^eTeae aeMOHa y c^obchckom	h
KKH%eBHOCTHMa 19. BeKa
ffejan AjdanuH
The author analyses the characteristics of the flight of demons in the folklore and 19th century literature of the Eastern and Southern Slavs.
■eTeae aeMoHa npoH3Hia3H H3 nyaecHHx moRh HeayacKor 6nha aa ce, HacynpoT ayacKoj cnopocTH h Be3aHOCTH 3a 3eMaHHy noBpmHHy, 6p3O h jiaKO Kpehy Kpo3 He6ecKH npocTop h caBiaaaBajy BpeMe. y npeacraBH ieTeaa HeayacKHx 6nha ce He onoHama aHTponoMop^Ho KpeTaae, oho je y HapoaHHM npeacTaBaMa HaiHK ieTeay nrana h HHceKaTa, ieTeay He6ecKHx Teia (Hnp. oraeHH MeTeopH), hih BpeMeHcKHx Henoroaa (bhxoph). y ^oikiophhm TeKcToBHMa jieT aeMoHa Moxe aa ce aHaiH3Hpa ca THnoiomKor hih reHeTHHKor cTaHoBHmTa, y npeacTaBaMa o KoHKpeTHoM aeMoHy h aeroBoM MecTy npeMa apyrHM aeMoHHMa yHyTap ioKaiHe, HanHoHaiHe hih cBecioBeHcKe TpaaHnHje, npeMa BepoBaaHMa h pmyaiHHM 3HaneaHMa, HaneiHMa xaHpoBcKor o6iHKoBaaa. CTaaHjaiHocT BepoBaaa o aeMoHHMa, ciojeBHTocr h HecTa6HiH3oBaHHx aHxoBHx oaiHKa y 3anHcHMa eraorpa^a h ^oiKiopHcra oapaxaBa ce h y pa3iHHHTHM mhtckhm Be3aMa aHxoBor ieTa ca npHpoaHHM h ayacKHM aora^aaHMa. HaK h jeaaH hcth aeMoH y 3anHcHMa pa3iHHHTe cTapocTH Moxe aa jieTH Ha pa3iHHHTe HanHHe, a KaTKaaa pa3iHwm aeMoHH Mory aa ieTe Ha cimaH hih hcth HanHH. 3aTo je y obom npHiory nperiea THnoBa ieTeaa HenHcrax cTBopeaa pa3aeaeH TaKo aa ce Hajnpe yKa3yje Ha ieT BHia (caMoaHBa) h 3MajeBa, a noToM Ha nojaBe ieTa y KojHMa ce jaBaajy pa3iHHHTH aeMoHH: He6ecKe Henoroae, ayme noKojHHx, cKynoBH aeMoHa. TaKaB npHcTyn y nearap naxae cTaBaa aBa Haneia: Hajnpe aeMoHcKe aKTepe, a noToM ^yHKUHoHaiHo pa3MaTpaae KojHM ce y apyrH niaH nocTaBaa aKTHBHocT nojeaHHa^HHx aeMoHa. HeT aeMoHa y Be3H ca HenoroaaMa, aymaMa noKojHHx h aeMoHcKHM cKynoBHMa, 36or cioxeHocTH h KoHTaMHHauHja ^oikiophhx npeacTaBa 3axTeBaio 6h noce6Ha pa3MaTpaaa ycMepeHa Ha peKoHcTpyKnHjy npBo6HTHHx npeacTaBa. Hoie noy3aaHHjH 3aKay^H o pa3Bojy mhtckhx npeacTaBa o ieTy aeMoHa noapa3yMeBaiH 6h MoryhHocT aa ce pa3rpaHHne cTaaHjyMH h ciojeBH mhtckhx npeacTaBa, aa ce yone HanHHH ^HKnHoHaiH3anHje y ^oiKiopHHM XaHpoBHMa.
y HcnHTHBaaHMa KaaxeBHHx TeKcToBa ca mothbom ieTa aeMoHa naxaa Moxe 6hth ycMepeHa h Ha oaHoce npey3eTor MHTcKor h KaaxeBHor 3Haneaa, HHTepTeKcTyaiHe Be3e caMHx KaaxeBHHx aeia, acneKTe ^aaracTHKe h ap.
BHHE H3 BepoBaaa h yMoTBopHHa 6aiKaHcKHx CioBeHa 6Hie cy npeaMeT MHToiomKHx pa3MaTpaaa TpHMa, XaHyma, A^aHacjeBa h apyrHx y 19. BeKy. OHe cy Kao
HeTeae ^eMOHa y ca0BeHCK0M ^oiKiopy h KaHxeBHocTHMa 19. BeKa
6nha BHxopHe npHpofle noBe3aHe ca cioBeHCKHM Tpomobhhkom, HacieflHHKoM HHfloeBponcKor Bora Myaa (A^aHacjeB, 3: 152-154). npeMa eTHMoaomKHM peKOHCTpyKUHjaMa MomHHCKor BHie cy flo6Hie HMe ofl *viti, vihr (Dukova 1983). OHeBajc cMaTpa fla cy BHie npBo6HTHo 6Hie fleMoHH Henorofla. nioTHHKoBa je HcnmyjyhH cioBeHCKy ocHoBy *viti yKa3aia h Ha fleMoHCKe acneKTe KpeTaaa BHia (nioTHHKoBa 1996). CaMo HMe BHia o6iaKHaa, o6nanuu,a, oTKpHBa aHxoBo He6ecKo nopeKio. BHie h caMoBHie ce y npeflaaHMa npeflcraB^ajy Kao BeTap (Bp&xhhobckh, 2-4). y 6aiaflaMa o bhihhom rpa^eay rpafla ofl Kocrajy, y HeKHM BapHjaaraMa ce Kao pa3opHa cTHxnja HaBoflH BeTap. HBaHHHKa reopraeBa je, naK, yo^Hia rpaHHnaH CTaTyc 6nha Koja caMoflHBe (BHie) yrpa^yjy y CBoj rpafl - CTapnH, HeBecTe, flena, HcnpomeHe, HeBemaHe fleBojKe (reopraeBa 1993: 156).
^eMHToiorH3annja iHKa BHia 6Hia je tokom BeKoBa ycMepeHa Ha pa3rpaflay npBoÖHTHHx npeflCTaBa, h Ha ry6^eae xHBoTHacKHx npTa (cMpafl, KonHTa), o6eiexja npnpoflHHx cTHXHja (bhxop, BeTap). KaKo cy ce nojanaBaie fleBoja^Ke npTe BHia, oHe cy flo6Hjaie h eieMeHT KojH hx pa3iHKyje ofl i.yflH - "KpHia h oKpH^a". KpHia h okphm h y HapoflHoj KyiTypH ry6e 3Haneae, fleMHToiorrayjy ce h npeTBapajy y oÖHHHe npeflMeTe ca nyflecHHM MohHMa - Komyiy hih KoiaH. y necMaMa h npeflaaHMa o bhih i.y6oBnH, BHia oflieTH ofl Myxa H3 Koia Kafla Ha npeBapy floÖHje tohobo KpHia. y KaHxeBHHM npeoöpaxajHMa BHiHHa Moh Moxe 6hth canyBaHa y bhihhom Beiy, KojH, HaKo CBefleH Ha peaiaH npeflMeT, caflpxH MHTCKy aiy3HBHocT. BHia floiehe h ofliehe ofl CBor ayöaBHHKa h y KpaTKHM MHToiomKHM 6aiaflaMa o 3aHeMapeHoj xeHH.
