HARMONISATION OF METHODS IN ENTIRE MALE AND IMMUNOCASTRATE RESEARCH Lectures of the Training school (Ljubljana, November 20-22, 2017) Ljubljana 2017 Edited and published by: KMETIJSKI INŠTITUT SLOVENIJE Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, SLOVENIA Tel.: +386 1 / 28 05 262 Edited by: dr. Marjeta ČANDEK-POTOKAR Series editor: Lili MARINČEK Aquarelle on the cover painted by: mag. Blaž ŠEGULA Publikacija bo izšla v elektronski obliki in bo objavljena na spletni strani Kmetijskega inštituta Slovenije http://www.kis.si Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID=293181696 ISBN 978-961-6998-17-8 (pdf) FOREWORD IPEMA ‒ Innovative Approaches for Pork Production with Entire Males is a COST action (CA 15215) supported by the European Union within the framework programme Horizon 2020. Its main objective is to bring together the scientists and practitioners interested in the challenges that pork production sector is facing due to the ending of the practice of surgical castration of male piglets and who are conducting the research or evaluation of two most viable alternatives a) raising of entire males, and b) immunocastration. Present publication results from the Training school on Harmonisation of methods in entire male and immunocastrate research organised in the frame of IPEMA, which had for the objective the presentation of wide spectre of research methods relevant for addressing the questions of interest or research hypotheses in studies of entire male and immunocastrate production. The emphasis was on the harmonisation of methodological approach in joint research projects. The goal of the training school was to help trainees understand which are the knowledge gaps in the respective research area and which methods to use (in harmonised way) to answer the research questions. The training school was conducted in collaboration with H2020 ERA-NET project SuSI (Sustainability of pig production with immunocastration) which represented or served as a case study of a joint research project. The methodology presented covered analytical procedures of boar taint substances, methods for on-line detection of boar taint, muscle and fat tissue analysis, welfare, behaviour, endocrine parameters to assess testicular function, body composition, carcass and meat quality, anatomy of reproductive tract, gastric ulcers, nutritional and environmental aspects, demonstrating multidisciplinary approach in searching of new knowledge and solutions for challenges in pork production with immunocastration. The training school was held from 20th to 22nd November. It was attended by 27 trainees from 15 countries, 18 of them were from Target Inclusiveness Countries (Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, FYR Macedonia, Serbia). The lectures given during the training school are compiled in the present handbook to serve as basic information and guidelines on methodological aspects. Ulrike Weiler, IPEMA Chair Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, editor 1 CONTENTS Michel Bonneau: Chapter 1: Pitfalls and problems in boar taint research .................................................... 3 Špela Velikonja Bolta and Nina Batorek Lukač: Chapter 2: Boar taint compounds- analytical methods and sampling ............................33 Volker Stefanski: Chapter 3: Welfare, behaviour (ethogram) and skin lesions recording ...........................44 Martin Škrlep and Marjeta Čandek-Potokar: Chapter 4: Carcass and meat quality traits – pertinent methods in boar taint research and possible harmonisation in joint projects ...................................................................75 Gregor Fazarinc: Chapter 5: Anatomy of reproductive tract – measurements and sampling.....................98 Milka Vrecl Fazarinc: Chapter 6: Muscle tissue analysis - histochemistry ....................................................... 103 Urška Tomažin: Chapter 7: Muscle and fat tissue analysis – fatty acids ................................................. 110 Hanne Maribo: Chapter 8: Gastric ulcer scoring ...................................................................................... 119 Ulrike Weiler: Chapter 9: Significance and limitations of endocrine parameters to assess testicular function in EM and IC – matrix, sampling and analysis ................................................. 138 Michel Bonneau: Chapter 10: From human nose to instrumental methods for on-line detection of boar taint – Five decades of small steps forward ................................................................... 168 Marijke Aluwe: Chapter 11: Human nose method – training, reliability and limitations ........................ 175 Alice Van den Broeke: Chapter 12: Nutritional and environmental aspects - indicators and recording ........... 194 2 Chapter 1 Pitfalls and problems in boar taint research Michel BONNEAU1 1 The French Pork and Pig Institute (IFIP), La Motte au Vicomte, 35650 Le Rheu, France 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Chapter 2 Boar taint compounds- analytical methods and sampling Špela VELIKONJA BOLTA1 and Nina BATOREK LUKAČ1 1 Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Chapter 3 Welfare, behaviour (ethogram) and skin lesions recording Volker STEFANSKI1 1 University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Chapter 4 Carcass and meat quality traits – pertinent methods in boar taint research and possible harmonisation in joint projects Martin ŠKRLEP1 and Marjeta ČANDEK-POTOKAR1,2 1 Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 Chapter 5 Anatomy of reproductive tract – measurements and sampling Gregor FAZARINC1 1 University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 98 99 100 101 102 Chapter 6 Muscle tissue analysis - histochemistry