HACQUETIA 11/2 • 2012, 179-207 DOI: 10.2478/v10028-012-0009-y PLANT COMMUNITIES WITH YELLOW OAT GRASS (TRISETUM FLAVESCENS (L.) PB.) IN THE SUBMONTANE AND MONTANE REGIONS OF SLOVENIA Tina PETRAS SACKL1, Mitja KALIGARIC2, Danijel IVAJNšIC2 & Sonja ŠKORNIK2 Abstract In the present study, we investigated plant communities with Yellow Oat Grass (Trisetumflavescens (L.) Pb.) in the submontane and montane regions of Slovenia. In 2005-2007 ninety-one relevés were collected by using the standard procedure of the Braun-Blanquet approach. Relevés were analysed with multivariate analysis and classified within two associations: Astrantio-Trisetetum (Polygono-Trisetion) and the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (Arrhenatherion). Management practices, soil conditions and altitude were found to be significant factors for a further subdivision of both associations. Within the Astrantio-Trisetetum association three subassociations could be distinguished: -typicum, -buphthalmetosum and -trollietosum, and subassociations -typicum, -medicage-tosum lupulinae, as well as -lolietosum subass. nova in the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. The floristic composition and ecological characteristics of these plant communities are described and their implications for grassland conservation in Slovenia are discussed. Key words: vegetation, anthropogenous grasslands, Astrantio-Trisetetum, Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. Izvleček V članku predstavljamo rezultate raziskave vegetacije travišč s prevladujočim rumenkastim ovsencem (Trisetum flavescens) v submontanskih in montanskih predelih Slovenije. V letih 2005-2007 smo popisali 91 vegetacijskih sestojev po standardni Braun-Blanquetovi metodi. Na osnovi multivariatnih analiz smo uvrstili travišča v dve asociaciji, in sicer v asociacijo Astrantio-Trisetetum (zveza Polygono-Trisetion) in asociacijo Pastinaco-Arrhenathere-tum (zveza Arrhenatherion). Nadaljnja členitev na nižje sintaksonomske enote obeh asociacij je pogojena predvsem s stopnjo intenzivnosti upravljanja s travišči, z različnimi edafskimi razmerami in nadmorsko višino. Tako ločimo v asociaciji Astrantio-Trisetetum naslednje sintaksone: subasociacije -typicum, -buphthalmetosum in -trollietosum, v asociaciji Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum pa: -typicum, -medicagetosum lupulinae in -lolietosum subass. nova. Predstavljene so floristična sestava asociacij, njune ekološke značilnosti in varstveni vidiki obravnavanih travišč. Ključne besede: vegetacija, antropogena travišča, Astrantio-Trisetetum, Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. 1. INTRODUCTION While almost half of Slovenia is covered by forests, grasslands constitute only 28.3% of the total area (Kladnik & Gabrovec 1998). Despite their smaller area with extensive management, natural and anthropogenic grasslands constitute one of the most important sources for landscape biodiversity (Gomez-Pompa & Kaus 1992, Swift et al. 1996). In addition, grasslands are invaluable sources of genetic diversity, provide habitats for numerous plant and animal species, and function as essential corridors between different habitat types. Anthropogenic grassland habitats, which have been known in Europe since the last millennium (Partel et al. 2006), further constitute an integral element in Slovenia's cultural heritage. 1 Balos 7, 4290 Tržič, Slovenia, E-mail: tina.petras@gmail.com 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, SI-2000 Maribor, Koroška 160, Slovenia During recent last decades, because of the increasing use of fertilizers and the greater frequency of annual cuttings, many formerly extensively managed meadows of high biodiversity have been transformed into largely uniform grassland areas, dominated by the few competitive species that cope better in intensively managed agricultural environments (McKinney & Lockwood 1999, Walker 2004). Particularly in the lowlands of Slovenia, habitat fragmentation constitutes an additional reason for the continuous degradation and disappearance of natural and semi-natural grassland ecosystems. Besides the erosion of plant species diversity, the decline of floristically rich meadows and pasturelands is the main reason for the decline of many farmland birds and other animals (Wilson et al. 2009). consequently, the decrease in anthropogenic grassland habitats has recently stimulated a number of studies by phytoecologists (Swift et al. 1996, Walker et al. 2004, Partel et al. 2006) and animal ecologists (McCracken & Tallowin 2004, Atkinson et al. 2004, Wilson et al. 2009). The larger portion of anthropogenic grassland in Slovenia belongs to the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, which according to altitude and management, is further subdivided into five orders (Ellmauer & Mucina 1993, Dierschke 2002). Some of the anthropogenic meadows and pasture-lands of the upper montane belt of the Slovene Alps are classified within the Polygono-Trisetion alliance. These Trisetumflavescens dominated meso-trophic to eutrophic types of grassland are associated with humid, deeper soils, slightly acid to basic. They are widespread throughout the montane region of Central Europe (Ellmauer & Mucina 1993, Ellenberg 1996, Merz 2002). Extensively managed grasslands of the Polygono-Trisetion alliance are rich in plant species (Ellmauer & Mucina 1993). According to their floristical composition, meadows of the Polygono-Trisetion alliance represent the transition between the meadows that are characteristic of the lowland and the hay meadows of the montane region (Oberdorfer 1983). At lower altitudes Polygono-Trisetion meadows are replaced by Arrhenatherion grasslands of the order Arrhenatheretalia (Mucina 1993). The latter, more intensively managed grasslands, which tend to be associated with deeper, humid soils, are widely distributed in central Europe (Oberdorfer 1983, Ellmauer & Mucina 1993). Particularly high species diversity occurs in Arrhenatherion grasslands with Salvia pratensis, which are at the same time one of the most endangered plant communities of this alliance (Pott 1995, Ellenberg 1996). According to syntaxonomic aspects, they show a continuous transition into Bromion erecti-, Phyteu-mo-Trisetion - and Cynosurion-meadows (Ellmauer & Mucina 1993). The aim of the present study was to investigate the vegetation communities associated with Yellow Oat Grass (Trisetum flavescens) in the submontane and montane altitudinal belt of Slovenia. We hypothesized that (1) according to altitude, soil conditions and management, hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens may form different associations of the Polygono-Trisetion and Arrhenatherion alliances in which (2) due to lower nutrient input and the occurrence of plant species which are normally associated with natural subalpine meadows, species diversity was expected to increase with altitude. To study the syntaxonomic characteristics and ecological conditions of yellow oat grass plant communities, vegetation samples were taken across the transition zone of the Polygono-Trisetion and Arrhenatherion alliance between 400 m and 1500 m a.s.l. Besides yielding of its geographical distribution, a better understanding of the environmental factors responsible for the formation of different associations will help in assessing the current conservation status of this vegetation type in Slovenia. 2. METHODS Study area Relevés of hay meadows rich with Trisetum flave-scens were collected in the submontane and montane parts of Slovenia between 400 m and 1500 m a.s.l. Because of regionally prevailing patterns of land-use and the varying different altitudes, most samples were collected in the Alpine and pre-Alpine region, although grasslands with Yellow Oat Grass have also been found in the Dinaric region (Figure 1). The Alpine region occupies most of the northern and central parts of Slovenia. To the south it borders the Dinaric region which represents the most northerly part of the Dinaric Mountains. The Dinaric region covers most of the southern part of Slovenia. Both regions are characterised by the prevalence of carbonate rocks, i.e. limestone and dolomite (Kladnik 1998, 1998a). Only the Pohorje and Kozjak Mountains (Central Alps) are mainly composed of metamorphic, silicate rocks (Žiberna 1998). With a mean altitude and inclination of 732 m a.s.l. and 18°, respectively, the highest altitudes and largest inclinations in Slovenia are found in the Alpine region. The relief of the Alps is very diverse, and the high variation in altitude between valley bottoms and the higher peaks has a significant influence on local climates. In the Alps two types of climate prevail: a montane and a moderate continental climate. In the submontane and montane belt of the mountains, annual mean temperatures vary between 8° C and 10° C, while the annual mean air temperature exceeds 10° C only at the bottom of the Soča river valley between Kobarid and Tolmin. In the Alpine region the annual amount of precipitation increases with altitude and from east to west. The Julian Alps receive 3000 mm, higher altitudes in the Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe 2500 mm, and the western parts of the Karavanke Mountains < 2000 mm of annual precipitation, while at higher altitudes in the Pohorje Mountains, in the far east of the Alps, annual precipitations can be as high as 1500 mm. The Dinaric region is characterised by extensive high-altitude plateaus and lower land surrounded by higher mountains (podolja). On the high Dinaric plateaus, mean temperatures range between 6° C and 8° C. While overall annual precipitation amounts to approximately 1100 mm, the southern slopes of the Dinaric plateaus receive > 3000 mm of annual precipitation (Kladnik 1998, 1998a). Figure 1: Map of occurence Astrantio-Trisetetum association (□) and Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum associations (o) in investigated area. Slika 1: Karta pojavljanja asociacij Astrantio-Trisetetum (□) in Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (o) na območju popisovanja. Sampling methods and statistical analyses In 2005, 2006 and 2007, 91 relevés of grasslands with T. flavescens were collected between June and early August. These were compiled by using the standard procedure of the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet 1964, Westhoff & van der Maarel 1973, Dierschke 1994). For all 91 study plots (relevés), the following abiotic parameters were sampled: (1) location, (2) altitude (m a.s.l.), (3) exposure, (4) inclination (°), (5) geographic coordinates (subsequently, based on locations noted in the field), (6) pedo-logic units, and (7) number of species. Additionally some abiotic variables were estimated by weighted (species frequencies are weights) averages of Ellenberg indicator values (Ellenberg et al. 1991): (1) temperature; (2) moisture; (3) soil reaction (pH) and (4) nutrient availability. Additionally, 98 referential relevés of the studied grasslands from Slovenia (Čarni 2001: tab.1, relevés 8-18), Croatia (Horvatic & Tomažič 1941: relevés 1, and 3-6), Austria (Aichinger 1933: tab. 18, relevés 2-8, Steinbuch 1995, tab.13, relevés 14, 704, 584, 87, 191, 137, 212, 700, 9317, 69, 380, 9128, 16, 39, 40), Germany (Machold 1991: tab. III.1, relevés 1-10, Oberforster 1986: p. 102-104, relevés 26, 1, 20, 23, 24, 44, 57, 81, 173, 177, 101, 113, 132, 139, 184, 205, 69, 87, 95, 116, Dierschke 1994: p. 188-190) and Italy (Poldini & Oriolo 1994: tab. 7, relevés 1-14) were collected and included in the analysis. To classify Yellow Oat Grass grasslands according to their species composition, the species data set was composed of the 189 relevés (91 of our own relevés and the 98 referencial relevés from the literature). Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance data for the species were converted into a 2 to 9 scale (van der Maarel 1979). To differentiate the main associations of grasslands in which T. flavescens grows, this matrix was subjected to divisive clustering - Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN; Hill 1979) using WinTWINS version 2.3 (Hill & Šmilauer 2005). Additionally, we applied the ordination method - Principle component Analysis (PcA) (Goodal 1954) to differentiate the subassociations within the recognized associations. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) (Hill & Gauch 1980) was used to estimate the heterogeneity in the species data of our 91 relevés. Gradient length for the first DCA axis was 2.126, indicating that the linear ordination methods were suitable for the analysis. To relate the species composition of our 91 relevés to abiotic variables, Redundancy Discriminant Analysis (RDA) (van den Wollenberg 1977, ter Braak 2004) was used. To test whether abiotic variables were significantly related to species composition, we used the Monte Carlo permutation test (499 permutations). The effect of rare species was reduced by downweighting. The ordination methods (PCA, DCA, RDA) and visualization of these results were carried out using the canoco and cano Draw programs (ter Braak & Smilauer 2002). Geo-elements were determined according to Poldini (1991), and Raunkiaer's life forms according to Ellenberg & Mueller-Dombois (1967) and Poldini (1989, 1991). Nomenclature Taxonomic nomenclature follows Martincic et al. (2007) and syntaxonomic nomenclature follows Ellmauer & Mucina (1993), Knapp & Knapp (1952), and Steinbuch (1995). 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vegetation classification On the basis of the Twinspan classification, 189 relevés of grasslands with T. flavescens were defined as four main vegetation types - associations: Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp 1952, Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964, Centaureo transalpinae-Trisetetum Poldini et Oriolo 1994, and Lolio perennis-Cynosuretum Br-Bl. et De Leeuw 1936. While all our 95 relevés were classified within clusters representing the first two associations, the group (cluster) defined as the Lolio-Cynosuretum association included only ref-erencial relevés and was not included in further analysis. Syntaxonomical scheme: Class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 em. R. Tx.1970 Order Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Ellmauer et Mucina 1993 Alliance Polygono-Trisetion Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Marchall 1947 Association Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp ex Oberd. 1957 A.-T. typicum Knapp et Knapp 1952 A.-T. buphthalmetosum Knapp et Knapp 1952 A.-T. trollietosum Knapp et Knapp 1952 Order Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx. 1931 Alliance Arrhenatherion Koch 1926 Association Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964 P.-A. typicum Passarge 1964 P. A. medicagetosum lupulinae Passarge 1964 P.-A. lolietosum subass. nova Description of the associations Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp ex Oberd. 1957 (Table 1, rel. 1-44) With most samples collected between 600 m and 1200 m a.s.l., this vegetation type is distributed up to approximately 1500 m a.s.l. Following the occurrence of plant species with core distribution areas in adjoining montane perennial herbaceous vegetation zones (e.g. Mulgedio-Aconitetea), in comparison to the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum association (mean = 35 + 6.2 species per relevé), Astrantio-Trisetetum grasslands harbour a higher plant species diversity (mean = 52 + 7.5 species per relevé). Furthermore, with 238 recorded species they represent one of the most diverse plant communities in Slovenia. Diagnostic species (differentiating and constant species) of the association are as follows: Astrantia major, Tri-setum flavescens, Dactylis glomerata, Heracleum sphondylium, Festuca pratensis, Trollius europaeus, Tragopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis, Veronica chamaedrys, Crepis biennis, Hypericum maculatum, Veratrum album, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Buphthalmum salicifolium, Carex montana, Carlina acaulis, Lotus corniculatus Pimpinella saxifrage, Plantago lanceolata, Polygala vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Trifolium pratense, Anthyllis vulneraria, Bromopsis erecta, Centaurea jacea ssp. jacea, Festuca rubra, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum ircutianum, Linum catharticum, Primula veris, Thymus pulegioides, Trifolium montanum, Cirsium oleraceum, Luzula campestris, Trifolium alpestre, Campanula scheuchzeri, Galium album, Stellaria graminea, Bellis perennis, Knautia drymeia, Vicia cracca, Rhinanthus freynii and Salvia pratensis (Knapp & Knapp 1952; Machold 1991). The more extensive management of grasslands at higher altitudes appears to be the main reason for the presence of rather large numbers of the Festuco-Brometea dry grassland species, which we have found in this vegetation type. The most abundant were Anthyllis vulneraria, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Rhinanthus freynii, Pimpinella saxifraga and Salvia pratensis. The intergradion of different grassland types, in particular the As-trantio-Trisetetum and Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum association, causes an intermixing among species of both vegetation types, and problematizes of their syntaxonomy, i.e. in distinguishing the associations from each other. Within Astrantio-Trise-tetum, three subassociations can be distinguished (Table 1): (1) Astrantio-Trisetetum typicum (relevés 1-16, Table 1) was found in the lower to upper montane belt (Lom pod Storzicem, Koprivnik, Topla, Selce near Vrsno), mainly on slopes exposed to the south and west. It is characterised by the permanent presence of Astrantia major. Other species that were present in higher frequencies in these samples are: Potentilla erecta, Cruciata glabra, Trifolium alpestre, Rhinanthus freynii and Luzula campestris. (2) Astrantio-Trisetetum buphthalmeto-sum (relevés 17-40, Table 1) harbours the most diverse vegetation samples. This subassociation was found at higher altitudes (on average 914 m) and on slopes of higher inclination with more permanent water-flow and less intensive management. Consequently, species characteristic of dry grasslands, like Buphthalmum salicifolium, Gymnadenia conopsea, Galium verum ssp. verum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Pimpinella saxifraga, Allium carinatum, and Dianthus hyssopifolius were found in higher frequencies in these samples. Ecologically and floristically the subassociation represents the transition to the Brometalia erecti order. (3) Astrantio-Trisetetum trollietosum (relevés 41-44, Table 1) was found only on more humid soils. Therefore, the absence of Brometalia-species is characteristic of this subassociation. The regular presence of species from wet meadows, like Veratrum album, Lychnis flos-cuculi and Trollius europaeus, indicates the transition to the alliance Molinion. Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964 (Table 2, rel. 1-47) In comparison to Astrantio-Trisetetum grasslands, the current distribution of the Pastinaco-Arrhe- natheretum association appears to depend more on land-use patterns and grassland management. The grasslands of this association are not restricted to a particular phytogeographical region. In Slovenia the association is widespread in the prealpine phytogeographical region. Along the edges of the alpine phytogeographical region it is often replaced by Astrantio-Trisetetum, while in the Dinaric region, where the management of grasslands is usually more extensive, transitions towards the dry grasslands of order Brometalia erecti could be followed (Skornik 2001). Characteristic species of the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum association are Pastinaca sativa and Campanula patula (Steinbuch 1995). In addition, other me-sophilous species, like Achillea millefolium, Bel-lis perennis, Centaurea jacea subsp. jacea, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Knautia drymeia, Lath-yrus pratensis, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum ircutianum, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago lanceolata, Prunella vulgaris, Tragopogonpratensis subsp. orientalis, Trifolium medium, Trifolium pratense, Trisetum flavescens and Vicia cracca are well represented, with frequencies > 50%. In more eutrophic stands species of Cynosurion grasslands, like Lolium perenne, Erigeron annuus, Trifolium repens and Veronica chamaedrys are common. Within Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum we identified the following