BHie ce BeoMa necTo jaB^ajy y noeTCKHM h flpaMCKHM TeKCToBHMa cpncKor poMaHTH3Ma, Kao aieropHjcKH npeflCTaB^eHe 3amTHTHHue HanHoHaiHe noe3Hje, 3amTHTHHue Hapofla hih Kao jtyöaBHHne. HeoÖHHHa je KaHxeBHo-HCTopHjcKa HHaeHHna fla y paHopoMaHTHnapcKHM KaHxeBHHM TeKCToBHMa BHie nojaBiyjy y ^yHKqHjaMa Koje ce He cpehy y ^oikiophhm TeKCToBHMa, a fla ce flonHHje aHxoBa ^oiKiopHa flHMeH3Hja nojanaBa.
y noe3HjH cpncKHx poMaaranapa BHie cy necTo Ha3HBaHe no niaHHHaMa -ABaiKHaa, KocMajKa, OpymKoropKa. BHie ieTe h flo 3Be3fla - HohHo He6o Kao fleMoHCKo flo6a je npeoöpaxeHo y CBeTiocHe i^a^eBe, 3Be3fle Koje oimaBajy necHHmTBo. fterom y aieropHjcKoj necMH UpHoropau 3apoö^eH o^ BHie npHKa3yje jyHaKa KaKo ieTH Ha ia6yfly ca uBeTHHM BeHneM H3a BHie Koja ra boah Ka HoBheHy fla 6h My y nehHHH noKa3aia ciaBHy cpncKy HCTopHjy. y Kpyry naraHCKe MHToiorHje BHie caKyn^ajy Myae h rpoMoBe (3Maj, noHeapH). HanHoHaiHo-pofloay6HBe BHie H3 necMe JoBaHa JoBaHoBHha ieTe h noMaxy cpncKHM paaeHHnHMa. CioxeHo npeniHTaae HapoflHHx npeflCTaBa ca hobhm noeTCKHM ciojeBHMa KaTKafla floBoflH flo noTnyHor npe3Haneaa ^oikiophhx H3BopHHKa. TaKo ce y 3MajeBoj necMH o bhih AHflocHiH, Kojoj y upkbh pacTy KpHia, cnajajy naraHCKe h xpHmhaHCKe npeflCTaBe.
BapHpaae niaToHoBCKHx npeflCTaBa o ieTy flo BHmHx BpeflHocTH ociaaa ce Ha ^oiKiopHe npeflCTaBe BHia Kao i>y6aBHHna. y Cy6oTHheBoM cneBy HBa^CKa Hoft, BHia 3a^y6^eHa y noBeKa pa3aneTa je H3Me^y CBor h aeroBor CBeTa. OHa ce nac cnymTa Ka 3eM^H, a nac je cpne Byne y o6iaKe. y BeiHKoM 6pojy ihpckhx jty6aBHHx necaMa cpncKHx poMaHTHnapa Haia3e ce h oHe y KojHMa ce onHcyje bhihh ieT (KocTHh, 3Maj, fflannaHHH, Cy6oTHh, BopojeBHh). nofle^eHocT npocTopa Ha ropaH h floaH cBeT, Kao cBeToBe HHxe h BHme er3HCTeHnHje y MoTHBy ieTa BHia-flpare pa3BHja ce h Kpo3 Hflejy y3Homeaa noBeKa y BHme npocTope.
.hk BHae ce cnaja h ca jyHaKOM cpncKe enHKe y KaHxeBHHM TpaHC^opMannjaMa mhtckhx npeacTaBa o Pe^H KpHaaTHnH/KpHaaTHhy. y MnayTHHOBHheBOM aeay Pa3HOBHflje BBTe^TBa, BHaa Pe^H aaje KpHaa aa 6h cnacao MapKa h MHaoma H3 Mopa. ^eenH3annja HcTopHje y3 aHpH3anHjy enHKe h aeHHx jyHaKa HaraameHa je poMaHTHnapcKa npTa y noe3HjH yjeaHaeHe oMaaaHHe cpncKe. y TeKcTy .a3e KocTHha He^o bh^hho, cpncKa BHaa aeTH Hohy h naHBa no Mopy cHoBa Mecmy ¿de neua Kywnux CHoea, Ha deop Äasapee. necHHK aeTa^HMa KoHKpeTHo onHcyje to "npraeM^eae": Cmpecna je Kpuna, pacnycmuna Kocy. Buna odnehe Ha ronem nnaHuHy, Ha H>y donehy HenpujamefoCKe xypuje, euna odnehe ca nposopa rpanaHuue Kad yzneda Mumm Tonnuuy u ceoje nedo. Tokom 6oja euna KpunuMa crnrn saMaxHe: ffa crnrn nnaHyme ma nnaoeuma Kpuna, u paseeje mypcKu jad no cpncKuM jyHauuMa. y caoxeHoM aaeropHjcKoM TKaay ay6aB h ay6oMopa BHae h aeHe KhepH ynaeTeHa je y HcropHjcKe aay3Hje Ha nopa3 cpncKe BojcKe Ha KocoBy.
BHaa Kao 3amTHTHHna noe3Hje, HacaeaHHna My3a, TaKo^e ce jaB^a Kao 6Hhe Koje aeTH. y necMH noöpn J. J. .a3a Kocmh npenaHhhy ce cHM6oaH noeTcKe HHcnHpanHje H3 aHTHHKe MHToaorHje (KpHaaTH Koa nera3) ca eaeMeHTHMa poMaHTHnapcKe HHTepnpeTanHje ae^oaKaopraoBaHHx BHaa. KocTHheBa necMa Me^y 3Be3^aMa npeacTaB^a aeT necHHKa ca BHaoM Koja ra BoaH no Bace^eHH ca 3Be3aaMa noe3Hje. necHHK oTKpHBa aa je npmaa^Ha aeBojKa aeroBa MajKa, BHaa ra npeno3Ha Kao cHHa: a u3 6enux u3 paMeHa / noHuKome 6ena Kpuna: / mo je 6una - Moja eum.
BHaa ra noHece Kao nBeT y npocTope Bace^eHe h aeTH no cBeMHpy, no eTHpy. MoaH^HKanHja ^oaKaopHe npeacTaBe o BHaaMa ocao6a^a ce npocropHHx rpaHHna cBeTa KojH je no3HaT HapoaHoM noBeKy h mHpH ce y kocmhhkh npocTop. y 3MajeBoj necMH KaKaB je ^aHac ^aH, noBoaoM npeHoca BpaHKoBHx KocTHjy BHae HHHe npHpoay aenmoM h cjajHHjoM: Had ¿naeoM HaM nehy nemoM HeeudoeHuM.
