06 ogHOM 6anTO-cnaBHHCKOM apxau3Me: '3 x 9'
Onez 0. Mono6oB
This article discusses the origin of the nonary scale of notation in the East Slavic and Latvian languages. In the Balto-Slavic part of monograph "Indo-European Numerals" B. Comrie mentions that the origin of the nonary scale of notation in these languages remains vague. Now it is possible to confirm that in its general features the Slavs' nonary scale of notation has Indo-European roots. In the ancient chronological systems a 28-day month, consisting of four 7-day weeks, is based on the moon phase change, and a 27-day month, consisting of three 9-day weeks, corresponds to the period during which the Moon passes the Zodiac circle. This oposition has its justification in the modern astrophysical knowledge, according to which three varieties of the lunar month are distinguished. On the other hand, '9' is a multiplication of numerus perfectus 3. It also means the full number of counting units on different levels of the decimal scale of notation.
Cnoxunocb ycTOMHMBoe MHeHue o cy^ecTBOBaHMM oco6oro geBHTUHHoro chuc-neHMA b gpeBHepyccKOM H3HKe. A. M. Co6oneBcKuft [1926-1927: 451-453] c^opMynu-poBan ^TOT B3raag b cbomx "3aMeTKax no cnaBHHCKOM Mop^onoruu". Oh ccbmanca Ha cnegyro^ue npuMepH: b ogHoM U3 gpeBHepyccKux chob, o6nuqaro^ux pyccKux gBoeBepoB, roBopunocb, hto Te noKnoHHroTca "BunaMi u Mokoom, ynupeMi u 6e-perHHHM^, uxi^e Hapu^roTi Tpu 9 cecTpeHU^". CxogHoe HTeHue ecTb u y Cpe3-HeBCKoro: BipyroTi... b^ bmhh. ux^e huchom r .=. cecTpeHU^ Cn. XpucT. nauc. c6. (Cpe3H. I, 651). KpoMe Toro, Co6oneBcKuft HanoMHun U3BecTHyro ^opMyny pyccKux cKa3oK — "3a TpugeBHTb 3eMeW, a TaKxe npuBen oneHb Bbipa3UTenbHbie npuMepH c HucnuTenbHHM "TpugeBHTb" M3 cBage6Horo HUHa mockobckmx 6oap XVI-XVII bb. no cnucKaM "floMocTpoa". TaM roBopuTca, hto gna HoBo6paHHbix "u3roToBHT^ 3 deexmb cHonoBi pxaHbixi, nocTaBHT^ uxi ctommo m Ha to KoBep u nocTenro", "(6oapHHH gepxuTi Ha 6nrogi) 3 deexmb nocKyToB po3HHx^ ^■btobi KaMKM u Ta^TH, 3 deexmb niHH3en cepe6pHHbix,b 3ononeHHx^ ManHxt". K geBHTMHHoMy cneTy Co6oneBCKUM oTHec TaKxe pegKue npuMepH cneTa no 90 Bpoge coo6^eHMH Heu3BecTHoro no UMe-hm Cy3ganb^ o nyTu Ha ^nopeHTuftcKuft co6op: "ot, HoBaropoga go ncKoBa dea 90 Bepcn (ManuHUH, Grape^.. ^uno^eft, KueB 1901, npunoxeHua, cTp. 82, 77)".
CneT no geBHHocTa BcrpeHaeTca HaMHoro pexe, Hexenu co6cTBeHHo geBHTUH-hhm cneT. Oh TaKxe He npeBbimaeT ypoBHH Tpex, u ^TO, KaK u pogcTBo o6o3Hanaro-^ux, c6nuxaeT ero c geBHTUHHHM c^tom. Ha cneT "no geBHHocraM" yKa3an b cBoeM CnoBape Cpe3HeBcKUM (I, 650):
aomohti co ncKoBUHU ch mpeMX deexmcmu nn^HU 3eMnro ^UToBcKyro... dea Me deemocma Myxb oTnpoBagu ci nonoHoMi Bi ncKoBi HoBr. IV n.
06 ogHOM 6anTO-cnaBHHcKOM apxau3Me: '3 x 9'
6774 r.; ffBn Me öeBmocmn Myxb OTnpoBagu ct nonoHOMt, a bo eduHOMb öeBHHoemn caMt ch ocTa, xga no ce6i noroHM ncKOB. I n. 6773 r. Cpe3HeBCKMM gaeT TaKxe npMMepbi M3 cTapuHHHX ^onbKnopHHX TeKCToB:
ffBa öeBHHoema To MipHHXt BepcTt npoMexy o6,£gHM u 3ayTpeHM mb. toct. c. ffBa öeBHHoema To MipHHXt BepcTt npoixant MBaHymKa Bt gBa naca MBaH. roguH.
CneT no öeBxmcma, KaK u geBHTMHHHM cneT, coxpaHHeT o6pa3HocTb u pogcTBo c HapogHOö cnoBecHocTbro.
M. nonuBKa [Polivka 1927: 217-223] npuBen Maccy npuMepoB geBHTunHoro cneTa U3 BocTonHocnaBHHcKoro ^onbKnopa:
nocne noneTenu ohm 3a mpuöeBxmb 3euenb; 3aMHKaro h Bac mpuöeBxmbw 3aMKaMU, 3anuparo h Bac mpuöeBxmbw KnronaMu; noögy U3 BopoT BopoTa-mm BHgy h b ^MCToe none. B ^MCT0M nonu cTpe^ro mpuöeBxmb Mopb, mpude-Bxmb O3ep, mpuöeBxmb peK, mpuöeBxmb py^e^, mpuöeBxmb nymKO^. KaK c 3THX MOpb, c 3THX peK, c 3THX py^e^, c 3THX 3eneHbIX nymKO^ cTeKaeTcH bch Boga b cuHee Mope, TaK 6h y Moeö xhbotmhkm cTeKanocb M0n0^K0 b TMT0^KM; ogu3iMaTb mpuöeBxmb HnMeHUH; yu3xaeTb ioH y nyxoH ^pcrea, y nyxbH naKaneHUH y mpuduBamux rycygapcTBa u T.g. flamt ogHaxgH BcTpeTunocb BHpaxeHue: 3a ÖBa Ö3eBxmb 3euenb.* M. nonuBKa Hamen cxogHHe BHpaxeHMH b gpeBHerpenecKMX ucroHHMKax u b cbh3m c ^TMM npegnonoxun, hto BocTonHocnaBHHcKue ^opMH 3auMcTBobaHH y nep-homopckmx rpeKOB, c KOTopHMU BocTonHHe cnaBHHe KOHTaKTupoBanu1. B geöcTBU-TenbHocTU gaHHaH ^opMyna HacnegyeT UHgoeBponeftcKUM apxau3M, TaK KaK BcTpe-naeTcH m b gpyrux MHgoeBponeöcKMX H3HKax, BHe npegnonaraeMOö rpeK0-B0cT0HH0-cnaBHHcKOö napannenu.
B. yH6erayH [1935: 418-419] o6Hapyxun geBHTMHHHM cneT b gunnoMaTunecKoß nepenucKe 1515-1517 rr., cBH3aHHOö c kphmckmmm TaTapaMu:
odHy öeBxmb noMUHKOB B3Hn, 1516, flCK, II, 310; a ct HUMt 6h ecu npu-cnant ko mh^ öeBxmb KpenaTOBt, ga öeBxmb nopTM^t co6oneö, ga mpembm öeBxmb npumnu ropHocTaeBt, 1517, ibid., 445; gaö th cHHy MoeMy Anny OTt ce6H mpu öeBxmu noMMHKOBt, 1516, flCK, II, 274; noxanoBant ecMM cHHa cBoero Anna ^peBuna mpeua deBxmuu, u th gaö OTt ce6H cHHy mo-eMy Anny ÖBn deBxmu, a mpemem öeBxmb H3t eMy OTt ce6H gaMt M3t Ka3-hh, ibid.; npocu megt y MBaHa OTt ^pH Anny ^peBuny ÖBy öeBxmeü no-MMHKOB, ibid., 275; u gp. B KOMno3MTe mpuöeBxmb: u th 6h mh^ npucnant mpuöeBxmb KpeneTOBt MonoguKOBt, 1515, flCK, II, 156; ga 3a mpuöeBxmb noMMHKOBt 3anpocHHXt nTo6t 6Hno y3oponbe, 1517, ibid., 445. flaHHHe npuMepH MoryT OTpaxaTb tk>pkckmm o6Hnaö genaTb nogapKM-nogHome-hmh M3 9 pa3nunHHX npegMeTOB. Ecnu ^T0 TaK, to oh npoHBnHeTcH c "pyccKMM a^eH-tom", n0T0My nTO b nepenucKe ynoMMHaroTcH He npocTO geBHTb pa3nunHHX npegMeTOB, a TpugeBHTb "n0MUHK0B"-n0gapK0B, no geBHTb oguHaKOBHX npegMeTOB b Kaxgoö rpynne2.
* KpoMe cnoBeHcKoro BHpaxeHMH v deveto deželo (npuM. peg.)
1	HanpuMep, o xepTBe cBH^eHHOM po^e ^BMeHMg, KüTopyro gonxeH 6bin npuHecTM ^gM^ b KonoHe, r0B0-puTcH: rpic; evve' aürrj [rrj yrj] kXiü va^ e^ ä^oiv xeP'v Tiöei^ eWaia^ raaS eneii^eaSai Xira^. CornacHO ne-reHge, npe6HBaHue nu^aropa «in idäischen Grotte» gnunocb '3 x 9' gHeö: vewo^ia^evai rpi^ evvea ^^epai [Roscher 1904: 63].