three subassociations: (1) Pas-tinaco-Arrhenatheretum typicum (relevés 1-25, Table 2) is mainly distributed across the submontane belt, mostly on flat terrain, where more moderate intensive management practises of grassland are common. Typical species are Arrhenatherum ela-tius, Holcus lanatus, Ranunculus acris subsp. acris, Stellaria graminea and Heracleum sphondylium. (2) Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum medicagetosum lu-pulinae shows thermophilic characteristics, and with higher abundance of Brometalia-species, like Briza media, Salvia pratensis, Anthoxanthum odora-tum, Pimpinella saxifrage, Knautia arvensis, Med-icago lupulina, Bromopsis erecta, and Galium verum ssp. verum, it represents the transition to the Brometalia erecti order (relevés 26-37, Table 2); (3) Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum lolietosum subass. nova (relevés 38-47, Table 2, holotypus hoc loco: Table 2/29), which represents floristically poorer stands (probably owing to a more intensive management regime) with a higher proportion of species characteristic of the Lolio-Cynosuretum association such as Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lolium perenne and Phleum pratense. CHOROLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND LIFE FORMS Most vegetation samples were taken in the central and northern parts of Slovenia; the presence of European, Euroasiatic and Eurosiberian geoele-ments in high proportions was thus expected (Figure 2). Indeed, approximately half of all species found during vegetation sampling belongs to these groups. In the Astrantio-Trisetetum association Mediterranean-montane species were also regularly found, while species of Illyrian, SouthEastern European or Pontic origin were present only at low frequencies < 2% (Figure 2). Owing to more intensive management cosmopolitan and adventive plants were more abundant in the Past-inaco-Arrhenatheretum association. % 80 70 60 50 40 s0 20 10 0 ■ Astrantio-Trisetetum □ Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum p A 25 -, 20 - 15 - 10 - 5 - ■ Astrantio-Trisetetum □ Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum I 1 l l J\ -dZL, PT A E EA ES CB IL P SA C ADV Figure 2: Chorological groups of the associations Astrantio-Trisetetum and Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. (Abbrevations: P - Paleotemperate, A - Alpine,M- Mediterranean, E - European, EA - Eurasia-,ESeEu-osibeeian, CB - Circumboreal, IL - Illyrian, P - Pontic, SA - Subatlan-tic, C - Cosmopolitans, ADV - Adventive plants). Slika 2: Geoelementna sestava asociacij Astrantio-Trisetetum in Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. (Okrajšave: P - paleotemperatne, A - alpinske, M - mediteranske, E - evropske, EA - evrazijske, ES - evrosibirske, CB - cirkumborealne, IL - ilirske, P - pontske, SA - suba-tlontske, C - kozmopoliti, ADV - adventivke). Both associations are dominated by hemi-cryptophytes and thus represent the characteristic type of central European anthropogenic grasslanid (Figure y). While we found more geophytes in stands of Astrantio-Trisetetum grasslands (11%), therophytes are more abundant in Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum association (ca. 10%). Figure 3: Specter of life forms of the associations Astrantio-Trisetetum and Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. Slika 3: Spekter življenjskih oblik v asociacijah Astrantio-Trisetetum in Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. Ecological conditions Figure 4 shows the effects of the abiotic variables on the species composition of these grasslands. In the RDA of all 91 vegetation relevés of the associations Astrantio-Trisetetum and Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum, relevé scores of axis 1 were positively correlated with altitude and pastures but negatively with meadows. The ordination biplot shows relevés of the Astrantio-Trisetetum association at the right side, which means that those stands are frequently associated with higher altitudes and are more often used as pasture than Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum stands. On the other hand stands of the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum association are characteristically used as meadows and associated with higher air temperatures (lower altitudes) and humid, nutrient-rich soils. Therefore, many mesic species from lowland, intensive-use grasslands like Arrhenatheretum ela-tius, Ranunculus acris, Dactylis glomerata, Tragopogon pratensis, Daucus carota, Plantago lanceolata, Erigeron annuus, Pastinaca sativa and Trifolium medium were found with higher frequencies in Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum meadows. The ordination biplot shows the species related to Astrantio-Trisetetum relevés on the right side. Species, such as Nardus stricta, Potentilla erecta, Polygala vulgar- 0 M Figure 4: RDA ordination diagram of relevés (n = 91, 108 species) and environmental variables of studied Trisetum flavescens grasslands in Slovenia. Eigenvalues: RDA axis 1 = 0.125; RDA axis 2 = 0.056. Shown species have the highest weight. The mean Ellenberg indicator values for temperature, moisture, soil reaction (pH) and nutrients were added as supplementary variables (dashed lines) without any effect on the analysis. O - relevés of Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum; • - relevés of Astrantio-Trisetetum. Abbrevations: S - south; N - nord; E - east; W - west; pH - soil reaction. Abbrevations of species are explained in Tables 1 and 2. Slika 4: Ordinacijski diagram RDA-analize popisov in okoljskih spremenljivk obravnavanih travišč. Lastne vrednosti: RDA os 1 = 0.125; RDA os 2 = 0.056. Prikazane so vrste z največjo težo. Vrednosti Ellenbergovih indeksov za temperaturo, vlažnost rastišča, kemijsko reakcijo tal (pH) in hranilnost tal so bile upoštevane kot pasivne spremenljivke in niso imele vpliva na rezultate analize. O - popisi asociacije Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum; • - popisi asociacije Astrantio-Trisetetum. Okrajšave: S - jug; N - sever; E - vzhod; W - zahod; pH - kemijska reakcija tal. Kratice vrst so obrazložene v tabelah 1 in 2. is, Plantago media and Euphorbia cyparissias, which are common for less humid and nutrient-poor soils, are at the bottom right. At the top right side appear species frequent in extensively used pastures at higher altitudes, such as Biscutella laevigata, Phyteuma orbiculare, Arnica montana and Veratrum album. Conservation implication In contrast to other central European countries which have formerly been a focus for the occurrence of Arrhenatherion and Trisetion grasslands (Oberdorfer 1983), stands of both alliances are currently still widespread in Slovenia. However, the ploughing up of grassland into arable fields and the sowing of commercial grass mixtures currently constitute the major problems for the maintenance of Arrhenatherion and Trisetion grassland habitats in Slovenia. According to Ellenberg (1996) the most appropriate management regime for typical Ar-rhenatherum elatius grassland involves cutting twice per year and fertilization with cattle manure. More intensive management impairs the vitality and abundance of plant species, while the application of liquid manure causes an increase in Apiaceae species, like Anthriscus sylvestris and Heracleum sphondylium, which decrease the nutri- ent value of meadows (Ellmauer & Mucina 1993). More intensively managed Arrhenatherion meadows are replaced even over a short time period by uniform, species-poor stands of the Cynosurion alliance (Oberdorfer 1983). Similar management regimes, with the application of cattle manure (each second year) and low cutting frequencies (1-2 cuttings per year), are also suggested for the maintenance of the Polygono-Trisetion grasslands being studied. Besides an appropriate, low to moderate intensity management, for maintaining a representative portion of Slovenia's T. flavescens grassland habitats, it will be necessary to establish a network of appropriately-sized, protected grassland areas that are span a range of altitudes in both the submontane and montane altitudinal belts. 4. CONCLUSIONS In the present study secondary grasslands dominated by Trisetum flavescens have been investigated throughout the submontane and montane regions of Slovenia. According to the plant species composition and abundance of the plants these grasslands were classified into two associations from two different alliances, i.e. (1) Astrantio-Trisetetum (Polygono-Trisetion alliance) and (2) Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (Arrhenatherion alliance). While stands of the Astrantio-Trisetetum association are found mainly at higher altitudes, stands of the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum association can be found at lower altitudes and on soils with higher nutrient content. Grasslands of the Astrantio-Trisetetum association are more species rich, with species characteristic of primary grasslands above the tree line. The high species richness of this vegetation type could also be explained as a consequence of low-intensity management. A topography that restricts the use of farm machinery, a shorter vegetation period and greater distances to farming estates are the main reasons for less frequent mowing at higher altitudes (Ellmauer & Mucina 1993). In contrast the dominant plant species of Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum indicate more intensive management. Besides the more intensive management, the neighbourhood of eutrophic stands of the Cynosurion alliance is another factor that exerts an essential influence on the species composition and diversity of Pasti-naco-Arrrhenatheretum grasslands. 