UDK 811.161.1367.622.12(091) Anna flumema (Ana Litvina | Anna Litvina) HanuoHanbHbra uccnegoBarenbcKHH yHHBepcHTeT «Bbicmaa fflKona ^K0H0MHKH» annalivina@gmail.com 0edop YcnencKuu (Fjodor Uspenski | Fyodor Uspensky) HHCTHTyT cnaBaHoBegeHHa PAH; HanuoHanbHbra uccnegoBarenbcKHH yHHBepcHTeT «Bbicmaa fflKona ^K0H0MHKH» fjodor.uspenskij@gmail.com PyCCKAfl XPHCTHAHCKA3 flBYHMEHHOCTb B ®HHO.nOrHqECKOH nEPCnEKTHBE - H3 OHOMACTHHECKOrO KOMMEHTAPHtf K «BPEMEHHHKy» HBAHA THMOOEEBA1 B pa6oTe o6cyxgaroTca ocHOBHtie napaMeTpbi cy^ecTBOBaHHa Tpaguuuu cbctckoh xpHCTHaHCKOH gByuMeHHocTH b cpegHeBeKoBoft Pycu. OnpegenaroTCfl npnHunnbi nog6opa gByx hmch, geMoHcTpnpyeTca reHeTHHecKaa cB«3b xpncTnaHcKon gByuMeHHocTH c gBy-HMeHHocTtro KnaccnnecKoro Tuna, Korga y nenoBeKa xpucTuaHcKoe hm« H3 uepKoBHoro KaneHgapa coneTaeTca c hmchcm A3biHecKHM, npegcTaBneHbi o6^ue KoHTypbi chctcmui MHorouMeHHocTu Ha Pycu. KaroneBMe caoBa: CpegHeBeKoBaa Pycb, HcTopMHecKaa 0H0MacTHKa, cBeTcKaa xpucTH-aHcKaa gByuMeHHocTb, KynbT cbatlix, «Bpcmchhhk» HBaHa TuMo^eeBa This article discusses the basic model of the dual naming system among lay Christians in medieval Rus, identifying the rules and ideas behind the choice of names and demonstrating a genetic continuity between the Christian dual naming and the more traditional type of dual naming in which the same person had one name from the Christian calendar of saints and another name of pagan origin. A general overview of the medieval Russian system of multiple names is given. Keywords: medieval Rus, historical onomastics, dual naming of lay Christians, cult of the saints, the Vremennik by Ivan Timofeev PyccKoe CpegHeBeKoBbe (npu nro6oft, cKonb yrogHo mup0K0H, TpaKToBKe ^T0^0 noHHTHfl) nenuKoM u nonHocTbM oKpameHo MHorouMeHHocrbro, cBoeo6pa3Hoft no-nu^oHueH HMeH co6cTBeHHbix - bo bcskom cnynae, TaK o6craano geno co BpeMeH Kpe^eHua crpaHbi BnnoTb go Havana XVIII cToneTua. KaK ^T0 hh napagoKcanbHo, 1 ny6nuKa^a nogroToBneHa b xoge npoBegeHua uccnegoBaHua (N° 18-01-0040: «®chomch cbctckoh xpucTHaHcKon gByHMCHHocTH b goncTpoBcKoH Pycu») b paMKax nporpaMMbi «HaynHbiM $0Hg Ha^H0HanbH0^0 HccncgoBaTcnbcKoro yHHBcpcuTCTa «Bbicmaa mKona 3kohomhkh» (HHy Bffl3)» b 2108-2019 rr. u b paMKax rocygapcTBCHHoft noggep^KH Begy^ux yHHBepcuTeToB Pocchhckoh ®egepa^u 5-100. 334 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september 6oibme Bcero mm 3HaeM, no^aiyñ, o caMOM paHHeM Tune MHoroHMeHHoeTH, c$op-MupoBaBmeMca b nepBbie ®e gecaTuieTua xpucTuaHroaquu Pycu. ^pKoBb npuxoguT croga c roTOBbiM Ha6opoM nogo6aromux xpucruaHuHy uMeH, 3aHeceHHbix b MecanecioB, u npu KpemeHuu Ka^gbiñ goi^eH 6bii noiynuTb uMa Toro uiu uHoro cBaToro. Hhmmu cioBaMu, c caMoro Hanaia Ha Pycu aKT KpemeHua Hepa3pHBHü cBa3aH c aKToM uMaHapeneHua, ugeT jiu penb o MiageHne uiu o B3pocioM Heo^nre. Oco6eHHo oTHerauBo TaKoe noio^eHue gei npocie^HBaeTca b npaBamen guHacTHH PropnKoBHHen, rge cBegeHua o6 HMeHoBaHuax pa3iHHHbix htohob pogoB no noHaTHbiM npunuHaM oKa3aiucb Hau6oiee coxpaHHbiMu. npu BceM tom, gia KHa3en, 3Haru, a, no-BuguMoMy, u gia Bcex ux noggaHHbix, HHHyTb He MeHee Ba^HbiMu ocTa-Baiucb TpagunuoHHbie uMeHa, He uMero^ue c xpucTuaHcKuM aHTponoHuMuKoHoM Hunero o6mero - uMeHHo TaKue aHTponoHuMbi geMoHcrpupoBaiu ux npeeMcTBeHHocTb no oTHomeHuro k npegKaM, a b onpegeieHHoM cMbicie u npaBo Ha pogoBoe Haciegue, b neM 6m oho hu 3aKiMHaiocb. 06a cTpeMieHua - cooTBeTcTBoBaTb Tpe6oBaHnaM ^pkbu u ocTaBaTbca b paMKax pogoBon uiu guHacruHecKoñ ®h3hu - 6miu HacToibKo cuibHbi, hto ecTecTBeHHbiM oTBeTOM Ha hux craia gByuMeHHocTb, KoTopyro mm 6m oxapaKTepu3oBaiu 3gecb KaK gByuMeHHocTb KiaccunecKoro Tuna: coneTaHue xpucTuaHcKoro uMeHu c TpagunuoHHbiM, HeKaieHgapHHM. KHa3b BiagnMnp, KpecTHTeib Pycu, npu o6pameHHH noiynaeT uMa Bacunuü, oguH u3 ero cbrnoBeñ, ^pociaB, cTaHoBuTca ^eop^ueM, a ero BHyKH HocaT uMeHa Hsxcme u ffMumpuü, Cenmocnae u HuKonaü, Bceeonod u Andpeü, nocagHuK OcTpoMup, 3aKa3nuK 3HaMeHuToro EBaHreiua, 6mi, KaK u3BecTHo, eme u Mocu^om. CymecTBeHHo nognepKHyTb, hto c caMoro Hanaia nogo6Haa cucTeMa gByuMeHHocTu nogpa3yMeBaia onpegeieHHoe (JiyHKnuoHaibHoe pacnpegeieHue Me^gy uMeromuMuca y ogHoro u Toro ®e juna uMeHaMu, KoTopoe Heu36e®Ho Biuaio Ha ux oTpa^eHue b nucbMeHHbix ucTonHuKax. B jeTonucu ^pociaB / Teoprun BiaguMupoBun Heu3MeHHo npegcTaBai KaK HpocMae, Torga KaK b nponoBegn MHTponoiHTa HiapnoHa noaBiaica ucKiroHuTeibHo nog uMeHeM ^eop^uü. 0co6eHHHM nogapKoM gia ncciegoBareia oKa3biBaeTca naMaTHHK, rge gBa HMeHH KHa3a cocegcTByroT 6ok o 6ok, ho npuMepbi TaKoro poga BecbMa pegKH. ^TO 3aMeTHo oTiunaeT paHHroro pyccKyro gByuMeHHocTb npaBuTeien ot oHoMacrunecKon crnyanuu, cKa^eM, BToporo EoirapcKoro napcTBa, rge gBa uMeHu rocygapa - KaieHgapHoe u HeKaieHgapHoe - to u geio ynoTpe6iaroTca BMecre, HenocpegcTBeHHo ciegya ogHo 3a gpyruM (Mladjov 2015). B goMoHroibcKon Pycu, oco6eHHo b XI - Han. XII b., xpucTuaHcKne uMeHa PropuKoBuneñ Boo6me ropa3go pe^e ^urypupyroT b TeKcTax, He^eiu ux pogoBMe, guHacTHnecKne uMeHa. npu ^TOM HuKaKon TanHbi uMa KHa3a, noiyneHHoe npu KpemeHuu, gia coBpeMeHHuKoB He cocTaBiaio - BecbMa Tpagunu-oHHon npaKTuKon, b HacraocTu, cTaHoBuTca crponreibcTBo xpaMoB, nocBameHHbix cBaTMM noKpoBuTeiaM KHa3en, ux He6ecHbiM Te3KaM no xpucTuaHcKuM uMeHaM, uiu 3aKa3 narpoHaibHbix u3o6pa®eHuñ, He roBopa y^e o croib 3puMbix BoniomeHnax oëgop ycnehckhh: pycckaa xphcthahckaa gbyhmehhoctt b (^hjojjoraheckoh nepcnekthbe 335 KpecTUjbHoro uMeHu, KaK cooTBeTCTByromee uMeHOBaHue ropoga, ocHOBaHHoro npaBUTejeM (cp., HanpuMep, Wpbee). ®yH^uoHajbHaa MHorouMeHHOCTb jrogen y^e b ^Ty ^^oxy He ucneproiBajacb napoH 'KpecTUjbHoe umh + pogoBoe (HeKajeHgapHoe) umh'. y KHa3a, HanpuMep, Morjio 6biTb gBa pogoBbix, HexpucTuaECKux uMeHu - ogHO, nog KOTopbiM oh npaBUj, yHacjegoBaHHoe U3 poga o^a, u gpyroe, npumegmee U3 poga MaTepu, KOTopoe Ha poguHe Morjo npaKTUHecKu He ucn0jb30BaTbca. TaK, McTucjaB I ®egop BejuKUH, cuh BjaguMupa M0H0Maxa, kha^ut Ha Pycu KaK Mcmucnae, a b 3anagHoeBponencKux u CKaHguHaBCKux hctohhhkhx ^urypupyeT KaK (X)apanbd, aBjaacb, TaKUM 06pa30M, Te3KOH CBoero gega no MaTepu, aHrauncKoro Kopoja Xapajbga rogBUHCOHa. OguH U3 CMHOBeH ^pocjaBa Mygporo noKa3aH b carax nog uMeHeM Xomrnu - flro6onbiT-HO, HTO b gaHHOM cjynae c^epbi ^yH^uoHupoBaHua uMeH OKa3ajucb CTOJb CTporo pa3ipaHHHeHbi, hto c0BpeMeHH0My uccjegoBaTejM He TaK-TO npocTO npou3BecTu npo^gypy OTO^gecTBjeHua u ycTaHOBUTb, kto uMeHHO U3 