Short scientific article	UDC 595.76:591.9(497.571 )
Received: 2010-10-21
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE ON THE LONGHORN BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE) FAUNA OF VOZILICI,
EASTERN ISTRIA, CROATIA
Toni KOREN
University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Biodiversity Studies, SI-6000 Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, Slovenia
E-mail: koren.toni1@gmail.com
Franjo PEROVIC
Croatian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, HR-10000 Zagreb, Demetrova 1, Croatia
ABSTRACT
Between the years 1973 and 1982, a faunistic survey of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) fauna was conducted in Vozilici, eastern Istria. Altogether 250 specimens, belonging to 38 species were collected. The first systematic list of cerambycid fauna of Vozilici is given, along with their biogeographical affiliation. Turanic-European and Turanic-European Mediterranean species prevailed. We recorded also Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758, a vulnerable species at European scale. Most interesting is the finding of Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776), which has so far been found only in two places in Croatia.
Key words: Cerambycidae, Cerambyx cerdo, Semanotus russicus, Istria, Vozilici
CONTRIBUTO ALLA CONOSCENZA DI CERAMBICIDI (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE)
A VOZILICI, ISTRIA ORIENTALE, CROAZIA
SINTESI
Negli anni fra il 1973 ed il 1982 e stata condotta una ricerca faunistica sui Cerambicidi (Cerambycidae) nella localita di Vozilici, Istria orientale. Sono stati raccolti 250 esemplari appartenenti a 38 specie. L'articolo riporta la prima lista sistematica dei Cerambicidi di Vozilici, accompagnata dalla loro affiliazione biogeografia. Fra le specie trovate si e riscontrata la prevalenza di quelle turanico-europee e turanico-europee-mediterranee. Gli autori sottolineano pure il ritrovamento di Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758, specie vulnerabile su scala europea. Molto interessante, inoltre, la segnalazione della presenza di Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776), specie precedentemente ritrovata solamente in due localita croate.
Parole chiave: Cerambycidae, Cerambyx cerdo, Semanotus russicus, Istria, Vozilici
INTRODUCTION
Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) are one of the most numerous beetle (Insecta, Coleoptera) families, with an estimation of 35,000 species worldwide (Lawrence, 1982). Larvae of cerambycids are usually xylophagus and feed on dying or dead trees and thus are ecologically a very important group (Duffy, 1953; Linsley, 1959; Hanks, 1999). However, some species are known to feed on healthy or weakened trees as well (Craighead, 1950; Keen, 1952). Many species declined and became endangered in many parts of Europe (Evans et a/., 2004).
The first systematic faunistic overview of Cerambycidae in former Yugoslavia, including Croatia, was prepared by Miksic (1963) and was later supplemented by Von Demelt & Schurmann (1964), Novak (1964), Miksic & Georgijevic, (1971, 1973), and Miksic & Korpic (1985). According to Miksic & Georgijevic (1971), the longhorn beetle fauna of Croatia counts at least 225 species. The fauna of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) of Istria was never systematically studied, and only sporadic findings were published during the 20th century (Depoli & Goidanich, 1926; Depoli, 1940; Müller, 1953; Miksic, 1963; Von Demelt & Schurmann, 1964). Recently, only data for the Slovenian part of Istria were reviewed (Brelih et a/., 2006).
We are presenting the first list of longhorn beetles of Vozilici in eastern Istria along with the biogeographical, ecological and conservation remarks given.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research was conducted from 1972 to 1982 in the planted mixed forest of Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus
helepensis Mill, near the village of Vozilici in eastern Istria (Fig 1.) at the elevation of approximately 80 m altitude. The undergrowth of mixed Pinus forest was composed mainly of maquis vegetation, as well as young Carpinus orientalis and Quercus pubescens trees.
The area of Vozilici belongs to the submediteranean region of Istria (Sugar, 1984). According to Segota & Filipcic (2003), the climate of the area is classified as Koppen's Cfb climate, meaning moderate warm and humid climate with warm summers.
Only occasional, non-systematic samplings of beetles were conducted, few times a year between May and July. Longhorn beetles were collected by a combination of standard methods for collecting insects, including net sweeping, light traps, fragrant bait and hand netting on the trees, bushes, grasses and flowers. For the fragrant bait, a mixture of cherry liquor and rotten meat was used (Champlain & Kirk, 1926).