Milka VRECL FAZARINC1 1 University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Chapter 7 Muscle and fat tissue analysis – fatty acids Urška TOMAŽIN1 1 Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Chapter 8 Gastric ulcer scoring Hanne MARIBO1 1 SEGES, Axeltorv 3, 1609 København V, Denmark 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Chapter 9 Significance and limitations of endocrine parameters to assess testicular function in EM and IC – matrix, sampling and analysis Ulrike WEILER1 1 University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 Chapter 10 From human nose to instrumental methods for on-line detection of boar taint – Five decades of small steps forward Michel BONNEAU1 1 The French Pork and Pig Institute (IFIP), La Motte au Vicomte, 35650 Le Rheu, France 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 Chapter 11 Human nose method – training, reliability and limitations Marijke ALUWE1 1 Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 y 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 Chapter 12 Nutritional and environmental aspects - indicators and recording Alice van den BROEKE1 1 Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Name Affiliation e-mail address s. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Nikola Adamov adamovn@fvm.ukim.edu.mk Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, FYR Macedonia Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research Marijke Aluwe marijke.aluwe@ilvo.vlaanderen.be (ILVO), Melle, Belgium Silvia Ampuero Kragten Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland silvia.ampuero@agroscope.admin.ch Research Institute for Animal Production (CVZV), Ivan Bahelka bahelka@cvzv.sk Luzianky, Slovakia Nina Batorek Lukač Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Ljubljana, nina.batorek@kis.si Slovenia Frøydis Bjerke Animalia, Oslo, Norway froydis.bjerke@animalia.no The French Pork and Pig Institute (IFIP), Le Rheu, Michel Bonneau michelbonneaupro@orange.fr France University of Bonn, Institute of Animal Science Animal Ines Brinke ibri@itw.uni-bonn.de Breeding and Husbandry, Bonn, Germany Marjeta Čandek Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Ljubljana, -Potokar meta.candek-potokar@kis.si Slovenia R. Placido Roberto Da Coimbra College of Agriculture (ESAC), Coimbra, ross@esac.pt Costa Portugal Lea Demšar University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, lea.demsar@bf.uni-lj.si Slovenia Claire Dugué French National Institute for Agricultural Research claire.dugue@inra.fr (INRA), France Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Terje Elias Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Tartu, terje.elias@emu.ee Estonia University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Gregor Fazarinc gregor.fazarinc@vf.uni-lj.si Slovenia Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research Evert Heyrman evert.heyrman@ilvo. vlaanderen.be (ILVO), Melle, Belgium Maja Ivić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi ramajana1988@gmail.com Sad, Serbia University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Danijel Karolyi dkarolyi@agr.hr Croatia Niels Kjeldsen SEGES Pig Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark njk@seges.dk Kevin Kress University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany kress.kevin@uni-hohenheim.de Nicole Lebedová University of Prague (CZU), Prague, Czech Republic lebedova@af.czu.cz Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Li Lin li.lin@wur.nl The Netherlands 209 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Name Affiliation e-mail address Mateja Lušnic Polak University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, mateja.lusnic@bf.uni-lj.si Slovenia Hanne Maribo SEGES Pig Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark hma@seges.dk University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Nikolina Mesarec mesarec.nikolina@gmail.com sciences, Maribor, Slovenia Bojana Milovanović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, m.bojana@agrif.bg.ac.rs Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Skopje, Dimitar Nakov nakovd@fznh.ukim.edu.mk Macedonia Saša Novaković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, sasa.novakovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs Belgrade, Serbia Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Ljubljana, Klavdija Poklukar klavdija.poklukar@kis.si Slovenia Tomaž Polak University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, tomaz.polak@bf.uni-lj.si Slovenia Coimbra College of Agriculture (ESAC), Coimbra, Maria Ramos ameliaramos@esac.pt Portugal Volker Stefanski University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany volker.stefanski@uni-hohenheim.de Martin Škrlep Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Ljubljana, martin.skrlep@kis.si Slovenia Branislav Šojić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Novi bsojic@gmail.com Sad, Serbia Urška Tomažin Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Ljubljana, urska.tomazin@kis.si Slovenia Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research Alice Van Den Broeke alice.vandenbroeke@ilvo.vlaanderen.be (ILVO), Melle, Belgium Špela Velikonja Bolta Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Ljubljana, spela.velikonja-bolta@kis.si Slovenia University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Milka Vrecl Fazarinc milka.vrecl@vf.uni-lj.si Slovenia Ulrike Weiler University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany weiler@uni-hohenheim.de Linda Wiesner University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany wiesner.linda@googlemail.com Katerina Zadinová University of Prague (CZU), Prague, Czech Republic zadinova@af.czu.cz 210