u3BecTHbix no pyccKUM ucTOHHHKaM -RpocjaBUHen cKpbiBajca 3a ^TUM uMeHOBaHueM (BepoaTHee Bcero, ^T0 6bij KHa3b BceBOJog I AHgpen). HexpucTuaHCKaa MHorouMeHHOCTb Moraa npucyTCTBOBaTb u Ha co6cTBeHHO pyccKOH noHBe, HanpuMep, Korga nejOBeK uMeHOBajca KaK pogoBbiM UMeHeM, TaK u TeM, HTO Korga-To 6bijo npugaHO eMy b KanecTBe geTCKoro anoTponeunecKoro uMe-HOBaHua u 3aKpenujocb 3a hum Ha bcm ®u3Hb, KaK ^T0 npou3omjo, n0-BuguM0My, b cjynae c HOBropogcKUM 6oapuHOM, KOTopbiH 6bij u Hecdoü, u HesnanoM (runnuyc 2005: 430-34).2 C gpyroH CTopoHbi, b ^Ty ®e ^^oxy Ha npoTa^eHuu ®h3hu ogHoro u Toro ®e nejOBeKa, noMUMO uMeHu KpecTUjbHoro, Mor noaBUTbca u eme oguH xpucTuaHCKHH aHTponoHUM - um« MOHamecKoe, npuneM nepBoe U3 ^Tux UMeH OTHMgb He ucne3ajo 6eccjegHO npu nocrpu^eHHu. nogoÔHaa npaKTUKa HaKonjeHua xpHCTHaECKHx UMeH, b nacTHOCTu, Moraa npuBoguTb k TOMy, hto nocje CMepru nejOBeKa noMUHaju KaK nog uHOHecKHM UMeHeM, TaK u nog TeM, hto oh nojynuj b KpemeHuu. B goMOHroflbCKOH Pycu bc« 3Ta MHoroo6pa3Haa cucTeMa HMeHOBaHun 6bija BecbMa guHaMHHHOH. OHa cymecTBOBaja, nognuHaacb HeKOTopbiM o6muM npaBu-jaM u MHO^ecTBy nacTHbix TeHgeH^uH, U3 KOTopux nogaBjaromee 60jbmuHCTB0 ocTaBajocb HenucaHbiMu u jumb HeMHorue uMeju CTaTyc a6cojMTHoro 3aKOHa. XpucTuaHCKue uMeHa co BpeMeHeM npoHUKaju b o6uxog Bce mupe, ogHaKO ucTopua pyccKon cpegHeBeKOBOK aHTponoHUMUKH eh b KoeH Mepe He CBoguTca k BbiTecHeHuro umh UMeH HeKajeHgapHHx. B caMOM geje, ecju b npaBameM goMe PropuKOBunen k XIII CTOjeTUM Bce 6ojbme KHa3en o6xoguTca 6e3 TaKux Tpa^u^uoHHHx UMeH, KaK 2 Cp. npuMepbi HeKajeHgapHOH gByuMCEHOcTH U3 6ojee no3gHeH anoxu, b Kynneñ 1544I45 r. : (nocjyx) «HcTOMa ®ojigbiôa HBaHOB cue» (KucTepeB, TuMomuHa 1998: 126, N° 56); b npaBOH rpaMOTe cyga rpuropua BacHjbeBHHa rOgyHOBa 1589 r. : (KHa^ecKHH HaMecTHHK u npuKa3HHK) «CMupHOH CjaBHOH» (KucTepeB, TuMomuHa 1998: 457, 458-59, 460-61, 463-64, . 244); b nopyHHOH no MOHacTbipcKOM cgyre 1613 r.: «...ga a3b BTopoH npo3Bume Xojonb CeMeHOBb chei» (Aktu ropugunecKHe 1838: 309, . 297). 336 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september HponojK uju Bceeojod, a k koh^ XV b. ohu npaKTHnecKH nojHocTbro yxogaT u3 npaKTuKH guHacTunecKoro uMaHapeneHua3, to y 6ju®anmero 0Kpy®eHua pyccKHx npaBuxejen, He roBopa y®e o npocxojroguHax, HeKajeHgapHbie uMeHa go^HBaroT no KpaHHeH Mepe go neTpoBCKoro BpeMeHu. B KanecTBe xapaKxepHoro Ka3yca 3gecb mo®ho BcnoMHuTb, HanpuMep, ^upo^a u Kapaean öemeü Ojadbumix, K0T0pbie nog ^TUMU uMeHaMu ^urypupyroT KaK CBugeTeju b rpaM0Te XVI b., uju gonb KHa3a MujocjaBCKoro no uMeHu ToMuia4. C gpyron cxopoHbi, aHxponoHuMunecKun yKjag KHa3en, a BnocjegcxBuu u pyccKux ^peñ, 0THK>gb He CBoguTca k ucn0jb30BaHuro jumb ogHoro xpucTuaHCKoro uMeHu, nojyHeHHoro npu Kpe^eHuu. ^0B0JbH0 paH0 pagoM c gByuMeHHocxbro KjaccunecKoro xuna Bbipacxaex gpyroe aBjeHue, He MeHee uHxepecHoe caM0 no ce6e, Koxopoe mo®ho ycj0BH0 0xapaKTepu30BaTb KaK CBeTCKyro xpucTuaHCKyro gByuMeHHocTb. npupoga ^T0^0 aBjeHua TecHo CBa3aHa c ^B0flro^ueñ 0TH0meHua k ^pK0BH0My KajeHgapro b npaKxuKe uMaHapeneHua, ga u bo BceM n0BcegHeBH0M o6uxoge b ^jom. B nepBbie cxojexua xpncxnaHCXBa Ha Pycu geHb noaBjeHua pe6eHKa Ha CBex He urpaj, no Bcen BuguMocxu, onpegejaro^en poju gja Bbiôopa KpecxujbHoro uMeHu - cyga no gaHHbiM, oxHoca^HMca k npaBa^en guHacxuu PropuKoBunen, pemaro^uM $aKxopoM 3gecb noHanajy Morao 6biTb uMa KpecTHoro, ^uxue u uK0H0rpa$ua naxpoHajbHoro CBaToro u gpyrue o6cToaTejbCTBa nogo6Horo poga. 3aTeM xpucTuaHCKue uMeHa no-X0MK0B HanuHarox B0cnpou3Boguxb uMeH0BaHua ux coôcxBeHHbix Kpe^eHbix npegK0B, xo ecxb ycxaHaBjuBaexca xaKon ®e nopagoK npeeMCXBeHHocxu, Koxopbin uckohu 6hj npucym HacjegoBaHuro pogoBbix HexpucTuaHCKux uMeH. y®e Ha py6e®e XI-XII bb. BHyKy BceBojoga I AHgpea Morjio 6biTb goCTar0HH0 uMeHu Andpeu, a npaBHyKy ^pocjaBa I reoprua - ^eop^uü. Hhhmu cjoBaMu, b guHacTuu u b 3HaxHbix pogax g0B0jbH0 paH0 CKjagbiBaeTca Kpyr xpucTuaHCKux uMeH, xapaKTepHbix gja gaHHon ceMbu, K0T0pbie nopon Morju gaBaxbca geTaM B0Bce 6e3 opuem^uu Ha to, KaK gHu ux noaBjeHua Ha CBeT coot-HocaTca c gHaMu naMaTu cooTBeTCTByro^ero CBaToro. Ecju ®e TaKaa opueffxanua npucyTCTB0Baja, to 0Ha npoaBjajacb b BecbMa B0jbH0n u npu6ju3uTejbHon $opMe. nonpocTy roBopa, gja Kpe^eHua KHa^una uju KHa^Hbi, cra^eM, bo uMa ®egopa TupoHa uju Mapuu MargajuHbi, BnojHe npueMjeMHM cnnrajocb, hto6h oh uju 0Ha pogujucb b guana30He gByx-Tpex Hegejb go uju nocje gHa n0MuH0BeHua Te-30uMeHuTHx CBaTbix. nocTeneHHo, ogHaKo, rogoBon guKj MecagecjoBa Bce rnyôxe npoHuKaj b noBcegHeB-Hocxb. Bo BHuMaHue, b KanecxBe xohku oxcnexa, co BpeMeHeM HanuHarox npuHuMaxbca He T0jbK0 6ojbmue npa3gHuKu - Ka^gbin geHb Bce TecHee CBa3HBaeTca c uMeHaMu Tex CBaTbix, K0T0pbie Ha Hero BbmagaroT no CBa^aM. nocTeneHHo egBa ju He BcaKoe 3 nogpo6Hee o npo^cce xpHCTHaHCKHX uMeH b guHacTuu PropuKoBuqen cm.: .HuTBuHa, YcneHCKun 2006: 111-14. 4 ffluponanmux cneKTp HexpucTuaHCKux uMeH, ynoTpe6uTejtHbix b XVI-XVII bb., mo^ho HanTu, HanpuMep, b KjaccunecKux cjoBapax H. M. TynuKoBa (1903) u C. E. BecejoBCKoro (1974). oëgop ycnehckhh: pycckaa xphcthahckaa gbyhmehhoctt b (^hjojjoraheckoh nepcnekthbe 337 co6brrue, 6ygb to 3aKjagKa ^pkbu, Hanajo BoeHHoro npegnpuarua, no»ap, npu6brrue 3HaHuTejbHoro ju^ uju npupogHoe aBjeHue, $uKcupyK>Tca u 3aKpenjaK>Tca b naMaru c noMO^bM ^Tux uMeH. HMeHa u gara ^opMupyror CBoeo6pa3HbiH cumbo junecKun pag, uHorga ycjOBHHH u Hpe3BbranH0 pa3Mbrrbra, a uHorga - BnojHe onpegejeHHbin u HBHbiH. Thk, KHa3b, KpemeHbin bo uMa CB. reoprua, uMeHHO k naMaTu 3Toro CBaToro npuyponuBaeT Hanajo CBoen BoeHHon ^KC^egu^uu, a PropuK I Bacujun PocrucjaBun CTpeMuTca BepHyTb ce6e KueB Ha naMaTb Bacujua KecapuncKoro, KOTopHH 6hj ero naTpoHOM no KpecrujbHOMy uMeHu (HuTBuHa, ycneHCKun 2015). Oco6eHH0 Bbipa»eHHyK> $opMy 3tot BecbMa xapaKrepHbin gja Bcero CpegHeBeKOBba b nejOM cuMB0ju3M npuHuMaeT Ha Pycu b tom, hto KacaeTca juhhmx uMeHOBaHun. B caMOM geje, y nejOBeKa ecTb B03M0»H0CTb crarb Te3Kon CBaToro Toro gKa, Korga oh noaBujca Ha CBeT, 3aneHaraeB TeM chmhm cbom roTOBHOCTb cjegoBarb Bo»beMy npoMHCjy, nocKOJbKy gaTa po»geHua He M0»eT 6biTb 3agaHa jirogbMu, ho u36upaeTca CBHme. OgHaKO TaKon cnoco6 Bbi6opa uMeHu HenocpegcTBeHHO no gare po»geHua BxoguT b u3BecTHoe npoTuBopenue c y»e ycroaBmenca nparcruKOH gaBaTb xpucruaH-CKue uMeHa b cooTBeTCTBuu c pogoBon Tpagunuen u ceMenHbiMu npegnoHTeHuaMu. mto gejarb, ecju pogureju xoTeju 6h Ha3Barb CHHa MuxaunoM b necTb gega uju AHdpeeM b necTb gBOMpogHoro npagega, b npuHnune npurogHbiM gja hux 6hjo u uMa Bacumû, nocKOJbKy thk 3Baju Koro-To u3 6ju»anmux CBoncTBeHHuKOB, a Ha CBeT HacjegHuK noaBujca Ha naMaTb cb. Ejea3apa uju MyneHuKa EBnja? 