npycc. Curche: ^TMM0^0^MH TeoHMMa, ^yH^MM öo^ecTBa; npoöneMaTMKa yCTaHOBHeHMH KyHbTOBblX COOTBeTCTBMM Ha noHBe oöpngoBOM Tpa^M^MM BOCTOHHO-öanTMMCKMx, enaBHHeKMx m gpyrux MHgoeBponencKMx HapogoB1 Ponandac Kpe^M^uc Pa6oTa nocBH^aeTca naMATH Bbigaro^eroca pyccKoro öanTMcra BnagHMupa H. TonopoBa u 6necTH^ero HHgonora MupoBoro ypoBHa TaTMHM ft. EnM3apeHKOBOM The article presents a review of the mention of the Prussian deity Curche in the historical sources and the latest compositions on the Baltic [and not only] mythology and religion; a textual analysis of a fragment of the most ancient source Friedensvertrag zwischen dem deutschen Orden und den abgefallenen Preussen in Pomesanien, Warmien und Natangen, geschlossen unter vermittelung des päpstlichen Nuntius und Assistenz des Bischofs von Culm (1249), in which the name of the god is mentioned, and also the genesis of interpretations of the latest period; a digest of etymological researches in to the theonym; a new hypothesis about the functions of the god and origin of its name, based on the graphic, linguistic, cultural-typological researches of cult and ritual conformity of the Eastern Baltic, Slavic and other IE tribes. ynomunanun 6oMecmea Curche e ucmopuuecKux ucmounuKax Mma 6ora npyccoB Curche BnepBbie ynoMHHaeTca b XpucTÖyprcKOM MupHOM go-roBope2 1249 r.: „Ydolo quod semel in anno collectis frugibus consueuerunt confingere et pro deo colere. cui nomen Curche imposuerunt. uel aliis diis qui non fecerunt celum et terram quibuscumque nominibus appellentur, de cetero non libabunt" (CDW 32) ^Ta ABTop Bbipa^aeT ray6oqaMmyro npu3HaTenbHocTb npo^. H. MuxaräoBy (YguHe, MTanua) 3a pegaKTupoBa-Hue TeKCTa pa6oTbi u ^HHbie genoBbie coBeTbi. floroBop Friedensvertrag zwischen dem deutschen Orden und den abgefallenen Preussen in Pomesanien, Warmien und Natangen, geschlossen unter vermittelung des päpstlichen Nuntius und Assistenz des Bischofs von Culm 6bM nognucaH B 1249 r. 7-ro ^eBpana Me®gy OpgeHoM KpecToHoc^B u BoccTaBmuMM npoTMB hmx npegcTaBMTensMM nneMeH naMageHoB, BapMueB, HoTaHroB u gp. B 3aMKe XpucT6ypr (= hut. Kirsna - ropog ye3ga CTyMa Me®gy MapueH6yproM u AnneHmTefaoM), KoTopbm Haxogunca B ogHofi u3 o6üacTeM npyccuw naMage. floroBop nogroToBun neraT nanbi puMCKoro B ^eoguu (HacT. ^be®) apxuguaKoH MaKoB (cm. MP III 175; LE III 541). TeKCT goroBopa B nepBbie 6bM ony6nuKoBaH B 1679 r. X. XapTKHoxoM B npuno^eHuu k u3gaBaeMofi um XpoHuKu neTpa u3 flyc6ypra (cm. MP I 649). MH^opMauMA u ^aKTMHecKMM MaTepuan no3gHeömux mctohhmkob (npegnaraeMHM u Ha pyccKOM A3biKe, KpoMe uH^opMauuu C. rpyHay, Ha KoTopyro ccbmaroTca MHorue aBTopH no3gHeömero nepuoga), geTanu3upyeTca b pa3gene TeKcmono^u^ecKuü aHanu3. Mu$o-no^u^ecKU ^KcnnuKamuBHoe oöocHOBaHue KypKe (Gurchem), - eMy ohu goBepunu oneKy Hag ctecTHbiMu Be^aMu, xne6oM u bchkom nu^eö" (BRMS II 480, 492). MaTBeö Ctphmkobckum (Stryjkowski) b Kronika Polska, Litewska, Zmödzka i Wszystkiej Rusi (1582 r.) ynoMuHaeT mecroro 6ora KypKy (Gurcho), b BegeHuu KoToporo Haxogunacb BcflKaa ^u3HeHHocTb4, xne6 u nu^a nenoBeKa (BRMS II 510, 543). Maypo Op6uHu (Orbini), ccbinaBmuöcfl Ha gaHHHe BHme ynoMHHyToro ryaHbuHu, b KHure Il Regno degli Slavi hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni. Historia di Don Mavro Orbini Ravseo abbate melitense, in Pesaro 1601 b cnucoK 6oroB BKnronaeT u 6o^ecTBo npyccoB Gurcho (cm. Mikhailov 1998, 27). 3 Kacnap XeHHeH6eprep (Hennenberger) b npou3BegeHuu Erclerung der preussischen grössern Landtaffel oder Mappen (1595 r.) o6pymunca c KpuTuKoü Ha noKanu3a^uK> MecTa no^uTaHua o6cy®gaeMoro 6o®ecTBa, yKa3HBaeMoro A. ryaHbuHu (BRMS II 346), nocKonbKy fflBeHTanunuc oh c^uTan TonbKo KynbToBHM MecToM KypKu, a Pukomot, no ero MHeHuro, Haxogunca b ^HTpe HaTaHru (BRMS II 335, 347; TaK^e cm. Kregzdys 2009, 157). 4 non. zywiot, ynoTpe6naeMHö Ctphmkobckum (BRMS II 510), ny^me nepeBoguTb „®u3HeHHocTb" (cp. Linde 1814, 1071), a He „cTuxua", KaK nepeBogaT aBTopH BRMS. ^necTMH MucneHTa (Mislenta) b Manuale Prvthenicum (1626 r.) nepecKa3brnaeT MH^opMa^MK> rpyHay u goöaBnaeT cBoro MHTep^peTa^Mro: „MecroHaxo^geHue KypKu (Gorcho), npyccKoro 6o:«Ka, onpegenanocb KaKuM-Huöygb gyöoM, pocmuM b tom MecT-hoctm, rge ceÖMac HaxoguTca ropog ruepononb, unu Heiligenbeil. ^T0T 6or no OMepeg-hoctm ÖHn mecTHM, b npyccuro npuBe3eH u3 Ma3ypuu. Oh cwTaeTca xpaHuTeneM nu^u u nuTbH. B ero MecTb toctohhho ^raucb KocTpbi, npuHocunocb b ÄepTBy nepBoe 3epHo Bcex copToB, nepBHe KycKu xneöa, ^enoTu MyKu, Kannu Mega, KanenbKu MonoKa u gpyrue acTBa. no^epTBOBaHua c^uranucb. B MecTb ^T0^0 6ora Ha KaMHax oraro npe-gaBanucb u nepBHe b tom rogy noÖMaHHHe pHÖH <...>" (BRMS III 31 g.). ToMac Knaruyc (Clagius) b Linda Mariana sive de b. virgine Lindensi (1659 r.) To^e nepecKa3HBaeT MH^opMa^Mro rpyHay, b Mucne Hauöonee mtumhx npyccKux ugonoB ynoMuHaeT umh rypKo//KypKo (Gorko, Curcho), hkoöh nepeHHToro ot Mo3ypoB, b MbeM pacnopa^eHuu ÖHna nu^a, yro^eHua, bchkum ypo^aö u ToMy nogoÖHoe (BRMS III 53, 56 g.). Bonb^raHr XpucTO^ep HeTTenbxopcT (Nettelhorst) b De originibus Prussicis (1674 r.) TonbKo ynoMuHaeT umh 6ora Gorcho (BRMS III 72 g.). MaTBeö npeTopuö (Praetorius) b Deliciae Prussicae, oder preussische Schaubühne (BTopaa nonoBuHa 17 b.) numeT o npyccKoM 6ore Gurcho KaK o rnaBHoM öo^ecTBe. K ^TOMy 3aKnroneHuro npeTopuö npuxoguT no tom npuMuHe, mto b goroBope 1249 r. yno-MuHaeTcH TonbKo umh ogHoro ^T0^0 6ora (cp. MP III 175). Bce-TaKu oh He 6bin nocne-goBaTeneH b cboux paccy^geHuax, T.e. b ogHoM aÖ3a^ oh numeT o tom, mto Gurcho - rnaBHoe öo^ecTBo (MP III 251), a b gpyroM - 6or BTopocreneHHoß 3HaHuMocTu (MP ibd.). Oh TaK^e yTBep^gaeT, mto Gurcho mo^hö xapaKTepu3oBaTb u KaK 6ora HcTBa u nuTbH (MP III 97, 251, 287, 699), noKpoBuTena Hag nrogbMu (MP III 149; e^e cp. BRMS III 239) unu ga^e öo^ecTBO nnogopogua (MP III 299, 545), KOTopoMy pHÖaKu Ha 6onb-moM KaMHe, HaxoguBmeMcH Me^gy ®pay^H6yp^0M u TonKeMuTOö, npuHocunu b ^ep-TBy pbiöy (MP III 255). Akt ^epTBonpuHomeHua, no ero yraep^geHuro, Mor npoucxo-guTb u y öonbmoro gyöa, T.e. KynbTOBoe MecTO ^T0^0 6ora, ccHnaacb Ha gaHHHe rpyHay, oh noKanu3yeT b ffiBeHTanune (MP I 231; III 97, 103, 169, 251, 255)5. flpyrue yMacTHuKu KynbTOBoro oöpaga Mornu ^epTBOBaTb gpyrue npogyKTH nponuTaHua (BRMS III 252 T.g.). no ero npegnono^eHuro, ^T0My 6ory KaK oö^eKT ^epTBonpuHomeHua ÖHnu npeg-Ha3HaneHH: TonbKo mto oÖMonoMeHHoe 3epH0 (T.e. nmeHu^, po^b, HMMeHb, OBec (MP III 255)), MyKa, Meg, M0n0K0 (MP III 97), 6o6h, ropox, MeqeBu^, mhco, Meg (= HanuTOK, npegnono^uTenbHO anKoronbHHö), nuBO, nepBHe noÖMaHHbie pHÖH u Bce, mto roguTca 5 npeTopuM He 6bin nocnegoBaTeneH u b cböux paccy^geHuax ö nöKanM3a^MM KynbTöBoro MecTa öo^ecTBa. CöMHeBaacb, mtö 6or Mör ÖHTb noMuTaeM b fflBeHTanune, T.e. b MecTHocTu, rge, no ero MHeHuro, Haxogu-nocb cBHTunu^e PöMyBa (cp. MP III 103 g.), oh yTBep^gaeT, mtö MecTO noMuTaHua Gurcho Morno ÖHTb y Ka^goro gyöa unu ^unoö göM MenöBeKa (MP III 255), TaK KaK y öonbmoro gyöa b fflBeHTanune ^epTBH npuHocunucb numb noTpuMny (Potrympus), nepKyHacy (Perkuns) u neKoncy (Pecollos) (cp. MP III 174 g.). TaK^e Hy^Hö uMeTb b Bugy u tö ööcTOHTenbcTBO, mtö npeTöpuö MacTO ucKa^aeT nognuHHHe ^aKTM: öh yTBep^gaeT, mtö b goroBope 1249 r. ynoMuHaeTca ö töm, mtö Gurcho ÖHn noMuTaeM b fflBeHTanune (MP III 169), xoth 3tö muctöm BögH BHMHcen. nosTOMy Bö3HuKaeT cöMHeHue, MuTan nu npeTopuM gaHHHM goroBöp BOöö^e - ^MTMpyeMaH um ^opMa Curcho (MP III 253) He cooTBeTcTByeT gaHHOM b göKyMeHTe 13 b. Curche, T.e. mö^hö cgenaTb BHBög ö töm, mtö öh n0nb30Banca BTopocTeneHHHMu ucTOMHuKaMu, Hanpu-Mep, cöMuHeHueM rpyHay. 3tu ^aKTH cBugeTenbcTByroT ö töm, mtö MH^opMa^MH, nepegaBaeMaa b Tpygax npeTopua, BecbMa coMHuTenbHa. K co^aneHuro, B.H. TonopoB (1984, 314) He oöpaTun BHuMaHua Ha stu HecoöTBeTcTBua b paccKa3e npeTopua, nosTöMy BHgBuHyn npegnono^eHue, mtö tot OMeHb xopomo 3Han Bce oöpagoBHe töhköctu KynbTa Curche. gna nu^M u nuTba (MP III 255 T.g.). Oh TaK »e yTBep»gaeT, hto BpeTKyHac b cBoeß pyKonHCM [uMeeTca b Bugy Chronicon des Landes Preussen (1578-9 r.) - MP III 717] u b Littaw[ischen] Predigten o6cy»gaeMoro 6ora MMeHyeT rypKnucoM (Gurcklius) (MP III 257). 3gecb orpaHuHuMca TonbKo ynoMMHaHueM stmx ^aKTOB, nocKonbKy no gaHHbiM TeKCTonorunecKoro aHanu3a ^parMeHTa ucTOHHuKa 1249 r. (cm. ganbme) u 3Ta, u e^e He ynoMHHyTaa uH^opMa^a, npegcTaBneHHaa üpeTopueM, gon»Ha TpaKTOBaTbca KaK 6enneTpucTuKa. MHTepecHyro xapaKTepucTuKy npyccKoro 6o»ecTBa npegnaraeT A6paxaM ®peH-^nuyc (Frencelius) b Commentarius philologico-historicus de diis Soraborum aliorumque Slavorum (HanucaH okoho 1680 r.; u3gaH b 1719 r.): [cap. XXII] De Curcho id est demenfi, Jive portionem fuam cuilibet diftribuente Deo, T.e. „O KypKe, T.e. o 6ore e»eMecaHHo-ro naßKa xne6a unu pacnpegenuTena no cBoeMy ycMOTpeHuro HacTu [nu^u]" (cp. Mikhailov op.cit. 28). XpucTuaH ^oh KHayTe (Knauthe) b Derer Oberlausitzer Sorberwenden umständliche Kirchengeschichte etc. Görlitz, 1767 ynoTpe6naeT gBe ^opMbi uMeHu 6o»ecTBa: III.6. Curcho//Gorcho. Oh xapaKTepu3yeT 6ora KaK ugona, b c^epe geßcTBua KOToporo 6brno pacnpegeneHue xoTb u Manoß HacTu nu^u Ka»goMy HenoBeKy. üo ero yTBep»geHuro, 6o»ecTBo mo»ho cpaBHuBaTb c 6oroM cop6oB Kruch „HacTb [nu^u], KpomKa, HacTu^" [oHeBugHaa annro3ua Ha gaHHbie o npyccKOM 6ore b coHuHeHuu A. ^peH^nuyca (cm. Bbime)] (cp. Mikhailov op.cit. 90, 99, 106 g.). ^pugpux Kpoß^p (Creuzer) b KHure Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker (1822, 95) o6o6^aeT uH^opMa^ro rpyHay u go6aBnaeT k Heß e^e ogHy ^yH^uro, xa-paKTepu3yro^yro 6ora: „<...>er war ein fröhlicher Tischgott", T.e. „oh 6brn Becenbiß 6or 3acTonba". TeKcmono^u^ecKuü ananu3. Mu$ono^u^ecKu ^KcnnuKamueHoe oöocnoeanue $aKmu^ecKo^o mamepuana M3bicKaHue no STuMonoruu u ^yH^uaM npycc. Curche cnegyeT HaHaTb c TeKcTo-norunecKoro aHanu3a ^pameHTa XpucT6yprcKoro MupHoro goroBopa, nocKonbKy no ceß geHb cy^ecTByeT HecKonbKo BapuaHTOB nepeBoga c naTuHcKoro a3biKa - ot BepHoc-tu pacKpbiTua ayTeHTuHHoß uH^opMa^u 3aBucuT pemeHue gaHHbix BonpocoB. üpe»Hue BapuaHTH nepeBoga ^pameHTa goroBopa, rge ynoMuHaeTca umh 6o-»ecTBa, cTonb pa3HHTca unu He cooTBeTcTByroT nognuHHOMy TeKcTy, hto Mo»eT BO3-HuKHyTb o^y^eHue, hto peHb ugeT He o6 oTpbiBKe Ha a3biKe cpegHeBeKOBoß naTbrnu, ho o KnuHonucu myMepoB. flo cerogHamHero gHa uccnegoBaTenu Mu^onoruu MoryT nonb3OBaTbca naTbro BapuaHTaMu nepeBoga ^parMeHTa Ha hutobckum h3hk, KOTopbie no KanecTBy BecbMa orauHaroTca gpyr ot gpyra. OgHuM u3 nepBbix gaHHbiß ^parMeHT [KcTaTu, TonbKo ero HacTb] c naTbmu nonbiTanca nepeBecTu He cne^anucT, T.e. He u3y-HaBmuß KnaccunecKyro ^unonoruro, MoHac Banuc (cp. LE XIII 394; JBR I [VII T.g.], II 73, 145, 188): „HoBOKpe^eH^i, y6paBmue ypo»aß, He 6ygyT npenogHocuTb »epTBbi ugony, KOToporo genaroT u3 nocnegHux b tom rogy co6paHHbix KonocbeB u noHuTaroT KaK 6ora, gaBaa eMy umh Curche...". OneBugHo, hto TaKoß nepeBog mo»ho pac^HuBaTb KaK Henpo^eccuoHanbHbiß, nocKonbKy nonoBuHbi uH^opMa^u, KOTopyro npuBoguT Banuc, b nognuHHOM TeKcTe HeT - TyT HeT hu Maneßmero HaMeKa Ha KaKue-Hu6ygb ko-nocba, T.e. naT. arista, spica (!). Mo»ho co»aneTb o tom, hto uMeHHo stum nepeBogoM n0Hb30Banca Mraac Hap6yTac (Narbutas 1994, 149 u T.g.; 1995, 140), aBTop nocnegHUx pa3HCKaHUM no noBogy ^yH^uö 6o^ecTBa u ^TUM0H0^UU UMeHU npycc. Curche. Becb TeKCT goroBopa 1249 r. 7-ro ^eBpana Me^gy OpgeHoM KpecT0H0c^B u boc-cTaBmuMU npoTUB hux npegcTaBUTeHHMU npyccKUx nneMëH Ha hutobckum h3hk ne-peBën noBunac naKapKHuc (Pakarklis 1948, 238 T.g.). Ero nepeBog ^pameHTa TeKCTa 0 npycc. Curche gonoHHeH u ^TUM0H0^UHecK0M ccbiHKoö: „Mgony, K0Toporo ohu, Ha-6paBmue nnogoB, pa3 b rogy no npuBHHKe Hapa^anu u htuhu KaK 6ora - eMy ganu uma Kurche (Kurikas? P.P. [T.e. „co3gaTeHb" ot hut. kùrti „co3gaBaTb" - í!K.]) - u gpyruM 6oraM, K0T0pHe He co3ganu hu He6a, hu 3eMHU, u KaKUMU T0HbK0 UMeHaMU hu 6hhu 6h Ha3HBaeMH, He 6ygyT npuHocuTb :«epTBbi". Moxho npegnono^UTb, hto nepeBogoM naKapKHuca n0Hb30Banacb npaHe flyH-gynueHe (Dunduliené 1963, 182), npegcTaBUBmaa He hobhm BapuaHT nepeBoga, a ero MHTep^peTa^MK>: „.Hutob^i npyccuu, y6paBmue ypo^aö c noneô, U3 p^aHoro cHona genanu ugon, Hapa^anu ero nnogaMU u nowranu KaK 6ora, K0Toporo 3Banu KypKe (Curche)". K co^aneHuro u c^e^uaHUCT no naTHHU ^aoHac BaHKyHac paccMaTpuBaeMHM ^parMeHT, BuguMo, ccbinaacb Ha nepeBog naKapKHuca, nepeBoguT He pacKpMBaa nog-nnHHon MH^opMa^MM6 - ^TUM nepeBogoM n0Hb30Banca u Hop6epTac Benroc (BRMŠ 1 44, 236): „<...> ugony, K0Toporo ohm, Ha6paBmue nnogoB, pa3 b rogy no npuBHHKe Hapa^anu u htuhu KaK 6ora - ero npo3Banu KypKoö - u gpyruM 6oraM, K0T0pHe He co-3gaHU hu He6a, hu 3eMHU, u KaKUMU T0HbK0 UMeHaMU hu 6hhu 6h Ha3HBaeMH, 6oHbme He 6ygyT npuHocuTb ^epTBH" (BRMŠ I 240). ABTop neTBëpToro nepeBoga - BuTayTac Ma^ronuc (PEŽ II 307). TeKcT ^T0^0 nepeBoga oTHunaeTca rpaMMaTunecKon T0HH0cTbro, ho, KaK u gpyrue BapuaHTH, HegocTa-ToneH b pacKpHTUu Bceö UH^opMa^uu, UMero^eö pemaro^ee 3HaneHue b pa3pemeHUu npo6neM ^TUM0H0^UU UMeHU u ^yH^uö npycc. Curche: „ugony, K0Toporo ohu [npyc-ch], y6paBmue ypo^aö, pa3 b rogy no npuBHHKe genanu u htuhu KaK 6ora, Ha3HBaa ero Curche, - uhu gpyruM 6oraM, He co3gaBmuM hu He6a, hu 3eMHU, u KaKUMU T0HbK0 UMe-HaMU hu 6hhu 6h Ha3HBaeMH, 6onbme ohu [npyccH] He 6ygyT npuHocuTb ^epTBH". ABTop naToro - MuHTayTac HropuHcKac (MP III 261): „ugony, K0Toporo ohm, y6-paBmue ypo^aö xne6a, pa3 b rogy no npuBHHKe genanu u htuhu KaK 6ora, K0T0p0My ganu umh Curcho, uhu gpyruM 6oraM, K0T0pHe He co3ganu He6o u 3eMHro, u KaKUMU T0HbK0 UMeHaMU hu 6hhu 6h Ha3HBaeMH, oTHHHe He 6ygyT npuHocuTb ^epTBH". ^T0T nepeBog g0craT0HH0 KanecTBeHHHM, ho, BuguMo, U3-3a bhuhhuh nepeBoga Banuca m UHTep^peTa^UM npeTopua (cp. MP III 260: „<...> diese Statua <...> von Getreydigt <...>"), HropuHcKac nepegaëT UH^opMa^uro, oTcyrcTByro^yro b nepeB0guM0M TeKcTe -hu Ha KaKue xne6a aBTop goroBopa 1249 r. u He HaMeKaeT (cm. ganbme). TaK HT0 b nepByro onepegb npuxoguTbca geTanu3upoBaTb gaHHHe BapuaHTH ne-peBogoB u nognuHHyro UH^opMa^uro, npucyrcTByro^yro b hux, cp. cnoBoconeTaHue „collectis frugibus", K0Topoe, BuguMo, He ctomho 6h nepeBoguTb „Ha6paBmue nnogoB" [KaK ^T0 genaroT Banuc, naKapKHuc, BaHKyHac u gp.], nocKonbKy aBTop goroBopa He cnynaMHo ynoTpe6nHeT KoHcTpy^uro ablativus absolutus. ^0^T0My He npuxoguTca coMHeBaTbca b tom, hto nepeBoguTb ^T0T npunacTHHM o6opoT 6e3 06cT0HTenbH0r0 6 3to He egMHcTBeHHHM o6pa3e^ HeKa^ecTBeHHoñ pa6oTH 3Toro nepeBog^MKa c naTHHM Ha hmtobckmm h3hk. CooTBeTcTBeHHo mo^ho pac^HMBaTb m nepeBog BanKyHaca TeKcTa flHa gacM^K0^0 - oh noHHocTbro ucKa-®aeT nognuHHyro MH^opMa^MK> o ^eMarncKMX 6orax (cm. 46 cHocKy). coro3a [nepeBoga He geenpuHacTHOM, a npuHacTHOM KOHcTpy^ueft], He caMHM nogxo-ga^MM cnoco6, npegonpegenaro^uM nepegaHy coBceM gpyroft uH^opMa^u, He^enu sto npuHHTo gna Bbipa^eHua ceMaHTuHecKoro cMHcna stom Ka3yanbHOM KOHcTpy^uu naTMHCKoro fl3HKa7; Begb ^nb ee ynoTpe6neHufl - a^eHTupoBaTb nepuog BpeMeHM, Korga npoucxogun o6pag no^epTBOBaHua 6o^ecTBy, a He ynacTHMKOB SToro npo^cca u TeM 6onee He npegMeT ^epTBonpuHomeHua, cp. BapuaHTH nepeBogoB naKapKnuca, BanKyHaca, HropuHcKaca, garo^ue npegnocbinKu gna HeageKBaTHHx uHTepnpeTa^M nognuHHoft uH^opMa^u goKyMeHTa 13 b. noaToMy TeKcTonorunecKuft aHanu3 cnegyeT HaHaTb c SKcnnuKa^u nognuHHHx ^aKTOB, Ha KOTopHe ccbinaeTcfl neTO^uce^ opgeHa KpecroHoc^B: I. yKa3HBaeTcH BpeMH ^epTBonpuHomeHua - „collectis frugibus", T.e. „y6paB ypo- ^aft". TaK^e Hy^Ho a^eHTupoBaTb tot ^aKT, hto HeT HuKaKOM Hago6HocTu b gaHHOM cuHTarMe ycMaTpuBaTb uH^opMa^ro o ^aTBe xne6oB, KaK sto genaroT Ma^ronuc (ibd.), TonopoB (1984, 309), flyHgynueHe (ibd.) - o6 stom b aHanu3upyeMOM oTpHBKe goKy-MeHTa He roBopuTca. noaToMy cBH3HBaTb KynbT npycc. Curche c nocnegHuM cHonoM ^aTBH p^u [uMeBmuM 6onbmoe KynbTOBoe 3HaHeHue y iutob^b (Dunduliene 1963, 182; 1982, 345)], ocHOBHBaacb Ha uH^opMa^u goroBopa, Henb3H (cm. ganbme). DiaB-hhm apryMeHT TaKoro paccy^geHua - MHoro3HaHHocTb naT. lo. frux „^pyKTH, obo^u; ypo^aft; noceBH; 3epHo//3epHa; xne6, 6nrogo u gp." (OLD 741). noaToMy cnoBocoHe-TaHue „y6paB ypo^aft" Mo^eT yKa3HBaTb He Ha nepuog ^aTBH p^u [caMaa TpygHaa u rnaBHaa pa6oHaa nopa neTa], T.e. cepeguHa unu KOHe^ aBrycTa (cp. LE XXVI 81 T.g.), TaK KaK cnoBo „ypo^aft" Mo^eT o6o3HaHaTb Bce Bbipa^uBaeMbie HenoBeKOM arpap-HHe KynbTypH, cp. HauMeHOBaHue npycc. Curche „6or, oxpaHaro^uft rogoBoft ypo^aft", npegno^eHHoe C. KapanroHacoM (Karaliunas 2005, 382). no stom npunuHe gna ycTaHOBneHua BpeMeHu KynbTOBoro npa3gHecTBa Hy^Ho npoaHanu3upoBaTb, KaKue arpapHHe KynbTypH Bbipa^uBano HaceneHue npyccuu -MHorue u3 hux nepenucnaeT npeTopuft (cm. nogpa3gen WnoMUHaHux 6oMecmBa Curche b ucmopunecKux ucmonHUKax). OcHOBHBaacb Ha uH^opMa^ro nucbMeHHHx uctohhukob, r. ^oBM^HbcKuft (cp. Lowmianski 1989, 80) genaeT BHBog o tom, hto 6anTH [b tom Hucne u 3anagHHe] bh-pa^uBanu po^b, oBec, aHMeHb, nmeHo, neH, peny. K hum e^e mo^ho go6aBuTb u He-KOTopHe gpyrue KynbTypH, no gaHHHM apxeonoruHecKux pacKonoK c gpeBHux BpeMeH BHpa^uBaeMHe Ha TeppuTopuu HbrnemHeft ^utbh: npoco, KOHonnro (cp. Rimantiene 1995, 77 g.). Heo6xoguMo o6paTuTb BHuMaHue u Ha goBonbHo Ba^Hyro neTHroro cTpagy - Megoc6op, nocKonbKy Meg [Bynb^cTaH nucan, hto b 9 b. npyccH co6upanu 6onbmoe KonuHecTBo Mega (cm. LE XVIII 104 g.)] 6e3 SKOHOMuHecKOM 3HaHuMocTu, 6hi Ba^eH u gna caKpanbHHx o6pagoB [gna apuft^B fleKaHcKoro nnocKoropba oh o3HaHan oguH 7 flo cux nop npaBuna ynoTpe6neHua ^TOM cuHTarMaTuHecKOM KOHcTpy^uu He BH3HBaroT HuKaKux com-HeHuM: „cuilibet orationi addi potest ablativus absolutus, i.e. [qui locum obtinet sententiae secundariae; hic autem ablativus est] substantivum aut pronomen quod ab orationis verbo non pendet [BHgeneHo MHoro -P.K.], et cui additur participium" (Llobera 296). TaK hto ^Ty KOHcTpy^uro Hago nepeBoguTb unu npugaTOH-hhm npegno^eHueM [Ha^e Bcero o6cToaTenbCTBa BpeMeHH, xoth bo3mo®ho u BHpa^eHue o6cToaTenbcTB npuHuHH, ycnoBua u ycTynKu], unu geenpuHacTHOM KOHCTpyK^MeM (cm. MupomeHKOBa, OegopoB 1985, 73; Wheelock 1995, 154 t.). M3 raaBHbix ^^eMeHT0B Bce.eHHon (cp. AV XVIII 4,30)8], nocKo.bKy oh Bxogu. b cocTaB HanuTKa Meg9 [= .ut. midüs „a.KoronbHbiM HanuToK u3 Mega"], npyccaMu Ha3biBaeMbin alu „HanuTOK Meg" (cm. PEZ I 72 g.; LE XVIII 104 g.), uMeBmuM 6o.bmyro 3HanuMocTb B HapogHbix o6braaflx u BocxBaneHMM 6oroB .utobckumu n.eMeHaMu (cp. JBR I 201 [4]; DSP 426 [416]). K TOMy ^e, o :«epTBonpuHomeHuu Mega npycc. Gurcho ynoMuHaeT u npeTopun (cp. MP I 231). runoTe3y o nowraHuu noc.egHero cHona x.e6oB u cBH3b o6cy«gaeMoro 6o^ec-TBa [TaKon tohku 3peHuH npugep^uBaroTca B. MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt), flyHgynueHe, Ma^ronuc] Heo6xoguMo apryMeHTupoBaTb u gaHHbiMu BpeMeHHÓro aHa.u3a co3peBa-huh pa3BoguMbix 6a.TaMu pacreHun, T.e. Hago ycTaHoBuTb, xoth 6h npu6.u3uTe.bH0, BpeMH ux 0K0HHaTe.bH0r0 c6opa - Torga, no-BuguMoMy, u npoucxogu.u npa3gHecTBa B necTb npycc. Curche. MHorue n.ogbi Bbime yKa3aHHbix pacreHun co3peBaroT u co6u-paroTcH B koh^ .eTa (b aBrycTe) - B Hakane oceHu (b ceHTH6pe): noceBHaH po^b Secale cereale L. - b Hakane aBrycTa, nmeHo 06biKH0BeHH0e Triticum aestivum L. - b koh^ ukoth u.u Hakane aBrycTa, aweHb no.oBbin Hordeum murinum L. - b aBrycTe (Grigas 1986, 526 g.). Ho oBec y6upa.u bo BTopon no.oBuHe ceHTfl6pa, nocKo.bKy oh co3pe-BaeT b koh^ aBrycTa u.u Hakane ceHTaöpa (Grigas op.cit. 484 T.g.). ^eH (Hanp. Linum usitatissimum L.) Tepe6u.u, HaBepHoe, KaK u cernac, Korga oh nocneBa. - b aBrycTe (cp. Grigas op.cit. 270). B uro.e u aBrycTe co6upa.u ypo^an penbi (Hanp. Brassica rapa) (cp. Brickellis 2001, 353). OcHoBHBaHcb Ha ^Tux gaHHHx, mo^ho BHgBuHyTb npegnono^eHue, hto ^epT-BonpuHomeHue npyccKoMy 6o^ecTBy Curche, o KoTopoM ynoMuHaeTcH b goroBope 13 b., npoucxogu.o b koh^ ceHTfl6pa u.u Hakane 0KTfl6pa. Bc.egcTBue ^T0^0 Ky.bToBbm o6pag 6ora He.b3H cooTHocuTb c npa3gHuKoM noc.egHero cHona xne6oB, npoucxoguB-muM b neTHee BpeMH. E^e oguH apryMeHT b no.b3y 0TK.0HeHuH TaKoro cooTHomeHuH - c.umKoM 6onbmaa caKpa^u3a^uH u npeyBenuneHue 3HaquMocru 3.aK0Bbix Ky.bTyp p^u u ^meHu^H co cTopoHbi ctopohhukob ^pyMeHTa.bHon runoTe3bi. flaBHo u3Bec-tho, hto 6a.Tbi paHbme hux Bbipa^uBa.u oBec u aweHb (cp. Rimantiené ibd.) - Ha-3BaHue noc.egHero npegcTaBuTe.u uHgoeBponencKux [ga.ee ME] n.eMeH nepeHH.u ot ceMuTcKux HapogHocTen, a BpeMH ^T0^0 npo^cca mo^ho gaTupoBaTb BpeMeHeM 06-^hoctu ME n.eMeH, T.e. ME npaH3biK0BbiM nepuogoM (cm. Kregzdys 2004, 16). OcHoBbiBancb Ha ga.bHenmeM ucc.egoBaHuu ^TUM0^0^UU TeoHuMa u Mu^o.o-runecKux pa3bicKaHuax, mo^ho BbicKa3aTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono^eHue o tom, hto KynbToBoe ^epTBonpuHomeHue [u.u npa3gHuK] npycc. Curche npoucxogu.o uMeHHo b 0KTH6pe [cp. gaHHHe CreHgepa (cm. MC 121) u cxo^ue o6pagbi gpeBHux rpeK0B (cm. ga.bme)]. Ba^Hyro uH^opMa^uro o KaK0M-T0 6o.bmoM H3braecK0M npa3gHecTBe, npo-BoguBmeMcH b ^uTBe, ^eMaÖTuu, ^ubohuu, Kypme u HeKoTopbix pyccKux 3eM.Hx b koh^ OKTaöpa - Korga x.e6 6bm cBe3eH c no.en b puru, npuBoguT M. CrpbiÖKoBc-kum (Stryjkowski). Bo BpeMH ^T0^0 npa3gHuKa b ^epTBy npuHocu.cH TeneHOK [BuguMo, Mo.ogon 6hk (?)] (cm. BRMS II 548). 3gecb Heo6xoguMo ynoMHHyTb u pa3bicKaHue X. XapTKHoxa, oTo^gecTBnHBmero KypKy c npyccKuM 6oroM nepry6pueM (MP III 469), 8 CBH3b Me^gy MegoM u 6o®ecTBeHHHM Ha^anoM oco6eHHo HBcTByeT M3 aKcn^MKaTMBHHx tckctöb MHgMM-ckom MM^onorMM, cp. g.MHg. madhu vidyä „MygpocTb Mega" (BpMxagapaHbaKa-ynaHMmaga II 5.17) - o^eHb Ba«HHÖ aüeMeHT 6o®ecTBeHHocTM. B PurBege (I 191,10) ynoMMHaeTcs, mtö Meg Ha cBeT npoM3Ben 6or con-H^a. MHorga oh cpaBHMBaeTca c caMMM 6oroM co.aH^a Cypben « co.aH^eM (cm. MBaHoB 1989, 82). 9 06 oco6eHHocTax npoM3BogcTBa aToro HanuTKa cm. Simkünaité 2007, 122 g. npa3gHMK KOToporo O^MHeK (Ozinek), no ero yTBep:«geHuro, npoucxogun 22-oro Map-Ta (cp. MP III 463). M3-3a oneBugHoro HecooTBeTcTBua ^TOM uH^opMa^uu c gaHHbiMM goroBopa KpecroHoc^B, TaKaa rMnoTe3a, no-BuguMOMy, gon:«Ha pac^HuBaTbca, KaK HeygaHHaa nonbiTKa pa3^HCHUTb 3aragKy KynbTa KypKu. II. DiaronbHoft ^opMoft naT. confingere xapaKTepu3yeTcfl cnoco6 u cpegcTBo npo-u3BogcTBa ugona, KOTopaa go cux nop uHTepnpeTaTopaMu naTUHCKoro TeKCTa nepeBo-guTCH He tohho: „genaroT" (Banuc - LE XIII 394), „genanu" (Ma^ronuc - PEZ II 307), „Hapa^anu" (BanKyHac - BRMS I 240)... K co^aneHuro10, aBTopbi BHme ynoMHHyTbix nepeBogoB He ucnonb3oBanu Okc-ifiopdcKuu cnoBapb namuHCK0^0 x3UKan - HaBepHHKa ^TO o6cToaTenbcTBo u o6ycnoBuno KanecTBo pa6oTH nepeBognuKOB u ga^e ganbHeftmee u3HCKaHue no ^TUMono^uu npycc. Curche. B ^TOM cnoBape npuBogaTca TaKue 3HaneHua naT. confingere: 1) „coopy^aTb [cTpouTb, KoHcTpyupoBaTb] nocpegcTBoM CTporaHHH, nneTeHHH [gaHa ccbinKa Ha conuHeHua nnuHua - TaK Ha3biBaeTca cnoco6 nneTeHua rnu^bux rae3g (cp. Lewis, Short 1958, 414)], nenKM [<■ aHrn. mould „3eMna, nenen"; TaK^e u3 BOCKa, nocKonbKy BappoH ^TO cnoBo ynoTpe6nan gna o6o3HaneHufl cnoco6a npuroTOBneHua bockobmx ^nryp u menuHbix cotob (cp. Lewis, Short ibd.)]; npugaTb ^opMy (b npeg-no^Hon KOHcTpy^uu); pa3BuBaTb (xapaKTep)"//„construct by shaping or moulding; to form (a word by composition); to train, mould (a person)"; 2) npugyMaTb (no^b, KneBeTy), cTpouTb KO3Hu, npuTBopaTbca (b KOHcTpy^uM accusativus cum infinitivo)"//„to invent, fabricate (a lie, falce accusation, etc.); to devise (a deception, etc.); to pretend (acc. + inf.)" (OLD 400). OneBugHo, hto b pa3pemeHuu npo6neM, cBH3aHHHX c KynbTOM KypKu, 3HaneHue rnarona „coopy^aTb [cTpouTb, KoHcTpyupoBaTb] nocpegcTBoM cTporaHua12, nneTeHua, nenKu" uMeeT pemaro^yro ponb. OcHOBHBaacb Ha ceMaHTunecKOM 3HanuMocTu cnoBa, mo^ho a priori oTBeprayTb runoTe3y TonopoBa, Ma^ronuca u gp. o npuroTOBneHuM ugona 6o^ecTBa nyTeM cnneTeHua xne6Horo cHona u3-3a oneHb npocToft npunuHbi -nuTOB^i cHonH (3naKOBHx) He nneTyT [nneTeTca BeHOK (!) (LKZ IX 1057)], a cbh3m-BaroT (cp. LKZ IX 737), T.e. b naTuHcKOM TeKcTe b TaKOM cnynae gon^HH 6binu 6h npu-cyTcTBOBaTb rnaronbHbie ^opMbi naT. viere, texere, a He naT. confingere. BnponeM, Hago uMeTb b Bugy u to o6cTOHTenbcTBo, hto ecnu neTO^uce^ opgeHa xoTen 6h o6o3Hawrb npuroTOBneHue ugona u3 xne6Horo cHona, oh HaBepHHKa ynoTpe-6un 6h cnoBoconeTaHua naT. manipulos//mergites + vincire/Ifieri (cp. OLD 1074, 1102). O6o6^aa ^Tu 3aMenaHua, mo^ho genaTb BHBog o6 uH^opMa^uu, KOTopyro xoTen nepegaTb neTO^uce^ 13 BeKa b XpucT6yprcKOM goroBope: „Mgony, KOToporo, y6paB ypo^an, pa3 b rogy no npHBMHKe genanu nyTeM CTporaHHH [u3 cTBona gepeBa unu 10 BwcKa3MBaTb KaKue-To ynpeKu no noBogy ^T0^0 o6cToaTenbcTBa He npuxoguTca u3-3a o6,beKTUBHbix npu-mhh - b coBeTCKMe BpeMeHa Ka^ecTBeHHbie cnoBapu no naTWHu, u3gaBaeMbie b 3anagHbix cTpaHax, autobc-khm nepeBog^uKaM 6binu HegocTynHbi. 11 Bo3mo®ho, ^TO caMoe Ka^ecTBeHHoe neKcuKorpa^u^ecKoe u3gaHue no naTUHcKoMy a3biKy; b gpyrux cnoBa-pax He yganocb o6Hapy®uTb TaKoro nogpo6Horo o63opa ceMaHTu^ecKoro nona cnoBa - ^a^e Bcero aBTopw cnoBapefi orpaHM^MBaroTca ynoMUHaHue TaK Ha3WBaeM^ix HeMTpa^bHWx m^m o6o6^aro^MX ceMeM „(c)ge-naTb, M3roToBMTb m T.n." (cp. Lünemann 1826, 601; Lewis, Short 1958, 414; flBope^KMM 1986, 178 u gp.). 