AaeropraanHja h cHM6oaraanHja BHaa y cpncKoM poMaHTH3My HMa h KacHHje oapa3e y noe3HjH Ha npeaoMy BeKoBa, a y Maaoj MepH cpehe ce h y 6yrapcKoj h xpBaTcKoj KaHxeBHocTH.
3A^yB^EHH 3MAJ oTHMa aeBojKy - aeTH (MHaaaHHoBnH 13, 14, 527) y 36HpnH HaHeBa 3Mej ropeHHH Kao TeMeH o6aaK oaHocH aeBojKy Beay (HaHeB, 277), CTojaHy (279), flparaHy (320). npeacTaBe o 3a^y6^eHoM 3Majy cpehy ce h y HapoaHHM npeaaaHMa (neHymaHcKH 1971: 291; P. PaaeHKoBHh, 3). ^eTe po^eHo ca KpHaHMa y MaKeaoHcKoM npeaaay nocTaHe 3Maj KojH Kaaa nopacTe oTHMa aeBojKy (npeaaHHja h aereHaH: 242).
y 6ajKaMa h npeaaaHMa 3MajeBH oTHMajy aeBojKe. 3Maj rpa6H aeBojKy h y npeaaaHMa (BpaxHHoBcKH, 20). y npHnoBenH H3 ByKoBe 36HpKe Hap^aK hh Ha Heöy hh Ha 3eM^H 3Maj oaHocH aeBojKy. Kad je cejemnocm nocmam, eudu oh a mo donemu Kpunam noejeK, cmpamaH, ca mpu ¿naee, a u3 jedrn My je ¿naeu eaeujeK nnaMeH sa nnaMeHoM ydapao. Oh cnemu y ¿pad, nonaHe uapeey Khep u odHeceje co6om (HajKaHoBHh, 14). nojaBa 3Maja Moxe ce aa Be3yje 3a BeTap HaH BaTpy (sMaj od mecm ¿naea, a cee us meea eampa cun^e HajKaHoBHh 16-38). 0 3MajeBHMa oTMHnapHMa y ^oaKaopy h BepoBaaHMa 6aaKaHcKHx CaoBeHa nHcaaH cy 3eneBHh (1981: 68-72), reopraeBa (1993), BHHorpaaoBa (1996a: 212-214)
3Maj, xaaa h aaMja Hajnemhe ce 3aMHm^ajy h npeacTaB^ajy Kao orpoMHe 3MHje ca KpHaHMa. TpoTecKHo Memaae pa3aHHHTHx xHBoTHaa cpehe ce y HeKHM npeacTaBaMa aaMje ca ncehoM raaBoM (aaMja KynKa/KynKeTHHa). KpHaaTH KoaH TaKo^e HMajy
neMOHCKe oaaHKe. HeT 3Maja KOHCTpacTHpa ca ayacKHM orpaHHHeHHM MohHMa caBaaaaBaaa npocTopa. Ha npHMepy cpncKe enHKe OHnraeaHO je npepacTaae jeaHor MHTonomKor 6nha y jyHaHKH aHK (MHaomeBHh-Eop^eBHh 1971: 88). y cpncKOj necMH Uapuua Munuua u 3Maj od Jacmpenua onncyje ce 6aeanao napnne KOjy 3Maj Ha Kyan ay6n, aoK My 3Maj aecnoT-ByK He oacene raaBy (Kapaynh, 2, 42). TyManehn caojeBe y OBOj necMH, cMaTpa aa ce y aoj npenanhy eaeMeHTH HeKe HaMa HenO3HaTe npKBeHe nOBecTH, caHHHe nOBecTH O neTpy h OeBpoHHjn - O HeMy cy nncaan jOm A^aHacjeB h EycaaeB ca eaeMeHTHMa HapoaHHx BepoBaaa O 3Majy ayöaBHHKy.
y pmyaaHOM TyManeay mothb OTMHne aeBojKe npoH3Haa3H H3 HHHnHjannjcKor oaBajaaa Koje O3HanaBa npHBpeMeHy cmpt aeBojKe (npon 1990: 373 na.; CrojaHOBHh 1996: 99).
HEEECKE HEnOEOflE H flEMOHH fleMOHraannja kocmhhkhx h MeTepeoaomKHx Henoroaa npeacTaB^a ce Kao aejcTBO OTeaoTBopeHHx nan HeBHa^HBHx 6nha aeMOHcKe npnpoae.
naa MeTeopa Hapoa TyMaHH Kao nojaBy oraeHor 3Maja. y CpncKOM pjeHHHKy ByK Kapaynh nnme: 3a 3Maja naK Mucnu ce da je Kao ozweeum jynaK, od Koeza y nehewy ozaw odcKahe u ceujemnu (Kapaynh 1852: *ana). y Ka3HBaay H3 ncTOHHe Cp6nje Kaaa y Hohn yraeaajy H3HeHaaaH cjaj "KaKO 3ana^eHO noBecMo" 6a6a aeBojnn noKpHBa raaBy aa He raeaa. nocne mu eenu: Eme, moj je 3Mej, aKo Hecu 3Hana caz cu eudena KaKo nemu u KaKo ce cuja. (P. PaaeHKOBnh, 2). H yKpajHHnn Bepyjy aa 3Maj y aeTy ocTaB^a ncKpe h cjaj (yKpajHHnn: 426).
y pycKoj npnHH o TajHoj ay6aBH BepoBaae o MeTeopy Kao 3Majy KopncTe jyHann aa 6h npnKpnan cBojy 3a6paaeHy ayöaB. H y Tono^HHOM KOMaay Hapa HaBoan ce HapoaHa npeacTaBa o 3Majy Kojn y oray naaa c He6a. Meaoanja 3Maj H3 36npKe yKpajHHCKe Me^o^Hje 3anoHHae cyrecTHBHHM o6pahaaeM rpynn: noznedajme! TaMo/HeKo ce Kpehe Ka HaMa. CBeTan o6jeKT Kojn ce ca 6aecKOM h penoM cnymTa y3 TpecaK onncaH je Kao naa MeTeopa, mTO je necHHK o6jacHHO y 6eaemKaMa y3 necMy, a TeK noTOM ce ca3Haje HapoaHO o6jamaeae To je 3Maj, 6eda!/ Oh je nenomaH.
Ana (xaaa) H3a3HBa noMpaneae CyHna (3eneBnh 1981: 65; EeoprneBa 1993: 121; naoTHHKOBa 1997: 6). y xomo^ckom cpe3y, npn noMpaneay Mecena Bepyjy aa aae ca aBe raaBe h mecT npcrajy jeay Mecen, nan aa cy nere Ha Meceny TparoBH yjeaa aaa. (MHaocaB^eBHh 1914: 397-398, 401).