2	Bnarogapro npo^. M. r. flo6pogoMOBa 3a yKa3aHue Ha stot o6Hnafi.
One¿ O. Xonoóoe
HeT cnegoB uHopogHocru b M0p^0cuHTaKcunecK0M npupoge BbipaxeHuñ odHy öeexmb, mpembw àeexmb, nocKonbKy nocnegHee coneTaHue o6HapyxeHo b ^pK0BH0-npaB0B0M ucTOHHuKe — KE XII, 242b (cm. nogpo6Hee Huxe). B nro6oM cnynae cneT no geBHTu onpe-genaeTcfl 3gecb He oco6hm geBATu^HbiM cnucneHueM, a puTyanbHon 0TMeneHH0CTbro nucna 9. B npuBegeHHbix npuMepax roBopuTca o "noMuHKax", T.e. gapax, npenogHocuMbix ^pcTBeHHbiM oco6aM. flapeHue b ^T0M cnynae BbicTynaeT b KanecTBe C0^uanbH0-Kynb-TypH0M cocraBnaro^eM b Mex^THUHecK0M gunnoMaTuu. no CBoeMy puTyanbHo-o6pago-B0My xapaKTepy oho HanoMuHaeT ynoMHHyToe nogHomeHue gapoB Ha CBagb6e.
TpygHo cornacuTbCH c yH6erayH0M, K0T0pbiM ycMaTpuBan b cneTe no geBHTu He npocTo TunonorunecKyro napannenb, a HenocpegcTBeHHoe TropKcKoe BnuaHue. He bh-xoga 3a paMKu o6HapyxeHHbix npuMepoB, onpoMeTHuBo genaTb nogo6HbiM BbiBog. M. ffleBeneB [Scherech 1952: 92] b cBoeñ KHure, nocBH^eHHon ucropuu cnaBHHcKux nucnu-TenbHHX, oTKnoHun ^T0 npegnonoxeHue yH6erayHa, n0T0My hto oho He TonbKo He cogep-xano goKa3aTenbcTB, ho u nporaBopenuno o6^eMy xapaKTepy TaTapo-TropKcKux 3auM-cTBoBaHuM y cnaBHH. ^Tu 3auMcTB0BaHuH He Kacanucb gyx0BH0-penuru03H0M c^epbi.
Cy^ecTByeT u coBpeMeHHaa TropKcKaa napannenb geBHTu^H0My cneTy. Hapagy c npuMepaMu cneTa no naTu u no gBag^Tu b oTgenbHbix TropKcKux H3HKax, Hamenca noKanbHHM npuMep npuMeHeHua cneTa no geBHTu y xeH^uH b xa3apacncK0M roBope y36eKcKoro H3HKa: íkkí dokkÏ3 HöpäK '18 nenemeK', yn dokkÏ3 nämijp '27 nenemeK', a TaK-xe b roBopax ëMygcKoro guaneKTa TypKMeHcKoro H3HKa: íkkí dokky3 — 18) [^ep6aK 1977: 140]. 06pa^aeT Ha ce6a BHuMaHue 6htobom, yTunuTapHbiM xapaKTep ^T0^0 cne-Ta. noHHTHo, HT0 Hpe3BbiHaMHaH cKygHocTb u noKanbHaa orpaHuneHHocTb ^T0^0 Ma-Tepuana cBugeTenbcTByeT b nonb3y 3aKnroneHua ffleBeneBa u no3BonaeT paccMaTpu-BaTb ero numb KaK egBa BbipaxeHHyro u oTganeHHyro TunonorunecKyro napannenb.
M. ffleBeneB oco6o nognepKHyn HapogHbrn xapaKTep TeKcT0B c geBATu^HbiM cneT0M u oTBepr KaKoe-nu6o ^pK0BH0-KHuxH0e BnuaHue. BMecTe c TeM oh npuBen npuMepH aHanoruHHoro geBHTu^Horo cneTa b naTbimcK0M, yKa3aB Ha ero 0TcyTcTBue b nuT0BcK0M. ffleBeneB npegnonoxun, hto b naramcK0M ^onbKnope cKa3anocb ce-BepHo-pyccKoe BnuaHue, o6ycnoBneHHoe cocegcTB0M c ncK0B0-H0Br0p0gcKuM peruo-H0M. CaMa ^opManbHaa peanu3a^uH geBHTu^Horo cneTa b naTbimcK0M coBnagaeT co cnaBHHcK0M, u cneT geBHTKaMu 3gecb TaKxe He npeBbimaeT ypoBHH Tpex. C gpyron cTopoHH, ffleBeneB He o6Hapyxun hchhx cBugeTenbcTB ^uHHo-yropcKoro BnuaHua b pacnpocTpaHeHuu geBHTu^Horo cneTa.
Cp. oTgenbHHe npuMepH ynoTpe6neHua nucnuTenbHoro mpuàeexmb b naram-ckux 3aroBopax, K0T0pbie BKnroneHbi b craTbro ^. Onyne [1993: 130 u gp.]:
"Tpoe MyxnuH 6pegyT no Mopro, y Bcex po3H b pyKax. Bce Bce [po3bi] ynanu b Mope, yT0Hynu, ucne3nu, pacceanucb, n0T0Hynu Ha gHe — cuhhh, Kpac-Haa, 6enaa; gpyrue pa3Hbie — yBHgmue, 3acoxmue KaK Ta6aHHbm nucT. B Mope mpuàeexmb Ky3He^B, mpuàeexmb M0n0TK0B, mpuàeexmb HaKoBaneH: ohu ux 3aKyroT, ohu ux pa3o6broT, ohu ux 3aceKyT mpudeexmbm MenaMu — noru6nu, pa3Beanucb Bce, KaK nyHa Ha y^ep6e, KaK cTapbiM rpu6-gox-geBuK" (ot poxu)3;
3 "Tris viri brien pa jüru, visiem rozes roka. Visas visas iekrita jüra, noslika, pazuda, izklida, iegrima dibenazila, sakrana, balta; citas dažadas — savitušas, sakaltušas ka tabaka lapa. Jüra trejdevini kalëji, trejdevini amari, trejdevinas laktas: tie vinas sasitis, tie vinas sakapas trejdeviniem zobeiniem — iznika, izputëja visas ka vecs mënesis, ka vecs püpedis" (rožu vardi).
06 ogHOM 6anT0-craBSHcK0M apxaH3Me: '3 x 9'
"npugyT c Mopa mpudeexmb mothhm, mpudeexmb rpoMOB, ohm tc6h pa3rpo-mht, ohm tc6h 3a6broT Ha TpugeBHTb cameH, Ha mpudeexmb MUTb b 3eMnro. TaM tbom 0Te^ TaM tboh MaTb, TaM tbom 6paTbH, TaM tbom cecTpbi, TaM th caM, TaM th BHyTpu ocTaBaftcH, BoBeKu HaBepx He nogHUMaftca — noKa ^T0 coth^, noKa ^Ta 3eMTH [cy^ecreyeT] — 6e3 koh^" (ot ucnyra)4. KoMnoHeHTH HucnuTenbHoro mpudeexmb MoryT ynoTpe6nHTbca He3aBucuMo, 6ygyHu o6^eguHeHHHMM KOM^O3M^MOHHO. Cp.:
"ffeexmb HepHHX MymuKOB, deexmb BopoHHX KOHeft, deexmb HepHHx ncoB — c6emanucb, cbexanucb Ha mpex nepeKpecTKax, Mem mpex KaMHeft. TaM MymuKu cxBaTunu, TaM kohm 3anaranu, TaM ncH pacrep3anu [Toro], kto nyraeT Moero pe6eHKa, kto He gaeT eMy cnaTb". .aTHmcKue ^onbKnopHHe hctohhhkh, KaK 6hto ycTaH0BneH0, o6nagaroT Hpe3-BHHaftHOM apxauHHocTbro. TaK, naTHmcKue npuMepH 3aroBopoB, npogonmaa gpeB-Hroro TpagM^Mro, no3BonaroT cocTaBMTb npegcraBneHue o6 HHgoeBponeftcKoft cTpyK-Type ^T0^0 poga TeKcTOB (cm. [.eKOM^Ba 1993: 212 u gp.]). Hucna-cuMBonH b ^TOM TpagM^MM, KaK u b gpyrux cnyHaax, oTpamaroT cBoftcTBa peanbHHx o6^eKTOB c no-ctohhhom cTpyKTypoft. B Hacraocru, HucnuTenbHHe '3 x 9', htm '27', nepegaroT nonHO-cqeTHoe MHO^ecTBO — hhcto gHeft nyHHoro Mec^a (cm. Hume).
B cbomx cTaTbHx [^oto6ob 2002: 300] mh npuHHTu KaK gaHHocTb yTBepmgeHue M. ffleBeneBa o6 oTcyTcTBuuu Tonoca '3 x 9' b thtobckom H3HKe npu pacnpocTpaHeH-hoctm ero b naTHmcKux HcTOHHHKax. npu nepenpoBepKe ^T0^0 BHBoga BbrncHunocb, hto oh coBepmeHHo 6e3ocHOBaTeneH. BamHoe MecTo b thtobckom TpagM^MM 3aHHMa-to 6omecTBo nnogopoguH CaM6apuc, KOTopoe cBH3aHo c npa3gHMKOM Sambarios htm Saborios, Ha3HBaeMHM TaKme "Tpw^gw geBATb" [Mh^h 1997: II, 398]5. Oh TaK Mor Ha3HBaTbcH noTOMy, hto Ha npa3gHHK "KamgHM 3eM^ege^e^ Ha6upan no deexmb non-hhx npuropmHeft 3epHa pa3HHx copTOB... u pa3genan Kamgyro Ha mpu HacTu. nocne ^T0^0 dead^mb ceMb KyHeK 3epHa pa3Horo copTa ccbmanu b ogHy u nepeMemuBanu..." [$p^3ep 1998: 503-504]. OnucaHue npa3gHHKa 6hto gaHo b XVIII b. M. npeTopuy-com. Oho npuBoguTcH TaKme y flm. $p^3epa.