12 O bo3mo®hom M3roToBneHMM Mgona KypKM nyTeM cTporaHMa [BuguMo, M3 cTBona gepeBa] HaMeKaeT npe-TopMM (MP III 260): „<^> diese Statua {geschnitzt} <_>". nenKM M3 rnuHbi unu BOCKa13] u hth^h KaK 6ora, Ha3biBam ero Curche, TaK^e gpyruM öoraM, KOTopwe He co3ga™ He6a u 3eM^H, u kukhmh TonbKo uMeHaMu He 6bmu 6m Ha3MBaeMM, 6onbme He 6ygyT npuHocuTb ^epTBbi". Ccbinaacb Ha ^T0T nepeBog, mo^ho yTBep»gaTb, hto U3, BuguMO, eguHCTBeHHO g0CT0BepH0r0 ucTOHHUKa 1249 r. o 6o»ecTBe npycc. Curche M3BecTHbi namb ^Tu, uc-tmhho nognuHHbie, ^aKTbi: 1) oho 6bino nowraeMO [T.e. 6ory nocBH^eHHbiM npa3gHUK npoBogunca] pa3 b rogy; 2) npa3gHMHHbiM o6pag npoucxogun nocne y6opKu ypo»aa; 3) ugon 6ora genanca nyreM CTporaHua [u3 CTBona gepeBa], nenKu [u3 BOCKa unu rnuHbi] unu nneTeHua [u3 BeTOK]; 4) 6ory npegHa3Hananacb nepBaa uepapxMHecKaa CTyneHb b naHTeoHe 3anagHbix 6anTOB, T.e. oh He npuHagne»an rpynne 6oroB, KOTopbie xapaKTepu3yK>TCH noHHTueM „He co3ganu He6a u 3eMnu"; 5) umh 6ora - Curche. flenaa 0630p uH^opMa^uu mctohhmkob no3gHenmero nepuoga, b KOTopbix yno-MUHaeTca KypKa, b nepByro OHepegb npuxoguTca paccMaTpuBaTb ^aKTUHecKUM MaTepuan rpyHay, Ha KOTopbin ccbinaeTca 6onbmuHCTB0 uccnegoBaTenen 17-20 BeKOB. OgHu gocnoBHO nepecKa3biBaK>T ero paccKa3, gpyrue go6aBnaK>T u cbou paccy»geHua. rpyHay yKa3biBaeT o6,beKTbi »epTBonpuHomeHua u ^yH^uu 6ora, He oroBopeHHbie b XpucT-6yprcK0M goroBope, k TOMy »e oh MeHaeT u noKanu3a^uro npa3gHUHHbix Top»ecTB. TaKue uHH0Ba^u0HHHe gaHHbie gon»Hbi 6biTb npoBepeHbi Haunogpo6HenmuM o6pa-3om, nocKonbKy MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt 1936, 216) yTBep»gaeT, hto eguHCTB čhhhm mctohhmkom, u3 KOToporo rpyHay Mor HepnaTb CBegeHua 0 KypKe, aBnanca XpucT6ypr-ckum goroBop ot 1249 r.: „Den Curcho kannte unser Autor einzig und allein aus dem Friedensvertrage von 1249t [BbigeneHO MHoro - P.K.]", T.e. „Ham aBTop [uMeeTca b Bugy C. rpyHay] 3Han 0 KypKe T0nbK0 no gaHHbiM MupoBoro goroBopa 1249 r.". ECnu ^T0 nono»eHue gencTBUTenbHO 060CH0BaHH0, to bch uH^opMa^ua, npeg-CTaBneHHaH rpyHay u He coBnagaro^aa C gaHHbiMu XpuCT6yprCKoro goroBopa, HBnaeT-ca ^mktubhom K0M^una^ueM, noBTopaeMon MHoruMu no3gHenmuMu uccnegoBaTena-mu pa3HHX ^^ox. 13 flenaTb TaKoe npegnono»eHMe mo»ho, ccbinaacb Ha cnoco6bi M3r0T0BneHMH ugonoB ^pyMeHTanbHoro KynbTa [npaBga, genaa oroBopKy no noBogy BpeMeHM npoBegeHMH o6pagoB, T.e. TeMnopanbHbm aCneKT] gpyrux ME HapogoB: rnMHHHaa CTaTya McBapa (fleKaHCKoe nnocKoropbe), B0CK0B0e M3BaaHue XpucTa b cnaBHHCKMx 3eMnax [aTy TpagM^MK>, BuguMO, mo»ho CBH3biBaTb C KynbTOM 6o»ecTBa nnogopogua H3bi-HecKMx BpeMeH - Cp. OpeM3ep 1980, 385] (cm. OpeM3ep op.cit. 382 T.g.). OHeHb HacTO BOCKOBbie M3BaaHMH 6oroB npucyTCTBOBanu b o6pagax gpeBHMx rpeKOB (OpeM3ep op.cit. 604). M3r0T0BneHue bockobmx ^uryp 6o»ecTB, n0-BMgMM0My, mo»ho CBH3biBaTb c KynbTOM yMepmux, cp. M3r0T0BneHMe MacKM nM^a yconmero (cp. MBaHOB 1990, 8), a nocnegHMß - c npupogHbiMM ^MKnaMM m 3aK0H0MepH0CTHMM acTpoHOMMHecKMx HBneHMM. Bock b KynbTe yMepmux ucn0nb30Banu m gpeBHue 6anTbi (cm. Alseikaite-Gimbutiene 1943, 8 T.g.). Oh TaK»e npuMeHHnca b ragaHuax (BRMŠ I 46; II 201, 210, 655; III 270 g., 279, 309; IV 74; LM III 169), b »epTBon-puHomeHMHx 6oraM (BRMŠ II 108; III 32, 59, 645, 649 t., 673, 681, 686 g.; LM III 210). Bce-TaKu rnaBHMM apryMeHTOM o npucyTCTBuu M3r0T0BneHUH bockob^ix ugonoB 6oroB m y 6anT0B [T.e. B03M0»Hbe npaMbie napannenu c ^aKTaMM, yKa3MBaeMMMM b XpucT6yprcK0M goroBope] HBnaeTca ynoMMHaHue TaKoro ^aKTa b goKyMeHTe 16 b. - b ucTopuHecKOM MCTOHHMKe 1578 r. yKa3 Kocmenam ye3da Pa^aÜHe Qsakas Ragaines apskrities bažnyčioms) roBopuTca, hto b eocmoHHOü npyccuu öbrnu u3zomoenaeMM eocKoebie u3eaaHua 6o-zoe (BRMŠ II 234). He06x0guM0 ynoMHHyTb, hto b gaBHue BpeMeHa 6anTbi Bepunu b ^ene6Hwe CBOMCTBa BOCKa (cp. BRMŠ III 598). no STOß npMHMHe cnegyeT npoaHanu3upoBaTb onucaHMe u MOTMBMpoBKy co3ga-Hua hobhx gaHHHx o npyccKoM 6o:ecTBe aBTopaMM no3gHeßmero nepuoga, T.e. npou3-BecTM Bepu^uKa^ro gaHHHx rpyHay. yke nepBoe yTBep:geHue rpyHay no noBogy npoucxo:geHua KynbTa npycc. Curcho [mmh 6o:ecTBa b npou3BegeHuu rpyHay He BapbupyeT] HaTanKuBaeT HuTaTena Ha 6onbmue coMHeHua: „Curcho war der 6. gott, und diesen sie hetten von den Masuren genomen" (Grunau 1876, 96). üoBog coMHeBaTbca b stom nono:eHuu gaëT caM aBTop TaKoß uH^opMa^u, yT-Bep:gaa, hto Me:goyco6u^ npyccoB u Ma3ypoB 6bina oneBugHa: „Mit den Masoviern lebte man wegen verweigerten Tributs in beständiger Fehde; <.. .> aber langjährige Kriege folgten, bis die Masovier wiederum mit ihren Opferungen nach Rickoyott kamen, um sich den Bruteni „beheglich" zu machen" (Mannhardt op.cit. 205), T.e. „C Ma3ypaMu ohu :unu b nocToaHHoM pa3gope u3-3a Hecornacua nnaTuTb gaHb; <...> nocroaHHaa Bpa:-ga gnunacb go Toro BpeMeHu, noKa Ma3ypH He npuöbmu c gapaMu [T.e. nogapKaMu 6o-raM - P.K.] b Pukomot, hto6h yMunocruBuTb BpyTaHuca". B cbh3u c stum Bo3HuKaeT Bonpoc o tom, Morau nu stu gBa Bpa:gyro^ue Hapoga nepeHaTb gpyr y gpyra KynbT 6ora, T.e. npu3HaTb rnaBeHcTBo ogHoro Hag gpyruM. BecbMa uHTepecHo, hto b stom yTBep:geHuu rpyHay coMHeBanca u npeTopuß, roBopa, hto eMy He yganocb HaßTu nogTBep:geHua o tom, hto Ma3ypH HTunu sto 6o-:ecTBo unu uMenu KaKoe-Huöygb npegcTaBneHue o HëM (MP III 253). BTopoe yTBep:geHue - „Dieser gott war ein gott der speise von dem, das zu essen und trincken tochte" (Grunau ibd.), T.e. ,3tot 6or 6bin 6o:ecTBoM nu^u, KoTopoMy npuroTOBnanu nuTbë u acTBa" [cp. noxo:uö nepeBog b BRMŠ II 113] - Boo6^e He nog-gaëTca norunecKoMy o6rbacHeHuK>, nocKonbKy b ucropuHecKux ucToHHuKax no3gHeß-mero nepuoga yTBep:gaeTca, hto cbecmbie 6nroga npuHocunucb b gap [b stom o6page Hago ycMaTpuBaTb He :epTBonpuHomeHue 6nrog, a o6pagoBoe ux u3roToBneHue u cbe-gaHue] He TonbKo 6ory, Ha KoToporo yKa3HBaeT rpyHay, ho u BceM npyccKuM 6o:ecTBaM (cp. BRMŠ II 144 T.g.; Kregždys 2008a, 96 T.g.). ^TOT ^aKT, npuBegëHHHM rpyHay, no-BuguMoMy, bo3huk u3-3a HenpaBunbHoß MHTep^peTa^MM TeKcTa XpucT6yprcKoro goroBopa Ha naTuHcKoM a3HKe, T.e. „collectis frugibus" oh HaBepHaKa BocnpuHan KaK ablativus copiae u noaToMy nogaëT He cooTBeTc-TByro^yro geMcTBuTenbHocru uH^opMa^ro14. npuxoguTca co:aneTb o tom, hto stu yTBep:geHua rpyHay ccbinaro^ueca Ha ero TpygH uccnegoBaTenu pac^HuBaroT KaK o6rbeKTuBHbie ^aKTH, npuToM yTBep:garoT, hto KypKa 6bin 6oroM nu^u (cp. Creuzer 1822, 95; TonopoB 1984, 313; Usaciovaitè 2009, 50), cp. „Dazu taucht noch von irgendwoher ein Gott der Speisen und Getränke namens Curcho oder Curche auf" (Beresnevičius 1997, 162), T.e. „üosToMy 6or nuTba u acTBa Curcho unu Curche noaBunca oTKyga-To". 14 3gecb Heo6xoguMo ynoMaHyTb e^ë oguH apryMeHT b nonb3y KpuTuHecKoß o^hku gaHHHx, Ha KoTopHe yKa3HBaeT rpyHay - BpeTKyHac, uMea b nonb3oBaHuu TpygH rpyHay u gpyrue uctohhuku, yTBep:gaeT, hto „6otom BcaKux nnogoB u 3naKoBHx" 6bin nymKaÖTMC (Puschkaitus, Pußkaiten - BRMŠ II 306 g.) (cm. Kregždys 2008, 65). KoHeHHo, mo:ho genaTb npegnono:eHue o tom, hto uMa 6ora nymKaßTuca [no npo-ucxo:geHuro - ^^MTeT 6o:ecTBa (Kregždys op.cit. 66)] b gpyrux npyccKux nneMeHax Morno uMeTb gpyroe ^oHeTuqecKoe BHpa:eHue. Ecnu 6h ^TOT ^aKT nogTBepgunca, to ero To:e mo:ho 6bino 6h uHTepnpe-TupoBaTb KaK ^^HTeT 6o®ecTBa, Mo:eT 6biTb uMero^ero MHoro o6^ero c xtohutockum npyccKuM 6oroM naToncoM (cp. Kregždys ibd.) (cm. ganbme). TpeTbe nono»eHue rpyHay To»e BecbMa coMHuTenbHo: „Darumb auff der stel itzundt Heiligenbeil genant sein bilt und eiche mit dem feuer war, und do man brandte gedrossen korne, wezen adir meel, honigk, milch und dergleichen. Diesem man auch vor-brandte zur ehren die ersten garben des getreides und solchir manirung vil" (Grunau ibd.), T.e. „^0^T0My Ha tom MecTe, KOTopoe ceÖHac Ha3brnaK>T Heiligenbeil (ffiBeHTanune)15, Haxogunca ero ugon u gy6, u KocTep »erca, u TaM, npuHoca »epTBbi [gapbi 6ory - P.K.], c»uranu o6MonoHeHHoe 3epHo, nmeHo unu MyKy, Meg, MonoKo u nogo6Hbie Be^u. B ero HecTb c»uranu u nepBbie cHonbi 3naK0Bbix, u e^e MHoroe hto" (BRMŠ ibd.). OgHa u3 rnaBHbix npuHuH coMHeBaTbca b ^T0M coo6^eHuu rpyHay - HecoBnage-Hue b Hucne noHuTaeMbix b PoMyBe 6oroB, rge, no yTBep»geHuro caMoro rpyHay, »ep-TBonpuHomeHua coBepmanucb TpeM 6oraM (e^e cp. MHeHue MaHHxapgTa (Mannhardt op.cit. 216)) ^tom TeMe nocBa^eHa u nocnegHaa anonoreTuHecKaa cTaTba TpygoB ne-Tonu^a, HanucaHHaa r. BepecHaBuHrocoM - http://www.aidai.lt/zidinys/49.htm; cm. Kregždys 2009, 129]. nocnegHee yTBep»geHue rpyHay (ibd.) o »epTBonpuHomeHuu pbi6bi coBceM He y6eguTenbHo: „So ist am Hockerlande am habe ein stein genant zum heiligen stein, auff diesem ein iglicher fischer im den irsten fisch zur ehren vorbrandte, dan er im gerne ir-greiff. Und ein solchs man auch andirswu thun mochte, idoch alhie war seine sonderliche stelle zu dem lobe", T.e. „TaK»e b XoKKepnaHge HaxoguTca KaMeHb, Ha3biBaeMbiM cBH^eHHbiM KaMHeM, Ha KoTopoM Ka»gbiö pbi6aK b HecTb ^T0^0 6ora c»uraeT nepByro noÖMaHHyro pbi6y. ^T0 mo^ho genaTb u b nro6oM gpyroM MecTe, ho 3gecb 6bino oco-6eHHoe MecTo gna ero noHuTaHua" (BRMŠ II 113). B no3gHeömux ucToHHuKax 16 b. (b ÄmBHMCKüü KHUMKe u Aaeuöe) yTBep»gaeTca, hto pbi6aKu npenogHocunu »epTBbi He 6ory Curche, a Bardoyts (cm. Kregždys 2008 96, 98), K0T0pbiö, no gaHHHM nocnegHux uccnegoBaHuö no ^TUMono^uu ^T0^0 TeoHuMa, aBnaeTca 6oroM 6ypu u M0»eT 6biTb ucTonKoBaH KaK ^^uTeT nepKyHaca (Kregždys op.cit. 98 T.g.)16. ^0^T0My mo«ho genaTb BbiBog o tom, hto uH^opMa^uH b Tpygax rpyHay He cooTBeTcTByeT ^aKTunecKuM gaH-hhm ucTopuHecKux uctohhukob no3gHeömero nepuoga, b gocToBepHocTu KoTopbix Mano kto coMHeBaeTca. MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt op.cit. 216), k co»aneHuro, Ha ^Tu HecooTBeTcTBua He 06-paTun BHuMaHuH, T.e. no oTHomeHuro »epTBonpuHomeHua pbi6bi 6ory Curcho oh 6bin cornaceH c MHeHueM rpyHay. K T0My »e oh npuBoguT gononHuTenbHbie cBegeHua o tom, hto TaKoM o6pag Mor 6bTb ocy^ecTBnaeM HeganeKo ot ropoga $payeH6ypr [anocTonb-ckum ^HTp BapMuu - P.K.], rge Haxogunca cBH^eHHbm KaMeHb, Ha KoTopoM npuHo-cunacb b »epTBy pbi6a. ^Ta T0HKa 3peHuH MaHHxapgTa, ocHoBaHHaH Ha uH^opMa^uu, npuBoguMoM K. XeHHeH6eprepoM (Hennenberger) (cm. Narbutas 1995, 144), KoHeHHo uHTepecHa, ho Bpag nu o6ocH0BaHa nognuHHbiMu ^aKTaMu u Hage»HbiMu ucTopuHec-KuMu ucT0HHuKaMu. 15 TaKue paccy»geHua rpyHay ganu noBog cTopoHHuKaM geHgponoruHecKoM Teopuu (flay6MaHHy, M. Mapu-Huro, ryaHbuHu, CTpbiMKoBcKoMy, KoMenoBuHy) n0Kanu30BaTb ^HTp npyccKoro a3biHecTBa PoMyBa b Bap-Muu, rge, no ux cBegeHuaM, poc orpoMHoM BenuHuHbi gy6, K0T0pbiM Mor 6biTb KynbToBbM MecToM 6oroB (Mierzynski 1900, 14) (cp. Kregždys 2009, 154). 16 OHeHb Ba»Ho nogHepKHyTb, hto HeT HuKaKoM Hago6HocTu ycMaTpuBaTb STHuHecKoe pacHneHeHue, T.e. genaTb pa3nuHue Me»gy HTBaraMu u gpyruMu rpynnaMu npyccoB, nocKonbKy b SmsxMCKoü KHUMKe (BRMŠ II 149) yKa3aHo, hto BapgaMTuca HTunu HacToa^ue npyccbi [T.e. narygaHe - cm. Büga III 120; Mažiulis 1966, 15] u htbh™ (Kregždys 2008a, 96). HenpaBgonogoÔHbiM m MCKa»aro^MM MH^opMauuro goroBopa opgeHa 1249 r. m cooTBeTCTBeHHo nogTBep»garo^MM ^MKTUBHocTb MH^opMauuM, npegnaraeMoö b Tpygax rpyHay, aBnaeTca ero »e yTBep»geHue, hto ugonbi Curcho m Worsskeyto croanu Ha xonMe KoMaÖHaß b CeMÖe (Grunau 1889, 774; cp. Miltakis 2009, 92). CaM rpyHay (Grunau 1876, 96) u ccbinaBmueca Ha ero nono»eHua uccnegoBaTenu no3gHeömero nepuoga BpeTKyHac u XapTKHox yTBep»garoT, hto ugon 6ora Haxogunca b ffiBeHTanune (b BapMuu) - o KaKoM-nu6o xonMe b Tpygax stmx aBTopoB HeT hm Maneömero HaMëKa. Ha-npoTMB, ohm yTBep»garoT, hto 6o»ecTBo 6bino nowraeMo y 6onbmoro gy6a (Kregždys 2009, 131, 154)17. B CBH3M c 3TMMM pa3biCKaHuaMM 3gecb Heuenecoo6pa3Ho aHanu3upoBaTb ^aKTM-necKyro MH^opMauuro aBTopoB no3gHeömero nepuoga, KoTopbie nepecKa3biBaroT cohm-HeHue rpyHay. Mcxoga u3 BHme npegcraBneHHoro aHanu3a ^aKTunecKoro MaTepuana SToro neTonucua no noBogy Kynbra npycc. Curcho, mo»ho yTBep»gaTb, hto nepegaH-Haa mm MH^opMauuH gon»Ha pacueHMBaTbca KaK ^uKTMBHaa c oTTeHKoM acceucTMHec-Koro xapaKTepa. K pagy TaKux aBTopoB npuHagne»aT He TonbKo nepequcneHHbie b pa3gene yno-MUHaHUH 6oMecmBa Curche b ucmopUHecKUx ucmoHHUKax uccnegoBaTenu (BpeTKyHac m gp.), ho m ccbinaro^uöca Ha pa6oTbi nocnegHux X. XapTKHox, KoTopbiM, ocHoBbiBaacb Ha Tpygax rpyHay (cp. BRMŠ II 113), oco6oe MecTo nowraHua KypKM - KaMeHb - noKa-nu3yeT b PoKKepnaHge, T.e. b nore3aHuu, ueHTpoM KoTopoM, no CBugeTenbCTBy ^ ffiroT-ua (Schütz 1592, 6), BnocnegcTBuu cran ^nb6MH^ (cm. MP I 681). ^To cBoë yTBep»geHue oh apryMeHTupyeT aKo6bi ucTopuorpa^MHecKu nognuHHbiM ^aKToM, hto KaMeHb, noc-Ba^ëHHHM KypKe, gon»eH 6bin HaxoguTbca y Bogbi (cm. Narbutas 1994, 151). üoBepuTb b MCTMHHocTb TaKoro paccKa3a oneHb TpygHo, nocKonbKy b TaKoM cnynae noKanu3auuro KynbToBoro MecTa Hy»Ho 6bino 6h CBa3biBaTb numb c »epTBonpuHomeHueM pbi6bi, xoTa b „CKa3Ke o6 anTape KypKu" (cm. Narbutas 1995, 144) yTBep»gaeTca, hto 6ory b »epTBy npuHocunucb u nepBbie BeceHHue nnogbi. OcHoBbiBaacb Ha TaKux yTBep»ge-Huax XapTKHoxa, nepBMHHyro ^yHKuuro KypKM Hy»Ho 6bino 6h CBa3biBaTb co c^epoH BogaHoro npocTpaHCTBa, xoTa o TaKoM He ynoMMHaeTca b XpucT6yprcKoM goroBope. üoaToMy TaKue paccy»geHua, BuguMo, gon»Hbi pacueHMBaTbca no HauMeHoBaHuro npou3BegeHua XapTKHoxa „CKa3Ka...". HecMoTpa Ha stm coo6pa»eHua, Heo6xoguMo CKa3aTb HecKonbKo cnoB o CBoge ^yHKUMM 6o»ecTBa u onucaHuu npa3gHecTB b ero necTb, npegcTaBneHHoM üpeTopueM, nocKonbKy ga»e ceönac noaBnaroTca uccnegoBaHua, b KoTopbix stm gaHHbie ucronKo-BMBaeTca KaK nognuHHbie, xoTa HMKaKUMu ^aKTaMM He nogTBep»garoTca (cp. Narbutas 1994, 151 T.g., 1995, 141 T.g.). üpeTopuß, KaK u rpyHay, ynoMMHaeT ^yHKuuro noKpo-BMTena 3naKoBbix - „Gurklius, Gott des Getreidesegens", xoTa oroBapuBaeMoe mm »ep-TBonpuHomeHue ocTaTKoB nu^M npocTo M3yMnaeT. Oh egHHCTBeHHMH yTBep»gaeT, hto npyccbi cbomm 6oraM b »epTBy npenogHocunu koctm «hbothhx: npyccbi, npo»u-BaBmue b HagpyBe, 6oruHe ^eMMHe »epTBoBanu co»»ëHHbie koctm (BRMŠ III 246); 17 O noKanM3a^MM MecTa no^MTaHMa 6o»ecTBa b goroBope opgeHa ot 1249 r. He ynoMMHaeTca, xoTa TonopoB (1984, 314) eë ycTaHaBnMBaeT b naMage, BapMMM m HoTaHre. Oh TaK»e c ocTopo»HocTbro oTMe^aeT, mto KynbT 6ora Mor 6biTb pacnpocTpaHëH m b cocegHMx 3eMnax. O^eBMgHo, mto nogo6Hoe nono»eHMe ocHoBaHo Ha nepe^McneHMM gaHHbix o6nacTeH b goroBope opgeHa c CBa3M c y^acTMeM b nognucaHMM ^To^o goKyMeHTa npegcTaBMTeneM ^TMx HapogHocTeM npyccMM (cm. 2 CHocKy). Ho ^To He o3Ha^aeT, mto npycc. Curche 6bin no^MTaeM bo Bcex yKa3aHHwx o6nacTax. KOCTM CBMHbM, KOTOpbie He cbeganu COÓaKM, C^MraroT BO BpeMfl npa3gHeCTB HaBO3Hu- (npu6nu3uTenbHo 24 uroHa) (BRMS III 298 g., 305, 320). Abtop TaKux cBegeHuñ, TOHHee - ux co3gaTenb, HaBepHoe, caM ce6e He oTgaBan othct, hto to, hto oh cHuTan ^epTBonpMHomeHMeM, b geñcTBuTenbHocTu HBnanocb cBATOTaTcTBOM u nopyraHueM Hag H3HHecKUMu 6oraMu (cp. MeTogonoruro BBegeHua xpucTuaHCTBa, onucbiBaeMyro C. Poctobckum - BRMS IV 144). CBoro ^aHTa3Hro npeTopuñ o6ocHOBbrnaeT noxo^uMu H3HHecKUMu o6pagaMu rpeKOB, KOTOpbie b cboux np0U3BegeHUHx BbicMeuBaroT aBTopbi KOMeguñHoro ^aHpa ^B6on Komuk u MeHaHgp (cp. MP III 257; BRMS III 253). Mo^eT 6biTb npeTopuñ xo-Ten noeMeHTbeH Hag npegcraBuTenaMu cTaporo BepoBaHua, TaK KaK KpuTuKa MeHaHg-pa ^uHUHHa u HuHeM He o6ocHOBaHHa, T.e. oh ucKa^aeT ayTeHTuHHbie ^aKTbi. flpeBHue rpeKu b ^epTBy 6oraM npenogHocunu He ronbie koctu [o6rnogaHHbie nrogbMu unu co-6aKaMu], ho c^uranu b ^up [TOHHee - b cano] 3aBepHyTbie koctu (Ha^e Bcero 6egpa ^uBOTHoro)18 (cp. Guhl, Koner 1896, 470 g.). Ecnu noBogoM gna TaKoro cpaBHeHua 6bin o6biHañ 6anTOB 3aKanbiBaTb koctu ^epTBeHHoro ^uBOTHoro b yrny nona, to npe^ge Bcero Hago goKa3aTb tot ^aKT, hto TaKoñ o6pag mo^ho ucTonKOBbiBaTb He KaK o6biH-Hoe 3axopoHeHue ocTaHKOB, a KaK oco6biñ KynbTOBbiñ aKT. y cnaBAH 6bm o6biHañ c^u-raTb koctu ^uBOTHoro, ga6bi yHuHTO^uTb 3noñ gyx, ho ^TO HuKaK He cBA3aHo c noHu-TaHueM 6oroB, a c o6pagoM noxopoH, MMero^MM MHoro o6^ero c Tpagu^uHMu TaKoro Tuna gpyrux ME HapogoB (cm. MBaHOB 1989, 79 T.g.). TaK hto TaKue „^aKTbi", npuBoguMbie npeTopueM, mo^ho ucronKOBbiBaTb KaK BMMMcen (cp. MP III 717), He uMero^uñ HuHero o6^ero c ucropuHecKu nognuHHbiMu gaHHHMu. K ^TOMy mo^ho go6aBuTb, hto TaKue yTBep^geHua npeTopua BecbMa cxo-^u c ero Teopueñ o npoucxo^geHuu uMeHu 6ora [T.e. co otobom npycc. gurcle „ropno"; 3HaHuT, 6or Bce noegaeT, ga^e ocTaHKu nu^H (cm. ganbme)], a ^TO o6cToaTenbcTBo Ha-BoguT Ha Mbcnb o KpuTuHecKoM BocnpuaTuu u gpyrux gaHHbix no noBogy KynbTypHoñ ^u3Hu npyccoB, npuBoguMbix ^TUM aBTopoM. K co^aneHuro, uHorga ^Tu „cBegeHua" TpaKTyroTca KaK nognuHHbie (cp. Narbutas 1994, 151). Mraa^ MoraH XaHym (Hanusch 1842, 226), ccbinaacb Ha onucb hutobckux 6oroB Teogopa Hap6yTaca (Narbutt 1835, 30), yTBep^gaeT, hto nuTOB^i uMeHaMu Kurko unu Kurchos 3OByT „3UMHee conH^", KOTopoe cooTBeTcTByeT npyccKOMy 6ory Ziemiennikas. Oh goBonbHo cBoeo6pa3Ho uHTepnpeTupyeT ynoMuHaHue KynbTa KypKu b goroBope 1249 r.: u3o6pa^eHue Kurcho, cuMBonu3upoBaBmee „3uMHee conH^", yHuHTo^anocb, nocKonbKy, no cnoBaM XaHyma, gpyrue aBTopbi BMecTo rnarona naT. confingere, 3acBuge-TenbcTBOBaHHoro b goroBope 1249 r., ynoTpe6naroT naT. confringere [„(c)noMaTb, yHuH-To^uTb, pa3pymuTb" - P.K.]. ^TOT o6pag [o6 yHuHTo^eHuu ugona numeT u Kpoñ^p (Creuzer 1822, 95)] cuMBonu3upoBan no6egy neTHero conH^ Hag 3umhum (cp. LM I 120). 18 Cp. 'IXuiôoc; y 243: Kai râ [oaréa naTpÖKXoio - P.K.] |aev év xpuaép ^làXp Kai ôinXaKi 5r||A& Oeio|aev (Dindorf, Hentze 1921, 217), T.e. „oto^mm mii mx [koctm naTpoK.a], ®MpoM noBœaHHbie, b 3o.oTyK> ypHy"; 252-253: ÔCTTéa Xeurà aXXeyov éç xpuoe^v ^làX^v Kai ôinXara 5r||AÖv (Dindorf, Hentze op.cit. 218), T.e. „6enbie koctm co6panM b ypHy m gBOMHbiM c.oeM [oÖMOTa.™]; 'Oôuaaeiac; y 456-458: a^ap S' ek ^npia Ta^vov navra Karâ ^otpav, Karâ Te kvîct^ éràXuyav öinru^a noi^aavreç (Henke 1933, 47), T.e. „B ogHo^acbe 6ëgpa Hagne^a^MM 0Öpa30M Bwpe3a.M, hbomhwm c.oeM ®Mpa noKpwnM"; 'OôuCTCTeiaç ^ 360-361: spolie; t' é^ÉTa^ov KaTa Te Kviar| éKaXuyav ôinTu^a noi^aavTe; (Henke op.cit. 212), T.e. „6ëgpa Bwpe3a.M, gBofabiM c.oeM ®Mpa noKpwnM" m gp. Oh (Hanusch op.cit. 291) cpaBHUBaeT ugeHTUHHo 3Byna^ee umh cnaBHHCKoro 6ora Curho c gpyruMU 6oraMU ^T0M ^THUHecK0M rpynnH Kurch, Kors, KaK ^oHeTunec-Kue ero BapuaHTH, a c hmmm cBH3HBaeT hutobckum TeoHUM Krugis, Bxoga^UM b mu^o-HorunecKUM o6pHgoBHM coro3 c hut. Budraycis KaK UTaHUMCKUM ByHKaH u ^UKH0^H. ^Ty nceBgoHay^Hyro ^aHTa3uro KaK pa^uoHaHbHyro b3hhch UHTepnpeTupoBaTb Mraac Hap-6yTac (Narbutas 1994, 156), cgenaB BHBog o bo3mokhom reHeTunecKoñ cbh3u Curcho u 6ora KueBHHH Xopca. He BgaBaacb b nogpo6HocTU BecbMa coMHUTeHbHoö runoTe3H XaHyma, HyKHo ynoMHHyTb rnaBHHM apryMeHT, ocH0BHBaacb Ha K0T0pHM mokho c yBepeHHoCTbro 0T6p0CUTb TaKUe HUKaKUMU HayHHHMU U3HCKaHUHMU He 0CH0BaHHHe goragKU - oTcyTCTBue aHanu3a cnaBHHCKUx gaHHHX. npo6neMaTUKy ^T0^0 Bonpoca b cboux Tpygax 3aTpoHyn AneKcaHgp BproKHep (Brückner 1980, 16), BHCKa3aB MHeHue o B03M0KH0M CBH3U UMeHU CHaBHHCK0r0 6oKeCTBa C npUHaraTeHbHHM „0T0^aBmuñ" (Brückner op.cit. 18), T.e. BHgBUHyn runoTe3y o TpaKT0BKe TeoHUMa KaK ^^UTeTa 6ora HyHM (Brückner op.cit. 162), xoth ocTaBHHeT ^TUM0H0^uro cH0Ba go koh^ He BHHCHeH-H0M (Brückner op.cit. 90 T.g.). BproKHep (Brückner op.cit. 154 g., 336) BecbMa apryMeH-TupoBaHHo onpoBepraeT cBH3b foyHrnuM 6oKecTBa c geöcTBueM cohhto ^to o6ctoh-TenbCTBo 3acTaBHHeT oTBeprHyTb runoTe3y Hap6yTaca, nocKonbKy oh 0CH0BHBaeT eë UMeHHo Ha CBH3U UMeHU 6ora c ^yH^ueñ cKuraHUH u orHH (cm. ganbme)]. HecM0Tpa Ha to, HT0 go cero BpeMeHU ocTaëTca HeBHHCHeHHoö ^TUM0H0^UH TeoHUMa Xopc - ecTb MHeHue, HT0 ^T0 Ha3BaHue TropKCKoro cTenHoro Hapoga, a He 6ora (cp. Brückner op.cit. 90, 155) -, HagneKaBmuM 06pa30M goHKHa 6HTb npoBepeHa runoTe3a o bo3mokhom peK0HCTpy^uu nyHapHoro KynbTa, T.e. 6oKecTBa aHTaroHUcTunecKoro conapHoMy. yKe ynoMHHyTaa runoTe3a Hap6yTaca (Narbutas 1994, 1995) u npuBoguMHe mm apryMeHTH He T0HbK0 U3yMHHroT, ho u HacTopaKUBaroT: „<...> npoKopnuBocTb Curcho cBH3HBaeT ero He T0HbK0 c cohh^m, ho u co 3HoeM u orHëM". K coKaneHuro, Hap6yTac rny6oKo 3a6nyKgaeTCH b tom, hto ^opMa Curcho [c UHU^uaHbHHM C-] UMeeT hto-to o6^ee c npycc. gurcle „ropno", hut. gerkle „t.k." [T.e. ero runoTe3a 0CH0BaHa Ha U3-HanaHbHo 0mu60HH0M cpaBHeHUu gByx HeKceM, He UMero^ux MeKgy co6om Hunero o6^ero He T0HbK0 b nnaHe ceMaHTunecKoro ypoBHH, ho u ^TUM0H0^UHecK0^0]. Fungus nascitur una nocte - b3hb ^Ty ^ceBg0^TUM0H0^UHecKyro ^aHTa3uro 3a npaBgy [cm. 24 cHocKy], Hap6yTac cBH3HBaeT ropno c orHëM, K0T0pHM ganbme othocutch k Curcho. ABTop ^TUX coo6paKeHUM npuBoguT u hko6h HUHrBUcTunecKue apryMeHTH. Ochobh-Baacb Ha uccnegoBaHuax Byru, BproKHepa, TonopoBa u gp., oh npegnonaraeT, hto ropno mokho cBH3HBaTb c orHëM, a oroHb - c cHaB. krnčb „KycT", 6np. Kopn „t.k.", nonbCK. karcz „KycT, neHb" (cp. Büga I 448; II 79). ^0^T0My oh npuxoguT k BHBogy, hto „UMeHHo KycTH 6hhu caMHM gocTynHHM T0nnuB0M" (Narbutas 1994, 155) [coBceM He noHHTHo, noneMy aBTop ^TUX npegnonoKeHUM ccHHaeTca Ha onucaHue rep0g0T0M cKU^cKoro 06-pa3a KU3HU - go cux nop 6hho npuHHTo cnuTaTb, hto npyccH He npuHagneKaT ^T0M ^THUHecK0M rpynne (!)]. E^ë xyKe apryMeHTupoBaH u He HBHHeTCH cK0HbK0-Hu6ygb npaBgonogo6HHM aHanu3 ceMaHTunecKoft nocnegoBaTenbHocTU cH0Ba, nocKonbKy ^T0 HeB03M0KH0 nogTBepguTb ayTeHTUHHHM HUHrBUcTunecKUM MaTepuanoM: „ropno" ^ „rnoTaHue" ^ „KKeHue oraa" ^ „TBopeHue cBeTa". no cnoBaM Hap6yTaca (ibd.), ^Ta onepëgHocTb „B03HUKHa U3 onHTa UHgoeBponeöcKUx npapoguTeneö, KUTeneô cTe-neö". flpyraa ero (Narbutas ibd.) MHcnb T0Ke He noggaëTCH H0runecK0My o6^HCHeHuro: „KynbT Curcho Henb3H cnuTaTb nonuTaHueM geM0Ha, nocKonbKy umh ero coothocmmo C CaMHMU C0Kp0BeHHHMU o6'beKTaMU MUpa - orHëM, Bogoö, KaMHeM". C ^T0M MHCHbro Hap6yTaca, HaBepHoe, Hy^Ho cBH3biBaTb u ero nonbiTKy npycc. Curche o6ï>HCHHTb KaK nneBoK flueBaca, u3 K0Toporo Hapogu.cH 6o^um „noMo^HHK u KoHKypeHT .^k^ukic" (cp. Narbutas 1995, 143). M3-3a oneBugHoro HecooTBeTCTBuH TaKux paccy^geHun c gaHHHMH goroBopa opgeHa 1249 r., ux paccM0TpeHue 6eccMbicneHH0. KpoMe M. Hap6yTaca (ibd.), y^e ynoMHHyrae npegnocbUKu npeTopuH, Ka^eTCH, g.H gpyrux uccnegoBaTenen He 6bmu npueM.eMbi. HaMHoro 6o.bmero BHHMaHHH ygoc-Tou.acb o6cy^gaBmaHCH ^h^hh rpyHay. Bo.bme Bcero b cboux Tpygax Ha Heë ccbma-eTCH B. H. TonopoB (1984, 309 T.g.), xoth oh He 3a6biBaeT ynoMHHyTb u MH^opMa^MK) XpucT6yprcKoro goroBopa, u npeTopuH. Bcë-TaKu, uMeH b Bugy g0craT0HH0 BecKue apryMeHTH, goKa3biBaro^ue HeHagë^HocTb u He.oruHHocTb MHorux u3 hux, ux ynoMu-HaHue Ba^Ho numb g.H ucropuorpa^unecKou onucu ucc.egoBaHuu no gaHH0My Bon-pocy. no yTBep^geHuro TonopoBa (ibd.), npycc. Curche HB.HeTCH gyxoM n.ogopoguH. TaK^e gonycKaeTCH B03M0^H0CTb, hto oho Mor.o cuMBo.u3upoBaTb 3.oro geM0Ha, K0Toporo .rogu nbiTa.ucb nporHaTb u3 noc.egHero CHona. TaKon o6pHg 6h. oco6eHHo pacnpocTpaHëH Ha c.aBHHCKux 3eM.Hx19. KpoMe Toro, no yTBep^geHuro ^T0^0 ucc.e-goBaTe.H (TonopoB op.cit. 314; e^ë cm. MBaH0B, TonopoB 1983, 152), noxo^un puTya. uMe. MecTo u Ha TeppuTopuu ^aTBuu: .Tm. Jumis Becb rog npHHeTCH nog KaMHeM, a bo BpeMH ^aTBH p^u npHHeTCH b noc.egHeM cHone. M Bcë-TaKu TaKoe cpaBHeHue ^TMx 6o^ecTB Ka^eTCH BecbMa noBepxHocTHHM, xoth B. MBaH0B u TonopoB (MBaH0B, TonopoB op.cit. 140 T.g.) npuBogHT o6mupHbin pa36op MHoronucneHHHx npuMepoB u3 naramcKoro ^o.bK.opa. r.aBHHM HegocTaToK ^T0^0 aHa.u3a - HeageKBaTHaH TpaKToBKa ^aKT0B b cTpeMneHuu goKa3aTb npaBu.b-H0CTb run0Te3bi: o6pHg MMHCa CBH3biBaeTCH C Ky!bT0M 6nu3He^B, BecbMa HaCTbIM B noBepbHx ME HapogoB, xoth aBTopbi npegnono^eHHH He npuBogaT hu ogHoro npuMe-pa, ocHOBMBaacb Ha KOTopoM, mo^ho 6bino 6m yTBep^gaTb, hto Wmhc caMUMu naTM-maMu BocnpuHUManca KaK gBa 6o^ecTBa [b ganHax ynoMHHaro^uecH Mmhch pa3Hbix pacTeHun TaK^e He npegno.araroT apxeTuna Ky.bTa 6nu3He^B, nocKo.bKy Ha3BaHun pacTeHun, cooTBeTCTBeHHo u Mmhcob, 6o.bme neM gBa, ^0^T0My TaKue HauMeH0BaHuH 6ora (cm. ga.bme) Hy^Ho BocnpuHuMaTb KaK pa3nuHHbie ^nopucTHHecKue cumbo.h Toro ^e caMoro pe^epeHTa]. yTBep^geHue TonopoBa (1984, 314), hto hko6h .Tm. Jumis - Jumlts, Jumis - Jumallts co3garoT 0^^03M^M0HHHe 3BeHbH, TaK^e He.b3H goKa3aTb, nocKo.bKy aBTop runoTe3H npoTUBopenuT caMoMy ce6e. DiaBHaH nepTa TaKon onno-3M^MM - oranžne cy6^eKT0B b ^yH^uoHanbHoñ, B03pacTH0n unu b c^epe npupogH xapaKTepa, K0T0pbie MBaH0B u TonopoB (op.cit. 172 T.g.) oco6o nognëpKuBaroT, cpaBHu-BaH uTanuMCKux PoMy.a u PeMa, npyccKux BangeByTuca (Worskaito „cTapmun (6paT)") u BpyTHHuca (Iszwambrato < npycc. swais brati „ero 6paT"), .utobckux KpuBe-KpuBan-Tuca. Heo6xoguMo nognepKHyTb, hto b .aTHmcKux ganHax HeT hu Manenmero HaMëKa Ha to, hto Wmhc npegcTaBnaeT co6oh gBa pa3nuHHMX [no yKa3aHHHM KpuTepuHM] 6o^ecTBa, He roBopH y^e o tom, hto Hurge He roBopuTCH o 6paTe 6IM3He^e MMuca. fle.aH 0630p ^TMM0I0^MHecKMx nonHT0K MHTep^peTa^MM gaHHoro TeoHuMa, mo»ho c yBepeHHocTbro yTBep^gaTb, hto npoucxo^geHue c.oBa ropa3go npo^e, neM npuHHTo cHHTaTb go cux nop. 3gecb ynoMHHeM .umb tot ^aKT, hto yMeHbmuTe.bHaH ^opMa uMeHu 6o^ecTBa Jumlts, Mop^onorunecKu o6^HCHHeMaH KaK BTopu^HaH no ot- 19 PaHbme TonopoBa noxo^yro ranoTe3y c^opMyrapoBa. O. ByHK (Bujak 1925, 29). Oh yTBep^ga., mto ra-T0B^H Ha3HBaroT KypKanoM ®yKa, K0T0pHn HecëT Bpeg 3.aK0BHM. OgHaKo omu6o^HocTb TaKon goragKH pacKpH. M. Hap6yTac (Narbutas 1995, 141). HomeHuro k naT. Jumis, Ha caMoM gene aBnaeTca nepBUHHoM, T.e. npou3BogHoM ^opMoM ot naTBuMcKoro UMeHU, o6o3HaHaro^ero 6ora He6ecHoro cBoga, BuguMo U3gaBHa cbh3h-BaeMoro c BereTa^eM pacTeHUM (cp. JBR II 146), UMero^ero neKcunecKue cooTBeTcTBua b cnaBHHcKMX H3biKax [a sto nogpa3yMeBaeT Heo6xogHMocTb nepecMoTpa HbrnemHUx rMnoTe3 no STUMonoruu cnoBa - Bce ohm cBa3aHbi c aHanu3oM ceMeM „6nu3He^ gBoMHoM", nocKonbKy ohm ocHoBaHbi Ha neKcmecKUx SKBUBaneHTax UHguMcKoM, upaHcKoM unu ga»e KenbTcKoM h3hkobhx rpynn, ho He 6anTuMcKoM unu cnaBaHcKoM b nepByro onepegb - stot ^aKT oco6eHHo HacTopa»UBaeT oTHocuTenbHo npaBunbHocTU TaKUx pa3bicKaHuM]. To »e caMoe moäho cKa3aTb u o Bo3HUKHoBeHUu 3HaneHuM nTm. jumis „gBoMHoM Konoc, opex u gp.". Mcxoga U3 geTanbHoro aHanu3a no ceMaHTUKe cnoBa, mo»-ho roBopuTb o btopuhhom npoucxo»geHUu gaHHWx 3HaneHuM, a TaKaa no3U^a coot-BeTcTByeT nono»eHuro #Huca ^Hg3enuHa: „<...>während Zwillinge nur ausnahmsweise zusammengewachsen sind <...>" (ME II 117 g.). TaK hto uctoku npoucxo»geHua TeoHUMa Hy»Ho ucKaTb b aTpu6yTUKe 6o»ecTBa (cm. ganbme). O6 stom, Me»gy nponuM, roBopuTca u b npeBocxogHoM uccnegoBaHUu Ha 3Ty TeMy MBaHoBa u TonopoBa (op. cit. 168)20. PeKoHcTpyupyeMHÖ 6nu3HeHHbiM mu^ ocHoBbiBaeTca Ha STUMonorunecKoM nocnegoBaTenbHocTU nTm. Jumis < ME * (h)iom-i-os (cp. MBaHoB, TonopoB op.cit. 144), b npaBunbHocTU KoTopoM b cBoe BpeMa ycoMHunca ^Hg3enuH (ME ibd.). Oh coMHeBanca He TonbKo no noBogy uraopupoBaHua gaHHWx ^onbKnopa, ho u oTcyTcTBua Mop^ono-runecKoro u ceMaHTunecKoro aHanu3a UMeHU, ocHoBbiBaacb Ha KoTopoM, roBopuTb a KaKoM-nu6o pogcTBe naT. Jumis c npycc. Curche He npuxoguTca (cm. 21 cHocKy). TaK»e HeT Hage»HWx gaHHWx, ocHoBbiBaacb Ha KoTopwe, mo»ho 6wno 6bi yT-Bep»gaTb, hto Mmuc o3Hanan 3noro gyxa, KoToporo cTapanucb nporHaTb c nona. Ha-npoTUB, „noBna" MMuca u ero „nouMKa" o3Hananu ygany u ycnex: [gaMHbi] eita visi nu uz lauku jumta kert tirumä; kas sakers rudzu jumi, tam büs laime citu gadu BW 28523, T.e. „noMgeM ceMnac Bce Ha none noBUTb MMuca; kto noMMaeT p»aHoro MMuca, ToMy Ha cnegyro^UM rog 6ygeT cnacTbe ynbi6aTbca". HaBepHoe, ecTb ocHoBaHue yTBep»gaTb (cp. MBaHoB, TonopoB op.cit. 164), hto sto 6o»ecTBo mo»ho ugernu^u^poBaTb c cuMBonuKoM yKpameHUM KpoBnu goMa, oco6o nacTo BcTpenaro^eMca Ha TeppuTopuu ^utbh u ^aTBUu, rnaBHbM aneMeHToM KoTopoM aBnaroTca gBe21 gepeBHHHbe nomaguHbe ronoBb [coeguHeHHbe KpecToo6pa3- 20 B Tpyge MBaHoBa u TonopoBa (op.cit. 156 t.) ycTaHoBneHa o^eHb Ba»Haa B3auMocBa3b Me»gy nTm. Jumis u 6anTUMcKUM ypaHucTU^ecKUM 6o»ecTBoM (nuT. nepKyHacoM u gp.), KoTopaa npu 6onee mupoKoM pa3-butuu Morna noBnuaTb Ha pe3ynbTaTW uccnegoBaHua no gaHHoMy Bonpocy, mto k co»aneHuro He 6wno cgenaHo. 21 Cp. ceMeMW nTm. jumis: „gBoM^aTKa, T.e. gBa cpocmuxca npegMeTa (gBa Konoca, opexa), gBoMHoM; 6o»ecTBo 6naronony^Horo ypo»aa; 6or nona, Haxoga^MÖca b pogcTBe c repMaHcKUM cTapuKoM ypo»aa - xne6HWM My»UKoM u gp." (ME II 117 g.). 