113 383 Hylocomium splendens (E0) D8 33 113 83 123 285 313 154 846 83 335 pm, vp Sorbus *glabrata D8 31 21 212 292 272 282 21 252 cf Salix alpina D8 192 72 604 133 Luzula sylvatica D8 182 72 52 82 122 Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia, Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cc 973 703 803 964 764 1004 1007 925 823 885 Vaccinium myrtillus Cc 813 904 874 883 1008 1005 855 645 874 937 Caricetea curvulae, Carici rupestris-Kobresietea, Elyno-Seslerietea CK, Cv Campanula tatrae 111 102 102 282 42 202 122 42 fv Salix retusa s. l. 113 84 93 23 24 45 83 14 CC Senecio *carniolicus 82 82 82 11 23 72 12 ES, fv Pedicularis verticillata 31 11 21 22 122 162 21 52 CK Carex atrata 32 22 22 22 52 82 22 22 ES Dianthus nitidus 72 322 52 st Sesleria tatrae 52 243 42 cf Carex firma 22 202 32 ES Biscutella laevigata 21 52 242 42 ES Galium anisophyllon 12 22 222 202 82 as Sesleria albicans 15 173 162 63 oe Androsace chamaejasme 242 32 Mulgedio-Aconitetea Cv Anemone narcissiflora 52 53 52 41 12 22 22 362 52 62 Cv Gentiana punctata 51 282 192 201 192 172 72 192 142 cv Sempervivum montanum agg. 22 51 42 41 61 41 31 NS,st Anthoxanthum alpinum 82 132 112 241 222 125 442 132 182 Achillea *alpestris 21 11 62 103 82 11 62 Cv Campanula serrata 122 102 42 82 Other taxa Avenella flexuosa 462 552 512 723 904 793 714 403 542 774 Soldanella carpatica 162 342 272 122 242 142 203 523 252 252 SH Luzula alpinopilosa 62 192 142 81 72 262 52 142 102 NS Nardus stricta 22 32 22 122 233 52 103 42 143 Euphrasia tatrae 111 81 91 41 11 81 +1 Senecio *carpathicus 22 83 52 122 22 62 12 SH Leucanthemopsis alpina 51 52 52 11 23 22 42 12 VP Picea abies 52 32 82 83 103 122 282 42 123 Melampyrum pratense 11 11 92 122 52 82 11 92 Rubus idaeus 12 12 183 72 52 12 113 Ranunculus pseudomontanus 32 82 62 42 32 22 122 42 62 52 Melampyrum sylvaticum 22 12 42 222 172 42 22 142 64 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Number of column 1a 1b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pm, ss Salix silesiaca 22 12 72 22 54 82 12 62 Hieracium lachenalii 82 102 22 42 72 Parnassia palustris 12 22 52 242 52 Poa alpina 12 22 22 202 42 Saxifraga aizoides 22 242 32 AT Saxifraga paniculata 22 202 32 pc Crepis jacquinii 11 202 32 Bryophytes & Lichens (E0) Cetraria islandica 1007 856 906 885 584 524 956 763 906 674 Cladonia coccifera 272 263 263 322 12 72 152 163 272 72 Cladonia sp. 51 153 113 84 12 72 243 82 113 83 Ptilidium ciliare 32 32 32 162 51 22 54 202 52 62 Polytrichum piliferum 222 193 203 202 11 54 122 203 32 Cladonia pyxidata s. l. 83 182 142 283 51 22 42 162 31 Thamnolia vermicularis 252 72 142 122 21 122 142 22 Cladonia uncialis 212 72 122 202 21 52 82 132 32 Cetraria cucullata 293 22 122 82 52 82 112 22 Cetraria nivalis 172 82 112 122 12 22 123 112 23 Cladonia bellidiflora 63 122 102 41 11 22 92 12 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus 32 22 22 44 142 404 32 113 Polytrichum commune 52 24 33 44 94 72 52 245 33 104 Polytrichum juniperinum 53 94 74 122 102 25 72 202 83 92 Cladonia furcata 21 42 32 82 33 22 22 242 42 52 Cladonia squamosa 32 52 42 122 52 104 42 52 33 Rhytidium rugosum 11 11 121 73 244 21 43 Racomitrium lanuginosum 52 73 63 201 52 82 12 Cetraria ericetorum 84 33 54 41 53 - Polytrichum sp. 24 123 103 82 63 + occurrence with frequency lower than 0,5 % 65 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Table 2 (Tabela 2): Sphagno capillifolii-Empetretum nigri Bělohlávková ass. nov. S.