5. POVZETEK Travišča s prevladujočim rumenkastim ovsen-cem (Trisetum flavescens) v submontanskih in montanskih predelih Slovenije V članku so predstavljene fitocenološke in ekološke značilnosti travišč s prevladujočim rumenkastim ovsencem (Trisetum flavescens) v montanskih in submontanskih predelih Slovenije. Vegetacijski popisi so bili vzorčeni na traviščih z zmerno intenzivnim gospodarjenjem, večinoma v letih 2005 in 2006, na nadmorski višini med 400 m in 1.500 m. Popisovanje vegetacijskih sestojev je potekalo po standardni srednjeevropski Braun-Blanqueto-vi metodi. Na terenu je bilo popisanih 91 sestojev obravnavanih travišč. Sintaksonomska pripadnost zbranih popisov je bila ugotovljena na osnovi primerjave lastnih popisov z 98 referenčnimi popisi iz literature s pomočjo multivariatnih statističnih metod (TWINSPAN, PCA, RDA analiz). Pri posameznih popisih so zabeleženi: (1) lokacija, (2) nadmorska višina (m), (3) nebesna lega, (4) naklon pobočja (°), (5) geografske koordinate, (6) pedološke enote in (7) število vrst. Za popise je podana ocena ekoloških razmer na rastiščih s pomočjo fitoindikatorskih metod (Ellenberg in sod. 1991), pri čemer so bili Ellenbergovi indeksi določeni za naslednje parametre: (1) temperaturo; (2) vlažnost rastišča; (3) kemijsko reakcijo tal (pH) in (4) hra-nilnost tal. Za določitev vpliva izbranih merjenih in ocenjenih okoljskih spremenljivk na floristično sestavo proučevanih travišč je bila uporabljena re-dundančna (RDA) analiza. Na osnovi statističnih analiz, floristične zgradbe in abundance vrst so bili obravnavni travniki in pašniki uvrščeni v dve asociaciji, in sicer v asociacijo Astrantio-Trisetetum (zveza Polygono-Trisetion) ter v asociacijo Pastinaco--Arrhenatheretum (zveza Arrhenatherion). Nadaljnja členitev na nižje sintaksonomske enote je pogojena predvsem z različno stopnjo intenzivnosti gospodarjenja s travišči, z edafskimi razmerami in nadmorsko všino. Tako so bile v asociaciji Astrantio--Trisetetum opisane naslednje nižje sintaksonomske skupine: (1) subasociacija Astrantio-Triseteum typi-cum, ki v sinekološkem smislu predstavlja prehode med redovoma Brometalia erecti in Molinietalia, (2) subasociacija Astrantio-Triseteum buphthalmetosum, ki je od vseh subasociacij vrstno najbogatejša in v ekološkem in florističnem pogledu predstavlja prehod med redom Brometalia erecti in osrednjo obliko asociacije Astrantio-Trisetetum, in (3) subasociacija Astrantio-Triseteum trollietosum, v kateri se pojavljajo značilnice vlažnih travišč. Asociacijo Pastinaco- Arrhenatheretum delimo na naslednje nižje sinta-ksonomske enote: (1) subasociacijo Pastinaco-Arr-henatheretum typicum, za katero je značilna zmerna gospodarska raba travišč, (2) termofilno subasociacijo Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum medicagetosum lupu-linae z večjo prisotnostjo vrst suhih travišč in (3) subasociacijo Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum lolietosum subass. nova, kjer je vnos hranilnih snovi večji. Rezultati redundančne analize, narejeni na osnovi floristične sestave ter merjenih in ocenjenih okoljskih dejavnikov, so pokazali, da je vrstna sestava obravnavanih travišč v najmočnejši povezavi z nadmorsko višino in načinom gospodarjenja (paša ali košnja). Travišča asociacije Astrantio-Tri-setetum so tako predvsem pašniki, ki se pojavljajo na višjih nadmorskih višinah, sestoji asociacije Pa-stinaco-Arrhenatheretum pa košeni travniki na nižjih nadmorskih višinah, floristična sestava pa nakazuje s hranili bogata tla. V sestojih obeh asociacij prevladujejo evropske, evrazijske in evrosibirske vrste, v asociaciji Astrantio-Trisetetum pa se pogosteje pojavljajo tudi mediteransko-montanske vrste; koz-mopolitov in adventivk pa je več v asociaciji Pasti-naco-Arrhenatheretum. Od življenjskih oblik v obeh asociacijah prevladujejo hemikriptofiti. V asociaciji Astrantio-Trisetetum so razmeroma pogosti še geofi-ti, v asociaciji Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum pa terofiti. Travišča zvez Polygono-Trisetion in Arrhenatherion so v Sloveniji še razmeroma pogosta, vendar se zaradi povečane intenzivne rabe, njihove površine na številnih območjih spreminjajo v vrstno revnejše sestoje ljulke ali travniškega lisičjega repa. Z vidika biotske raznovrstnosti je problematično tudi izginjanje travišč zaradi povečanega obsega obdelovalnih površin, zaradi sejanja travnih mešanic in fragmentacije teh travišč. Za ohranjanje diverzitete vrst ter strukture in funkcije obravnavanih travišč bi bilo potrebno primerno upravljanje - zmerno gnojenje in košnja enkrat ali dvakrat na leto oziroma kombiniranje košnje in paše. Določena travišča na večjih površinah, ki so dovolj reprezentativna s karakterističnimi vrstami, pa bi bilo potrebno zajeti v ustrezni varstveni režim in omogočiti disperzijo njihovih vrst (z migracijskimi koridorji oz. s trans-humanco). 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research was carried out in the research programme "Biodiversity'"'(contract number P1-0078) headed by B. KRYSTUFEK, and founded by the Slovenian Research Agency. I. DAKSKOBLER and two anonymous authors have made a significant contribution to revision of the article. 6. REFERENECES Aichinger, E. 1933: Vegetationskunde der Kara-vanken. Pflanzensociologie, 2, Jena, G. Fischer. Atkinson, P.W., Buckingham, D. & Morris, A. J. 2004: What factors determine where invertebrate-feeding birds forage in dry agricultural grasslands? Ibis 146: 99-107. Čarni, A. 2001: Vegetation of Cultivated grasslands in the Goričko region (NE Slovenia). Acta Biologica Slovenica 44 (4) 13-27. Dierschke, H. 1994: Pflanzensociologie. Grundlagen und methoden. Ulmer, Sttutgart. Dierschke, H. 2002: Kulturgrasland. Wiesen, Weiden und verwandte Staudenflora. Stuttgart, E. Ulmer. Ellenberg, H. 1996: Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in ökologischer, dynamischer und historischer Sicht. 5. Aufl. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart. Ellenberg, H., Weber, H.E., Düll, R., Wirth, V. & Werner, W. 2001: Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobotanica 18, Göttingen. Ellmauer, T. & Mucina, L. 1993: Molinio-Arrhenthe-retea. In: Mucina, L., Grabherr G. & Ellmauer, T. (eds.): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil I. Anthropogene Vegetation. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart: 297-401. Gomez-Pompa, A. & Kaus, A. 1992: Taming the wilderness myth. Bioscience 42: 271-279. Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. 1980: Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved technique. Vegetatio 42:47-58. Hill, M.O. & Šmilauer, P. 2005: TWINSPAN for Windows version 2.3. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology & University of South Bohemia, Huntingdon & Česke Budejovice. Horvatic, S., Tomažič, G. 1941: Travniška vegetacija reda Arrhenatheretalia v nižinskem pasu Slovenije. Zbornik prirodoslovnega društva, 2: 68-75. Jongman, R.H.G., ter Braak C. J. F. & van Tongeren O.F.R. 1995: Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Kladnik, D. & Gabrovec, M. 1998: Raba tal. In: Fridl, J. et al. (eds.): Geografski atlas Slovenije. DZS, Ljubljana. Kladnik, D. 1998: Alpski svet. In: Perko, D. & Orožen Adamič, M. (eds.): Slovenija, pokrajine in ljudje. Založba Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana, pp.34-53. Kladnik, D. 1998a: Dinarski svet. In: Perko, D. & Orožen Adamič, M. (eds.): Slovenija, pokrajine in ljudje. Založba Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana, pp. 296-311. Knapp, G., Knapp, R. 1952: Über die Goldhafer-Wiesen (Trisetetum jlavescentis) im nördlichen Vorarlberg und im Obrallgäu. Landwirt. Jahrb. Bayern, 29: 239-256. Machold, C. 1991: Die Trespenwiesen des Walgaus. Diplomarbeit, Univ. Wien. Marinček, L. 1987: Bukovi gozdovi na Slovenskem. Delavska enotnost, Ljubljana. Martinčič, A., Wraber, T., Jogan, N., Ravnik, V., Podobnik, A., Turk, B. & Vreš, B. 2007: Mala flora Slovenije. Ključ za določanje praprotnic in se-menk. Tehniška založba Slovenije, Ljubljana. McCracken, D.I. & Tallowin, J.R. 2004: Swards and structure: the interection between farming practices and bird food resources in lowland grasslands. Ibis 146: 108-114. McKinney, M.L. & Lockwood, J.L. 1999: Biotic homogenisation: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14: 450-453. Oberforster, M. 1986: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Böden und vegetation von Futterwisen, Weiden und Feuchtbeständen im Oberösterreichischen Voralpengebiet (Untersuchungen in den Gemeinden Grossraming und Maria Neustift). Diplomarbeit, Univ. f. Bodenkultur, Wien. Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Klasse: Molinio-Arrhenathere-tea Tx. 37 (em. Tx. et Prsg. 51). In: Oberdorfer, E. (ed.), Süddeutsche Pflanzengesellschaften. Teil III. 2. Aufl. pp. 346-436. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. Pärtel, M., Bruun, H.H. & Sammul, M. 2006: Biodiversity in temperate European grasslands: origin and conservation. Grassland Science in Europe 10:14. Poldini, L & Oriolo, G. 1994: La vegetatione dei prati da sfalcio e dei pascoli intensive (Arrhe-natheretalia e Poo-Trisetetalia) in Fruli (NE Italia). Studia Geobotanica 14(1): 3-48. Poldini, L. 2001: Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli - Venezia Giulia. Inventario floristico regionale. Unversita degli studi di Trieste dipartemento di biologia, Udine. Pott, R. 1995: Die Pflanzengesellschaften Deutschlands. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart. Seliškar, A. 1993: Übersicht der Wiesenvegetation der Kamniško-Savinjske Alpen. In: Zupančič, M. (ed.): Flora in vegetacija Kam-niško-Savinjskih Alpe. Flora und Vegetation der Kamniško-Savinjske Alpen. Referati. Biološki inštitut ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana. Steinbuch, E. 1995: Wiesen und Weiden der Ost-, Süd- und Weststeiermark. Dissertationes Botanica. Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, Stuttgart. Swift M.J., Vandermeer, P.S., Ramakrishnan, J.M., Anderson, C.K. Ong & Hawkins, B.A. 1996: Biodiversity and Agroecosystem Function. In: Mooney, H. A. (ed.): Functional roles of biodiversity: a global perspective. Chiches-ter, J. Wiley & sons. Škornik, S. 2000: Suha in polsuha travišča reda Brometalia erecti Koch 1926 v Sloveniji. Doktorska disertacija. Univerza v Ljubljani. Biotehniška fakulteta. Oddelek za biologijo. Ter Braak, C.J.F. & Šmilauer, P. 2002: CANOCO reference manual and CnoDraw for Windows user's guide. Software for Cannonical Community Ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, New York, USA. Walker, K.J., Stevens, P.A., Stevens, D.P., Mount-ford, J.O., Manchester, S.J. & Pywell, R.F. 2004: The restoration and re-creation of species-rich lowland grassland on land formerly managed for intensive agriculture in the UK. Biological Conservation 119: 1-18. Westhoff, V. & van der Maarel, E. 1973: Ordination and classification of communities. Handbook of Vegetation Science 5: 617-737, Junk. The Hague. Wilson, J.D., Evans, A.D. & Grice, P.V. 2009: Bird Conservation and Agriculture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, 394 pp. Žiberna, I. 1998: Strojna, Kozjak in Pohorje. In: Perko, D., Orožen Adamič, M. (ed.): Slovenija, pokrajine in ljudje. Založba Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana, pp. 142-155. Received 1. 