9Hg3enuH (ME II 118) He cBa3WBaeT npoucxo»geHue ^TUx 3Ha^eHUM c gp.UHg. yamäh „gBoMHoM; pogcTBeHHWM; 6nu3He^ 6or cMepTU u npaBocygua", c.upn. emuin „6nu3He^i" (e^e cm. Mayrhofer III 8). B nuToBcKoM Mu^onoruu 6or nepKyHac, co BpeMeHeM KynbT KoToporo 3aMeHun noquTaHue ConH^ [pe^-neKcuu TaKoM nepeMeHW goBonbHo MHoro^ucneHHW b PurBege - 3gecb MHgpa (6or MonHUM u rpoMa) 3aHU-MaeT MecTo Cypbu (6ora conH^a) (RV X 43,5; I 175,4; IV 30,4 - cm. CM 507)]. nepKyHaca ^acTo npegcTaB-nanu egy^UM Ha noBo3Ke, 3anpa»eHHoM gByMa nomagbMU (Laurinkiene 1996, 93). O noBo3Ke, 3anpa»eHHoM gByMa nomagbMU, ynoMUHaeTca u b npegaHuax nuToB^B, oco6eHHo b paccKa3e o Bo3HUKHoBeHUu co3Be3gua EonbmoM MegBegu^w (Ursa Maior) (cm. JBR II 136). B PurBege TaK»e ynoMUHaeTca, mto cBage6Hyro noBo3Ky Cypbu (go^epu ConH^a) u Comw (6ora nyHw) Ta^aT gBa 6wKa (cp. raMKpenug3e, MBaHoB 1984, 576). ho - cm. Gimbutienè 1994, 44, 46, [ocoóeHHo] 47], 03HaHaro^Me conH^ (cm. 21 CHOCKy), T.e. ^MKn gHa - ero Habano m K0He^ [paccBeT m 3aKaT] -, ocoóeHHo Ba«HHH gna pocTa m nocneBaHMa ypo:«aa, cp. MHoroHMcneHHbie cBMgeTenbcTBa Ha TeMy nowraHMA Coah^ npyccaMM m amtob^mm b nucbMeHHbix naMaTHMKax (neTpa M3 flycóypra (Peter von Dusburg) - BRMŠ I 333, E. C. nuKKonoMMHM (Piccolomini) - BRMŠ I 591, npeTopua (oh ccbinaeTca Ha goroBop 1249 r.) - MP III 175; npaBga, k TaKon MH^opMa^MM BecbMa cKenTMHecKM oTHocunca Banuc (JBR II 56), yTBep^gaBmun, hto ^T0 KanbKa CTaporo 3a-BeTa). BnuaHue conH^ ocoóeHHo nognëpKMBanocb gna ^MKna pocTa 3naK0Bbix (Grunau 1876, 89; cp. Miltakis op.cit. 92), cp. npMMep M3 naTBMncKoro ^onbKnopa: [ganHbi] kur tu brauci, rudzu jumi, seši beri kumelini? 28544, T.e. „Kyga Tbi cKanemb, p^aHon Mmmc, mecTb raegbix KOHen?". O tom, hto nomagu nacTo cpaBHMBaroTca c conH^M m ga^e aBnaroTca 300M0p^HbiM ero cmmboaom, gaBHo M3Becrao, cp. conocraBneHue gpeBHMx MHgun^B Muàpa ecmb kohu (BpuxagapaHbaKa-ynaHumaga II 5.19 - cm. MBaHOB 1989, 81). B3aMMocBH3b MMuca m ConH^ mo^ho oóocHOBbiBaTb m noKanM3a^MeM óo^ecTBa c tohkm 3peHua ero ypaHMcTMHecKoro nono:«eHMa, T.e. oho nacTo HaxogMTca Ha xonMe, Ha KpoBne goMa. B ^T0M npoaBnaeTca ero cBa3b c HeóecHbiMM cBeTunaMM, cp. [ganHbi] mieža jumis nuokliedzas, kalnina stavedams; ieraudzlja auzu jumi zem pajumta llguojuot 28551, T.e. „^HMeHHHH Mmmc BocKnMKHyn, cToa Ha xonMe; yBugen oBcaHoro MMuca, Kanaro^eroca Ha KpoBne goMa" [o cbh3m c conapHbiM KynbTOM roBopuT m oópag Kana-HMA Ha Kanenax bo BpeMa npa3gHMKa conH^cToaHMA ^uro (Lïgo)] (e^ë cm. MBaHOB, TonopoB op.cit. 153). CpaBHMBaHue MMuca c ypo^aeM He Mo^eT cny^uTb npuHUHoM ero oTo^gecT-BneHua c XToHMHecKMM óo^ecTBoM22 - ^T0My npoTMBopenaT He TonbKo y^e oTMeneH-HHe cooTBeTcTBua c KynbTOM ypaHucTunecKoro óora, cooTBeTcTBeHHo u conapHon o6-pagoBOH TpagH^HH, ho m pacnpocTpaHëHHbie oóbiHau ME HapogoB [ocoóeHHo gpeBHux MHgM^eB], cBa3aHHHe c nowraHMeM ConH^ KaK noKpoBMTena ypo^aa [u He TonbKo 3naK0Bbix] m npegcTaBneHua ero b cooópa3Hon 300M0p^H0H unocTacu [T.e. b oónu-Ke KoHa], cp. cuMBonuHecKyro cBa3b Mëga u Cypbu [óora conH^]: madhuvahano ratho açvinos „noBo3Ka AmBUHoB, Be3y^aa Mëg [= ConH^ ^ Cypbro]" (RV I 157, 3a). C gpy-ron cTopoHb, TaKyro goragKy nogTBep^gaeT u noKanM3a^Ma óo^ecTBa ypo^aa: neTOM 22 flenaTb TaKon BbiBog mü^hü, ocHOBbiBaacb Ha cMbicnoBOM oópa3e 300M0p^H0ro cuMBona ConH^ KoHa, KaK Bonno^aro^ero ^yH^uu óo^ecTBa aHTaroHucTu^ecKoro nog3eMHoMy: kohm BugaT gymu yconmux m 3nbix gyxoB, n03T0My u ^wpKaroT; ronoBa nomagu oxpaHaeT ycagbóy ot BnuaHua 3nbix gyxoB u Bopo^óbi (JBR II 133); KoHb MacneHu^Hbin nporoHaeT 3MMy u T.n. (cm. JBR II 159). Bce stm ^yH^uu co3By^Hbi c geaTenbHocTbro ypaHucTu^ecKoro óo^ecTBa nepKyHaca [oh noBMT óecoB, ux yHu^To^aeT; ocBoóo^gaeT 3eMnro ot 3eMHoro cKoBbiBaHua u T.n.], co BpeMeHeM 3aHaBmero MecTo ConH^a b naHTeoHe óanTuñcKux óoroB (cm. 21 cHocKy), cp. oópag nMT0B^eB, npoBoguBmunca bo BpeMa npa3gHMKa cb. reoprua (23 anpena) [noxo^uM oópag nog Ha3BaHueM „npa3gHMKa 3enëHoro reoprua" M3BecTeH u y cnaBaH]: bo BpeMa pacnyc-KaHua nepBHx nogeK u pac^BeTaHMa nepBbix co^BeTMM no Be^epaM (nocne 3aKaTa co^H^a) peóëH0K no MMeHu TeopruM, poguBmunca b geHb cb. reoprua, c^uTaBmuMca gapoM óo^bMM, Bogunca ronbiM BoKpyr caga (JBR II 149), T.e. b stom ^po^ecce mü^hü ycMaTpuBaTb conocTaBneHue peóëHKa c coah^m [oh BoguT-ca no cagy Hombro gaów M3rHaTb c tom TeppuTopuu 3nwx gyxoB, Bpega^ux óygy^eMy ypo^aro ^pyKTOBWx gepeBbeB (!)], KaK ero nogone^Horo, HagenëHHoro aHTaroHMcTMMecKMMM cunaMu no oTHomeHuro k xtohm-MecKMM óo^ecTBaM. CooTHeceHue KoHa c gbaBonoM [cp. ^acToe npeBpa^eHue óecoB b 3to ®uB0TH0e, cKaKaHue Ha HëM u T.n. (cp. Vèlius 1983, 95 g.; 1987, 43)], HaBepHoe, gon^Ho ucTonKOBbiBaTbca KaK MHH0Ba^Ma, cBa3aHHaa c y^e-HueM xpucTuaH - b xneBy, b KOTopoM pogunca Mucyc XpucToc, He 6wno nomagu, T.e. sto ®uB0TH0e He npumno no3gpaBMTb poguBmeroca óora. n03T0My He cTouTb apxau3upoBaTb stot motmb m yTBep^gaTb, MTo nomagb - ®uB0TH0e gbaBona (cp. JBR II 340). oho ®UBeT b none, 3umom - b xpaHunu^e 3epHa (b KneTu), cp. [gaMHH] jumttis bedza runina, nuo runinas gubina, nuo gubinas kletina, nuo kletinas apcirknt 28531, T.e. „Mmu-tuc npaHeTca b (p®aHOM) cHone, nocne b KonHe, nocne b 3aKpoMe". noaToMy cBA3b roMuca co cHonoM, cp. nTm. jumi sanemt „c^aTb nocnegHUM cHon, Tepe6uTb nbHAHOM TroK" (ME II 117), Mo^eT 6HTb BTopuHHon u3-3a ycraHOBneHua „reHeTUHecKoft" cbh-3u Me^gy 6o®ecTBOM u ypo®aeM, KOTopaa To®e He ABnaeTCfl nepBUHHOM, nocKonbKy roMuc Mo^eT 6HTb o6,MCHfleM u KaK p®aHOM cHon, u KaK o6MononeHHoe 3epHo [3epHa a He cHonH xpaHATca b KneTax u b aM6apax (!)]. 3HaHuT, mo®ho cgenaTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono^eHue o tom, hto naTHmu stum TeoHuMOM Mornu o6o3HaHuTb oguH u3 aT-pu6yTOB conH^ - gByx KOHeft, Be3y^ux ero KonecHU^ no He6ecHOMy cBogy, a ohm b ganbHeftmeM BocnpuHuManucb KaK caMo conH^. ,HoKanu3a^fl ^Muca nog cepHM KaMHeM [3hmoh], cp. [gaMHH] zam peleka akmintin BW 28543 (cp. Smitas 2004, 59), mo-®eT uHTepnpeTupoBaTbca KaK flCHeftmaa annro3UA Ha rnaBHHM mh^ ME HapogoB o6 ygep^uBaeMOM b 3aKnroHeHuu noxu^eHHOM ConH^ [cp. 6oruHA gpeBHux UHguft^B yTpeHHeft 3apu (uHorga u conH^) Ymac ®UBeT b KaMeHHon KpenocTU (RV II 23,2), cooTBeTcTBeHHo b CKane unu KaMHe; e^e cp. mh^ o noeguHKe MHgpH c BpuTpoft pagu ocBo6o®geHUfl KopoB [= ConH^] u3 oxpaHfleMoft BpuTpoft HopH (no gpyroft Bepcuu, u3 ero ^uBOTa) (RV I 32 T.g.)], a He Ha MecTo ^epTBonpuHomeHua npycc. Curche (T.e. KaMeHb b roKKepnaHge), KaK yTBep®gaeT TonopoB (1984, 314), KOTopoe no Bceft bu-guMocTu ABnaeTCfl BHgyMKOM rpyHay. K co®aneHuro, KaK y®e ynoMUHanocb, TonopoB cnumKOM nonaranca Ha gaHHHe, npuBoguMHe rpyHay u npeTopueM. MecTo npe6biBaHMfl MMuca nog gepHOM, cp. [gaMHH] lauka braucu ziemu mist apaks zala velenina BW 28544, T.e. „ugy Ha none 3UMy nepe^gaTb nog 3eneHOM gepHU-hom" [uMeeTca b Bugy nog3eMHHM Mup], onaTb-TaKu Henb3a o6,MCHflTb ccHnaacb Ha BO3Mo^Hyro cBa3b SToro 6ora c xTOHUHecKUM 6o®ecTBOM, a c oTgHxoM conH^ u He-corpeBaHueM 3eMnu b 3UMHee BpeMa [cp. iutobckum mm^ o 3aMep3meft 6aHe ConH^ (Velius 1983, 80)], T.e. c MupoBO33peHueM 6anTOB o npuHUHax nepeMeH BpeMeH roga, cp. [gaMHH] ej, jumtti, nu uz lauku, garu ziemu izgulejis; saci jaunu vasarinu, svett musu labtbinu BW 28524, t.y. „ugu, Mmmtmc, gonryro 3UMy npone^aBmuft, ceMHac Ha nona; HaHHu nopy BecHH, 6narocnoBu Ham ypo^aft". OnaTb ®e, b stom npuMepe mo®ho yc-MOTpeTb annro3uro Ha 3oomop^hhm cuMBon ConH^ - kohh, 3HaHUMocTb KOToporo oco6eHHo npoflBnaeTca b BeceHHux o6pagax iutob^b u pyccKux: bo BpeMa npa3gHUKa cb. reoprua (HaHano BecHH) oco6oe BHUMaHue ygenanocb uMeHHo nomagaM (JBR II 67, 148), nocKonbKy b sto BpeMa „cb. Teopruft [= nepKyHac ^ ConH^ - P.K.] cKaHeT Ha cubom KOHe" (JBR II 130). MHTepecHo, hto b stot geHb b npueKyne kohu BnepBHe nocne 3MMHero BpeMeHU BHroHanucb b none (Bezzenberger 1882, 80). OHeHb noxo^uft o6pag ucnonHanca u Ha pyccKux 3eMnax (cp. JBR II 130 g.). npu aHanu3e naTBUMCKoro ^onbKnopHoro MaTepuana BbiacHunocb, hto MeHbmaa Ba^HocTb oTBoguTca noKanu3a^u 6o®ecTBa, HeM ero BnuaHuro Ha pocT u bo3huk-HOBeHue 3epHOBHx Boo6^e, cp. [gaMHH] kas pieseja beru zirgu pie balina klets durvim? jumja mate piesejuse, seklas dztna kletina BW 28538, T.e. „kto npuBA3an rHegoro kohh k gBepaM KneTu Munoro? MaTb ^Muca npuBA3ana, 3epHo b KneTb cHneT" [= kto BbigaeT 3aMy^ yTpeHHroro 3apro 3a Mec^a? - ConH^!23 - oho po^gaeT 3epHo, cp. mu^ gpeB- 23 CBa3b Me^gy CoIH^eM u Wmucom He TaK y® cio^ho ycTaHOBUTb, nocKonbKy ocHOBHBaacb Ha noBepbax boctohh^ix 6anTOB, ^yHK^uu Be^eTa^uoHHOM cuih u ®U3Hecnoco6HocTU HanpaMyro cBa3aHH c cootho-cmmom geaTenbHocTbro cb. Teoprua, T.e. nepKyHaca (cp. JBR II 148), a ero cBa3b c CoIH^eM He BH3HBaeT HMX MHgUM^B O CBagb6e CypbM M C O Mb (RV X 85)]. ^T0T MM^O.OrMHecKMM MO TUB OHeHb apxauHeH. Oh MMeeT o6^ue HepTbi c 06pag0B0M TpagM^MeM gpeBHux rpeKOB u MHgMM^B, KOTOpbie MeCfl^ COnOCTaBnfl.M c xO.OgHOM ^Hep^MeM M COOTBeTCTBeHHO c Bogon, a Co.H^ [^ yTpeHHHH 3apa] - c Ten.OM, T.e. TaK ycTaHaB.MBa.acb 3aKOHOMep-HOcTb pOcTa 3epHOBHX [O BOga + Ten.o]. ^T0T ^MK^ cBH3aH M c MM^OM ME HapogoB o npo^MBaHMM noxu^eHHOM goHepu 3eM.u [KOTopaa, B caMOM ge.e, flBnaeTca ypaHuc-TMHecKUM 6o^ecTBOM, BMguMO, yTpeHHHH 3apa ^ Co.H^] B nog3eMHOM ^pcree (cp. mh^ gp. rpeKOB o üepce^OHe) - Becb ^TOT MM^onoruHecKUM n.acT cBH3aH c ^opMM-poBaHMeM 0^^03M^MM co.apHoro m .yHapHoro Ky.bTOB [cp. ogHy U3 pe^.eKcuM ^T0^0 HaugpeBHeömero npo^cca: 3eBc „gHeBHOM cBeT" ^ 3eBc-3Mea „3eBc npeucnogHeö" (nauaavtou npi^Yr|mc; t^; 'EXXaSo; II (KopivGiaKa) 2,8; 'Haiööou'Epya Kai 'H^épai 465; 'O^pou 'IXiaSo; IX 457), ho ^T0 - Bonpoc y«e gpyrux pa6oT], npegHa3HaHeHHHM g.H o6'bflcHeHMfl BO3HMKHOBeHMH acTpOHOMMHecKMx HB.eHMM. Ü^TOMy MO^HO BbigBMHyTb npegno.o^eHue o tom, hto umh 6o^ecTBa „gBOM-hom", T.e. Mmmc, B03HMK.0 Ha ocHOBaHMM cmmbo.mkm m ^yH^MM 6ora, cooTBeTcTBeH-Ho oh go.^eH TpaKTOBaTbca KaK ^^MTeT, cp. o6pa3 ynpa^KM Co.H^ c gByMH .omagb-MM [Ba^HocTb napHOM cMMBO.MKM npu aHa.M3e co.apHoro Ky.bTa OTMeneHa Be.KcoM (cm. Vèlius 1977, 174)], cMMBonM3upyro^MM 3apro m 3aKaT (cp. RV IV 52,1) m ga^e caMO Co.H^ (cp. RV X 127,3); ^yH^MK po:«geHMfl ypo^aa. TaK hto He TaK y^ m npoc-To TO.KOBaHMe gaHHoro TeoHMMa, xoth MHyK TOHKy 3peHMH BbicKa3a. üeTepc Mmmtc (Šmitas 2004, 120). OcHOBHBaacb Ha ^T0M KpaTKOM aHa.M3e, mo^ho yTBep^gaTb, hto cpaBHeHMe npycc. Curche m .aT. Jumis HB.HeTca HeygaHHbiM ^to nogTBep^gaeTca m ganbHeömuM onucaHueM ^TMM0^0mM npycc. Curche - cm. ga.bme], nocKonbKy He coBnagaKT 300-MOp^HHe cUMBO.H gaHHHX 6o^ecTB: .Tm. Jumis MO^eT 6bITb cOOTHOcMMO c KOHëM [cuMBO.OM Co.H^], a npycc. Curche - c 6mkom (!) [cmmbo.om .HyHbi] (cm. ga.bme). npuHMMaH bo BHMMaHue runoTe3y ByaKa [cm. 19 cHocKy], TonopoB (1984, 317 T.g.) cHMTaeT bo3mo«hhm npuHucnuTb K ^yH^UHM npycc. Curche u HeraTMBHoe BO3-gencTBue Ha KaHecTBO ypo^aa 3epHOBHx, T.e. oh Mor npegpemaTb n.oxon ypo^aö, cp. .aT. kurkt „coxHyTb" [cm. nogpa3ge. Onucb zpafiunecKoü cmpyKmypu uuenu ôowecmBa. ^muMono^u^ecKuü ananu3 meonuua]. Pe3KMupya gaHHHe 06 ynoMUHaHMU npycc. Curche b nucbMeHHHx ucTOHHMKax u nyTM ero ucTO.KOBaHMH, Heo6xoguMO nogHepKHyTb, hto nog.MHHHx cBegeHMM 06 ^T0M 6o^ecTBe, KpoMe XpucT6yprcKoro goroBopa ot 1249 r. m ^mhckmx 3aHMCTBOBaHHH (o Hux cm. ga.bme), HeT. OHeBugHO, hto MHTep^peTa^MM ero ^yH^uft m Ky.bTa b Tpygax rpyHay, üpeTopuH m gp. aBTopoB hb.hktch pe3y.bTaTOM ux B006pa^eHMH. Ü^TOMy Hy^HO cor.acuTbcH c MaHHxapgTOM, hto eguHcTBeHHO ^hhhm mctohhmkom gaHHbix no ^T0My Bonpocy HB.HeTcH OTpbBOK ynoMHHyToro goroBopa opgeHa, KOTopHM c.egy-eT nepeBoguTb c oco6on T0HH0cTbK. coMHeHMM (cp. 21, 22 chockm), cp. oco6oe 3HaHeHue OTBoguMoe co..H^y bo BpeMH npa3gHMKa cb. reopruH (JBR II 149). Onucb ^pa$u^ecKoü cmpyKmypu UMeHU ôoMecmea. ^muMono^u^ecKUü aHanu3 meoHUMa HanuHaa aHanM3 Mop^onoruu u ceMaHTMKM TeoHuMa, npexge Bcero Heo6xoguMo npoH3BecTM onucb nucbMeHHHX mctohhmkob no rpa^unecKoM cTpyKType MMeHu 60-xecTBa, ga6hi u36exaTb BcaKux coMHeHUM HacnëT ^opManbHoö cTpyKTyphi cnoBa, oco-6eHHo BaxHoM gna peKoHcTpy^uu npoucxoxgeHua MMeHu 6oxecTBa: I. HananbHMM comacHhiM: 1) C-: C-urche (goroBop opgeHa 1249 r. - CDW 32), C-urcho (rpyHay - BRMŠ II 76; BpeTKyHac - BRMŠ II 309; Î>peH^nuyc; Kpoö^p); 2) G-24: G-urcho (ryaHbUHM - BRMŠ II 472, 480; Op6uHu; Ctphmkobckum - BRMŠ II 510), G-orcho (XeHHeH6eprep - BRMŠ II 335; MucneHTa - BRMŠ III 27 g.; HeTTenbxopcr -BRMŠ III 72); Gurcho, Gurklies, Gurklio [no gaHHhiM BpeTKyHaca] (üpeTopuß - BRMŠ III 137 T.g., 147, 197); 3) C- // G-: C-urcho//G-urko, G-orko, G-orcko (Knaruyc - BRMŠ III 53); C-urcho//G-orcho (KHayTe); II. Bugou3MeHeHue KopHeBoro -ur- ^ -or-: C-ur-cho, G-ur-cko//G-or-ko, G-or-cko (Knaruyc - BRMŠ III 53); C-ur-cho//G-or-cho (KHayTe) III. cyfofouKcanua: Gur-ch-o//Gur-kl-ies, Gur-kl-io (üpeTopuß [no gaHHHM BpeTKyHaca]25 - BRMŠ III 138); IV. foneKcua: 1) -e: Curch-e (goroBop opgeHa 1249 r. - CDW 32); 2) -o: Curch-o (rpyHay u gp.), Gurk-o, Gork-o, Gorck-o (Knaruroc - BRMŠ III 53). Pe3K>Mupya, mokho npegnonoxuTb cnegyro^yro onepëgHocTb u3MeHeHua rpa^u-HecKoö cTpyKTypH cnoBa: I. Curche ^ II. Curcho ■ III. [nepepa6oTKa II Tuna] Gur(c)ko // Gorcho // Gorko ■ IV. [II + III] Gurcho ■ V. [MHH0Ba^M0HHHM//^ceBg0^TMM0^0^MHec-kum] Gurklies, Gurklio. üoaToMy ochobhom ^opMoö gna ganbHeömero aHanu3a gonxeH cnuTaTbca TeoHuM c HananbHhiM C/K/-: Curche /Kurke/. flo cero BpeMeHu HacnuTHBaeTca okoho gecaTKa nonHToK o6^acHuTb stumoho-ruro cnoBa, ho hu ogHa He aBHaeTca npueMneMoö, TaK KaK Bce ohu ocHoBaHH He Ha o6^eKTuBHHX ^aKTax uhu nuHrBucTunecKux 3aK0H0MepH0cTax, ho Ha xenaHuu aBTopa nogTBepguTb cbok> runoTe3y peK0HcTpyupyeMoro KyHbTa u ^yH^uö 6oxecTBa. Ha^e Bcero goragKu no npoucxoxgeHuro TeoHuMa ocHoBHBaroTca He Ha geTanbH0M aHanu3e cH0Ba - He roBopa yxe o nceBgosTuMonorunecKux u3hicKaHuax, ucnoHb3ya apryMeHT ^0HeTunecK0M omohumuu: Kurche = ? Kurikas (cp. Pakarklis 1948, 240) -, ho Ha a priori yKopeHuBmeMca nonoxeHuu, mto 6or Curche aBHaeTca 6oxecTB0M ypoxaa u noKpoBu-TeneM 3epH0Bhix - yxe ynoMuHanocb, mto sto cBa3aH0 c npo6neMoö nepeBoga oTphB-Ka XpucT6yprcKoro goroBopa. TaKoro MHeHua npugepxuBaroTca Bce uccnegoBaTenu, xoTa 6h ^parMeHTapHo ynoMaHyBmue uMa 6ora (cp. LE XIII 394; TonopoB 1998, 169; Toporov 2000, 260; PEŽ II 307 u gp.). 24 3aMeHy C- Ha G- He;ib3a oÖMCHaTb KaKuM-Hu6o rpa^u^ecKuM 3aK0H0M TpaHc^opMa^MM, nocKoHbKy gaB-ho u3BecTHo, mto b nucbMeHHhix naMaTHuKax npyccKoro a3HKa u goKyMeHTax opgeHa KpecT0H0c^B XII-XV BB. no ^T0M npu^uHe MacTo nyTaroT c c t u u c n (cm. Mažiulis 1994, 58), ho He c c g. no ^T0M npu^uHe 3anucb ryaHbuHu TeoHuMa c HaqaflbHhiM G- MoxeT 6hiTb o6tacHaeMa KaK cflyqafiHhm lapsus calami uhu 06ycH0BHeHa xeHaHueM cpaBHuTb ero c KaKuM-Hu6ygb chobom npyccKoro a3HKa (cp. nonHTKy npeTopua BHBecTu napaHHeHu Mexgy gaHHHM Te0HuM0M u npycc. gurcle „ropHo"). 25 3gecb ^MTMpyeTca noHoxeHue npeTopua o tom, mto oh n0Hb30BaHca nponoBegaMu u gp. TpygaMu BpeTKyHaca, b K0T0phix aKo6hi 6hifla 3anucaHa yKa3aHHaa ^opMa, T.e. He yTBepxgaeTca, mto TaKoe uMa 6oxecTBa ynoTpe6nan caM BpeTKyHac - npu onucu 6ora oh ucn0Hb30BaH TeoHuM Curcho (cp. BRMŠ II 309). OguH M3 nepBbix o npoucxo»geHUu TeoHUMa npycc. Curche CBoe MHeHue BbiCKa-3an npeTopun. CBoro Teopuro oh ocHOBbiBaeT Ha OMOHUMUHecKOM 3ByHaHUu omu6oHHo yn0Tpe6neHH0M ryaHbUHU ^opMbi Gurcho u npycc. gurkle „ropno HenoBeKa": „Gurcho hat den Nahmen von Gurkle" (MP III 252; e^e cm. TonopoB 1984, 311). Oh TaK»e cbh-3HBaeT KopeHb UMeHU 6ora c rnaronaMU gert, gyrt „nuTb" (cp. MP I 644; III 253), T.e. peKOHCTpyupyeT np0T0ceMeMy „6or nu^u" (MP III 255). TaKue paccy»geHUH, caMO co6oß pa3yMeeTCH, HBnaroTCH npuMepoM HapogHoß ^TUMono^uu, nocKonbKy He coot-BeTCTByroT Mop^onoruHecKoß CTpyKType gaHHbix ^opM. A. BproKHep o6cy»gaeMoe umh 6o»ecTBa conocTaBnan c cn. krnčbji „Ky3He^' u peK0HCTpyup0Ban np0T0ceMeMy *„C03gaTenb Mupa" (cp. Büga II 79; TonopoB 1984, 314). ByaK [cm. 19 CHOCKy] BbigBUHyn runoTe3y o bo3mo»hom cbh3u UMeHU 6ora c Ha3BaHueM »yKa, cp. nuT. kurklys „wilk zbozowy; Gryllotalpidae", T.e. peKOHCTpyupyer np0T0ceMeMy „60»ecTB0, Bpega^ee 3naK0BbiM". A. Me»UHCKUM (Mierzynski 1892, 94 T.g.) u MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt 1904, 213 T.g.) npycc. Curche *„nocnegHuß CHon 3naK0Bbix" ^ *„6or »U3HeHH0ß cunbi" cootho-cunu c npycc. kur-t, nuT. kurti „bauen, schaffen", K0T0pbie hko6h 6binu ochobom gna 06pa30BaHUH cy^UKcanbHOM npou3BogHoß ^opMbi npycc.-nuT. kur-ka-s „C03gaTenb". OneBugHO, hto TaKue paccy»geHUH HBnaroTCH nro6uTenbCKUMU, He Hy»garo^uucH b KaK0M-nu60 aHanu3e, nocKonbKy gaHHbie cnoBa OTcyrcTByroT He T0nbK0 b nuTOBCKOM, ho u b npyccKOM neKCUKOHe. MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt 1936, 46 T.g.) umh 6ora TaK»e CBH3biBan u c bo3mo»-hhmu neKCUHecKUMU ^KBUBaneHTaMU b cnaBHHCKux H3biKax - Ha3BaHUHMU Kypu^i u neTyxa (cn. kokot, kokoszka). CBoro runoTe3y oh 060CH0Ban gaHHbiMu o6pagoBon Tpagu^uu repMaHCKux u CnaBHHCKux HapogoB, K0T0pbie, no cnoBaM aBTopa paccy»-geHUH, noHMTanu gyx nnogopogua b o6pa3e ynoMHHyTbix nru^ BonKa, MegBega u gp. (cp. BRMŠ I 237). Oh ynoMUHaeT u OHeHb UHTepecHbiß o6biHaß repMaHU3upoBaHHbix npyccoB u nrogeß cnaBHHCKoß Ha^U0HanbH0CTU [npo»UBaBmux b naMHge] genaTb ugon 6o»ecTBa nnogopogua U3 nocnegHero CHona 3naK0Bbix, conoMbi unu gepeBa: „<...> heisst Hahn, Aarhenne, slav. kokot, kokoszka, der Getreidedämon, der in der letzten Garbe gefangen und dessen, aus Stroh oder Holz verfertigtes Abbild beim Ernteschluss jubelnd heimgebracht wird" (Mannhardt op.cit. 47). B ^T0M paccKa3e 0C06eHH0 Ba»H0 nogHepKHyrb BbigeneHue cnoco6a U3r0T0Bne-huh ugona 6ora, o6ycnoBnuBaro^ero He noHUTaHue nocnegHero CHona 3naK0Bbix KaK TaKOBoro, ho 6o»ecTBa aHTponoMop^Horo o6nuKa: „Zuweilen - wenngleich in diesem Falle selten - verbleibt der Name Hahn oder Henne auch dann, wenn die den Korngeist darstellende Figur Menschengestalt trägt" (Mannhardt ibd.), cp. ero 3aMeHaHue 06 o6h-Hae »UTeneß naMHge [npaBga, He hcho, KaKyro HapogHOCTb MaHHxapgT UMeeT b Bugy - nonHKOB, UMeHHO Ha TaKyro Mbicnb HaTanKUBaeT ynoMUHaHue Bbime yKa3aHHbix nonbCKux cooTBeTCTBuß npycc. Curche, unu repMaHU3upoBaHHbix npyccoB] u3totob-nHTb ugon 6ora, Hapa»aa ero b nrogcKue oge»gbi: „Der Zusammenhang der auf Curche bezüglichen Ausdrücke in der Vertragsurkunde würde jedoch noch besser auf diejenige Form der Erntesitten zutreffen, welche heutzutage im Gebiete des alten Pomesaniens die gewöhnlichste ist, wonach das in Menschengestalt aus den Ähren der letzten Garbe geformte, oft mit vollständigem Anzug bekleidete, Bild des Getreidedämons den Namen der Alte, poln. stary führt". no MHeHuro MaHHxapgTa (ibd.), cooTBeTCTBua SToMy o6pagy mo»ho HaÖTM m b KynbToBoö Tpaguuuu repMaHCKux HapogoB: „Kurche = Kurtje könnte demnach in auszeichnendem Sinne von der letzten Garbe in derselben Weise gebraucht sein, wie in Deutschland Ausgarbe, Schnittergarbe, „de eren" (die Ernte), in Dänemark Avreneeg = Agerneg, für das letzte Erntegebund, zuweilen auch für die daraus gefertigte Puppe verwandt wird". no SToMy npycc. Curche gon»Ho BocnpuHMMaTbca KaK 6o»ecTBo 3epHa. ^Ta runoTe3a MaHHxapgTa MMena npogon»eHue b Tpygax flyHgynueHe, Tonopo-Ba, Ma»ronuca (cm. Bbime). K co»aneHuro, npu TaKoM ToHKe 3peHua He npuHMMaeTca bo BHMMaHue Bo3Mo»Hoe cy6cTpaTHoe BnuaHue KonoHMCToB Ha KynbrypHyro »M3Hb npyccoB [T.e. Bo3Mo»Ha KynbTypHaa MHHoBauua He 6anTuöcKoro npoucxo»geHua]. Ta-Koe npegnono»eHue o6ycnoBneHo conocTaBneHueM [ocHoBaHHoM Ha MeToge ^oHeTM-HecKoö omohmmmm no npuHuunaM HapogHoö STMMonoruu] uMeHM 6o»ecTBa m aKo6bi reHeTMHecKM 6nu3Kux neKceM cnaBaHCKux a3biKoB m o6pagoBoö Tpaguuuu boctohho-6anTMMCKux HapogoB, KoTopbie c KynbToM npycc. Curche MoryT m He MMeTb HMHero o6-^ero (cm. ganbme). K. Byra (Büga I 448; II 79; III 810) ycMaTpuBaeT pogcTBo gaHHoro TeoHMMa co cn. krnčb „KycT", 6np. Kopn „t.».", non. karcz „KycT, neHb". B. TonopoB (1984, 316), oTHacTM pa3genaa MHeHue Byru, nbiTaeTca HaMTM He-CKonbKo gpyroö nyTb o6,bacHeHMa Bo3HMKHoBeHua MMeHu 6ora m cpaBHMBaeT npycc. Curche c nuT. kurkti „(c)BanaTb [b narymaHbro MKpy]", nTm. kurkt „(Bbi)coxHyTb" (ME II 322 g.), nuT. kurkulas „narymaHba MKpa (eg. Hucn.)" m y»e ynoMaHyToe cn. krnčb „KycT" m gp. - peKoHCTpyupyeTca npoToceMeMa „CKpyHeHHocrb, B3^epomeHHocTb m T.n.". HoBeömee uccnegoBaHue b stom o6nacru npuHagne»MT nepy B. Ma»ronuca, ko-Topoe no CBoeö cyTM HMHeM He oTnuHaeTca ot paHee ony6nuKoBaHHoro TonopoBbiM. TaK hto geTanbHbiM aHanu3 STMMonoruu o6cy»gaeMoro 6o»ecTBa cnegyeT HaHaTb MMeHHo c o63opa runoTe3 stmx gByx uccnegoBaTeneö m no tom npocroö npuHMHe, hto ohm aBnaroTca eguHCTBeHHo HayHHbiMM. Ba»Hyro Hacrb pa36opa Ma»ronuca no SToMy Bonpocy 3aHMMaeT ycTaHoBneHue nona 6o»ecTBa, runoTe3y KoToporo aBTop TaK m He cyMen o6ocHoBaTb Hagë»HbiMM m HeonpoBep»MMbiMu apryMeHTaMM. Ma»ronuc (PEŽ II 307 T.g.) npegnonaraeT, hto BnepBbie BcrpeHaro^eeca b nucbMeHHbix ucToHHMKax mma 6ora Curche gon»Ho MHTepnpeTupoBaTbca KaK npycc. *Kurki, T.e. MMa co6ctb. (nomen proprium) nom.sg. fem. *Kurkä „KypKa - MMa 6oruHM ypo»aa m eë ugona (Götzenbild)" (cp. Büga I 449; MP III 717). Oh »e (PEŽ ibd.), ccbinaacb Ha o6biHau nuToBCKux KonoHMCToB, b 19 b. »MBmux b Boctohhoö npyccuM (no gaHHbiM uccnegoBaHua flyHgynueHe - Dundulienè 1982, 345), BecbMa CMeno yTBep»gaeT, hto ugonoM 6o»ecTBa 6bin „nocnegHuö p»aHoö CHon »eH-CKoro o6nuHua" (cp. Büga I 448), „b KoTopoM, y6eraa c MecTa »aTBbi p»u, npaTanocb 6o»ecTBo ypo»aa", T.e. peKoHCTpyupyeTca KynbT öo^ecTBa ^eHCKoro poga. A priori Hy»Ho ynoMaHyTb To, hto TaKue coo6pa»eHua He nogTBep»garoTca hm-KaKMMM gocToBepHMMM ^aKTaMM. rnaBHMM HegocTaTKoM TaKoö runoTe3M aBnaeTca ur-HopupoBaHue MH^opMauuu XpucT6yprcKoro goroBopa (rge HeT hm Maneömero HaMëKa Ha Te BbiBogbi, k kotophm npuxoguT Ma»ronuc). Ma»ronuc (PEŽ II 308) yTBep»gaeT, hto npycc. Curche „KypKà (6oruHa ypo»aa)" <...> - He „6or ypo»aa, deus", a „6oruHa ypo»aa, dea". DiaBHbiM apryMeHToM TaKoö npegnocbinKM, no ero yTBep»geHuro, aBnaroTca ^HHCKue 3aMMCTBOBaHMa - ^mh. kurko „3noö gyx, gbaBon, npuBegeHbe". Cpa3y Heo6xoguMo oTMeTMTb, hto aBTop stoö runo- Te3bl OcHOBblBaeTca Ha OmHÔOHHOH M TOHbKO eMy nOHaTHOM MHTep^peTa^MM 3aKOHOB ^OHeTMHecKOM TpaHC^O3M^MM M agam^MM 6aHTM3MOB B ^MHCKMX a3bIKax npMÖanTM-KM (cm. PEŽ ibd.), T.e. npugep:«MBaacb TaKOM Teopuu, BcaKMM ^neKTUBHbiö -o 3auMc-TBOBaHHHX cnoB gon:«eH ucTOHKOBbiBaTbca KaK npu3HaK cy6cTpaTHoro 6aHT. *-ä. no Tom ^e caMOM npunuHe gon^eH peKOHcrpyupoBaTbca TeoHMM 3an.6anT. *Kurkä „KypKà (6oruHa nnoxoro ypo:«aa)". TaKoe nono:«eHMe omu6oHHo, nocKonbKy He goKa3yeMo nMHrBMcTMHecKM [He roBopa y«e o nonHOM oTcyTCTBMU MM^onorunecKoro aHanM3a] - ^neKTUBHbiö ^opMaHT -o b a3biKax npu6anTMMCKMX ^mhhob pe^neKTupyeT He TonbKo 6anT. *-ä (g.fem.), ho m 6anT. *-as (g.masc.), cp. ^mh. havo, havu „xBoÖHoe gepeBo, (ero) BeTBb; nadelholzzweig, baumnadel" ~ nuT. žabas „npyT, XBopocTMHKa" (g. masc.); ^mh. kouko „cMepTb" ~ nuT. kaükas „goMOBOM; gyma yMepmero HeKpe^eHoro pe6ëHKa; gbaBon" (g. masc.); ^mh. kuuro „rnyxoö" ~ nTm. kuorns „t.ä." (g. masc.); ^mh. lahto „cunoK; neTna, npuBa3biBae-Maa Ha Bepxy gepeBa gna noMMKU nru^ Dohne, in dem Wipfel eines Baumes aufgestellte Vogelschlinge" ~ nuT. slästai „t.ä." la. slasts, slazds (g. masc.), a MHorga u 6anT. *-as (g.masc.), u 6anT. *-ä (g.fem.) - ^mh. rahna, rahno, rahnu „^enKa, o6homok, 3aHO3a" ~ hmt. rqstas „6peBHo" (cp. Sabaliauskas 1963, 124). OneKTMBHbiM ^opMaHT -o npucyTcTByeT u npu ^opMupoBaHMU ^opM gpyrux oc-HOB My^cKoro poga: (ochobh Ha 1- // iö-) hmt. Ulis, Ulys „camprimulgus europaeus", nTm. Ulis „Nycticorax nycticorax" ^mh. lielo ^ yölielo „camprimulgus; strix funerea" (cp. Sabaliauskas op.cit. 121)26. TaK HTO roBopuTb o KaKOM-To 3aKOHOMepHocTM, Ha KOTopyro ccbinaeTca Ma^ro-nuc, He npuxoguTca - eë He cy^ecTByeT. C cBa3M c ^TMM HeT HMKaKOM Hago6HocTM npycc. Curche oTo^gecTBnaTb c 6o^ecTBOM ^eHcKoro poga. Heo6xoguMo oTMeTMTb, hto, aHanu3upya Mop^onorunecKyro cTpyKTypy gaHHoro TeoHUMa, coBceM He Hy^Ho ycMaTpuBaTb pe^neKcuu ^eHCKoro poga, MMea b Bugy ero ^neKcuro, T.e. -e < *-ä [Ma^ronuc genaeT TaKoe npegnono:«eHMe no ^pMH^M^y àno toü aûto^àtou, ccbinaacb Ha M3bicKaHua Byru (Büga II 138), a tot - Ha runoTe3y ^opTyHa-TOBa (cm. Trautmann 1910, 229), cp. npycc. sarke „copoKa" E 725 < npycc. *sarkä „t.ä." (PEŽ IV 63 g.), npycc. berse „6epë3a" E 600 < 6anT.guan. *berzä „t.ä." (PEŽ I 138), npycc. lipe „nuna" E 601 < 3an.6anT.guan. *llpä „t.ä." (PEŽ III 69), npycc. warne „BopoHa" E 722 < 3an.6anT. *varnä „t.ä." (PEŽ IV 225)], nocKonbKy Hy^Ho npuHaTb bo BHMMaHue oco6eHHocTM nepeganu npyccKMx TeoHMMOB [a He Hapu^TenbHbix cy^ecTBMTenbHbix (!)] b nucbMeHHHx naMaTHMKax kohohmctob. B cBa3M c BHgBMHyTOM runoTe3OM o Ba^HocTM ^neKTMBHoro ^opMaHTa Heo6xo-guMo ycTaHOBMTb ero 3HanuMocTb gna pemeHua Bonpoca o nonoBoö npuHagne^Hoc-TM 6o^ecTBa. To ^e caMoe oKornaHue (T.e. -e) BcrpenaeTca b cTpyKType MMëH MHorux npyccKux 6oroB u :«pe^B My^cKoro poga: npycc. Pecole „6or cMepTM u nog3eMenba" -b Aaeude (cm. 27 cHocKy) (Mannhardt op.cit. 233), npycc. Criwe „cTapeömuHa npyccKoro 26 3gecb HeoöxogMMo ynoMSHyTb tot ^aKT, mto He Bcerga ^¡ieKTMBHbrä ^opMaHT 3aMMcTBoBaHMfi b ^mhc-kmx a3WKax conocTaBUM c nepBM^HOM cyöcTpaTHOM ^opMofi. EwBaroT crcy^au, mto M3MeHeHMS oKOH^a-hms npoucxogu.™ nog BflMSHMeM cynepcTpaTHWx oöcTosTenbCTB, T.e. MHHOBa^MOHHWx npo^ccoB caMMX ^mhckmx s3mkob, cp. ^mh. perho(nen) „öaöo^Ka; Schmetterling", ^¡ieKTMBHbrä -o[-] KoTopbrä K. ^MKKoHeH (Liukkonen 1999, 103) oöbscHseT TeM, mto „Das -o am Wortende von finn. perho vertritt in diesem Fall m. E. keinen baltischen Vokal, sondern ist auf finnischer Seite entstanden". ^penecTBa" (SRP I 53) [BnepBbie mmh ero ynoMHHy. nëTp u3 flyc6ypra] < npycc. *krivls [T.e. cy6cTaHTuB My^cKoro poga Ha iö- 0CH0By] (PEŽ II 281 T.g.). B flmenMCKOû KHuMK6 (nogpo6Hee o Hen cm. BRMŠ II 123 T.g.) npegcTaB.eHH TaKue aHanoruHHHe repMaHU3upoBaHHbie ^.eKTMBHbie cooTBeTCTBUH yKa3aHHHM nomina propria [c repM. -e < npycc. -is, -as]: Peckolli *R J27; Wourschaiti A ^ Wourschaite A, Wourschayti B ^ Wourskayte B ^ Wourskayti B, Wourschayte C, Wurschkaytte F (Mannhardt 1936, 247 T.g.). no.oBaH npuHag.e^HocTb [My^cK0My pogy (!)] o6oux mm-^o.oreM He BH3HBaeT coMHeHUH. nogTBep^geHueM ^T0My hb.hkitch MIIrocTpa^MM gaHHoro MCT0HHMKa Wourschaite - b pyKonucHbix u nenaTHbix ero BapuaHTax H3o6pa^aeTCH My^HHHa, a He ^eH^HHa (cp. Luksaité 1999, 186; Vysniauskaité 1994, 97). OcH0BHBaHCb Ha ^TMx ^aKTax, mo»ho cge.aTb ocTopo^Hoe npegno.o^eHue o cy^ecTB0BaHuu ^opM TeoHMMa Ha -î- unu -iö- ochobh *Kurki(l)s (g.masc.) (o 3aMeHe -ë- u -î- 0CH0B cm. Trautmann 1910, 230), cp. ^.eKTMBHyro peK0HCTpyK^nro nomina propria: npycc. Tule-koyte (Trautmann 1925, 47, 108, 141, 153) ~ npycc. *Päst-kaitis//*Päs-kaitis (Kregždys 2008, 58), npycc. Ackuthe = .ut. Akùtis (^aMunuH u3 ^ennanuHruc 15 b.) (Büga III 386; Trautmann op.cit. 182), npycc. Borssythe < *Barzltîs (nogpo6Hee cm. Kregždys 2006, 164). PeK0HCTpy^uro ^opM TeoHMMa npycc. *Kurki(l)s Ha -î- unu -iö- ochobh moäho apryMeHTupoBaTb Mop^onomnecKon cTpyKTypon ^mh. kurki „3.om gyx, gbHBo., npu-BugeHue, MegBegb, Bomb" u 3aK0H0MepH0CTHMu aga^Ta^MM ^.eKTMBHbix ^0pMaHT0B 3aMMCTB0BaHMn M3 6aITMMCKMx H3HK0B: ^MH. hanhi „rycb" ~ .MT. žqsis, .Tm. zuoss, npycc. sansy E 719 [< (-î- 0CH0Ba) npycc. *zansis „rycb" (PEŽ IV 62)]; ^mh. hirvi „o.eHb, .ocb", ^CT. hirv „Kocy.H" ~ (-î- 0CH0Ba) npycc. sirwis „t.ä." E 653; ^mh. kirvi „^aBopo-hok" ~ (-iö- 0CH0Ba) .Tm. clrulis „t.