-E. luzuletosum alpinopilosae Bělohlávková subass. nov. (rels. 1–12); S.-E. typicum Bělohlávková subass. nov. (rels. 13–42); variant with Cetraria islandica (rels. 13–28); typical variant (rels. 29-42) Relevé number 111 1111111222222222 23333333333444 123456789012 3456789012345678 90123456789012 Number of taxa 222232331211 Cs 1111111221211111 111 1 Cs Ca 487024019584 (%) 2042119467224274 67869210988791 (%) (%) Diagnostic taxa of association Polytrichum strictum (E0) 1+1+1a+m133a 1004 11aaaa..31a343aa .11.+11a1a111a 874 904 Sphagnum capillifolium (E0) .....343a145 587 .41aa..13ba33a33 b3335..334353. 806 747 Sphagnum russowii (E0) a43a3....... 426 .....a31..3..... .....b........ 176 246 Sphagnum girgensohnii (E0) 43333...3... 507 ................ .............4 38 177 Sphagnum magellanicum (E0) ...a........ 85 .....1a1........ .....b........ 134 124 Sphagnum rubellum (E0) ............ – ..4..........4.. .............. 78 58 Sphagnum quinquefarium (E0) ............ - ................ ......4....... 38 28 Sphagnum sp. (E0) ............ - 3............... .............. 37 27 LV Vaccinium vitis-idaea 1+111+1++a+1 1003 1+1aaa3aaaabbabb 111+1a11aaaa31 1004 1004 LV Vaccinium myrtillus aaaaa3+43334 1006 aa33343aabb443b5 1111+a1aaa111+ 1005 1005 LV Empetrum nigrum s. l. +1111.+..... 503 43ab31a14453334. 44453334333333 977 836 Avenella flexuosa 1111+1.1a3+1 923 1+111+....bab111 +++..1+1+++1.. 733 793 NS Homogyne alpina 1+11+a1+a11+ 1003 ..r++1++1+11aa+a ....+...++..r+ 633 743 Differential taxa of the subassociations and variants CC Oreochloa disticha +1++1++1++++ 1002 +............... .............. 32 312 CC Juncus trifidus +++.+++1111+ 922 ................ ..+........... 32 292 CC, SH Luzula alpinopilosa ++++1+++.1++ 922 ................ .............. - 262 lv Vaccinium gaultherioides +11113a..... 584 +a.............. ..+........... 103 244 CC Hieracium alpinum +++++111++.. 832 ................ .............. - 242 CC Festuca supina .++r.1+.++.+ 672 ..........+..... .......+...... 72 242 CC Campanula alpina .r+..111++1+ 752 ................ .............. - 212 Cladonia rangiferina (E0) +1+++..+.+.. 582 +.............+. .............. 72 212 Cv Gentiana punctata .++r.r.1r+.. 582 ................ .............. - 172 Alectoria ochroleuca (E0) .r.r+....+++ 502 ................ .............. - 142 MU Bistorta major r++.1..1..+. 502 ..........+..... .....111...... 133 242 CC Polytrichum alpinum (E0) ...1.+++.+.. 422 .............1.. .............. 33 142 Ligusticum mutellina .....a.++++. 423 ................ .............. - 123 CC Doronicum stiriacum r...ra..+... 332 ................ .............. - 102 CC Agrostis rupestris .....11..++. 333 ................ .............. - 103 Lophozia guttulata (E0) .r+.+....... 252 ................ .............. - 72 CC, cv Pulsatilla scherfelii .....+a.+... 253 ................ .............. - 73 Cephalozia bicuspidata (E0) .r+.+....... 252 ................ .............. - 72 pm, vp Sorbus *glabrata ............ - ...r+.11+++.1.+. .......rr....r 402 292 Cv Calamagrostis villosa ............ - ...a....11+....+ ....+++....+.+ 333 243 Salix alpina ............ - ......++.+...... ...1+1++...... 272 192 Melampyrum sylvaticum ............ - ...1........1.+1 ........+++... 232 172 CK,ES Festuca versicolor ............ - ......+...+..... ...++r+.....+. 232 172 Cetraria islandica (E0) 11a1a.13a311 924 +.++++.