12. 2010 Revision received 6. 5. 2012 Accepted 8. 5. 2012 7. APPENDIX Appendix to the table 1: Localities, dates of the relevés and species, occurring in one relevé only. Dodatek k tabeli 1: Lokalitete popisanih sestojev, datumi popisov ter vrste, ki se pojavljajo samo v enem popisu. 1: Koprivnik (Bohinj), 15.7.2005, Phleum phle-oides, Vaccaria pyramidata; 2: Brčev rovt (Hrasti), 17.7.2005, Peucedanum austriacum, P. cervaria; 3: Brčev rovt (Hrasti), 3.7.2006; 4: Lom pod Storžičem, 4.7.2006; 5: Jelendol, 6.8.2006; 6: Završnik, 8.8.2006; 7: pod Storžičem, 4.7.2006; 8: pod Kofcami, 5.7.2006; 9: Završnik, 8.8.2006; 10: Grahovše, 10.7.2005, Campanula rotundifolia; 11: Jezersko, 19.7.2006; 12: Koprivnik (Bohinj), 26.7.2006; 13: Cirkuše (Tuhinjska dolina), 7.7.2006; 14: Topla, 24.6.2006, Arabidopsis thaliana; 15: Selce pod Vrsnim, 22.7.2005; 16: Lom pod Storžičem, 4.7.2006; 17: Potarje, 10.7.2005, Trifo-lium aureum; 18: Brčev rovt (Hrasti), 17.7.2005, Lathyrus tuberosus, Polygonatum vericillatum, Vac-cinium vitis-idaea; 19: Gozd, 18.7.2005, Helleborus odorus; 20: Brčev rovt (Hrasti), 3.7.2006, Polygala comosa; 21: pod Kriško goro, 24.7.2006, Aconitum vulparia, Scabiosa lucida; 22: Robanova planina, 7.7.2005, Salvia verticillata; 23: Bohinj (Kranjska dolina), 15.7.2005, Brachypodium rupestre, Luzula sylvatica, Thesium linophyllon, T. pyrenaicum; 24: Pikovo, 22.6.2005; 25: pod Kofcami, 5.7.2006; 26: Podpeca, 22.6.2005, Alchemilla glaucescens; 27: Zg. Jezersko, 18.7.2005; 28: Zg. Jezersko, 18.7.2005; 29: Korensko sedlo, 20.7.2005; 30: pod Kofcami, 5.7.2006; 31: Gozd, 24.7.2006; 32: Prevala, 14.7.2005, Carduus crispus, Carex nigra, Knautia longifolia, Orchis ustulata, Plantago major, Stachys alpina, Soldanella alpina, Verbascum nigrum; 33: Vršič-Trenta, 21.7.2005, Aster amel-lus, Carduus crassifolius ssp. glaucus, C. nutans, Dianthus barbatus, Epipactis atrorubens, Erigeron acris, Scorzonera rosea; 34: Trenta, 21.7.2005; 35: Trenta, 21.7.2005; 36: Marija Snežna (Breginj), 22.7.2005, Peucedanum schottii, Rumex alpestris, Sedum maximum; 37: Lepena, 22.7.2005; 38: Ra-dovna, 20.7.2005, Ajuga genevensis, Cirsium arvense, Lythrum salicaria, Melittis melissophyllum; 39: Vrsno, 22.7.2005, Convolvulus arvensis; 40: Pikovo, 22.6.2005, Medicagofalcata, Selinium car-vifolia; 41: pod Storžičem, 4.7.2006, Cirsium ri-vulare, Vicia sylvatica; 42: Zatrnik, 26.7.2006; 43: Lom pod Storžičem, 4.7.2006; 44: Robanov kot, 25.6.2006, Veronica officinalis. Appendix to the table 2: Localities, dates of the relevés and species, occurring in one relevé only. Dodatek k tabeli 2: Lokalitete popisanih sestojev, datumi popisov ter vrste, ki se pojavljajo samo v enem popisu. 1: Podvoljek, 25.6.2006; 2: Sober (Kozjak), 1.7.2006; 3: Sopotnica pri Skofji Loki, 6.7.2006; 4: Modrič (Pohorje), 23.6.2006, Centaurea cyanus; 5: Malo Tinje, 23.6.2006; 6: Lenart pri Gornjem Gradu, 25.6.2006, Campanula rapunculoides; 7: Podolševa, 24.6.2006, Cardaminopsis halleri; 8: Podlom (pod Podvoljekom), 25.6.2006; 9: Malo Tinje, 23.6.2006; 10: Pesnik (Pohorje), 23.6.2006, Carex montana, Viola tricolor; 11: Topla, 24.6.2006; 12: Planina pod Sumikom, 23.6.2006; 13: Bohinjska Bela, 26.7.2006, Medicago falcata; 14: Obrne, 26.7.2006; 15: Selo pri Bledu, 31.7.2006; 16: Hlebce pri Lescah, 31.7.2006; 17: Jelendol, 6.8.2006; 18: Cimper (Tržič), 8.8.2006, Astrantia major; 19: Vetrno, 18.7.2005, Melittis mellisophyllum; 20: Veliko Tinje, 23.6.2006; 21: Topla, 24.6.2006, Melica nutans; 22: Podvoljek, 25.6.2006; 23: Tiro-sek (pred Smiklavžem), 25.6.2006, Ononis arvensis; 24: Maček pod Sobrom, 16.6.2006, Carex brizoides, Vicia dumetorum; 25: Kebelj, 23.6.2006; 26: Četna ravan, 6.7.2006, Carlina vulgaris; 27: Tuhinjska dolina, 9.6.2006, Chamaecytisushirsutus, Inulasalicina; 28: Stara Fužina, 15.7.2006; 29: Slatna (Begunje), 31.7.2006, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium; 30: Grčarice, 29.7.2007, Verbascum austriacum, Calamagrostis vi-losa, Reseda lutea; 31: Retje, 30.7.2007, Aquilegia atrata, Cirsium pannonicum, Inula hirta, Lilium bul-biferum, Rhinanthus minor, Scabiosa columbaria; 32: Breginj, 22.7.2005, Carex divulsa, Erigeron acris, Fragaria vesca, Geranium phaeum, Teucrium cha-maedrys; 33: Breznica pod Lubnikom, 6.7.2006; 34: Sober (Kozjak), 1.7.2006, Carexfritschii; 35: Kozjak (kmetija Sluga), 1.7.2006, Dianthus armeria; 36: Rdeči breg (pod Kamenikom), 1.7.2006, Reseda luteola; 37: Florjan pri Gornjem Gradu, 25.6.2006, Lathyrussylvestris; 38: Cerkno, 6.7.2006; 39: Zvirče, 31.7.2006; 40: Zg. Fužine, 18.7.2005, Cichorium intybus, Lolium temulentum; 41: Čeplez (Cerkno), 6.7.2006, Acinos alpinus; 42: proti Bašlju, 24.7.2006; 43: Sr. vas v Bohinju, 15.7.2005; 44: Jarčje brdo, 20.7.2005, Fragaria viridis, Gentia-na asclepiadea, Lathyrus hirsutus, Lysimachia vulgaris; 45: Dolenčice, 20.7.2005, Dianthus barbatus; 46: Bašelj, 10.7.2005, Agrimonia eupatoria, Plantago major, Polygonum aviculare, Ranunculus repens; 47: Povje, 10.7.2005, Cerastium arvense, Pedicularis verticillata. Table 1: Analytical table of the association Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp ex Oberd. 1957. Tabela 1: Analitična tabela asociacije Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp ex Oberd. 1957 Number of relevé (Številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Altitude (m) (Nadmorska višina) 950 620 615 680 860 900 860 975 880 860 900 1005 600 1180 420 625 Releve area (m) (Velikost popisne ploskve) 50 25 25 50 50 50 25 25 50 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 Exposition (Lega) NE S S N NE SW NW SW W SW W W S S 0 E Inclination (°) (Naklon pobočja) 5 20 20 5 35 5 20 30 30 20 10 30 35 30 0 5 X-coordinate 5 8 5 7 0 78 3 0 01 9 0 4 5 4 5 0 6 2 3 3 64 7 94 0 3 01 8 8 2 (X-koordinata) 63 9 3 5 9 3 21 4 5 9 3 8 448 97 449 79 447 3 5 4 8 448 8 448 8 448 8 448 47 7 4 70 447 46 8 4 3 6 4 Y-coordinate 7 94 9 2 3 7 3 9 8 9 9 0 4 6 4 7 2 0 2 64 3 7 9 9 3 3 8 5 2 7 8 5 (Y-koordinata) 99 06 2 98 2 23 3 33 3 34 3 39 3 51 3 56 3 56 3 57 3 57 3 71 3 79 3 93 00 14 Pedologic cartographic unit B CL B CL B CL T3 s E B CL CL T3 :> CL CL CL T3 :> CL E u P- E C ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ C c c c ^ c ^ c ^ c ^ ^ ^ c ^ ^ ^ c ^ ^ ^ ^ MD 6 1 0 7 0 0 8 8 0 0 3 0 3 0 8 7 5 9 4 0 6 6 3 5 0 5 1 2 9 8 3 9 3 4 4 4 8 14 8 14 9 4 3 7 0 9 3 3 8 7 8 7 4 2 11 0 0 11 0 14 2 2 3 0 0 0 2 11 5 0 14 11 11 11 0 11 0 11 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 57 56 56 54 45 62 65 55 49 49 37 37 62 58 61 47 55 53 44 57 35 67 49 64 55 49 43 58 2 1 + 1 1 + 2 + 2 + + 3 + 2 2 3 2 2 2 + + 1 V + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + IV + + + + + + + + + + 1 2 + + 1 + + 1 + 1 IV 3 3 2 3 2 + + 1 3 2 3 3 III 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 3 3 + 3 3 1 1 2 + + V 4 3 2 2 1 + 2 1 3 + 2 2 1 + 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 V + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + III 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + 1 2 1 1 III + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + 2 + + + + III + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + II + + + 2 + + + + + II + + + + + + + + + + II + + + . + + . + + + + + + + . IV II II I + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + IV II + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 3 5 4 4 4 3 + + + + + + Number of relevé (Številka popisa)_1 2 B 4 5 6 l 8 9 10 11 12 1B 14 15 16 Ranunculus acris ssp. acris RANUACRI + + + + + 1 1 Pastinaca sativa PASTSATI Arrhenatherion Koch 1926 Galium album GALIALBU + + + + + + + + + + + Pimpinella major PIMPMAJO + + + + + + Equisetum arvense EQUIARVE + + Daucus carota DAUCCARO 1 Geranium pratense GERAPRAT Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx. 1931 Stellaria gramínea STELGRAM + B 2 2 1 + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 2 + 1 Helictotrichon pubescens HELIPUBE 1 1 + 1 + + + 1 + B + Colchicum autumnale COLCAUTU + + + + + + + + + + Holcus lanatus HOLCLANA + + 1 1 + + 2 1 2 Crepis biennis CREPBIEN + + + + + Medicago lupulina MEDILUPU + + + Heracleum sphondylium HERASPON + + + + + Cynosurus cristatus CYNOCRIS + + 1 + Alopecurus pratensis ALOPPRAT + + + + Aquilegia vulgaris AQUIVULG + + Rumex obtusifolius RUMEOBTU + Bromus hordeaceus BROMHORD + Cynosurion R. Tx. 1947 Bellis perennis BELLPERE + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Prunella vulgaris PRUNVULG + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + Veronica chamaedrys VEROCHAM + + + + + + + + + + + + Phleum pratense PHLEPRAT + + + + + Trifolium repens TRIFREPE + + + Capsella bursa-pastoris CAPSBUPA + + Erigeron annuus ERIGANNU + Lolium perenne LOLIPERE + Molinion Koch 1926 Parnassia palustris PARNPALU Senecio integrifolius SENEINTE Gentiana asclepiadea GENTASCL + Primula veris PRIMVERI + Serratula tinctoria SERRTINC + Molinietalia Koch 1926 Betónica officinalis BETOOFFI + + 1 + Molinia caerulea MOLICAER 1 Succisa pratensis SUCCPRAT Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 19Bl em. R. Tx. 19l0 Trisetum flavescens TRISFLAV + + 4 B 4 4 B B 4 B 4 B 2 4 4 Dactylis glomerata DACTGLOM + + 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 Leucanthemum ircutianum LEUCIRCU B + 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 + 1 2 2 + 2 Achillea millefolium ACHIMILL 1 + + 1 + 1 1 1 + + + 1 1 + Centaurea jacea ssp. jacea CENTJACE + + + + + + + + + + + + Lotus corniculatus LOTUCORNI + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + Knautia drymeia KNAUDRYM + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vicia cracca VICICRAC + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tragopogon pratensis ssp. orientalis TRAGPRAT + + + + + + + + + + + + Lathyrus pratensis LATHPRAT + + + + + + + + + + 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Pres. + + + + + + 1 II + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + IV + + + + 3 + II + + + I + + + + + + + + 2 2 1 2 1 + 3 2 2 2 + 1 2 2 + 