ä." (g.masc.) u gp. (cp. Sabaliauskas op.cit. 116 T.g.). Bo3mo^ho, HT0 npycc. Curche mo»ho uHTepnpeTupoBaTb u KaK mmh co6cTBeH-Hoe Ha -ö- 0CH0By, cp. npycc. Waydote ~ .mt. Váidotas (cp. Trautmann 1925, 183), cp. noxo^ee cooTBeTCTBue [no ^neKTUBH0My npu3HaKy] c nomina propria npycc. Patulle 161, 125v KA., Patolle Na. 7, 271 Sa. ~ pr. Patol 162, 93v (1407 m.) (Trautmann op.cit. 75). ^Ty runoTe3y mo»ho apryMeHTupoBaTb u y^e paHee ynoMHHyTHMu Mop^onorunec-KMMM M CeMaHTMHeCKMMM C00TBeTCTBMHMM ^MHCKMx H3HK0B npu6anTMKM: ^MH. kurko „3.om gyx, gbHBo., npuBugeHue, MegBegb, Bomb" ~ ^mh. kouko „cMepTb", BbiBoguMbin M3 .MT. kaükas „g0M0B0n; gyma yMepmero HeKpe^eHoro pe6ëHKa; gbHBo.", la. kauks „rH0M; heinzelmännchen", npycc. cawx „gbHBo." E 11 [< npycc. *kaukas (PEŽ II 148 g.)] u gp. (cp. Sabaliauskas op.cit. 119). Bcë-TaKM raaBHbiM apryMeHT0M g.H peK0HCTpyK- 27 MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt op.cit. 265 g.) gaHHyro ^opMy c^MTan omMÖKofi nepenMCTMKa: „Denn nicht nur werden die nämlichen Götter (nur durch einen Namen an siebenter Stelle und durch einen Anhang von drei weiteren Namen am Schlusse vermehrt) genau in derselben Reihenfolge aufgezählt, sondern auch der charakteristische Fehler Pockols für Peckolli findet sich hier wieder". Bcë-TaKM ^Ty goragKy MaHHxapgTa mo^ho oötacHSTb m no-gpyroMy - He ycMaTpMBas b cTpyKType croBa HMKaKOM omMÖKM, ho 3aKOHOMepHwe Mop^OHonorM^ecKMe M3MeHeHMa npyccKoro 33WKa, T.e. Pecole (cp. Mannhardt op.cit. 233, [Pecolle] 235) AseHÖu (mctomhmk 1530 r. - o HëM nogpoÖHee cm. Kregždys 2008, 50 [m ^MTepaTypy]) no cpaBHeHMro c Peckolli *R J SmBXMCKöü khumku mo^ho MHTepnpeTMpoBaTb KaK no3g-HefimMM [repMaHM3MpoBaHHwfi] BapuaHT Toro caMoro Peckolli *R J, KoTopbrä pe^neKTMpyeT cyöcTaH-TMB -iö- ochobw BMecTo 6oüee cTapoM ^opMW -ö- ochobw (cp. PEŽ III 280), cp. npycc. sirsilis „mepmeHb" < *sirsilas (PEŽ IV 116), cp. e^ë ^opMbi TeoHMMoB, ynoMMHaeMbie b SmBXMCKöü khumkc: Peckolls A, C, Pockolls A, B, Pokols C (Mannhardt op.cit. 246), T.e. cnoBa -ö- ochobw. ^M MMeHM co6cTBeHHoro Ha -ö- 0CH0By aBnaeTca TonoHUMUHecKUM MaTepuan: Ton. npycc. Curchussadil 1374 LI, 51 [T.e. K0Mn03UT U3 gByx cocTaBHHx HacTeö Curchus + sadil O cn0B006pa30BaTenbHHM Tun nominativus + nominativus, cp. npycc. Ton. 1388 r. Dewslauks (CeM6a) < npycc. deywis, deiws [nom.sg. ceM6uMCKoro guaneKTa (!) - PEŽ I 192] „6or" + npycc. laucks „none" III 1Q510 [6528] (nom.sg. - PEŽ III 49), cp. e^ë Ton. nuT. Dievai[nom.pl.]-balis !!! (Gerullis 1922, 28), 1357 r. Geyzelawken < npycc. geeyse ,^an-na" E 718 (nom.sg. - PEŽ I 333) + npycc. laucks „none" (nom.sg.) (Gerullis op.cit. 39) u gp.]28 (Gerullis op.cit. 77), TaK KaK foneKTUBHHM foopMaHT -as, ecnu oh Haxogunca nocne ry6Horo unu Hë6Horo cornacHoro (b roBope ^nb6uH^a, T.e. naMagaH), 6h. npou3HocuM „6onee 3aMKHyT0 u o6o3HaHanca KaK u(-usV (Kaukiené 1999, 21; 2QQQ, 54; 2QQ4, 65)29, T.e. mo®ho genaTb ocTopo®Hoe npegnono^eHue o cy^ecTBOBaHUu UMeHU npyccKoro 6o®ecTBa *Kurkus (g.masc.). TaK ®e Hy®H0 a^eHTupoBaTb, hto peKOHCTpyMpyeMaa Ma®ronucoM ^opMa *Kurka He o6a3aTenbHo gon®Ha paccMaTpuBaTbca KaK o6pa3e^ ®eHCKoro poga no ^op-ManbHMM npuHUHaM, T.e. eë mo®ho cooTHocuTb co cnoBaMU My®cKoro poga oHeHb cTa-poro cn0B006pa30BaTenbH0r0 Tuna - nomina collectiva: naT. nauta „MopaK", cT.cnaB. sluga „cnyra" u gp. (cm. Valeckiené 1984, 227 T.g. [u nuTepaTypy]. HecMOTpa Ha B03M0®H0CTb pa3pa6oTKU gaHHOM npo6neMH HecKonbKUMU cnoco-6aMU, npucyTCTBue b cnoBe repMaHU3upoBaHHoro oKOHHaHua -e HUKaKUM 06pa30M He cnoco6cTByeT a priori peKOHCTpy^uu npoTOTuna nomina propria ®eHCKoro poga - sto He aBnaeTca KaKOM-nu6o 3aK0H0MepH0CTbro, KOTopyro nHTaeTca ycTaHOBUTb Ma®ronuc (PEŽ II 3Q8). flanbme aHanu3upya runoTe3y Ma®ronuca, 0CH0BaHHyro Ha npegnocH.Kax Byru m TonopoBa, Heo6xoguMo ynoMaHyTb rnaBHHM apryMeHT eë HecocToaTenbHocTU - aBTop pemeHua npo6neMH ccHnaeTca He Ha neKCMHeCKMM MaTepuan mctohhmkob npyCCKoro a3MKa, a Ha peKOHCTpyupobaHHHe - no o6pa3y cooTBeTCTBUM B0CT0HH0-6anTUMCKUx u cnaBaHCKUx a3HKOB - ^opMH rnarona 6anT.-cnaB. *kurk- „KpyTUTbca, cru6aTbca" 28 Bo3Mo®Hoe cy^ecTBoBaHue ^opMbi ^eHcKoro poga MMeHM 6o®ecTBa onpoBepraeT caM aBTop ^T0M ru-noTe3bi Ma^ronuc, nocKonbKy b yKa3aHHOM TonoHMMe oh ycMaTpuBaeT KOMnoHeHT „*Kurku- (c coeguHu-TenbHbiM rnacHbiM - K0H^0M ochobw *-u-) unu (gen.sg.) *Kurkus", T.e. peKoHcTpyMpyeT hm» Ha -u- ocHoBy [Ma^ronuc (Mažiulis 1970, 270 g.) npu ^T0M ccbinaeTca Ha cbou u3bicKaHua no noBogy geKnuHa^uoHHbIX 3aK0H0MepH0cTax MMëH Ha -u- ocHoBy ab origine], a ^hckmm pog cnoB Ha TaKoro ocHoBy, no MHeHuro A. Ka-yKueHe (Kaukiené 2000, 55), B03M0®eH TonbKo b nnaHe peKoHcTpy^uu, nocKonbKy gocTOBepHbix gaHHbix o cy^ecTBOBaHHH TaKoro Mop^onoranecKoro Tuna HeT. CoBceM ManoBepoaTHoM Ka^eTca runoTe3a Ma-^ronuca (PEŽ II 309) no noBogy peKoHcTpy^uu rugpoHuMa o3. *Kurku (nom.-acc.neutr.), He 3a^MKcnpo-BaHHoro b KaKux-nu6o nucbMeHHbix ucToHHuKax (cp. Kregždys 2008 , 89). ^T0 pa3bicKaHue ocHoBbiBaeTca TonbKo Ha goragKax aBTopa npegnono^eHua u Ha ero ®e peK0HcTpyup0BaHH0M ^opMe (!) MMeHM npuna-raTenbHoro 3an.6anT. *kurkus „(c)KpyHeHHbiM, 3arHyTbiM", »Ko6bi pe^neKTupoBaHHoM onaTb ®e peKoHc-TpyupyeMoM Ma^ronucoM ^opMoM (!) peKM npycc. *Kurkus (nom.sg.). K co^aneHuro, npuxoguTca KoHcTa-TupoBaTb, hto Bce ^Tu goragKM Ma^ronuca gon^Hbi pac^HuBaTbca KaK nuHrBucTuHecKu He goKa3yeMbie. Henb3a cornacuTbca c aBTopoM ^Tux M3wcKaHMM, hto mo^ho peKoHcTpyupoBaTb neKcuHecKyro ^opMy [ga e^ë u Ha3BaHue o3epa unu peKu (!)], ocHoBbiBaacb He Ha gaHHbix ucTopuHecKux mctohhmkob unu Te3aypyce npyccKoro »3biKa, a Ha peK0HcTpyupyeM0M ^opMe gpyroro Mop^onoruHecKoro Tuna, cy^ecTBoBaHue koto-poro HegoKa3yeMo. 29 no npuHuHe TaKoM Mop^oHonoruHecKoM nepecTpoMKu, gaHHoe cnoBo, no-BuguMoMy, cKnoHanocb KaK cno-bo geKnuHa^u0HH0^0 Tuna Ha -u- ocHoBy, KoTopwM gon^eH pac^HuBaTbca KaK BTopuHHWM, T.e. npycc. Curchus-sadil, ecnu oh u pe^neKTupyeT reHuTuB nepBoM HacTu KoMno3uTa, aBnaeTca no3gHuM H0B006pa-3oBaHueM TaKoro Tuna cKnoHeHua, Heco3garo^uM npegnocwnKy gna peKoHcTpy^uu gpyrux rpaMMaTu-HecKux KaTeropuM Toro ®e uHH0Ba^u0HH0^0 (!) Tuna. npycc. Curche: ^TMMo;Io™a TeoHuMa, ^yH^uu 6o®ecTBa; npo6neMaTuKa ycTaHOBneHua KynbTOBHx .. (PEŽ II 310). M3 stom, flKoöbi cy^ecTBOBaBmeM, ^opMH BHBoguTca 3an.6aHT. *kurkus „(c)KpyHeHHbiM, 3arHyTHÖ" (cm. 28 cHocKy) (PEŽ II 309). PeKOHcTpy^ua TaKux npo-TO^opM BecbMa ocno^HHeT gaHbHenmee pa3HcKaHue no STuMOHoruu npycc. Curche, nocKOHbKy OHa cooTHocuMa c nceBgosTMMonorMHecKMMM nonHTKaMu, ucKa^aro^uMu nMHrBMcTMHecKMe gaHHHe B0cT0HH0-6anTMÖcKMX H3HKOB (cm. gaHbme). CnegyeT e^e pa3 nognepKHyTb, hto Ma^ronuc (ibd.), genaa TaKue npegnocHHKM, ccnnaeTca He Ha go-cTOBepHHe ^aKTH nucbMeHHHX mctohhmkob, a Ha HuneM He 0cH0BaHH0e yraep^geHue Byru, hto npycc. *Kurkä „nocnegHuö p^aHOM cHon" < *„to, hto cKpyneHO (cBa3aHo), 3arHyTo". Dwbhhm HegocTaTKOM runoTe3H TonopoBa u pa3geHaro^ero ero MHeHue [ocho-BaHHoro Ha goragKe Byru] Ma^ronuca aBHaeTca Mop^OHorunecKaa u ceMaHTunecKaa HecoBMecTHMOCTb peKOHcTpyupoBaHHHx raaroHbHHx ^opM u pa36upaeMoro TeoHuMa. Ma^ronuc n0HeMy-T0 He npoaHanu3upoBan raaBHbiö apryMeHT Teopuu TonopoBa (1984, 316) - cn0B006pa30BaHue u STuMOHoruro mm. kurki „Kleinkorn" (ME II 392). TonopoB, ^enaa goKa3aTb ucTuHHocTb cBoen runoTe3H, npuBoguT 3HaneHua chob, K0T0pbie um He cBOMcTBeHHH [u 3T0 cBOMcTBeHHO He TOHbKO ycTaHOBneHuro ceMeM HTm. kurki - cp. Kregždys 2008, 59 g.]. TaK cnynunocb, hto HTm. kurki oh npugaeT 3HaneHue „MeHKoe, 3acoxmee, cbe^uBmueca 3epHo" (TonopoB ibd.). npuxoguTca co^aneTb o tom, hto To-nopoB pa3Hbie no nponcxo^geHMro cHOBa othocut k 0gH0My HeKcuKO-ceMaHTunecKO-My rHe3gy: u.c. HTm. kurkillm. HTm. kurkt. Bo3mo^ho, hto TaKaa runoTe3a 06ycH0BHeHa gaHHHMu EH I 708: rH. HTm. kurkt = rH. HTm. kurkt „KBaKaTb" - 06a cHOBa OHOMaToneu-necKoro npoucxo^geHua. Bce-TaKu TonopoB He o6paTuH BHuMaHua Ha pa3HHM Hananb-hhm cornacHHM gaHHHx chob [o npoucxo^geHuu MarKoro k cm. Endzelynas 1957, 41] u pa3Hu^ b 3HaHeHuu: u.c. HTm. kurki MO^eT 6HTb cpaBHuBaeM c rH. mm. kurkt TOHbKO b eguHcTBeHHOM cnynae - ec™ oh o3HanaeT „KBaKaTb (o 3ByKax, u3gaBaeMHx Harym-kom)" (ME II 322), a He „KaTuTb, cBepTHBaTb" [mm. kurkt = mm. kurkt TonbKo b cnyqae 3HaneHMa „KBaKaTb" - EH ibd.], mm. kurkt „cTaHOBuTbca nopucTHM, pa3gyBmuMca, u3HyTpu BHcoxmuM" (ME II 322 g.), HTm. kurkumi „uKpa; Tona^unca [ny3HpucTHÖ] 6epe30BHM cok; geronnenes Birkenwasser; ^enTOBaTaa, cnroHHaa Macca Ha TpaBe; eine gelbe, speichelartige Masse auf Wiesengräsern" (ME ibd.). Mo^ho cgenaTb npegnono^eHue o tom, hto HTm. kurki no cBoeMy npoucxo^ge-Huro 6hu3ko hut. kiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM"30 (Skardžius 1996, 475; Büga II 462) > [c KOHcoHaHTHbiM pacmupuTeneM -k-, BHnoHHaro^uM (uKOHo)rpa^uHecKyro ^yH^uro, cp. hut. kušta „ucne3aTb, nycTeTb u gp." ^ kukšta „t.ä." - nogpo6Hee cm. Jakulis 2004, 62, 72 g.] hut. (su)kiurkti „npuxBapbiBaTb, cTaHOBuTbca T^egymHHM" Zr, Km (LKŽ), T.e. „gHpaBHM — cHa6HM — cTaHOBuTbca T^egymHHM"; hut. kiurksoti „cugeTb urn cto- 30 Cp. ceMaHTu^ecKoe none rnarona: hut. kiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM" K, J, Lkv, Kv, Rm, Slm, Up, Grz, Gršl, Šts, Skr, apkiurti „cTaHOBuTbca OTgacTu gHpaBHM, o6TpenaTbca" Žln; atkiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM, npo-gHpaBuTbca" Ds, Kp, Sdk; iškiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM, noaBHaTbca (o gHpe)" Šts, Š, Zr, „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM (o Bcex npegMeTax)" rš, Er, Skr, Varn, „coBceM gHpaBHM cTaHOBuTbca" Šts, Žr, „yKaTuTb, yMTu, Mcqe3HyTb" Bsg, Trk; nukiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM" Šts, Ggr, „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM, pacKpwTbca (o Bcex npegMeTax)" Šts; prakiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM b 0gH0M MecTe" J, Er, Ds, Gršl, rš, Vaižg, Tl, Grš, M.Valanč, Krs, „pacKpwTbca" rš, A.Strazd, „HagaTb c pa3y mto hu 6ygb genaTb, pacnycTMTbca, nocbmaTbca" Užv, Btg, rš, Srv, Jnšk, P.Cvir, Žem, Dr, Er, Gs, Vb, „cTaHOBuTbca MOKpHM, npoMOKHyTb nocne BHxoga BeceH-HeM Mep3H0TH" Jnšk, Er, Pc, JD 1019; sukiurti „cTaHOBuTbca gHpaBHM" J.Marc, rš, Š, Pmp, Grž, Pc, Šts, An, „6HTb 6oHbHHM, cHa6HM, He3gopoBHM" Šts, Gs, Vdš, Rod, Prng, „ucqe3HyTb" Šk u gp. (LKŽ). aTb cbë^MBmncb, OKOHeHeBmu" (Skardžius op.cit. 513)31, npegnonararo^ue BocT.6anT. guan. *kur-k-t- „craHOBUTbca gbipaBbiM; ManeHbKUM, cna6biM" > nTm. kurkis „gygoHKa; ManeHbKaa KOMHaTa, He6onbmaa nanaTKa, TKipbMa32; gy6uHa OBanbHOM ^opMbi; HeKpa-cmbhm HenoBeK" (EH I 708), pogcTBeHHbiö u.n. nuT. kiauras33, nTm. caurs „gbipaBbiM, nopBaHHHM, pacTep3aHHHM, paHeHHM, nycTOM, rnyxoM, npoH3aK>^MM 6ok (o 6onu), nocTOHHHHÖ" (ME I 365 g.), a ^TM reHeTUHecKU 6nM3KM pyc. nyp „py6e^, cTeHa", nypKa „o6py6oK" (Büga II 293; e^ë cm. LEW 249). n^TOMy nTm. kurki „Kleinkorn" mo^hö pa3bflcHATb KaK „MenK03epHUcTbiM, nOTOMy, HTO M3 BbicbmaBmUXcfl KonocbeB [y^e BucunaBmuxcH, T.e. c^aTbix c ono3gaHueM (!)] ypo^aM", cp. ceMeMbi nuT. kiurksoti „cTOATb cbë^MBmUcb", T.e. TaK KOnOcbA „cTOAT = Cbë^HBaroTCfl", KOrga OHM Ha nOHBy BbicbmaroT 3ëpHa, c00TBeTCTBeHH0 ohm He o6peMeHeHHbie TA^ecTbro 3epHa = „ocbmaB-mueca Konocbfl". ^T0 6bin eguHCTBeHHbiM u no Bceö BMgMMOcTM omu6oHHbiM apryMeHT ^pyMeHTanbHOM Teopuu TonopoBa, npegHa3HaHeHH0M gna yKpenneHua ceMaHTUHecKOM cba3m Me^gy UMeHeM npycc. Curche „gyx ypo^aa" u BHme yKa3aHHbiMU neKcMHecKMMM cOOTBeTCTBUAMU B0cT0HH0-6anTUMcKUX A3bIK0B. E^ë MeHee BepoATHbiM Ka^eTca cpaBHMBaHMe UMeHU 6o^ecTBa c rn. nTm. kurkt „cTaHOBUTbca nopucTbiM, B3gyTHM, M3HyTpu BHcoxmuM" (ME II 322 g.), gna KOToporo TonopoB (1984, 316) onpegenaeT 3HaHeHue „BbicbixaTb", xota b ME II 323 yKa3biBaeTca ceMeMa „innerlich dürr, schwammig werden", T.e. „cTaHOBUTbca nopucTHM, M3HyTpM bh-coxmuM" = III. BbicoxmuM ^ II. nopucTHM I. B3gyTMH. 3HaHUT, ceMeMa „Bbicoxmuö" aBnaeTca BTopuHHOM m c ^TMMono^MeM rnarona He cBA3aHa. no ^T0My TyT yMecTHO npo-aHanu3upoBaTb cMbicn conocTaBneHua gaHHoro rnarona c npycc. Curche. He B03HUKaeT HUKaKUx coMHeHUM, hto rnaronbi naramcKoro A3biKa kùrkt, kurkt u ux npou3BogHbie ^opMH nTm. kùrkumi, kurke „HupoK; Anas cressa", kurkis „npyg c narymKaMu; gygoHKa; M0n0T0K, npegHa3HaHeHHHM gna Bbi6uBaHUfl cepg^BUHbi cTBona; Holzhammer zum Eintreiben von Pfahlen; 06M0TKa TKa^oro cTaHKa [T.e. nycTOTenoe gepeBAHHoe npucno-co6neHue, Ha KOTopoe o6MaTbiBaroTca hmtm]" (ME II 322 g.) HBnaroTca OHOMaTonennec- 31 ^TU rnaronbHbie ^opMbi He cnegoBano 6bi conocTaBnaTb co cnoBaMu oHoMaToneMHoro npoucxo^geHua: Me^g. nuT. kiurkt u kiurkt „6ypgaTb (o ®uB0Te)" Er, „mMbir; ropK (gna onpegeneHua 6bicTporo gBu^eHua npogb)" Slnt, Up, „gupK, ^enK" rš, „muk" Vvr > nuT. kiurkti „nocToaHHo KBaKaTb, 6paKaTb" J, J.Balč, Kv, Šv, Skr, Jrb; „cnaTb" J, Škn; „nuTbca cTpyeM, ogeHb cunbHo go^guTb" J, Rs, Kv; „ToMuTb, ^unaTb (neTyxa)" Kl; apsikiurkti „3anagKaTbca (cTpagaa noHocoM)" Jž; iškiurkti „MegneHHo yMTu" J.Jabl; sukiurkti „KBaKHyTb; BCKpuKHyTb" rš, J, „ygapuTb, xnecTHyTb geM-nu6o" Šll; kiurkteleti „KBaKHyTb" rš, „cTyKHyTb, ^enKHyTb" Vvr, rš, Kl. TaKyro omu6Ky, no BuguMoMy, genaeT B. Yp6yTuc (Urbutis 1969, 155), KoTopwM nTm. kura „nox-ne6Ka u3 xne6Hwx KopoK c 3anpaBKoM, xne6Haa noxne6Ka" (ME II 392) o6tacHaeT KaK cnoBoo6pa3oBaHue oHoMaToneMHoro npoucxo^geHua, xoTa ero ceMaHTUKa HanpaMyro cBa3aHHa c nTm. caurs „gbipsBbra", T.e. mo^ho peKoHcTpyMpoBaTb ceMeMy *„xygoM « He rycToM cyn, T.e. o^eHb cKygHoe 6nrogo", cp. 6anTU3M 6np. u,mpx „Tropa, xne6Haa noxne6Ka (npuroToBnaeMaa U3 xonogHoM Bogbi c conbro, b KoTopyro go6aBnaroT xne6 u nyK)". 32 CBa3b ^T0^0 cnoBa c npoToceMeMoM „gbipaBbiM" nogTBep^gaeTca ceMeMoM „TropbMa", cboum bo3hukho-BeHue cooTHocuMa c MeTogoM Ka3Hu a3w^ecKux BpeMeH: b Annales Polonorum (1279 r.) yTBep^gaeTca, mto ocy^geHHbm k cMepTHoM Ka3Hu y3HuK 3aTo^anca b Bwgon6neHHMH cTBon gepeBa. ^T0 gepeBo-TropbMa nocne ^T0^0 nog^uranacb (cm. BRMŠ I 270 g.). 33 Cp. ceMaHTu^ecKoe none u.n. nuT. kiauras: „gwpaBwft; npogwpaBneHHwft" K, N, J V 177, Skr, Km, Er, Ll, Dr, Dkš, LTR (Jnš), B.Sruog, Vlkv, Jrb, Bsg, Žml, „pacKonoTHM. oTKpHBmuMca. pa3gBuHyBmuMca (o 3eMne)" BsP II 217, Žem, Kp, A.Vien, Rm, BsP IV 35, „nycTQTenbm" BM 10, rš, Ls, „TeKyrnuM, He 3aMep3muM" SD 29, Skr, Tl, Varn, Blv, Rs, Skr, „M3paHeHHbm" K II 362, Šts, Krtv, S.Dauk, Blv, rš, Upt, Gs, „nerKo nponycKarornuM cbpocTb" Ss, Mlt, Šts, „Becb ^enuK0M" P.Cvir, rš, Grž, Srv, J V 1066, D 22, Ds, Up, Ms, Tat, V.Kudir, Ch 6, Dr, „nycToM, nbicbiM" B, MŽ549, „HecnoKoMHHM, gyBcTBuTenbH^M, wtkum (o cHe)" Klov, Blv (LKŽ). Koro npoucxo^geHua, T.e. ohm bo3hukhu no oöpa3y nogpa^aHua 3ByKaM, u3gaBaeMbiM HHrymKaMu34, cp. HTm. kurkuli „HHrymKu" (Balkevičius, Kabelka 1977, 334 g.), kurkulis „öonTyH" (ME II 323), rH. hut. kurketi, kurkti „BopnaTb, KpunaTb" M.Valanč (LKŽ), u.c. hut. kurke „uHgeßKa" Klvr, Mrj, Vv, Žl, Jž, An, Rk, Al, Ds, Paj, A.Strazd, Sdk, rš, NS1343, Ds; kurkis „MHgroK" MPs, flk [T.e. „TOT(Ta), KoTopbiö(-aH) KBaKaeT, KypHbineT"]. Bce gpy-rue 3HaneHMH ^T0^0 HeKcuKo-ceMaHTunecKoro rHe3ga cBH3aHbi c M3gaB aeMbiMu 3ByxaMu (1) pe^epeHTa uhu c 0Öpa30M ero pa3MH0^eHMH (2): 1) HTm. kurkt „KBaKaTb (o 3ByKax, M3gaBaeMHX HHrymKoö)" (ME II 322) [> HTm. kurke „nupoK"] - y caM^B ^TMx 3eMHo-BogHbx ecTb ny3bipu-pe3oHaTopbi, npu B3gyTuu KoTopbix ycuHuBaeTca ucnycKaeMbm HHrymKoö 3ByK (cp. LE XXXIII 140) > mm. kurkumi „Tona^uncH [ny3bipMCTbrä] 6epe-3obhm cok; geronnenes Birkenwasser"; HTm. kurkultši „(6nrogo) KHe^u M3 nmeHMHHoö MyKu"; 2) HTm. kurkt „cKaTbrnaTb, cBepTbiBaTb", T.e. nmywanbx UKpa, CKamaHHax u ceep-Hymax e KynKu > HTm. kurkumi „uKpa; ^enToBaTaa, cHKiHHaa Macca Ha TpaBe". E^e ogHo ceMarnunecKoe 3BeHo, He cBH3aHHoe c nepBuHHbiM pe^epeHToM hh-rymKoö, ho c ero curau^uKaTOM - B3gyTbiMM ny3bipHMu-pe3oHaTopaMu, o6ycnoBuno Bo3HMKHoBeHue ceMeMbi „nopucTocTb", T.e. „nycTOH, nycTOTe^MH": HTm. kurkis „gygon-Ka; mohotok, npegHa3HaqeHHbiM gHH Bbi6uBaHuH cepg^BuHbi cTBoHa; o6MoTKa TKa^o-ro cTaHKa [T.e. nycToTenoe gepeBHHHoe npucnoco6neHue, Ha KoTopoe HaMaTbrnaroTcn hmtm]". CeMeMa „mohotok, npegHa3HaqeHHbiM gHH Bbi6uBaHuH cepg^BuHbi cTBoHa", 6bma npuHMHoß Bo3HMKHoBeHua rH. HTm. kurket „pa3pymuTb, M3MeHbHMTb" (ME II 323). CeMeMH, cBH3aHHbie c M3gaBaeMHMM HHrymKoö 3ByxaMM u ux pe^epeHToM - ny-3bipaMM-pe30HaT0paMM, o6ycHoBHuBaroT Bo3HuKHoBeHue geHoTaTa „B3gyToCTb (KaK ny3bipu b koh^ HeHrocraoö nacTu HHrymKu)", cp. HTm. kurka „npo6Ka" (ME II 322 -HeBepHoe 3HaneHue ^T0^0 cHoBa npuBogHT MBaHoB u TonopoB (CM 299)), T.e. „nycTo-TeHHM uhu nopucTHM, B3gyTbm o6^eKT". C TeneHueM BpeMeHu 3HaneHue „B3gyTocTb" ^ „nopucTocTb" 6hho cooTHeceHo c nHoxuM ypo^aeM, pocToM pacTeHuö u T.n., cp. rH. hut. kurketi, kurketi „cKygHo, He Tyrao pacTu" J; iškurketi „pa3ÖyxHyTb, nepepacTu" Šts; sukurketi „o6Hu^aTb, pa3Mo3^uTbca" J (LKŽ). Ccbmaacb Ha runoTe3y TonopoBa, Ma^roHuc (PEŽ II 310) peKoHcTpyupyeT Bugu-mo HuKorga He cy^ecTBoBaBmyro raaroHbHyro ^opMy 6aHT.-cHaB. *kurk- „KpyTuTbca, cru6aTbca" [> hut. kurkti „cnyTbiBaTb, cBaHuBaTb b Kyny, cBH3biBaTb no o6pa3y cTpo-eHua uKpb HHrymKu" (cp. TonopoB ibd.)], 3HaneHuH KoTopoö goH^Hbi pac^HuBaTbca KaK BTopu^HMe, T.e. Bo3HuKmue u3-3a bhuhhuh pe^epeHTHMx ceMeM (2 Tuna) u geHo- o « « . « o a TaTa nenopaTuBHoro 3HaneHuH „B3gyTocTb ^ „nopucTocTb „nnoxon, HerogHMH , noBHuHBmux Ha noHBHeHue ceMeM guaH. hut. kurkti „nHoxo muTb, BH3aTb uhu geHaTb 34 Cp. Me^g. nMT. kurkt, kurkt „gna o6o3Ha^eHMa 3ByKa narymaqbero KBaKaHba" Grž, Šts (LKŽ) > ra. nMT. kurkti „KpMWb, KBaKaTb" SD 330, 340, K, J, Šmk, Šts, Slnt, Plt, Čk, Pn, Rm, Žem, P.Cvir, A.Vien, BsMt I 126, Kp, Er, BM 413, J.Marc, Vaižg, Alk, Lk, Ds, Trg; „KnacTb, BbmycKaTb MKpy (o aarymKax)" J; „KBaKaTb" Sg, Krkl; „Ha3o0^HBo npocMTb, yroBapMBaTb" Slnt, J.Marc, P.Cvirk, Stak, Rs, Skr, Krš, Užv, „HeKpacuBo neTb" Č, Er gMan. ^mt. ¡sikurkti „gaTb Bonro KBaKaTb (o narymKax)" Š; iškurkti „BbmycTMTb MKpy (o narymKax)" Šts, MTt V 76 (Kln), „BbmpocMTb, BWMonMTb" Šts, Skr; pakurkti „KpM^aTb, KBaKaa" Er, „nonpocMTb, MonMTb" Skr; perkurkti „nepecTaTb KBaKaTb" Užv; prikurkti „HanycTMTb MKpw (o narymKax)" Slnt, Šts, „HaroBopMTb, Hacn^eTHuqaTb" Vl, Skr, Šk, Rs, rš, „HaneTbca" Vl, „HaxanaTb, Harpy3MTb" Vkš, „MHoro HanMTbca" Dkšt, „Han^eBaTb, HaxapKaTb" Sut, Plt, „HaKonMTbca, Ha6MTbca" J, Žvr, Plt; sukurkti „KpMKHyTb KBaKaro^MM ro-nocoM" rš, Vaižg, „BwnycKaTb MKpy (o narymKax)" J, „cnnoTMTb, co6paTb b Ky^y" Šts, Slnt, Brs, Al, „c^aTbca, corHyTbca" Klvr, J, Slnt; užkurkti „Ha^aTb KBaKaTb" Ilg, Kp, „oraymMTb KBaKaHbeM" Trgn, Ds (LKŽ). hto-to MHoe no pyKogenuro" Gs, Rs, Šk, Jrb, Alvt, Lkš, Skr; „cBœbrnaTb no o6pa3y cTpoa narymanben uKpbi" Trg, J; apsikurkti „HeaKKypaTHO, HeKpacuBO HapaguTbca unu 06-CTaBMTb [cbom goM] KaKMMM-To Be^aMu" J, Slnt; nukurkti „nnoxo cmuTb, cgenaTb" Vdžg; pakurkti „nnoxo cmuTb, c6opuTb" Rs, Šll; prikurkti „nmxo HT0-Hu6ygb npumuTb" Snt, „nnoxo HanpacTb" Rs Up; sukurkti „nnoxo HanpacTb, cmuTb, 3amTonaTb u T.n." Up, Vl, Slv, Gs; „cnneTaTb, cnyTaTb, cBanaTb; cMATb" Rs, Šll, Ktk, Trg; „cgenaTb hu k HeMy He-rogHMM, ocMeaTb" Slč, Lnkv; užkurkti „Koe-KaK 3amuTb, 3amTonaTb" Vdžg, Vdk (LKŽ), T.e. ohu HBHHroTCH no3gHUMu - ^T0 yTBep:«geHue nogTBep^gaeTca u oTcyTCTBueM co-o6pa3Hbix ceMeM b naTBuncKoM œbiKe. Bcë 3BeHo ^Tux ceMaHTeM oraunaeTcfl nenopa-THBHHM oTTeHKoM, nocKonbKy u3gaBaeMbie narymKoM 3ByKu u b 6e3o6pa3Hbie Ky^Ku cBaneHHaa uKpa ^Tux 3eMH0B0gHbix ucTonKoBbiBanucb KaK gucrapMoHua, 6ecnopagoK u o6pa3e^ KaKo^oHuu [cp. BbigeneHHbie ceMeMbi 34 chocku]. flenaa o63op ^T0M nacra uccnegoBaHua, mo^ho yTBep^gaTb, hto HeT HUKaKoro ocHOBaHua gna cpaBHuBaHua npycc. Curche c Bbime oroBopeHHHMu BocroHHo-6an-tumckumu rnaronaMu 0H0MaT0neMH0r0 npoucxo^geHua u ux npou3BogHHMu ^opMa-mu (cm. 1 cxeMy) - hu oguH u3 hux He uMeeT Hulero o6^ero c ^yH^uaMu 6o^ecTBa [KoTopbie go koh^ TaK u He ycTaHoBneHbi]. DiaBHbiM HegocTaToK TaKoro cpaBHeHua - motub noucKa reHeranecKon B3auMocBœu. CooTHocuMocTb gaHHoro 6ora co cho-noM 3naK0Bbix, K0T0pyro geKnapupyroT Byra, TonopoB, Ma^ronuc u gp., HeB03M0:«-Ha, nocKonbKy, npugep^uBaacb TaKon tohku 3peHua [uMea b Bugy npuBoguMbin umu nuHrBucTuqecKun aHanu3], Hy«H0 6bino 6bi ugon 6ora o6bacHflTb KaK pa36yxmuHca, pacnymeHHMH o6ieKT [T.e. cHon 3naK0Bbix (!)], ho ^TO nporaBopenuno 6bi ucTuHe - cHonbi 3naKoBbix KpenKo cBfl3biBaroTcfl u cKnagbiBaroTca b KonHbi. ^0^T0My npuxo-guTca KoHcTaTupoBaTb, hto TaKaa runoTe3a HeMoTuBupoBaHa u nuHrBucranecKu, u Mu^onorunecKu. Onpegenaa ^TUMono^uHecKue uctoku uMeHu 6o^ecTBa, ga6bi u36e^aTb aTO-MUcTUHecKoro nogxoga k aHanu3y npo6neMbi, Heo6xoguMo o6paTuTb BHuMaHue Ha ^aKTonorunecKun MaTepuan no ME Mu^onoruu, nonyneHHbiM nyrëM cpaBHuTenbHoro MeToga, K0T0pbin, HecMoTpa Ha cKencuc Ma^ronuca (PEŽ II 309) no noBogy cnumKoM Mu^onoru3upoBaHHoro aHanu3a uMeHu npycc. Curche, npogenaHHoro TonopoBbiM, aBnaeTca nepBocreneHHon Ba^HocTu. MMeHHo cy^ecTBoBaHue Mu^onorunecKux co-oTBeTcTBun, uMea b Bugy gaHHbie goroBopa opgeHa ot 1249 r., b 06pag0B0M cucTeMe gpyrux ME HapogoB Mo^eT 6biTb goBonbHo Ba^Hon npegnocbinKon He TonbKo gna pe-KoHcTpy^uu ^yH^un 6o^ecTBa, ho u ero uMeHu, nocKonbKy HbrnemHue nonbiTKu o6bacHuTb npoucxo^geHue KynbTa u TeoHuMa unu nacro He cooTBeTcTByroT ^puH^u-naM ^neMeHTapH0M noruKu [cp. npegno^eHue M. Hap6yraca 6o^ecTBo uHTepnpeTupo-BaTb KaK nneBOK flueBaca], unu ocHoBbiBaroTca Ha ho^hhx nuHrBucTunecKux Teopuax, cpaBHuBaro^ux rpynnbi cnoB pa3Horo npoucxo^geHua, He uMero^ux Hulero o6^ero c npycc. Curche He TonbKo b nnaHe ceMaHranecK0M, ho u b M0p^0n0runecK0M [cp. runo-Te3M Byru, TonopoBa, Ma^ronuca] (cm. 1 cxeMy). OguH u3 TaKux, bo3mo:«ho reHeTunecKu 6nu3Kux KynbTy npycc. Curche, 06-pagoBbix ^KBUBaneHT0B - nowraHue 6MKa [cp. b Havane cTyguu ynoM^Hyrun M. Ctphmkobckum onucaHHbin ^pa3gHUHHHM o6pag, bo BpeMa KoToporo coBepmanocb ^epTBonpuHomeHue TenëHKa//Monogoro 6biKa (BRMŠ II 548)], 6o^ecTBa ypo^aa, gpeBHuMu rpeKaMu b ^nnage, upaH^Mu [KynbT ^T0^0 6ora cnuTaeTca rnaBHHM ^ne-MeHToM MuTpau3Ma], uHguM^aMu, KenbTaMu (cp. Pisani 1950, 37), repMaH^Mu u gp. E- rt O B Œ EC ^ S O c \C « U K H sr rt « * ►fi S ,£ m SE pen3ep op.cit. 731]: 24-25 anpena u3 conoMW cnneTanca ugon, cumbonu3upoBaBmun cTapwn rog ypo»aa, u Bemanca Ha caMyro cTapyro aÖnoHro. Chab ypo»an aÖnoK - sto gon»Ho 6wno npoucxoguTb b Hakane ceHTAÖpa - qyneno öpocanocb b peKy unu c»uranocb; 3) c oÖpagoM gpeBHux rpeKoB BecbMa cxogeH u oöwnan upaH^B HaöuBaTb mKy-py 6wKa conoMon unu KonocbAMu 3naKOBwx u »epTBoBaTb ugona 6ory conH^ MuTpe [Bcë sto gencTBue cBA3aHo c ^opMupoBaHueM KynbTOBOM 0^^03M^MM conapHoro u ny-HapHoro oÖpagoB - 3Ta npoöneMa 3aTparuBaeT oÖmupHenmun Mu^onorunecKun MaTepuan MHorux ME HapogoB, nosTOMy gon»Ha uccnegoBaTbca b oTgenbHoM nopagKe] (cp. $pen3ep op.cit. 516 T.g.); 4) conoMeHHoro ugona ÖWKa u3roTOBnflnu u cTaBunu Ha BcnaxaHHoe none repMaH^i, »uBmue b Hu»Hen ABcTpuu (Vries 1935, 298 g.). npunuHa Bo3HuKHoBeHua TaKux KynbToBwx oÖpagoB acHa - b TpagM^MM noBe-pun ME HapogoB 6wk cooTHocunca c öoroM Bogw [a sto cBA3aHo c nyHapHWM Kynb-tom, cp. 1) ^yH^uu u aTpuöyTuKy Comw, uHguncKoro 6ora nyHw: ero 3ooMop^Hwn cuMBon - 6mk (RV IX 113,3) - nogpoÖHee cm. Macdonell 1897, 10, 80, 86; Murthy 2003, 8; 2) xeTTW conocTaBnanu ÖWKa c rnaBHWMu HeÖecHWMu cBeTunaMu - nogpoÖHee cm. Macqueen 1975, 126 (aTa npoöneMa gon»Ha uccnegoBaTbca b oTgenbHoM nopagKe)] -xeTTW ga»e gep»anu BogaHwx öwkob - ÖynBonoB (nogpoÖHee cm. Macqueen op.cit. 77; caKpanbHoe 3HaneHue stux »ubothwx, KOTopwx conocTaBnanu c ypaHucTunecKuMu 6o»ecTBaMu, nogTBep»gaeTca BecbMa nacTWM ux u3oöpa»eHueM b geKope nocygw -Macqueen op.cit. 85 g., 144). TaKue Mu^onorunecKue motubw TaK»e nacTW He TonbKo b uHguncKon Tpagu-^MM, ho BcTpenaroTca u b npegaHuax ÖanTuncKux HapogoB, cp. nuTOBcKun MaTepuan (nogpoÖHee cm. ED 15, 17, 65, 69).C TeneHueM BpeMeHu KynbToBoe »epTBonpuHomeHue 6ory Bogw ÖWKy - Korga KoneBon oÖpa3 »u3Hu cMeHunca 3eMnegenbnecKuM (cm. 2 cxe-My) - cTano BocnpuHuMaTbca KaK oÖpag Öory ypo»aa. 3Haa Bce stu Ba»Hwe Mu^onorunecKue u KynbTypHwe ^aKTW, coBceM He TpygHo onpegenuTb He TonbKo nyTb BO3HuKHOBeHufl uMeHu Öo»ecTBa npycc. Curche, ho u ero 35 Ero ycTaHoBneHue cBS3aHo c KnuMaTu^ecKuMu ycnoBuaMu cTpaHW, HanpuMep, b ^nnage BpeMa noceBa ho-Boro ypo»aa Ha^uHanca b KOH^e ^eBpana, T.e. 60 gHen nocne co^h^cto^us, Korga ApKTyp, caMaa apKaa 3Be3ga co3Be3gua BwKa, Öwna ny^me Bcero BugHa b nonHo^b (cp. Mireaux 1980, 100 g.). Bcë ^TO cBa3aHo c acTpoHOMu^ecKuMu MOTuBaMu. ^yHK^M. Hy^HO OTMeTMTb H TO OÖCTOHTCHbCTBO, HTO 3TM ^aKTbl, nO MHCHMK) Ma^M-nMca, BTOpOCTeneHHOM Ba^HOCTM, b caMOM gene onpegenaroT He BO3HMKHOBeHMe Becb-Ma cOMHMTenbHHX rMnOTe3 h noucK neKcMHecKMX cootbctctbmm b neKcuKOHax gpyrux H3HKOBHX rpynn [cp. y«e ynoMaHyroe cpaBHeHue npycc. Curche c Ha3BaHueM naryma-HbeH HKpM (!)], a MOp^OHOrMHecKMe ceMaHTMHecKMe SKBMBaneHTH TOM ^e caMOM 3a-nagHO-öanTMMcKOM h3hkobom BeTBu. M3 3a^MKcMpoBaHHoro neKcMHecKOrO MaTepuana npyccKOrO a3HKa no 3HaneHuro u cTpyKType STOMy TeoHuMy 6nu^e Bcero ctout npycc. curwis „6hk" E 672, noaTOMy mo^ho cgenaTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono^eHue o cnegyro-^eM STMMonoruHecKOM pa3BuTuu gaHHoro cnoBa: npycc. Curche /Kurke/ < *Kurkas /Kurkus/ „6or poraTbix, T.e. tot, b hčm pacnopa-^eHuu HaxoguTca poraTHM ckot" [c a6cop6^eö KopHeBoro -va-36, cp. nuT. laja „cobo- 36 3gecb o^eHb KcTaTU ynoMaHyTb B03M0®H0e cooTBeTcTBue TaKoro ^OHeTU^ecKoro U3MeHeHua - hm» 6o®ecTBa Deus Auxtheias Viffagiftis, Deus omnipotens, ynoMUHaeMbifi b co^UHeHUu H. gacu^Koro (Lasickis 1969, 39), KoToporo go cux nop omu6o™o o6,bacHaK>T KaK Aukštejas Visagaljsis (Lasickis op.cit. 72). M He-B00py®eHHbiM rna30M BugHO, mto TaKaa ^TUMono^ua HeB03M0®Ha U3-3a HecooTBeTcTBua M0p^0H0n0ru-qecKOM cTpyKTypH cpaBHUBaeMHX ^opM: coBceM He noHaTHO, no^eMy -i- BToporo KOMnoHeHTa cnoBa -giftis Hy^HO o6tacH3Tb KaK ^eMafiTcKUM -in- ^tot -i- HaBepHoe o6o3Ha^aeT gonruM -1- (cp. Girdenis, Girdeniene 1997, 27)], a -ft- ucnpaBnaTb Ha -ss- HeyMecTHO no tom npocTofi npu^UHe, mto b nuTOBcKOM a3biKe u MaMTcKOM guaneKTe ynoTpe6naeTca cn0B0, cooTBeTcTByro^ee gaHHOMy TeoHUMy b nnaHe Mop^onoru^ec-kom u ceMaHTU^ecKOM, ycMaTpuBaa Te ®e U3MeHeHua b cTpyKType UMeHU 6o®ecTBa, K0T0pbie npou3omnu u b npycc. Curche: u.c. nuT. gyvastis, gyvastis „®U3Hb": Lkv, K II 13, Er, P.Cvir, Sch 109, C II 190, V.Kudir, Krkl, BsP I 27, Skr, BsP II 303, A 1884, 50, BsP IV 110, rš, Šn, Prk, K II 13, Alk, Ldvn; „®U3Hb, BeK" J, Skr, Dkšt, Dglš, BsP III 315; „cna6oe cy^ecTBo" Vl, Rs; „®UBoe cy^ecTBO (HaceKOMbie)" Plk (LKŽ). Heyga^Hoe ycTaHOB-neHue neKcu^ecKux cooTBeTcTBUM gaHHoro TeoHUMa 06ycn0BneH0 HecoBceM KoppeKTHoM 3anucbK> UMeH 6o®ecTB gaHHoro co^UHeHua, aBTopoM 0cH0BH0r0 ^aKTU^ecKoro MaTepuana KoToporo 6bin ^sckobckum, no^TU He roBopuBmuM no-nuTOBcKU. Bce BHme ynoMaHyTbie „ucnpaBneHua" a pedibus usque ad caput gon^Hbi 6biTb nonHocTbM OTKnoHeHbi U3-3a HenocnegoBaTenbHocTU ux aBTopoB. Mx pogoHa^anbHUK T. TpuH6eprep (LM I 440) aHanu3upyeT He 6anTUMcKUM MaTepuan in situ, a Ha^UHaeT cBoe pa3bicKaHue ot aHanu3a naT. omnipotens „BceMory^MÖ" u noucKOB B03M0®HHx ero cooTBeTcTBUM b nuTOBcKOM a3HKe, T.e. peKOHcTpynpyeT TaKyro Mop^onoru^ec-Kyro o^epegHocTb: wisgaljs < wisas „Becb" + galeti „moW - wisgaljsis. Ero (LM I 441) nono^eHue 0 tom, mto -ft- < -ss-, n0T0My, mto b nepBOM MacTU cnoBa HaxoguTca -ss-, »BnaeTca Ka3yucTUMHbiM. npuxoguTca Bbipa3UTb cBoe co^aneHue no noBogy nocnegHero pa3bicKaHU» no npo6neMaTUKe gaHHoro TeoHUMa, BbinonHeHHoro n. Bunbg^roHacoM (Vildžiunas 2009, 69 T.g.), b KoTopoM onaTb noBTopaeTca Ta ®e caMaa Teopua npoucxo^geHua TeoHUMa, ocHOBaHa Ha ^puH^u^ax HapogHoM ^TUMono^uu, KOTopyro 50 neT Ha3ag b cBoeM cTaTbe U3no®un B. HcKeBUM (Jaskiewicz 1952, 75 g.). CTpaHHO, mto Bunbg^roHac (Vildžiunas op.cit.72 g.) He nbiTaeTca BHnonHUTb nuHrBucTU^ecKUM aHanu3 gaHHoro TeoHUMa [a c Hero-To u Hago 6wno Ha^aTb pa3pa6oTKy ^T0M npo6neMW, nocKonbKy HcKeBUM (op.cit. 76) [^UBmufi b CfflA], no-BuguMOMy, He UMeBmuM hu Manefimero noHaTua 0 ^puH^u^ax nuHrBucTuqecKoro aHanu3a, um» cyrnecTBUTenbHoe. 