3aMenaTejbHHM 06pa30M, eguH0o6pa3Horo pemeHua ^Ta, Ka3ajocb 6h, BecbMa pacnpocTpaHeHHaa u MaccoBaa gujeMMa, He uMeja. ^pKOBb KaK uHCTmynua, b cy^HOCTu, He BbigBuraja 3gecb CK0jbK0-Hu6ygb onpegejeHHbix u 0gH03HaHHbix Tpe-6oBaHun5 - pe6eHKa mo»ko 6hjo, BonpeKu ceMenHon Tpagu^uu, Hapenb ExeasapoM, a mo»ho 6hjo b KajeHgapHHx OKpecTHOCTax gHa ero po»geHua noucKarb ogHO u3 npegnoHTuTejbHHx uMeH u Ha3Barb ero, CKa»eM, b necTb ÀHgpea CTparujara, naMaTb KOToporo OTMenajacb BOceMHagnarb gHen cnycTa nocje noaBjeHua pe6eHKa Ha CBeT. HaKOHen, mo»ko 6hjo nonru no nyTu KOMnpoMucca, nogpa3yMeBaromero He otkh3, ho cyMMupoBaHue u HaKonjeHue, u HagejuTb MjageH^ cpa3y gByMa He6ecHHMu no-KpoBuTejaMu, HH3BHB ero ExeasapoM, b necTb Toro CBaToro, npa3gH0BaHue KOTopoMy BHnagaeT tohho Ha geHb ero po»geHua, u AHdpeeM, b necTb ÀHgpea Crparujara, KOTopHH BecbMa npu6ju3uTejbH0 nogxoguT eMy no KajeHgapro. HMeHHO ^T0T nocjegHun nyTb Bej k ^opMupoBaHuro thkoh 6oraron u pa3H00-6pa3H0H Tpagu^uu, KaK CBeTCKaa (uju MupcKaa) xpucTuaHCKaa gByuMeHHOCTb. ^T0H Tpagunuu cy»geH0 6hjo npocymecTBOBarb no KpanHen Mepe c KOHna XIII b. BnjOTb go XIX CTOjeTua, a b HeKOTopbix conuajbHO-KyjbrypHbix rpynnax OHa cnopagunecKu Ha6jrogaeTca u b Hamu gHu. 3a BpeMa CBoero 6biT0BaHua OHa o6pacTaeT MH0»ecTB0M conyTCTByro^ux aBjeHun u caMOCToaTejbHbix KyjbrypHHx npaKTuK. MaKcuMajbHHH ee pac^eT npuxoguTca, no»ajyn, Ha ^^oxy no3gHero pyccKoro CpegHeBeKOBba 5 Cy^ecTByeT pag KaHOHunecKux npegnucaHun OTKOcuTejiHO Toro, Korga H0B0p0»geHH0My Hagje»uT nojiynuTb xpucTuaHCKoe uMa, ho u ohu BecbMa BapuaTuBHH u HecTporu. Mto »e KacaeTca Toro, KaK BH6upaTb 3tu uMeHa, to 3gecb KaKaa 6h to hu 6hjo pe^JJaMeHTa^ua OTcyTCTByeT. 338 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september (XV-XVII BB.), Korga OHa CTaHOBHTca pacnpocrpaHeHHbiH HacTOJbKO, hto Ha nepBbin B3rjag MO^eT noKa3aTbca, 6ygTO y öojbmuHCTBa KpemeHbix ^urejen Pycu 6bijo He ogHO, a gBa xpucTuaHCKux uMeHu b Mupy. B gencTBUTejbHOCTu ®e gejo Bcerga o6cToajo uHane. Ha BceM npoTa^eHuu CBoero cymecTBOBaHua xpucTuaHCKaa gByuMeHHOCTb ocTaBajacb aBjeHueM (^aKyjiKraruBHbiM u npuTOM - He peraaMeHTupoBaHHbiM KaKHMu-ju6o ^opMajbHbiMu npegnucaHuaMu ^pKBH uju rocygapcTBa, u uMeHHO ^Ta Heo6fluraropHOCTb u OTcyTCTBue $opMa-ju3aquu b coneTaHuu co CTOJb mupoKon nonyjapHOCTbro u MaccoBOCTbro gejaeT ^T0T ^eHOMeH CTOJb npuBjeKaTejbHHM gja ucTopuKa Kyjbrypbi u, He b nocjegHroro OHepegb, gja ^ujojora (nogpo6Hee 06 o6mux xapaKTepucTuKax gByuMeHHOCTu cm.: HuTBuHa, ycneHCKHH, 2018; .HuTBuHa, YCneHCKHH, 2018a). Pa3yMeeTca, xpucTuaHCKyro MHorouMeHHOCTb hu b Koen Mepe Hejb3a CHecTb cyry6o pyccKHM aBjeHueM - OHa BCTpenaeTca u b Boctohhoh, u b 3anagHOH HacTax xpucTuaHCKoro Mupa. OgHaKO KaK reHeranecKu, TaK u $yH^u0HajbH0, pyccKaa xpucTuaHCKaa gByuMeHHOCTb, no Bcen BuguMOCTu, aBjaeT co6oh Tpa^u^uro aB-T0xT0HHyM, a He 3aHMCTBOBaHHyM - ee 3apo®geHue u, b eme 6ojbmen CTeneHu, 0C06eHH0CTu 6HTOBaHua He garor bo3mo®hoctu CBa3aTb ee hu c jaruHCKHM MupoM, hu c Bu3aHTuen, hu, CKa^eM, c Cep6uen. CymecTBeHHO npu ^T0M, hto go caMoro nocjegHero BpeMeHu ucTopua CBeTCKOH xpucruaHCKOH gByuMeHHOCTu Ha Pycu ocTa-Bajacb HeuccjegoBaHHOH, xoTa KOHKpeTHbie $aKTbi npucyTCTBua y ogHoro u Toro ®e ju^ uju rpynnbi Ju^ gByx KajeHgapHbix uMeH b ^^oxy CpegHeBeKOBba OTMenajucb yneHHMu HanuHaa c cepeguHbi XIX b. B nocjegHue HecKOJbKO jeT, nbrraacb BOcnojHuTb gaHHbrä npo6ej, aBTopbi ^Tux CTpoK CTOJKHyjiHCb co CBoeo6pa3HbiM napagoKCOM: oönjbHaa npegcTaBjeHHOCTb gBy-HMeHHOCTH B pa3HOO6pa3Hbix HCTOHHHKax KOHTpaCTHpyeT C Hpe3BHHaËHO pegKOCTbro CKOJbKO-Hu6ygb geTaju3upoBaHHon u 06cT0aTejbH0H pe^jeKcuu gpeBHepyccKux khu^hukob OTHOcuTejbHO ^T0^0 aBjeHHa. B cymHOcru, ugeT ju peHb o XIV uju 0 XVI CTOjeTuu, 6ójbmaa HacTb TeHgeH^uH u 3aKOHOMepHOCTen, b paMKax K0T0pbix cymecTBOBaja ^Ta aHTponoHuMunecKaa cucTeMa, noggaroTca BbiaBjeHuro TOjbKO 6jarogapa conocTaBjeHuro ^M^upHHecKHx gaHHbix. Pa3yMeeTca, npu TaKOM ge$u^uTe ^KC^Ju^uTHHx BbiCKa3biBaHuH OTHOcuTejbHO HapeneHHa gByMa uMeHaMu jro6oe npegjo^eHHoe b ucTOHHuKe paccy^geHue Ha cen CHeT npuo6peTaeT oco6hh Bec u ^HHOCTb. OgHaKO TpygHOCTb 3aKjroHaeTca b tom, hto o6iacHeHua nogo6Horo poga Hame Bcero co3garoTca uHOCTpaH^Mu uju gja uHOCTpa^eB. nepcneKTuBa BHemHero Ha6jrogareja, c ogHon CTopoHbi, cnoco6Ha B^iaBuTb HeKHe HepTbi KyjbrypHOH cmyaquu, He3aMeTHbie gja ee ynacTHuKOB, ho, c gpyron, geMOHCTpupyroT 3anacTyro KaK HenojHOTy ocBegoMjeHHOCTu, TaK u CBa3aHHyro c Hen HenojHOTy noHuMaHna. Bygb TaKux BMCKa3MBaHun 0 pyccKOH gByuMeHHOCTu 6ojbme, 6ojbme 6hjo 6h u maHCOB cocTaBuTb u3 hux HeK0T0pyro MHoroMepHyro u npu6ju®eHHyro k peajbHOCTu KapruHy - u30jup0BaHHHe ®e noKa3aHua nogo6Horo Oëgop ycneHCKHH: PyccKaa xpHCTHaHCKaa gByHMeHHOCTt b (^HJOjjoraHecKOH nepcneKTHBe 339 poga b neM-TO npoacHaroT gejo, a b neM-TO ero 3anyTbiBaK>T, nopo^gaa BOKpyr gBy-uMeHHocTu cBoeo6pa3HHe KyjbTypojoruHecKue mu$h. OguH U3 TaKux mu^ob cBa3aH c peMapKOË gunjOMaxa u nyTemecTBeHHUKa ABrycxuHa Meñep6epra, HaxoguBmeroca b Poccuu b 1661-1663 rr., rge ^urypupyroT gBa cTOJb cymecTBeHHHx gja Hamen TeMbi aBjeHua, KaK npa3AH0BaHue uMeHUH u o6jagaHue gByMa xpucTuaHcKUMu uMeHaMu b Mupy: Me^gy TeM npu6gu:œugocb 27-e MapTa, geHb, nocBameHHbiH naMaTU cBaToro AjeKcea PuMjaHUHa, u ^pb , KOTopbin ^tuj b ^T0M cBaTOM cBoero noKpoBUTeja (aHreja), no oôbiKHOBeHuro, no^ejaj gaTb HaM Top^ecTBeHHMH o6eg b HameM noMe^eHUu. no TOMy ^to y MocKBUTaH 6mjo b oôbrnae npoBoguTb ^jbiH geHb UMeHU, KaKUM Kxo U3 Hux Ha3MBaeTca, b nupymKax u nononKax. ^T0T, nogBep^eHHMH cyeBepuro, Hapog He pa3cTaeTca c hum u b cbohx UMeHax: KaK b gpeBHocTU TauHcTBa 6orocgy:œe6Hbix oôpagoB 3anpemaju npou3HocuTb no jaTbiHU Ha3BaHue PuMa, no^eMy Bajepun CopaH (Soranus) u goj^eH 6mj noHecTb TaKue Ta^ejbe HaKa3aHua 3a ero oraacKy, TaK u MHorue U3 MocKBUTaH Ha3biBaroTca He TeM UMeHeM, KaKoe Hape^eHO K0My-Hu6ygb U3 hux npu Kpe^eHUu, ho gpyruM, KOTopoe garoT um poguTeju, cKpbiBaa npe^Hee, U3 onaceHua, ^To6bi, nocje orjjacKU ero, He ynoTpeôjaju OHa ero bo 3jo KOjgyHbu gja KaKoro-guôo 3jaro geja k nary6e Ha3biBaeMoro. TaK pogHbie 6paTba, KHa3ba WpuM u neTp ^ojropyKue, TaK KaH^gep AjMa3, b KpemeHUu Ha3BaHbi 6mju He WpueM, neTpoM, AjMa30M, a CaBOHOM (Sawon), KupoM (Cyrus) u Hepo^eeM (Jeroffius) (Menepôepr 1874: 185-86). Abtop 3Tux Ha6ïïK>geHUH coBepmeHHO tohho ocBegoMjeH otho cuTejbHO Bxopbix uMeH nepenucjeHHHx um juu - cymecxByeT goBOJbHO MHoro g0KyMeHT0B, HegByc-MMcjeHHO cBugeTejbcTByromux o tom, hto KaK 3HaMeHUTbiH KaHUjep napa, TaK u npu6ïïu®eHHbie k napro juna, cbiHOBba AjeKcea rpuropbeBuna ^,ojropyKoro, gen-cTBUTejbHO o6jagaju uMeHaMu Hepofyeû, Co^ohur u Kup, npuneM uMeHa 3tu ohu, cKopee Bcero, u b caMOM geje nojynuju npu KpemeHuu. OneBugHO TaK^e, hto xoTa Menepôepry HecoMHeHHO npuxogujocb u b 3anagH0M Mupe cxajKUBaxbca c HajunueM y ogHoro nejOBeKa HecKOJbKux xpucTuaHcKux UMeH, pyccKaa gByuMeHHocTb npeg-cTaBjaeTca eMy neM-TO Heo6braHbiM u 3acjy®HBaromuM OTgejbHoro KOMMeHTapua - oh, no Bcen BuguMocTu, uHTyuTUBHO omymaeT ee $yHKqu0HajbH0e HecxogcTBO c 3anagH0H KyjbxypHOH npaKTUKOH. EgBa jju, ogHaKO, paccKa3 Menepôepra o, TaK cKa3axb, npamaxuKe pyccKon gByuMeH-hoctu b anoxy AjeKcea MuxanjOBuna cjegyeT npuHUMaTb KaK a6c0JK>TH0 ageKBaTHoe onucaHue npuHuunoB ee ^yHKquoHupoBaHua. EpocaeTca b rja3a, b Hacraocxu, hto UMeHa Ammü3, Wpuñ u nemp BocnpuHUMaroxca um KaK paBHonpaBHbie, npurogHbie gja HapeneHua xpucxuaHUHa, Torga KaK Ha geje ÀMMa3 npegcTaBjaeT coôon oôbraHoe HeKajeHgapHoe uMa, KOTopoe hu npu KaKux 06cT0aTejbcTBax He Morjjo 6biTb Kpe-cTUjbHbiM, a xpucTuaHUH, o6jagaTejb TaKoro amponoHUMa, HenpeMeHHO Hy^gajca bo BTopoM uMeHu u3 MecanecjOBa. hhmmu cjOBaMu, Ka3yc AjMa3a I Hepo^ea - 3to n03gHUH, ho OTHrogb He pegKUH gja cBoero BpeMeHu npuMep gByuMeHHocTu Kjaccu-necKoro Tuna, o KOTopon mm roBopuju BMme. HMeHa ®e Wpuu u nemp, pa3yMeeTca, BnojHe rogaTca b KanecTBe KpecTUjbHMx, u, cooTBeTcTBeHHO, cuTyaqna c 6paTbaMu ^ojropyKUMu TpeôyeT OTBeTa Ha Bonpoc, KaK u gja nero, coôcTBeHHO, ohu nojynaroT eme KaKHe-TO xpucTuaHcKHe UMeHa. 340 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september OôtacHUTenbHaa Bepcua Menepôepra, npe^ge Bcero anennupyro^aa k coKpbiTUK», yTaHBaHUM uMeH u 3a^uTe ot KongoBCTBa u BcanecKoro 3noyMbimneHua nogo6Horo poga, oneHb BepHO OTpa^aeT arnoc^epy cep. XVII CToneraa c ero 6ecK0HenHbiMu CTpaxaMu, nogo3peHuaMu u paccnegoBaHuaMu othocuTenbHO Bopo®6bi u crna3a u numb B He3HanuTenbH0H CTeneHu - cocToaHue amponoHUMunecKon cucTeMbi. npoTUBopeHUBOCTb n0g06H0H xapaKTepucTUKH BugHa ga^e ecnu He BbixoguTb 3a paMKu ero co6cTBeHHoro TeKCTa. B caMOM gene, Konb cKopo BTopbie uMeHa cy^ecTBO-Banu numb 3aTeM, hto6m yTauTb ot BHemHero Mupa UMeHa KpecTunbHbie, to KaK ®e ^Tu nocnegHue Mornu 6biTb goBepeHbi eMy, uHOCTpaH^? noneMy KpecTunbHoe hmh ^pa, nu^, Hau6onee o6eperaeMoro ot KongoBCTBa, OTHrogb He aBnaeTca npegMeTOM COKpHTHH, HO, HanpOTUB, U3BeCTH0 BceM u Ka^goMy? Ecnu ®e OTBnenbca ot coHUHeHua Menep6epra u o6paTUTb BHUMaHue Ha $aK-TunecKoe nono^eHue gen b Ty ^^oxy, to mo^ho 6e3 Tpyga y6eguTbca, hto ogHO U3 UMeH nenoBeKa o6hhho b 6onbmen CTeneHu 3agencTB0BaH0 b ero CBeTCKon noBceg-HeBHOH ®h3hu, a gpyroe - b MeHbmen, ogHaKO o6a ohu HBneHbi Mupy b nocBa^eHuu xpaMOB, u3o6pa®eHuax jhhhmx narpoHanbHbix cbhtmx, b 3anucax o BceB03M0®Hbix BKnagax u no^epraoBaHuax, a 3anacTyro u b gpyrux goKyMeHTax. TaK, umh Co^ohum, npuHagne^a^ee Wpuro AneKceeBuny ^,0nr0pyK0My (f 1682), noMUMO CBugeTenb-CTBa Menep6epra, $urypupyeT, HanpuMep, b agpecoBaHHOM eMy nucbMe AneKcea MuxannoBuna, rge ^pb nonepeMeHHO Ha3biBaeT ero to wpuem, to co^onuem, b 3aBucuM0CTu ot Toro, ugeT nu penb o genax BoeHHbix unu ^pkobhmx (.aMaHCKun 1861: 756, 758, 760, 761, 765), a CuMeoH nono^un, npugBopHbin nponoBegHUK ^pa, nocBa^aeT npopoKy Co^ohuu c^e^uanbHyro nponoBegb. Co BpeMeHeM ®e umh Co^ohur noaBUTca Ha Hagrpo6Hon nnuTe khh3h (CHerupeB 1864: 54, N° 104>; flPB XIX: 339-40), paBHO KaK u b cuHoguKax ycneHCKoro co6opa MocKOBCKoro KpeMna u MocKOBCKoro BoroaBneHCKoro MOHacTbipa (flPB VI: 498). OneBugHO, TaKUM 06pa30M, HTO hu nocne CMepru, hu npu ®u3hu ^onropyKoro TanHbiM oho He 6bino, KaK He 6bino TanHbiM b CBoe BpeMa umh ^eop^uü (Wpuu) gna khh3h ^pocnaBa Mygporo - npaBOMepHO roBopuTb 3gecb, CKopee, o 6onbmen ny6nuHH0CTu ogHoro uMeHu (Wpuu) u omyTUMO MeHbmen gpyroro (Co$ohum). Pa3yMeeTca, Konb CKopo B03HUKan0 nogo3peHue b KongoBCTBe unu uhom npecTy-nneHuu, TaKoe nono^eHue gen, Korga y HeK0T0pbix nrogen 6bino no 0gH0My xpucTu-aHCKOMy uMeHu, a y HeK0T0pbix - no gBa, gaBano nn^y gna pa3nuHHbix MaHH^ynH^HH KaK CO CTOpOHbl 06BUHHeMbix, TaK U CO CTOpOHbl 06BUHUTeneH, HTO U HamnO CBOe OTpa^eHue b HecKonbKux pacnpocHbix genax, KaôanbHbix 3anucKax u Ta^ôax o 6embix xononax. B HeK0T0pbix Tunax 3ar0B0p0B, bo3mo®ho, oco6oe 3HaneHue npugaBanocb TOMy, hto6m b hux ^urypupoBano nognuHHoe umh nenoBera, ho u 3gecb ganeKO He Bcerga penb mna o npoTUBonocTaBneHuu gByx xpucTuaHCKux UMeH. TaKUM 06pa30M, roBopa o coKpbiTuu KpecTunbHoro uMeHu, Menep6epr b nynmeM cnynae npugaeT He-KOTopMM nro6onbiTHbiM, ho cyry6o nacTHbiM npoucmecTBUHM, HeKun o6o6maromun u yHUBepcanbHHH CTaTyc - caMa xpucTuaHCKaa gByuMeHHOCTb KaK TaKOBaa He 6bina hu TanHOH, hu npecTynneHueM. ®egop yeneHeKHH: PyccKaa xpHCTHaHCKaa gByHMeHHOCTt b <^HJ0jj0raHecK0H nepcneKTHBe 341 Me^gy TeM, npegcTaBieHua o n0TaeHH0 cth u coKpbrruu KaK riaBHoM ee npegHa-3HaneHHH goBoibHo ray60k0 yKopeHuiucb b Tex HeMHorux ucciegoBaHnax, aBTopbi KOTOpbix ygeiaroT c^e^uaIbHoe BHHMaHHe nogo6HMM amponoHHMHHecKHM cnrya-^HHM. Bce ^TO co3gaeT onpegeieHHbie noMexu gia ageKBaTHon o^hku u 6e3 Toro HenpocToro cooraomeHna ny6inHHbix u Heny6inHHbix xpucTuaHcKux uMeH u gia nOHHMaHHH ^BOflM^HH pyCCKOH gByHMeHHOCTH B ^ioM. npucyTCTBHe y neioBeKa gByx mhpckhx xpucTuaHcKux uMeH b nepByro onepegb 6mio npu3BaHO o6ecnenuTb eMy uHguBugyaibHoe noKpoBnreibcTBo cpa3y gByx na-TpOHa^bHMX CB3TMX, ero Te30K H3 MeCSUeC^OBOB H npO^OrOB no 3TuM uMeHoBaHHaM. ,3,ia ji^a cocroaTeibHoro nonuTaHue 3thx noKpoBHTeien oneHb nacro Bonio^aiocb, HanpHMep, b tom, hto oh oKa3MBaica Biageib^M uiu 3aKa3HHKoM ux H3o6pa®eHHH - ukoh, KoTopMe TaK uiu HHane conpoBo^gaiu ero Ha npoTa^eHuu Bcen ®h3hu, a 3aTeM npeBpamaiucb b nocMepTHbie BKiagbi uiu nepegaBaiucb no HaciegcTBy. TaK, ot fl,MUTpua norapcKoro (f 1642) ocraiacb uKoHa, Ha ogHon cTopoHe KoTopon 6bi u3o6pa®eH fl,MUTpun CoiyHcKun, a Ha gpyron - cb. KocMa, Ha npa3gHUK KoToporo (1 Hoa6pa) KHa3b noaBuica Ha cBeT ^ckuh 2000: 144). B cBa3u c po^geHueM cbrna HBaHa rpo3Horo, ^peBnna HBaHa (f 1581), 6biia roroTOBieHa naHarua, Ha ogHon cTopoHe KoTopon 6biio H3o6pa®eHne cb. HoaHHa .HecTBHnHuKa, Torga KaK Ha gpyron cbb. MapKa Ape^ycuñcKoro