BpeMeHcKe Henoroae y HapoaHHM BepoBaaHMa ce aoxHB^aBajy Kao 6op6a pa3opHor aeMOHa ca aeMOHOM 3amTHTHHKOM. ApeaaHO ncnHTHBaae HMeHOBaaa aeMOHa Kojn Boae oayjHe o6aaKe H3Beaa je Ha 6aaKaHcKocaoBeHcKoj rpa^H AHa naoTaHKOBa, yKa3yjyhn Ha anxoBe pa3aHHHTe Ha3HBe 3amTHTHHKa aoKaaHHx yceBa: 3ayxaH (HepneroBHHa, npnMopje), 3Maj, BeTpoBaaK (3anaaHa Cp6nja), o6aanap (CpeM), BpHMeaaK (HnKa) (naoTHHKOBa 1998).
Ca aaMjoM ce 6ope h Konnae (CTonaoB 1925, 236, 251) h cBenn. He cMe ce y3HeMHpaBaTH Teao HOBeKa o6aapeHor MohHMa aa ce cynpoTcTaBH oayjHHM o6aanHMa, jep oh Hehe Mohn aa ce BpaTH y cBoje Teao. CBeTH Hanja nyna rpoMOBHMa Ha aay y CKoncKoj H,pHoj ropn (At. neTpoBHh CE3 54, 1939: 408, 502). y MaKeaoHcKOM npeaaay 3MajeBH nan 3MajeBH h aaMje ce cyKo6^aBajy oko 6epnheTa (npeaaHHja h aereHan: 224). O 6op6n 3MajeBa h aaMjn (npeaaHHja h aereHan: 224, 239; Bpsxhhobckh, 16, 17, 23, 24). y 6yrapcKHM ^oaKopHHM TeKcTOBHMa xaaa (C6Hy 9:126; 30:63) h aaMja (C6Hy 4,
112-3; 12: 160; 30:66) ce Beayjy aa rpaa h HeBpeMe. npeMa BepoBaaHMa Ha AaeKcHHanKor noMopaB^a neTao ce 6opH ca rpaaHoM aaoM (AaroHHjeBHh 1971: 196).
y HapoaHHM BepoBaaHMa h ^oaKaopHHM TeKcToBHMa aae ce Beayjy aa npHe, rpaaHe o6aaKe h paaopHe BeTpoBe, aaH cy npeacTaB^eHe y paaamm-HM o6aHnHMa: Kao aMHja, 6a6a. y onHcy Ha KeB^eaHjcKe Kaae aaMja ce onHcyje Kao jeaepcKo 6Hhe c eenuKuM neaycmuMa, eenumM sy6uMa u jesuKoM, c KpunuMa, c nemupu nože u dyzanKuM penoM (TaHoBHh 1927: 311). Ce^anH Ha .eBna Bepyjy: Ana-je Kao neKa eenuKa u zpy6a3Mujypuna ca eenuKuM KpunuMa. Ona npedeodu zpado6umne o6naKe u onyjne eempoee. Ona 6opaeu y eenuKoj eodu, omKyda u usnehe (MHjaTOBHh 1909: 449). y necMH Ha HpHaena o MopcKoj aaMjH Koja ryTa MapKoBo aeTe, y jeaHoM cTHxy HeMaH ce HaaHBa eemepna naMja (fflanKapeB, 1: 93). y öajKaMa ce aeaHMHHHo npeo6aHKyje HeöecKa npHpoaa aMajeBa h jyHaKa KojH hx noöe^yjy. y HeKHM HapoaHHM npeaaaHMa h necMaMa cBenH ce 6ope ca aaMjaMa h aMajeBHMa - CBeTH HaHja (ca jiaMjoM, MoaoB 1996: 27), CBeTH Rop^e (Jypaj) ca a^aajoM HaH aMajeM.
y D,pHoj TopH Bepyjy aa cy aayxa^H aamTHTHHUH oa HeBpeMeHa h oayja (Pobhhckh 1994: 353-356). KaHxeBHe o6paae MoTHBa cyKoöa HeöecKHx aeMoHa HHcy necTe. y npmH CHMe MaTaBy^a 3^yxan, ^paHnycKoM o^HnHpy y ocTaBnH, npaTHaan h npHnoBeaan noTaHKo o6jamaaBa HapoaHa BepoBaaa o aayxa^HMa, moph, aa 6h totom 6ho h cBeaoK KaKo MHhhyH, aayxan MaaaHh, oTroHH HeBpeMe oa cBor ceaa. TpnaheB o6aanap ca^HaeH je Ha ochobh roro^eBcKor noHrpaBaaa peaaHHM h (^aaracTHKoM ca eaeMeHTHMa xyMopa. y npHHH y tocthohhhh ko^ no^y3Be3^e Ha HMemaH maHTaBor Topöapa aeMoH HaTepa maHTaBor Top6apa aa nporyTa heBan, aa 6h ce nocae Tora ocBecTHo oceTHBmH Kan^Hne Ha aajeaHHHKoM nyTy Kpoa o6aaKe. OHeo6HneHH aeTa^H yaaHaaaa h npexHBmBaaa Top6apa aajy TpnHheBoM npHnoBeaaay xHBonHcHocT. O6aanap ce Top6apy yKaayje y cBenaHoj oaopH h nyHoj MohH h noKaayje My BenHH rpaa h BenHH cHer. Kao y npHHH H3ry6^eHo ühcmo Ha a6HpKe Benepn y ceoueTy Kpaj ^HKaaKe, Ham npHnoBeaan Ha Kpajy npHHe "oBepaBa" hcthhhtoct KaaaHor ynyhHBaaeM Ha xeHy Koja he noTBpaHTH nyaa.
Hopea aMajeBa, aaa, aaMjH, aayxana, BeTpeaaKa, o6aaKe Boae h rpa6aHnHjamH (KapayHh 1852: *BpaHHo Koao), TaTomH (BaajHh-HonoBHh 1996). y .o6opy Bepyjy aa: Uonepnuue neme y Maznu no spaKy; Mozy ce ceaKojaKo npeo6pasumu; zpade myny u eurne ux ce dozoeapa, KaMo he je nocnamu (KoTapcKH 3HX 23:49). Ha BaaKaHy je aa Bemrane y Behoj MepH Hero aa HcronHocaoBeHcKe eedMu KapaKTepHcTHHHa Beaa ca npHpoaHHM cTHxnjaMa (CaaB. apeBHocTH 1996: 368).
y MaTaBy^eBoj npHHH HeBp^HHo 3^ohhhctbo HeypaBHoTexeHH nHjaHan ra^a o6aaKe MHcaehH aa y aHMa BHaH BemTHne.