3a-nucaHHoe gacu^KUM, o6^acHaeT KaK um» npunaraTenbHoe (!)], ho cpa3y ®e 6epeTca 3a noucKU Mu^ono-ru^ecKUx cooTBeTcTBUM: oh „xpucTuaHU3upyeT" [noBTopaeT BecbMa coMHUTenbHwe goragKU rpuH6eprepa (ibd.)] a3WMecKoro 6ora, nocne ^T0^0 onaTb nepeBoguT ero b pa3pag a3MMecKux 6o®ecTB (TaKoro MeToga „gBOMHOM MeTaM0p^03w" b cboux pa6oTax, Ka^eTca, He ynoTpe6naeT hu oguH uccnegoBaTenb 6anTUMcK0M Mu^onoruu, KpoMe ynoMaHyToro Bunbg^roHaca. TaK mto ^T0 nono^eHue Bunbg^roHaca U3-3a nonHoro ot-cyTcTBua nuHrBucTU^ecKoro aHanu3a Hago OTBeprHyTb ad hoc. npu tom ^T0T uccnegoBaTenb cbou goragKH ocHOBbBaeT He Ha MU^onoru^ecKOM MaTepuane 6anT0B u gpyrux ME HapogoB, ho Ha ®M3HeHHOM onme agenTOB Bygy raHTH (Vildžiunas op.cit. 75). flo cux nop, Ka^eTca, HUKOMy He 6wno U3BecTH0, mto Me^gy 6anTUMcK0M u KynbTypoM rauTaH 6wno 6h MT0-Hu6ygb o6^ee, KpoMe, pa3yMeeTca, hobom penuruu - xpuc-TuaHcTBa). no tom npu^UHe, mto go cux nop He cy^ecTByeT Hay^Horo aHanu3a no ^TUMono^uu Auxtheias Vißagiftis, 3gecb npuBoguTca T0nbK0 ogHa U3 bo3mo®hhx runoTe3 no Bonpocy ero npoucxo^geHua: BTopoM KOMno-HeHT Viffagiftis, no-BuguMOMy, ^^UTeT 6o®ecTBa, MO^eT 6HTb ucTonKOBaH KaK *Visagyvastis, T.e. *„6o®ec-tbo, garo^ee BceM u BceMy ®U3HeHHyro cuny", B03HUKmuM nyTeM a6cop6^uu KopHeBoro cnora -av-. ^T0 Morno np0U30MTU U3-3a Heygo6Horo npou3HomeHua gnuHHoro cnoBa [cno^Horo cnoBa !]. noxo^ue cno- KynHOCTb BeTBen u aucTbeB gepeBa, KopoHa (gepeBa)" DŽ, rš, P.Snar (LKŽ) < lie. la-pi-jà „aucTba gepeBbeB, pacTeHun, c0B0KynH0CTb aucTbeB" K; R 213, K I 96, J, rš, Šv, Vrb, V.Piet, „MecTo, rge MHoro aucTbeB" Tv (LKŽ)]37 < *Kurva-ka- „t.®." - npou3BogHaa ^op-Ma c cy^. ME *-ko- ot u.c. (masc.) 3an. 6aaT. guaa. *kurvas „6hk" < 3an. 6aaT. *karva „KopoBa" (o npoucxo®geHuu gaHHoro caoBa nogpo6Hee cm. PEŽ II 317 T.g.). TaK hto b nepByro oHepegb npuxoguTca npuBecTu geTaabHbin aHaau3 Mop^o-aoruHecKoro crpoa caoBa, a uMeHHo, onucb ceMaHTuHecKon MHoroo6pa3HocTu 6aaT. cy^^. -ka-. C. AM6pa3ac (Ambrazas 1991, 27 g.; 1993, 164 g.; 2000, 73), ocHoBbiBaacb Ha runoTe3e KHo6aoxa o ^opMupoBaHuu cuHryaaTuBoB c ^TUM cy^uKcoM (cm. TaMK-peaug3e, MBaHoB 1984, 283), geaaeT ageKBaTHoe 3aKaroHeHue u KoHcTaTupyeT nepBuH-HocTb TaKon ^yH^uu. CaM cy^uKc BbiBoguTca u3 geTepMuHaTuBa ME *-k/ek-, ceMaH-TuHecKaa pa3HoBugHocTb KoToporo go cux nop aBaaeTca noaHocTbro He BbiacHeHHon (cp. Benveniste 1984, 150). He craBA nog coMHeHue npegnoao®eHue KHo6aoxa [cBA3aHHoe c geTepMuHa-^HOHHHMu npo^ccaMu ceMaHTuKu nomina collectiva], mo®ho peKoHcTpyupoBaTb u gpyrue nogTunbi ceMaHTuHecKon Koppeaa^uu gaHHoro caoBoo6pa3oBaTeabHoro Tuna, ocHoBHBaacb Ha gaHHHx ME a3hkob: 1) ag^eKTHBa^HOHHMH (cy^^. *-ko-)38: gp. uHg. ânta-ka-h „ry6a^uM, yHuHTo®a-ffi^HM, y6uBaro^un ^nuTeT Sm^i), nocaegHun" gp. uHg. ântah (masc.; neutr.) „KoHe^ Kpan, rpaHu^, npegea; cMepTb, ru6eab"; gp. uHg. san-ukâ- (RV.) „®agHbiM MoauTB" gp. uHg. san- „go6uTbca, noayHuTb, (o)gapuTb" (nogpo6Hee cm. Macdonell 1910, 120) u gp. (cp. Brugmann 1903, 32739; Macdonell op.cit. 137; Mene 1914, 239; IEW 48; Bappoy 1976, 186); cy6cTaHTHBa^HOHHMH (cp. Brugmann 1903, 340): nomen proprium gp. uHg. Boo6pa3oBaTenbHbie cooTBeTcTBua mo®ho HaMTM b naMATHMKax npyccKoro a3biKa, cp. npycc. wissaseydis „BTopHMK" E 19 M gp. 37 A6cop6^ua coraacHoro, raacHoro uau Bcero caora oco6eHHo HacTo BcTpeHaeTca b a3biKax BocToHHo-6aa-tumckom rpynnbi, cp. auT. gyvena „o6pa3 ®u3Hu" (LE XIV 222) - gyvenà „®u3Hb, cy^ecTBoBaHue" A1883,15, BŽ142, Ll, Rt, J, Žem; „o6pa3 ®u3Hu, cocToaHue" Vdk, Up, Pvn, J; „onucaHue ®u3HeHHoro nyTu, 6uorpa-^ua" rš (LKŽ III 370) < gyve-nse-na, e^ë cp. arm. tùma Ëvele (268) < tu-vu-ma (6oabme npuMepoB cm. Endzelïns 1951, 154 g.; Zinkevičius 1966, 124 T.g.). Caegbi TaKoro ^oHeTuHecKoro u3MeHeHua BcTpeHaroTca u b a3wkobom 3oHe 3anagHwx 6aaTOB, cp. npycc. aclocordo „leitseyl (Leitseil)" E 313 < *a-r-klakarda (PEŽ I 61), npycc. geytko „xae6" GrA 12, gaytko GrF 5, geitka GrG 16 „t.®." < *geit-i-ka „xae6ymeK" (PEŽ I 342), npycc. malnijks „pe6ëHoK" III 11523 [7132] < npycc. *mal-de-nikas „t.®." (PEŽ III 107), npycc. gertoanax „acTpe6" E 713 < *gerta-v-anags (PEŽ I 357) u gp. (e^ë cm. Trautmann 1910, 182). AHaau3upya npuHuHbi a6cop6^uu caoroBoro -va-, Hy®Ho oTMeTuTb, hto ux He caegoBaao 6bi cBa3biBaTb c ^eHoMeHoM Ta6y, nocKoabKy gaHHoe uma 6o®ecTBa aBaaeTca ^B^eMM3MOM, oho Mo®eT 6biTb o6tacHeHo KaK ^^MTeT 6ora. CaoBo, Mop^oaoruHecKaa cTpyKTypa KoToporo nogBepraacb BauaHuro ^eHoMeHa Ta6y, HacTo u3MeHaeTca go noaHoro HecooTBeTcTBua u3HaHaabHon ^opMbi (cp. Kregždys 2008a, 85 [16 cHocKy]), a y6biBaHue ToabKo ogHoro ero KoMnoHeHTa TaKoro u3MeHeHua He o6ycaaBauBaeT. 38 A. MaKgoHeaa (Macdonell 1910, 137, 152) BbicKa3aa npegnoao®eHue o tom, hto cy^^. -ka b gpeBHeuH-guncKoM a3WKe ynoTpe6aaaca gaa o6pa3oBaHua oTHocuTeabHbix npuaaraTeabHbix, o3HaHaro^ux npu3HaK gpyroro npegMeTa, cBoncTBa uau gencTBua. C TeHeHueM BpeMeHu ceMaHTuHecKaa oco6eHHocTb aToro cy^-^uKca 6biaa yTpaHeHa, cp. gp. uHg. vamra-kâ- „MypaBen" « gp. uHg. vamrâ- „t.®.". M3-3a caumKoM HenpuMeTHoro ceMaHTuHecKoro npu3HaKa [no caoBoo6pa3oBaTeabHon TepMuHoaoruu -naeoHacTuHecKoro] stot caoBoo6pa3oBaTeabHbm nogTun 6bia cooTHecëH c ^opMupoBaHueM uMëH cy^ec-TBuTeabHwx, TaK®e um cTaau o6o3HaHaTb geMuHyTuBHbin npu3HaK. noaToMy ag^eKTUBa^uoHHyro ^yHK-^uK> g. PaHy (Renou 1930 (I), 210) pac^HuBaa KaK HoBmecTBo u no npoucxo®geHuro BTopuHHyro. 39 Hy®Ho oTMeTuTb, hto BpyrMaHH (Brugmannas 1903, 326) ag^eKTUBa^uoHHyro, geMuHyTuBHyro, geTepuo-TuBHyro u runoKopucTuHecKyro ^yHK^uu He aHaau3upoBaa, 6epa 3a ocHoBy TeMnopaabHbin acneKT, a u3t-acHaa ux KaK caMocToaTeabHwe u no oTHomeHuro caoBoo6pa3oBaHua ugeHTuHHwe. peru-ká- (RV.) u.n. gp. uHg. perú- „npoxoga^uñ mumo"40 (cp. nomen proprium gp. nepc. aršaka gp. nepc. *arša- „caMe^' (Weissbach 1911, 130)); u.n. av. fratara- „othuh-hhh, nogroToBuBmuñca" M.c. (b apaMencxoM nanupyce ^He^aHTUHa) frtrk, frataraka „Bo^gb, HananbHMK" (cp. Meillet 1931, 158 g.); c.ch. novakb „hobuhok", gp. rp. vépa^ „roHoma" ^ vspo- „hobhm" + cy^. *-ko- (cp. IEW 769; Frisk II 306), cp. (npou3BogHoe chobo c cy^. -uka-) hut. raudukas „KoHb KopuHHeBoro ^eTa" Krž ^ u.n. hut. raüdas „KpacHo-KopMHHeBHM [= KamTaHoBbin] (o pac^eTKe Homagen)" Kvd, Ms, Slnt, J I108 (Büga I 479, II 480); - cMemeHMe o6eux stmx ^yH^uñ b cHoBoo6pa3oBaTeHbHon cucreMe (u b nna-He Mop^onorunecKoM, u ceMaHTUHecKoM) ogHon HeKceMH npocne^uBaeTca b u.c. av. gaušaka „nogHuHeHHbm" [> nexH. niyösay, niyösay „cnymaTenb"], T.e. „tot, kotophm ko-My-Hu6o nogHuHaeTca" < u.n. *„6guTeHbHo cnymaro^uö, nogHuHaro^uöca u T.n." av. gauša „yxo", xoTa cnegyeT uMeTb b Bugy, hto ceMaHTuHecKaa KoppeHa^a cy^. -ka- b upaHcKux a3HKax oco6o 3aTpygHeHa u Hacro He noggaeTca o6,bacHeHuro (cp. Meillet ibd.), HaT. senex „crapuK" < *sen-(i // o) -k-s „cTapbiö" [aTeMaTunecKun cy^uKc, cp. Bappoy ibd.] < ME *sénos „crapbrä" (Walde 1938, 513 g.); 2) npMra^aTenbHMH (nocceccuBHbrn)41: gp. uHg. vadhá „pa3pymuTeHb, yHuHTo-^uTenb" ^ gp. uHg. vádh-a-ka- „cTpena (ynoTpe6HaeMaa Ha BonHe)" (AV. - Macdonell op.cit. 110) [^ *„HMero^HH y6uBaro^ue crpeHbi"] ^ gp. uHg. vadhaka „y6u^a, nanan"; gp. uHg. rüpá- „^opMa, BHemHocTb, KpacoTa u gp." ^ gp. uHg. rüpa-ka- (AV.) „MMero^MH onpegeneHHyro ^opMy" (cp. Macdonell op.cit. 88); gp. uHg. sana „gocTu^eHue, nony-HeHue" ^ gp. uHg. sanaká- „cTapbin; Mygpe^' [< *„HMero^HH gocru:«eHua, Harpagbi u T.n."]; gp. uHg. tvám „th" ^ yusmä-ka- „Barn" (gen. pl.); gp. uHg. mádhu- (neutr.) „cnagKun HanuToK, -aa nu^a; Meg; mohoko; HeKTap; HanuToK comh" ^ gp. uHg. madh üka- (masc.) „nnena; Bassia latifolia (Ha3BaHue gepeBa)"42, T.e. o6ycHaBHuBaeTca ceMaHTuHecKaa ^yH^ua o6^eKTa u ero o6nagaTenfl - *„tot, KoTopoMy npuHagne^uT Meg" [Mañpxo^ep (Mayrhofer II 572) cnoBoo6pa3oBaHue stom ^opMbi ocraBHaeT HeBbiac-HeHHon, xoTa u yKa3HBaeT, BonpeKu HaTepg^u (Chatterji), hto sto chobo no cBoeMy npoucxo^geHuro npuHagne^uT ME HeKcuHecKoMy nnacTy], cp. gp. uHg. madhu-lih „(u.n.) cHu3HBaro^uö HeKTap; (masc.) nnena" - gp. rp. ^¿Äiaaa „nHena" < ^sAi-Ai^-ia, T.e. HeHb3a peKoHcTpyupoBaTb ag'beKTuBa^oHHyro cHoBoo6pa3oBaTeHbHyro MogeHb pe^neKTupyro^yro ^opMy *„cHageHbKaa, cnagocTu" (KaK sto nbiTaeTca genaTb Manp-xo^ep (ibd.)), nocKoHbKy Mano BepoaTHo, hto Korga-To Morna cy^ecreoBaTb ceMacu-onoruHecKaa nocnegoBaTenbHocrb Me^gy „Ta, KoTopaa cHagKaa" u o6^eKToM, u3-3a KaHecTBeHHon oco6eHHocTu KoToporo en 6hho 6h npucBoeHo 3HaHeHue gaHHoro o6,b- 40 no-gpyroMy ^Ty ^opMy uHTepnpeTupyeT - npaBga, coMHeBaacb - MaKgoHeHH (Macdonell op.cit. 110): gp. uHg. per-uká- (RV.). 41 3gecb yMHmaeHHo ynoTpe6HaeTca ^T0T TepMuH, nocKoHbKy HauMeHoBaHue cuHryHaTuBHocTu, KoTopon npugep^MBaeTca AM6pa3ac, gHa onpegeHeHua gaHHbix npuMepoB aBHo He nogxoguT. 42 C. AM6pa3ac (Ambrazas 1993, 140), ccbiHaacb Ha Teopuro BpyrMaHHa, npuHucaaeT ^Ty HeKcuKo-ceMaHTu-HecKyro napy k caoBoo6pa3oBaTeabHHM ^opMaM c cy^^. hut. -ükas („npucoeguHaeMoMy k goaroMy rHac-HoMy ochobh cHoBa"). Ha caMoM gene, b gp. uHg. madhüka- -ü- aBHaeTca ygHuHeHHHM rHacHHM, cp. gp. uHg. madhuka- (Mayrhofer II 572). TaK^e Heo6xoguMo oTMeTuTb, hto ^T0 pe^HeKcua nepBuHHoro cy6cTaHTuBa ME *medhu „Meg" (Brugmann 1903, 355; Mayrhofer II 570 T.g.; IEW 707), a He cy6cTaHTMBa^M0HH0e HoBoo6pa3oBaHue (cp. u.n. gp. uHg. mádhus (masc.; fem.), mádhu (neutr.) „cHagKun"). TaKaa goragKa nogTBep^gaeTca u Teopuen o bo3mo®hom MHTep^peTa^MM gaHHoro cHoBa KaK 3auMcTBoBaHua u3 ceMuTcKux a3HKoB (cp. PEŽ III 118). eKTa, T.e. cbomctbo cnagocTu - OHeBugHO, hto sto He cooTBeTCTByeT MCTMHe: nHe,a He aB,aeTca CnaflKOM M COOTBeTCTBeHHO OHa He M0»eT 6biTb COOTHOCMMa c MëgOM, KaK cocraBnaro^aa HacTb SToro noHaTua, cp. y»e ynoMaHyTbiö gp. uHg. madhu-lih „(u.n.) cnM3HBaro^MM HeKTap; (masc.) mena". He06x0guM0 nogHepKHyTb, hto 3Ta ^yH^ua cy^^MKca aB,aeTca nepBMHHOM, a TaKue c,0B006pa30BaTenbHbie ^opMbi y»e b TeKcTax Beg BcTpeHaeTca BecbMa pegKO (cp. E,u3apeHK0Ba 1982, 166). CxogHyro c,0B006pa30-BaTenbHyro u ceMaHTuHecKyro Mogenb pe^neKTupyeT npycc. lonix „6hk" E 671 < npycc. *läm „caMKa 0,eHa" + cyfofo. -ko- „(caMeu) oneHb", T.e. „tot, K0T0p0My npuHagne»uT caMKa oneHH" [uHaHe o6,bacHaeT Ma»ronuc (PEZ III 79)], TaK»e npycc. wosux „K03ë," E 675, go cux nop o6,bacHaeM KaK npycc. *(v)äzukas *„ko3,tchok" < npycc. *(v)äze „K03a" + cy^^. *-uk- (PEZ IV 265). C TaKUM to,kobaHueM Ma»ronuca coraacuTbca He,b3a, noc-KonbKy „K03ën" He aB,aeTca „ko3,tohkom" [3gecb yMecTHO ynoMHHyTb u npuBoguMbiö Ma»ronucoM Mu^onorunecKun apryMeHT, KOTopbiö He cooTBeTcTByeT ero »e Teopuu, nocKonbKy no gaHHHM nucbMeHHbix uctohhukob b »epTBy 6oraM npuHocunca B3poc-,biM K03ën, a He ManeHbKuö K03,ëH0K (cp. BRMS II 147 g.)]43. üosTOMy ycMaTpuBaTb b stom cnoBe geMuHyTuBHbiö cy^uKc He npuxoguTca. Cn0B0, HaBepHoe, pe^neKTupyeT OHeHb cTapoe 3HaHeHue cy^^uKca -uk-, KOTopoe, KaK y»e ynoMuHanocb Bbime, He 0Tc,e»uBaeTca ga»e b TeKcTax PurBegH (cp. Enu3apeHK0Ba ibd.). B cbh3u c stum mo»ho cgenaTb ocTopo»Hoe npegnono»eHue o bo3mo»hom ugeH-tuhhom ceMaHTunecKOM cbh3u Me»gy npycc. wosux „K03ën" ^ npycc. *(v)äze „K03a" u gp. uHg. mâdhu- (neutr.) „Mëg" ^ gp. uHg. madhüka- „nnena" [ *kurvus. no stom npuguHe, TaKyro MeHy rnacHoro Hy^Ho o6^acHHTb He KaK pe^neKc SKcTpanuHrBucTugecKoro ^eHoMeHa, a KaK guaneKTu3M, coothocumhm c fooHeTugecKuMu u3MeHeHuflMu na6flTcKoro Hape-gufl. 3gecb Heo6xoguMo ynoMflHyTb, gTo, ocHoBHBaflcb Ha neKcugecKux u bo3mo^hhx Mu^onorugecKux cooTBeTcTBuflx y HapogoB BocTogHo-6anTuMcKoM h3hkobom BeTBu, mo^ho npuBecTu npegnono^eHue o cy^ecreoBaHuu uMeHu aHanu3upyeMoro 6o^ecT-Ba HecKonbKo gpyron cnoBoo6pa3yro^eM ^opMbi, T.e. *karvas [cm. ganbme]. O tom, gTo BHme u3no:«eHHbie goragKu He flBnflroTcfl numb goragKaMu Ha ru-noTeTugecKoM ypoBHe, cBugeTenbcTByroT BocTogHo-6anTuMcKue KynbTypHbie 3auMc-TBoBaHufl u3 3anagHo-6anTuMcKoro apeana. Hh ^acM^KMM b npou3BegeHuu De diis Samagitarum caeterorumque Sarmatarum et falsorum Christianorum (1582 r.) yTBep^-gaeT, gTo ^uTenu ^eManTuu noguTanu 6o^ecTBo Kurvvaiczin4S Eraiczin: „Sunt etiam 44 3tot To^oHMM, no-BuguMoMy, boshuk no aHa^o^MM co cxogHMMu no croBoo6pa3oBaTenbHoM Mogenu Ha-3BaHMflMM MecTHocTen, uMero^ux -as nocne ry6H^ix u 3agHeHe6H^ix cornacHMx, nocKonbKy TaKoe M3MeHe-Hue He uMeno MecTa nocne coHaHToB. 45 P. Eancuc (Balsys 2006, 179) npegnaraeT guTaTb ^TOT TeoHuM KaK Kurvaitis. Bce-TaKu TaKoe npegno^eHue Heo6xoguMo gononHuTb nuHrBucTugecKoM ap^yMeHTa^MeM, nocKonbKy ogHoro yTBep^geHua „uMeHHo TaK cnegoBano 6h BoccTaHaBnuBaTb H. gacM^KMM ynoMuHaeMoe uMa 6ora arHST" (Balsys ibd.) He gocTaTogHo. OoHonorugecKun aHanu3 TeoHuMa cnoco6cTBoBan 6h u nogTBep^geHuro apeanbHoro pacnpocTpaHeHufl uMeHu 6o®ecTBa, nocKonbKy caMo no ce6e npegcTaBneHHoe gacM^KMM uMa He Mo^eT 6wTb guTaeMo KaK / Kurvaitis/. Cnegya rpa^uKe TeoHuMa, ero cnegoBano 6h npou3HocuTb /Kurvaicin/, T.e. BoccTaHoBuMo umh quœdam veteres Nobilium familiœ, quœ peculiares colunt deos. vt Mikutiana Simonaitem, Michelouiciana Sidzium, Schemietiana & Kiesgaliana Ventis Rekicziouum, aliœ alios. Kurvvaiczin Eraiczin agnellorum eft deus; <...>" (Lasickis 1969, 40; e^ë cm. BRMŠ II 581), T.e. „EcTb gpeBHue 3HaTHwe ceMbu, nowraBmue ocoÖeHHwx cboux ÖoroB, Hanpu-Mep, MuKynan htat CuMOHanTuca, MuKenaBunu - Cug3uca, ffieMeTW u KacTrannw - BeHTuca PeKunoHuca; y gpyrux ceMen ecTb uHwe Öoru. KapBanTuc u 3panTuc ab-naroTca ÖoraMu arHAT <...>" (BRMŠ II 594)46. B nonb3y cpaBHeHua stux TeoHuMOB mo»ho npuBecTu rugpoHuM npyccKon ^utbw Kurve [HaBepHAKa npyccu3M] Gst. [HeM. Heinrichswalde - LE VII 38] < npycc. curwis „öwk" (Gerullis 1922, 77; cp. e^ë nuHr-BucTunecKu He MOTuBupoBaHHyro runoTe3y neTepanTuca - Pèteraitis 1992, 112), npo-ucxo»geHue KOToporo Öwno He acho A. BaHaracy (Vanagas 1970, 214). 3Hawr, mo»ho cgenaTb ocTopo»Hoe npegnono»eHue o tom, hto npycc. curwis „öwk" 3nbÖuHrcKoro cnoBapa Morno ynoTpeÖnaTbca He TonbKo b naMage, ho u b HagpyBe (!), a stot ^aKT HecoMHeHHo He TonbKo cBugeTenbcTBOBan Öw o cy^ecTBOBaHuu reHeTunecKon cba3u Me»gy TeoHuMOM npycc. Curche, cyÖcTaHTuBOM npycc. curwis „öwk" u MecTOM nonuTa-hua Öo»ecTBa - oho pacnpocrpaHaeTca Ha BecbMa oÖmupHyro TeppuTopuro npyccuu (!), ho u HanpaBneHuu KynbTypHwx 3auMcTBOBaHun, T.e. uma Öo»ecTBa Kurvvaiczin nuTOB^i Mornu nepeHATb ot npyccoB, cp. npyccKue TonoHuMw: Curwin, Curben 1405 (^onuaHT opgeHa Ne 103, cTp. 70v) (Gerullis op.cit. 77). OcHOBWBaacb Ha ^oHeTunecKux u3MeHeHuax TaBTocunnaÖuHecKoro cnora gaH-Horo TeoHuMa u Ha ero crpyKTypHOM coBnageHuu c npyccKuM SKBuBaneHTOM, mo»ho BwgBuHyTb runoTe3y o tom, hto b »eManTcKun guaneKT sto cnoBo nonano b coBceM gpyroM cnoBooÖpa3OBaTenbHOM oÖpa3e no cpaBHeHuro c npycc. Curche < *Kurva-ka-, cp. 3auMcTBOBaHue [e^ë cm. 45 cHocKy] nuT. kurvaičinas sm. IM 1864,9 = eraičinas, eraicynas „(bot.) Bug KopMOBon TpaBW KonocoBwx (Festuca)" DŽ; LBŽ, P, BŽ 310, Mt, 6ora Ha -iö- 0CH0By *Kurvaitls + cy((. -in- + okohm. -as — *Kurvaičinas, cp. (oHeTMMecKoe BbipaKeHMe a((pMKaTH [č] nyTëM co^eTaHMH 6yKB cz b 6o.ee no3gHeM nncbMeHH0M MCToMHMKe KeManTCKoro H3HKa „Ziwatas" (1759 r.; naMHTHMK ceBepHoro HapeMMH KeManTCKoro H3HKa) (cp. Girdenis, Girdeniené 1997, 20). TyT HyKHo oTMeTMTb, mto ynoTpe6.eHMe rpa(eM a((pMKaT BecbMa pa3HMTCH He To.bKo b pa6oTax Ke-ManTCKMx, ho m no.bCKMx aBTopoB (cp. Subačius 1996, 17, 25; Girdenis, Girdeniené op.cit. 38). MMeHHo KopHeBon raacHbin TeoHMMa HBCTByeT, mto c.obo b .mtobckmm h3hk nona.o M3 npyccKoro [06 3tom cBMgeTe.bCTByeT npncyTCTBMe KopHeBoro 3an.6a.T. *K-ur-v-, a He BocT.6a.T. Karv-], a He KypmcKoro apea.a, cp. TonoHMMH KypmcKon koch Carwaiten 1758, Karweiten 1870 m gp. (cp. Kiseliünaité 1999, 65). OcH0BHBaHCb Ha 3TMx gaHHbix, M0KH0 cge.aTb ocTopoKHoe npegno.oKeHMe o tom, mto ynoMMHaeMoe b Tpyge gacM^K0^0 6oKecTBo Kurvvaiczin Ha caM0M ge.e HB.HeTCH He ®eMaÖTCKMM 6oroM, a npyccKMM, T.e. oh go.KeH TpaKToBaTbCH KaK Ky.bTypHoe 3aMMCTB0BaHMe boctomhhx 6a.T0B. 46 no noBogy nepeBoga c .aTMHCKoro H3HKa, npegcTaB.eHHoro b BRMŠ, Heo6xogMMo e^ë pa3 noBTopMTb 3aMe^aHMe Ba.cnca (Balsys 2006, 179) o tom, mto c.oBocoMeTaHMe „Kurwaiczin Eraiczin agnellorum est deus" go.KHo nepeBogMTCH „KypBanTMc SpanTMc HB.HeTCH 6oroM HrHHT", a He TaK, KaK oho npegcTaB.eHo b nepeBoge Ba.KyHaca. 3to 3aMe^aHMe o^eHb BaKHo m g.H ycTaHoB.eHMH STMMonorMM TeoHMMa m B03M0KH0r0 cpaBHeHMH ero c .eKCMMecKMMM cooTBeTCTBMHMM gpyrux H3HK0B. nepeBog Ba.KyHaca M0KeT pa^eHMBaTbCH KaK MCKaKa-ro^nn nog.MHHHe (aKTH m nosTOMy go.KeH nogBeprHyTbCH Koppe^MM. npnxogMTCH coKa.eTb o tom, mto stot nepeBogMMK He To.bKo MCKa3M. ayTeHTMMHyro MH((opMa^MK> gacM^K0^0 - cp. ero nepeBog „Bor Tavalas (Tawals) - gocTaBMTe.b 6.arMx yc.yr" (BRMŠ II 594), xoth ^acM^KMM nnmeT o „auctor facultatum", T.e. „6ore HacnegyeMoro CKap6a Tavvals" -, ho m MeHHeT (oHeTMMecKyro cTpyKTypy MMëH 6oKecTB. TaKyro ^03M^Mro Ba.KyHaca He.b3H HMMeM onpaBgaTb, nocKo.bKy TpaHC^03M^MH Kurwaiczin b Karvaitis HeB03-M0KHa M3-3a (opMa.bHHx npMMMH - .MHrBMCTMMeCK0r0 060CH0BaHMH: nuT. -ar- B ®eMaMTCKMX roBopax He nepexoguT b -ur- (cp. Grinaveckis 1973, 221; Zinkevičius 1966, 102). J. Krišč, P. Snar, rš. (LKŽ)47, T.e. npou3BogHaa ^opMa c cy^^. -ait-, o6ycnoBuBmaa B03-hukhobeHue nuT. *Kurv-ait-is, gen. *Kurvaičio - uMeHHo ^opMa gen. sg. M0®eT 6biTb conocTaBMMa c yn0MuHaeM0M ^acuuKMM, T.e. c a^^puKaTon (!), cp. [no noBogy ^neK-cuu] TeoHMM npycc. Bangputtis „6or BeTpoB u BonH" (PEŽ I 133), nuT. bangpütys „6or Bog, MopcKoM BeTep" (LKŽ), o6ycnoBuBmuö boct. 6anT. [3auMcTBoBaHue] *Kurvaitis < npycc. *Kurvaitis [u3-3a npycc. *-as > -is (cp. Kaukiene 1999, 21)]. no SToMy mo^ho peKoHcTpyupoBaTb npycc. *Kurvaitas [c cy^. -ait-], Mop^ono-runecKu cxogHoro c TeoHuMaMu npycc. Puschayts, Puschkayts (nogpo6Hee cm. Kregždys 2008, 57), cy^^uKc KoTopbix Bbipa®an ceMaHTunecKyro ^yHKuuro o6nagaTena npu3HaKa [a ceMaHTunecKon BaneHTHocru cy^^uKca npycc. -ait- nogpo6Hee cm. Kregždys ibd. (27 cHocKy); 2008 , 88], T.e. mo^ho peKoHcTpyupoBaTb npoToceMeMy *„6or poraToro cko-Ta = tot, KoMy npuHagne®aT porarae (®uB0THbie)", cp. ^yHKuuro 6o®ecTBa Karwaitis „6or TenaT", yKa3biBaeMyro üpeTopueM (BRMŠ III 261), KoTopaa ceMaHTunecKu oneHb 6nu3Ka u ga®e ugernuHHa peK0Hcrpyup0BaHH0M ^yHKuuu npycc. Curche *„6or poraToro cKoTa". KypBaftnuHa ^acuuKoro c npycc. curwis „6hk" oneHb ygarao conocTaBun Bancuc (Balsys 2006, 180), ycTaH0BuBmuö 3HaneHue „noKpoBuTenb porarax (BuguMo, 6ygy^ux 6apaHoB), arHaT". ^To 3HaneHue, npuHuMaa bo BHuMaHue gaHHbie Mop^o-norunecKoro aHanu3a, Hy®H0 KoppeKTupoBaTb, ho oho 6nu3Ko k y®e peK0HcTpyup0-BaHHoMy. K co®aneHuro, apryMeHTupoBaTb STy runoTe3y KynbroBbiMu cooTBeTcTBuaMu He npuxoguTca u3-3a oTcyTcTBua TaKux gaHHbix b npou3BegeHuu ^acuuKoro (Balsys op.cit. 153)48. OcHoBbiBaacb Ha cpaBHeHuu stux gByx 6o®ecTB [npycc. *Kurv-ait-is u 3auMcTB0-BaHua u3 guaneKTHoM 30Hbi Ha rpaHuue c npyccueö guan. nuT. Kurwaiczin], mo^ho ot-BeprHyTb yTBep®geHue o aKo6bi coBepmeHHoö ^acuuKuM op^orpa^unecKoö omu6Ke, T.e. -a- 3anucb nepe3 -u- (cp. Jaskiewicz 1952, 87; Lasickis 1969, 78), u6o ^opMa c KopHe-bhm -u- aBnaeTca nognuHHoM, pe^neKTupyro^eö cTapoe 3auMcTBoBaHue u3 npyccKoro a3HKa. 3gecb Heo6xoguMo oroBopuTb u B03M0®H0e cy^ecTBoBaHue nMTOBCKoro 6ora *Karvaitis, K0T0pbiö He ynoMuHaeTca b nucbMeHHbix ucTo^HuKax [mo^ho numb yno-MaHyTb Mu^onorunecKuM motub üpeTopua - Karwaitis „6or TenaT" (BRMŠ III 261); o npo6neMe HauuoHanbHoö npuHagne®HocTu KynbrypHbix motubob u nneMeHHoö cTpyK-Type npyccuu cm. 60 cHocKy], ho ero uMa Morno yneneTb b Ha3BaHuu nene6Horo pac-TeHua: guan. nuT. karvattis ,,Kany®Huua" Vlk, Mrk, Nmn: Karvaičiai geltoni, prišutinus duodamigert nuogzapalenios LTR (Vrn) (LKŽ), T.e. „(oTBap) ®enT0M Kany®Huubi gaeT-ca ot BocnaneHua". ^To Ha3BaHue neKapcraeHHoß TpaBbi runoTeTunecKu M0®eT pe^neKTupoBaTb Ta-Kyro ceMacuonorunecKyro nocnegoBaTenbHocTb u cBa3b c Mu^onoreMoö nuT. *Karvaitis 47 SpaM^uHW (Festucetum sabulosae, Hieracio-Festucetum arenariae ir kt.) cemac Ha no6epe®be B3Mopba guTBbi o^eHb pegKu, ^0^T0My oxpaHaeMbi (Balevičiene 1995, 52 g.). 48 O BTopoM uMeHu Eraiczin Hy®Ho ynoMaHyTb, mto ^T0T TeoHuM, no-BuguMoMy, gon®eH ucTonKoBbiBaTbcfl KaK ®eMaMTcKoe cooTBeTcTBue npyccKoMy, cp. nuT. eraitis „arHeHoK" Plt, S. Dauk., M. Valanč., I. Simon. (LKŽ II 1138) - cnoBo ynoTpe6naeTca MCKnroMMTenbH0 b ^eMaMTuu (!) ^ nuT. eras „arHeHoK" Lnkv, C II 184, K II 3, Ns 1851, 1 (LKŽ ibd.), nocKonbKy ero Henb3a HanpaMyro conocTaBnaTb c npou3BogHbiM cnoBoM gpyroro Tuna npycc. eristian „t.®." E 681 < npycc. *iera- „t.®." (PEŽ I 284). ^0^T0My mo^ho BbigBuHyTb runoTe3y o BBegeHuu ®eMaMTaMu b neKcu^ecKufi cocTaB HoBoro cnoBa BMecTo npyccKoro 3aMMCTB0BaHMa KypBaMTuc, 3Ha^eHue KoToporo gna Hux, no-BuguMoMy, 6bino He acHoe - ^TM uMeHa 6ora ohu gon®Hbi 6wnu ynoTpe6naTb cMe®eHo. 1 Kapma „ApeanbHoepacnpocmpamHue num. kurvaicinas = eraicinas, eraicynas // num. karvaitis": 6enuü mpey^onbHUK oöo3Hanaem num. kurvaicinas = eraicinas, nepHMÜ - lie. karvaitis. (cp. Jaskiewicz op.cit. 87): „6or poraTbix" — „tot, kto 3a6oTuTcH o 3gopoBbe [poraTo-ro] cKoTa - ero nonenuTeHb" — ,,^He6Hoe cpegcTBo ot xBopu (BocnaHeHuH)" — hut. karvaitis „(6ot.) KaHy:«Hu^", Ha3BaHue KoToporo reHeranecKu cBH3aH0 c 3auMcTB0Ba-hmhmh M3 npyccKoro H3biKa. Cmhch BHgBM^eHMH TaKoö runoTe3bi mo^ho onpegeHuTb ^enaHMeM peKoHcTpy-upoBaTb Bce6anTHÖcKoe nowraHue gaHHoro 6o^ecTBa, nocKoHbKy ero KyHbT pe^HeK-TupyeTcH He ToHbKo b HuHraucTunecKoM u KyHbTypHoM HacHeguu npyccoB u hutob^b, ho u Kypmeö, b MecTax npo^uBaHua KoTopbix ocTanucb Bo3Mo«HHe penuKTH ero noK-HoHeHuH - Ha KypmcKoö Koce Korga-To 6hhu noceHeHuH Carwaiten 1758, Karweiten 1870 u gp., npuHUHy bo3hukhobeHUH Ha3BaHuö KoTopbix go cux nop hukto TaK u He onpegenun (cp. Kiseliünaite 1999, 65 T.g.). DiaBHbiM npenHTcTBueM cooTHeceHuH ^TUx TonoHuMoB c hut. kärve „KopoBa" HBHHeTcH tot ^aKT, hto Ha ^T0M TeppuTopuu HeB03-mo^ho cogep^aTb KopoB (Kiseliünaite ibd.). nOT0My mo^ho npegnono^uTb, hto Kyp-mu, KaK u ocranbHbie 6aHTbi, nowraHu Toro ^e caMoro 6ora poraToro cKoTa - o KaK0M-to oö^em npa3ghmke bcex öamob, bo BpeMH KoToporo b ^epTBy npuHocuHcH tenehok (!), ynoMuHaeTcH b conuHeHuu CrpbiMKoBcKoro (BRMS II 548). Cbh3u c BHgBu^eHueM ^T0H goragKu, mo^ho npegycMoTpeTb B03M0ÄH0cTb Kypm. Carwaiten 1758, Karweiten 1870 u gp. cnuTaTb KyHbToBbiMu MecTaMu 6ora *Karvaitis. Bce-TaKu no^Tu HeB03M0ÄH0 HaÖTu Hen0K0He6uMbie goKa3aTeHbcTBa gHH nog-TBep^geHuH cy^ecTBoBaHuH 6o^ecTBa hut. *Karvaitis. Mo^eT 6biTb, hto ^T0 umh 6ora npegcTaBHHeT co6oö Humb agam^uoHHbie u3MeHeHuH 3auMcTBoBaHHoro cH0Ba [*kurv- > *karv-], T.e. ^oHeranecKue u3MeHeHuH no3gHero nepuoga, He o6ycHaBHuBa-ro^ue peKoHcrpy^uu BocTOHHo-6aHTuMcKoro ^KBUBaHeHTa npyccKoMy, xoth apeaHb-HaH ero pacnpocTpaHeHHocTb - hut. karvaitis „(6ot.) KaHy^HU^a" Vlk, Mrk, Nmn, LTR (Vrn) (LKZ) oTMenaeTCH b roBopax k«hhx ayKmTaÖToB ^utbh - cBugeTeHbcTByeT o o6paTHoM, T.e. o bo3moähom pe^HeKcuu KyHbTa gaHHoro 6o^ecTBa, b to BpeMH KaK hut. kurvaicinas sm. IM 1864,9 [Sll - ^eMaÖTuH] goH«eH pac^HuBaTbcH KaK 3auMcTB0Ba-Hue u3 npyccKoro H3biKa, cp. ero ceMarnunecKue cooTBeTcTBuH b roBopax 3anagHbix u boctohhhx ayKmTaÖToB hut. eraicinas DZ; LBZ, P [Vc], eraicynas BZ310; Mt [Kp], J.Krisc [Stb], P.Snar [Svb] (LKZ) (cm. 1 KapTy). 3aKaHHuBaH ^TUM0H0^UHecKUM aHaHu3 npycc. Curche Hy^Ho a^eHTupoBaTb, hto ^uh. kurko, kurki „3hom gyx, gbHB0H, npuBugeHue, MegBegb, Bomb; ein böser Geist, Teufel, Gespenst, Bär, Laus" (Sabaliauskas op.cit. 120) [o B03HuKH0BeHuu ^KCTeHcuoHaHa gaHHbix ceMaHTeM cm. gaHbme], BuguMo, o6ycHaBHuBaro^ue npycc. *Kurkas, hbhhmtch Klaipeda Panevezys Kaunas Vilnius ▲ A A A ü BTopbiM BecKUM nogTBep:«geHMeM HanuHua TaKoro 6ora b naHTeoHe 6anTMMcKux 60-^ecTB. Mu$ono^u^ecKax munono^ux cemem „6uk"^ „öoMecmeoypoMax"^ „3noü dyx; dbxeon; npueudenue" ^ „medeedb" ^ „eoMb" Cnegya gaHHHM TeKcTonoruHecKoro u ^TMM0n0^MHecK0^0 aHanu3a ^yH^MM m TeoHMMa npycc. Curche, MO^eT noKa3aTbca, hto ^T0 60^ecTB0 HUKaK He cBa3aH0 c 3eM-negenueM, a T0nbK0 co cK0T0B0gcTB0M. TaK B03HMKna 6h HeK0T0paa HeyBa3Ka Me^gy gaHHOM MHTep^peTa^MeM u ^aKTonoruHecKMM MaTepuanoM eguHcTBeHHO gocTOBepHO-ro nucbMeHHoro ucTOHHMKa - XpucT6yprcKoro goroBopa 1249 r., nocKonbKy cpa3y ^e B03HMK 6h Bonpoc o TOM, 3aHeM neT0^Mce^ ynoTpe6un cnoBocoHeTaHue „y6paB ypo-^aö (collectis frugibus)", T.e. noHeMy oh a^eHTupyeT BpeMa y6opKM ypo^aa. Hy«H0 cpa3y nogHepKHyTb, hto geno o6ctomt HecK0nbK0 MHaHe. Mo^ho cpa3y BbigBMHyTb npegnono^eHue 0 tom, hto aHanu3upyeMoe 6o^ecTBö m eMy nocBH^ëHHHM npa3gHMK pe^neKTupyroT caMbie gpeBHue o6pagoBbie ^neMeHTH He T0nbK0 6anTMÖcKMx, ho m ME HapogoB, KOTopbie Mornu 6h 6biTb gaTupoBaHH TeM nepuogoM BpeMeHM, Korga Hamu npegKM cocTaBnanu oguH ME co^MyM. flna BHgBM^eHMH TaKOM npegnocbinKM apryMeHTOB 6onbme, HeM gocTaTOHHO. Ecnu HOBaa ^TMMono^Ma cnoBa aBnaeTca npaBunbHOM u aHanu3upyeMoe 60^ecTB0 mo-^eT 6HTb MHTepnpeTupoBaHO KaK „6or 6hkob [m gpyrux poraTHx]", b ero HecTb np0B0-guMHe o6pagbi mo^ho 6bino 6h cBa3HBaTb c y«e ynoMaHyTbiMM gpeBHeftmuMM o6h-HaaMM gpeBHMx rpeKOB, upaH^B, KenbTOB, repMaH^B u gp. HapogoB. O bo3mo^ho noxo^eM KynbTe ynoMMHaeTca b Tpyge MaHHxapgTa (Mannhardt 1936, 46 g.), rge yTBep^gaeTca, hto m repMaH^i, u cnaBaHe npugep^MBanucb o6biHaa M3r0T0BnaTb ugona 6ora nnogopogua U3 cotomm h^h gpeBecuHM [npoBegeHue TaKoro o6paga, no yTBep^geHuro caMoro MaHHxapgTa, oh Ha6nrogan b OKpyre rgaHbcKa, a pe-nuKTH gaHHoro npa3gHecTBa M3BecTHbi u b naMage (!) - oh ccbinaeTca Ha MH^opMa^MK KaTonuHecKoro cBa^eHHMKa, Ha6nrogaBmero HeHTO noxo^ee b 13 b.]