u Kupuiia ^.naKoHa - HMeHHo b geHb noMuHoBeHua ^Tux gByx nociegHux cbhtmx ^apeBHH poguica (nocTHuKoBa-.oceBa 1976: 231). B tom, hto KacaeTca u3o6pa3nreibHoro paga, cBa3aHHoro c ^TUMU iu^mu, mm Ha6irogaeM oTHocnreibHyro cuMMeTpuro b cuMBoiuKe o6pa3oB, ogHaKo b tom, hto KacaeTca uMeH KaK TaKoBbix, geio ycTpoeHo ropa3go cio^Hee. HeKoTopaa onpegeieH-HocTb ecTb 3gecb iumb c ny6inHHbiMn uMeHaMu - KHa3b norapcKnn b nogaBiaro^eM 6oibmuHcTBe uctohhukob u3BecTeH KaK ffMumpuu, a ^peBnn HBaH HBaHoBnn KaK Mean. Bo BceM ®e ocTaibHoM, KaK noKa3biBaeT ucciegoBaHue ^Tux u MHorux gpyrux Ka3ycoB, aHTponoHuMH^ecKaa KapruHa pacnagaeTca Ha ^ibin pag bo3mo®hmx mo-geien. ny6innHoe uMa Mo^eT 6biTb paageieHo c KpecTuibHMM (KaK ?ro npoucxoguT c ropueM / Co^oHueM u neTpoM / KupoM ^,oiropyKHMu)6, a Mo^eT u coBnagaTb c hum, naTpoHaT Toro uiu uHoro cBaToro Mo^eT HaxoguTb cBoe Bonio^eHue b uMa-HapeneHuu, a Mo^eT KaK 6m BMBoguTbca 3a ero paMKn u t. g. u t. n. BecbMa npuMeHaTeibHHH Ha6op pa3inHHbix amponoHHMHHecKnx CHTya^Hn 3ane-HaxieH b conuHeHuu gbaKa HBaHa TuMo^eeBa cMHa CeMeHoBa (f 1631), HocuBmero, KcTaTu, e^e u HeKaieHgapHoe uMa - Kan, conuHeHuu, co3gaHHoM, no Bcen BuguMocru, b nepBon TpeTu XVII b. u u3BecTHoM KaK «BpeMeHHuK». C tohkh 3peHna ucTopuu pyccKon oHoMacTuKn, stot naMaTHuK 3aHuMaeT npoMe^yronHoe noio^eHue Me^gy cyxo KoHcTarupyromuMu $aKT gByuMeHHocTu goKyMeHTaMu u pegKHMu ^KC^Iu^uT-hhmh oOtacHeHuaMH, gia nero 3Ta gByuMeHHocTb Hy^Ha, KoTopMe mm mo^em HanTu b oTgeibHMx conuHeHnax uHOCTpaH^eB. 6 flpyrHe npHMepu nogo6Horo poga cm. b pa6oTe: .HTBHHa, ycneHcKHH, 2018a. 342 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september KaK mm yBHgHM HH^e, HBaH TuMO^eeB ^MBenmuM 06pa30M HHTepecyeTca ce-MaHTHKOH HMeH co6cTBeHHbix h HMeHaMH B006me, c^e^HagbH0 BbigejaeT hx hjh nognepKHyTO 3aMajHHBaeT. Oh 6ojee neM oxotho 3agencTByeT MHoroypoBHeBbie aHTponoHHMHnecKHe TomoBaHua b cbohx puTopHHecKHx nocrpoeHuax, npeBpa^aa HMeHa b cpegcTBO gja C03gaHua BHTueBarbix, nonra 6ap0HHbix xapaKTepucrHK, to xyjHTejbHbix, to naHerupuHecKux. npu ^T0M, 6ygynu npeKpacHO ocBegoMjeH o gBOHHbix HMeHax nepcoHa^en CBoero ucTopunecKoro noBecrBOBaHua, oh He npegja-raeT hhkskhx o6bacHeHHH cymecTBOBaHuro CBeTCKOH xpHCTHaHCKOH gByHMeHHOCTH KaK TaKOBOH. ^TO aBjeHue BOcnpuHHMaeTca hm KaK gaHHOCTb, npegocTaBjaro^aa gonojHurejbHoe noje gja geM0Hcrpa^HH H30^peHHbix noBecrBOBarejbHbix tcxhhk. TaKaa TaKTUKa n03B0jaeT eMy, hh pa3y He CKa3aB HanpaMyro, hto y Koro-ju6o H3 ero repoeB 6mjo gBa HMeHH, Hcn0jb30Barb to 06a HMeHOBaHua, to HCKjKmHTejbHO 0gH0-egHHCTBeHH0e, 6ojee nogxoga^ee gja pemeHua KOHKpeTHbix HgeojornHecKHx 3agan. Mm ®e, cjegya 3a aBTopoM u conocTaBjaa ero nocrpoeHua c gpyruMu hctoh-HHKaMH, MO^eM npoHa6^K>gaTb ^jmh cneKTp pa3H006pa3Hbix $opM npucyTcrBHa gByX MHpCKHX XpHCTHaHCKHX HMeH B ®H3HH OgHOrO He^OBeKa. OgHUM H3 caMblX aCHblX c OHOMacTHHecKOH TOHKH 3peHHa H OgHHM H3 caMblX H30^peHH0 o6craBjeHHbix y HBaHa TuMO^eeBa OHOMacrHHecKHx anroogoB aBjaerca «Ka3yc .ynna». B onucaHuu paccjegoBaHua ru6eju ^peBuna ^Murpua b YraHHe bo «BpeMeHHHKe» noaBjaeTca Kpafee 0TpH^aTegbHbiH nepcoHa®, ^ocgaHe^ Eopuca rogyHOBa7, cnoco6cTByromuH ^pro b ocymecTBjeHHH ero 3jogencKHx 3aMbicj0B: BpeMa ^e CBoeMy 3J0MHcauro o6peT h cy^a CTaHHHHKa ce6e noTaeHa, 3ejo 3jbixb 3jenma, .ynna HeKoero, 6paTa cu CBOHCTBOMb h gejOMb, H^e TOjKyeTca bojk, - ot gej 3BaHHe npuuM (PHE XIII: 294; ^ep^aBHHa 1951: 29, j. 48). 3HaneHue jaruHCKoro no npoucxo^geHuro HMeHH npuBegeHO, pa3yMeeTca, He cgynaHHo: oho 0Ka3MBaeTca npe3BbraaHH0 BbiurpbimHbiM gja puTopuneckhx 3agan n0BecTB0BaTega. Kto ®e, 0gHaK0, ^T0T .ynn, gja KOToporo HBaH TuMO^eeB He npu-BoguT 6ojee HHKaKHx hhmx HMeHOBaHUH? 7 KcTaTH roBopa, caMoro Eopuca rbgyHOBa h b 3tom, h b HeKOTOpbix gpyrux 3nu3ogax, aBTop «BpeMeHHHKa» H36eraeT Ha3biBarb no HMeHH h c^e^HagbH0 nognepKHBaeT, hto HMa 3Toro HegocroHHoro npaBHTeja He HMeeT HHKaKoro TOjjKOBaHHa: «cero )Ke 6jjH®HHKa HMaHH nucaHHa TOJKy He HMaTb, aBe, aKO hh b ®HB0TB0pHbix KHHrax, 6oroHeHaBHCTHbix cu gej pagu, He Bnucaca ot 6ora» (PHE XIII: 293; ^ep^aBHHa, 1951: 28, jj. 47 06.). Eojjee Toro, b 6ojbmHHCTBe cjynaeB oh H36eraeT ynoMHHaTb ga»e He6ecHoro naTpoHa RjgyHOBa, cb. Eopuca, ogHoro H3 caMbix nonyjjapHbix pyccKHX CBaT^ix. TaK, oh pemaeTca Ha pa3gejeHHe ^uryp CBaTbix 6paTbeB, cuHOBen KpecTHTeja Pycu Eopuca h rjje6a, ynogo6jjaa y6ueHHoro ^peBHHa ^MHTpua - ABejro h rjje6y (PHE XIII: 296; ^ep^aBHHa, 1951: 30, j. 51), ho HHKaK He ynoMHHaa npu 3tom cb. Eopuca, hto, B006^e roBopa, KpaHHe HeTpHBHajbHO gja gpeBHepyccKOH khh^hocth. OTBa^HBmucb ogHa^gu Ha nogo6Hoe pa3gejeHHe napHbix CBaTMX, b gpyroM ^parMeHTe TeKCTa HBaH TuMO^eeB caM ynpeKaeT gpyrux b TaKOM KO^yHCTBeHHOM npoTHBonocTaBjeHHU, roBopa, hto Ha HKOHax npu rogyHOBe Hegojj^HUM 06pa30M CTajH H3o6pa®aTb ogHoro cb. Eopuca, orropraa cb. rjje6a (PHE XIII: 337; ^ep^aBHHa, 1951: 61, j. 113-13 06.). HerogoBaHue npoTHB npecTynHoro, no MHeHHro TuMO^eeBa, ^apa npuBoguT aBTopa «BpeMeHHHKa» k CBoeo6pa3Hon 6opb6e 3a npaBa Mjagmero H3 napb paHHHX pyccKHX MyneHHKOB. oëgop ycneHCKHH: PyccKaa xpHCTHaHCKaa gByHMeHHOCTt b (^HJOjjoraHecKOH nepcneKTHBe 343 H3 gpyrux hctohhhkob mh 3HaeM, hto nogo6Horo poga nopyneHua Bopnca rogyHoBa ucnornaj He kto hhoh, KaK oKojbHHHHH AHgpeH neTpoBHH KjemHHH (f 1599), ko-tophh b CBoe BpeMa 6hj BocnHrarejeM ^pa ®egopa HBaHoBHHa, CTapmero 6paTa ^peBuna ,fl,MHrpHa (PHB XIII: 779, 781-82, 907-09). B nogaBjaro^eM 6ojbmuHcrBe hctohhhkob K^emHHH $HrypupyeT KaK Andpeu, cooTBeTCTBeHHo y Hac ecrb Bce ocHoBaHHa yTBep^garb, hto TaKoBo 6hjo ero ny6jHHHoe hma. OgHaKo oh co BceH onpegejeHHocrbro o6jagaj h e^e ogHHM mhpckhm HMeHeM - Hynn, KoTopoe TaK^e 3anenaraeHo b oTHocarnuxca k HeMy 3anucax, npuneM HecKojbKo pa3 oho ynorpe6ja-eTca BMecTe c HMeHeM Andpeu,8 TaK hto HHKaKHx 3arpygHeHHH c oTo^gecTBjeHueM b gaHHoM cjynae He Bo3HHKaeT. CTaTyc HMeHH Hynn y KjemHHHa TaK^e He BH3HBaeT coMHeHHH - ^TO 6hjo ero KpecTH^bHoe hma, h6o HMeHHo no HeMy KjemHHHy nogo6paju hmh MoHamecKoe, Korga b koh^ ®h3hh oh npuHaj nocTpur. HaHHHaa c XV cro^ema Ha Pycu rocnog-cTByeT TeHgeH^Ha, coraacHo kotopoh HHonecKoe hmh nog6upajocb no co3Bynuro hjh cooTBeTCTBHro c HMeHeM KpecTHjbHbiM (ycneHcKHH, ycneHcKHH 2017: 100-115; ^HTBHHa, ycneHcKHH 2018a), KaK npaBHjo, ^TO cooTBeTcrBHe cBogujocb k coBnage-hhm nepBHx 6yKB npe^Hero h HoBoro HMeHH, hto mh h Ha6jrogaeM b gaHHoM cjy-Hae - npu nocTpnre KjemHHHy gaHo hmh fleeKuu, KoTopoe, co