+...aa+1. ............1. 373 524 Dicranum scoparium (E0) +....++..... 252 ++1....+1a+.1.+3 ............+. 373 333 Pleurozium schreberi (E0) +...+..+11.. 422 ..1....+11aaa+b3 .............. 334 364 Hylocomium splendens (E0) +++.+...+1.. 502 .......+34+a..1. .............+ 234 313 Huperzia selago +++r+.++.r+. 752 .++.....+.+rr... .............. 202 362 Soldanella carpatica ......+..... 82 +......++++..... .............. 172 142 pm Pinus mugo .......1.... 83 ......+..1....+. .............. 102 103 pe Picea abies ............ - ......++.a....+. .............. 133 103 66 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Relevé number 111 1111111222222222 23333333333444 123456789012 3456789012345678 90123456789012 Other taxa Melampyrum pratense ............ - ....++.+........ ++............ 172 122 NS, Cv Solidago *minuta 11.......... 173 ......++........ .............. 72 103 Hieracium lachenalii ............ - .....+++........ ..........+... 132 102 Swertia *alpestris ............ - ......+.+r...... .............. 102 72 Luzula sylvatica ............ - ......+++....... .............. 102 72 Rubus idaeus ............ - ........+......1 .............r 102 72 CC, cv Avenula versicolor .....++..... 172 ................ .............. - 52 NS Nardus stricta ...........+ 82 ...............1 .............. 33 53 st Sesleria tatrae ............ - ........+.+..... .............. 72 52 MU Acetosa arifolia ............ - ..........+....+ .............. 72 52 Cv Luzula luzuloides ............ - .+.....+........ .............. 72 52 Chamerion angustifolium ............ - ......+..+...... .............. 72 52 Lonicera nigra ............ - ......rr........ .............. 71 51 Bryophytes & Lichens (E0) Polytrichum sp. ............ - ..r11.......1..1 .............. 173 123 Cladonia sp. .....+...+.. 172 ........1....... .............. 33 72 Cladonia coccifera .....+.+.... 172 .............+.. .............. 32 72 Polytrichum commune +........... 82 .......1........ .............+ 73 72 Cladonia digitata ....+....... 82 ..1.....1....... .............. 73 73 Calypogeia neesiana .r..+....... 172 ................ .............. - 52 Dicranum fuscescens ..+.+....... 172 ................ .............. - 52 Omphalina hudsoniana ..+.+....... 172 ................ .............. - 52 Cladonia squamosa .r.....+.... 172 ................ .............. - 52 Cladonia gracilis ..r......+.. 172 ................ .............. - 52 Cetraria cucullata ......+...+. 172 ................ .............. - 52 Dicranum congestum .......+.... 82 ...........a.... .............. 35 54 Taxa occur only in one relevé: E1: Aconitum variegatum + (21), Anemone narcissiflora + (23), Biscutella laevigata r (21), Calluna vulgaris + (8), Carex atrata + (7), Carex firma + (21), Carex *silicicola + (7), Dryopteris dilatata s. l. + (19), Galium anisophyllon + (23), Hieracium sp. + (11) , Leontodon pseudotaraxaci + (7), Leucanthemopsis alpina 1 (7), Oxalis acetosella + (19), Parnassia palustris + (21), Pedicularis verticillata + (7), Poa alpina + (20), Bistorta vivipara + (2), Primula minima + (7), Ranunculus pseudomontanus + (7), Salix kitaibeliana 1 (7), Salix silesiaca + (21), Saxifraga aizoides + (34), Saxifraga moschata + (20) ; E0: Anastrepta orcadensis + (5), Barbilophozia lycopodioides + (6), Cetraria nivalis + (5), Cladonia arbuscula + (8), Cladonia bellidiflora + (8), Cladonia deformis r (5), Cladonia fimbriata + (8), Cladonia furcata + (8), Cladonia *pyxidata + (27), Distichium capillaceum 1 (21), Hypnum bambergeri + (21), Icmadophila ericetorum + (5), Lecidea granulosa + (8), Lepraria incana + (8) , Lophozia sudetica + (10), Mylia taylorii + (35), Pohlia nutans r (3), Polytrichum juniperinum 2a (27), Ptilidium ciliare + (1) , Sphenolobus minutus + (5), Tritomaria quinquedentata + (8) . Cs – Constancy of the subassociation, Ca – Constancy of the association. 