. TonbKO ynoMMHa-eMoe mm 60^ecTB0 cooTHocunu He c 6hkom, a c neTyxoM, Kypu^M [ux MHorga (OHeHb pegKo) Mor M3o6pa^aTb nepeogeBmuMca HenoBeK]49. C TeHeHueM BpeMeHM, no cnoBaM MaHHxapgTa, ^T0^0 6ora cTanu HecTBOBaTb KaK 60^ecTB0 namHM u ypo^aMHocTM 3ep-hobhx, m TeM caMbiM OTO^gecTBnaTb c nocnegHMM cHonoM 3naK0Bbix. TaK B03HMKaeT Bonpoc, K0T0pHM He06x0guM0 geTanbHO uccnegoBaTb - oh aBnaeTca KaK 6h agpoM 06pag0B0M TpagM^MM noHMTaHua 6biKa KaK 6o^ecTBa nnogo-BMTOcTM ^TMX ^MBOTHbix ME HapOgaMM [0 ^KCTpanMH^BMCTMHeCKMX MO TUB ax gaHHOM npo6neMaTMKM nogpo6Hee cm. ^ypaBneB 2007, 102, 106] - KaKMM 06pa30M KynbT 6biKa conocTaBMM c noHecTAMM 6o^ecTBy 3eMnegenua? KpoMe Toro, Hy^HO MgeHTM^M^Mpo-BaTb M B0cT0HH0-6anTMMcKUx 60r0B, KOTOpHx MO^HO 6bM0 6bl OTO^gecTBnATb c npycc. Curche. PemeHue ^T0M npo6neMH cnegoBano 6h HaHaTb c pa3bacHeHua MaHHxapgTa, htö npycc. Curche ako6h aBnaeTca „60^ecTB0M nocnegHero cHona 3naK0Bbix". OcHOBbiBaacb Ha Bbime npegcTaBneHHOM aHanu3e, TaKoe nono^eHue gon^HO pac^HMBaTbca KpuTM- 49 Cp. o6pag, npoBoguBmuMca b ^eMafiTUM, bö BpeMA KöTöpörö, no cnöBaM Eanuca (LE XIII 394), U3 conoMH M3r0T0BflSflM HyHenö „Kypmuca", Hapa^aeMörö b My^cKyro öge^gy. Ohö 6hhö nepegaBaeMö 3aK0HHMBmu-MM MönöTb6y 3epHa unu MaTbë nbHa TöMy, kötöphm e^ë Tpygunca Hag stmmm pa6oTaMM. MecKM, ho oho BecbMa Ba^Ho gna ycTaHOBneHua uepapxuMecKOM cucTeMbi nuTOBcKoro naHTeoHa u reHeTMMecKux cBa3eö Me^gy 6oraMM boctomhhx m 3anagHbix 6anTOB. B nepByro oMepegb cnegoBano 6h o6^acHUTb: 1) KaK npycc. Curche „6or 6hkob" cBa3aH c TpagM^MeM noMMTaHua 6biKa, 6o^ecTBa nnogopogua, gpyrux ME HapogoB; 2) KaKue napannenu mo^ho npoBecTM Me^gy ^yH^uaMM ^T0^0 6ora u ^pyMeHTanbHbiM KynbTOM gpyrux ME HapogoB [boctomhhx 6anTOB, gpeBHux rpeKOB, upaH^B, repMaH-^b - b nucbMeHHHx ucTOMHMKax ceBepHbix repMaH^B ynoMUHaeTca o ^epTBonpuHo-meHMM 6biKa bo BpeMa ronoga u Heypo^aa (nogpo6Hee cm. Vries 1937, 99)]. PaccMaT-puBaa gaHHHe Bonpocbi Heo6xoguMo MMeTb b Bugy BecbMa apxaMMHHM KynbTypHHM acneKT - b gpeBHeömue BpeMeHa BcnaxuBaHue 3eMnu npoBogunocb He nomagbMM [ohm, BuguMo, 6binu npupyneHH no3^e, MeM 6hkm (cp. Tpy6aMeB 2003, 72) u oMeHb paHo co-oTHeceHH c BoeHHbiM genoM, T.e. ucnonb3OBanucb KaK cpegcTBo nepegBM^eHua bomhob Ha BOMHe u b pa3Horo poga nyTemecTBuax - Teönop 1897, 179; e^ë cp. KëMnep 1986, 87; Kropej 1998, 153, a 6hkm, Bnpa^ëHHHe b ynpa^KM, bohokhm Ta^ënyro BoeHHyro aMyHM^Mro, pa3Hyro Knagb u gp. - Teönop op.cit. 131, 234, 241, 243; Macqueen 1975, 97; Pbi6aKOB 1984, 6; Tpy6aMeB ibd.], a 6biKaMU50, cp. a6xa3. a-cwaywara, a6a^. jcwaywara „naxaTb" „6mk" + ??? KOMnoHeHT (cp. ^genbMaH 2007, 330) (cp. ^onbKnopHbiö MaTepuan 6anTOB - JBR II 49, III 501; ED 39 [20], 133 [205]; Ha 6biKax c gpeBHeömux BpeMëH naxanu u cnaBaHe - Pbi6aKOB 1981, 227, 519). B ^MTBe ^Ta TpagM^Ma npogep^anacb go BTopoM nonoBMHH 20 b. (nogpo6Hee cm. Merkienè 1993, 14). TaK mto He BO3HMKaeT HMKaKux coMHeHMM, mto nrogu Mornu cooTHecTM c «MBOTHHM gna BcnamKM u caMoe Ta^ënoe u TpygHoe 3aHaTue 3eMnegenb^ - BcnaxuBaHue noMBH. MMeHHo M3-3a co-npuKocHOBeHua c 3eMnëM 6hk - oh pa3pHBaeT noBepxHocTb noMBH, T.e. npoucxoguT npaMaa cBa3b c MaTepbro 3eMnëM -, Mor 6biTb oMeHb paHo geM^M^MpoBaH (3gecb k Mec-Ty ynoMaHyTb o6biHaö51 hmtob^b (Dulaitienè 1968, 199) u naTbimeö (Šmitas 2004, 61) 50 OcHoBbiBaacb Ha coo6^eHua repogoTa o6 o6pa3e ®m3hm cKM^oB-upaH^B KOMeBoro nepuoga, mo^ho ge-HaTb npegnoHo^eHue o ucnonb3OBaHMM 6hkob ME HapogaMM gna nepeBO3KM Ta^ënbix Be^efi [goMamHero o6uxoga] (nogpo6Hee cm. Pbi6aKOB 1984, 6). 51 STa TpagM^Ma 6epëT cbom mctokm b goucTopuMecKue BpeMeHa KynbTypHoro pa3BMTua ME HapogoB: b anoxy roMepa pora ^epTBeHHoro 6biKa no3onaMMBanMcb, a b no3gHMM nepuog yKpamanucb BeHKaMM m neHTaMM (cp. Guhl, Koner 1896, 471). YKpameHue KopoB rupnaHgaMM ^eTOB ^MTenaMM gpeBHeö EBponbi gaTupyeT-ca anoxoö paHHero HeonuTa (nogpo6Hee cm. Pbi6aKOB 1981, 156). Bo3HMKHOBeHue o6biMaa 6aHTOB nnecTM BeHKM, KOHeMHo runoTeTMMecKM, mo^ho 6bino 6h cBa3biBaTb c BBegëHHHM npegcTaBMTenaMM xpucTuaHcTBa Ta6y Ha gpeBHue npa3gHecTBa u a3braecKMe o6pagw, T.e. BMecTo M3roTOBHeHua ugona 6biKa - 3a TaKoe MeponpuaTue rpo3Mna cMepTHaa Ka3Hb - 6hh Bbi6paH 6onee HeMTpaHbHHM m He Hy^garo^ufica 6biTb ucnonHaeMHM ny6nMMHo cnoco6 noMMTaHua 6ora, T.e. caKpanu-3upoBaH oguH M3 aTpu6yTOB cBa^eHHoro 6biKa - BeHOK yKpamaBmuM ero pora, M3-3a Mero c TeMeHMeM Bpe-MeHM 6bina yTepaHa cMbicnoBaa cBa3b Me^gy mckohhhm pe^epeHTOM m ogHMM M3 ero aTpu6yTOB b nonb3y BToporo. TpagM^Ma nneTeHMa BeHKa cTana He TonbKo 6onee HeMTpanbHOM, ho m Mano cBa3aHHOM c gpeB-HMM KynbTOM 3ooMop^Horo 6o®ecTBa, nocKonbKy noMeHanca He TonbKo o6teKT noMMTaHua, ho m MecTo npoBegeHua npa3gHecTBa [BuguMo, M3-3a paHee ynoMaHyToro Ta6y] - KynbT Boo6pa®aeMoro 6o®ecTBa nnogopogua b Buge cHona 3naKOBbix mhm BeHKa M3 stmx ®e KonocbeB c MecTa co6paHua Bceö o6^mhh 6hh nepeHecëH b ®mhom goM KpecTbaHMHa [p^aHOM cHon npuHocunu b goM m cTaBMHM b yrny m36h, Ha3HBaa ero „rocTeM goMa"]. BeHOK M3 p^M mhm gpyrux 3naKOBbix [gaHHHe TonbKo M3 fflayKeHaö m nanune], none-Bbix ^BeT0B m p^aH^ix KonocbeB [gaHHHe M3 ^eMaÖTMM, 3anagHoö m boctomhom ^mtbh], p^aHHx Konocb-eB m ^eTOB nanucagHMKa [gaHHHe 3anagHOM m boctomhom ^mtbh] ^MTenaMM ^mtbh 6hh conocTaBnaeM c MecTonpe6bBaHueM 6o®ecTBa ypo^aa [„rocTa goMa"]. noxo^ue npa3gHecTBa npoBogunucb m b npyccuu, m b ^aTBMM (cp. Dundulienè 1963, 186 g.). flyHgynueHe (Dundulienè op.cit. 186) 6anTMMcKyro TpagM^Mro nneTeHua BeHKOB gaTMpyeT anoxofi HeonuTa, Korga stm nneMeHa y^e 3aHMManucb 3eMnegenueM. yKpamaTb ronoBH 6hkob u KopoB mpnaHgaMU ^BeT0B u BeHKaMu u3 6epë30BHx BeT0K [gepeBa gbaBona (BaHHuca) (!) - cp. Vèlius 1987, 73, 77]). M Bcë xe ^yH^ua 6oxecTBa ypoxaa He aBHaeTca nepBUMHon. üocne ogoMam-HuBaHua stux xubothhx MHgoeBpo^eM^aMM [stot npo^cc, no gaHHHM apxeonoru-MecKux pacKonoK, Haqanca c anoxu paHHero HeoHUTa - Tennop 1897, 59, 80, 87, 126, 152, 238; Phi6aK0B 1981, 178], BuguMo, BaxHeömeö ^HHocTbro gna Hamux npegKoB 6hma ux MHoronucneHHocTb (TeMHop op.cit. 151), T.e. ux ^yH^na nnogoBHTOCTH [cp. aK^HTupobaHue 6oHbmoro KopoBbero cTaga b o6pagoBon cucTeMe gpeBHHX mhamm-^b (TS I 7.6.7), MMero^ee npaMyro cBa3b c noMMTaHueM He6ecHHx Ten - cp. mh^ o noxu^eHUM KopoB MHgpH u cKa3aHue o cTage ymac [= nyqu Cohh^ (RV VII 75,7; 76,6; 77,2); Cohh^ (RV I 130,3)] (Kënnep 1986, 13 g., [oco6eHHo] 17, 54, 56 T.g., 67); noxu^e-Hue repMecoM cTaga 6hkob AnoHHoHa b rpenecKOH MM^onoruu (nogpo6Hee cm. Allen 1924, 43 - V 17 cTp.; Phi6aK0B 1981, 367) 52], a 0Ha HecoMHeHHo cooTHocuMa c 6hkom [mhm nHeMeHHHM 6hkom - TaK ,,caM^ KopoBH" MMeHyeT Maxronuc - PEŽ II 317 T.g.], cp. npeBpa^eHue 3eBca b 6hiKa [mhm ero npucHHKy mm] m MHTUMHyro cBa3b c EBponoM (nogpo6Hee cm. Tennop op.cit. 300) - KopHU SToro Mu^a, BuguMo, pe^neKTupyroT Bepo-BaHua gpeBHux myMepoB, reHeTUMecKM coothocmmhx c HyHapHHM KyHbToM [cp. EBpo-na = ^yHa (nogpo6Hee cm. CM 204), 0T0xgecTBHaeMaa c KopoBon - xmbothhm Comh, 6oroM ^yHH, cmmbohom m c hum coothocumhm xmbothhm (RV I 91,20), 03Hanaro^MM XM3HeHHyro cuHy (RV VI 28,6), 6oxecTBeHHyro cuHy MHgpH (RV VIII 4,9), MeguaTopa Mexgy MeH0BeK0M u MHgpon (RV IV 17,16 - nepeBog TeKcTa cm. Kënnep op.cit. 161; cne-gH paHHero ^opMupoBaHua TaKon ^yH^uu yxe moxho ycMoTpeTb b pocnucu ne^ep anoxu naneonuTa b EBpone u cnoco6e norpe6eHua MenoBeKa u 6hKa [qa^e Bcero - ero roHoBH] - nogpo6Hee cm. [m HMTepaTypy] Ph6aK0B 1981, 148, 172, 231, 254 t., 279) u gaxe BceneHHyro (AV X 10,30) u T.g.], KoTopaa go cux nop aBHaeTca noHHocTbro He bh-acHeHHoM (cm. CM 45, 259 g.) [u3-3a choxhoctm gaHHon npo6neMH eë ^necoo6pa3Ho uccHegoBaTb b 0TgeHbH0M nopagKe]. 3HaneHue KopoBH u 6hKa b 6hTy MenoBeKa nogqëpKMBaeTca u b cBa^ëHHoM nu-caHMM upaH^B - ABecTe (cp. Yasna 48,5). 3HaMMMocTb stux xubothhx cBoncTBeHHa u gna 6aHT0B - HaTHmu BepuHM, mto y gyxoB yMepmux ecTb cbom KopoBH (cp. Šmitas op.cit. 14, 88). üogTBepxgeHueM apxauMHocTM ^yH^uu nnogoBUTocm aBHaeTca o6h-Man ycHHoBHeHua y repMaHcKux nneMëH, UMero^UM npu3HaKM MHU^a^u: 0Te^ raaBa ceMbu, ycHHoBHaeMHM u Bce npegcTaBMTeHM ceMencTBa goHXHH 6hhm oguH 3a gpy-ruM o6yTb 6otmhkm, cmuTHe U3 koxm TpëxneTHero ÔMKa (Vries 1937, 39). ^T0T o6pag, n0-BuguM0My, cuMB0HM3up0BaH cyTb MyxcKoro Haqana u nnogoBUTocm [cp. cBage6-HHe o6hMau cnaBaH, K0T0pHe oToxgecTBnanu KopoBy u 6hKa c HeBecToM u M0H0gHM (MBaHoB, TonopoB 1974, 256)] - MM^onoruMecKUM o6pa3 6hKa b Tpagu^u gpeBHux UHguM^B Macro cooTHocuTca c poxgeHueM cHHa, T.e. npogonxaTena poga, cp. gp. MHg. Rudrah - 6hk, TBope^ Mupa (RV VI 49,10); 6oxecTBo, MMero^ee BHuaHue Ha poxgae-MocTb geTen (RV II 33,1) u gp. Heo6xoguMo ynoMaHyTb u tot ^aKT, mto nneMeHa rep-MaH^B geu^MKa^ro 6hKa cBa3HBanu c gencTBueM no3MTUBHHx cmh - gna hmx BugeTb 6hKa bo cHe o3Haqano ygaMy (cp. Vries op.cit. 352). 52 MHTepec BH3HBaeT tot ^aKT, mto b HaTBuficKofi MM^oHoruu KopoBH npuMucHaroTca k c^epe BHuaHua BeH-Hca (HTm. Veins), K0T0pHx y Hero yBëH ypaHucTMMecKoe 6oxecTBo flueBac (cp. Šmitas 2004, 167). TaK co BpeMeHeM ^T0 ^MBOTHoe npuo6peno caKpanbHbift o6nuK [cp. mh^ gpeB-HMX UHgUM^B O COnOCTaBMMOCTM COHHeHHOrO CBeTa M KOpOBbl - AV III 10,1; TS IV 3,11] - ot Hero 3aBuceno 6narononyHue Bcero nneMeHu, a no3^e m ceMeftcTBa: 6onb-moe crago KopoB ^ MHoro nH^n ^ 6narococToHHue (cp. raMKpenug3e, MBaHoB 1984, 572 T.g.; TonopoB 1993, 171), cp. mm^ gpeBHux uHguft^B o MaTepax [Bcex 6nar - P.K.] - KopoBax (RV I 92,1 [oco6eHHo 14]; cuMBon Bnacru npoToreneH - na6puc, KoTopbift M3o6pa^aeTca Me^gy 6biHbMMM poraMu (Vries 1935, 120), m othocmmh k ^T0My ^e cuMBonuKo-cMbicnoBoMy nnacTy nomina propria anaH^B Roap „hobh^mm KopoB" (5 b.h^.), Beorgos(-r) „uMero^uft MHoro KopoB" (cp. ffianomHMKoB 2007, 296). Oco6oe 3HaHeHue 6biKa b 6biTy MHgoeBponeft^B mo^ho apryMeHTupoBaTb m cno-co6om ycraHoBneHua ctommoctm Be^eft no Hucny 6hkob b uTanuftcKoft m rpeHecKoft TpagH^HH, Ha caMbix gpeBHux MoHeTax puMnaH M3o6pa:«ancfl 6hk, kotophm, no yT-Bep^geHuro Teftnopa (op.cit. 154), o3HaHan egMHM^y o6MeHa, a rpeKM TaKMM ^e caMHM cnoco6oM ycTaHaBnuBanu cTouMocTb pa6oB, 6htobom yTBapu, Harpag m gp. Be^eft. BuguMo, noxo^eft pac^HKu 6oraTcTBa npugep^uBanucb m apuft^i fleKaHcKoro nnoc-KoropbH (cp. RV I 92,7). ^TOMy 6ory, BuguMo, M3gaBHa npunucbiBanu ^yH^uu nnogoBMTocTM 6hkob m KopoB, 3a6oTH Hag ux 3gopoBbeM m T.n. - HecoMHeHHbiM nogTBep^geHueM TaKoft go-ragKM flBnaeTcfl ynoTpe6neHue b roBopax hutobckoto œbiKa y^e ynoMHHyToro Ha3Ba-hmh ^ne6Horo pacreHua, Mo^eT 6biTb, pe^neKTupyro^ero KynbT 6o^ecTBa *Karvaitis [o HëM nogpo6Hee cm. nogpa3gen Onucb apatfiunecKoû cmpyKmypu uuenu ÔGMecmBa. ^muMono^u^ecKuû ananu3 meonuua]. Bo3mo^ho, hto ^Ta caMaa gpeBHHa, T.e. nepBMH-Haa, ^yH^ua 6o^ecTBa oTpa^aeTca u b ceMaHTMKe uMeHu npycc. Curche „6or 6hkob". npaBga, b Mu^onoruHecKoM Hacneguu ME HapogoB o6Hapy^uBaroTca pe^neKcbi u e^ë ogHoft, oneHb Ba^Hoft ^yH^uu, cBA3aHHoft c BogHoft cTuxueft u cooTBeTcTBeHHo c y«e He pa3 ynoMHHyToM KynbTOM noHMTaHua nyHbi, KopHu KoToporo yxogaT bo BpeMeHa ME o6^hoctm. MHoroHucneHHbie cMbicnoBbie penuKTbi TaKoft ^yH^uu npegcTaBneHbi b PurBe-ge, rge yTBep^gaeTca, hto y BapyHM (Varuna), 6ora Bog, 6bino cTago KopoB, KoTopoe oh gep^an b ne^epe Ha gHe oKeaHa (Këftnep op.cit. 14). Oh 6bin He TonbKo xo3hmhom cko-Ta, ho m ero co3gaTeneM [cp. cBH3b ^T0^0 6ora c Comom, 6o^ecTBoM nyHbi, npu 6one3Hu KoToporo, cTanu goxHyTb u Bce ^MBoTHHe (nogpo6Hee cm. CM 170); ero aBaTapa - 6mk (RV IX 113,3), T.e. cecTpa hohm Ymac (RV IV 52,1) u meHa ïïyHbi (Pusan) (RV V 55) hb-naeTca npapoguTenbHu^ft KopoB [= poraToro cKoTa (!)](RV V 47,1)] (cp. 3ooMop^Hbift o6pa3 gbHBona (nuT. Vélnias) b o6^HKe 6MKa, goBonbHo HacToro b hmtobckom Mu^ono-ruu (JBR I 190 [2]); DSP 426 [415], 427 [426], 428 [440]); ynoMMHaHMe 6biKa co cranbHbi-mm poraMu, ^panaro^ero mmm Kpaa ne^epH, b cnaBHHcKux 6HnuHax (ffluHguH 1993, 115); e^ë cp. pyccKyro 3aragKy: Euk na ÔBope - poza na cmene = Mec^ (MonomHaa 1994, 240)). KopoBbi, BuguMo, oneHb paHo 6hhm caKpanu3upoBaHH, nocKonbKy apMM^H fleKaHcKoro nnocKoropbH Bepunu, hto Ha He6ecax TeKyT peKu MonoKa [TaK^e Mëga u comh] - npogyKT KopoB BapyHH (nogpo6Hee cm. Luders 1951, 10 g.; Škof 2002, 169). Cnegya ^T0My uccnegoBaHuro, mo^ho cgenaTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono^eHue o tom, hto Mu^onoreMa „mohoko" 6bna oHeHb Ba^Hoft u noBnuana Ha Bo3HMKHoBeHMe BTopuHHoro geHoTaTa „6or BogH" [cp. Ha3BaHue ogHoro M3 aTpu6yToB ymac - bhmh (RV I 92,4) - nogpo6Hee cm. Witzel 2005, 37], cuMBonu3upoBaBmero 6o^ecTBo b o6nuKe 6biKa b Mu^onoruHecKoft TpagM^MM MHorux ME HapogoB, xoth nepBUHHaa ero ^yHK- KaK y^e ynoMuHaaocb, 6biaa cBA3aHa c cnoco6Hocrbro ^T0^0 ^ubothoto npeyM-Ho^aTb noroaoBbe craga. C TeHeHueM BpeMeHu, npu nepexoge KoHeBoro o6pa3a ^m3hm b ocegabin, craau MeHHTbCH - ToHHee, 6biau gonoaHeHbi - u ^yH^uu 6o^ecTBa, TaK^e Ha au^ u noa-BMBmeecH HoBmecreo - conocraBaeHue 6ora 6hkob c xTOHMHecKMMM 6o^ecTBaMM (cp. BepoBaHue aaTbimen, hto oneKyHaMu KopoB flBaaroTcfl y«u (Šmitas op.cit. 62, 64)), xoTa u Ha ^TOM hobom ^Ta^e [arpapHbin nepuog] 6biau coxpaHeHbi u HeKoTopbie peauKTbi gpeBHenmero Mu^oaoruHecKoro naacTa, cp. cooTHeceHue MonoKa [a He xae6a, 3epHa u T.n. (!)] c numeft 6oroB - b hutobckom ^oabKaope yTBep^gaeTca, hto goMoBbie [= Hep-tu] „npu pBoTe u3BepraroT TBopor u Macao" (DSP 424 [386-8]), KoTopbie u ABanroTca ux numeft [apxauHHocTb ^T0^0 MoTuBa nogTBep^gaeTca gpyruMu o6pa3^Mu hutobckoto ^oabKaopa, ocHoBbiBaacb Ha KoTopbix, mo^ho yTBep^gaTb, hto HepTu nuTaaucb uc-KaroHuTeabHo motokom [npogyKT KoHeBoro nepuoga BpeMeHu - cp. ucKaroHuTeabHyro Ba^HocTb ero KaK raaBHoro aTpu6yTa KopoB, npucyrcTByromero b BeguftcKux TeKcTax (TS VII 5,18 u gp.; emë cm. Kënnep op.cit. 89)], a He xneôoM [nama ocegaoro uau arpap-Horo nepuoga]: „Naktigonis girdi artinantis šauksm^, vos pabèga. Palikt^ puod^ su duona randa sutrupint^" (DSP 425 [396]), T.e. „Hohhom nacTyx cnamuT HagBuraromuftcfl KpuK, egBa yHocuT Horu. OcTaBaeHHyro KpuHKy c xae6oM HaxoguT pa3gpo6aeHHyro", T.e. HëpT He ecT xae6, KaK HenpurogHyro numy, ^0^T0My pacranTbiBaeT ero, cp. o6pa3e^ Mu^o-aoruHecKoro naacTa y«e HaMHoro 6oaee no3gHero nepuoga [arpapHoro] - ynoMuHaHue o nuBe [u3roTaBauBaeMoM u3 3epHa (!)], KaK nuTba HepTen: „Vaikinai nusineša j karčem^ balt^ smèkl^, duoda jai gerti" (DSP 423 [369]; emë cm. DSP 426 [416]), T.e. „napHu npu-BoaaKuBaroT c co6oft b KopHMy npu3paK 6eaoro ^eTa, garoT eMy nuTb [BuguMo, nuBo - P.K.]"- TaK MeHoro Mu^oaoreM „MoaoKo" O „nuBo" cuMBoau3upyeTcfl oHeHb Ba^Haa nepeMeHa KyabTypHon ^u3Hu HeaoBeKa - nepexog ot KoHeBoro o6pa3a ^u3Hu k oceg-aoMy, o6ycaoBaeHHoMy pacnpocTpaHeHueM 3eMaegeaua ^to, BuguMo, o6meuHgoeBpo-neftcKaa TpagM^Mfl, nocKoabKy nuBo nuau u mBegcKue Tpoau (JBR I 201 [4])]. flo BpeMeHu cooTHeceHua 6ora 6hkob c 6o^ecTB0M nog3eMeaba, no-BuguMoMy, B03HuKaa u y«e ynoMHHyTaa ^yH^ua noKpoBuTeaa xopomero ypo^aa [He ToabKo 3aaK0Bbix, ho u gpyrux KyabTyp, a TaK^e oTpacaen npou3BogcTBa, cBA3aHHbix c npu-pogHHMu pecypcaMu, Hanp., nHeaoBogcTBa u gp.], K0T0paa aBaaeTca BTopuHHon, He-pe^aeKTupyeMon ceMaHTuKon TeoHuMa. PeauKTbi uMeHHo ^Toft ^yH^uu, KcTaTu, cMe-maHHHe c gpeBHeftmeft, T.e. noKpoBuTeaa poraToro cK0Ta, mo^ho oTcaeguTb b Mu^oao-ruHecKux ^^M3ogax o6pagoBoft cucreMbi hutob^b - c gaBHux BpeMëH ^uTeau ^utbh Haca^uBaau Hepen 6biKa Ha gauHHyro ^epgb u cTaBuau eë pagoM c gy6oM y naxoTHoro noaa, hto goa^Ho 6biao cuMBoau3upoBaTb oxpaHy noceBoB ot npoauBHbix go^gen u 6ypb, a CKoTa - ot 6one3Hen (cm. Dundulienè 1982, 345). nOT0My y«e oroBopëHHaa runoTe3a MaHHxapgTa o nepBuHHon ^yH^uu npycc. Curche KaK 6o^ecTBa nocaegHero cHona 3aaK0BHx HBaaeTca omu6oHHon, He uMeromeft HuHero o6mero co 3HaHeHueM u cooTBeTcTBeHHo c ^TMMoaomeft uMeHu 6ora. KoHeHHo, mo^ho npuHHTb noao^eHue MaHHxapgTa aumb b tom oTHomeHuu, hto peK0HcTpyKp0BaHHaH um ^yHK^MH gencTBuTeabHo uMeaa MecTo b 06pag0B0M cucTeMe gaHHoro 6o^ecTBa, ho 0Ha hukoum 06pa30M He 6baa nepBuHHon. Caegya TaKon T0HKe 3peHua, mo^ho TaK^e gonycTuTb B03M0^H0cTb, hto c TeHeHueM BpeMeHu nepBuHHaa ^yHK^MH, pe^aeKTupyeMaa ceMaHTuKon TeoHuMa, 6baa nog3a6bTa. CooTHecëHHHM c 3eMaegeaueM 6or 6hkob BnocaegcTBuu 6bia conocTaBaeH [bo3mo^ho, hto ^Ta ^yHK- ^MA napannenbHa nepBuHHon - cm. 53 cHocKy] c Öo»ecTBOM nog3eMHoro Mupa53 (cp. nuTOBcKun ^onbKnopHwn MaTepuan - JBR III 501 g.; penuKTW TaKoro npo^cca mo»ho npocneguTb u b KynbTOBOö cucTeMe cnaBAHcKoro Öo»ecTBa Bénec - nogpoÖHee cm. MBa-HOB, TonopoB 1974, 46, 58, 170; PwÖaKOB 1981, 429; BuHorpagoBa 1993, 163) - npunuHW BO3HuKHOBeHua TaKoro HOBmecTBa HaBepHoe mo»ho cBA3WBaTb c oÖWHaaMu goarpap-Horo nepuoga nonuTaTb KopoBy (PwÖaKOB ibd.). Ba»HocTb gaHHoro MOTuBa u B3au-MocBA3b Me»gy KopoBon u öwkom, uMero^aa Öonbmyro ^HHocrb gna peKOHCTpT^uu Mu^onorunecKoro cTpoa ME HapogoB [b nuTOBcKOM naHTeoHe noKpoBuTenbcTBO Hag stumu »ubothwmu OTBegeHO Öo»ecTBy Baubis (cp. MP III 299) - cm. Bwme], aBnaroTca npunuHon gna npoBegeHua Öonee nogpoÖHoro aHanu3a stux Mu^onoreM, HanpaMyro cBA3aHHwx c ^opMupoBaHueM 300M0p^H0Ö cuMBonuKu nTm. Veins, nuT. Velnias (Öo-»ecTBO BwcTynaeT b oÖnuKe ÖWKa, K03na - oÖieguHaro^uM 3BeH0M stux »ubothwx aBnaroTca pora [nogTBep»garo^ue cBA3b c nyHapHWM KynbTOM, cp. cornua lunae „pora nyHW = nyHa" Ov. Met. 12.264 (OLD 1047)]) u ^yH^un noKpoBuTenbcTBa Hag stumu »ubothwmu, uMea b Bugy tot ^aKT, hto stot Öor 0gH0BpeMeHH0 aBnaeTca u co3gaTe-neM poraToro cKOTa (cm. MC 121): „Ir kaip davè žaibas tan jautin, tai tik klanas smalos ten pasidarè" (JBR I 190 [2]), T.e. „M KaK rpaHyna MonHua Ha stoto ÖWKa, TonbKo ny»a cMonw TaM ocTanacb"; „Nedor^ pon^ senelis (Dievas) paverčia jaučiu (arkliu) <...>" (JBR III 86 [*773]), T.e. „BeccoBecraoro rocnoguHa cTape^ (flueBac) npeBpa^aeT b ÖWKa (nomagb) <...>". npucyTcTBue HecoMHeHHon cba3u Me»gy ^yH^uaMu npycc. Curche u xTOHunec-Koro Öo»ecTBa nogTBep»gaeTca BTopwM nognuHHWM uctohhukom no u3yHeHuu gaHHO-ro Öora - neKcunecKuMu 3aMMCTB0BaHMaMM ^pM6anTMncKMx ^uhhob, TOHHee ceMeMon, c nepBoro B3rnaga He uMero^en Hunero oÖ^ero c npyccKuM TeoHuMOM - ^uh. kurko, kurki „MegBegb" [cp. MegBegb no gaHHWM ^onbKnopa cnaBAHcKux HapogoB - oguH u3 3oomop^hwx oÖnuKOB cnaB. *Vels/b (cp. MBaHOB, TonopoB 1974, 47)]. OcHOBWBaacb Ha gaHHwx XpoHUKU Buxoe^ (1520-1530 r.) u paccKa3ax aBTopoB [A. ryaHbuHu (Guagnini) - BRMŠ II 483, M. CrpwnKOBcKoro (Stryjkowski) - BRMŠ II 511 u gp.], cbou goragKu no noBogy KynbT0B0n pa3H00Öpa3H0cTu boctohhwx ÖanTOB cTpouBmux uMeHHO Ha ^aKTax SToro nucbMeHHoro ucTOHHuKa, mo»ho cgenaTb ocTopo»Hoe npegnono»eHue o cba3u SToro 3HaHeHua c norpe6anbHMM o6pagoM stux HapogoB [c00TBeTcTBeHH0 u xTOHuHecKuM Ö0»ecTB0M - ÖoroM yMepmux (!)], bo BpeMa KOToporo ucn0nb30Banucb KorTU MegBega - ÖwnuHa rnacuT, hto b Mup uhoM yconmun Mor nonacTb, ucnonb3ya KorTu SToro »uBOTHoro gna Bocxo»geHua Ha BwcoKyro ropy, rge »un Öor, cyguBmun »ubwx u MëpTBwx (cm. BRMŠ II 373 g.), a y n0gH0»ba eë, no cnoBaM C. flayKaHTaca, »un y»acHwn gpaKOH (LM I 156). B paccKa3e flayKaHTaca (LM ibd.), ucn0nb30BaBmer0 XpoHUKy Buxoe^a, mo»ho ycMOTpeTb npucyTcTBue Mu^onorunecKux penuKTOB ochob-Horo Mu^a ME HapogoB - paccKa3 o ÖopbÖe HeÖecHoro (nepyHa) u nog3eMHoro (3Mea) ÖoroB [cp. mu^ o noeguHKe MHgpw u BpuTpw, T.e. ypaHucrunecKoro Öora u nygoBu^a nog3eMHoro Mupa; motub o »unu^e Ymac (yTpeHHen 3apu) = Cypbu (ConH^), T.e. ropw u T.g.]. no-BuguMOMy, gpeBHenmuM penuKTOM ME Mu^onorunecKoro Hacnegua aBnaeTca u ^aKT ynoMuHaHua o cy^ecTBOBaHuu eguHoro Öora, npuBoguMwn b Xpo-HUKe Buxoeuß, K0T0pwn uMen BnacTb Hag »ubwmu u yMepmuMu [Bpag nu stot motub 53 B TpagM^MM MM^0n0^MHecK0M cucTeMW ME HapogoB geaTenbHocTb aHTunoga ypaHMCTMHecK0^0 Öo»ecTBa [= nuT. Vélnias, c.nuT. velinas, nTm. velns, gp. uHg. Varuna u gp.] cBA3WBanacb co cK0T0B0gcTB0M, a nog3eM-hwm Mup npegcTaBnanca KaK nacTÖu^e (cp. Dini 2000, 200). Hy®H0 CBH3HBaTb c HOBmecTBaMM xpMCTMaHCTBa], T.e. ero ^yH^MM ugeHTuHHbi c ^ne-MeHTaMM KynbTOBOH cucTeMbi gpeBHux rpeKOB goapxaunecKoro nepuoga: 3eBc „gHeB-hoh cBeT" ^ 3eBc-3Mea „3eBc nog3eMenbfl" [cp. Mu^onorunecKu ugeHTuHHoe cpaBHu-BaHue gByx pa3Hbix Hanan b unocTacu 6biKa b ^onbKnope boctohhhx cnaBAH: ffBa 6ukü óodymcH - BMecme He coüöymcx = He6o-3eunx (FonoBaneBa 1994, 207)]. Ha ynoMAHyTyro cBA3b npycc. Curche c nog3eMHHM MupoM yKa3biBaroT u motubh ^Tuono^uHecKux cKa3aHuß B0cT0HH0-6anTußcKux HapogoB (cp. JBR III 301 g.; Smitas op.cit. 62, 64, 167), He T0nbK0 cBugeTenbcTByro^ue o coTBopeHuu 6biKa gbaBonoM, ho u yKa3biBaK>^ue npunuHbi, no KOTopbiM ^T0 ®uB0TH0e g0n®H0 6biTb coothocumo c xTOHunecKuM 60®ecTB0M. DiaBHOM npunuHOM TaKoro cy^geHua aBnaeTca BHemHocTb ®ubothoto: „<...> velnias dirb^s visokius negrazius gyvulius: juodus, su ragais, be aus^, neperskeltomis nagomis" (JBR III 301 [N 134]), T.e. „<...>gbABon npou3Ben Ha cBeT bcakux HeKpacuBbix ®ubothhx: HepHbix, poraTbix, 6e3yxux, c HepacceneHHbiMu KonH-TaMu". BuguMO ^T0T ^aKT Hagne®aBmuM 06pa30M gon®eH 6biTb uccnegoBaH KynbTypo-noraMu, nocKonbKy nognepKuBaHue poroB54 6biKa unu K03na KaK 0cH0BH0r0 aTpu6yTa gbaBona M0®eT 6biTb coothocumo He T0nbK0 co 3HaneHueM ®epTBonpuHomeHua ^Tux ®ubothhx, ho u c opygueM yMep^BneHua - TaKue motubh u3o6unyK>T b nucbMeH-Hbix ucTOHHuKax repMaH^B (cp. Vries 1937, 263): „ocTpbiß por" O „nopa®eHue poroM [Ha oxoTe guKux ®ubothhx (nepuog KOHeBoro o6pa3a ®u3Hu) - cp. Teßnop 1897, 116, 236]" O „cMepTb" | „xTOHunecKuö Mup" | „60®ecTB0 xTOHunecKoro Mupa" O „pora-Toe, HMero^ee KonwTa 60®ecTB0 XTOHunecKoro Mupa"55 ^ „6hk" // „K03en" O „aHT-ponoMop^Hoe 60®ecTB0 XTOHunecKoro Mupa c aTpu6yTuK0H 6biKa (unu K03na)" [cp. go cux nop 6HTyeT HenoKone6uMoe MHeHue, hto TaKOH o6pa3 gbaBona - cp. uK0H0rpa^u-HecKoe 0T06pa®eHue u ^onbKnopHoe npegcTaBneHue HepTa b cnaBAHcKOM Tpagu^uM KaK aHTponoMop^Horo 6o®ecTBa co mKyporo nepHoro ^eTa, poraMM u KonuTaMn -bo3huk bo BpeMa xpucTuaHcTBa, T.e. gon®eH BocnpuHuMaTbca KaK HOBmecTBO BecbMa no3gHero nepuoga (MC 595). BuguMO, Becb ^T0T npo^cc npegcraBneHua xTOHunecKO-ro 6o®ecTBa Hy®H0 ucTonKOBHBaTb Hao6opoT - gpeBHue penuKTH fl3bigecK0H BepH npoHuKnucb b co3HaHue npegcraBuTeneñ HOBoro BepoucnoBegaHua u coxpaHAKiTcfl no ceH geHb!]. K TOMy ®e, go cux nop npuHATO T0nbK0 ^0pManbH0 ynoMuHaTb cooTHomeHue Me®gy 6hkom u BogoH (cp. MBaHOB, TonopoB 1974, 147) u 6o®ecTBaMu, ®uBy^uMu b Heß, T0nbK0 n0T0My, hto oh coTBopeH umu. ^0^T0My u ycTaHaBnuBaeTca npaMaa cBA3b Me®gy ^TUM ®ubothhm u xTOHunecKOH c^epoß (cp. Keßnep 1986, 17), KOTopaa genuT-ca Ha nog3eMHHH Mup [cp. [gaHHbie nuTOBcKoro foonbKnopa] „<...> velnias slepiasi po veléna <...>" (JBR IV 137 [6]), T.e. „HepT npaneTca nog gepHOM", „Tai vyrai kai aria laukus saugojasi, kad ariant veléna neatvirst^ atgal" (JBR I 39 [122]), T.e. „My^nuHbi, Korga na- 54 HecoMHeHHWM g0Ka3aTenbCTB0M Toro, mto pora 6whm npM^MHOM cooTHeceHMa ^To^o ®MBOTHoro c gbaBo-noM, aBnaroTca npMMepw ^TMono^MMecKMX cKa3aHMM ^MTOB^eB: „Dievas sutveria avj, velnias ozk^" (JBR III 170 [N2 3081]), T.e. „Bor (flueBac) coTBopun oB^y, gbaBon - Ko3y", T.e. 6e3poroe cy^ecTBo cooTHocMTca co c^epoñ geaTenbHocTM He6ecHoro 6ora, a poraToe - c XToHM^ecKMM 6o®ecTBoM. Bm^mmo, ^TOT opraH ®m-BoTHoro M3gaBHa cBa3WBanM c Bo3Mo®HocTbro HaHecTu paHeHMe [m3 hmx M3roToBnanM opy®Me - nogpo6-Hee cm. Teñnop op.cit. 116, 236], cMepTbro, ^0^T0My oh 6wn npu^ucneH k aTpu6yTMKe 6ora cMepTM u Mupa yMepmux. 55 Pe^neKcueM ^T0M ®e MM^onoreMW mo^ho Ha3BaTb o6w^añ MTanMM^eB cooTHocuTb hoitm MenoBeKa c 6o-ne3Hbro, cp. BepoBaHue puMnaH, mto oTpe3aB HorTM 6onero^ero nuxopagKoñ u npuKpenuB ux bockom k gBepaM cocega, 6onaMKa nepexoguT k HeMy, a caM 6onbHoM BW3gopaBnuBaeT (OpeM3ep op.cit. 604). myT, ocreperaroTca npu naxaHMM OTKMHyTb Ha3ag gepHUHy"] u Ha BogHoe npocTpaHc-tbo: 6ap. nxnucmuü „MepT" Mo»eT u36erayTb npecaegoBaHua 6ap. nxpyn [= hut. nep-KyH] b Boge; hut. velnias (gbaBoa), 6ery^uM ot flueBaca//nepKyHa, To»e npaMeTca b Boge (cm. JBR I 40 [135, 137, 145], 39 [133], 150 [21], 191 [8, 10]; BTB VII 425 [56]; e^e cm. TonopoB 2002, 80 u T.g.)56 u »mbčt b h£m (JBR I 80 [961-3])57. ^TO cooTHomeHue oneHb Ba^Ho gaa pacKpwTua cyTu u npuMUH Bo3HUKHoBeHua raaBHoro Mu^a ME Ha-pogoB o pacnpax Me»gy xtohuhcckumu (hut. Velnias, HTm. Vels, gp.uHg. Vrtrah, Varuna) u ypaHucTUMecKUMu (lie. Perkünas, la. Dievs, s.i. indrah) 6oraMu. npuMUHHyro cBa3b Me»gy Bogoö u KopoBoM, u cooTBeTCTBeHHo 6wkom, ycTaHo-BuTb He TaK y» u TpygHo. Bce ^Tu o6rbeKTw o6rbeguHaeT tot »e caMHM pe^epeHT -„»ugKocTb - mctomhuk »u3Hu": MTaK mo»ho cgeaaTb BwBog o tom, mto b oöpagoBon Tpa^M^MM noHHTaHHH ÖMKa ME HapogaMU nepennenMCb MM^onorMHecKMe npegcTaBneHMa gByx ^Ta^oB Ky^bTypHoro pa3BMTMa ^TMx nneMeH: chmbo^ nnogoBHTOCTH - 6mk ^ xo3ähh Kopo-Bbero CTaga [nepuog KoneBoro o6pa3a ^h3hh - nepBi-umbiii] + 6o^ecTBo ypo^an-HOCTU ^ ypo^aa, nocKonbKy um ocy^ecTB^anocb BcnaxHBaHMe noHBM [arpapHMM nepuog - btopmhhmh] (cm. 2 cxeMy). OcHoBHBaacb Ha ^Tux BwBogax, mo»ho BwgBUHyTb e^e ogHy runoTe3y: c u3Me-HeHueM ^yH^uM Mu^oaoreMw „6wk - cmmboh naogoBUTocTu" „6wk - 6o»ecTBo 56 TonopoB (1998a, 80), ccwaaacb Ha pa6oTw Pw6aKoBa (cm. Pw6aKoB 1981, 144), BwgBUHya runoTe3y, mto MecTo npe6wBaHue ca. *Velesi> goa»Ho 6wTb aoKaau3oBaHo b BogoeMax „HenogBu»HoM u cooTBeTcTBeHHo cToaMefi" Bogw, a geaTeabHocTb ca. Terunt mo»ho cBa3wBaTb c „TeKy^uMu u cooTBeTcTBeHHo c nog-buxhhmu" BogaMu, mto aKo6w cooTBeTcTByeT raaBHoMy Mu^y uHgoeBponefi^B o 6opb6e Me»gy stumm 6o»ecTBaMu M3-3a cTaga KopoB (e^e cm. Golema 2008, 154 g.). npaBuabHocTb 3TOM goragKu Bw3wBaeT coMHeHua, nocKoabKy 6opb6a BapyHw//BpuTpw c MHgpoM no npu-MUHe „ocBo6o»geHua" peKu Mupa (nogpo6Hee cm. MC 116 g.; KeMnep op.cit. 14), He HaxoguT npaMwx nog-TBep»geHMM b oTHomeHuu ycTaHoBaeHHoro TonopoBwM pa3geaeHua BogHoro npocTpaHcTBa b Mu^oao-ruMecKoM Hacaeguu gpyrux ME HapogoB. B nepByro oMepegb TaKoMy pemeHuro gaHHoro Bonpoca npenaTc-TByeT motmb hutobckoto TeoroHUMecKoro Mu^a ^^ne - %apu%a yMeü, MecToM geficTBua KoToporo aBaaeTca Mope (cp. Beresnevičius 2003, 43, 79). Ho sto He aBaaeTca raaBHwM apryMeHToM gaa oTKaoHeHua gaHHoM runoTe3w - ero yKa3biBaeT caM TonopoB (1973, 33), T.e. oh caM ce6e npoTUBopeMUT: „aHMyTKa [„MepT, 6ec" - guaa. pycc. amymKu „MepTeHaTa" (flaab I 19) - P.K.] - BogaHoM, cTpamuau^e, »uBy^ee b peKax u npy-gax; mm nyraroT geTeM" [BwgeaeHo MHoro - P.K.]. npaBuabHocTb ycTaHoBaeHua gaHHoM aoKaau3a^uu [T.e. peKu u cooTBeTcTBeHHo TeKy^efi Bogw] MecToHaxo»geHua MepTa nogTBep»gaeTca 3HaMeHueM uMeHu, no npoucxo»geHuro - anuTeTa (cp. Balsys 2006, 289), hmtobckoto 6o»ecTBa Bog [= ? MepTa] Upinis Dewos - T.e. PeHHOü Eo^, o KoTopoM ynoMUHaeTca b XponuKe CTpwMKoBcKoro (cm. BRMŠ II 546; nogpo6Hee cm. LM I 95; Balys, Biezais 1973, 446). TeHeTUMecKaa cBa3b aToro 6ora c xToHUMecKUMu 6o»ecTBaMu nogTBep»gaeTca KyabToBWMu aaeMeHTaMu - eMy b »epTBy npuHocuaucb 6eawe nopocaTa [no gaHHWM npeTopua] (gpeBHue rpeKu cBUHbro »epTBoBaau xToHUMecKoM 6oruHe fleMeTpe (!) - Guhl, Koner 1896, 470); Kypuro (BRMŠ II 628), KoTopaa, no BepoBaHuaM auTOB^eB, 6waa cBa3aHHa c npegcKa3aHuaMu no»apa [eM oTpy6aau roaoBy - JBR I 18]. BuguMo, stm apryMeHTw aBaaroTca gocTaToMHo BecKoM npuMUHoM gaa oTKaoHeHua runoTe3w TonopoBa, a npuMUHw onpegeaeHua »uau^a MepTa b oMyTe uau 6oaoTe, MacTo BcTpeMaro^eeca b ^onb-KaopHoM MaTepuaae, acHw - TaM oMeHb MacTo ToHyau arogu (cp. Balys, Biezais ibd.). 57 STa aoKaau3a^ua »uau^a MepTa BcTpeMaeTca u b ^oabKaope ^mhhob npu6aaTUKu: [sctoh^b] „<^> pilkas žmogutis jšoko upen. Netrukus žmogutis vel išlindo iš vandens (tai buvo vanapagan = velnias) <...>" (JBR I 125 [1]), T.e. „<...> MeaoBeMeK ceporo ^BeTa npwrHya b peKy. BcKope oh onaT Bwae3 u3 Bogw (sto 6wa BaHanaraH = MepT) <.>"; „Radus šulinj, velnias nunere j dugn^" (JBR I 199 [5]), T.e. „OTwcKaB Koaoge^, MepT HwpHya Ha gHo"; „<.> pašoko iš vieno šaltinio juodas šunelis <...>" (JBR I 199 [8]), T.e. „BcKoMuaa M3 ogHoro pyMba MepHaa co6aMKa <.