CnaBHHcKuft apean pacnpocTpaHeHHH HucnuTenbHoro mpudeexmb BOBce He orpaHMHeH BocTOHHocnaBHHcKoft o6nacTbro. EcTb ero cnegH y 3anagHHx cnaBHH, b nonbcKux HcTOHHHKax (SP III, 91). O6pa3 '3 x 9' 3acBugeTenbcTBOBaH b 3anagH0-cnaBHHcKOM H3HHecKOM puTyane: "npu ragaHHHx BopoHoro kohh TpuraaBa TpumgH Bogunu Hepe3 geBHTb Konuft, nonomeHHHx Ha 3eMnro" [Mh^h 1997: II, 524]. Coraac-ho HegaBHeft ^y6^HKa^HH, HucnuTenbHoe mpudeBem BcrpeHaeTca b roro-3anagHHx 6onrapcKux roBopax, a b gpyrux ^onbKnopHo-guaneKTHHx 6onrapcKux MaTepuanax ynoTpe6naeTcH K0Mn03HT mpumdeeem [BuTaHOBa 2001: 15-16]6. ^TH npuMepH no3Bo-
4	3gecb TOHHee 6hto nepeBecTH mpuMdu deexmb. Cm.:
"Naks no juras trisreiz devinas zibenes, trisreiz devini perkoni: tie tevi spers, tie tevi sitis pa trisreiz devini asi, pa trisreiz devini judzi iekš zemes. Tur tavs tevs, tur tava mate, tur tavi brali, tur tavas masas, tur tu pats, tur tu iekša paliec, mužam augša necelies, — kamer ši saule, kamer ši zeme — bez gala" (izbila vardi).
5	Bnarogapro npo^. n. flHHH 3a nogTBepmgeHMe npHHagnemHocTH aToro npa3gHHKa thtobckom TpagM^MM h yKa3aHue Ha cooTBeTcTByro^yro cnoBapHyro cTaTbro.
6	Cp., HanpuMep: (^wp^x caMoeuna)
Mu npeeena mpudeeem u3eopu M odHecna bony b paMHO none;
.aroT ycMaTpMBaTb b c.ynaax ucno.b3OBaHua nogo6HHx huc.obhx BHpaxeHun npo-go.xeHue o6^ecnaBaHcKon npa^opMH.
B page ^TUM0^0^uHecKux c.oBapen Huc.uTe.bHoe deeznocbmo TpaKTyeTca KaK npac.aBaHcKaa gua.eKTHaa uHHOBa^ua. OTMenaeTca, mto gaHHoe Huc.uTe.bHoe — c.eg gpeBHero cneTa geBaTKaMu, TaK mto deeznocbmo go.xHo noHUMaTbca KaK "ge-BaTHaa coTHa" (SP III, 88; HP^ I, 73-75). KaK 6bino n0Ka3aH0 b pa6oTe Xohtm [1989: 159-164], g.a ^T0^0 npegno.oxeHua HeT HagexHHx ocHOBaHun.
B 6anTO-cnaBaHCKOM pa3ge.e MOHorpa^uu "Indo-European Numerals" B. KoMpu [Comrie 1992: 722], nogBoga uToru MHoro.eTHux ucc.egoBaHun, oTMenaeT, mto npo-ucxoxgeHue "HOHa.bHOM" cncreMbi cnucneHua b BocTOHHoc.aBaHcKux a3HKax u b .aTHmcKOM ocTaeTca HeacHHM (orpaHuneHue geBaTUMHoro cnucneHua BocroHHocna-BaHCKMMM u naTHmcKMM a3HKaMu, BepoaTHo, BH3BaHo onopon Ha pa6oTy ffleBeneBa).
BonpeKM ^TOMy B3r.agy, c.egyeT 3aK.K>HUTb, mto geBaTUMHoro cnucneHua He cy^ecTBOBa.o, a geBaTUHHHM cneT 6h. orpaHuneH u He nepexogu. TpoeKpaTHoro py-6exa ('3 x '). ^TOT cneT y c.aBaH uMeeT uHgoeBponencKue KopHu. HucnuTe.bHbie '7' u '9' y gpeBHux uHgoeBponen^B BapbupyroT, nocKo.bKy BHpaxaroT "KOHKypeHTHbie" ^opMW qneHeHMH BpeMeHHoro KOHTMHyyMa — b HacTHocru, npoMexyTKu .yHHo-ro Ka.eHgapa [Roscher 1904: 73 u gp.]. B gpeBHux xpoHonorunecKux cucTeMax 28-gHeBHHM Meca^ cocToa^un u3 MeTHpex 7-gHeBHHx Hege.b, ocHOBHBaeTca Ha cMeHe nyHHHx ^a3, a 27-gHeBHHM Meca^ cK.agHBaro^unca u3 Tpex 9-gHeBHHx Hege.b, co-oTBeTcTByeT nepuogy, b TeneHue KoToporo ^yHa npoxoguT 3oguaKanbHHM Kpyr7. B ^.om ^TO npoTUBonocTaB.eHue HaxoguT noggepxKy b coBpeMeHHHx acTpo^u3uqe-ckux npegcTaB.eHuax, cor.acHo KOTopHM pa3nunaroT Tpu pa3HOBugHocTu .yHHoro Meca^ [Beppu 1904: 66-67; P^C 2001: 937]: a) cuHogunecKun Meca^ — nepuog cMe-hh nyHHHx ^a3, paBHHM 29,5306 cpegHux co.HeHHbix cyTOK; 6) cugepunecKUM Meca^ — BpeMa no.Horo o6opoTa ^yHH BOKpyr 3eM.u oTHocuTe.bHo 3Be3g, paBHHM 27,3217 cyTOK; b) gpaKOHunecKun Meca^ — npoMexyTOK Mexgy gByMa noc.egoBaTenbHHMu npoxoxgeHuaMu ^yHH nepe3 oguH u tot xe y3e. op6uTH, paBHHM 27,2122 cyTOK8. "... Kyga hu npoHuKaeT B3raag xpoHo.ora, oh Be3ge o6HapyxuBaeT uMeHHo .yHHoe cnucneHue b ocHOBe nepBUMHoro Ka.eHgapa" [Mge.bcoH 1925: 93]9.
OTMeneHHaa PomepoM KOHKypeH^ua gByx xpoHOTunoB b geMcTBUTe.bHocru Mor.a o3HanaTb npoTUBonocTaB.eHue "<^a3OBoro" u "3Be3gHoro" Meca^B KaK xo3hm-CTBeHHO-öbiTOBOM u pMTyanbHO-MaruqecKOM KaneHgapHwx cucTeM. O puTya.bHo-MarunecKon npupoge 3Be3gHoro Meca^ aBcTBeHHo cBugeTe.bcTByeT 3anagHoc.a-
Müe 6e$me mpüdeeem mÖMHun'a
Ma nyea^Me ¿dpa Eosdänoe;
Toü cb nyn nponyn npuc mpuMÖee'tm KbdbnbKb,
mb My cb npamunu mpuMÖee'tm Menmu öbKnuHKU.
Bnpo^eM, m ^a3OBHM nogxog Mor npuBoguTb k TpoMMHOMy MneHeHuro nyHHoro ^MK^a. Cp. BHgeneHMe Tpex ^a3 b 3aroBope:
na hobom Mec^e u na Bemxu Mec^e, u na nepeKpoe Mec^e, eo sex MeMeHHue öhu, He Mozna 6u oHa, paöa Eomux H., 6e3 Menxpa6a Eomux H., nu Mumb, nu 6umb PycHap, 251. A. Beppu [1904: 67] npuBoguT 3HaKM, KOTopHe M3gaBHa Mcnc»ib3OBa.racb gna o6o3Ha^eHua y3^oB op6uTH gyHH. gro6onbiTHo 3aMeTMTb, mto ohm o^eHb HanoMMHaroT raaronuMecKMe 6yKBH Bege m go6po. "BepoaTHo, b He3anaMaTHHe BpeMeHa 6bino yxe 3aMe^eHo, mto nepuog MepegoBaHua .yHHHx ^a3, T.e. HOBcyHua, nepBOM MeTBepTM, nonHcyHua m nocnegHefi MeTBepTM npogonxaeTca ^pM6.íM3MTe^bHc 29Vi gHen; paBHHM o6pa3OM, mto ^pM6.íM3MTe^bHc Mepe3 27^ gHen AyHa c6cMga Bce He6o, BHOBb BO3Bpa^aeTca k tom xe 3Be3ge" [Mge.bcoH 1925: 94].
06 ogHOM 6aflTo-cnaBaHCKoM apxaM3Me: '3 x 9'
BaHCKaa a3biHecKaa npaKTMKa, Korga KoHa-opaKyna b CBaTunu^e TpurnaBa Tpuxgw npoBogunu Hepe3 geBaTb Konun, pa3noxeHHbix Ha 3eMne.
".yHHbin CHeT no "He6ecHbiM" Meea^M, b oTnuHue ot "khhxhhx" Meea^B ronuaHCKoro KaneHgapa, y Hac Ha Pyeu ey^ecTBoBan oHeHb gonro, BnnoTb go neTpoB-ckmx BpeMeH" [Cbhtckmm 1961: 101]. Cm. yKa3aHua Ha Herape ^a3bi euHoguHecKoro Meea^ b pa3HHX gpeBHepyecKux MCToHHUKax, a TaKxe eoo6^eHue o 27-gHeBHoM, eu-gepuHecKoM, Meea^:
ce coyTb w6pa3H noyHbHuu Herape -a-ie hoboie rnroTb(c) • m^cahbhhm Ha-puHroTb • -B-ie nepeKpou -r-ieie • w6oraMo rop6aBo -g-ie cb^tho KH 1285-1291, 566a-6; a ce nyHaM^. nepeKpou. u nonHbß. u HacTaTbß. nepeKpou b^ .m. gHb. nonHbg b^ .¿"i. gpyru nepeKpou noenigHu b^ .kb. a ucxo(g) u HacTaTbie m^m b noyHHM^í. kohmko b K(o)ieu gHuu H3H 1354, 169b;
vs.
.yHa... Kpyn MiHyieTb gB^Ma xe gecATbMa u -p- gHuu u TpeTMHoro ieguHoro gHe peKme -m- Ha(e) nan 1406, 86. B "fflecTogHeBe" MoaHHa ^K3apxa BonrapcKoro, co3gaHHoM bo BTopon nonoBMHe IX b., ho coxpaHMBmeMca numb b no3gHux cnucKax, TaKxe yKa3biBanocb, hto ".yHa npoxoguT "Kpyr xmbothhm" (T.e. coBepmaeT oguH nonHbiö o6opoT no CBoen op6uTe, npoxoga Hepe3 Bee eo3Be3gua 3oguaKa) 3a 27% gHa. ^TO to, hto b eoBpeMeHHon acTpo-hommm eooTBeTCTByeT 3Be3gHoMy, unu eugepuHecKoMy, Meca^y. BonrapcKun nuea-Tenb Ha3HBaeT u gpyryro npogonxuTenbHocTb Meea^ — 29,5 gHa. B ocHoBe TaKoro Meea^ nexuT npoMexyToK BpeMeHM Mexgy gByMa oguHaKoBWMM ^a3aMM .yHbi (T.e. nyHHHM, unu CMHoguHecKUM, Meea^" [BapaHKoBa 1978: 54].