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 V 1 1 + + 1 + + + 2 + + 2 2 4 4 2 + + 2 IV + + + + + + + + + + + III 2 + 2 + + 1 3 + + + 2 + II + + + + + + + + + + II + + + + + + + + + + II + + + + + + II + + + + + + I + 1 + 1 + I + + + + + I + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + V 1 + 1 + 1 + + + + + + 1 1 + + + III + + + + + + + + III + + + I + + + + I + + + + I + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + II + + + + + + 4 + 5 3 + + + 4 3 5 + 1 5 4 4 + + + 5 + + + + 3 3 4 1 4 V 1 1 2 1 2 + + 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + 2 1 1 1 1 + V 2 2 + 2 + + + 3 2 2 2 + + 1 2 + + + + 3 1 + 3 1 V + + + + + + 1 + + + + + 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 + 1 1 + + V 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + 2 + + + + IV 1 + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + + + + 1 + 1 1 + + IV + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + IV + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + IV + + + + + + + + + + + III 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + III Number of relevé (Številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Trifolium pratense TRIFPRAT 2 2 + + 1 1 2 + 1 1 + Plantago lanceolata PLANLANC 1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 + Leontodon hispidus LEONHISP + + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + Festuca rubra FESTRUBR 1 + Euphrasia rostkoviana EUPHROST + + + + + Taraxacum officinale TARAOFFI + + + + Festuca pratensis FESTPRAT 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 + Deschampsia cespitosa DESCCESP + + + + Rumex acetosa RUMEACET Poa pratensis POAPRAT + + Poa trivialis POATRIV 1 + + 1 Holcus mollis HOLCMOLL Ajuga reptans AJUGREPT Mesobromion Br.-Bl. et Moor 38 em. Oberd. 49 Anthyllis vulneraria ANTHVULN + + + + + + + + + + Prunella grandiflora PRUNGRAN + + + + + + + Thymus pulegioides THYMPULE + + 1 + 1 + 1 + + + 1 Plantago media PLANMEDI + 1 + 1 + + Polygala vulgaris POLYVULG + + + + + + + + Carex flacca CAREFLAC + + + + + Knautia arvensis KNAUARVE + + + + + + + + Carlina acaulis CARLACAU + + + + Silene vulgaris SILEVULG + + + + Campanula glomerata CAMPGLOM + + + Inula salicina INULSALI + + + + Acinos alpinus ACINALPI + + Valeriana officinalis VALEOFFI 1 + + Gentianella germanica GENTGERM + Melica nutans MELINUTA Carlina vulgaris CARLVULG + Origanum vulgare ORIGVULG Veronica teucrium VEROTEUR Galium lucidum GALILUCI + Chamaespartium sagittale CHAMSAGI Gentiana cruciata GENTCRUC + Trifolium montanum TRIFMONT + + Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944 Rhinanthus freynii RHINALEC + 2 + + 1 1 + + 2 1 + + + + Salvia pratensis SALVPRAT + + + + + + + + + + + Euphorbia cyparissias Helianthemum ovatum Centaurea scabiosa Cuscuta epithymum Anthericum ramosum Filipendula vulgaris Asperula cynanchica Helianthemum grandiflorum Sanguisorba minor Scabiosa columbaria Carduus defloratus Cirsium pannonicum Hieracium praeltum Linum catharticum Melica ciliata Ononis spinosa EUPHCYPA HELIOVAT CENTSCAB CUSCEPIT ANTHRAMO FILIVULG ASPRCYNA HELIGRAN SANGMINO SCABCOLU CARDDEFLO CIRSPANN HIERPRAE LINUCATH MELICILI ONONSPIN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 -Pres. . . 1 . . 3. 3. 2.. + . 2.. + .1. 122+.. + III . . 2 + . . . + .+ + + +.1. . . . + .13 + .1.+II + ..1.++.1... + 11.. ++.. + . + 1111 II . . + . .1 + +. + . + . . .12 + 23 + +. 2. . . .II . . + . .++.....+ . . .++. . . + . . . + . .II + . . . . + . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . 2. . + 11.1. ..22........1.1. 1 I . . . . 1.......+ . . . +...........I .......+ . + ... + ... + ... +......I .......1 . . . . + 1 . 1.......1 ... 1 + .........2.............2.1..+ .......2. +.............1....+ .....+...........+..........+ . + .+ + + + + + + + + +. + . + . + . . + .+ +. . .IV + + + + +.........+ + + + + +. +......III + . . + . + .+ + +. . +..........+ + + . .II + + +. .3. . 1 + . + . . .+ + + + 11 +.....+ II + . . . . + + . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . II . + . + + . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . + II +..........+ +.............+ . II . + . . + + . + . . . . + . . . + . + . . . + . . . . . II . . . + . +.......+ + +.....+ . . . . + + II . . . + . . +......+ . + . + . + . . . + . . + . II + + + . . + . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . II .....+..........+ + +. +.......I .....+................++....I + ....++.....................+ .....+ . +...............+ ....+ .....+......................+ .....+.........+............+ . . . +........+...............+ 1 .... +......................+ ............+ . +.............+ .....+......................+ ............................+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Number of relevé (Številka popisa) Nardion Br.-Bl. 1926 Polygonum viviparum POLYVIVI Leontodon helveticus LEONHELV Campanula barbata CAMPBARB Ranunculus carinthiacus RANUCARI Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944 Anthoxanthum odoratum ANTHODO Rumex acetosella RUMEACET Hypericum maculatum HYPEMACU Arnica montana ARNIMONT Carex pallescens CAREPALL Dactylorhiza maculata DACTMACU Hypericum perforatum HYPEPERF Carex pilulifera CAREPILU Nardus stricta NARDSTRI Antennaria dioica ANTEDIOI Calluna vulgaris CALLVULG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2111121 + . + + + . + 4 + + + . + + + + . + 22 + + . + Seslerietalia coeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Betonica alopecuros BETOALOP + Phyteuma orbiculare PHYTORBI + Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei T. Müller 1961 Trifolium medium TRIFMEDI Orobanche sp. OROBSP Lilium bulbiferum LILIBULB Lilium carniolicum LILICARN + + + + + + + + + + 2 + 3 Vaccionio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939 em. Pass. 63 Deschampsia flexuosa DESCFLEX Luzula luzuloides LUZULUZU Melampyrum pratense MELAPRAT Maianthemum bifolium MAIABIFO Calamagrostis arundinacea CALAARUN Luzula luzulina LUZULUZU + 2 + . + + + Origanetalia Th. Müller 61 Clinopodium vulgare Laserpitium latifolium Carex spicata Polygonatum odoratum Trifolium rubens CLINVULG LASELATI CARESPIC POLYODOR TRIFRUBE Other species Cruciata glabra CRUCGLAB 2 2 1 Biscutella laevigata BISCLAEV Alchemilla xanthochlora ACHEXANT Phyteuma zahlbruckneri PHYTZAHL Primula vulgaris PRIMVULG Achillea sp. ACHISP Tofieldia calyculata TOFICALY Sedum sp. SEDUM Silene nutans SILENUTA Astrantia carniolica ASTRCARN Scabiosa triandra SCABTRIA Vincetoxicum hirundinaria VINCHIRU 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 . + . . . . + + . + . + + . + . . . . + + . . . . . . . + . + . + . . . 2 + + t t + + t t + + t t t ï 2 t t t t t t t t t t 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Pres. + + + + + + + + + + + + + 222. + + + + + 3. 221 . + . . + 222 + 1 . . 1 IV . . . . + + + +.++. + . .++. . + . + . . + + + +III + +. + .1 +.....1. + 1...1..1 + +..+III . + . + .. +.....+ ... +...........I ..........................+ + I .....+ ..++..............+ . + .I . . 1.1.....++.........2... + . .I ............+...............+ ............+ .. +.........+ ..+ ......+.....................+ ............................+ . . . . + + . + . + . . . . . + + + 1 + 1 . . + . . . + II . . . . + + + + . + + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . II + 21 + ..2.1.1 + .1 +......+ ..1 + 21IV . + +... +............+ . +......I .......++..........+ ... + . ... I . . . . +......................+ + + 1 + 2+........2. . . .3 + . + .+ +. + . .III . + .... +.....+ .. +......+.....I + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . I . +......+..................+ + ................+ . +.........+ .........................+ . . + . . . +...........+ ...++. +.....I . + .... +.....................I .................++.........+ .................++.........+ + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + + + 1 + 1 + +++ +. ++ +. + + + 1 + + + + + . + . . . . . + + +++ +. ++ .+ + + 1 ++++2 +++ ++++ +1 + 1 . + + +++++ . + + + . + . + . . . + + + + . . + . . . + + . + . + . . 2 +++ ++++ IV + + + + + + + ++ + ++ + + ++ + + + + + + + + HACqUETIA 11/2 • 2012, 179-207 Number of relevé (Številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 l S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Petrorhagia saxífraga PETRSAXI .......+ . Thalictrum aquilegüfolium THALAQUI . . . + . . + .. + .... Trifolium campestre TRIFCAMP . + . . . +..... Campanula trachelium CAMPTRACH .....+ . . . Helleborus niger HELLNIG + . . . . Centaurea phrygia ssp. pseudophrygia CENTPHRY .......+ . Aquilegia sp. AQUIESP Vicia sepium VICISEPI Viola tricolor VIOLTRIC Alchemilla glabra ALCHGLAB .......+ . Phyteuma ovatum PHYTOVAT ......+ . . Chamaecytisus supinus CHAMSUPI Rhinanthus glacialis RHINGLAC Cirsium eriophorum CIRSERIO Table 2: Analytical table of the association Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964. Tabela 2: Analitična tabela asociacije Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964. Number of relevé (Številka popisa)_1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Altitude (m) (Nadmorska višina) Relevé area (m) (Velikost popisne ploskve) Exposition (Lega) Inclination (°) (Naklon pobočja) X-coordinate (X-koordinata) Y-coordinate (Y-koordinata) Pedologic cartographic unit (Pedološka kartografska enota - FAO) Pedologic cartographic unit (Pedološka kartografska enota - PKE) Cover (%) (Pokrovnost) Number of species (Število vrst) Characteristic and differentiating species of the association Campanula patula CAMPPATU .+ + + + +.+ + + + +.....+ Pastinaca sativa PASTSATI ............+ 1+ + + 1 Characteristic and differentiating species of the subassociation typicum Passarge 1964 Arrhenatherum elatius ARRHELAT 4 3 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 3 3 . 