>", a TaK»e caaBaH (b MacTHocTu caoBaKoB - nogpo6Hee cm. Golema 2008, 156 g.). nepMog KoneBoro o6pa3a ®H3HH «uflKocTb - ucto^huk «u3HH Hp.uHfl. „He6ecHwe bohm" Hp.uHfl. „He6ecHWM flo^flb" Hp.uHfl. He6ecHwe peKu MonoKa, Mega, comh .1. TpaBa ("ypa»:) M nyra, gepeBba (nynna) M neca M coMa (HanuToK 6oroB) He6o ► Boga |4 ► mohoko 4 Hp.uHfl. Varuna „6or boh"; „ocBa^aeT He6o u 3eMnro" caMe^ KopoBW 4-^ xo3auH KopoBbero craga KopoBa 6wk rp. Zsüi; „acHoe He6o"; „6or mohhum u 6ypb" A. cumboh nnofloBuTocTH 6o®ecTBo bohw b Buge 6wKa _Ha KpuTe i. hut. Baubis „6or 6wkob _u KopoB"_ 6or nnonoBuTocTH uht. cBa3b c EBponoß npycc. *Kurvakas „6or 6wkob" : ugon 6wKa ;uht. cBa3b nacu"au c 6mkom; 1 naxoTHoe »MoTHoe MuHoTaBp ¡hut. karväitis ,^ene6Haa TpaBa" arpapHbm nepuog 6o«ecTBo ypo«aa ugon 6wKa 4" npycc. Curche „6o«ecTBo ypo«aa" rp. 6o»:ecTBo ypo«aa b Buge 6wKa 2 cxeMa: B3auMocBa3b Mu"onoreM „Boga", „mohoko", „KopoBa", „6wk" 3 cxeMa: reHe3uc MeHbi 3anagH0-6anTuMcK0r0 6o»:ecTBa npycc. Curche yp0^aMH0CTH" o6hmk ^T0^0 ^HBOTHoro 6bm npuHucneH k 300M0p^HbiM o6pa3aM xto-HMHecKMX 6o^ecTB (cp. JBR I 190 [2]). flna apryMeHTupoBaHMH goragKM o cba3m KopoBbi M C00TBeTCTBeHH0 6biKa C XT0HMHeCKMM, a He ypaHMCTMHeCKMM 60^eCTB0M, BeCbMa nog-xogaT npuMepbi onucu puTyanbHbix o6pagoB cnaBAH m 6anTMMCKux MM^onoruHecKMX penMKToB: pyCC. KopoBbH Cuepmb, Hepnan Heuonb npegcTaBnanacb KaK HepHaa (na^e BCero [Cp. ^^MTeT gbABona nTm. Juods „HepHbift" - cm. Šmitas op.cit. 16, 96 T.g., 107, 109, 223]) KopoBa, KomKa m™ co6aKa (nogpo6Hee cm. MC 291 g.; MBaHoB, TonopoB 1974, 47), MgeHTMHHa 300M0p^HbiM o6pa3aM nHToBCKoro Ba^HAca (T.e. gbHBona) (nogpo6Hee cm. TonopoB 2002, 82). nocne pe^opMH penuruM npyccoB, ocy^ecTBneHHoft BaftgeByTMC0M m BpyTa-hmcom (nogpo6Hee cm. Beresnevičius 1995, 105 T.g.), T.e. nocne yTBep^geHMH npaBun nowTaHMA hobom Tpuagbi 6oroB BMecTo KynbT0B0M npaKTMKM 6o^ecTB 6onee paHHe-ro nepuoga, o6pagbi npycc. Curche Morau 6binu 6biTb cooTHeceHbi c noHMTaHueM 6ora nog3eMenbH m CMepTM naTynoM58, cp. ceMeMb 3auMCTB0BaHMM npu6anTMMCKMX ^mhc-KMX A3biK0B „gbflBon, 3H0M gyX, npMBegeHMe". no gaHHbM nMCbMeHHbiX MCT0HHMK0B, co BpeMeHeM KynbT ^T0^0 6o^ecTBa npyccbi CTanu nyTaTb c nowraHueM BapgaMTuca (nogpo6Hee o npoMCxo^geHMM MMeHM ^T0^0 6ora cm. Kregždys 2008a, 88 T.g.). 58 O bo3mo®hom cnuaHUM KynbTa 3tmx gByx 6oroB CBMgeTenbCTByeT oguH M3 aTpu6yT0B naTyna - Mepen 6wKa, KoTopbM, no gaHHbM nucbMeHHbix mctomhmkob, 6bin nogBemeH Ha cbs^Shhom gy6e b PuKoMoTe (cm. BRMŠ II 347), urpaBmuM Ba®HeMmyro ponb b s3bmecKMX o6pagax 3eMflegenus 6anT0B (cp. Dunduliene 1982, 345). Bo3mo®ho, mto gpyruM penuKToM KynbTa 6biKa b o6pagoBoM cucTeMe naTonca SBflaeTca o6a3a-TenbHoe puTyanbHoe c^uraHue roBa^bero cana b ropmKax b MecTb aToro 6ora. (cm. BRMŠ ibd.). 3Hawr, o CH0BHB aHCb Ha BHBogax [xoth u runoTeTUHecKUx] ^T0^0 aHanu3a, mokho yTBepKgaTb, hto caMyro gpeBHroro ^yH^uro pe^neKTupyeT TonbKo Mop^onoruHec-KUM cTpoM TeoHUMa u cooTBeTCTBeHHo ^TUM0H0^UHecK0e ero 3HaneHue, a ^yH^uu, peK0HCTpyupyeMHe no gaHHHM ^uhckux 3auMCTBobaHUM, oTpaKaroT MHoroHUcneH-HHe U3MeHeHUH pa3HHX ^^ox, gaTupyeMHX ot BpeMeHU K0HeBoro cTpoa ME nneMëH go arpapHoro nepuoga ocegnoro o6pa3a ku3hu (cm. 2 cxeMy). flpyraa npo6neMa, cBH3aHHaa c peKoHCTpy^ueñ KynbTa npycc. Curche, KacaeTCH yCTaH0BHeHUH B03M0KHHX MU^0H0rUHeCKUX C00TBeTCTBUM B 06pHg0B0M CUCTeMe B0C-tohhhx 6aHT0B, cHaBHH u repMaH^B. AHanu3 ^T0^0 Bonpoca Heo6xoguMo HaHaTb c yKe yn0MHHyT0M runoTe3H MaH-HxapgTa o BaKHocTU noHUTaHUH nocnegHero cHona 3HaK0BHX. TonbKo ero U3HCKa-Hue u npegcTaBHeHHHM ^aKTonoruHecKUM MaTepuan Hago UHTepnpeTupoBaTb He KaK gaHHHe gna peK0HCTpy^uu KynbTa npycc. Curche, a MU^onoruHecKUx ^neMeHT0B nu-tob^b, cHaBHH u repMaH^B (Ha to ecTb BecKue npuHUHH - cm. ganbme). MaHHxapgT (Mannhardt 1936, 46 T.g.), npuBoga cbom apryMeHTH no noBogy peK0HCTpy^uu KynbTa gaHHoro 6oKecTBa, no 6oHbmeM HacTU ccHHaeTca Ha cbou npegnocHHKU u pe3ynbTaTH conocTaBHeHUH hko6h reHeTUHecKU ToKgecTBeHHHX c npyccKUMU o6pagoB cnaBHH m repMaH^B, a He Ha nognuHHHe ^aKTH nucbMeHHHX uctohhukob. Dwbhhm ero apry-MeHToM b noHb3y peK0HCTpy^MM npoToceMeMH „6oKecTBo nocnegHero cHona 3naK0-bhx" HBHHeTCH yKe ynoMHHyTHM BHme paccKa3 Koro-To c6op^UKa HanoroB (gecHTUHH) b npyccuu, hko6h BugeBmero [npuxoguTCH coKaneTb, hto aBTop npegcTaBHeHUH ^T0^0 ^aKTunecKoro MaTepuana He yKa3HBaeT hu umh oHeBug^, hu uctohhuk gaHHHx], KaK nrogu, 3aKaHHUBaH KaTBy, npoBoguHU o6pag noHUTaHUH nocnegHero cHona. Oh caM, Toro He 3aMenaH, HaHUHaeT cpaBHUBaTb o6pagH, no ero MHeHuro, 0HeHb noxoKue, ho npoBoguBmuecH b pa3Hoe BpeMH, nocKonbKy, oroBopuB ^T0T o6biHañ, oh cpa3y Ke cch-HaeTCH Ha ynoMUHaHue HecTBoBaHUH 6ora Curche b XpucT6yprcK0M goroBope 1249 r., npoucxoguBmero nocne y6opKu ypoxaa, T.e. oh He yHën to 06cT0HTenbCTB0, hto ^TU gBa npa3gHUKa MoryT 6HTb TonbKo conocTaBHHeMH, ho hukoum 06pa30M He 0T0KgecT-BHHeMH - o nepB0M MH 3HaeM, hto oh npoBoguHCH Ha none, rge BHpa^UBanacb KaKaa-T0 KyHbTypa 3HaK0BHX, a o BT0p0M HeT HUKaKUX g0CT0BepHHX gaHHHX, X0TH HaHUHUe 06cT0HTeHbCTBa BpeMeHU „y6paB ypoKañ" b goroBope opgeHa c npyccKUMU nneMeHaMU genaeT TaKoe cpaBHeHue BecbMa coMHMTenbHHM. 3HaHUT, B03M0KH0, hto MaHHxapgT 0T0KgecTBUH gBa pa3HHX npa3gHUKa He TonbKo no oTHomeHuro k BpeMeHU ux npoBegeHUH, ho u noHUTaHUH pa3HHX 6oKecTB. KoHeHHo, Henb3H noHHocTbro onpoBepraTb B03M0KH0CTb cy^ecTBoBaHUH TunonoruHec-K0M CBH3U MeKgy ^TUMU gByMH npa3gHUKaMU, o6^eguHHro^eñ ux c arpapH0M geHTenb-HocTbro HenoBeKa, ho Hago UMeTb b Bugy u tot ^aKT, hto noHTU Bcë Mup0B033peHue KUTenH npyccuu Tex BpeMëH 6hho cBH3aH0 c 3eMnegenueM. ^0^T0My 3eMnegenbHecKUx npa3gHecTB b to BpeMH Morno npoBoguTbCH He gBa u He Tpu. He MeHbmee 3HaHeHue UMeeT u to 06cT0HTenbCTB0, hto o6pagH, UMeHyeMHe MaHHxapgToM npyccKUMU, Ha caM0M gene Mornu HBHHTbCH H0BmecTB0M hutobckux m gp. KonoHU3aTopoB. flnH BHgBUKeHUH TaK0M npegnocHHKU gaHHHX KaK b nnaHe mcto-puHecK0M, TaK u KynbTypHoM 6onee HeM g0CTaT0HH0: 1) bo BpeMeHa neTpa U3 flyc6ypra (BTopaa nonoBUHa 13 b. - nepBaa nonoBUHa 14 B.) 3eMHU npyccuu KynM u ^ro6aBac yKe 6hhu KonoHU3upoBaHH nonHKaMU (cp. Mažiulis 1966, 16, 20; Matulevičius 1995, 137 g.); 2) caMwn uHTeHcuBHwn npo^cc KonoHM3a^MM npyccKux TeppuTopun regManya-mu npoucxogun go 15 b. (Pakarklis 1948, 146; Mažiulis op.cit. 22); 3) b 15 b. b naMage KpoMe npyccoB npo»uBanu HeM^i u nonaKu (Mažiulis op.cit. 23); 4) k K0H^y 15 b. b ceBepHon HacTu npyccuu59 »unu nrogu, „Heß a3wk Mano HeM OTnunanca ot nuTOBcKoro" (Šneidereitas 1989, 232). no yTBep»geHuro Ma»ronuca (PEŽ IV 47), BpeMa „^HTyaHH3a^HH" npyccKUx 3eMenb Hananocb b 6 b.h^., T.e. co BpeMeHU Havana MMMM^pa^MM npa^MTOB^B b npyccuro. MaHHxapgT n0HeMy-T0 stu ^aKTW 3aManHuBaeT u He gonycKaeT bo3mo»hoctu b puTyane onucwBaeMoro um npa3gHuKa BugeTb HOBmecTBO BocTOHHO-ÖanTuncKoro, cnaBAHcKoro unu repMaHcKoro npoucxo»geHua60. B03M0»H0cTb TaKon uHTepnpeTa-^MM KynbTypHwx u3MeHeHun oÖpagoBon cucTeMW npyccoB nogTBep»gaeTca gaHHWMu, npegcTaBneHHWMu b nucbMeHHwx ucTOHHuKax. npeTopun (BRMŠ III 186, 291) yno-MuHaeT o npa3gHuKe 17 BeKa, npoBoguBmeMca b HagpyBe (cm. 60 cHocKy), bo BpeMA KOToporo nrogu u3 c»aToro nyHKa p»aHwx KonocbeB cBA3WBanu ÖyKeT [flyHgynueHe (Dundulienè 1963, 183) n0HeMy-T0 nepeBoguT „cHon"] u cnneTanu BeHOK, MHoroHuc-neHHwe ^OTorpa^uu KOToporo npegcTaBuna flyHgynueHe (Dundulienè op.cit. 187 g., 194, 202). Ha nuTOBcKue, a He npyccKue [o npa3gHecTBe TaKoro poga 3anagH0-ÖanTunc-kux nneMëH He ynoMuHaeTca hu b 0gH0M gocTOBepHOM nucbMeHHOM ucTOHHuKe] KopHu SToro npa3gHuKa yKa3WBaeT: 1) ero apeanbHaa pacnpocTpaHëHHocTb Ha TeppuTopuu ^utbw [apxauHHocTb u c00TBeTcTBeHH0 ayTeHTuHHocTb SToro oÖpaga nogTBep»gaeT-ca ero penuKTaMu b nepu^epunHwx nuTOBcKux 3eMnax - cm. 2 KapTy]; 2) ugeHTuHHwe npa3gHecTBa, onucwBaeMwe npeTopueM, npoBogunucb, no yTBep»geHuro flyHgynueHe (Dundulienè 1963, 184), b boctohhom HacTu ^utbw b TayparHan [ynoMuHaeTca u o Öo-»ecTBe 3naK0Bwx, u nneTeHuu BeHKa n0»uH0K]; 3) TepMuHW oÖpagoBoro xapaKTepa, npuBoguMwe caMuM npeTopueM, T.e. neKcuHecKun ux cocTaB no npoucxo»geHuro aBnaeTca nuTOBcKuM: Maldininks, pabeigtuwe Rugg-pjuties, palabindams, Pradetuwe ir kt. (cm. BRMŠ ibd.). OÖWHan noHuTaHua „nocnegHero cHona", no gaHHWM STHorpa^uHecKoro MaTepu-ana, coÖpaHHoro flyHgynueHe (Dundulienè 1963, 183 T.g.), Öwn pacnpocTpaHëH noHTu Ha Bcen TeppuTopuu ^utbw: [AyKmTanTua] Švnč, Pkr, Vlkj, Prn, Šl, Smn, Krn, Nmj, Vl, Rm, Pg, Mrj, Trgn, Al, Ad, Mrk, Vb, Lp, Mrs, Ps; [^eManTua] Als, Šauk, Pp, Kltn, Trš, Trk; [nepu^epunHwe nuTOBcKue 3eMnu] Rmd, Grv, Zs, a BeHOK u3 p»aHwx KonocbeB b 3HaK koh^ »aTBW nnenu TaK»e Ha Öonbmen HacTu nuTOBcKux 3eMenb: [AyKmTanTua] Dg, Vrn, Trak, Al, Btrm, Šmn, Rk, Šl, Ob, Pnd, Pnm, Ant, Všn, Vlkj, Rmš, Vv, Pkn, KzR, Kbr, 59 TeppuTopua 3aHuMaeT BepxoBbe ÖacceMHa peKu npueraroc, T.e. ceBepHyro HacTb ot npuernroca u BocTOHHyro ot peKu fleMMeHa (cp. Šneidereitas op.cit. 312) = 3eMnu HagpyBW u OTHacTu CKanBW. 60 C gaBHux BpeMëH noBenacb TpagM^Ma cHuTaTb, hto b CKanBe u HagpyBe npo»uBanu npyccKue nneMeHa, xoTa ceMHac ycTaHOBneHO, hto »uTenu ^TMx TeppuTopun „cKanBufi^i u ocoÖeHHO HagpyBaHe aBnaroTca nepexogHWM ^THMHecKMM 3BeH0M Me»gy npyccaMu u autob^mu, [reHeTuHecKu - PK.] Önu»e nocnegHuM" (Matulevičius 1995, 129). He BgaBaacb b nogpoÖHocTu pemeHua npoÖneMW noHTu TpëxcoTneTHen gaB-hoctu [nogpoÖHee o Hen u nepeHeHb MHoro-HucneHHwx paÖOT no ^T0My Bonpocy cm. yKa3aHHyro cTaTbro MaTynaBuHroca], mo»ho genaTb ^peg^ono»eHMe o npo^cce nocToaHHoro nepeceneHua npegcTaBuTenen nuTOBcKux nneMëH Ha TeppuTopuro ceBepHOM npyccuu c gpeBHenmux BpeMëH [cm. Toro »e aBTopa npeg-cTaBneHHyro KapTy nepeceneHua »uTenen BocTOHHO-ÖanTuMcKoro apeana Ha npyccKue 3eMnu]. ^TM oöcto-aTenbcTBa oÖycnoBunu u tot ^aKT, hto b HaHane 13 b. »uTenu ^T0^0 peruoHa npyccuu „Öwnu b Öonbmen cTeneHu nMTyaHM3MpoBaHw" (Matulevičius ibd.). 2 Kopma Apeanbuait pacnpocmpauëuuocmb npa30necmB„nocnedne¿o cuona'u nnememm „Bernai ïiomuhok": 6em>iü mpey¿om>mik 03nanaem mecma npa3ÔH0Bami)i oópxboe ,,nocnedne¿o cuona", a neprniíi - nnememix ,,eenKa ïiomuhok". Gl, Lgl, Ign, Sld, Dkšt, Švnč, Mit, Dt, Gdž, Pg, Jz, Mrk, Jrb, Kri; [>KeMaHTMfl]: Krtn, Trk, Rt, Žd, Pp, Pž; [nepu^epuMHbie .UToBCKue 3eM.u] TeppuTopua Manon ^utbh (Dunduliené 1963, 187}. Tpagu^a n.eTeHua BeHKa üo^mhok U3 pKaHbix Ko.ocbeB u no.eBbix ^e-T0B oTc.eKUBaeTca u B oKpecTHocTax KynumKuc (Dulaitiené 1968, 106}. CpaBHUBaa 3TU gBa o6^eKTa nowraHua, mo»ho BbigBUHyTb runoTe3y o cy^ec-TBoBaHUu B3auMocBH3U MeKgy HUMU. y>Ke ynoMUHa.ocb, hto Tpagu^a nonuTaHua ugo.a nnogopogua [< *6or nnogoBUTocTU u noKpoBUTenbCTBa Hag poraTbiM ckotom b o6pa3e 6biKa] npyccoB Mor.a UMeTb o6^e6anTUMCKue u bo3mokho o6^euHgoeBponeM-cKue KopHU. C.egya stom goragKe, mokho npegno.oKUTb cy^ecTBoBaHue U3r0T0B.e-Hua ugo.a u ero 3ooMop^Ho-U3MeHUTenbHoro npo^cca b 6o.ee HeMTpa.bHoM o6.UKe, UMeBmero MecTo b o6pagax B0CT0HH0-6anTUMCKux HapogoB U3-3a Ta6y, BBegëHHoro Ha H3biHecKue npa3gHecTBa npegcraBUTe.aMU xpucTuaHcTBa. floBo.bHo c.okhhm npa3g-huhhhm o6pag 6h. ynpo^eH MaKcUMa.bHo. M3 Bcex aTpu6yT0B nowraHua 6oKecT-Ba yqe.e. numb oguH - BeH0K U3 Ko.ocbeB 3.aK0Bbix [umu, BuguMo, yKpama.ca ugo. 6biKa, cp. cooTBeTcTByro^UM o6biHañ gpeBHUx rpeK0B (cm. Bbime}], a b gpyrux MecT-HocTax caM ugo. Mor 6biTb 3aMeHëH cHonoM cKarax Ko.ocbeB, T.e. npou3om.a 3aMeHa pe^epeHTa u ero geH0TaT0B [o ugeHTUHHbix ceMaHTUHecKux U3MeHeHuax nogpo6Hee cm. Kregždys 2005, 12 g., 29]. C.egbi ynpo^eHua SToro puTya.a npoc.eKUBaeTca b ok-pecTHocTax ropoga A.UTyc [roKHaa HacTb ^utbh], rge, no yTBepKgeHuro flyHgy.ueHe (Dunduliené 1963, 185}, KHuqa npuHocu.u b ku.om goM cHon 3.aK0Bbix, craBU.u ero b yro.61 m36h [b sto BpeMa Bce HaxoguBmueca b goMe .rogu ne.u necHu], a 6yKeT U3 61 ^T0 MecTo Bbi6paHo He c.yHaMHo. Mokho BbigBUHyTb runoTe3y o tom, hto noc.e cooTHeceHua ^yH^ufi u 06pa30B 6ora naogoBUTocTU u ypoKaa u BflacTMTe.a nog3eMe.ba, oho cTa.o BocnpuHUMaTbca KaK xto-HUHecKoe 6oKecTBo [cm. 2, 3, 4 cxeMbi], a ^T0 noBauaHo u Ha ycTaHoB.eHue MecTa noHUTaHua ero b goMe, T.e. no gaHHHM ^ofibKropa B0cT0HH0-6anTMMcKux HapogoB, MecT0M npe6biBaHua u.u noaB.eHua gbaBOüa aB.aeTca yro. noMe^eHua. flo cux nop hukto He a^eHTupoBa. BaKHocTb nGKanu3a^uu ^TG^G xT0HUHec-Koro 6oKecTBa UMeHHo b yr.y goMa. HanpoTUB, Be.roc (Vélius 1987, 53} yTBepKgaeT, hto MecTa noaB.eHua gbaBo.a b .utobckux cKa3Kax u npegaHuax He aB.aroTca nocToaHHHMu: „¡îëpT k .rogaM npuxoguT, ,,npu-cTaëT" Heu3BecTHo, oTKyga, a noc.e HeKoToporo BpeMeHU yxoguT u.u nporoHaeTca. ToTibKo no oTge.bHHM HaMëKaM, oTKyga HëpT npuxoguT k He.oBeKy u Kyga yxoguT, mokho cocTaBUTb npu6.ra3UTe;ibHyK> KapTUHy o tom, rge oh KUBëT". Be.roc ccH.aeTca Ha gaHHHe 300 BapuaHToB MU^GnG^UHecKUx cKa3aHUM, U3 KoTop^ix b 195 c.yHaeB gbaBo. noaB.aeTca b ku.om goMe. To, hto HëpT noaB.aeTca u.u gaKe noce.a.ca b noMe-^eHuax, co3gaHH^ix .rogcKUM TpygoM, ycTaHaB.UBaeTca no gaHHHM ^GnbKnGpa: He.b3a KeHb .yHUHy c o6oux K0H^0B, a to HëpT noce.UTca (LTR 444/584/ - Vélius op.cit. 51} u gp. 06 ^T0M CBugeTenbCTByroT u UMeHa ^TG^G xToHUHecKoro 6oKecTBa (cp. Vélius op.cit. 40}. KonocbeB CTaBMHM Ha CTon. B gpyrux mccthoctax npo^MBaHMH hmtob^b MMeno MecTO nneTeHMe BeHKOB m pa3BemMBaHMe ux b yray goMa, rge Haxoguncfl cTon. Bce ^TM o6pa-gbi, HecoMHeHHO, cBH3aHH c gpeBHMMM npa3gHecTBaMM b HecTb 6o^ecTBa nnogopogua, npoBogMBmMMMCH ny6nMHHo [cp. o6biHaft ^epTBonpMHomeHMH 6biKa b cnaBAHcKMx 3eMnax - nogpo6Hee cm. MBaHoB, TonopoB 1974, 169] - 06 ^T0M cBMgeTenbcTByroT He TOHbKO o6pagoBoe neHMe, MMeBmee MecTO npu npoBegeHMM penMmo3Hbix o6pagoB 6an-tob, ho u Top^ecTBeHHaa BcTpeHa Hecy^ero BeHOK no^uHOK (cp. Dundulienè ibd.), T.e. mo^ho ycTaHoBUTb TaKyro nocnegoBaTenbHocTb cmchh o6pagoBoM Tpagu^uu: I. *nonumauue udona b oônuKe 6uKa b npucymcmBuu Bceû o6w,uubi ^ *yKpamenue udona 6uKa BenKauu u3 KonocbeB 3naKoBux u ^emoB [mnoTeTMHecKMM ypoBeHb] — II. no- M3BecTHo, hto „y ^o^bR^opHoro HëpTa amtob^b MHoro o6^ux HepT c ^onbK^opHHM 6o®ecTBoM nara-meM (velns, vels). CoBnagaroT MHorue HepTH BHemHocTu, MecTo nosBneHus u npo^uBaHus, oTHomeHus c nrogbMM u gpyruMu Mu^o;ioruHecKUMu cy^ecTBaMu" (Vèlius op.cit. 253). noaToMy Heo6xoguMo cpaBHUTb ^0Ka.ra3a^uK> stux 6o®ecTB MMeHHo b goMe HenoBeKa. B naTBuMcKux cKa3Kax (npuMepbi u3 www.ailab.lv) nosBneHue HëpTa oHeHb HacTo cBS3HBaeTcs c yraoM goMa. BuguMo, stot ^aKT Hy^Ho o6,bscHUTb tom npocToM npuHUHoM, hto b yray TeMHo: 1) „Ka tu se tiki? Noslepiespie laika, lai velns tevi tulin atruma nenorij! Ieej tur tant kakta!". Janis noslepjas kakta, bet tulin art ieskrien velns un prasa : „Kas te par cilveka smaku?". Velns paskatas kakta, redz, ka tur stav cilveks un rauj to no kakta ara. Janis nu atkal sasit treso velnu ltdz ar vina bernugabalugabaliem. (Stiprinieks ar saviem biedriem); 2) Art velns jau bijis piekusis un bijis ar Lacu Krisus padomu miera. Velns, atpuzdamies, dzeris no udens mucas; Lacu Krisus tamer krietni sadzeries no speka mucas.<...> Maldtdamies ieraudztjis kada kakta mazo vtrinu, kas bijis paslepies ar visu ozolu barzda un, so ieraudztdams, drebejis vien no bailem. Lacu Krisus tam prastjis, 1ai pasaka celu, pa kuru no elles izklut, tad iznemsot tam ozolu no barzdas. (Lâca dëls). Mu^onoruHecKuM HëpT amtob^b To^e oHeHb HacTo nosBnseTcs b yray goMa. Xots Benroc u yKa3HBaeT, hto Hau6onee HacTo gbSBon npuo6peTaeT o6nuK HeM^ [Bo3HUKHoBeHue KoToporo cBS3aHo c HeHaBucTbro k HeMe^KMM KpecToHoc^M] (Vèlius 1987, 20), ho He a^eHTupyeT, hto oh nosBnseTcs MMeHHo b yray ®u-noro noMe^eHus: 1) [3aragKu] 5795: Stovi kampe prusas su skardine skrybèle, skarb^ nesuskaito. 1926, Sml. LTR 459(394) -aguona. (LT V 490), T.e. ctomt b yray npycc [= HeMe^ - i!K.], cKap6 He Mo^eT cocHMTaTb - MaK; 2) 8507: Kuliant sesiese://- Kampe tupi vokietukas.//- O kuo vardu?//- Motiejukas. 1935, Plv. LTR 374(10b) -spragilas (LT V 803), T.e. npu MonoTb6e BmecTepoM://- b yray cuguT HeMHMK.//KaKoe TBoë mms?//- MaTBeM - %en. EcTb u gpyrue e^ë HMKeM He npoaHanu3upoBaHHHe anu3ogH ^onbK^opHoro MaTepuana, cBS3aHHHe c no-Ka^u3a^ueM HëpTa b yray goMa: 1) [BepoBaHus] 9264: Reikia spjaudyt kampan peciaus ir sakyt tris kartus: Saule saule, upe upe, eik tu, gyvate, skradziai. 1964, Ign. LTR 3718(157) (LT V 892), T.e. Hago nnroHyTb b yron neHKu u cKa3aTb Tpu pa3a: Co^H^e co^H^e, peKa peKa, nponagu th, 3Mes, nponagoM; 2) 8787: b npuMeHaHuu yKa3HBaeTcs, hto, Korga Bu^Ky cTaBST BBepx ocTpusMu b yron, nponaBmas Be^b TyT ®e HaxoguTcs (LT V 1153). C nepBoro B3rnaga He sBnsro^ascs nepBoM Ba^HocTu gna ycTaHoBneHus ^0Ka^u3a^uu MecTa npe6bBa-Hus gbSBona Mu^onoreMa „yron goMa" [oHa He BbigenseTcs uccnegoBaTenaMu 6anTuMcKoM Mu^onoruu, cp. BRMS I-IV; LM I-III] Mo^eT 6biTb BecbMa none3Ha gns ycTaHoB^eHus npoucxo^geHus HeKoTopHx uMëH 6anTuMcKux 6oroB u ga^e ux ugeHTu^uKa^uu. TaK TonopoB (Toporovas 2000, 256), npu peKoHcTpy^uu Mu^onoruHecKoro o6pa3a MaTepu 3eM^u, ynoMUHaeT naTBuMcKue 6o®ecTBa Meza tevs (BW 2675), Kakta (Meza) tevs (BW 30489), Hbu uMeHa BcTpeHaroTcs b ^onbK^ope [b gaMHax (!)], u npuBoguT cbou coMHeHus HacHëT ux ayTeHTMHHocTu. OcHoBHBascb Ha Bbime npuBegëHHoM KpaTKoM o63ope ^0Ka^u3a^uu 6a^TuMc-Koro gbSBona, mo^ho genaTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono^eHue He To^bKo b nonb3y nognuHHocTu stux mï^o-noruHecKux 6o®ecTB, ho u ugeHTu^u^upoBaTb ux KaK anuTeTH gbSBona, cp. jTm. Kakta (Meza) tevs *„6or, ^MBy^uM b yray neca", e^ë cp. o6pa3^i u3 hutobckoto ^onbK^opa: 1) „<...> velnias pripila piln^ kamp^ pinig^" (BLS 153; Vèlius op.cit. 108), T.e. „HëpT Hano^HseT yron geHbra-Mu"; 2) „Visi kampai pilni yra velni^ arba pikt^ dvasi^" (BP II 437; Vèlius op.cit. 240), T.e. „Bce yrabi no^Hbi HepTeM u 3^hx gyxoB". numanue cnona 3naKoeux e none ^ nnemenue eenKoe u3 Konocbee 3naKoeux u u,eemoe — III. nonumanue cnona 3naKoeux b MunoM doue = „aocmb doua" ^ nnemenue eenKoe u3 Konocbee 3naKoeux u ^emoe — IV. nonumanue eenKoe u3 Konocbee 3naKoeux u ^emoe e Munou doue. TaKaa „ge^paga^Ma" o6paga, cbommm KopHaMM yxoga^ero bo BpeMeHa o6^hoctm ME HapogoB, npuBena He T0nbK0 k 3aMeHe nepBMHHoro o6beKTa noHMTaHua [pe^epeH-Ta], ho u k M3MeHeHuro nonoBoro npu3HaKa 6o^ecTBa [cm. ganbme; 4 cxeMy] b KynbTO-BOM cucTeMe boctohhhx 6anT0B. Bcë-TaKM b nucbMeHHHx ucTOHHMKax npocne^MBaeTca MH^opMa^Ma, MMero^aa nuHrBucTMHecKoe 060cH0BaHue, o npoBegeHUM B0cT0HH0-6anTMÖcKMMM nneMëHaMM bo3mo^ho coothocmmhx npa3gHecTB [aBnaro^MMuca penuKTaMM gpeBHeömero nepu-oga, T.e. pe^neKTupyro^ux npoToceMeMy *„60^ecTB0 6hkob" m c00TBeTcTBeHH0 KynbT noHMTaHua ero ugona] c o6pagoM, yKa3aHH0M b XpucT6yprcK0M goroBope ot 1249 r. npeTopuM npuBoguT paccKa3 o ako6h npyccKOM [xota M3naraeT MH^opMa^MK> o nu-tobckmx noBepuax - Ha ^T0 yKa3HBaeT ^TMMono^Ma TeoHMMa -, 3anucaHHbix, BuguMO, b HagpyBe (cm. 60 cHocKy)] o6biHae noHMTaHua poraToro cKOTa: „Xö3amh co3HBaeT cbo-ux geTeö, mhom m Bcë ceMeöcTBO, cTaHOBMTca Ha KoneHM nepeg nypoM u MonuTca 3a ckot, 0c06eHH0 3a KopoBy m TenëHKa. Bo BpeMeHa Hamux o^ob ohm B3HBanu k Bay6ucy (Baubis), T.e. 6ory KopoB u ömkob [BbigeneHO MHoro - PK.]" (BRMŠ III 202, 304). ^T0T o6pagoBHÖ ^aKT, npuBoguMbiö npeTopueM, OHeHb Ba^eH, nocKonbKy 3a-no^eHHaa b HëM mh^opMa^MA nogTBep^gaeT c^opMynupoBaHHyro Bbime runoTe3y o (I.) cyTM 06pag0B0Ö TpagM^MM noHMTaHua „6ora 6hkob", eë o6beKTa m (II.) nocnego-BaTenbHocTb cMeHH ^yH^MM 6o^ecTBa, T.e. I. noKnoHeHue npoucxoguno 6o^ecTBy 300M0p^H0r0 (nepBMHHoro) o6nuKa 6biKa [Ha ^T0 yKa3HBaeT He T0nbK0 yTBep^geHue npeTopua, hto „Bay6uc (Baubis), unu 6or goMamHero cKOTa, oxpaHABmuö ux cTago <...>" (BRMŠ III 260; MP III 299), ho m ^TMMono^Ma BapuaHTOB UMeHM 6o^ecTBa: Bay-6mc 6hkob (Jauczbaubis - MP III 148; Jaucziubaubis - BRMŠ III 239, 256); II. OHeBugHO conocTaBneHue „6ora 6hkob" m 6o^ecTBa ypo^aa, nocKonbKy o6pag noHMTaHua 6ora npoucxogun nepeg nypoM, T.e. ëMKocTbro b 24 rapH^ 3epHa. reHeTMHecKaa cBA3b ^T0^0 6o^ecTBa c npycc. Curche nogTBep^gaeTca npoucxo^geHueM TeoHMMa Bay6uc m gByx ero BapuaHTOB Jauczbaubis, Jaucziubaubis: nuT. baübas „HyHeno, npuBugeHue, MMeHeM KOToporo nyraroT geTeö" J, rš, Gs, Šts (LKŽ) 62 < OHOMaToneÖHoro rn. nuT. baübti „pe-BeTb HM3KMM ronocoM (o 6MKe), MHHaTb" (DLKŽ5), cp. nTm. bubinât „6y-6y-6y peBeTb, nogpa^aa 6MKy" (LEW 37), coothocmmhm c non. buba „HygoBM^e, MMeHeM KOToporo nyraroT geTeö" (Büga I 435) m gp. (LEW ibd.), K0T0pbiö ceMacuonoruHecKM cxogeH c nuT. maümas „geTcKoe cTpamunu^e, 6yKa" Ml, Prng, Šd, Sdb, Krš, Sv, Srv, Ds, Rmš, Vj, Vrn, „tmxmm, Hepa3roBopHMBbiö HenoBeK, tmxöha" Ktk, Užp, Trgn, „ktö HeacHO r0B0-puT" Trgn, „hm k HeMy He rogHbiö, Hepaxa" Užp, „connu" Ds, Trgn, „Bomb" Ds, „HeBbi-KOBbipAHHbiö rna30K KapTomKu" Ds, „6mk, caMe^ KopoBM" J (LKŽ) ^ rn. nuT. maumiù „peBeTb (KaK 6hk)" (Büga ibd.), T.e. o6a BapuaHTa TeoHMMa MoryT 6biTb ucTonKOBaHH KaK cmhöhmmh (no npoucxo^geHuro - ^^MTeTH) 6o^ecTBa. OcHOBHBaacb Ha ycraHOBneHHOö cucreMaTMHecKOM cba3m Me^gy nparMaTMHec-KOM npMHMHOö npoucxo^geHua MMëH m ^yH^uö [a TaK^e ux 3aMeHbi] 6o^ecTBa, peme- 62 no yTBep^geHuro Bancuca (Balsys op.cit. 161 T.g.), nepBHM mma stoto 6o®ecTBa b cBôëM Tpyge ynoMAHyn B. MapTMHuroc (1666 r.) (Baubis - BRMŠ III 62 g.), npaBga, He yKa3an hm ^yH^uu, hm öcö6eHHöcTeö o6pa-gOBOM npaKTMKM. Hue npo6neMbi b o 3hmkhob eHua nonuceMaHTMHecKoro nona TeoHMMa ^mh. kurko, kurki „3noö gyx, gbaBon, npuBugeHue, MegBegb, Bomb" He cocraBnaeT oco6oö TpygHocTM. üocne conocTaBneHua npycc. Curche c 6oroM nog3eMenba m CMepTM, eMy TaK»e 6binu npuHucneHM ^yHKuuu xToHMHecKoro 6o»ecTBa, cyTb KoTopbix oTpa»aeTca b 3HaHeHM-ax 3aMMCTBoBaHHbix M3 6anTuöcKoro ^opM MMeHu 6ora b a3biKax ^mhhob npu6anTMKM - b ÄmBHMCKoü KHUMKe yTBep»gaeTca, hto 6or nog3eMenba m TbMbi Peckolls A//Pockolls A, B npegcraBnaeT co6oö gbaBonoB u neTaro^ux npu3paKOB (BRMŠ II 144). flna o6bacHeHua npoucxo»geHua ceMeMbi „Bomb" mo»ho BbigBMHyTb gBoaKoe npegnono»eHue: 1) oho o6ycnoBneHo BecbMa apxauHHoö ^yHKuueö 6o»ecTBa, onpege-naro^eö nnogoBMTocTb m »MByHecTb, T.e. c TeHeHueM BpeMeHM oHa Morna pacnpocTpa-HMTbca He TonbKo Ha noHaTue poraToro CKoTa, ho m Ha BcaKuö oTnuHaro^uMca nnogo-BMTocTbro Bug »MBoTHoro Mupa; 2) neöopaTMBHoe 3HaHeHue cnoBa CBa3aHo c ^yHKuu-eö xToHMHecKoro 6ora HacbinaTb Ha ckot m nrogeö BcaKoro poga 6one3HM m 3apa3y [o6 3tom CBugeTenbCTByroT ^onbKnopHbie motmbh STuonoruHecKux CKa3aHuö nuTOBueB m naTbimeö] - b stom cnyHae ero cnegoBano 6h pa3bacHaTb KaK noHaTue BTopuHHoro npoucxo»geHua. Heo6xoguMo oTMeTMTb, hto o6pagoBaa cucTeMa noKnoHeHua nuTOBueB bo3mo»-ho ugeHTMHHoMy 6o»ecTBy npycc. Curche oTnuHaeTca 6onbmeö MHHoBaTUBHocTbro, HeM ceMaHTMHeCKaa CTpyKTypa ynoMaHyrax 3auMCTBoBaHMö b ^mhckmx a3biKax. Bo-nepBbix, go cux nop He ycTaHoBneHo, hto nuToBUbi M3roToBnanu ugon 6o»ecTBa [Ta-Kue paccy»geHua aBnaroTca runoTeTMHecKMMu]. Mcxoga M3 stoto nono»eHua m Bbme npuBegëHHoro aHanu3a, mo»ho cgenaTb ocTopo»Hoe npegnono»eHue o bo3mo»hom cy^ecTBoBaHMM KynbTa ugeHTMHHoro c npyccKMM 6o»ecTBa *6oa 6ukob m b boctohho-6anTuöcKoM npocTpaHCTBe, b o6pagoBoö cucTeMe KoToporo npou3omno TpoÖHoe m3-MeHeHue pe^epeHTa noHMTaHua: I. [1 pe^epeHT (A) ^ 2 pe^epeHT (B) > BA] 6oz 6ukob cHon 3naKoBux > cHon 3naKoBux [„aocmb öoMa"]; II. [1 pe^epeHT (A) ~ MHTerpanbHbiö npu3HaK a ~ 3 pe^epeHT (C) = Aa ^ Ca > CaA] 6oz 6ukob ~ [naxoTHoe »MBoTHoe <-] 3eM-na [^ 6o»ecTBo 3eMnu (nog3eMenba)] ~ gbaBon (c.nuT. velinas) > poaamoe [m peBy^ee KaK 6hk63] 6oMecmBo noÖ3eMenbx; III. [2 pe^epeHT (B) ^ KorunoHMM ß > 4 pe^epeHT 63 3gecb Heo6xogMMo ynoMaHyTb M3biCKaHMa A. rpeÖMaca (Greimas 1990, 135), omu6oHHo MCTonKoBaBme-ro rMnoTe3y BproKHepa (Brückner 1980, 185 [15 CHocKa]) o6 oHoMaToneÖHoM npoucxo»geHMM TeoHMMa m CKoH^HTpupoBaBmero CBoë BHMMaHMe He Ha MM^onorMHecKoM o6ocHoBaHMM npegnocbinKM, a Ha hmcto nMHrBMCTMHecKoM [6e3 KaKoö-nu6o aHanMTMHecKoö MOTMBa^MM], T.e. BHecTM HecKonbKo KoppeKTMpoBoK no noBogy ero MHTep^peTa^MM ^TMMono^MM ^TMx cnoB m o6cygMTb BbiMbicen Toro »e poga P. Ko»eHaycKe-He (Koieniauskienè 1990, 615), hto nMT. Baubis „Boo6pa»anM KaK ^TM^y, peBy^yro KaK 6mk", y»e HaHaTbie MHTepnpeTMpoBaTb KaK HayHHbie (cm. Balsys op.cit. 163 g.), HaHoca TeM cîmhm 6onbmoö ypoH He TonbKo b CMbicne MCKa»eHMa peanuö 6anTMöCKoö MM^onorMM, ho m Hapymaa MeTogonorMHecKyro npaKTMKy M3yHe-HMa KynbTypHoro Hacnegua gpeBHocTM. HecnbixaHHo, hto6h ycTaHoBneHMe ^yH^Mö m MgeHTM^MKa^Ma 6o»ecTBa npoM3Bogunucb He Ha ^aKTonoruqecKOM MaTepuane gocTOBepHwx nucbMeHHbix ucto^hukob [nepeg ^TMM npoBega BepM(^MKa^MK> gaHHbix] - TeM caMbiM MCKa»aa MH^opMa^MK> BunbrenbMa MapTMHMa m aBTopoB 6onee no3gHero BpeMeHM (nogpo6Hee cm. Balsys op.cit. 162 T.g.), ho Ha neKCMHecKoM cocTaBe CnoeapH numoecKo^o rnuKa (cp. LKŽ I 686 - cm. Greimas op.cit. 181), npM ^TOM MrHopupya Mop^onorMHec-Koe HecooTBeTCTBMe cpaBHMBaeMwx mmm TeoHMMa m aKo6bi eMy pogcTBeHHbix cooTBeTCTBMö nMToBCKoro a3biKa: reHeTMHecKMM cooTBeTCTBMeM npegcTaBnaeTca geBep6aTMB nMT. baublys - a He (!) nuT. baubis = baübis „6or nacTyxoB" [K], Mlt; MŽ (LKŽ I 686) - „^TM^a M3 poga ^a^nM (Botaurus stellaris)" Blv, JD 219, Rk, BB Ps 102,7, PPr 350; „^mamh" K II 251 [> rn. nMT. baubléti [K] „KpMHaTb (o 6ay6nMce)"; baublénti „KpMHaTb (o 6ay6nMce)" (LKŽ I 686)] < rn. nMT. baübti + cy(^. -(s)liô- (cp. Skardžius op.cit. 166 t.) < BocKn. nMT. baü „6y, My (gna o6o3HaHeHMa MbiHaHMa)" Š, Gs, Valanč., Jnšk (LKŽ I 685), 3HaHeHMe KoToporo mo-»eT 6bTb no3gHMM, He MMero^MM HMHero o6^ero He TonbKo c o6cy»gaeMbiM 6o»ecTBoM, ho m Boo6^e c (D)] cHon 3naK0Bux ^ 6one3Hb (cHona) 3naK0Bux > „p^aHaa 6a6a" (nogpo6Hee cm. Dundulienè 1963, 182; 1982, 349 u T.g.; Balsys op.cit. 136 g.) [cMeHa nonoBoro npu3HaKa 6o^ecTBa bo3moäho o6ycnoBneHa ^KCTpanMH^BMCTMMecKMM ^aKTopoM, T.e. M3-3a co-nocTaBneHua pe^epeHTa cHon 3naK0Bux co cnoco6oM cKnagHBaTb b KonHy (hmt. gubà -u.M. ^eHcKoro poga), KOTopoe b hmtobckmx guaneKTax MMeHOBanocb „6a6a" (!!!), T.e. 4 cHona 3naKOBHx cocraBnanu „6a6y" unu „BeHOK". npoucxo^geHue npoTOTuna ^eHcKo-ro poga, BuguMo, o6ycnoBneHo u MM^onoruMecKUMU ^aKTopaMM, pe^neKTupyro^MMM pe^epeHT KopoBH, To^e 6biBmeö b noneMMTenbcTBe 6ora 6hkob. B nonb3y npaBOMep-hoctm TaKOM runoTe3H cBugeTenbcTByeT Boo6pa^aeMaa BHemHocTb „p^aHoö 6a6bi" -^T0 ^eH^MHa c ^ene3HHMM rpygaMM, HanonHeHHHMU gërTeM (Tl), npuMMHaro^aa Bpeg geTaM (cm. Dundulienè 1963, 181 g.; Balsys ibd.), cp. y^e ynoMaHyTHe ^^M3ogH hmtobckmx npegaHMM o npeBpa^eHUM MëpHoro 6biKa b ny^u gërTa. n^TOMy cnegyeT BecbMa ocTopo^Ho oTHocuTca k runoTe3aM (cm. Balsys ibd.) o bo3mo^hom BTopuMHOM npouc-xo^geHMM neöopaTMBHoro 3HaMeHua ^yH^MM gaHHoro 6o^ecTBa, nocKonbKy ero aT-pu6yTMKa, cooTBeTcTByro^aa cuMBonuKe xTOHMMecKoro 6ora gbaBona (c.hmt. velinas), Mo^eT 6bTb ucTOHKOBaHa KaK penuKT BecbMa apxauMHbix ^yH^MM 6o^ecTBa, cp. y«e oroBopeHHHM MOTMB HeyBa:«eHMa gbaBonoM xne6a u cooTBeTcTBeHHo 3naKOBHx boo6-^e - B03M0^H0, MTO geaTenbHocTb MëpTa c gpeBHeömux BpeMëH cooTHocunacb c nno-xmm ypo^aeM ^ ronogoM ^ cMepTbro (gaHHHe TaKoro HeraTMBHoro BnuaHua xtohm-MecKoro 6o^ecTBa Ha pocT ypo^aa BecbMa MacTH b ^onbKnope boctomhhx 6anTOB), a b naTBMMcKOM ^onbKHope npocne^MBaroTca u ero 3noBpegHHe geöcTBua, HanpaBneHHHe npoTMB geTeö (Šmitas op.cit. 79; e^ë cm. 66 cHocKy). CBa3b ^TMx 6o^ecTB c npycc. Curche [TOMHee, c ero BTopuMHoö unocTacbro xto-HMMecKoro 6ora] TaK^e nogTBep^gaeTca npegcTaBneHueM „p^aHoö 6a6bi" Ha TeppuTo-puu npyccKOM ^mtbh KaK «eH^MHH, egy^eö BepxoM Ha KOHe (cm. Dundulienè op.cit. 182), T.e. b ^T0M o6pa3e mo»ho BugeTb penuKT KynbTa npyccKoro 6ora cMepTM - no npegcTaBneHuaM gpeBHux 6anTOB, yMepmue nepecenanucb b noTycropoHHMÖ Mup Ha KOHe. Mo^Ho cgenaTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono^eHue o bo3mo^hom o6rbeguHeHMM nu-tob^mm npyccuu HecKonbKux MM^onoruMecKux 06pa30B b oguH - npoBogHMKa gymu yMepmero b Mup yconmux [uHorga oh BocnpuHMManca KaK ux yMepmuö pogcTBeHHMK], npu6bBaBmero Ha KOHe (nogpo6Hee cm. Beresnevičius 1990, 127 T.g.), u hmt. PMaHax 6a6a — „P^aHaa 6a6a, egy^aa BepxoM Ha KOHe". B03HMKH0BeHue ^yH^uö noKpoBMTena ypo^aa, a no3^e u ero BpeguTena, o6yc-noBneHHoe BTopHM TunoM M3MeHeHua pe^epeHTa, 6hho npuMMHoö noaBneHua cmho-HMMOB TeoHMMa: BOHK, KO3ën, 3aa^ MegBegb (Dundulienè 1963, 185; 1982, 349; e^ë cm. caKpaHbHOM c^epofi HMTOB^B, T.e. BO3HMKHOBeHMe eë MO^eT 6bITb cnyMaöHHM, 06ycH0BHeHHHM cpaBHM-BaHMeM oHOMaToneMHoro co3ByMMa chob, pa3Hbix no npoucxo^geHuro - b nonb3y TaKOM goragKM mo^ho npuBecTM apeanbHoe pacnpocTpaHeHue gaHHoö ceMeMH: hmt. baübis = jäucty baübis „6or nacTyxoB", a He rpeöMacoM m Ko^eHaycKeHe (ibd.) npugyMaHHoe 3HaMeHMe „^TM^a, peBy^aa KaK 6hk", ynoTpe6nanocb T0HbK0 Ha TeppuTopuM Manoö ^mtbh m y boctomhhx ayKmTaöTOB aHMKmTeH^eB. MHTepec npegcTaBHaeT m tot ^aKT, mto HTm. baüblis „6yKa" Pl, Kur, cpaBHMBaeMHM c hmt. baublys „6onb-moM 6ay6nuc" (EH I 206), bo3mo®ho m Mor 6h 6biTb npegnocHHKoö gna peKOHcTpy^MM naTBMMcKoro ^oHbKHopHoro nepcoHa^a, MMeHeM KOToporo nyranu geTeö, cp. rn. HTm. baubît „MHMaTb, rygeTb" Elg 6 (EH ibd.; e^ë cm. ME I 266), ho hm b KoeM cnyMae He gna ycTaHOBneHMa KynbTOBHx penMKTOB boctomho-6anTMMcKoro naHTeoHa (cp. Šmitas op.cit. 181). flna aToro Heo6xogMMo npegocTaBMTb 6onee BecKMe gaHHHe nucbMeHHbix mctomhmkob, a He ocHOBHBaTb runoTe3y MM^onoruMecKoro xapaKTepa Ha neKcMMecKOM cocTa-Be a3HKa. neMopaTUBHoe 3HaqeHue ■■ 4 cxeMa: ceMaHTU^ecKaa Koppeaa^Ma auToBcKoro öoxecTBa 6oz 6ukob TonopoB 2002, 82). npunuHa ^To^o aerKo ycTaHaBauBaeTca npu cpaBHeHMM ux mm£h c 3ooMop^HHMM cMMBoaaMM gbHBoaa - ohm coBnagaroT (cp. Velius 1987, 151)64. B naHTeoHe auTOB^B ^T0T 6or [u b ucKa^eHHoM 3HaneHMu] Mor UMeHoBaTbca HecKonbKMMu MMeHaMu: Kurwaiczin Eraiczin „6or arHHT" (#. .