Species determination was done using different identification keys (Miksic & Georgijevic, 1971, 1973; Miksic & Korpic 1985; Bense, 1995; Chatenet, 2000) and comparative material from museum collections (Novak, Koca) of the Croatian Natural History Museum. Beetles were classified following Fauna Europaea (2010). Biogeographical analysis was done according to Brelih et al. (2006). Because the conservation status of longhorn beetles in Croatia has never been accessed due to the lack of suitable data, we compared our data with Brelih et al. (2006) for conservation status in Slovenia. All longhorn beetle specimens were preserved in beetle collection of Croatian Natural History Museum (F. Perovic), with the label "Cerambycidae Vozilici".
Fig. 1: Map of Croatia with the position of Istria and Voziliči. SI. 1: Zemljevid Hrvaške z izsekom Istre in označeno lokacijo Voziličev.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During this research, 250 specimens were collected altogether, from which 38 longhorn beetle species were identified. The systematic list of found species, along with the collecting dates and biogeographical affiliation is given in Table 1. Biogeographical analysis showed the
prevalence of Turanic-European species (21%), followed by Turanic-European-Mediterranean (16%), Asian-European (13%), European-Mediterranean (13%), Southern European (8%), European (8%), Siberian-European (5%) and Paleartic (5%). All other zoogeographical affiliations were represented by a single species and consisted only of 3%.
No.	Species	Label dates on specimens	Biogeography
Cerambycinae			
1	Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758	07.07.1975, 12.06.1977	Turanic-European-Mediterranean
2	Poecilium pusillum (Fabricius, 1787)	16.11.1975	Turanic-European
3	Phymatodes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)	09.06.1976	European-Mediterranean
4	Poecilium alni (Linnaeus, 1767)	03.05.1975	Turanic-European
5	Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758)	03.05.1975	European-Mediterranean
6	Ropalopus clavipes (Fabricius, 1775)	21.06.1975, 13.06.1977, 30.06.1978	Asian-European-Mediterranean
7	Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776)	16.11.1975	Mediterranean
8	Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus, 1758)	06.06.1977	Palaearctic
9	Chlorophorus figuratus (Scopoli, 1763)	21.06.1982	European
10	Chlorophorus sartor (Müller, 1766)	20.07.1982	Turanic-European-Mediterranean
11	Chlorophorus varius (Müller, 1766)	10.08.1979	Turanic-European-Mediterranean
12	Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817	29.06.1978, 21.06.1982	Turanic-European-Mediterranean
13	Neoclytus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775)	05.05.1976, 21.06.1982	Nearctic
14	Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	18.06.1977, 29.06.1978	Turanic-European-Mediterranean
15	Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1776)	12.07.1976	Asian-European
16	Purpuricenus budensis (Goeze, 1783)	05.06.1975, 19.06.1975, 20.07.1982	Southern European-Mediterranean
17	Purpuricenus kaehleri (Linnaeus, 1758)	12.07.1976, 13.06.1977, 06.06.1978, 24.07.1980, 20.07.1982	Turanic-European
18	Stenopterus rufus Linnaeus, 1767	27.06.1974, 27.06.1975, 09.06.1976, 12.06.1977, 30.06.1978	European-Mediterranean
Lamiinae			
19	Pedestredorcadion arenarium (Scopoli, 1763)	03.05.1975, 15.05.1975, 31.05.1975, 21.06.1975	Southern European
20	Agapanthia Cynarae (Germar, 1817)	27.06.1974,	20.06.1975, 06.07.1975,	09.06.1976, 27.06.1977	Southern European
21	Saperda punctata (Linnaeus, 1767)	13.06.1977, 30.06.1978	European-Mediterranean
22	Phytoecia virgula (Charpentier, 1825)	15.05.1975, 01.06.1975, 20.06.1975, 21.05.1976, 25.05.1977	Turanic-European-Mediterranean
23	Tetrops praeustus (Linnaeus 1758)	03.08.1975, 21.05.1976	Siberian-European-Mediterranean
Tab. 1: List of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) collected in Vozilici between 1973 and 1982 along with the dates of finding and biogeographical affiliation.
Tab. 1: Seznam kozličkov (Cerambycidae) zbranih v Vozilicih med letoma 1973 in 1982, skupaj z datumi najdb in njihovo biogeografsko pripadnostjo.