Mexoga M3 CHeTa gHen 3Be3gHoro KaneHgapa, "MaruHecKue ^opMynbi", KoTopwe o6a3aTenbHo eonpoBoxganu npuroToBneHue neKapcTBeHHbix CHago6uM, eornacHo gpeBHepuMCKMM MCToHHMKaM, Tpe6oBanoeb npou3HoeuTb 9 unu 3 x 9 pa3, M3 9 KHur KyMaHCKon CuBunnw no nereHge y^nenu 3 u eonpoBoxganu ux Ha npo^eeuax "ter novenae virgines", a b KenbTCKux naMaTHMKax '3' MoxeT BapbupoBaTb e '27', eoHeTaHue HuenuTenbHHx '3' u '9' 3a^MKCupoBaHo b upaHCKux MCToHHMKax u repMaHCKux ropu-guHecKux TeKCTax (cm. [Numbers 1961, 410-411; Roscher 1904, 56, 65)] u t. g. PagoM e mckohhom MOTMBa^MeM HuenuTenbHoro '3 x 9' eoey^ecTByeT ero BTopuHHaa eooTHe-ceHHoeTb e numerus perfectus '3', Ha ^oHe KoToporo '9' u '27' oToxgecTBnaroTca e ero MynbTunnuKaTMBHbiMM oTo6paxeHuaMM.
flpeBHeenaBaHCKue KoHTeKCTbi e ynoMMHaBmuMuca paHee "TpwgeBHTbro ce-cTpeHM^MM" — 6eperuHaMM unu BunaMM — MoryT 6biTb pogcTBeHHbiMM BeguMCKon TpagM^MM, b KoTopon 27 goHepen 6ora flaKmu, ^epcoHM^M^Mpyro^Me CMgepMHecKMM MecaHHbiM ^MKn, 6binu oTgaHH b xeHH 6ory CoMe, CBa3aHHoMy e .yHon, pacTMTenb-HocTbro u Bnaron. ^TM aTpu6yTbi npuey^u u enaBaHCKUM 6eperuHaM unu BunaM, a MHgoeBponencKaa napannenb npoacHaeT ux npouexoxgeHue u ^yH^uoHanbHocTb. Mexgy enaBaHCKon u BeguMCKon nuHuen 3geeb enumKoM MHoro exogHoro, hto6h oKa3aTbea npocraM eoBnageHueM. B ueenegoBaHuax no MM^onoruu b xapaKTepucTM-Ke ^TMx nepeoHaxen (6eperuHb u bmh) go eux nop HeT gaxe BuguMocTM eguHCTBa (cm. [CnaBaHCKue gpeBHocTM 1995: 155-156, 369-371])10.
10 Cp. b CBa3M e 3TMM flro6onbiTHoe 3aMeHaHMe fl. O. CBaTCKoro [1961: 83-84]: "CTapbie ^onbKnopMCTW A^a-HaebeB, KBamHMH-CaMapMH m gp. e^e b 60-70-x rogax npomnoro CToneTMa CHMTanu enaBaHCKoro 6ora Beneea 6oxecTBoM .yHbi, ho noenegyro^ue aTHorpa^w ocTaBMnu sto 3aMeHaTenbHoe c6nMxeHMe 6e3
B to »e BpeMa cnegyeT MMeTb b Bugy, hto '9' uMeeT oco6yro npupogy. Oho 060-3HaHaeT nonHoe qwcno cHeTHbix egMHM^ Ha pa3Hbix ypoBHax gecaTM^Horo c^Mcne-hma. ^0^T0My b gpeBHerpeHecKoM cHeTHoM uHCTpyMenre — a6aKe — cHeT, Haxogacb b rpaHM^x gecaTuHHoro cHucneHua, ^aKTuHecKu Benca c noMo^bffl geBaTu KaMem-K0B (6060B, K0CT0HeK M nog.) Ha pa3HbIX ypOBHHX ^T0^0 CHuCHeHua11. fleMCTBMTenbHO,
egMHM^ b gecHTMHHoM cHeTe — 9, gecaTKoB — 9, coTeH — 9 u T.g. Bonee HeM aBCTBeHHo ^Ta 0C06eHH0CTb gecaTuHHoro cHucneHua npoaBunacb b rpeHecKon, a 3aTeM u b rpe-K0-CnaBHHCK0M nMCbMeHH0M TpagM^MM. B rpeHeCK0M M CnaBHHCK0M cucTeMax ^M^po-bhx o6o3HaHeHMM poBHo 27 3HaK0B, KoTopbie pa36uBaroTca Ha 3 rpynnbi no 9 3HaK0B b Kaxgon. cm.:
nepBHe geBHTb 3HaK0B — eguHu^I
1	a'	f •
2	P'	•
3	y'	•r •
4	5'	•A|
5	s'	•t •
6	<	•s-
7	Z'	
8	n'	• b •
9	0'	•9
BTopHe geBHTb 3HaK0B — gecflTKM
1	i'	•T •
2	k'	• r •
3	X'	• k •
4	H'	• v
5	v'	• H •
6		•!•
7	o'	• 0 •
8	n'	• n •
9	i'	• G
TpeTbM geBHTb 3HaK0B — coTHM
1	p'	•P •
2	a'	•c •
3	t'	• n •
4	u'	•v •
5		
6	x'	
7		•4
8		• 7
9		•z •
B tom, hto Kupunnu^ tohho cnegyeT 3a rpeHecKon ^M^MpbK>, u b tom, hto 0Ha pacnpocrpaHunacb, HecMoTpa Ha cy^ecTBoBaHue rnaronuHecKon nucbMeHHocTM, Henb3H He BugeTb cBugeTemcTB onepexaro^ero ycBoeHua cnaBaHaMu rpeHecKon 6yK-BeHHon ^M^MpM no cpaBHeHuro co 3ByK0BHM an<^aBuT0M. Cy^ecTByroT u "goKyMeH-TupoBaHHHe cBugeTemcTBa ucnonb30BaHua ^M^poBHx 3anucen" yxe b cepeguHe u bo BTopon nonoBuHe X b. b TaMaHu u Benon Bexe, "rge Pycb TecHo conpuKacanacb c BM3aHTMHCKMM MupoM u Xa3apuen" [MegbiH^Ba 2000: 245]. ^T0My ecTb u nro6onbiT-Haa napannem, KoTopaa yxe npuBogunacb, — onepexaro^ee pa3BuTue ^M^poBHx o6o3HaHeHun b gpeBHenmux cucreMax nucbMeHHocTu u, TaKuM 06pa30M, ^pogy^M-
gocTaToHHoro BHuMaHua, 0CTaH0BMBmMCb Ha Benece, KaK ToniKo Ha cKoTbeM 6ore. "Benec u Meca^ — roBopun KBamHuH-CaMapuH, — uMeroT MHoro tohck c0npuK0CH0BeHua. PoraTHn Meca^ npaMo npocunca b 6ora cKoTa, 3aragKu gaxe Ha3HBaroT ero nHCHM BonoM. nacTyxu, KoHyro^ue b none, k KoMy gonxHH 6binu o6pa^aTbca c MonuTBon o cboux cTagax, ecnu He k Mec«^y? CpaBHeHue Meca^a c nacTbipeM, a 3Be3g c ob^mu caMoe ecTecTBeHHoe, u gencTBuTenbHo ynoTpe6naeTca b Hapoge...".
11 moxho npegcTaBuTb nanb^Boft cHeT, TaKxe 0CH0BaHHbift Ha geBaTu. npaBaa pyKa b stom cnyHae Morna 6h Bonno^aTb "nepByro geBaTb" b 6uHapH0M pa36ueHuu: '5' ("6onbmoft" nane^ u aM6uBaneHTHbie '4' ("yKa3a-TenbHHn" ^ane^ — 1 u 5 + 1, "cpegHun" ^ane^ — 2 u 2 + 5, "6e3biMaHHbift" ^ane^ — 3 u 3 + 5 u "Mu3uHe^' — 4 u 4 + 5. nanb^i neBon pyKu Torga nepegaBanu 6h cocTaB "BTopon geBaTu", T.e. o6o3HaHanu 6h gecaT-ku c aHanoruHHon 6uHapHon pa36uBKon. Cp. y flana (III, 11): Oub nanb^Mb enemy He 3Haem; Cb nanb^Mb deexmb! roBp. ocTpaKu, nogaBaa pyKy. Cp. cep6oxopBaTCKue ^oHoBbie gna peKoHCTpy^uu MnnrocTpa^MM: HucnuTenbHoe '9' b HapogHon peHu Moxer o6o3HaHaTb HeonpegeneHHoe 6onbmoe Hucno; ynoTpe6naroTca BHpaxeHua ni pet ni devet 'ceftHac, He oTKnagHBaa', pet za devet dati (nekome) 'o6MaHyTb' (cm. SP III, 91).
06 ogHOM 6aflT0-cnaBaHcK0M apxau3Me: '3 x 9'
pyro^MM xapaKTep ^u^upu no oTHomeHuro k caMoft nMCbMeHHOCTM. He cnynaMHo b gpeBHecnaBHHCKOM neKceMe nucmu, MMeroqefl UHgoeBponeftcKoe npoucxoxgeHue, co-BMe^anMCb 3HaneHUa 'cnUTaTb', 'nUTaTb', ^eHUTb, nOHMTaTb' (Cpe3H. III, 1525-1526).
B CBH3M c BHmeH3no«eHHHM 6bmo 6bi ecTecTBeHHO oxugaTb, nTo HananbHaa rnaronu^ 6ygeT cogepxaTb nucno 6yKB0^u^p, KpaTHoe 9. ^TUM ycnoBuaM ygoBneT-BopaeT HananbHbift rnaronunecKuft an^aBUT, KoTopbift 6bin peKoHcrpyupoBaH H. C. Tpy6e^KUM [Trubetzkoy 1954: 22]: b HeM 36 6yKB0^u^p. OgHaKo ^T0T cocTaB He 3a-Kpenunca, noToMy nTo B03HUKH0BeHue rnaronu^i o6a3aHo o6cToaTenbcTBaM, ganeKo npeBocxoga^UM noTpe6HocTU b cocTaBneHUu cneTHbix 3anuceft. B TpaKTaTe Xpa6pa roBopuTca, nTo cnaBaHcKUM an^aBUT cogepxuT 38 6yKB:
h c^iTBOpH hm^, a- niiCMenA h ocMt Xpa6p k. IX - h. X cn. 1348, 101 o6.
KaK u3BecTHo, gna o6o3HaneHua Tbican, gecaTKoB u coTeH Tbican b rpeKo-cna-bhhckom a36yKe ucnonb30Banucb o6o3HaneHua nepBbix Tpex pa3pagoB, gononHeHHbie oco6biMU 3HanKaMU. TaKMM o6pa3oM, c noMo^bffl 27 3HaKoB ygaBanocb nepegaTb cKonbKo yrogHo 6onbmue nucna. CoBnageHue cTpyKTypbi rpeKo-cnaBaHcKoro an^a-BUTa c Tpagu^uoHHbIM cuMBonunecKUM BbipaxeHueM '3 x 9' He Morno He co3HaBaTb-ca. Tpagu^uoHHaa cuMBonuKa ^T0^0 nucnoBoro BbipaxeHua b a36ynH0M ^u^upu He-MuHyeMo nonynana HoByro ^opMy Bonno^eHua. B 6yKBeHH0M ^u^upu cuMBonuKa nonHocneTHoro MHoxecTBa npuo6peTana 3aBepmaro^uft xapaKTep b ugee ucnepnaH-hoctu KonunecTBeHHoro paga. CaKpanbHo-MarunecKaa npupoga an^aBUTa oTnoxu-nacb b K0M^03U^U0HH0M ^urype aKpocTuxa.
B flpeBHeft Pycu 6bina u3BecTHa caKpanbHo-MarunecKaa cuMBonuKa 27-6yKBeH-hom rpeKo-cnaBaHcKoft a36yKu. #pKuft npuMep T0My oguH u3 Hau6onee gpeBHux a6e-^gapueB, 3anucaHHbix Ha cTeHe KueBcKoft Co^uu b XI b. HaftgeH oh 6bin u BnepBbie onucaH C. A. BbIC0^KUM [1976: 12 u cneg.], a HegaBHo BH0Bb paccMoTpeH A. A 3a-nu3HaK0M [1999: 555-558], KoTopbiM yKa3an Ha ero "neTKo o^yTUMbift caKpanbHbift xapaKTep". B ^T0M rpeK0-cnaBaHcK0M an^aBUTe numb 27 6yKB, u ^0^T0My oh He Mor ucnonb30BaTbca no cBoeMy npaMoMy Ha3HaneHuro — KaK nepeneHb 3HaK0B gna 3a-nucu cnaBaHcKoft penu. B an^aBUTe 24 6yKBbi rpenecKue, a 3 — cnaBaHcKue — e, 0. npuneM rpenecKaa 6yKBa ncu 3anucaHa cxogHo co cnaBaHcKoft 6yKBoM mTa. CnaBaHcKue 6yKBbi 3aMeHaroT oTcyTcTByro^ue rpenecKue 6yKBbi cTurMa, Konna u caMnu, KoTopbe uMenu numb ^u^poBoe 3HaneHue u b o6binHyro rpenecKyro a36yKy He BKnro-nanucb. An^aBUT HanuHaeTca c anb^bi (no-cnaBaHcKu a3») u 3aKaHnuBaeTca oMeroft (no-cnaBaHcKu om»), aBnaacb caKpanbHo-cuMBonunecKoft otchhkom k cTuxy Ano-Kanuncuca (1, 8)12: iX'3^ ¿CMt [a^a L WMcra, hah Ytok^ L koh£u,^, taet^ r^t, ct'iH, L H^e eE, h rpA^b'iH, BceAep^HTEAt. 27-6yKBeHHHM rpenecKuft an^aBUT ucnonb30Banca b oco6o TopxecTBeHHbix cnynaax, Korga Ha nepBbift nnaH Bbicrynana wgea nonHOTW-nnepoMW.
A. A. 3anu3HaK o6^acHaeT noaBneHue Tpex cnaBaHcKux 6yKB b a36yKe cnegyro-^um 06pa30M: nucaBmuft xopomo 3Han caMo nucno 6yKB b TopxecTBeHHoft rpenecKoft a36yKe — 27, ^0^T0My BHnucaB o6HnHHM 24-6yKBeHHHM an^aBuT, oh go6aBun k HeMy e^e 3 6yKBeHHHx o6o3HaneHua, u, nocKonbKy 6yKBH cTurMa, Konna u caMnu uMenu MapruHanbHbiM xapaKTep, oh 3aMeHun ux ^0nH0^eHHHMU cnaBaHcKuMu 6yKBaMu e, ^ u 0. rnaBHoe 3gecb — npu3HaHue HecoMHeHHoft Ha^eneHH0CTU Ha nucno 27. OgHa-
12 Cm. HecKonbKo mhom nepeBog: A3t gcMb an^a m w - rnTb r(c)b 6i - uxe cwm - m gxe 6i - m rpAgwM Bcegep-XMTe(n) H3H 1354, 149a: OTKp. 1, 8.
ko 3aMeHa 6yKB no HerKOMHcHeHHOM npuxoTU He coraacyeTcH c TeM, hto nucaBmuM, 6ygyHM o6pa3OBaHHHM HeHOBeKOM, BHnucHBan a36yKy c BecbMa 6HaroroBeMHHMM u cepbe3HHMU HaMepeHUHMU. Echm corHacuTbcH c yTBepxgeHueM A. A. 3aHM3HHKa, hto b gpeBHecnaBHHcKoM co3HaHMM rpeHecKMM an^aBUT He oTgeHeH ot cHaBHHcKoro, to cTpeMneHue nucaBmero gocTMHb HucHa 27 craHOBMTcH oco6eHHo 3HaMeHaTeHbHHM, noToMy hto rpeKo-cHaBHHcKMM an^aBUT gaBaH eMy 6oHbmyro cBo6ogy b Bbi6ope ko-HMHecTBeHHoro cocTaBa a36yKU. Tpu cHaBHHcKue 6yKBH, KOTopHMM oh orpaHMHMHcH, b TaKoM cnynae nogHepKMBaroT He npocTo Ha^HeHHocTb Ha hmcho 27, a curHaHM3upy-roT o TpexnacTHoM HHeHeHMM an^aBUTa: '27' = '3 x 9'.
B ^hom cnaBHHcKue npuMepH geBHTMHHoro cHeTa, BocxogH k ogHoMy npoTOTM-ny, MoryT o6HapyxuBaTb paHo cHoxuBmyrocH noHMMOTMBMpoBaHHocTb o6o3HaHeHMH '3 x 9', KoTopaH nogKpennHnacb hobhmm KynbTypHbiMM BnnaHHHMU b nucbMeHHyro ^^oxy13.
A. A. 3aHU3HHK [1993: 105] nonaraeT, hto HucHMTeHbHoe mpudeexmb He MoxeT o6o3HaHaTb tohhoto KOHMHecTBa (HanpuMep, 27). ^TO "MM^oHoru3upoBaHHoe o6o-3HaneHue HeKoero 6oHbmoro KOHMHecTBa, coeguHHro^ee b ce6e caKpaHbHHe cBoftcTBa Hucna geBHTb u HucHa Tpu"14. ^TO He coBceM BepHo. CoxpaHMHocb HeMaHoe hmcho npuMepoB, rge, He TepHH cBoero MM^oHoru3upoBaHHoro xapaKTepa, ^TO HucHMTeHb-Hoe nepegaeT TOHHyro apu^MeTMHecKyro BeHMHMHy — 27 (BHme HeKOTopHe npuMepH 6hhm npuBegeHH). B BocTOHHocHaBHHcKoft MM^oHoruu coxpaHHeTcH cBH3b gaHHoro HUcHUTeHbHOrO c KOHKpeTHHM cHeTOM, KOTOpHM UMeH puTyaHbHo-MaruHecKMM xa-paKTep. Bot e^e oguH BHpa3MTeHbHHM npuMep:
"B noMopbe KeMcKoro ye3ga, nepeg BO3Bpa^eHueM npoMHmHeHHMKOB c MypMaHcKoro 6epera goMoft, 6a6bi ^hhm ceHeHueM oTnpaBHHroTcH k Mopro MOHUTb BeTep, hto6h He cepHaH u gaBaH 6h HbroTy goporuM HeTHUKaM... Ha cHegyro^yro HOHb, nocHe 6oroMOHbH, Bce BHxogHT Ha 6eper cBoeft gepeBeH-ckom peKU... u cTaparoTcH npunoMHUTb u cocHucTaTb poBHo gBag^Tb ceMb 3 x 9 nHemuBHx U3 3HaKOMHx cboux b ogHoft bohoctm m gaxe b gepeBHe, ecHU TOHbKo ecTb BO3MoxHocTb k TOMy. BcnoMUHaH mmh nHemuBoro, ge-naroT py6e^ Ha HyHUHKe yraeM mhm hoxom; npou3HecH mmh nocHegHero, 27-ro, Hape3HBaroT yxe KpecT. C ^TMMM HyHUHaMU Bce xeHcKoe HaceHeHue gepeBHU BHxoguT Ha 3agBopKU u BHKpuKMBaeT cKOHb bo3moxho rpoMKo. «Boctok, ga o6egHUK, nopa noTHHyTb! 3anag ga maHOHUK, nopa noKugaTb! TpwgeBflTb nHemeft Bce cocqMTaHHbie, nepecqMTaHHbie; BcTOKOBa nnemb Hanepeg nomHa»..." PycHap, 315-316.
B paccMOTpeHHOM cHyHae npucyTcTByroT "HepTH-pe3H", KOTopHe npuMeHHHucb b KaHeHgapHHx pacHeTax, a TaKxe hcho npoHBHHeTcH cy6cTMTa^MOHHaH cBH3b ^TMx pacHeTOB c onpegeHeHHHMU nepcoHaxaMM, KOTOpHM npugaBaHacb b cHeTe MaruHe-cKaH ^yH^MH.
MTaK, cuMBOHMHecKoe 3HaHeHue gaHHoro HMcHMTeHbHoro b MM^oHorMHecKoft TpagM^MM coctohho b cHegyro^eM: HucHMTeHbHoe '3 x 9', mhm '27', BocxogH^ee k cHeTy gHeft cugepuHecKoro (3Be3gHoro) MecH^, Bonno^ano ugero nonHocqeTHoro
13	B HaTHmcKOM ^oHbKHope apxaMHHaH UHgoeBponeMcKaH TpagM^MH geBHTMHHoro cHeTa b no3gHeM cpegHe-BeKOBbe npMHygHMBo nepennenacb c Ka66aHMcTMHecKOM npaKTMKOM (cm. [^eKOM^Ba 1993]).
14	OHeHb 6HM3KaH xapaKTepucTMKa cogepxaHacb b HameM cTaTbe [®oho6ob 2001: 105-106].
06 ogHOM öa^TO-cnaBSHCKOM apxau3Me: '3 x 9'
MHO^ecTBa, KOTopoe oönagano MarwqecKOM cmhom, Bo6paBmeM b ce6a MarunecKue BO3MOXHOCTM Kaxgoro M3 27 ero "aHrenoB-noKpoBuTeneö".
Heo6xoguMo 3aMeTMTb, hto o geBaTunHOM cneTe moxho roBopMTb numb BecbMa ycnoBHo. OyH^MOHanbHO oh He conocTaBMM c a6conroTHo rocnogcTByro^uM geca-thhhhm cnucneHueM. ^0^T0My yKa3aHua Ha geBHTMHHHM cneT KaK anbTepHaTMBHyro no oTHomeHuro k gecaTunHOMy cneTy cucTeMy cnucneHua He MoryT 6HTb npuHHTH. Xoth geBHTuHHHM cneT 03Hanan Hanunue y nucnuTenbHoro deBamb Bcex Tpex nucno-bhx ^opM, ynoTpe6neHue MHoxecTBeHHoro nucna 6Hno orpaHuneHo numb KOHcTpyK-^MeM c nucnuTenbHHM mpu. KoMno3uTH "TpugeBHTHÖ" u "TpugeBHTb" ^uKcupyeT ^T0T BepxHuM ypoBeHb geBHTunHoro cneTa. fleBHTuHHHM cneT, b oTnunue ot geca-TunHoro, onupaeTca TonbKo Ha ^nbie eguHu^i. Mm MoxeT 6HTb o6o3HaneHo numb KonunecTBo, KpaTHoe 9. CaM cneT geBHTKaMu cBH3aH c Mop^ocuHTaKcunecKOM Moge-nbro, noHTu He u3BecTHOM b ge^MManbH0M cucTeMe: nepBaa deBamb, Bmopaa deBamb, mpemba deBamb. KaK u b ucxogHOM coneTaHuu mpu deBamu, cneT b nocnegHeM cnynae He BHxoguT 3a rpaHu^i Tpex. B oTnunue ot ^T0^0 cxogHHM npuMep: deczmb coy^oy-6ai u mpuK Moynenu^ Kond (at) XII, 101b — aBnaeTca puTopunecKu oKpameHHHM BHpaxeHueM, a He 06^enpuHHT0M ^opMoö cneTa15.
Pa3BuTue geBHTunHoro cnucneHua MoxeT noKa3aTbca ecTecTBeHHHM b cBeTe ^TMMono^MM nucnuTenbHoro deBamb. MHgoeBponeöcKoe nucnuTenbHoe *newn, KaK npegnonaraeTca o6hhho, cogepxuT KopeHb co 3HaneHueM 'hobhm'. Oho o6o3HanaeT HOBHM nucnoBOM pag b neTBepunHOM cucTeMe cnucneHua, ecnu TonbKo cornamaTbca c ee peK0HCTpyK^MeM. OgHaKo TeMa HOBoro nucnoBoro paga, oTKpHBaeMoro nucnoM 9, y 6anTOB u ctobhh, KaK u y gpyrux uHgoeBponeö^B, He uMena acHoro npogonxeHua. B 6anT0-cnaBaHcK0M ynoTpe6neHuu nucnuTenbHoe deBamb u3-3a nognuHeHua cBoero 3ByKoo6pa3a cnegyro^eMy nucnuTenbHOMy oco6eHHo aBcTBeHHo urpaeT cnyxe6Hyro ponb npoMexyTonHoro 3BeHa b hobom gecaTunHOM cucTeMe cnucneHua.
OgHo u3 Hau6onee gpeBHux cBugeTenbcTB geBaTunHoro cneTa — HOBropogcKaa 6epecTaHaa rpaMOTa Ne 715, KOTopaa gaTupyeTca nepBOM nonoBuHOM XIII b.: TpH^EBA<T>0 dHEEAO TpH^EBA dpO^dHCAO IISEàEII pAEA œCA	TpACABHHE
MOAHTEàMH CBATûA EOTOpO^HHA
KaK 6bino oTMeneHo A. A. 3anu3HaKOM [1993: 104; 1995: 428], rpaMOTa npeg-cTaBnaeT co6om gpeBHeftmuft BocTonHocnaBaHcKuß 3aroBopHHM TeKcT, a 6epëcTa c 3anucbro Morna ucnonb3OBaTbca b KanecTBe Hay3a.
CaKpaMeHTanbHHe nucna rpaMOTH 3 u 9 HanoMuHaroT o HyMepo^opMax. no-go6Hyro HyMepo^opMy, no cy^ecTBy, npegcTaBnaeT co6om ucnucneHue aHrenbcKux nuHOB, KOTopoe b u3noxeHuu nceBgo-fluoHucua ApeonaruTa cKnagHBaeTca u3 Tpex Tpuag u b KOTopoM nanana, apxamenu u amenu cocraBnaroT cegbMOM, BocbMoö u ge-bhthm huhh He6ecHOM uepapxuu (fluoHApeon XV1, 37b)16. OgHaKo b npuBegeHHOM
15	BHpaxeHua Bpoge: bt> wcmmub àec&mu • mu nemebpm^Mb ncanmn> 3naT XII, 92 06. — cBa3aHH coBceM c gpyruM 3HaneHueM — c 06pa30BaHueM nopagKOBbix nucnuTenbHHx.
16	B ^onbKnopHOM 3ar0B0pH0M TpagM^MM aHrenonorua npegcTaBneHa goBonbHo pa3BepHyTo. Cp.:
Enu3 Mena Xpucmoc u Bca cuna ne6ecnaa: Muxaun, Faspuun, ypuun u Pa^aun, apxamenu u amenu, nanana, Bnacmu, npecmonu, Focnoônu cunu u nepymuMo cmpamnue cepa^uMu, u csamue amenu - xpanumenu npedannue Mne na co6owàenue ôymu u meny MoeMy om ceamoso Kpem^enua PycHap, 260; 3decb nananbnuKu cun ne6ecnux: Muxaun, Faspuun u ypuun, u Pa^aun, XepyeuMu u Cepa^uMu u ece ne6ecnue cunu 283.
TeKCTe HMcnMcnMTenbHbie '3 x 9' He cBa3aHH c yneHueM o He6ecHon MepapxMM u co Bcen oneBMgHoCTbro BHparnaKT gpyrue HHTeH^HH17.
HucruTerbHoe '3 x 9' BocxoguT k goxpucTuaHcKon TpagH^HH, aBraacb uHgoeB-ponencKMM apxau3MoM (TaKUM me, KaK, HanpuMep, gyaruc). Oho BbmorHaeT b rpB Ne 715 pMTyanbHo-MarMHecKyro ^yH^uro, o6o3Hanaa norHocneTHoe, nrepoMaranecKoe MHomecTBo18. Abtop ucnorb3yeT, KpoMe Toro, napHyro ^opMyry amenu u apxamenu, hto o6hhho gra HapogHo-MH^onorHHecKon TpagH^HH, rge ygBoeHue uMeeT ^yH^uro caKparbHon "Hgea,JH3a^HH" (cm. [^ojo6ob 1997: 203])19. B gpeBHepyccKon KHumHon nucbMeHHocTH ^To HMeHoBaHue o6hhho BxoguT b TpouHHbrn cnoBecHHH pag20:
Hoymga u amnoMt Toy 6htu • u apxamnoMt u ebcnMt H6cbnuuMt cunaMt 3jaT XII, 21 o6.; iErga npugeTb coyguu • iErga npig^cTaHeTb BbcA Bbcere-Hbira iErga oy3bpuM,b amnu u apxamnu u Mnoaopa3nuHbnui nunu u me-nenuK u B^cxbi^eHuie no w6naKoM^ 58 o6.; Bcz n6cnuz cunu cmuu azu apxamnu MoruTe 6a 3a hh rpimbHbn C6#p XIII2, 212 o6.
KHumHaa KorunecTBeHHaa ^opMyra ocHoBaHa Ha o6o3HaneHuax MaKcuMarbHo 6ojbmoro KoruHecTBa u BocxoguT k HTeHuro u3 npoponecTBa flaHuura 7, 1021:
p^Kt\ OfHEHHA TEH Y0t MCXOAX^H npE^ HHMt: TfclCA^A TfclCA^l CAV^dX^	H TMM T£Ml npE^CTOAX^ 9 MC^H^E CF^E, H KHHfH
WBEp3O0dCA.
Cp. (BbipameHue muczmm muczmu rpaMMaranecKu 6eccMbicreHHo):
Tix^ pagu cpe6pbHuK^ mbMu mbMaMu am8nt • u muczmm muczmu apxamnt 6bicTb Bpan C6y XII/XIII, 218b.
O6pa3 "TpugeBaTu" KaK nrepoMaTuHecKuM cumboj o6HapymuBaroT rpeKo-Bu-3aHTuMcKue ^pKoBHo-ropugunecKue TeKcTH, oTKyga oh npoHuK b gpeBHepyccKyro nucbMeHHocTb. HucruTerbHoe mpudeeamb cogepmuTca b nepeBogHoM TeKcTe XII b. — E^peMoBcKon KopMHen. 3gecb BcTpenaroTca cregyro^ue ^opMbi:
mpu deezmu... riT^ 242b (rpeH. xpig ¿vvea... ¿viauToi); et mpemumm Me de-ezmb (rpeH. ¿v 5C xfl Tpvrri ¿wa5i / ¿vveaSi) TaM me22.
napHaa ^opMyra BHe paga gpyrux o6o3HaHeHun BcTpeTuracb ogHamgbi: Amen mou, apxamen mou, coxpanu dymy Mom 276.
17	CocTaBuTerb 3aroBopa oTBreKaeTca ot xpucTuaHcKo-BeTxo3aBeTHoM TpagH^HH, corracHo KoTopon huc-ro apxaHreroB paBHo ceMu, a uMeHa Tpex u3 hux o6^eu3BecTHbi — sto Muxaur, raBpuur, Pa^aur (cm. [mu^h 1997: I, 110]).
18	Cp. Tonoc cHeTa b ^orbKropHon 3aroBopHon TpagH^HH:
u ynpamumm u yManueam no nucny xepyeuuoe u nacymux Ma, no nucny cepa$uuoe, cmepezym^ux Ma, u 3aMKHume Mena... e pode ceM om 3nux nenoeeK PycHap, 270.
19	TepMuH "HgearH3a^Ha" (cKa3oHHaa, anuHecKaa u T.g.) no oTHomeHuro k reHguagucy uru napHHM ^opMy-raM npuHagremuT A. A. noTe6He [1968: 418].
20	M3gpeBre u3BecTeH Becb pag aHrerbcKux huhob:
HE TIKMO AEfEOH^I • H^ T^M^ TMMiMH H TMICS0TA TWIC*0T«|«H • H^U AffEAt H apXAHfEA^ • EAACTHH BAAAUMfcCTBHH • fOCnOA^CTEHH CHAt H np'feCTOAt • mECTOKpHAaTfi4fi
MHOfOOHHTUHXt Cynp, 98.
21	Cm. b gpeBHepyccKon nucbMeHHocTu:
u piKa orHbHara npigt HuMb ugAme • thca^s THcoy^aMu npicToraxoy npigt HuMb • u TbMH TbMaMu croymaaxoy lEMoy • coyguu cige • u k^huth S>Bbpb3omacA C6y XII/XIII, 276a.
22	Cm. KE XII, 242a-243a:
itrga KtTo ctnreTHucA KoToporo cura me u 6uiem^ • HaHeceTb Hi Ha Koiero oygapeHuiE • poyHbHHra pagu paHH • leguHoro 6o rHiBtMb u cTpbMrieHuieMb ApocTu • WroyHuBt HuHbTo me 6h • Hpicbi BpiMA cTpacTu Wci^u 3troie • Moroy^uuxt • Ha oyMt npuuMeTb • raKo u leme K> nreTieHura • ctBbpmeHuie
O6 0gH0M 6anT0-cnaBaHCK0M apxau3Me: '3 x 9'
CnaBHHCKUM nepeBog bo BceM ^pameHTe goBonbHo HeBHaTeH. M3 rpeHecKoro TeKCTa HBCTByeT, hto y6uMCTB0 M0«eT 6wTb ucKynneHo b "Tpery6bm" cpoK, rge Ka«-gaa u3 Tpex cTyneHeñ gnuTca geBATb neT. B nepBbie geBATb neT coBepmuBmuM npe-cTynneHue numaeTca ^pK0BHoro o6ieHUH, bo BTopwe geBATb neT eMy M0«eT 6wTb go3BoneHo numb cToaTb b npuTBope c ornameHHWMu, b TpeTbro "geBHTepu^y" (b rpeH. 3gecb cy^ecTBUTenbHoe) oh gonycKaeTca k o6ien MonuTBe u npuHacTuro. TaKUM 06-pa30M, 3gecb cocTaBHoe HUcnuTenbHoe mpu deBzmu o6o3HaHaeT peanbHoe Hucno 27. OgHaKo ^Ta peanbHaa BenuHUHa aBnaeTca u BenuHUH0M ugeanbHoM, KoTopaa cmmbo-nu3upyeT nnepoMaTUHecKoe MH0«ecTB0.
B gaHH0M ropuguHecK0M cTaTbe yKa3aH0 TaK«e, hto cpoK b geBATb neT Ha Ka«-goM U3 Tpex cTyneHeñ M0«eT 6wTb coKpaieH go BocbMU, ceMU u T.g. neT npu cKopoM ucnpaBneHUu npoBUHUBmeroca. ^T0 TonbKo nogHepKUBaeT oco6hm xapaKTep ucxo-gH0M BenuHUHW, cuMBonu3upyro^eM xpoHonoruHecKyro nonH0Ty. CuMBonuHecKun xapaKTep cp0K0B HaKa3aHua b KE XII BbicrynaeT oco6eHHo 0THeTnuB0 b ux Henpe-MeHHoM TpexHacTH0M geneHUu.
HenpocTbiM BonpocoM aBnaeTca rpaMMaTUHecKaa UHTep^peTa^UH HUcnuTenb-Hwx, BCTpeTUBmuxcH b rpB N 715. B nepB0M cnyHae b nognuHHUKe rpaM0TW He HUTa-eTca ogHa 6yKBa. A. A. 3anu3HaK npegnaraeT K0HieKTypy mpudeBZ<m>o [1993: 105] u mpu deBZ<m>o [1995: 428]. Xota Ha ^0He nocnegyroiero mpudeBZ unu mpu deBZ 3gecb 6wno 6w bo3mo«ho gonycTUTb gpyroe HTeHue — mpudeBZ <?>o unu mpu deBZ <?>o (unu, HanpuMep, mpudeBZ <6>o...).
B pa6oTe 1993 r. A. A. 3anu3HaK ucxoguT U3 K0Mn03UTa mpudeBzmo (T.e. mpu-deBzm» b Tpagu^uoHH0H op^orpa^uu) u mpudeBZ. Oh ycMaTpuBaeT b ^TUx ^opMax ^oHeTUHecKue guaneKTHwe HepTW — 0TBepgeHue [t'], a 3aTeM u B0Bce ero oTnageHue. 3gecb cMyiaeT to, hto ^TU ^oHeTUHecKue npaBuna co3gaHW c^e^uanbH0 gna oTgenb-Hwx cnoBo^opM HUcnuTenbHwx, b to BpeMH KaK 3a paMKaMU HUcnuTenbHwx gaHHbie ^oHeTUHecKue npaBuna He geñcTByroT. TaK, HanpuMep, b 3 n. npe3eHca noaBneHue ^neKTUBHoro -m» BMecTo -mb oTMeHaeTca b eguHUHHwx cnyHaax numb c cepeguHW XIV B. OTnageHue K0HeHHoro -mb b HUcnuTenbHwx 3anu3HHK ycMaTpuBaeT b npu-Mepax, K0T0pwe, KaK y«e 6wno 0TMeHeH0 Bwme, cooTBeTCTByroT uckohhhm ^opMaM u HBnaroTca rpaMMaTUHecKUMU apxau3MaMu: dbBZ pb3H0 rpB N 621 (50 XII-10 XIII); nATb Ha decz ge«eKi oBbca N 219 (XII/XIII) u nog.
B M0H0rpa^uu "flpeBHeH0BropogcKUM guaneKT" 3gecb BoccTaHaBnuBaroTca co-cTaBHwe HUcnuTenbHwe mpu deBzmo u mpu deBZ. MHTe^peTa^UH ^opM ycno«HHeTca, n0T0My hto, ucxoga U3 ucK0HHoro mpu deBzmu, aBTop BWHy«geH K0HCTaTup0BaTb yTpaTy ^neKcuu (!) Mn -u. MgeHTMHHbie ^oHeTUHecKue U3MeHeHua 3anu3HHK ycMa-
oy6uucTBa • b, gimo M3BoniEHUi • a He Ha nonoyHeHUiE B,3BoguTb • HeBonbHUu «e raBneHara UMoyTb
•	c,Ka3aHura • lErga k,to km UH0M0y koie nortiaHUiE UMira • Ú HenoyHeHura HiHbTo HeM^inbHbmx,B
•	c,TBopuTb Ha cux, oy6o Gy6MMCTBG • Ha Tpbroy6o niTo (eiç rpinXaaíava xpóvov) npocTupaiETbCA • o6paieHUiEMb ^i^AIHHM^ BonbHbiia cKBbpHW • TpH geBATH 6o niT, • (rplç èvvéa yap èviaroi) b, kw-u«bgo huh, • ßeBATaaro nirtMb 3an0BigaH0M, • (ËKaarov ßaS^öv rf|c; èvvàôoç rtov èrâ) v ópia9eíar|c;) iKo b, únoyHeHUiE oy6o ÚHoyg, • lEguHo niTo 6wtm • B,36paHAiEMoy Ú ^pKBe • gpoyrara «e TonuKa niTa b, npuTBopi ga cTaiETb c, ornameHWUMU u ga nocnoymara oyHeHura ucxoguTb • u c, nrogbMU B,HoyTpb ^pKBe c,nogo6uTbCA • m c, ornameHWUMU He ucxoguTb • b^ TpeTHroro »e ßeBATb • (èv ôê rr| TpÍTr| èvvàôi) c, o6paieHUiEMb MonairocA • TaKo npuTU k, npuHacTuro ocBiieHWux, • raBi raKo u Ha TaKoBiMb c,6nrogeHUiE 6oygeTb • Ú c,M0TpAiaar0 ^pKB,b • u k, cnoBoy w6paieHura pa3ginuTbca iEMoy 3anpiieHUiE npocTbpeHura • raKo b, geBATH niT, 243a MicTo • Ha KoiEMb«bgo HUHoy ocmoie unu ceMoiE
•	unu mecToiE • unu nAToiE • lEguHiMb 6wtm • He«enu BenuucT[B]o o6paieHura ogoniiETb BpiMeHU.
One¿ O. Xonoóoe
TpuBaeT b gpyroM cocTaBHOM nucnuTenbHoM: nono TpbTUA dbczmo rpMBbHO cbpb6pa rpB N 61 (30-60 XIII). 3gecb BbicrpauBaeTcfl cnegyro^aa ^nb ^oHeTunecKux U3-MeHeHuñ: (non® mpembz) deczme > (non® mpembz) deczmb > (non® mpembz) deczmv, mpu deezmu > mpu deezmb > mpu beezmo. ^Ty ^oHeTunecKyro uHTe^peTa^uro npu-HHTb TpygHo. fleno b tom, hto cocTaBHoe nucnuTenbHoe nono mpbmuz dbczmo uMeeT npo3pa^Hoe rpaMMaTunecKoe o6,bflcHeHue. ^TO Mop^ocuHTaKcuHecKaa uHHOBa^ufl — o6o6^eHue Mogenu cocTaBHbix HucnuTenbHbix — 6onbmoro KBaHTMTaTMBa Tuna nzmb deczm-b, mecmb deczm-b). Cp. ^Ty xe Mop^onoruqecKyro uHHOBa^uK> b nyTb 6o-nee no3gHeM ucToHHUKe tom xe guaneKTHoñ npuHagnexHocTu:
npumnu 6o 6^xoy b^ nonoy rnecma dbczm-b mHeK^ ^H XIII2, 32 o6. (nog 1164 r.); cnoyxuB'bmro lEMoy Ó cTro uraKoBa nom> nzma dbczm-b n'S(T) 48 o6. (nog 1188 r.).
MgeHTUHHyro Mop^ocuHTaKcunecKyro uHHOBa^uK> gonycTUMo BugeTb b nucnu-TenbHoM mpudeezmo (T.e. mpudeezm^ KaK nzmbóeczm®)23 — pagoM c uhhm BapuaH-tom — nucnuTenbHHM mpudeez, KoTopoe npoucxoguT u3 cnoxeHua. Xoth bo3moxho BepHyTbca u k paHHeMy npegnonoxeHuro A. A. 3anu3HHKa o6 ucxogHoM KoMno3uTe mpudeezmb, b kotopom KoHeHHbiñ cornacHbiñ oTBepgen. Cp.: nzm-b khí rpB N 219 (XII/XIII), rge, BnponeM, ® MoxeT 6biTb onucKoñ (cm. [3anu3HHK 1995: 365]). Hucnu-TenbHoe mpudeez npegcraBnaeT cnoxeHue, b kotopom ucnonb3oBaH apxau3M deez, npu tom hto rny6oKuM apxau3MoM HBnaeTca u caM Tun nucnoBoro BbipaxeHua '3 x 9'. no^BneHue ^opM mpudeczmb, mpudeezmb moxho o6,bflcHUTb u Mop^onorunecKoñ aHanorueñ co cTopoHH npocrax HucnuTenbHbix nzmb - deczmb. BbipaxeHue mpu deez, Bepo^THo, BocnpuHuManocb 6bi KaK 'Tpu u geBHTb', a He 'TpugeBHTb'. Bo bchkom cnynae, ^oHeTUHecKaa pegy^ua -u u 3ByKoBoñ nepexog mpu deezmu b mpu deezmb u ganee b mpu deez He MoryT 6biTb npuHATbi, noToMy hto -u BbipaxaeT nagexHo-nucno-Boe 3HaneHue, a ero yTpaTa pa3pymaeT HopManbHbie rpaMMaTunecKue cbh3u b TeKcre.
MTaK, moxho nogBecTu uToru. Bnarogapa HaxogKe HoBropogoBegoB, b rpB N 715 (XIII1) o6HapyxeHH Hau6onee paHHue npuMepbi nucnuTenbHoro '3 x 9': mpudeezm^ u mpudeez. Co6cTBeHHo ^oHeranecKoe ucTonKoBaHue ^Tux cnoBo^opM Bbi3biBaeT co-MHeHua, 6onee peanucraHHbiM npegcraBn^eTca pemeHue, onuparo^eeca Ha Mop^o-cuHTaKcunecKue napaMeTpbi. EcTb ocHoBaHua nonaraTb, hto gaHHbie HucnuTenbHbie HBnaroTcH cnoxeHuaMu, KaK u 3aKpenuBmeeca b no3gHux ucToHHUKax nucnuTenbHoe mpudeexmb.
BonpeKu pacnpocTpaHeHHoñ TonKe 3peHua, nucnuTenbHoe mpudeexmb He hb-naeTca ocTaTKoM oco6oro geBATUHHoro cHucneHua, KoToporo, cyga no BceMy, He cy-^ecTBoBano. Henb3a roBopuTb o geBATUHHoM cnucneHuu TaM, rge gonycTuMo BecTu penb numb o6 orpaHuneHHoM cneTe no geBHTu, uMeBmeM puTyanbHo-MaruHecKuñ xa-paKTep. B to xe BpeMH gaHHoe nucnuTenbHoe Henb3H oToxgecTBnaTb u c o6hhhhm coBMe^eHueM gByx caKpanbHHx nucen, He o6o3Hanaro^uM tohhoto KonunecTBa.
23 Cp. b no3gHegpeBHepyccKoM mcto^hmkc: ceMb xe Hegínb 6e coy6oTt m Hegínb 6MBaeTb • TpugecATt m nATb gHuu nHH k. XIV, 194r.
06 ogHOM 6anTO-cnaBaHCKOM apxaM3Me: '3 x 9'
McTOqHMKM
rpB (+ HOMep rpaMOTbi) — HoBropogcKue rpaMOTbi Ha 6epecTe // 3anu3HaK 1995, 223573.
fluoHApeon XV1 — nceBgo-fluoHucuö ApeonaruT "O He6ecHOM cBa^eHHOHananuu" no pyKonucH nepBOH nonoBuHbi XV b. // rpoMOB M. H., MunbKOB B. B. MgeÖHbie TeneHHH gpeBHepyccKOH Mbicnu. Cn6., 2001.
3naT XII — 3naTOcrpyH. PyKonucb PHB, F. n. I. 46 (no ^OTOKonuu).
KE XII — B. H. BeHemeBHH. flpeBHecnaBaHCKaa KopM^aa XIV TuTynoB 6e3 TonKOBaHuö. T. I, Bbm. 1-3. Cn6., 1906-1907.
KH 1285-1291 — HoBropogcKaa KopM^aa. PyKonucb rMM, Chh., Ne 132 (no ^otoko-nuu).
^H — HoBropogcKaa xapaTeÖHaa neTonucb / M3gaHO nog Ha6nrogeHueM M. H. Tuxo-MupoBa. M., 1964: ^H XIII2 — n. 1-118 o6.
H3H 1354 — Neues Testament des Cudov-Klosters (Phototypische Ausgabe von Leontij Metropolit von Moskau, Moskau 1892, mit einer Einleitung herausgegeben von Werner Lehfeldt). Köln; Wien, 1989; HygoBCKaa pyKonucb HoBoro 3aBeTa 1354 roga. M., 2001.
nan 1406 — nanea TonKOBaa no cnucKy, cgenaHHOMy b KonoMHe b 1406 r. Bbm. 1-2. M., 1892-1896.
nHH k. XIV — naHgeKTbi HuKOHa HepHorop^. PyKonucb rMM, Hyg. Ne 16 (no ^oto-Konuu).
PycHap — PyccKHH Hapog. Ero o6bmau, o6pagbi, npegaHua, cyeBepua u ^o^3ua. Co6p. M. 3a6bmHHbiM. Kh. 1. M., 1996.
C6y XII/XIII — yeneHeKHH c6opHHK XII-XIII bb. M., 1971.
C6#p XIII2 — C6opHHK MonnTB, ^poenaBeKHH My3eö-3anoBegHHK, Ne 15481 (no ^oto-Konuu).
Cynp — CynpacnbCKaa pyKonucb Tpyg Ceprea CeBepbaHOBa / naMaTHUKu cTapocna-BaHCKoro a3HKa. Tom II, Bbm. 1. Cn6., 1904.
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Towards a Baltoslavic Archaism: '3 x 9'
Oleg F. Zolobov
In the Balto-Slavic part of the monograph "Indo-European Numerals" B. Comrie, summing up the results of his long-term investigation, mentions that the origin of the nonary scale of notation in the East Slavic and Latvian languages remains vague (perhaps, the limitation of the nonary scale of notation to the East Slavic and Latvian languages is caused by the fact that his investigation is based upon the research work by Shevelev).
Now it is possible to confirm that in its general features the Slavs' nonary scale of notation has Indo-European roots. The ancient Indo-European numerals '7' and '9' vary because they express the "rival" forms of the time continuum division and the lunar calendar intervals, in particular. In the ancient chronological systems a 28-day month, consisting of four 7-day weeks, is based on the moon phase change, and a 27-day month, consisting of three 9-day weeks, corresponds to the period during which the Moon passes the Zodiac circle. This oposition has its justification in the modern astrophysical knowledge, according to which three varieties of the lunar month are distinguished. The mentioned rivalry of the two chronotypes could mean the opposition of the "phase" and "celestial" months as householding and everyday life systems and as a ritual-magical calendar system.
On the other hand, '9' is a multiplication of numerus perfectus 3. That is why the "magical formulas", which were accompanying, without fail, the preparation of medicinal drugs, according to the Ancient Roman sources, were to be repeated 9 or 3 x 9 times. According to the legend, of 9 books of Cuman Siville only three escaped the destruction and accompanied them in the processions 'ter novenae virgines', and in the Celtic documents '3' may vary with '27', the combination of the numerals '3' and '9' is recorded in the Iran sources and German juridical texts.
Besides, we should mention that '9' has a special nature. It means the full number of counting units on different levels of the decimal scale of notation. In ancient Russia the sacred-magical nature of a 27-letter Greek-Slavic alphabet where the first 9 signs meant units, the second ones - tens and the the third ones - hundreds.
Generally, the symbolic meaning of this numeral in the mythological tradition was the following: the numeral '3x9' or '27' going back to a day counting of the celestial month embodied the idea of a full counting set possessing a magical power which absorbed the magical properties of all its 27 "divine" reflections.
It is necessary to mention that it is possible to speak only conventionally about the nonary scale of notation. Functionally, it is not comparable with the absolutely dominating decimal scale of notation.
That is why the suggestion of to the nonary scale of notation as an alternative to the decimal one cannot be accepted.