JYMA flEMOHA. flymy aeMoHa Moxe aa npeacTaB^a HeKa Maaa nraua h^h HHceKT. y 6ajKaMa jyHaK Ha npeBapy caaHaje rae je caKpHBeHa cHara HaH xhbot aMaja h y6Hja je. .enrap Haaehe Ha Teaa BaMnHpa Kora y6Hjajy (npHnoBeTKa MHaoBaHa TaHmHha noc^e ^eBe^eceT ro^HHa), Kao h Ha BemTHne Koja cnaBa (Rop^eBHh 1953: 6, 7, 20, 27Ha, 43, 47). y BepoBaaHMa ce HaraamaBa Hy^aa yHHmTaBaaa aeMoHcKe ayme, jep noBeKy npeTH onacHocT aKo He yHHmTH aeMoHa y noTnyHocTH.
fleMoHH y ^y^CKoM o6amjy npeacTaB^ajy Jtyae po^eHe Ha HeKH Heyo6majeH HanHH (y Komy^HnH, ya MajnHHy cmpt), HMajy 6eaer KojH yKaayje Ha aHxoBe HeayacKe oco6HHe HaH npeacTaB^ajy oxHB^eHe noKojHHKe. AarponoMop^He oaaHKe aeMoHa KojH Mory aa aeTe necro npaTH paaaBajaae Teaa h ayme.
RaBO ce npeacTaB^a Kao 6nhe Koje aeTH y HeKoaHKHM ^oaKaopHHM TeKCTOBHMa - y npHnaMa o ^aBoay h aeroBOM yneHHKy ^aBO ce npeTBapa h y nrane. BemTHne ce npeTBapajy y nenepuuy (aearapa) HaH KOKomKy (Pobhhckh 1994: 349). ByK KapayHh y PjenHHKy 6eaexH: Bjemmuu^a ce soee wena Koja (no npunoeujemKüMa napodnuM) umü y ce6u nemrne fyaeoncKu dyx, Koju y cny us ne usufye u cmeopu ce y nenupa, y kokom unu hypKy, nanemu no KyhaMa u jedejbyde, a oco6umoMany djeuy (KapayHh 1852: *BjemTHna). fla 6h ce OTKpHaa BemTHna Ba^a H3BecTH nponHcaHe paaae h H3roBopHTH MarHjcKe penH. HajKaHOBHh cMaTpa aa cy cTapHHcKa h ayTeHTHnHa caMO aBa o6aHKa y KojHMa ce BemTHne jaB^ajy - aearap h arana (HajKaHOBnh 1994, 5: 217). BaMnHp ce npeTBapa y aenrapa (HajKaHOBnh 1994, 5: 205). KaKO 6h ce yHHmTHO BaMnHp Mopa ce y6HTH h aearap koj'h H3aeTH H3 aeroBHx ycTa. Mopa ce npeTBapa y aearapa HaH KOKom (Mopa ce eyuapa no nohu y eudy pasnux wueomuwa, nonajeuMe y eudy nenmupoea, Rop^eBHh 1953: 224).
Ha CKynOBE flEMOHA aeTe BemTHne h ^aBoaa BemTHne jyxHHx h hctohhhx CaoBeHa (eedbMa) aeTe Ha cBoje cacTaHKe Kaaa ce HaMaxy Mamhy. CaMO y ayxnnKHM npeaaaHMa, Kao Koa 3anaaHoeBponcKHx Hapoaa, cKynoBH BemTHna ce oaBHjajy Ha BaanyprHHy Hoh. no^anH, HecH h CaoBanH cy BepoBaaH aa ce OHe cKyn^ajy Ha Cb. JaHy HaH Cb. HynHjy. npeMa 3anHcy KoTapcKor Uonepnuue dpwe cjednuuy na BenuKu nemaK nohy. Cmon uMajy na cMpeKu, Ka je npes eepxynua (KoTapcKH 3HR 23: 50). BemTHne Koa CaoBeHa HaMa3aBmH ce H3aehy Kpo3 oyaK h cKyn^ajy ce Ha apBehy - xpacTy, KpymKH, jeaH TonoaH, 6pe3H, Ha pacKpcHHnaMa, y cpncKHM BepoBaaHMa - Ha noMemnoM h MjedenoM (6aKapHOM) ryMHy (CaaB. apeBHocTH 1996: 300; HajKaHOBHh: 218-9). y xBaaHcaay To6oxae BemTHne y HjeromeBOM Topckom BHjeHuy cnoMHay ce cKynoBH Ha MjedenoM zyMny. y cnHcy PoBHHcKor o D,pHoj EopH HaBoaH ce aa ce BemTHne cKyn^ajy Ha MjeaeHOM ryBHy H3Me^y HeBecHaa h EanKor: CKynaajyhu ce maMo, one ce nenuM naMawy, u mo um noMawe da Mozy nemjemu. Äemehu, one uszoeapajy: Hu o dpeo, nu o KaMen; ucnod mpna, ucnod dpane, nez y noae nod opax na Mjedeno zyeno (Pobhhckh 1994: 349). MHaeHKO OmHnoBHh y TeKcTy "EaKapHO HaH MjeaeHO ryMHo" o6jamaaBa KaKO cy 3apaBHH Ha KojHMa cy Ton^eHe pyae ocTaae y cBecTH Hapoaa Be3aHe 3a aeMOHe, naK h Kaaa je H3ry6^eHa Be3a h Kaaa HH^opMaropH HHcy yMeaH aa o6jacHe 3Haneae penH Meden (OamnoBHh 1959). Koaa HexoTHnHO HaMa3aHa BemTHnjoM Mamhy oaaeTe Ha Bpx KpymKe (HajKaHOBnh, 180; Ba^aBen: 245?; KoTapcKH 3HR 23:49). BemTHne Mory aa aeTe h Ha BpaTHay.
y CpncKOM pjenHHKy ce H3BemTaBa KaKO ce y XpBaTcKoj npHnoBeaa aa ce OHe cKyn^ajy Ha KaeKy BHme OryaHHa (Kapayah 1852: *BjemTHna). y npHnH H3 pyKonHcHe 36HpKe CHMeoHa Rypaha BemTHna cayry Maxe cBojoM Mamhy, npeTBapa y Koaa h Ha aeMy jame na KneK, unu na Bene6um, unu na njeMeeuuy (HajKaHOBHh, 181). BemTHne Mory aa aeTe y aycnH oa jajeTa, mTO ce TyManH yTHnajeM ca 3anaaa. y KaH3H YroBop c ^aB^OM BaaaHMHp Eajep je H3Heo hh3 aoKyMeHaTa o nporoHHMa BemTHna, y KojHMa ce Kao rpecH ocy^eHHx xeHa HaBoae h oaryxße h npH3Haaa KaKO cy ce BemTHne aeTeae Ha cacTaHaK Ha naaHHHaMa MeaBeaHHnH h KaeKy, KaKO hx je Bpar BO3HO y KonHjH
(EomKOBHh-CTyaH 1991: 126).
Ca6aT HaH ma6am Kao ca6opHmTe aeMOHa noTHne H3 3anaaHHx HHKBH3HnHjcKnx h aHTHceMHTcKHx KpyroBa. KoHpaa H3 Map6ypra H3 13. BeKa cBojHM nporoHHMa ynecHHKa ^aBoacKnx cKynoBa nocTaBHO je ocHOBe hhkbh3htopckhm nporoHHMa. y pacnpaBaMa 14. h 15. BeKa y noTnyHocTH ce ^opMHpajy npeacTaBe o aeTy xeHa-BemTHna Ha ca6aT.
HajcaaBHHje aeao y KojHMa cy onncaHe paaae Ha obhm cycpeTHMa ônao je Malleus maleficarum. npeacTaBe o cKynoBHMa BemTHna pamnpnae cy ce y Hapoay h aoônae cBoje nyHKe (^opMe. Koa caoBeHcKHx Hapoaa Kojn cy ncnoBeaaan KaToarnaHcTBo nocToje Hapo^Ha BepoBaaa h MaaoôpojHH ^oaKaopHH 3anncn o caôaTy. Ha ncroKy ce caôaT y ^oaKaopy peTKo jaB^a - TaKo aa cBaKH npHMep Tpe6a Hcnm-ara y cBeTay MHCTH^HKannja nan yTHnaja ca 3anaaa. MHora aeaa cy Moraa yTHuaTH Ha nojaBy caôaTa y KanxeBHocTHMa npaBocaaBHHx Hapoaa. Y pycKHM HapoaHHM BepoBaaHMa Bemrane aeTe Ha .ncy ropy Kpaj KnjeBa.
Koa caoBeHcKHx Hapoaa KojH cy HcnoBeaaaH KaToannaHcTBo nocToje HapoaHa BepoBaaa h MaaoôpojHH ^oaxaopHH 3anHcH o caôaTy. Ha HcToKy caôaT ce y ^oaxaopy peTKo jaB^a - TaKo aa cBaKH npHMep Tpeôa HcnHTaTH y cBeTay MHcTH^HKaunja HaH yTHnaja ca 3anaaa. MHora aeaa cy Moraa yTHuaTH Ha nojaBy caôaTa y K&nxeBHocTHMa npaBocaaBHHx Hapoaa, aaH Me^y KojHMa h nprna .yaBHra THKa o cKynoBHMa BemTHna. Thkob CaôaT Bemrana HpoHHKa H3 1459 HHcnHpHcaHa je npnnoM H3 12 raaBe BapaHToBe Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne (MHaHep: 163).
YKpajHHnH Bepyjy aa BemTHne, HaMa3aBmH ce, aeTe Ha MeTaH, Ha aonaTH, HaH BHaaMa Ha maôam Ha .ncy ropy Kpaj KnjeBa npea BeaHKe npa3HHKe (YKpajHHnn: 116, 434, 442-443). H3pa3HTe aHTHxpnmhaHcKe npTe ijpHoMarnjcKor H3pyrHBaaa cBeTHaaMa - HKoHaMa, XpncTy, cBeaone o jaKoM oTnopy jeaHe nncMeHe KyaType KyaTypn npKBeHe nHcMeHocTH.
Kaaa ce y kbhxcbhhm aeaHMa npHKa3yje aeT noBeKa ca BemranoM nan ^aBoaoM onnc aeTa oôhhho npaTH onncnBaae noBeKoBor aoxHB^aja Tor aeTa - aHBaeae, ny^eae Han cTpax. Comob y npnnn KajeBCKe Bemraue caôaT BHan o^HMa Ko3aKa Kojn Kao Myx oaaeTH 3a cBojoM xbhom Ha .ncy Iopy aa Bnan Kyaa oHa Hecraje. Y npnnn OpecTa CoMoBa He onncyje ce caM aeT, Beh oaaa3aK BemTHne H3 Kyhe nocae 3ByKoBa KHme h rpoMa H3 Ka3aHa: na Kpajy sanyio ce us meza nucKaeuM u ornmpuM zmcom naiuK na uuk weiesa Kúje ce Hepmjamnezo no mouuiy, mpu nymapen "ziemu, nemu, lemu!". Tad ceKampycja wypno nampaam neKaKeoM Marnhy u odiemena y duMmaK. Kaaa ce HapeaHor Mecena Oeaop oaaynn aa KpeHe 3a aoM, Comob aeTaaHo onncyje npoMeHe y H3raeay h aoxHB^ajy Ko3aKa aoK H3Boan npHH oôpea, aan je nocae raaca H3 Ka3aHa h Tpaaaa MacTH KpaTaK onnc y KoMe Heaocraje onnc aeTa: h oajeaHoM ra je HeKaKBa HeBna^HBa cnaa oôyxBaTHaa h ôannaa y aHMaaK. Taj ôp3H noKpeT oôy3eo My je ayx h oay3eo cBecT. Kaaa ce npoôyano, BHaeo je ceôe noa oTBopeHHM HeôoM, Ha .ncoj ropn, H3a KnjeBa. Ha caMoM Bpxy rope ônao je raaTKo MecTo, npHo Kao yraa, h roao, Kao raaBa cTapor aeae ôe3 Koce. Kanaap H3 npnne OpecTa CoMoBa npme o S^ary ce naamn aa HHje 3aHohno y Kyhn BemTHna h aa Hehe TpaxHTH aeroBy kpb h MacT aa oaaeTH Ha caôaT). CaôaT ce jaB^a h y ^e^BHroBoj Hoftn 24. jyHa, HapnMa Knpnaa Tonoae.
.ncy ropy cnoMHae ,D,aa> y npnnn BemTHua (BeatMa), a cKyn Ha .ncoj ropn npHKa3yje MapKeBHH y Meaoanjn BemTHua. BemTHne Koje aeTe npeacTaBHan cy ^KyKoBcKH y Ba^a^H y Kojoj ce onacyje KaKO je je^Ha CTapaua jaxa^a Ha hphom Koay, nymKHH y noeMH Pyc^aH h ^jy^MH^a (HanHa), KaTeaHH y napoanjcKoM oa3HBy Ha nymKHHoBy HanHy y KfteraaHHH MH^ymH, fteKpacoB y noeMH BaSa Jara.
Y HeKHM ToroaeBHM npmaMa mothb aeTa ce noapa3yMeBa (H3ry6^eHo nHCMo, 3anapaHo MecTo), aoK je y HeKHM aeT h onncaH. Hajpa3BHjeHHjH ToroaeBH onncn aeTa KoBana BaKyae h aeMoHa Haaa3e ce y HoftH yo^H Bo^Hha rae KoBan BaKyaa aeTH Ha ^aBoay, h y BHjy rae Ha Xomh BpyTy aeTH BemTHna. Toroa Hajnpe onncyje npoMeHe y
ncHX0^0mK0M a0XHBaajy jyHaKa - BaKyaa ce, 3ay3aaBmn kpctom ^aB0aa, ncnoneTKa ynaamH0 jep ce Ha 3eMan BHme HHje M0ra0 HHmTa aa pacn03Ha. nncan Har0BemTaBa aa ce jyHaK y6p30 0xpa6pn0 cB0j0M M0hn Haa ^aB0a0M. T0r0a y0nmTe He 0nncyje BaKyaHH fl0XHBaaj nyaeca n0pea K0jnx np0aa3e, caM0 hx Ha6paja: nap06aaK y Ka3aHy, 3Be3ae K0je nrpajy xMypKe, p0j ayx0Ba, ^aB0 K0jH ce nrpa 0K0 Mecena, MeTaa K0ja caMa aeTH, 6e3 BemTnne. Cpemanu cy ycnym jorn mhozo ceaKojaKoz onorna. Yum 6u HeKo yznedao Koeana, Ha KpamKo 6u ce saycmae&ao, na 6u onem Hacmae&ao ceojuM nymeM. A Koean je ñemeo u ñemeo. CMemHH cn0jeBH aeM0HcK0r, K0cMHHK0r h npH3eMH0r npeacraBaajy yxyp6aH Han 3anrpaH cBeT 6e3 3a06e. RaB0 K0a Mecena naK cKHaa h Kany BaKyan. D,e0 aeT je n0cae npB0r ncKymeaa H0BHHe n0THnaeH caM0 a0aacKy a0 napnne. neTep6ypr y K0jn caeTe, Ha K0Bana 0craBaa MH0r0 jann yTHcaK aeM0HcKHx npnaHKa.
^eT X0Me BpyTa n0Hnae He npeTepaH0 3acTpameHHM 3aKaynK0M "$Ha030^a" aa ra jame BemTHna. Onnc aeTa y Bnjy 3acnheH je a0XHBaajHMa h nyHHM h np0THBypenHHM 0cehaanMa - "HenpnjaTH0 h caaTK0", "^aB0acKH 0n0jHa MHaHHa", "HeKa cTpamHa MynHa Hacaaaa". T0K0M aeTa a0aa3H a0 06pTa n0a0xaja n0cae X0mhhhx M0anTBHua. Hajsad 6psmoM Mywe uckohu ucnod cmapuue u eernmo ysjaxa Ha wem nefya. Cmapuua cumHuM ynecmanuM KopauuMa nojypu maKo 6pso da je jaxan jedea cmusao da durne. 3eM&a ce nod wum jedea Hasupana u noped moza rnmo jeMeceu npunuuHo jamo ceemneo. Mada paeHa, no&a cy ycned 6psme nped wum usznedana HeKaKo saMaz&eHa u HejacHa. O He0neKHBaHHM caHKaMa np0cT0pa, M0THBHMa K0jn ce y T0M cn0jy He jaBaajy hh y ^0aKa0py, hh y K&HxeBH0cTH ^0TMaH nnme: Buwe od moza, Tozo& je yeeo Momue odpawaeawa (compaweHuja) 6es o6supa Ha mo, rnmo ce nod $uno3o$oM Huje Hanasuna eoda, eeh cmena noKpueeHa mpaeoM. TuMe je 6una yKuHyma u zpaHuua npocmopa Ha doweM Kpajy eepmuKanHe oce. MaKcuManmj npocmoprnj pacKoeaHocmu odzoeapa u MaKcuManHa noKpem&ueocm. OHa ce uspawaea y nodupmaeawy 6psuHe (^0TMaH 1968: 96).
Kaaa KBHTKHHa K0H0T0ncKa Bemraua JaBa0xa a0aa3H a0 OaeHe aa 6h je ay6aBHHM MarnjaMa Be3aaa 3a naHa c0THHKa, Kaxe j0j aa je a0maa h3 KnjeBa 3a BpeMe y K0Me 06nnaH H0BeK He M0xe cthRh, mT0 H3a3HBa aeB0jHHHy ny^eae (178). KacHHje, Bemrana a0aehe a0 OaeHe ca c0thhk0m aa 6h T060xe H3Bpmnaa ay6aBHe Marnje h Bpaha ce aeTehn y K0H0T0n.
y CT0p0xeHK0B0j npnnn 3a.ty6.teHH ^aBO (1861) y K0j0j aeaa, 3an0p0xan, x0he aa BemTnny, aeB0jKy K0ja My ce a0naaa 0TprHe 0a ftaB0aa: Bemmuua je cena Ha Memny, KnuMHyna znaeoM dedu, eucoKo ce duzna zope, nopaeHana ca seesduuaMa u nonemena y ceojy Kyhy. y K0MHHH0M anjaa0ry ^aB0aa h 3an0p0mna y K0Me ce H0BeK ncnpBa 3anyan KaK0 M0ry aa cTHrHy 3a neT aaHa a0 cBeTe rope, a Kaaa My ^aB0 0aBpaTH aa 0H panyHa n0 K>Hx0B0M, 3an0p0mK0M, cyjeTHH 3an0p0xan Kaxe aa 6h 0H cTHra0 h 3a jeaaH aaH. Kaaa npeBapn ^aB0aa h npHM0pa ra aa My 6yae K0ft, hhk0 My He Bepyje Kyaa cBe cTHxe.
Pa3BHjeHa npeacTaBa He6ecK0r cBeTa y ayxy T0r0aeBe HoBh yonn Bo^nfia n0Ka3yje ce y npHHH ^aHHaeBcK0r ftaBO Ha BenepHHHH. H3 ncTe IoroaeBe npnne ^aHHaeBcKH je y3e0 h m0thb BemTHne ay60M0pHe Ha ^aB0aa. JyHaK JaBTyx Hajnpe aeTH Ha ^aB0ay, a n0T0M 3ajamn h BemTHny h a0aa3H naK a0 xapeMa y kphmck0m napcTBy. Bpahajyñn ce HaTpar, BemTHna My 06jamaaBa npeK0 K0jnx MecTa Haaaeñy, a Kaaa 3aneBajy npBH neTan, 0hh naaHy TanH0 K0a Kyhe y K0j0j ce 3aBpmaBa np0caaBa Ha K0j0j je JaBTyx Tpe6aa0 aa ce Becean Te H0hn.
ABeTH aeTe h H3HeHaaa ce n0jaBayjy y CTepnjHH0j Tpareanjn Mraom OSh^hB.
y Kjyxea6eKep0B0j apaMH HBaH TproBanKH chh, Maaaa BemTHna r0B0pn cTap0j:
A MOMda no cnoSodnoM ea3dyxy jem, nod see3duu,OM jacHOM myMapamu u Kpywumu, Xeamamu y jemy cyMwueu 3aHoc, TpeHymHe cio6ode do njaHa ce Hanumu...
Heo6nHHa CBecT o npHBpeMeHOCTH jaB^a ce y pe^HMa cyMwueu 3aHoc, thm npe HyflHHjn mTO hx He H3roBapa CTapa, Beh M^a^a BemTHna. HeT ce nojaB^yje Kao chm6o^ c^o6o^e, TpeHyTHe, Koja caMo H3a3HBa nnjaHCTBo cto6oaom Koja ce He Moxe aoctkRh.
HcnHTHBaae .nera ^eMoHa yKa3Mo je Ha HeKo^HKo onmrax npo6^eMa 3Haneaa oBor MoTHBa y ^o^ktophom H3BopHHKy, mh h Ha nHTa&a o^Hoca ^o^Kropa h k&h^bbhocth. OcMoTpeHo H3 nepcneKTHBe HauHoHa^HHx k&h^bbhocth h HHTep TeKcryanHHx Be3a Moryhe je noTBp^HTH 3aK^ynaK o h^oaotbophocth roro^eBcKHx MoTHBa 3a pycKy, mh h apyre c^oBeHcKe k&h^bbhocth (Aj^anrih 1998). HaKo je nperaea K&HxeBHHx npe^craBa .nera AeMoHa orpaHHneH caMo Ha K&HxeBHocT 19. BeKa, h nopea ocna&aaa Ha Ma&H 6poj mhtckhx 6Hha (yraaBHoM Bemrana, laBo, y cpncKoj k&h^bbhocth BH^e) o^Hrae^Ha je pa3HoBpcHocT y cTaBy nHcana npeMa MoTHBy ny^ecHor KpeTaaa. HjeroBo aKTHBHpaae no^pa3yMeBa ^aHTacTHHHo BH^eae pea^Hor cBeTa, mh cy ncnxmomKH h HapaTHBHH Mo^enH 3HanajHo npomHpH^H rpaHHne ^o^khophhx H3BopHHKa.
fl h t e p a t y p a
Aj^aHHh 1996-1998 - naTpHoTCKa peMHTo^orraanHja Brna y K&HxeBHocra cpncKor poMaHTH3Ma, Mum. 36ophukpadoea, Hobh Caa, 1996, cTp. 723-730; XpaHa aeMoHa ^o^K^opHor nopeK^a y raoBeHcKHM K&HxeBHocTHMa 19. BeKa, Kodoeu cioeeHcKux Kyimypa, Beorpa^, 2, 1997, cTp. 143-152; ^mohh y raobehckhm K&HxeBHocTHMa, 36ophukMamuue cpncKe3a ciaeucmuKy, Hobh Ca#, 53, 1997, cTp. 135-150; Iobop aeMoHa y MoBeHcKHM K^H^eBHocTHMa 19. BeKa, Studia mythologica Slavica, Ljubljana-Pisa, 1, 1998, cTp. 299-306; KaKHe nracKH ^MBo^bcKne, Muean cmapuHa, MocKBa, 1998, 1, cTp. 13-14 = O HrpH ^eMoHa y c^oBeHcKHM K^H^eBHocTHMa 19. BeKa, Kwuweempen, Beorpaa, 1998, 501, cTp. 44-46; CMex ^eMoHa y c^oBeHcKHM KftH^eBHocTHMa 19. BeKa, Kwuweempen, Beorpaa, 1998, 502, cTp. 36-39. AHToHHjeBHh 1971 - AHToHHjeBHh: A^eKcHHanKo noMopaB^e, CpncKu emHozpa/ftcrn 36ophuk, 83, 1971.
A^aHacjeB 1866 - A. A^aHacbeB: noammecme eo33peHm ciaem Ha npupody, MocKBa, 13, 1866-1869.
BeHoBcKa-Cjb6KoBa 1992 - M. BeHoBcKa-Cjb6KoBa: 3Menm e 6mzapcmx (froiKiop, Co^hh, 1992.
Boškovic-Stulli 1991- M. Boškovic-Stulli: Predaje o vješticama i njihovi progoni u Hrvatskoj,
Pjesme,priče, fantastika, Zagreb, 1991, str. 124-159. BHHorpa^oBa 1996 - .H. H. BHHorpa^oBa: KmeH^apHbie nepexoflb HenHcroft chhh bo BpeMeHH
h npocTpaHcTBe, KoHuenm deu^eHm e H3UKe u Kyibmype, MocKBa, 1996, 166-184. BHHorpa^oBa 1996a - H. H. BHHorpa^oBa: CeKcymbHbie cbh3h ne^oBeKa c aeMoHHHecKHMH cymecTBaMH, CeKc u apomum epyccKou mpaduuuoHHou Kyibmype, MocKBa, 1996, 207-224.
B^ajHh-nonoBHh 1996 - J. B^ajHh-nonoBHh: Cx TaTom "mhtcko 6Hhe Koje HaBo^H rpa^o-HocHe o6^aKe", O jieKcmrnM no3ajM^eHuuaMa, Cy6oTHna-Beorpa^, 1996, 191-197.
.eTeae ^eMOHa y ca0BeHCK0M ^oaKaopy h KH.HxeBHOCTHMa 19. BeKa
TeoprneBa 1993 - H. reopraeBa: Ezmapcm napodna Mumonozm, Co^ha, 1993.
flyKOBa 1983 - U. Dukova: Die Beziehungen der Dämonen, EanKancKo esuKosnanue, 26, 1983, 4.
Rop^eBnh 1953 - T. P. Rop^eBHh: Bemmuua u euna y narneM napodnoM eepoeawy u npedawy, Beorpaa, 1953.
3HX - 36opnuK sa napodnu wueom u oômaje jywnux Cnaeena, 3arpe6.
HaneB - A. HaHeB: C6opnuK om napodnu yMomeopenm, o6mau u dp., 1, Co^ha, 1889.
Kapaynh 1852 - B.C. Kapaynh: CpncKu pjennuK ucmyManen weManmjeM u namuncKujeM pujenuMa, Ben, 1852.
MnjaTOBHh 1909 - C. MnjaTOBHh: HapoaHa MeaHnHHa Cp6a ce^aKa y .eBny h TeMHHhy, CpncKu emnozpa$cm s6opnuK, 13, 1909, CTp. 259-482.
Milner - M. Milner: Le Diable dans la littérature française de Cazotte a Baudelaire 1772-1861, 2 ed., 1971.
MHaomeBrih-Eop^eBrih 1971 - H. MHaomeBHh-Eop^eBHh: 3ajednmKa meMamcKo-cumejna ocnoea cpncKoxpeamcKux neucmopujcKux encKux necaMa u nposne mpaduuuje, Beorpaa, 1971.
MHaocaB^eBHh 1914 - C. MHaocaB^eBHh: OömajH cpncKor Hapoaa h3 cpe3a xoMo^CKor, CpncKu emnozpa$cm s6opnuK, 19, 1914.
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Das Fliegen von Demonen in der slawischen Volksüberlieferung und Literatur des 19.
Jahrhunderts
Dejan Ajdačic
Autor weist auf unmenschliche und übermenschliche Grundzüge im Dämonenfliegen im Folklore und in der slawischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts hin. Man betrachtet das Feenfliegen, auch das Fliegen der verliebten Drachen, der Dämonen der Himmelsgewitter, der Totenseelen und Erscheinen der Dämonen an den Hexenversammlungen und man weist auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den Folklormodells und den literarischen Texten hin.
In der Studie sind die literarischen Texten der ostslawischen und südslawischen Autoren erwähnt: Petar Petrovič Njegoš, Jovan Jovanovič Zmaj, Laza Kostič, Jovan Subotič, Sima Milutinovic Sarajlija, Jovan Grčič, Milovan Glišič, Jovan Popovič Sterija, Kiril Topolja, Nikolaj Gogolj, Orest Somov, Anton Deljvig, Vladimir Dalj, Nikolaj Markevič, Aleksandar Puškin, Pavel Katenjin, Nikolaj Njekrasov, Grigorij Kvitka, Oleksa Storoženko, Grigorij Danilevski, Wilhelm Kuchelbäcker.