No.	Species	Label dates on specimens	Biogeography
Spondylidinae			
24	Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839)	20.07.1975, 21.08.1976, 20.08.1979	Asian-European
25	Anisarthron barbipes (Schrank, 1845)	21.06.1975	European
Leptu	rinae		
26	Alosterna tabacicolor (De Geer, 1775)	26.05.1977, 15.05.1975	Siberian-European
27	Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817)	21.06.1975	Asian-European
28	Paracorymbia fulva (De Geer, 1775)	27.06.1974	European
29	Pseudovadonia livida (Fabricius, 1776)	27.06.1974, 20.06.1975, 12.06.1977	Asian-European
30	Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761)	12.07.1973, 20.06.1975, 12.06.1977, 30.06.1978	Turanic-European
31	Stenurella bifasciata (Müller, 1776)	13.07.1973, 27.06.1974, 21.06.1975, 22.07.1975	European-Mediterranean
32	Stenurella nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)	16.05.1975, 21.05.1976, 25.05.1977	Turanic-European
33	Stenurella septempunctata (Fabricius 1792)	20.06.1975, 07.07.1977	Turanic-European
34	Stictoleptura rubra (Linnaeus, 1758)	27.06.1974, 22.07.1975, 20.07.1979, 21.06.1982, 20.07.1982	Palaearctic
35	Stictoleptura cordigera (Fuessly, 1775)	22.07.1975, 24.07.1975, 24.07.1980	Turanic-European
36	Vadonia imitatrix Daniel, 1891	30.06.1978	Southern-European
37	Dinoptera collaris (Linnaeus, 1758)	02.05.1975, 21.05.1976	Asian - European
38	Grammoptera ruficornis (Fabricius, 1781)	03.05.1975	Turanic-European
Fig. 2: Rare longhorn beetle, Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776) found in Juniperus stumps. SI. 2: Redka vrsta kozlička Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776), najdena med debli brina.
Eight recorded species can be found in the whole Mediterranean region of Croatia: Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817, Neoclytus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775), Purpuri-cenus budensis (Goeze, 1783), Pedestredorcadion are-narium (Scopoli, 1763), Agapanthia Cynarae (Germar, 1817), Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839), Vadonia imita-trix Daniel, 1891 and Grammoptera ruficornis (Fabricius, 1781). Three species are present in the whole Croatia except the Mediterranean region: Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Saperda punctata (Linnaeus, 1767) and Stictoleptura rubra (Linnaeus, 1758). One species, Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776) (Fig. 2) has been so far found only in southern Istria (Vozilici), Losinj and Dalmatia (Miksic & Georgijevic, 1973). This was the only species recorded in Vozilici, which was not recorded in the Slovenian part of Istria (Brelih et al., 2006). Five adult specimens of this species were collected from the chopped -uniperus oxycedrus L. stump in November 1975. Later, no other specimen of S. russicus was found in the area.
For three recorded species a decline has been observed in Slovenia, namely Ropalopus clavipes (Fabricius, 1775), Chlorophorus sartor (Müller, 1766) and
Anisarthron barbipes (Schrank, 1845), while two species are considered rare, namely Poecilium pusillum (Fabricius, 1787) and Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817. Those species were also quite rare in the surveyed area.
We also recorded an endangered species at European scale, Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758. This species is listed in IUCN Red List (2010) as vulnerable due to its known and possible future population reduction because of the decline in the area of occupancy. It is also listed in the Habitat directive Annexes II and IV (Anonymus, 1992). According to Brelih et al. (2006) C. cerdo is quite rare in the majority of Slovene regions, but more common in Istria. Its status in Croatia is unknown.
Despite our research, it is clear that the list of species is far from complete. This can be assigned to the selective field methods used to collect beetles, as well as the lack of research in other parts of the year (e.g. early spring). Because this research was done 40 years ago, the results are somehow outdated, but can be used in further studies of longhorn beetles in the area, especially for the comparison with the recent state of longhorn beetles fauna.
PRISPEVEK K POZNAVANJU FAVNE KOZLIČKOV (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE) V VOZILICIH, VZHODNA ISTRA, HRVAŠKA
Toni KOREN
Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstvenoraziskovalno središče Koper, Inštitut za biodiverzitetne študije, SI-6000 Koper, Garibaldijeva 1
E-mail: koren.toni1@gmail.com
Franjo PEROVIC
Hrvaški prirodoslovni muzej, Zoološki oddelek, HR-10000 Zagreb, Demetrova 1, Hrvaška
POVZETEK
Med letoma 1973 in 1982 je bila opravljena raziskava hroščev kozličkov (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) v kraju Vozliči, Istra, Hrvaška. Zbranih je bilo 250 primerkov 38 različnih vrst iz družine Cerambycidae. Podan je prvi sistematični pregled kozličkov skupaj z njihovo biogeografsko pripadnostjo. Prevladujejo turansko-evropske in turan-sko-evpropsko-sredozemske vrste. Ena od vrst, Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758, ima občutljiv status v Evropi. Zanimiva je tudi ugotovljena prisotnost redkega hrošča vrste Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1776), ki so ga poprej našli le na dveh nahajališčih na Hrvaškem.
Ključne besede: Cerambycidae, Cerambyx cerdo, Semanotus russicus, Istra, Vozilici
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