BceH oneBHgHocTbro, KoppecnoHgnpyeT c HMeHeM Hynn, a He Ančpeu.9 Pa3yMeeTca, 6ygynu gbaKoM Ha rocygapeBoH cjy®6e, HBaH TuMo^eeB 6hj npe-KpacHo ocBegoM^eH o tom, hto KjemHHH 3Bajca He TojbKo flynnoM, ho h AnčpeeM. OneBHgHo npu ^TOM, noneMy cboh bh6op oh ocTaHoBHj HMeHHo Ha KpecTHjbHoM HMeHH oKo^bHHHero - 3HaneHue 'bojk' mo^ho cnararb cBoeo6pa3HHM nogapKoM gja 8 Cp., HanpHMep, bo 3anucb BKjagHoH KHHre AHToHHeBa Chhckoto MoHacTbipa o npu®H3HeHHoM BKjage AHgpea / .ynna KjemHHHa, cgejaHHoM b 1595 r.: «103-ro (rogy) ^pa rocygapa h BejHKoro khh3h ®egopa HBaHoBHHa, Bcea Pycuu caMogep^a, npucjaj b goMb ^HBoHanajHbie Tpou^i h npenogo6Haro oTua Hamero nrogTBopua Ahtohhh 6oapuHb oKojiHuneft AHgpeH neTpoBHHb KjemHHH. npu uryMeHe nuTepuMe KHuru: OxraH, o6e nojioBHHH Ha ocMb raacoBb u 3 6oropoguHHbi KaHoHH, nenarb MocKoBcKaa, ga nerbipe MuHeu MeceHHbie: ceHra6pb, reHBapb, Maprb, anpuib, - no ce6e u no cBouxb pogurejexb, uryMeHy 3 6parbero go ero »HBora 3a Hero Bora mojihth h pogurejeH noMHHaTH, a comjerb Borb no gymy ero u ero raKo^e noMHHaTH, a MojiHTBeHHoe hmh .ynnb. ^a oh ®e npuciaj jagaHy 5 rpuBeHoKb. - 108-ro <1600> AHgpeeBcKaa ®e ®eHa nerpoBHHa KjemHHHa HpuHa AHgpeeBHa npu uryMeHe HoHe, e^e o Xpucre 3 6parbero, gaja Bb goMb ^HBoHaiajHbie TpoH^H no My®e cBoeM no AHgpee nerpoBHHe 50 py6jeBb» (H3kimob 1917: 18, j. 29). 9 Cp. Hagnucb Ha creHe ^pKBH HpuHH MyHeHH^H b na^HyrueBoM Bopobckom MoHacrbpe: «.era (1599) r. Anpeja Bb <6> geHb npecraBuca pa6b bo^hh, BejHKaro rocygapa ^apH h BejHKaro Khh3h ®eogopa HBaHoBuna Bcea Pochh garKa oKojbHHHeH .ynn 3obomhh AHgpeH nerpoBHH KjemHHHb bo HHouexb .eBKeH cxhmhhk» (.eoHug KaBejHH 1907: 192). KpoMe roro, b Bopobckom MoHacrnpe xpaHHjocb EBaHregue, rge Ha nepBoM jucre 6hjo HanucaHo: «.era 1602 CeHra6pa Bb 25 geHb Ha naMarb npenogo6Haro Or^a Hamero Ceprua, HryMeHa PagoHe^cKaro MygoTBopua. Chh KHura, rjarojeMaH EBaHrejue, nono^uja b goMb npeHucTbia Bo^opogH^H MecrHaro h CjaBHaro Ea Po^gecrBa h npenogo6Haro Or^a Hamero na^Horua BopoBcKaro Ha npecroj b MoHacrbpb, HpuHa AHgpeeBcKaa ®eHa nerpoBHHa KjemHHHa, Ha HanoMHHaHue gymu My®a cBoero .ynna no HHoKe CxuMHHKe .eBKee h no Ero pogurejex h no cBoeH gymu» (.eoHug KaBejHH 1907: 76; cm. ary ®e Hagnucb b pa6ore: Aca^oB, TuxoMupoB 1962: 280). Cp. raK^e: «naM. AHgpero KjemHHHy, a hmh eMy .yMnb bo hh. .eBKHH» (AnyxruH 1914: 19; cp.: AnyxruH, 1914a: 39). 344 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september nocTpoeHua HeraTHBHOH xapaKTepHCTHKH ero o6flagareja, TaK KaK bojk ?ro He hto HHoe, KaK Tpa^H^HOHHMH ^^HTeT gna o6o3HaneHua BcanecKHx 3nogeeB10; Andpeü ®e nogomno 6h, CKopee, gna naHernpnKa, b gaHHOM cnynae a6c0JK>TH0 He^ejaTejbHoro. ^M6onMTH0, ogHaKo, hto TaKaa cno^Haa urpa, xoTa u co3gaBana HeKoropyro puTo-pnnecKyro 3aragKy, ho npegnojaraja, co Bcen oneBugHocTbro, hto y HUTarena xBamT ocBegoM^eHHocTH b uMeHax, ga6bi 6e30mu60HH0 noHaTb, o kom uMeHHo ugeT peHb. HecK0JbK0 aOcrparupyacb ot cao^hoh n0BecTB0BaTejbH0H TKaHu «BpeMeHHUKa», mh yBuguM cioa^ee 3a Hen g0B0JbH0 acHoe (JiyH^uoHajbHoe pacnpegeneHue ampo-noHHMoB b pea^bHon 0H0MacTHHecK0H cuTyaquu. HMa Andpeü BecbMa nonyjapHo Ha Pycu c XI b., jm6umo npaBa^uM goMoM u pacnpocTpaHeHo bo MHo^ecTBe 3HaTHHx ceMen. HMa Hynn, b cbom onepegb, HecpaBHeHHo 6onee ^K30TUHH0 u paprnerao, cKopee Bcero oho Bbmano 6ygymeMy 0K0JbHuneMy no KaneHgapro. HeyguBUTenbHo, ^0^T0My, hto Andpeü b TaKon aHTponoHUMHHecKoñ nape - uMa 6onee ny6nnHHoe, a Hynn - KpecTujbHoe. CooTBeTcTBeHHo, uMa Andpeü u3BecTH0 6onee mup0K0, Torga KaK Hynn - MeHee, ho hu ogHo H3 hux He aBjaeTca TanHbiM. C^epbi ux ynoTpe6jeHna pa3rpaHHHeHb g0B0JbH0 cno^HbiM 06pa30M: Ha nepBbin B3raag, Mo^eT noKa3aTbca, hto uMa Anópeü c oguHaraoBbiM ycnexoM Mo^eT ynoTpe6jaTbca u b cBeTCKon, u b ^pkobhoh ®h3hu ero o6jagarefla, Hynn ®e - T0JbK0 b ^pkobhoh. OgHaKo ^T0 Bep-ho iBmt oTHacTu. Tohkoh oTcneTa gja Bbi6opa MoHamecKoro uMeHu Mo^eT cTaTb ucKjKHUTejbHo KpecTujbHoe Hynn, oho ®e 6ygeT goMuHupoBaTb b n0MUHanbH0H npaKTuKe nocne cMepTu ero HocuTeja, xoTa u3 ^T0H nocjegHen u uMa Anópeü He 06a3are^bH0 ucKjKwaeTca nojHocrbro. TaKyro ®e Mogenb gByuMeHHocTu mh Mo^eM Ha6flK>garb y MHo^ecTBa nrogen XV-XVII cToneTua. ^ocTaroHHo BcnoMHuTb, HanpuMep, 0K0flbHUHero u BoeBogy AgameBa (f 1556), HbUM nyfijuHHHM uMeHeM 6bmo Oeóop, KpecrujbHbiM - ÁeKceumuü, a MoHamecKHM - Apcenuü, ogHoro u3 pogcTBeHHuKoB (f 1597) Bopuca rogyHoBa, HbuM ny6nHHHbiM uMeHeM 6hjo rp^opuü, KpecTujbHbiM - XapumoH, a uHonecKHM - Xpucmo^op, unu KHa3a Cu^oro (f 1608 r.), HocuBmero ny6nuHHoe uMa Mean, KpecTunbHoe Cofyponuü u npuHaBmero nocTpur KaK Cep^uü. CKopee Bcero, tohho TaKuM ®e 06pa30M 6bma ycTpoeHa u aHTponoHUMUHecKaa cuiya^a ,fl,MUTpua / Kocmh no^apcKoro - xoTa nocTpura oh He npuHUMan, ho uMeH0BaHue ffMumpuü npuMeHu-TenbHo k HeMy nocflegoBareflbHo xapaKTeproyeTca KaK «npo3BH^e»u, a KpecTHjbHbie uMeHa npaKTHHecKH HuKorga He Harpa^gajucb TaKuM ^^uTeT0M (ConoBbeBa 2002: 171, 172-73, 176; ConoBbeBa 2006: 688; HuTBuHa, ycneHcKHH, 2018a). 10 XapaKTepHo, HanpuMep, hto BuTaroBcKun u KaHanoBH, HanpaMyro o6BuHaeMHe b y6uncTBe uapeBuna ^MHTpua h cHHTaro^neca npu 3T0M cBoero poga KpeaTypaMH KnemHHHa, HMeHyroTca b Hobom jieTonn^e eonmMu nbixam^uMu (nCP.H XIV: 41). 11 «Toro ®e gHH KopM kopmhth no 6ojjapuHe no Ko3bMe, npo3BH^e KHa3b ^MHTpuu MuxaHjoBHHe no^apcKoM, Ha tot geHb po^geHue ero <1 Hoa6pa>» (BaxpaMeeB 1896: 21). O6a HMeHH KHa3a üo^apcKoro npuBogaTca h b ero gyxoBHoñ rpaMoTe, HanHcaHHoH Me^gy 1640 h 1642 rr.: «Ce a3, pa6 Bo^hh MHororpemHHH 6oapuH KHa3b Ko3Ma (npo3)Bu^e KHa3b ^MUTpeñ MuxañjoBUHb üo^apcKon, numy (cu)ro gyxoBHyro cboum ^eJ^iM yM0M h pa3yM0M, K0My MHe hto gaTH h Ha kom MHe hto B3aTH» (^CKHH 2000: 150). ®egop yeneHeKHH: PyccKaa xpHCTHaHCKaa gByHMeHHOCTt b <^HJ0jj0raHecK0H nepcneKTHBe 345 TaKoe $yH^uoHajbHoe pacnpegejeHue b nejOM aBjaeTca BecbMa pacnpocrpa-HeHHbiM, ho OTHMgb He eguHcTBeHHO bo3mo®hmm. B HaeTHoeTH, gajeKO He Bcerga Ha^nuo OTO^b CTporaa gnxoTOMna, OTgejaromaa uMa KpecTHjbHoe ot HMeHH ny6jHH-Horo, nonyjapHoro, pacnpocTpaHeHHoro, pogoBoro. HHorga cBoeo6pa3Hbm nenrp Ta^ecTu b aHTponoHHMHHecKOH nape MO^eT 6biTb cymecTBeHHO cMemeH b cTopoHy ogHoro H3 uMeH, Torga KaK BTopoe OKa3biBaeTca neM-TO gonojHuTejbHbiM, xoTa u OTHMgb He TaHHMM. OgHa u3 TaKux aHTponoHHMHHecKHx curyanun, cyga no BceMy, o6birpbiBaeTca bo «BpeMeHHuKe» HBaHa TuMO^eeBa. 06^en3BecTHaa cBa3b HBaHa rpo3Horo c ero He6ecHbiM noKpoBHTejeM, HoaHHOM npegTeneñ, yKa3biBaeTca bo «BpeMeHHuKe» jumb BecbMa KocBeHHO u no-cBoeMy u3O^peHHO, npu ^TOM napb, pa3yMeeTca, peryjiapHO Ha3biBaerca cboum guHacTunecKuM uMeHeM Mean. C gpyron cTopoHbi, paccKa3HUK eguHO^gbi HanpaMyro cpaBHUBaeT HBaHa BacujbeBHna c pumckum uMnepaTopoM Tutom (PHB XIII: 274; ^,ep®aBUHa, 1951: 14, j. 19 o6.-20), a 3aTeM eme gBa^gbi BO3BpamaeTca k o6pa3y TuTa, o6ocho-BMBaa HeorpaHuneHHocTb BjacTu napa (PHB XIII: 359; ^ep^aBuHa, 1951: 78, j. 146 o6.-147) uju pe3MMupya Bce cKa3aHHoe um npe^ge b ^uHaje cBoero conuHe-Hua, npuneM b nocjegHeM cjynae $urypa uMnepaTopa TuTa cocegcTByeT c o6pa3OM HoaHHa npegTenu (PHB XIII: 465-466; ^ep^aBura 1951: 164, j. 304 o6.-305 o6.). CaM no ce6e paccKa3 o6 uMnepaTope TuTe u pa3opeHuu um HepycajuMa b gpeB-HepyccKon khh^hocth 6bij cBoero poga o6^hm MecTOM u Mor BcrpanBarbca b caMbie pa3HOo6pa3HMe Kommcrbi. KaK OTMenaeT A. A. AjeKceeB, b ucTopnax nogo6Horo poga uMneparop Tut «nopon <.. .> nogHuMaeTca go o6pa3a xpucTuaHcKoro cBaToro» (AjeKceeB 2003: 453). CymecTBeHHO, ogHaKO, hto npu Bcen pacnpocTpaHeHHocTu gaHHoro Tonoca, HanpaMyro ynogo6jjaeTca TuTy uMeHHO HBaH rpo3Hbin. B ^TOM otho-meHuu cocTaBuTejb «BpeMeHHuKa» He 6bij nepBonpoxogneM - conocraBjeHue TaKoro poga ecTb, k npuMepy, u b «Ka3aHcKon ucTopuu» (nCP. XIX: 198). HBaHa TuMO^eeBa OTjHHaeT 3gecb, no^ajyn, jumb oco6eHHoe npucTpacTue k 3TOMy ynogo6jeHuro. B nejOM, nogo6Hyro HacronHuBocTb b puTopnHecKOM c6ju®eHuu c ucropune-ckum nepcoHa^eM no uMeHu Tum TpygHO He cooTHecru c TeM o6cToaTejbcTBOM, hto HBaH rpo3HbiH noaBujca Ha cBeT 25 aBrycTa, Ha naMaTb anocTOja TuTa, 3a neTbipe gHa go npa3gHuKa yceKHOBeHue raaBbi HoaHHa npegTenu (29 aBrycTa). ^pb gaBaj orpoMHMe no^epTBOBaHHa gja Toro, hto6m npu ero ®h3hu b MOHacrbipax ycrpauBa-jucb 3a3gpaBHMe KopMa «Ha Tutob geHb» u «Ha yceKHOBeHue necTHbie raaBbi HBaHa npegTenu», a nocje kohhuhm ero noMuHaju 6bi Tpu^gbi - Ha o6a 3Tux npa3gHuKa u b geHb npecraBjeHua (CaxapoB 1851: 87; ffla6noBa 2012: 356, npuMen. 118). Ha juneBOH cTopoHe naHaruu HBaHa rpo3Horo Bbipe3aH 6apejbe$Hbin o6pa3 HoaHHa npegTenu, Torga KaK o6opoTHaa cTopoHa cogep^aja BbmojHeHHoe nepHbro u3o6pa-®eHue anocTOja TuTa (nocTHuKOBa-.oceBa 1976: 224), anocron Tut u3o6pa®eH TaK^e Ha ogHon u3 gpo6Hun c OKjaga, 3aKa3aHHoro HBaHOM rpo3HbiM gja ukohm cb. 346 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september Tpou^i (Knocc 1998: 80-81)12. TaKHM 0Öpa30M, He BO3HuKaeT HHKaKHx coMHeHun, hto ^pb HTun gByx cbohx HeöecHHx naTp0H0B - HoaHHa npegTeny u anocTona TuTa, u noHHTaHHe ^TO hh b Koeö Mepe He ocraBanocb TaHHOH gna ero noggaHHbix. CoBepmeHHO OHeBugHO npu ^TOM, noneMy Mean cTano ny6nuHHbiM uMeHeM npa-BuTena - oho 6bino pogoBbiM gna PropuKOBunen Ha npoTa^eHuu MHorux croneTun, b nucne nponux ero Hocun u pogHon geg rpo3Horo, HBaH III (f 1505). K XVI b. oho npnoöpeno CTaTyc ogHoro U3 caMbix nonynapHbix gna gnHacTnn uMeH. Cy^ecTBeHHO, ogHaKo, hto y rpo3Horo uMa HBaH coBMe^ano, no Bcen BuguMocTu, ^yHKquu guHa-cTH^ecKoro u KpecrunbHoro - Ha ^TO yKa3biBaroT KaK OTgenbHbie pennuKH hctohhh-kob (Po3ob 1965: 284, n. 5 o6.), TaK u to o6croaTenbcTBO, hto Ha cMepTHoM ogpe oh 6bin nocrpu^eH c uMeHeM Mona, cocraßnaBmuM 6onee neM Tpagu^uoHHyro napy c KpecTunbHHM MoaHH. Hago 3aMeTuTb, hto rpo3Hbrä 6bin He nepBbiM u He nocnegHuM npegcTaBuTe-neM npaßa^ero goMa PropuKOBmen, y KoToporo uMa guHacrunecKoe OKa3biBanocb ogHoBpeMeHHo u KpecTunbHHM. no^anyö, caMbrä apKHH npuMep nogo6Horo poga - ^TO amponoHuMunecKaa cuTya^ua ero o^a, Bacunna III (f 1533), KOTopbrä, KaK u3BecTHo, o6nagan e^e ogHuM uMeHeM, raepuun. !3to BTopoe uMa HacTonbKo oxotho u nacTo ^uKcupyeTca ucroHHuKaMu b coo6^eHuax o ero po^geHuu, Hakane npaBne-HHa, ^pkobhom cTpouTenbcTBe u MoHacTbipcKHx BKnagax, hto b cooTBeTCTByro^ux cBugeTenbcTBax MO^eT noKa3aTbca nyTb nu He paBHonpaBHbiM c uMeHeM Bacunuü, ogHaKo u 3gecb Bacumü o6nagaeT Bce ®e 6onbmuM ceMuoTunecKuM BecoM, a tot $aKT, hto b MOHamecTBe Bacunun III 6bin HapeneH BapnaaMOM, 6narogapa coot-BeTcTBuM nepBbix 6yKB, HegBycMbicneHHO gaeT noHaTb, hto b Kpe^eHuu oh 3Banca uMeHHO BacunueM, a He raepuunoM (ycneHcKHH 2017; ycneHcKHH, ycneHcKun 2017: 110-111). BnocnegcTBuu caMbiH Mnagmun u3 BHyKOB Bacunua III, chh rpo3Horo ^MuTpun YrnKHcKuH, 6ygeT Kpe^eH b necTb ^MuTpua ConyHcKoro13, a uMa cBaToro Yapa, Ha naMaTb KoToporo oh, cyga no BceMy, pogunca, gna ^peBuna ocTaHeTca gononHuTenbHMM, tohho TaK ®e, KaK 6bino gononHHrenbHbiM uMa raepuun gna ero gega u Tum - gna ero o^a. Mo^ho cKa3aTb, hto b gene xpucTuaHcKOH gByuMeHHocTu PropuKOBH^u b cBoe BpeMa OKa3anucb b nucne nepBbix, kto npuHan ^Ty cucTeMy, u ohu ®e goBonbHO paHO HanuHaroT ee Mogu$u^upoBaTb u orrecHaTb Ha nepu^epuro ceMeÖHO-pogoBoro o6u-xoga. B caMOM gene, oguH u3 Han6onee paHHux u3 u3BecTHbix HaM cnynaeB gBOHHoro uMeHOBaHua cBa3aH c $urypon ^MuTpua KoHcraHTuHOBHHa Cy3ganbcKoro, conepHuKa, pogcTBeHHuKa u TecTa ^MuTpna ^OHcKoro. y Hero KpecTunbHoe u guHacTH^ecKoe 12 ®0T0rpa^HH oKgaga h ero geTageö cm. b paSoTe: EaggHH, MaHymHHa 1996: 468-69, ugg. 411-16, 477, ugg. 424. OgHaKo HHTepecyro^aa Hac gpoSHH^ c H3oSpa®eHHeM anocToga Tura 3gect, k co^ageHHro, He BHgHa. 13 HBaH THMo^eeB npaMo yKa3tiBaeT Ha naTpoHaT cb. ^MHTpna CogyHCKoro: «^pyrHH cero SgarogecTHBaro ^pa ®eogopa SpaT, aKo 3ego geTopacgt, Ha BTopoe tokmo no ot^i ort po^eHHa geTo »H3HH ToMy HacTynHBmH, gBoeMaTepeH CKa3yeM no TogKy, CegyHCKoro MHpoTOH^a hmchh HapeneHHe cra^e...» (PHE XIII: 293; ^ep^aBHHa 1951: 28, g. 46 oS.-47). OSpaTHM BHHMaHHe, hto HMa ffMumpuü TaK^e nogBepraeTca 3gecb TogKoBaHHro h ocMticgaeTca KaK 'gBoeMaTepHHH' (^ep^aBHHa 1951: 460, npHMeg. 39). ®egop yeneHeKHH: PyccKaa xpHCTHaHCKaa gByHMeHHOCTt b <^HJ0jj0raHecK0H nepcneKTHBe 347 HMa 6mih CTporo pa3BegeHM - b Kpe^eHuu oh 3Baica Oomou, KHa^Hi nog ny6iun-hmm gHHacTHHecKHM HMeHeM ffMumpuu, a b HHonecTBe cgeiaica OedopoM (HCP. XI: 83). OgHaKO, KaK mm y6eguiucb Ha npuMepe Bacuina III, y^e k koh^ XV b. TaKaa gHCTpH6y^Ha 6biia cymecTBeHHo n0K0ie6ieHa. CTporo roBopa, bo3mo®ho ^TO ciynuiocb u paHbme, Korga Bbi6upaiu HMeHa gia o^a Bacuiua, kotopmh crai EeanoM u TuMo^eeM, ho y Hac HeT gocraroHHo gaHHbix, hto6m cygHTb HaBepHaKa, KaKoe H3 HMeH HBaHa III 6mio KpecruibHbiM. CTpeMacb npocieguTb ucTopuro ^Ton ^B0Iro^HH, ciegyeT ynecrb, hto ampono-HHMHnecKaa CHTya^Ha HBaHa rpo3Horo, 6ygynu b ^iom noxo^en Ha CHTya^Hro ero o^a, Bce ®e gaieKo He bo BceM en To^gecTBeHHa - eciu Bacuiun III HanpaMyro HMeHyeTca raepuunoM b go6poM gecaTKe TeKcTOB, to HBaH rpo3Hbin Ha3MBaeTca TumoM HecpaBHeHHo pe^e. B cy^HocTu, geio 3gecb cBogmca k HcTOHHHKaM Becb-Ma c^e^H$HHecKHM, cuMBoinHecKH oneHb Hacbi^eHHbiM, ho He npuHagie^amuM k nuciy Tex, rge ^uKcupyroTca npocTbie 0H0MacTHHecKue ^arcrbi. TumoM 6ygymun ^pb Ha3BaH, HanpuMep, b npoponecrae o ero po^geHuu, kotopmh npou3Hec CTape^ ^oMeHTHH b oTBeT Ha Bonpoc EieHM DiuHcKon «^kto uMaMt poguTu?»: Oh^ ®e, aKo ypogcTBya, riaroiame: «Tht, mupoKun yMt» (nCP. XXI/2: 629). B TeKcre HBaHa TuMo^eeBa (KaK u b «Ka3aHcKon ucTopuu») penb, HanoMHHM, u BoBce ugeT He o npaM0M uMeH0BaHuu rpo3Horo TumoM, a jiumb o $urype ynogoSieHua, conocTaBiaro^en ^pa c ero gpeBHUM Te3K0H - HMnepaTopoM Thtom. ,3,0cTaT0HH0 jih TaKoM ciynae y Hac 0cH0BaHun noiararb, hto HBaH rpo3Hbin b 6yKBaibH0M cMbicie cioBa 6mi b Mupy o6iagareieM uMeHu Tum? Hiu geio orpaHunuBaiocb oco6mm nonuTaHueM anocToia TuTa u cBoeo6pa3HbiM MapKupoBaHueM c noMombro ^T0^0 uMeHu gHa po^geHua ^pa? rpaHu^ Me^gy miho^hhoh xpucTuaHcKon gByuMeHHocrbro u npocraM no-HHTaHueM gByx ihhhmx narpoHaibHbix cBaTbix 0Ka3MBaeTca b ^Ty ^^oxy HeneTKon u pa3MMTon. B KanecTBe ucciegoBareibcKoro ^pHH^H^a mm BnpaBe nocTaHoBHTb, hto eciu ecTb xoTa 6m oguH TeKcT, rge HanpaMyro Ha3BaHo e^e ogHo xpucTuaHcKoe uMa KaKoro-iu6o ih^, a HeciynanHocTb sroro $aKTa nogKpeniaeTca HeKHMu Ma-TepuaibHMMu cBugeTeibcTBaMu (HanpuMep, cooTBeTCTByromuMu, BKiagaMu u t. n.), TO ^T0 IH^ Mo^eT cwrarbca HocuTeieM cBeTcKon xpucTuaHcKon gByuMeHHocTu, u HBaH / Tht rpo3Hbin, TaKHM 06pa30M, BnoiHe nognagaeT nog ^Ty Kareropuro. Koib cKopo ®e TaKoro TeKcTa HeT, to HecMoTpa Ha BcanecKue cBugeTeibcTBa 6iaronecTHBoro nonuTaHua He ogHoro, a gByx cBaTMx (nycTb ga^e oguH u3 hhx cBa3aH c gHeM po^geHna neioBeKa), mm Mo^eM roBopuTb iumb o Kyibre ihhhmx noKpoBHTeien, ho He o cBeTcKon xpucTuaHcKon gByuMeHHocTu. TaK o6ctoht geio, HanpuMep, c HBaH0M HBaH0BuneM, ogHHM u3 cTapmux cMH0Ben Tpo3Horo: KaK y^e roBopuiocb, H3o6pa®eHua cBaTMx, MapKa Ape^ycuncKoro u Kupuiia ^,uaK0Ha, npucyTcTByroT Ha cBa3aHH0M c hum apTe^aKTe, Ha geHb naMaTu ^THx cBaTMx no HeMy ycTpanBaroTca noMHHaibHbie KopMa, ogHaKo TeKcTa, rge caM ^apeBHH 3Baica 348 Slavistična revija, letnik 66/2018, št. 3, julij-september 6m MapKOM hih KupurnoM, b HameM pacnopa^eHuu HeT, a, ciegoBareibHO, cnuTarb ero o6iagareieM HecKoibKux xpucTuaHcKHx HMeH mm He Mo^eM. OgHaKO npugep^HBaacb gaHHoro nocTyiara, Heo6xoguMO Bce ®e noMHHTb, hto b hhmx cnynaax noiyneHHaa c ero noMombK) KapTUHa He coBceM coBnagaeT c peaibHbiM nono^eHueM gen: KaKon-To TeKcT, rge cogep^anocb HHTepecyro^ee Hac BTopoe hmh, Mor nonpocry He coxpaHHTbca. C gpyron cropoHM, ecnu nepeg HaMH ecTb egnHHHHbiH TeKcT, rge BTopoe xpncTnaHcKoe uMa Toro hih uHoro jih^ noaBiaeTca Jinmb b cocTaBe ciO^HOH pHTOpHHecKOH KOHCTpyKnHH, To rOBOpHTb o nOJHOneHHOH XpHCTHaHcKOH gByHMeHHocTH bo3mo®ho, ho numb c onpegejeHHon gonen coMHeHua. HMeHHo c TaKon curyanuen mm cTaiKHBaeMca b paccKa3e HBaHa TuMo^eeBa o npaBneHHH cMHa rpo3Horo, napa ®egopa MBaHOBuna (f 1598). npe^ge neM nepenru k paccMoTpeHHM HHTepecyM^ero Hac ^pamema OTMeTHM, hto napb noaBunca Ha cBeT 31 Maa 1557 r., OeóopoM oh 6mi HapeneH b necTb cb. ®egopa CrpaTHiara, Hba naMaTb OTMenaeTca 8 hmhj. !3to hmj, cKopee Bcero, Grano gja Hero KpecruibHbiM, bo bcakom cnynae, HMeHHo o6 ^TOM cBugeTeibcTByeT 3anucb b Kopmoboh KHure Tpo^e-CeprneBa MOHacTbipa, rge 8 hkhj Ha3BaHo HMeHHHaMH ^T0^0 rocygapa (KupnHeHKO, HuKonaeBa 2008: 219, i. 225; cp.: CaxapoB 1851: 80, 89), He roBopa y^e o xpaMOBbix nocBa^eHnax h MHoroHucieHHbix HKOHax ®egopa CrpaTHiara, c ®egopoM HBaHoBHneM HenocpegcTBeHHo cBa3aHHbix.14 Hocun ih napb, nogo6Ho OTny, gegy, npagegy hih MiagmeMy 6pary, e^e ogHo xpucTuaHcKoe hmh? npu®H3HeHHbra KopM no ®egopy HBaHOBuny gaBanca He TOib-ko Ha 8 HKHa, ho h Ha 31 Maa, Korga oh noaBunca Ha cBeT (ffla6iOBa 2012: 128, i. 208 o6., 210 o6., 380-81, npuMen. 297; cp. TaK^e: CaxapoB 1851: 79). B ^TOT geHb nepKoBb oTMenaeT naMaTb anocTona EpMa hih EpMua (h3 70-th) h MyneHHKa EpMua KoMaHcKoro. roBopa o6 HKOHorpa^uu He6ecHbix noKpoBHTeieñ, cnegyeT oTMeTHTb, hto BcKope nocne cMepTH napa ero cynpyra, napuna HpuHa rogyHOBa, ^epTByeT b ApxaHrenbcKHH co6op Mockobckoto KpeMia Kaguno, Ha kotopom H3o6pa®eHue ano-cTona EpMHa cocegcTByeT c H3o6pa®eHueM ®egopa CrpaTHiara, ihhhmx narpoHoB napunbi H paHo yMepmeñ napeBHbi ®eogocuu ®egopoBHbi (MapTbiHOBa 1999: 323, 330, hii. N 9, 334, npnMen. 26; MapTMHoBa 2002: 403-04). BecbMa cxogHbiñ Ha6op cBaTMx npegcraBjeH TaK^e h b gpo6Hunax nogBecHoñ neneHM koh. XVI b. k HKoHe «BoroMarepb TuxBHHcKaa», KOTOpbie TaK^e, no Bcen BuguMocru, cBa3aHM c napcKOH ceMben - 3gecb mm HaxoguM, cpegn nponux, ®egopa CrpaTHiara, BeiHKOMyneHHny HpnHy, npenogo6Hyro Oeogocnro u anocTona EpMua (BujKoBa 2003: 349-51, N» 123). HTaK, Hanuuo oco6hh noMHHajbHHH KopM b geHb po^geHua uapa u u3o6pa»:eHna ero nuHHoro naTpoHanbHoro cBaToro, Hba naMaTb b ^TOT geHb oTMenaeTca. Bonee Toro, b cBoe BpeMa HMeHHo ^TOT geHb, 31 Maa, 6mj H36paH gna BeHHaHHa ®egopa HBaHoBuna Ha ^pcrao b 1584 r. (nCP.n XXXIV: 230; XXIX: 220), hto egBa jih mo^ho cnecTb npocTMM coBnageHueM. 14 O narpoHaTe cb. ®egopa CrpaTunaTa cm. nogpo6Hee: MeibHHK 1999: 42-44; .HTBHHa, ycneHcKun 2006: 616-17. ®egop yeneHeKHH: PyccKaa xpHCTHaHCKaa gByHMeHHOCTt b <^HJ0jj0raHecK0H nepcneKTHBe 349 H erga npucneBmy gHro Ha naMaTb cBaToro anocTona EpeMua u cBaTaro MyHeHuKa EpbMua Maua b 31 geHb, b oh »e 6bicTb po»eHue ero ^pbCKoro BenuHecTBua, u noBene BenuKuu rocygapb ^pb u BenuKuu KHa3b Oegop HBaHoBuHb Bcea Pycu caMogep:®e^t Torga b HaBeHepuu gHu Toro b co6opHou ^pKBu Murpononury neTu BceHo^Hoe 6geHue <...> H Maua Bt 31 geHb, b cegMyro Hegenro nocne BenuKa gHu, BenuKuu rocygapb ^pb u BenuKuu KHa3b Oegop HBaHoBuHb Bcea pycu caMogep^e^t Bbimen b 3onoTyro nonaTy Ha TpeTbeMt Hacy gHu... (nCPH XXIX: 220).15 OgHaKo b cooTBeTCTBHH c HamuM nocTynaroM o pemaromeH ponu npaMoro nucb-MeHHoro CBugeTenbCTBa ^Tux gaHHbix Bce »e HegocTaroHHo, hto6m roBopuTb o tom, hto EpMuü (EpM) 6bino btopmm xpucTuaHCRuM uMeHeM napa ®egopa. B cy^HocTu, «BpeMeHHuK» HBaHa TuMo^eeBa - eguHCTBeHHbiH u3BecTHbiH HaM TeKcT, kotopmh b cocToaHuu 3anonHuTb gaHHMH npo6en b cBoeo6pa3HoM oHoMa-cranecKoM gocbe napa. Ha nepBbiH B3rnag, BnpoHeM, Mo»eT noKa3aTbca, hto aBTop «BpeMeHHuKa» ucnonb3yeT npuMeHuTenbHo k npeeMHuKy HBaHa Tpo3Horo TonbKo oómeroBecTHoe 0edop u uMeHHo gna Hero rogO^aer ageKBaTHoe TonKoBaHue: «u Ba^un ero no TonKy 6o»ua cu gapa CTa»a uMa