4 4 4 3 4 4 Holcus lanatus HOLCLANA 1 2 + 3 3 2 + 1 3 + 1 1 + + 1 1 1 Stellaria graminea STELGRAM 1 + l 2 l2 l 1 1 1 1 1 . + 2 Ranunculus acris ssp. acris RANUACRI 1 + + l + + 1 + + 1 + + + + + + Heracleum sphondylium HERASPHO + + . + . + + + + Characteristic and differentiating species of the subassociation medicagetosum lupulinae Passarge 1964 Anthoxanthum odoratum ANTHODO 2 2 + 2 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 . + Briza media BRIZMEDI 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 2. + + + Salvia pratensis SALVPRAT + + + + . + + + + + + Knautia arvensis KNAUARVE l + + + + + . . + + + Pimpinella saxifraga PIMPSAXI + + + + + + + . + + Medicago lupulina MEDILUPU 1 . + + + + + Galium verum ssp. verum GALIVERU + + + + + . + + Bromopsis erecta BROMEREC + . + + 56O 4lO SOO l4O 69O 650 1000 900 690 1100 1100 1000 500 520 500 50l S30 620 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 50 25 50 25 50 50 W S SW S S S S S S E S S 0 0 0 0 0 SW 30 2O 10 10 5 40 5 15 10 20 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 S 46l9O5 422656 423502 436159 44352S 440616 439167 4S5lSS 477026 3l9454 4l96l1 4143lS 4S42l2 444S56 42lll4 4l9334 44l30S 42S153 63164 10943Í 110030 ll25l3 113115 113291 114995 120206 124169 12526l 125l35 12l593 130576 13192S 131992 132490 132S79 133S55 X CMd CMe CMd CMd CMd CMd CMe CMd LPm CMd LPm CMd CMe LPk CMd CMe CMe 1394 rr O rr 5 3 5 1266 1334 1091 1202 1515 1202 149l 1079 1202 1442 6 21 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 32 4l 39 31 32 34 34 33 2l 36 29 30 35 26 34 33 31 41 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Pres. + + . + + . + + . I + I .I . + . + . + . + . + . + . + + + . + . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 615 770 1000 600 680 440 700 800 560 535 680 530 760 550 693 540 530 480 530 400 500 660 600 500 605 640 625 745 750 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 25 50 50 25 50 25 25 25 25 25 50 SW S SW 0 SE NE S S W 0 S (S)W W 0 SE S 0 S S 0 S 0 E SE SE SW W S W 3 10 5 0 15 20 25 35 20 0 20 2 30 0 10 15 0 30 10 0 5 0 15 20 8 10 15 5 8 538188 538899 530624 477397 481899 542769 546482 481261 437921 417086 482982 454075 452588 538353 482203 519664 546166 524992 545944 452417 478515 431577 437039 459409 440559 446899 450268 535174 536468 141493 141979 142320 143472 148956 8 4 14 61 162722 56538 113747 128769 129650 130024 130227 141175 148995 152782 163306 156966 163055 131236 131605 134878 135960 136358 136488 136804 139597 140653 141076 CMd CMd CMd LPk CMx CMd CMe LVh CMd CMd CMd LVh CMe CMd CMd CMd CMe CMd CMe CMe CMx CMe LPm LPk CMe CMe LPk CMd CMd 1030 1030 8 7 1175 1195 1476 1474 7 2 3 1521 1202 1505 1510 1030 1404 1817 1474 6 8 1473 1246 1195 1434 1441 1175 1442 1433 1175 3 8 7 1030 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 34 25 33 29 34 34 28 48 36 35 40 42 50 54 34 42 30 39 31 26 33 37 37 32 40 38 32 40 36 III II 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2V 1 1 1 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 + . + . . IV + + 1 1 1 1 + 2 + 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 + + . 1 1 IV + 1 + + + 2 + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 . . + . IV . II 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 1 2 2 + + + 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 12 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + . + + + + 1 + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + . + + 1 1 1 + + + + + + 1 2 2 + + 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 + IV 1 + IV + IV + III III + + + III + + + III + + III + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Number of relevé (Številka popisa) 1 2 34 s 6 l 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1l 18 Characteristic and differentiating species of the subassociation lolietosum subass. nova Prunella vulgaris PRUNVULG + + . + 1 + 1 + + + Capsella bursa-pastoris CAPSBUPA + Erigeron annuus ERIGANNU + + . + + + Lolium perenne LOLIPERE Phleum pratense PHLEPRAT + + Arrhenatherion Koch 1926 Galium album GALIALBU + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Daucus carota DAUCCARO + + 1 + 1 1 2 2 Pimpinella major PIMPMAJO + + . + + 1 + + + + Equisetum arvense EQUIARVE + Medicago sativa MEDISATI + + Potentilla reptans POTEREPT Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx. 1931 Crepis biennis CREPBIEN + + + + 1 + + + + Cynosurus cristatus CYNOCRIS + + + + 1 2 1 Helictotrichon pubescens HELIPUBE 1 1 + Alopecurus pratensis ALOPPRAT Rumex obtusifolius RUMEOBTU Colchicum autumnale COLCAUTU + Lychnis flos-cuculi LYCHFLCU + + + Bromus hordeaceus BROMHORD + Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp ex Oberd. 195l Luzula campestris LUZUCAMP + + + 1 + + + + 1 Trifolium alpestre TRIFALPE 1 3 + . + + + + Potentilla erecta POTEEREC + + . 1 + + Polygono-Trisetion Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Marschall 194l nom . inv. Geranium sylvaticum GERASYLV + + + Ranunculus nemorosus RANUNEMO + . Crocus vernus CROC VERN + Cynosurion R. Tx. 1947 Bellis perennis BELLPERE + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Veronica chamaedrys VEROCHAM + + + + + + + + + + + Plantago major PLANMAJO + Ranunculus repens RANUREPE Molinietalia Koch 1926 Cirsium oleraceum CIRSOLER + + + + Betonica officinalis BETOOFFI + . 1 + Molinia caerulea MOLICAER + Symphytum officinale SYMPOFFI Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 193l em. R. Tx. 19l0 Trisetum flavescens TRISFLAV 3 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 Plantago lanceolata PLANLANC + + 11 1 1 + + 1 + + 2 1 + 1 2 + Dactylis glomerata DACTGLOM 2 1 11 2 1 2 + 1 2 + 1 2 + + + Trifolium medium TRIFMEDI 2 1 + + 1 2 1 + 1 + 2 3 1 + 1 Lotus corniculatus LOTUCORNI 1 + + + + 1 2 + + 1 1 + 1 + + 1 Trifolium pratense TRIFPRAT 1 1 + 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 + 3 2 Knautia drymeia KNAUDRYM + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + Vicia cracca VICICRAC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Leucanthemum ircutianum LEUCIRCU 2 + 21 2 2 2 3 2 + 2 2 1 + 2 1 + 200 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Pres. + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 + + 1 + 1 IV + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + II + + + + + + + + + II + + 1 1 3 3 3 1 + + + 1 I + + + + 3 + I + + + + + 1 + 1 + + + + + 1 + IV + + + + + 2 + + + + 2 + + + + + + + III + + + + + + II + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 3 + + + + 2 1 + 2 1 + 1 4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 II + + 1 + + + + II + + + 1 + II + + + + + I 1 2 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + V + + + II + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + II 1 1 + + + + + II + + + + + 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 + + 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 + 4 5 4 1 V 2 1 + + 1 + 2 2 + + 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 + 2 V 2 2 + 1 1 2 1 1 + 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 + + + + 2 1 1 1 V + 2 3 2 1 1 1 + + + + + 1 1 2 3 1 + + + 2 + 2 + + V 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 + + + V 1 3 2 3 + 2 3 1 1 2 + + + 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 3 1 3 2 3 3 V + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + V + + + + + 1 + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + V + 1 1 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 + + + 1 1 1 3 2 + 1 3 + + + + V Number of relevé (Številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Centaurea jacea ssp. jacea CENTJACE t t t 1 t t t 1 t t t t 1 1 2 1 Tragopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis TRAGPRAT t t t 1 t t t t t t t t t t t Festuca pratensis FESTPRAT 1 t 1 3 1 1 1 t 2 t t t Leontodon hispidus LEONHISP 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 Achillea millefolium ACHIMILL t 1 1 1 1 1 1 t t 2 t t 2 1 2 2 1 t Lathyrus pratensis LATHPRAT t t t t t t t t t Poa pratensis POAPRAT 1 t t 1 t 1 1 Euphrasia rostkoviana EUPHROST t t t t t t Festuca rubra FESTRUBR t t t t Deschampsia cespitosa DESCCESP t t Rumex acetosa RUMEACET t t t t Taraxacum officinale TARAOFFI t t t Poa trivialis POATRIV t t t Holcus mollis HOLCMOLL t Ajuga reptans AJUGREPT Mesobromion Br.-Bl. et Moor 38 em. Oberd. 49 Silene vulgaris SILEVULG t t t t t t t t Thymus pulegioides THYMPULE 1 t 1 t t t t t t t Salvia verticillata SALVVERT Veronica teucrium VEROTEUR t Brometalia erecti Br.-Bl. 1937 Plantago media PLANMEDI t t t t Anthyllis vulneraria ANTHVULN t t Polygala vulgaris POLYVULG t t t t t t t Carex flacca CAREFLAC t t t t Prunella grandiflora PRUNGRAN t t Carlina acaulis CARLACAU t t Chamaespartium sagittale CHAMSAGI t t t Gymnadenia conopsea GYMNCONO t Polygala chamaebuxus POLYCHAM t t Trifolium montanum TRIFMONT 1 t Campanula glomerata CAMPGLOM Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944 Rhinanthus freynii RHINALEC t t1 t t t2 1.11 1 . . 1 Sanguisorba minor SANGMINO t tt Centaurea scabiosa CENTSCAB t t . + . . Allium carinatum ALLICAARI . Hieracium praeltum HIERPRAE . t t t . + . . Ononis spinosa ONONSPIN . Filipendula vulgaris FILIVULG . 2 . . . + Helianthemum ovatum HELIOVAT . t 1 . + . . Cuscuta epithymum CUSCEPIT . t Euphorbia cyparissias EUPHCYPA . t + . . + . . Anthericum ramosum ANTHRAMO . . . . + Centaurium erythraea CENTERYT . Brachypodium rupestre BRACRUPE . Phleum phleoides PHLEPHLE . Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944 Rumex acetosella RUMEACET Hypericum perforatum HYPEPERF Hypericum maculatum HYPEMACU Agrostis tenuis AGROTENN Carex pallescens CAREPALL tttt . + . . t t t t t t t t t t t t t 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Pres. + 1 + + . + + + + + + + . + + + + + . + + + + 1 + 1 + + + V . + + + + + + +.++. + . .+ + + +.+ + +. . . + . .IV 11+2..1+2.1.+.1211...1.+...11 IV . . + ... 121. 2 + 1. 1112112. 22.. 2 + 1 IV + . 1 + + + 21 + + .+ + 1 1 + + + 1 1 1 121 + + 22 + V + .+ + + + + +. . . .+ + +.+ + +. .+ + +. + . . .III . 1 + .+ + + 1 + . .++.3.+ + 1..........III . . . +.......+ + 1.1.1......+ + +. .II . +...........+ . +.....+ ....2 + + II .............+ .+ + +. . . +.....+ + I .....+.........+ .... + .. +.....I ....................+ . + . . . . + + I . . . 1......3............+.....+ .............+......+........+ .....+.....+.................+ + . . .++. . + . + . . . + . . .+ + +. +......II . . . . + . . . . . . + + + . + . . + . . . . . . + . . . II ............+.....+.........+ + .........+..............+ ....+ . + + + . . . . . . . . + + . + + . . . + + . . + . . + + II . . . + + + . + + . + . . + . + . . . . . . . + + . . . . II . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . II .....+......++. +.......+.....I .......+ .+ +.. +..........+ .1..I + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + ............+................+ .......++... +................+ . . . . +........................+ ............+................+ .......