^acu^UM - Lasickis 1969, 40), Karwaitis „6or TeaaT" (M. npeTopuM - BRMS III 261), Karvaiciai Eraiciai „6o^ec-tbo caga" (Narbutas 1998, 169), Kurwajczin „t.ä." (#. M. KpameBcKUM - LM I 209) // Baubas (MapTUHUM - BRMS III 63), Baubis, Jauczbaubis, Jaucziubaubis „6or goMamHero cKoTa, KopoB u 6hkob" (M. npeTopuM - BRMS III 239, 256, 260), Jaucziu Baubis „6or nacTyxoB" (#. BpogoBcKUM, n. Pywruc - cm. Balsys op.cit. 163) u gp. Hy^Ho a^eHTupoBaTb to o6croaTeabcTBo, hto HauMeHoBaHue ^T0^0 6ora He-cKonbKUMU cuHoHUMaMU He npegcraBaaeT bo3mo^hoctm BugeTb b hmx o6pa3bi pa3Hbix 6o^ecTB. flaiamu KyabT 6ora 6hkob, BuguMo, coBceM 3a6biau [Bpag au ero peauKToM hb-aaeTca aTm. baüblis „6yKa" - cm. 63 cHocKy; ^T0My Bonpocy caegoBaao 6h nocBHTUTb oTgeabHyro craTbro, nocKoabKy b aaramcKoM H3HKe KopoBa UMeHyeTca caoBoM coBceM gpyrow Mop^oaoruHecKoö cTpyKTypbi, T.e. aTm. govs, npegcraBaaro^UM aeKcunecKuß naacT ME o6^hoctm] - Hage^HHx gaHHbx, nogTBep^garo^ux nowraHue ero b 6a3e gaHHbx naTBuftcKoro ^oabKaopa HaMTU He ygaaocb, KpoMe HecKoabKUx peauKToB. Mh-Tepec oco6ow Ba^HocTU npegcraBaaeT npuMep I.2 (cm. gaabme), UMero^UM Mu^oao-runecKyro ^HHocTb u aeKcunecKue cooTBeTcTBua oHoMaToneMHoro npoucxo^geHua, ceMacuonoruHecKM 6aM3KMx y^e oroBopeHHHM hmtobckmm, cp. B3auMocBH3b Me^gy aTm. bubulis „6yKa; qyneao" ^ aTm. velns „gbHBoa"65, KoTopbie reHeTU^ecKU 6aM3KM 64 B aaTbimcKUx cKa3Kax yTBep^gaeTca, mto BoaKa coTBopua gbHBoa, Korga tot, nogpa^aa flueBacy, nbiTaaca npou3BecTM Ha cBeT MeaoBeKa (cp. Smitas 2004, 157), a MegBegb, BonpeKU hmtobckmm gaHHHM, mctohkobh-BaeTca KaK onno3U^oHHaa xToHU^ecKoMy 6o®ecTBy cuaa, ho uccaegoBaTeau sto HecooTBeTcTBue cKaoH-hh o6tacHaTb KaK MM^oaorMMecKyro UHHoBa^ro repMaHcKoro npoucxo^geHua (Smitas op.cit. 162 g.). no oTHomeHuro k MU^oaoreMe Ko3aa coMHeHUM He Bo3HUKaeT - b ^oabKaopHoM Hacaeguu boctomhhx 6aaToB sto ^UBoTHoe coothocmtch c gbaBoaoM (cm. Smitas op.cit. 168). 65 O TaKoM B3auMocBH3M, Ka^eTca, e^e hmkto b cbomx uccaegoBaHuax He ynoMUHaa, nocKoabKy go cux nop aTm. Velns npuHHTo cooTHocuTb c ero anuTeTaMU [b tom ^ucae u 3auMcTBoBaHuaMM ^mhckmmm m repMaH- nrm. buba „6yKa, Bomt", nrm. bubis „6yKa", nTm. bubëlis „t.^." (ME I 343), T.e. ohm co-nocTaBMMbi c nTm. baubt „peBeTb (KaK 6hk)", nTm. baubît „bombum facere" [no noBogy oHOMaToneMHoro npoucxo^geHua ^TMX ^opM cp. hmt. bùbas „6yKa" LT II 560, MP 350, „yrproMbiM nenoBeK, 6yKa" Km (LKZ) < rn. hmt. bubénti „peBeTb (KaK 6hk)" ~ hmt. baübti „KpMHaTb, MH^aTb, peBeTb" > hmt. bûbè „6o^bH KopoBKa" (LEW 61; e^ë cm. Karaliünas 1987, 94, 111)] (npMMepbi B3HTH m3 www.ailab.lv): I. [cKa3Ku]: 1) Ak tu velns, ka traucë miegu! <...> drosinieks atteicis un devis bubulim ar krüzi (Bezbailis mekle bailes - 8. A. 326. 952. K. Corbiks; oKpyr BaycKe), T.e. „Ax Tbi, nëpT! <...> xpa6pe^ oTBeTun m ygapun 6yKy [= nëpTa - TaK b ^T0M cKa3Ke uMeHyeTca He MM^onorMHecKoe cy^ecTBo, a nenoBeK, nocrynaro^uM KaK nëpT] KyBmuHoM"; 2) Tëvs skaitljis naudu, jo vins bijis pardevis lablbu, un nu vël parskaitljis, vai nauda ir visa. Mazais puisëns lüdzis, lai tëvs vinam arl dodot naudu, bet tëvs nedevis sacldams: „Ka nauda pieder bubulïsam, un pa to laiku izstiepis roku pa logu ara un sacljis: „Se, bubulïti, nauda!" (Necerëta laime A. 1654. M.; M3 Konne^uu A. Bep^KanHMca - 3ay6a, AnyKcHe), T.e. „OTe^ noœonbKy npogan 3epHo, Bcë cnuTan m nepecwrbiBan geHbru, Bce nu ohm. ManeHbKMM ManbHMK nonpocun, hto6h 0Te^ m eMy gan geHer, ho tot He gan, roBopa: „fleHbm Begb npuHagne^aT 6yKe", npu ^T0M BbicyHyn pyKy b okho m TaK npoMonBun: „Bot, 6epu, 6yKa, geHbru!"66; II. [nocnoBu^i]: Bërnu baida ar bubuli, pieaugusos ar elli (1341 29064), T.e. „pe6ëH-Ka nyraeT 6yKon, a nogpocTKa - neKnoM"; III. [gaMHH, cp. yKa3aHHbie b ME (ibd.)]: 34143 <...> Lai vinuskaugis//Aizpurviem, aiz meziem,//Aiz greizam apsem//Pie vilkiem, pie laciem,//Pie sila bubuliem//Trisdevinus gadus//Slotas, lavas neredzëtu!, T.e. „hto6h ero cKapeg//3a 6onoTaMu, 3a necaMu//3a Kpu-BbiMu ocuHaMu//y bohkob, y MegBegen//y 6yK//TpugeBHTb neT//MeTën, nonKoB He Bugen 6bi!". Oco6eHHo MHTepecHHM MM^onorMHecKMM penuKToM HBnaeTcH motmb o nTm. Putnu Bubulis „6yKa ^TM^ [= gbHBon]", npeBpa^aro^ero nrogen b 6epë3bi67, T.e. o6yc- ckmmm] .Tm. Jods, Jupis, pükis „g0M0B0n" m gp. (nogpo6Hee cm. Šmitas op.cit. 97 T.g.). 66 Bo3mokho, mto 3tot BapMaHT cKa3KM 17 b. pe(.eKTMpyeT BecbMa apxauqHbie pe.MKTH 3eMIegeIbMecKMx o6pHgoB 6a.T0B, T.e. mokho npoc.egMTb cy^ecTBoBaHMe MM(o!orMMecKon B3aMMocBH3M MeKgy *„6oKec-tbom ypoKaH b o6.MKe 6biKa" « „3epH0M" [^ 3a Hero BHn.a^eHH geHbrn (cp. Šmitas op.cit. 99)] « „6yKoro (gbHBo.oM) = .Tm. bubulis". STy goragKy mokho apryMeHTupoBaTb pa3HopogHocTbro (yH^nn .Tm. velns: 1) „Bnagene^ KopoB"; 2) „6oKecTBo 3eM.M m nog3eMe.bH", 3) „noxuTMTenb geTen" [BMgMMo, BTopMMHaH (yH^MH] m gp. (Šmitas op.cit. 79, 97, 178). 67 3tot motmb MMeeT oco6oe MM^onorM^ecKoe 3Ha^eHMe, nocKo.bKy o6hmho .aTHmn coothocht 6epë3y c MM(onoreMon Co.H^ (Dunduliené 2008, 42; 2008, 141) m.m gepeB0M flneBaca, a bo BpeMH npa3gHMKa gnro (MBaH0B geHb) M3 BeT0K 6epë3H nnenM BeHKM, K0T0pHMM yBeHMMBa.M KopoB (Šmitas op.cit. 213). npaBga, no gaHHHM .MT0BCK0r0 (o.bK.opa, sto gepeBo coothocmmo co c(epon b.mhhmh xT0HMMecKoro 6oKecTBa BH.HHca, T.e. gbHBo.a (Vélius 1987, 72 g., 77, 92, 101, 147). Bo3mokho, mto 3to pe.MKT BecbMa apxaMMHoro npegcTaB.eHMH xT0HMMecKoro 6ora, cbommm KopHHMM yxo-gH^ero b to BpeMH, Korga MëpT e^ë He 6h. „xpMCTMaHM3MpoBaH" m He cBH3HBa.cH c HeraTMBHHM b.mh-HMeM Ha KaKyro-.n6o geHTe.bHocTb Me.oBeKa m.m HeHacTbHMM, BCTpe^aro^MMMCH b npnpoge (cp. Šmitas op.cit. 97 T.g.), T.e. pe(.eKTMpyeT II TMn M3MeHeHMH pe(epeHTa (cm. Bbime) - IMT0B^H 6epë3y TaKKe co-0TH0CM.M c aHTMnogoM gbHBo.a m CMMB0.0M npegoxpaHeHMH ot ero b.mhhmh (cp. Dunduliené op.cit. 38; 2008a, 90). n03T0My CpaBHMBaHMe 6epë3H C xT0HMMeCKMM 60KeCTB0M mokho MCT0.K0BHBaTb KaK pe3y.b-TaT no3gHero M3MeHeHMH cmmbo.mkm xT0HMMecKoro m ypaHMCTMMecKoro 6oroB, b STMo.orMM gaHHoro npo-^ecca ycMaTpMBaH m B.MHHMe cynepcTaTHoro n.acTa MM(o.orMM gpyrnx HapogoB (cp. noxoKyro rnnoTe3y fflMMTa (Šmitas op.cit. 218) no noBogy M3MeHeHMH (yHK^M0HaIbH0M TpaKToBKM ph6mhh). B cbh3m c stmm mokho BHgBMHyTb ocTopoKHoe npegno.oKeHMe o cy^ecTB0BaHMM MM^onorM^ecKon B3aMMocBH3M MeKgy HaBHMBaeTca geaTeHbHocTb gbaBoHa: [cKa3Ku] „Kädä valstl dzlvo kënins, kam trls deli. Šie tris dëli izzinäjusi, ka vinpus devinäm valstim otram këninam täds putns, kas visu padara, ko tik liek. <...> Putnu Bubulis uzsit vinam ar spärnu un, vecäkais brälis pärversas par bërzu. (Bulbula putns A. 550. A. Lerchis - Puškaitis, Džflkste - Pienavä. L. P. II, 4, 3; cp. e^ë A. 550. P. Šmits no Bindu Annas Raunä; A. 550. Jänis Dicmanis, Liegos, savä „Pasaku vâcelïtë" 18.LP. VII, II 25, 4, 1 u gp.), T.e. „B ogHoö crpaHe xmh KopoHb, y KoToporo 6hho Tpu cHHa. Ohm y3HaHM, mto y KopoHa, XMBy^ero 3a TpugeBaTb 3eMeHb, ecTb nTM^, ko-Topaa BHnoHHaeT Bce xeHaHua. <...> ByKa ^TM^ npuKocHyHca k HeMy cbomm kphhom, u cTapmuM 6paT npeBpaTMHca b 6epë3y". Be3 yxe yKa3aHHHx bo3moxhhx o6pagoBHx cooTBeTcTBUM noMMTaHua npycc. Curche b KyHbTypHon Tpagu^u boctomhhx 6aHT0B, MHguM^B, upaH^B, repMaH^B, KeHbToB [runoTeTMMecKM u xeTT0B] cooTBeTcTByro^ue peHMKTH KyHbTa nogo6Horo 6o-xecTBa npocHexuBaroTca u b MM^0H0ruMecK0M HacHeguu cHaBaH. K coxaneHuro, yno-MMHaro^eeca b nucbMeHHHx ucT0MHMKax 14 b. noMMTaHue cnaBaHaMM poraToro u 6h-Koo6pa3Horo 6oxecTBa Hammon ~ Suentebu(e)ck „cBaTon 6hk" BproKHepoM (Brückner 1980, 198) ucT0HK0BHBaeTca KaK myTKa. Bcë-TaKM, bo3moxho, mto He Bce 6oxecTBa, oTBeprHyTHe Huegepne (Niederle) u BproKHepoM, aBHaroTca MM^oHorMMecKMMM ^aHb-mUBKaMM M BHMHcHaMM, n0cK0HbKy peHMKTH KyHbTa 6hKa BecbMa MH0r0MUcHeHHH B o6pagoBoö Tpagu^u boctomhhx cHaBaH ([pe^HeKcH KyHbTa arpapHoro xapaKTepa] nogpo6Hee cm. Ph6aK0B 1981, 54 g., 230, 418; MBaHoB, TonopoB 1974, 169; [pe^HeK-ch KyHbTa aHMMaHucTMMecKoro xapaKTepa u cooTBeTcTBeHHo anoxw KoMeBoro o6pa3a xm3hm] Ph6aK0B op.cit. 84, 104; MBaHoB, TonopoB ibd.), ho sto Bonpoc gpyrux uccHe-goBaHMM. O6o6^aa Bce paccM0TpeHHHe BonpocH no reHe3ucy TeoHUMa npycc. Curche u peK0HcTpy^MM KyHbTa u ^yH^uö 3Toro 6oxecTBa, moxho cgeHaTb BHBog, mto npu-HMxeHHoe HeK0T0pHMM MccHegoBaTeHaMM 3HaMeHue HMHrBMcTMMecKoro aHaHM3a -„<...> BHMKaa b cy^HocTb 6oroB, b nepByro oMepegb Hago ycTaH0BMTb ux cmhchobh KoHTypH, a He ux MMeHa mhm ^opMH ohhx" (Greimas 1990, 171) - b caM0M geHe MMeeT nepBocTeneHHyro BaxHocTb, n03B0Haa He ToHbKo pacKpHTb npoucxoxgeHue TeoHUMa, ho u onpegeHMTb cmhch noMUTaHua 6ora, a TaKxe ycTaH0BMTb MM^oHoruMecKue B3au-MocBa3M c peHMKTaMM KyHbT0B0M cucreMoô gpyrux ME HapogoB. BblBOflbl 1. npu aHaHM3e TeoHUMa u KyHbTa npycc. Curche b nepByro oMepegb goHXHH uc-n0Hb30BaTbca gBa ^aKTOHoruMecKux ucToMHUKa: I. XpucT6yprcKMM MupHHM goroBop 1249 r.; II. HeKcuMecKue 3auMcTB0BaHua npu6aHTMMcKux ^mhhob - ^mhh. kurko, kurki „ein böser Geist, Teufel, Gespenst, Bär, Laus". MHTepnpeTa^u ^yH^MM u noMUTaHua 6epë30M m gbaB0H0M, cp. xeHaHHoe KyKoBaHue KyKymKM (ogHoro M3 3ooMop^HHx 06pa30B MëpTa - Šmitas op.cit. 176) b 6epe3OBOM po^e ^tm gaHHHe B3aTH M3 gaMH, ^0^T0My BecbMa apxauMHh) (Šmitas ibd., 178). Bcë-TaKM, HeHb3a urHopupoBaTb m B03M0XH0cTb pa3pemeHua ^T0M npo6HeMH nyTëM cHyMaÖHofi 3aMeHH eHM [cuMBoHa gbaBoHa - Vèlius 1987, 72] Ha 6epë3y (cp. Dundulienè 2008 , 84), cp. HMToBcKue o6pagh no-MMTaHMa yMepmux, Korga BMecTo eH0BHx BeToK gHa M3r0T0BHeHua MyMeHa nTM^i, cuMB0HM3MpoBaBmero gymy yMepmero m BemaBmeroca Hag ctohom, 6hhm Mcn0Hb30BaHH 6epë30BHe (cp. Dundulienè 2008, 32). BecbMa BaxHHM ^aKToM gHa ap^yMeHTa^MM TaKoM runoTe3H aBHaeTca m BepoBaHue hmtob^b, mto gyma yMepmero MyxMMHH nepeceHaeTca b 6epë3y (Dundulienè op.cit. 68; Vèlius op.cit. 169). 6o»ecTBa b Tpygax C. rpyHay, M. npeTopua u gp. aBTopoB aBnaeTca pe3y,bTaTaMu ux B006pa»eHua, He uMero^uMu HuHero o6mero c uctuhom. 2. npycc. 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Papildinäjumi un labojumi K. Mülenbacha Latviešu valodas värdnicai I-II, Riga:, 1934-38 (I), 1938-46 (II). Frisk I-III - Frisk H., Griechisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1960. IEW - Pokorny J., Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, I-II, Bern und München, 1959-1969. JBR I-V - Balys J. Raštai, 1-5. Parengé R. Repšie^. Vilnius: Lietuvi^ literatüros ir tautosakos institutas, 1998-2004. LE I-XXXVII - Lietuvi^ enciklopedija (t. 1-37). Bostonas: Lietuvi^ enciklopedijos leidykla, 1953-1985. LEW - Fraenkel E., Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch I-II. Heidelberg: Vandenhoeck & Rup-recht, 1962-1965. LKZ I-XX - Lietuvity kalbos žodynas, 1-20. Vilnius, 1956-1999; www.lkz.lt. LM I-III - Lietuvity mitologija, 1-3. Vilnius, 1995-2003. Mayrhofer I-III - Mayrhofer M., Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen, 1-3. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1956-1976. ME I-IV - Mülenbachs K., Latviešu valodas värdnica, 1-4. Redigejis, papildinäjis, turpinäjis J. Endzelins. Riga: Izglitibas ministerija (t. 1), Kultüras fonds (t. 2-4), 1923-1932. MP I-III - Pretorijus M., Prusijos jdomybes, arba Prusijos regykla, 1-3. Parenge Inge Lukšaite. Vilnius: Pradai (1 - 1999), Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla (2 - 2004, 3 - 2006). OLD - Oxford Latin dictionary. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1968. PEŽ I-IV - Vytautas Mažiulis. PrUsy kalbos etimologijos žodynas, 1-4. Vilnius: Mokslas (t. 1), Mokslo ir enciklopedij^ leidykla (t. 2, 3), Mokslo ir enciklopedij^ leidybos institutas (t. 4), 1988-1997. RV - RgvedaSamhitä. SRP - Scriptores rerum Prussicarum: Die Geschichtsquellen der Preussischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergange der Ordensherrschaft, hrsg. von Theodor Hirsch, Max Töppen und Ernst Strehlke, Bd 1-5, Leipzig: Verlag von S. Hirzel, 1861-1874. TS - TaittiriyaSarnhitä. flanb I-IV - flanb B., TonKGBUü cnoBapb mubgzg BenuKGpyccKozo h3ukü, 1-4. MocKBa: PyccKun H3HK, 1989-1991. MC - MutfonoaunecKuü cnoBapb. MocKBa: CoBeTcKaa ^H^uK^o^egufl, 1990. CoKpa^eHHa Ha3ßaHHH u gnaneKTOB Až - Ažulauke (BunbHrocKun p.) Ber - Berzaune 337 Ddv - Didvyžiai (BunKaBumKcKun p.) Dr - Drusti 303 Ev - Evele 268 Gst - Gastos (KanuHUHrpagcKaa o6n. - PoccuncKaa í>egepa^ufl) Jer - Jeri 260 Jer - Jerceni 269 Jnpb - Jaunpiebalga 310 Klv - Kalviai (KanmagopcKun p.) Lgl - Laugaliai (AHUKmTeHcKun p.) Mzs - Mazsalaca 248 phv. - pers^ (pehlevi) Pž - Pežaičiai (KnannegcKun p.) Raun - Rauna 296 rg. - ragüz^ [cMemaHHHH guaneKT gonMaTOB u 6ochuö^b] Rmd - Rimdžiünai (oKpyr MparamKro, BenapyccKaa Pecny6nuKa) Rüj - Rüjiena 254 Sal - Salgale 228 Stb - Stebuliškes (MapuaMnoncKun p.) Švb - Švobiškis (nacBanbcKun p.) Val - Valmiera 273 Vč - Večiai (CKyogeHcKun p.) Vkšn - Viekšnaliai (TanmancKun p.) Zs - Zasiečiai (3ueTanbcKun p., BenapyccKaa Pecny6nuKa) [gpyrue Ha3BaHua MecTHocTen KaK b LKŽ (cm. www.lkz.lt/dzl.php?11)] flpyrne coKpa^eHHH ibd. - CMOTpuTe TaM ^e, T.e. b ^TMpoBaHHoM MecTe npoM3BegeHMA op.cit. - opus citatum = y^e ^TMpoBaHHoe npoM3BegeHMe g. - ganbme = cMOTpuTe ogHy cTpaHM^ ganbme ra. - raaron u.n. - MMH npunaraTenbHoe u.c. - mmh cy^ecTBMTenbHoe T.g. - TaK ganee = cMoTpuTe gpyrue cTpaHM^i ganbme t.^. - Toro ^e caMoro 3HaneHMfl OPr. Curche: etymology of the theonym, functions of the deity; problematics concerning the establishment of cult conformity of the Eastern Baltic, Slavic and other IE tribes' ceremonial tradition Rolandas Kregzdis For the first time the name of the Prussian god Curche is mentioned in the peace treaty Friedensvertrag zwischen dem deutschen Orden und den abgefallenen Preussen in Pomesanien, Warmien und Natangen, geschlossen unter vermittelung des päpstlichen Nuntius und Assistenz des Bischofs von Culm (1249). It is possible to assert that it is not only the earliest mention of this deity in historical sources of the 13th century, but also one of a kind, as many authors of the latest period refer to this information. On the basis of data of the textual analysis, it is possible to put forward the assumption that sacrifice to the Prussian deity Curche in the usual way occurred at the end of September or the beginning of October. Therefore the cult ceremony of the god can not be correlated to a festival of the last sheaf of the grain, which happened in summertime. When summarizing the OPr. Curche mention data in the written sources and a way of its interpretation, it is necessary to emphasize, that there are no original gens on this deity, except for the Chrisburg peace treaty and the Finnish loans. It is obvious that interpretations of its functions and cult offered by Grunau, Praetorius and the other authors are determined by their imagination. Therefore it is necessary to agree with Mannhardt that the unique and valuable source of the data on this question is the fragment of the mentioned peace treaty which should be translated with special accuracy. Up till now, a total of about ten attempts have been made to explain the etymology of the word, but none is comprehensible, as all of them are based not on the objective facts or linguistic laws, but on the desire of the author to confirm the hypothesis of a reconstructed cult and functions of the deity. More often the pedigree guesses at the theonym are based not on the detailed analysis of a word - let alone the pseudo-etymological researches, using the argument of a phonetic homonymy: Kurche =? Kurikas -, but on the taken roots position, that the god Curche is a deity of crop and the patron of grain - that it is connected with a problem of translation of the Chrisburg text fragment. All researchers who have even fragmentarily mentioned a name of the god adhere to such an opinion. When defining etymological sources of the deity name on purpose in order to avoid the atomistic approach to the analysis of the problem, it is necessary to pay attention to the IE mythological material, received by a comparative method, which, despite Maziulis' scepticism concerning the too mythologized analysis of the name OPr. Curche, done by Toporov, is of vital importance. The existence of mythological conformity - meaning the facts of the peace treaty, in the ceremonial system of the other IE tribes - can be a rather important precondition not only for reconstruction of the functions of the deity, but also its name, as present attempts to explain an origin of cult and the theonym either frequently do not correspond to the principles of elementary logic [cf. I.Narbutas' offer to interpret the deity as the spittle of Dievas], or else are based on false linguistic theories, e.g. the comparison of the word groups of different origin, having anything in common with OPr. Curche, not only in the semantic but also in the morphological layer [cf. Büga's, Toporov's, Maziulis' hypotheses]. One of such ceremonial equivalents, possibly genetically close to a cult of OPr. Curche, is the veneration of the bull [cf. mentioned by M. Stryjkowski as the celebratory ceremony, during which was made the sacrifice of a calf], the deity of crops, worshipped by the ancient Greeks, Iranians [the cult of this god is considered as a main element of Mithraism], Indians, Celts, German and the other IE tribes. From the stated lexical material in the Prussian language on the value and structure to this theonym closely stands OPr. curwis "bull" E 672, therefore it is possible to make the cautious assumption of the following etymological development of the god's name: OPr. Curche/Kurke/< *Kurkas/Kurkus/ "the god of horned cattle" [with absorption of the radical -va-] < *Kurva-ka- "ditto" - the derivative form with suff. IE *-ko- from subst. (masc.) West. Balt. (dial.) *kurvas "bull" < West. Balt. *karva "cow". It is necessary to mention that, being based on lexical and possible mythological conformity of the East Baltic ethnic branch, it is possible to conclude the assumption of existence of the analyzed deity name in another little compositional form, i.e. *karvas. The Finnish kurko, kurki "a malicious spirit, a devil, a ghost, a bear, a louse", probably supporting the reconstruction of OPr. *Kurkas, are the second weighty acknowledgement of the presence of such a god in the Baltic pantheon. Also, it is possible to put forward the assumption that the analyzed deity and its feast not only reflect the most ancient Baltic ceremonial elements, but also the tradition of the other IE tribes, which could be dated to that period of time when our ancestors made one IE society. Probably, long since to this god has been attributed functions of the fruitfulness of bulls and cows, care over their health, etc. - doubtless confirmation of such a guess is the usage of a curative plant name in the dialects of the Lithuanian language, which possibly reflects a cult of a deity *Karvaitis. It is possible that this most ancient, i.e. primary, function of the deity is reflected in the semantics of the name OPr. Curche "the god of bulls". The truth is that in the mythological heritage of IE peoples reflexes are found of one more very important function connected to water elements and the cult of the moon the roots of which reach back to the days of the IE tribes' generality. Numerous semantic relicts of such a function are submitted in RgvedaSarnhita. Eventually, at the transition from a nomadic way of life to a settled one, began to vary - more precisely, have been added - the functions of the deity, also obvious in the emerging innovation: comparison of the god of bulls with terrestrial deities though at this new stage [the agrarian period], but some relicts of the most ancient mythological layer have been kept. By the time of the correlation of Curche with a deity of a vault, there had apparently arisen the function of the patron of a good harvest [not only cereal, but also other cultures and the branches of manufacture connected to natural resources, cf., beekeeping, etc.] which is secondary, and not reflected in the semantics of the theonym. Also, it is possible to admit the likelihood that eventually the primary function, reflected in the semantics of the theonym, had been partially forgotten. The god of bulls correlated to agriculture has subsequently been compared [probably, that this function is parallel primary] with a deity of the underground world. The reasons for the occurrence of such innovation probably can be connected with customs of cow idolatry in the prepredial period. The connection between functions of OPr. Curche and a terrestrial deity can be proved using the second original source - lexical loans of Baltic Finns. After the reform of the Prussian reli- gion, carried out by Vaidevutis and Brutenis, i.e. having ratified rules of the reverence of a new triad of gods instead of cult practice of the earlier period deities, ceremonies of OPr. Curche could be correlated to reverence of Patulas, the god of a vault and death. So it is possible to judge that two stages of cultural development of bull reverence commingled in the ceremonial tradition of the IE tribes: a symbol of fruitfulness - the bull ^ the owner of the cow herd [the period of a nomadic way of life - primary] + a deity of productivity ^ crop, as by it was carried out the ploughing of the ground [the agrarian period - secondary]. Due to the change of mythologeme sense "the bull - a symbol of fruitfulness" to "the bull - a deity of productivity", the shape of this animal has been ranked to zoomorphic images of terrestrial deities. Being based on the conclusions [though also hypothetical] of this analysis, it is possible to assert that the most ancient function of the god can be traced only from the morphological build and etymological value of the theonym. The functions, reconstructed according to the Finnish loans, reflect numerous changes of the different epochs dated from the time of the nomadic to the agrarian period of a settled way of life of the IE tribes. Proceeding from the accomplished analysis, it is possible to make the cautious assumption about the possible existence of an identical Prussian deity *the god of bulls cult in the East Baltic space in which the ceremonial system underwent a threefold change to the referent of reverence: I. [1 referent (A) ^ 2 referent (B)> BA] the god of bulls ^ a sheaf of cereals > a sheaf of cereals ["the visitor of a house"]; II. [1 referent (A) ~ an integrated attribute a ~ 3 referent (C) = Aa ^ Ca > CaA] the god of bulls ~ [an arable animal the ground [^ a deity of the ground (vault)] ~ a devil (Old Lith. velinas) > horned [and roaring as a bull] a deity of a vault; III. [2 referent (B) ^ cohyponym ß > 4 referent (D)] a sheaf of cereals ^ illness (sheaf) of cereals> "the rye woman". In the pantheon of Lithuanians this god [and in the deformed value] could be called by several names: Kurwaiczin Eraiczin "the god of lambs", Karwaitis "the god of calfs", Karvaiciai Eraiciai "a deity of a garden", Kurwajczin "ditto" // Baubas, Baubis, Jauczbaubis, Jaucziubaubis "the god of the domestic cattle, cows and bulls", Jaucziu Baubis "the god of shepherds", etc. It is necessary to stress that naming the god by several synonyms does not presuppose an opportunity to explain them as different deities. Latvians, probably, have absolutely forgotten a cult of the god of bulls - the reliable data confirming its reverence is laeking in the database of the Latvian folklore, except for several relicts. Without the already specified possible ceremonial conformity of the reverence of OPr. Curche in the cultural tradition of the East Balts, Indians, Iranians, German, Celts [hypothetically and Hittite], corresponding relicts of a similar cult are traced in a mythological heritage of the Slavs. Unfortunately, the veneration of the horned and bull-shaped deity Hammon ~ Suentebu(e)ck "the sacred bull", mentioned in the Slavic written sources of the 14th century is interpreted as a joke by Brückner. By generalizing all considered questions of the genesis of the theonym OPr. Curche and by reconstructing of its cult and functions, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the value of the linguistic analysis belittled by some researchers - "<...> penetrating in essence of gods, first of all it is necessary to establish their semantic contours, instead of their names or forms of these" (Greimas) - really is of vital importance, allowing one not only to reveal the origin of a theonym, but also to define the reverence sense of a god, and also to establish mythological interrelations with relicts of the cult system of the other IE tribes.