67 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Table 3 (Tabela 3): Cetrario islandicae-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae (Hadač et al. 1969) Hadač 1987 C.-V. empetretosum nigri subass. nov. (rels. 1–15); C.-V. typicum subass. nov. (rels. 16–41); typical variant (rels. 16–35); variant with Sesleria albicans (rels. 36–41) Relevé number 111111 11112222222222333333 333344 123456789012345 67890123456789012345 678901 Number of taxa 11111111 1 1211 Cs 3221121121 111 1 1 123232 Cs Ca 251205029066121 (%) 19695486058043891990 942303 (%) (%) Diagnostic taxa of association and class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea LV Vaccinium vitis-idaea cst aab33b+a1++bbba 1005 444543b43a5444445344 334a33 1008 1007 Cetraria islandica (E0) cst 1+3a.b1a4+.1a31 875 ab3bb5a3a3343333b3b3 aaaaaa 1006 956 LV Vaccinium myrtillus cst 1a334ba13113433 1006 a+..33411a.11a31b133 +.+.+. 775 855 Avenella flexuosa cst +aa3a1...1+aa11 804 ......111+.++11+133b ..1333 654 714 lv Festuca supina .....1+....1++. 332 +1+111..a+1.11...... 131..1 583 493 vm Polytrichum strictum (E0) ..1......a1aa34 475 .....+..13..++11b... +..... 353 394 vm Dicranum scoparium (E0) .......+...1.13 274 ...+.......a......1. .+1... 193 223 vm Luzula luzuloides ......+........ 72 ..................r. ..+1a. 153 123 lv Vaccinium gaultherioides ............... - ........+........... ...... 42 22 Differential taxa of the subassociations LV Empetrum nigrum s. l. 45333554a455354 1008 ........1a.......... ..a... 124 447 NS Homogyne alpina .1r1+..+a..1+.. 533 ......a+......++.... .....+ 193 323 pm, vp Sorbus *glabrata .1r.++...r.+rr. 532 .................... ..r.+r 121 272 CC Oreochloa disticha ............... - 1++1.a++a++.1....... ...... 423 273 CC Campanula alpina ............... - 1m+1111a.+1.1....... ...... 423 273 CC Hieracium alpinum +.............. 72 ++r+11.11+..1....... ...... 382 272 CC Juncus trifidus ............... - ..+.aa1ma+......1... ...... 314 204 Soldanella carpatica .......+....... 72 ..+1+............... .a+.+1 273 203 Polytrichum alpinum (E0) ............... - ...aa11a.........1.. ...... 234 154 CC, cv Avenula versicolor ............... - 1++..+++............ ...... 232 152 Differential taxa of the variants cv Calamagrostis villosa +.r.....+...... 202 +............+.++1.. ...... 192 202 Cladonia coccifera (E0) +..........1+.. 202 ..1..1+............. ...... 123 153 Cladonia rangiferina (E0) +.............. 72 ..1.....1...+1....+. ...... 193 153 CC Agrostis rupestris ............... - ......a1.+..+....... ...... 153 103 Cladonia squamosa (E0) ..a............ 75 ......++........b... ...... 123 104 Carex *silicicola Holub ............... - ......1.....+1...... ...... 123 73 Cladonia gracilis (E0) ............... - ..1..1+............. ...... 123 73 CC,cv Pulsatilla scherfelii ............... - ..1.1.......+....... ...... 123 73 Cladonia arbuscula (E0) ............... - ..1.m1.............. ...... 123 73 Cv Gentiana punctata ............... - ..r..r.1............ ...... 122 72 as Sesleria albicans ............... - ...........+........ 1a++1+ 273 173 Ranunculus pseudomontanus ............... - .................... 11r++. 192 122 Bartsia alpina .......+....... 72 .................... +.1+.r 152 122 Anthoxanthum alpinum ............... - .................... a1.aaa 195 125 Thymus pulcherrimus ............... - .................... +++++. 192 122 Pedicularis verticillata ............... - ...+................ 1+..+1 192 122 Cv Campanula serrata ............... - .................... ..++++ 152 102 Achillea *alpestris ............... - .................... a..1++ 153 103 Phyteuma orbiculare ............... - .+.................. .++.+. 152 102 Scabiosa lucida ............... - .................... .++.++ 152 102 Antennaria dioica ............... - .................... .+.1++ 152 102 Leucanthemum margaritae ............... - .................... +..11. 123 73 Dianthus nitidus ............... - .................... .+..++ 122 72 Potentilla aurea ............... - .................... .1.++. 122 72 68 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Relevé number 111111 11112222222222333333 333344 123456789012345 67890123456789012345 678901 Other taxa Huperzia selago .1.+....++.++.+ 472 +++11.+11+.+..+..... +..... 462 462 pm Pinus mugo ....++......... 132 ++......+....r..1... ...11+ 312 242 ES Galium anisophyllon .....+..r...... 132 ++...............+.. +1+.+. 272 222 CK, ES Festuca versicolor ......++....... 132 +m.........+..+..... .....r 192 172 Picea abies .+..+.......... 132 ........+........... ....ar 123 122 NS Nardus stricta ............... - ........+.........1+ ...a.. 153 103 Lotus corniculatus ............... - ++.................. ...+.. 122 72 Bistorta vivipara .......+....... 72 .................... .a...1 84 73 Salix alpina ...+...+....... 132 +................... ...... 42 72 Thymus alpestris ............... - ++.................. .....+ 122 72 Euphrasia salisburgensis ............... - +................... ..+.+. 122 72 Bupleurum ranunculoides ............... - ++.................. ..+... 122 72 Selaginella selaginoides ............... - ++.................. .1.... 122 72 Bryophytes & Lichens (E0) Pleurozium schreberi 31.........a3.a 335 +.r+.+.......+...+1+ a...1. 382 373 Cladonia sp. ..a1..+a++..... 403 .....+...a.......1.. +..... 153 243 Hylocomium splendens +a............. 134 ab.................. .+1... 154 154 Polytrichum sp. ...1.....1.+a.. 273 .................... ...... - 103 Rhytidium rugosum ............... - +m.................. ..+... 123 73 Polytrichum juniperinum ............... - .+1................+ ...... 122 72 Taxa occur only in two relevés: E1: Alchemilla monticola + (39, 40), Biscutella laevigata + (38, 41), Bistorta major 1 (20), r (21), Botrychium lunaria + (16, 17) , Carex *tatrorum + (37, 38), Carex atrata 1 (19), + (20), Cotoneaster integerrimus + (16, 17), Doronicum stiriacum + (18), 1 (20), Dryas octopetala + (37, 38), Hieracium sp. + (6, 41), Chamerion angustifolium + (5, 24), Juniperus sibirica 1 (25), + (29) , Ligusticum mutellina + (22, 28), Luzula alpinopilosa + (19, 21), Luzula sylvatica + (4), r (35), Melampyrum pratense + (12, 13) , Parnassia palustris + (38, 40), Potentilla crantzii + (38, 39), Primula minima 1 (18, 19), Rubus idaeus + (2, 31), Salix silesiaca + (24), 2a (40), Solidago *minuta + (32, 38), Viola biflora + (36, 37) . E0: Alectoria ochroleuca + (21, 26), Cladonia uncialis 1 (18), + (21), Plagiothecium curvifolium 1 (6), + (13), Polytrichum commune + (7), 1 (14), Polytrichum piliferum 1 (1), 2a (18), Ptilidium ciliare 1 (6), 2m (16), Racomitrium canescens + (16, 17), Racomitrium lanuginosum + (21), 1 (27), Rhizocarpon geographicum + (2), 1 (12), Sanionia uncinata 1 (6, 27), Sphagnum capillifolium + (11, 13), Sphenolobus minutus + (13, 15), Tortella tortuosa + (16, 17) . Taxa occur only in one relevé: E1: Agrostis capillaris 1 (39), Allium *montanum + (38), Anemone narcissiflora + (18), Arenaria tenella + (16), Bellidiastrum michelii 1 (37), Calluna vulgaris + (32), Deschampsia caespitosa + (36), Diphasiastrum alpinum + (4), Euphrasia picta + (39) , Festuca picturata + (26), Gentiana asclepiadea + (5), Helianthemum grandiflorum + (38), Hieracium fritzei F. W. Schultz 1 (26) , Hieracium lachenalii + (31), Hypericum maculatum + (39), Leucanthemopsis alpina + (18), Luzula sudetica + (16), Lycopodium clavatum + (6), Phleum hirsutum + (39), Pilosella officinarum r (29), Poa alpina + (38), Primula elatior + (37), Rhodax alpestris + (16), Salix caprea + (24), Salix kitaibeliana 2m (19), Saxifraga paniculata + (38), Senecio *carniolicus 1 (18), Silene acaulis 2m (19), Trientalis europaea + (2), Trifolium pratense + (40), Vicia cracca + (40). E0: Barbilophozia barbata 1 (7), Barbilophozia lycopodioides + (16), Bazzania tricrenata + (13), Bryum capillare 1 (6), Cephalozia bicuspidata + (14), Cladonia cenotea + (17), Cladonia deformis + (23), Cladonia digitata 1 (24), Cladonia furcata + (14), Cladonia *chlorophaea + (17), Cladonia macroceras + (22), Cladonia stellaris 1 (21), Dicranum fuscescens 1 (35), Dicranum polysetum 1(13), Encalypta sp. r (17), Lecidoma demissum + (19), Lophozia ventricosa + (21), Mylia taylorii + (13), Paraleucobryum enerve + (19), Plagiothecium denticulatum + (17), Pogonatum aloides + (2), Polytrichum formosum + (35), Porella platyphylla r (17), Pseudevernia furfuracea + (13), Sphagnum rubellum + (15), Thamnolia vermicularis r (18). Cs – Constancy of the subassociation, Ca – Constancy of the association. 69 Hacquetia 5/1 • 2006, 37–71 Table 4 (Tabela 4): Hylocomio splendentis-Vaccinietum vitis-idaeae (Hadač et al. 1969) nom. nov. H.-V. vaccinietosum gaultherioidis subass. nov. (rels. 1–12); H.-V. dianthetosum nitidi subass. nov. (rels. 13–25) Relevé number 111 1111111222222 123456789012 3456789012345 Number of taxa 423313245331 Cs 2233332212121 Cs Ca 765052542559 (%) 7519758793678 (%) (%) Diagnostic taxa of the association LV Vaccinium vitis-idaea cst bbaaama1..1+ 834 aaaaa1133a333 1005 925 LV Empetrum nigrum s. l. cst b.1a1+a+a... 674 3453343.+1111 926 805 vm Hylocomium splendens (E0) cst 4m533453aa1+ 1006 1334a331+.... 695 846 Cetraria islandica (E0) cst +m++1..+..+. 582 11111111.1aa1 923 763 vm Dicranum scoparium (E0) cst ..+.++.+.+.+ 502 a1a1+11+++.11 923 723 Cv, vm Luzula luzuloides cst ++++++1a+11. 923 +.1+.+.1.+... 462 682 CC, lv Festuca supina cst +1++++1+..++ 832 aa.baa1....+. 544 683 Pleurozium schreberi (E0) cst .+++..+.1111 673 3a1a11..+...+ 624 643 CK, cf Bistorta vivipara D +++..++1++1+ 832 ..++++r+...++ 622 722 CK, ES Festuca versicolor D ..++.+++11+1 752 ..1..a.1+1++a 623 683 cf, fv Bartsia alpina D +.+....+++.. 422 .+a1+++a.++1+ 853 643 CK, cf Dryas octopetala D +.+.....1+.. 332 +1r+++.1..++ + 772 562 MU Bistorta major D .+.....++++1 502 a..b1ba....1+ 544 523 Phyteuma orbiculare D +....++1.11. 503 .+.+++....+.. 382 442 Ranunculus breyninus D +.....++...r 332 ..+.+........ 152 242 Hedysarum hedysaroides D +.+..+.+.... 332 +1........... 153 242 Salix reticulata D +.+.....1... 252 ..1a.....+... 233 243 Differential taxa of the subassociations lv Vaccinium gaultherioides b33b33443333 1007 ............. - 487 Cladonia rangiferina (E0) mm1m+..++++. 753 +............ 82 403 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (E0) am+m+a+4...1 754 ......1...... 83 404 Anemone narcissiflora +.+..++a+++. 672 ...1......... 83 362 CC Oreochloa disticha +.++.1..+1.. 502 ............. - 242 CC Hieracium alpinum 1mm1++...... 503 ............. - 243 oe Androsace chamaejasme +.+..+++.+.. 502 ............. - 242 Rhytidium rugosum (E0) aa.m1.+..... 424 ...........+. 82 244 Campanula tatrae .++..+++.... 422 ............. - 202 Cladonia arbuscula (E0) m1+m1....... 423 ............. - 203 cf, pc Crepis jacquinii +.......++++ 422 ............. - 202 Pedicularis verticillata ...+..+.+r.. 332 ............. - 162 Helianthemum grandiflorum +......++.+. 332 ............. - 162 Linum extraaxillare +......1+.+. 332 ............. - 162 Pedicularis oederi +....+.1.... 252 ............. - 122 Trommsdorfia uniflora +......+..+. 252 ............. - 122 CC Campanula alpina ...+....1+.. 252 ............. - 122 Allium *montanum .+.......r+. 252 ............. - 122 Thamnolia vermicularis (E0) +..+....+... 252 ............. - 122 Potentilla aurea .++.......+. 252 ............. - 122 Juncus trifidus ...+.....a1. 253 ............. - 123 CK, cf Silene acaulis .....+.1.+.. 252 ............. - 122 Polytrichum piliferum (E0) ++.........+ 252 ............. - 122 Cetraria nivalis (E0) +m......1... 253 ............. - 123 LV Vaccinium myrtillus ....a..+...1 253 aa3bbab+43aa+ 1005 645 Salix alpina ..m+........ 173 aabbbbb1+111a 1005 604 vm Polytrichum strictum (E0) ........1.11 253 4.a3434.++aaa 856 565 Soldanella carpatica ..+..+..+... 252 .1aa1111++.+. 773 523 Huperzia selago .....+..+... 172 .rr+1++.++..+ 692 442 NS Homogyne alpina ........++++ 332 ..b1+1.+11.+. 623 483 ES Dianthus nitidus ............ - ..++++.+++.+. 622 322 cf Saxifraga aizoides ............ - +..+++1....+. 462 242 Polytrichum commune (E0) ............ - .......aaaaa3 465 245 Sphagnum capillifolium (E0) ............ - ...+ba.1.1... 384 204 70 J. ŠiBík, J. kliMent, i. JaRolíMek, z. DúBRavcová, R. BěloHlávková, l. Paclová: syntaxonoMy anD noMenclatuRe of tHe alPine HeatHs … Relevé number 111 1111111222222 123456789012 3456789012345 pc Saxifraga paniculata ............ - ++1....1.+... 382 202 cf Ranunculus alpestris ............ - .++++........ 312 162 Sphagnum russowii (E0) ............ - ........1..1+ 233 123 Sphagnum magellanicum (E0) ............ - .........1.11 233 123 Other taxa Anthoxanthum alpinum ++....+1.... 332 ...++..+++++. 542 442 Avenella flexuosa +1...+...... 252 ++a+.a1....+. 543 403 vp Picea abies r.+r....r... 331 ....r+b...... 233 282 pm Sorbus *glabrata .....r..+... 172 1.1r1.+...... 382 282 st Sesleria tatrae .......+.... 82 +1a++........ 383 243 ES Carex *tatrorum .......+++.. 252 ...++......+. 232 242 Biscutella laevigata .....+..++.. 252 ...+++....... 232 242 Parnassia palustris +......+rr.. 332 .....+..+.... 152 242 ES Galium anisophyllon ........+++. 252 ....+.....+.. 152 202 Poa alpina .....++.+r.. 332 .......+..... 82 202 NS, Cv Solidago *minuta .1......1..+ 253 .....+....+.. 152 202 Cv Calamagrostis villosa +++......... 252 .....a....+.. 154 203 cf, pc Carex firma ........++.. 172 ...++.+...... 232 202 as Sesleria albicans +....+...... 172 .......+.+... 152 162 tf Rhodiola rosea ......+..+.. 172 ..+....+..... 152 162 Scabiosa lucida +......++... 252 .....+....... 82 162 pm Pinus mugo .....+..r... 172 +...r........ 152 162 Viola biflora .......+.r.. 172 ...r......... 81 121 Saxifraga moschata ........+... 82 ......1+..... 153 122 Swertia *alpestris ......+..... 82 .r...+....... 152 122 Bryophytes and Lichens (E0) Cladonia furcata .1++..+..... 332 ...+..1...... 153 242 Polytrichum juniperinum .+++.+...... 332 ...+......... 82 202 Ptilidium ciliare +..+.....+.. 252 ...+.1....... 153 202 Polytrichum alpinum ..........1. 83 +a.....+..... 233 163 Cladonia coccifera ...+........ 82 1.1.1........ 233 163 Taxa occur only in two relevés: E1: Aconitum firmum + (15, 20), Achillea *alpestris + (8, 9), Anthyllis *alpestris r (9), + (11), Carex atrata + (9), 1 (10), Clematis alpina + (7, 8), Hieracium bifidum + (8, 14), Hieracium stygium 1 (15), r (17), Ligusticum mutellina + (12, 15), Luzula sylvatica + (21, 24), Melampyrum pratense + (21), 1 (24), Pinguicula alpina + (9), r (19), Pyrola rotundifolia + (8), 1 (20), Salix silesiaca + (18), 1 (19), Tephroseris capitata + (1, 8), Tofieldia calyculata + (16, 17), Traunsteinera globosa + (1, 8) . E0: Cetraria cucullata + (2, 5), Cladonia bacillaris + (9, 12), Cladonia sp. + (13, 23), Cladonia uncialis + (4, 9), Dicranum congestum + (11), 1 (17), Distichium capillaceum + (1, 7), Icmadophila ericetorum + (4, 9), Plagiochila asplenioides + (3, 4) , Polytrichum sp. 1 (15), + (16), Ptilium crista-castrensis + (3, 8), Sanionia uncinata + (11), 1 (19) . Taxa occur only in one relevé: E1: Aster alpinus + (1), Astragalus australis + (1), Astrantia major + (8), Bellidiastrum michelii + (8), Calamagrostis arundinacea 3 (8), Campanula cochlearifolia r (14), C. serrata + (22), Cardaminopsis arenosa agg. r (19), Cerastium *glandulosum + (6) , Cerastium eriophorum + (10), Coeloglossum viride + (8), Cortusa matthioli + (7), Cynosurus cristatus + (11), Delphinium oxysepalum + (24), Dianthus *praecox + (11), Gymnadenia conopsea + (9), Hieracium lachenalii + (20), Chamorchis alpina + (1), Larix decidua r (9), Lilium martagon + (11), Melampyrum sylvaticum + (14), Myosotis alpestris + (10), Orthilia secunda + (9), Phleum hirsutum + (8), Phleum rhaeticum + (11), Poa chaixii + (18), Primula halleri + (10), Pyrola carpatica + (25) , Ranunculus pseudomontanus + (18), Salix retusa 2a (22), Saxifraga wahlenbergii 1 (19), Selaginella selaginoides + (6), Thesium alpinum + (9), Thymus pulcherrimus + (11) . E0: Alectoria ochroleuca + (9), Apometzgeria pubescens + (3), Barbilophozia lycopodioides + (3), Bryum capillare + (4), Cladonia fimbriata + (11), Cladonia gracilis + (11), Cladonia *chlorophaea + (9), Cladonia squamosa + (11), Cladonia stellaris + (1) , Dicranella sp. 1 (16), Dicranum fuscescens 2m (4), Ditrichum flexicaule 1 (14), Frullania tamarisci + (3), Hypogymnia physodes r (1), Lophozia collaris + (20), Lophozia sudetica 2a (17), Lophozia ventricosa r (6), Marsupella funckii 2a (13), Peltigera sp. + (13), Plagiothecium curvifolium + (13), Pseudevernia furfuracea + (9), Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus r (1), Sphagnum rubellum 4 (19), Sphenolobus minutus + (9), Tortella tortuosa r (6) . Cs – Constancy of subassociation, Ca – Constancy of association 71