+................+ ....+ . . + +...1122......1.....+ 12. ..II . . . . + . . + + . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II +......1...1 + +. +........++...I ..........+ 2+...........+ ....+ ......+......................+ ..........+......+.....+ ... + .+ ..........1 +...........+.....+ + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + ...........++............+ ...+ .............+...............+ .............+...............+ ...............+...........+ .+ ................+...........+ + . 1..........................+ + + + + + + + + + +. . . . + . .++. . . . + . + . + . .III . + . . . . . + + . . . . + + + + + . . . . . . . . + . . II . . + + + . . . . . . + + . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . II ................++...........+ .................+...........+ Number of relevé (Številka popisa) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO ll l2 la 14 Is 16 It 1S Leontodon helveticus Nardus stricta LEONHELV NARDSTRI Origanetalia Th. Müller 61 Silene nutans Clinopodium vulgare Orobanche sp. Origanum vulgare Laserpitium latifolium SILENUTA CLINVULG OROBSP ORIGVULG LASELATI . . + . . + 1 + . . . t . + + + . . .....+ Secalietea Br-Bl. 51 Agropyron repens Lolium multiflorum Poa annua AGROREPE LOLIMULT POAANNU Other species Convolvulus arvensis Cruciata glabra Trifolium campestre Alchemilla xanthochlora Deschampsia flexuosa Sedum reflexum Galium lucidum Achillea sp. Campanula trachelium Primula vulgaris Calamagrostis arundinacea Petrorhagia saxífraga Cirsium arvense Cirsium eriophorum Phyteuma zahlbruckneri Scabiosa triandra Vaccaria pyramidata CONVARVE CRUCGLAB TRIFCAMP ALCHXANT DESCFLEX SEDUREFL GALILUCI ACHIATRA CAMPTRAC PRIMVULG CALAARUN PETRSAXI CIRSARV CIRSERIO PHYTZAHL SCABTRIA VACCPYRA . . 2 + 1 . + . + . . . + + . + + + . . + 1 . . + + t t t + t t t t t t + + t t + t t + 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 -Pres. . . +..........3...............+ +.............+ + + + + . . . + . . . + + . . + + + + + + + + + . + + . II + II . + . + + + + .1 + +. + .+ + . + + 1 . + + + + 2 . + 2 . + . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Appendix to the tables 1 and 2: Interpretation of pedological cartographic units. Dodatek k tabelama 1 in 2: Pojasnilo k pedološkim kartografskim enotam. FAO FAO_TYPE FAO_TIPI PKE CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_100% 216 LVh Haplic Luvisol LVh_100% 727 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_100% 783 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_70%, LPd_30% 1030 LPk Rendzic Leptosol LPk_50%, LPk_50% 1079 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm_50%, LPm_50% 1080 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_80%, CMd_20% 1083 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm_70%, LPq_30% 1089 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm_80%, LPm_20% 1090 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm_80%, CMe_20% 1091 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd50%, CMe_30%, CMd_20% 1093 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_80%, LPe_20% 1110 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_80%, LPd_20% 1113 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_80%, LPd_20% 1115 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm_60%, LPm_40% 1126 LPk Rendzic Leptosol LPk_70%, LPk_30% 1136 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm60%, LPm_20%, LPm_20% 1137 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm50%, LPm_30%, LPm_20% 1138 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_80%, CMe_20% 1141 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_80%, LPe_20% 1143 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_80%, LPm_20% 1151 LPk Rendzic Leptosol LPk70%, LPk_20%, LPk_10% 1175 LPk Rendzic Leptosol LPk40%, LPk_30%, CMx_30% 1190 CMx Chromic Cambisol CMx_70%, LPk_30% 1195 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_70%, LPd_30% 1202 LPd Dystric Leptosol LPd80%, CMd_10%, CMd_10% 1205 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_80%, LPm_20% 1246 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd_70%, CMd_30% 1248 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe_80%, LPe_20% 1266 CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd50%, CMd_30%, 1334 CMd 20% PKET EVT RJ / DELUVIJU, KOLUVIALNA_100% IZPRANA (LUVISOL) / PLIOC SEDIMENTIH, tip_100% DIS RJ / GNAJSU, tip gl_100% DIS RJ / METAMORFNIH kam tip 70%, RANKER, DIS REGOLITIČNI_30% RENDZINA / apn + dol PRHNINASTA 50%, RENDZINA / apn + dol SPRSTENINASTA_50% RENDZINA / MORENI, PRHNINASTA 50%, RENDZINA / MORENI, SPRSTENINASTA_50% DIS RJ / DELUVIJU, tip 80%, DIS RJ / DELUVIJU, KOLUVIALNA_20% RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, PRHNINASTA 70%, LITOSOL, KARB / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU_30% RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, PRHNINASTA 80%, RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, SPRSTENINASTA_20% RENDZINA / MORENI, SPRSTENINASTA 80%, EVT RJ / MORENI, tip_20% DIS RJ / NENEKARB FLIŠU + DEKALCIFICIRANEM LAPORJU, tip 50%, EVT RJ / PALEOCENSKEM + KREDNEM FLIŠU, tip_30%, DIS RJ / NENEKARB FL EVT RJ / MEŠANIH karb + nekarb kam tip 80%, RANKER, EVT REGOLITIČNI_20% DIS RJ / PERMO-KARBONSKIH skril + pešč tip 80%, RANKER, DIS EROZIJSKI_20% DIS RJ / GRODENSKIH pešč tip 80%, RANKER, DIS EROZIJSKI_20% RENDZINA / MORENI, PRHNINASTA 60%, RENDZINA / MORENI, KOLUVIALNA_40% RENDZINA / apn + dol SPRSTENINASTA 70%, RENDZINA / apn + dol PRHNINASTA_30% RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, SPRSTENINASTA 60%, RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, PRHNINASTA_20%, RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, KOLUVIA RENDZINA / MORENI, SPRSTENINASTA 50%, RENDZINA / MORENI, PRHNINASTA_30%, RENDZINA / MORENI, SUROVI HUMUS_20% EVT RJ / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VRŠAJU, tip 80%, EVT RJ / MORENI, OGLEJENA_20% EVT RJ / DELUVIJU, tip 80%, RANKER, EVT REGOLITIČNI_20% EVT RJ / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, tip 80%, RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, SPRSTENINASTA_20% RENDZINA / apn + dol SPRSTENINASTA 70%, RENDZINA / apn + dol PRHNINASTA_20%, RENDZINA / apn + dol RJ_10% RENDZINA / apn + dol RJ 40%, RENDZINA / apn + dol SPRSTENINA-STA_30%, RJ POKARB / apn + dol tip_30% RJ POKARB / apn + dol tip 70%, RENDZINA / apn + dol SPRSTENINASTA _30% DIS RJ / PIROKLASTIČNIH kam tip 70%, RANKER, DIS REGOLITIČNI _30% RANKER, DIS REGOLITIČNI 80%, DIS RJ / MAGMATSKIH kam tip pl_10%, DIS RJ / PIROKLASTIČNIH kam tip pl_10% EVT RJ / DELUVIJU, tip 80%, RENDZINA / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, SPRSTENINASTA_20% DIS RJ / PERMO-KARBONSKIH skril + pešč tip 70%, DIS RJ / PERMO--KARBONSKIH skril + pešč IZPRANA_30% EVT RJ / RAZLIČNIH BAZIČNIH kam tip 80%, RANKER, EVT REGOLITIČNI_20% DIS RJ / METAMORFNIH kam tip 50%, DIS RJ / KREMENOVEM KERA-TOFIRJU/ PORFIRJU, tip_30%, DIS RJ / DIABAZU, tip_20% CMe Eutric Cambisol LPm Mollic Leptosol X X CMd Dystric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe60%, LPe_20%, 1340 CMd_20% LPm_80%, CMe_20% 1341 LPk_50%, CMx_50% 1394 CMd60%, LPd_20%, 1404 CMd_20% CMe60%, LPe_20%, 1430 CMe_20% CMe_80%, CMe_20% 1433 CMe 80%, CMe 20% 1434 LPm Mollic Leptosol LPm_60%, LPm_40% 1441 CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol CMd Dystric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol CMe Eutric Cambisol LVh Haplic Luvisol CMe Eutric Cambisol LPm Mollic Leptosol CMd Dystric Cambisol FLc Calcaric Fluvisol CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd Dystric Cambisol CMd Dystric Cambisol CMe_80%, CMe_20% 1442 CMe_70%, CMd_30% 1473 CMe_80%, ATa_20% 1474 CMd_70%, LPd_30% 1476 CMe40%, CMe_30%, 1497 CMe_30% CMe_60%, LPm_40% 1504 LVh_60%, LVh_40% 1505 CMe_80%, CMe_20% 1510 LPm_60%, LPm_40% 1515 CMd_70%, CMe_30% 1521 FLc_70%, FLc_30% 1527 CMd60%, CMd_30%, 1781 LPd_10% CMd60%, CMd_20%, 1816 CMd_20% CMd60%, LPd_20%, 1817 CMd 20% EVT RJ / MEŠANIH karb + nekarb kam tip sr gl 60%, RANKER, EVT RE-GOLITIČNI_20%, DIS RJ / PERMO-KARBONSKIH skril + pešč tip pl RENDZINA / MORENI, SPRSTENINASTA 80%, EVT RJ / MORENI, tip pl_20% RENDZINA / dol SPRSTENINASTA 50%, RJ POKARB / dol tip_50% DIS RJ / FILITOIDNIH skril tip gl 60%, RANKER, DIS REGOLITIČ-NI_20%, DIS RJ / METAMORFNIH kam tip_20% EVT RJ / MEŠANIH karb + nekarb kam tip 60%, RANKER, EVT REGO-LITIČNI_20%, EVT RJ / MEŠANIH karb + nekarb kam IZPRANA_20% EVT RJ / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, tip pl 80%, EVT RJ / POBOČNEM GRUŠČU, tip sr gl_20% EVT RJ / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VRŠAJU, tip pl 80%, EVT RJ / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VR-ŠAJU, tip RENDZINA / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VRŠAJU, SPRSTENINASTA 60%, RENDZINA / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTI-NAH REK + REČ EVT RJ / aluv -koluv NANOSU, KOLUVIALNA 80%, EVT RJ / aluv -koluv NANOSU, tip sr gl_20% EVT RJ / MIOCENSKIH pes pešč kongl tip 70%, DIS RJ / MIOCENSKIH pes pešč + kongl tip_30% EVT RJ / MIOCENSKIH pes pešč kongl tip 80%, RIGOLANA, VINOGRADNIŠKA (VITISOL), EVT_20% DIS RJ / METAMORFNIH kam tip 70%, RANKER, DIS EROZIJSKI_30% EVT RJ / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VRŠAJU, tip gl 40%, EVT RJ / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VRŠAJU, IZPRA EVT RJ / MORENI, tip pl 60%, RENDZINA / MORENI, SPRSTENINASTA _40% IZPRANA (LUVISOL) / KONGLOMERATU, PSEVDOOGLEJENA 60%, IZPRANA (LUVISOL) / KONGLOMERATU, tip_40% EVT RJ / SIVICI, tip 80%, EVT RJ / SIVICI, IZPRANA_20% RENDZINA / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTINAH REK + REČ VRŠAJU, SPRSTENINASTA 60%, RENDZINA / LED DOB prod + pešč NASUTI-NAH REK + REČ DIS RJ / NENEKARB FLIŠU + DEKALCIFICIRANEM LAPORJU, tip 70%, EVT RJ / DELUVIJU, tip_30% OBREČNA, KARB sr gl / ILOVNATEM ALUVIJU70%, OBREČNA, KARB GLOBOKO OGLEJENA/ PEŠČENO PRODNATEM ALUVIJU_30% DIS RJ / BIOTITNO-MUSKOVITNEM BLESTNIKU, tip SR gl 60%, DIS RJ / BIOTITNO-MUSKOVITNEM BLESTNIKU, tip gl_30%, RANKER, DIS REGO DIS RJ / GNAJSU, tip pl 60%, DIS RJ / FILITOIDNIH skril tip pl_20%, DIS RJ / DIABAZU, tip pl_20% DIS RJ / TONALITU, tip pl 60%, RANKER, DIS RJAV_20%, DIS RJ / TONALITU, KOLUVIALNA 20% Source (Vir): Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano.