Short scientific article UDK 597.311.2:591.9(262.4) Received: 2013-05-17 FIRST RECORD OF A SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK, ISURUS OXYRINCHUS RAFINESQUE, 1810 (CHONDRICHTHYES: LAMNIDAE) FROM THE BAY OF SAROZ (NE AEGEAN SEA) Hakan KABASAKAL & Ozgur KABASAKAL Ichthyological Research Society, Tantavi mahallesi, Mentejoglu caddesi, idil apt., No: 30, D: 4, Umraniye, TR-34764 Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: kabasakal.hakan@gmail.com ABSTRACT A male shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, was caught on March 30, 2012, in coastal waters of Bay of Saroz, by a commercial fisherman using hook and line. Total length of the shark was 123. 6 cm. This is the first confirmed record of a shortfin mako shark in the aforementioned region. Morphometrics and biological data of the present specimen are reported. Key words: shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, occurrence, Aegean Sea, Turkey PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE DI SQUALO MAKO, ISURUS OXYRINCHUS RAFINESQUE, 1810 (CHONDRICHTHYES: LAMNIDAE) NELLA BAIA DI SAROZ (EGEO NORD-ORIENTALE) SINTESI Un esemplare maschio di squalo mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, e stato catturato da un pescatore con amo e lenza, il 30 marzo 2012 nelle acque costiere della baia di Saroz. La lunghezza totale dell'animale era pari a 123,6 cm. Si tratta della prima segnalazione confermata di squalo mako in tale area. Earticolo riporta i dati morfometrici e biologici dell'esemplare in questione. Parole chiave: squalo mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, segnalazione, mare Egeo, Turchia INTRODUCTION Shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, is cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical waters of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans (Compagno, 1984). It is pelagic, coastal and oceanic, occurring at or near the surface or deeper, down to 400 m (Serena, 2005). The shortfin mako is present in the entire Mediterranean, where it is caught mainly in tuna longline fisheries and occasionally by the swordfish fishing industry using longlines and driftnets (Celona et al., 2004; Megalofonou et al., 2005; Serena, 2005). I. oxyrinchus has been known from Turkish waters since the pioneering work of Ak§iray (1954; in Bilecenoglu et al., 2002). After the first record of the species in the seas of Turkey, a number of further records on the occurrence of the shortfin mako off the Turkish coast, including the largest individual ever recorded worldwide, have been reported by several authors (Ge-ldiay, 1969; Mater & Merig, 1996; Kabasakal, 2002; Fricke et al., 2007; Kabasakal & De Maddalena, 2011); however, there have been no specific records of I. oxyrinchus in the Bay of Saroz. I. oxyrinchus was not reported in the most extensive investigation of shark fauna of the northeastern Aegean waters off the Turkish coast (Kaba- Fig. 1: Shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, caught in Bay of Saroz (NE Aegean Sea; 123.6 cm TOT). (a) Overall view of the present specimen, (b) close-up view of the mouth; and (c) teeth from upper and lower functional rows Sl. 1: Atlantski mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, ujet v Saroškem zalivu (SV Egejsko morje; dolžina 123,6 cm). (a) Fotografija ujetega primerka, (b) posnetek od blizu: usta primerka in (c) zoba zgornje in spodnje čeljusti sakal & Kabasakal, 2004), or in the more recent studies on fish fauna of Bay of Saroz (Kog et al., 2004; Cengiz et al., 2011). Based on a historical record by Konsuloff & Drensky (1943; in Papaconstantinou, 1988), shortfin mako shark was recorded off the Kavala coast (Greek coast, north Aegean Sea). Lamniform sharks are known to occur in coastal areas of the northeastern Aegean Sea (Kabasakal, 2007, 2009; Kabasakal & Gedikoglu, 2008; Kabasakal et al, 2009; Kabasakal et al, 2011). Recent studies have shown that some of the species, e.g. great white shark, Car-charodon carcharias may also be breeding and have a nursery ground in the northeastern Aegean Sea, off the Turkish coast (Kabasakal & Gedikoglu, 2008). Several popular diving spots and holiday resorts are located in the region, where thousands of swimmers and divers visit the area between late spring and early autumn. Seasonal co-existence of people and the predatory sharks is a major concern. Therefore, in-depth understanding of their movements and seasonality of occurrence in the region is crucial. In the present article, first record of I. oxyrinchus is reported from the Bay of Saroz, with morphometric data. MATERIAL AND METHODS A male shortfin mako (Fig. 1), was caught on March 30, 2012, in coastal waters of the Bay of Saroz (Fig. 2) by a commercial fisherman using hook and line. The specimen was examined on site. Body measurements followed Compagno (1984). Its stomach and spiral valve were removed and preserved in 5 percent formaline solution for the contents analysis. Teeth counts of upper and lower jaws were recorded. Teeth samples from upper and lower jaws were removed. Specimen photographs and teeth samples are stored in the archives of Ichthyological Research Society (IRS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Total length of the present specimen was 123.6 cm and weight was 14 kg. Claspers of the present specimen were uncalcified, soft and shorter than the pelvic fins, revealing that it was juvenile. Faint greyish borders were visible along the posterior margins of the pectoral fins ventrally. Length of the anterior margin of the pectoral fin was 76 percent of the head length. According to Garrick (1967), in I. oxyrinchus, pectoral fin length usually less than 70 percent of head length but up to 84 percent in very large specimens. The proportion of pectoral fin to head length of the present specimen coincides well with the proportional range given by Garrick (1967). The dental formulae of the present specimen is 14-14 / 14-14. It is known that teeth counts of I. oxyrinchus show remarkable variation. In a previous study, range of counts of teeth in one-half of the lower jaw of specimens from Pacific, Atlantic-Mediterranean and Indian Oceans were NORTH —. AEGEAN SEA ^ I Fig. 2: Map showing the fishing locality (black circle) of the shortfin mako in Bay of Saroz (NE Aegean Sea) Sl. 2: Zemljevid z lokaliteto ulova (črni krogec) atlat-skega makoja v Saroškem zalivu (SV Egejsko morje) reported as 11-16, 11-15 and 10-13, respectively (Garrick, 1967). Dental formulae of a large specimen (390 cm TOT) caught off Scaletta Zanclea, Italy, was 12-12 / 12-12 (Celona et al., 2004). Tortonese (1956) recorded 24 to 26 teeth in specimens caught off the Italian coast. Body measurements are given in Table 1, and compared with those gathered from other literature. Most proportions are fairly consistent; the larger variations were found in the height of the first dorsal fin, and pectoral fin measurements (lengths of base and distal margin). First dorsal fin of I. oxyrinchus exhibits significant change in shape and proportions with growth (Garrick, 1967). The percent TOT value of height of first dorsal fin varies between 7.3 (GRK2, Japanese specimen) to 11.35 (CNA1, Sicilian specimen) (Tab. 1). In Mediterranean specimens, percent TOT value of length of base of pectoral fin varies between 3.24 (CNA1, Sicilian specimen) to 7.28 (present specimen) (Tab. 1). Since the measurements of Sicilian shortfin makos were based on frozen specimens, Celona et al. (2004) considered a shrinkage between 3.8 to 15% in Sicilian specimens, and corrected the measurements they recorded based on this ratio. With the exception of Brazilian specimens (Costa et al., 2002; CSA, Tab. 1), the similarity between the ratios of the present sample and previous specimens shown in Table 1, supports this possibility. A similar unusual difference is also present in the percent TOT value of length of distal margin of pectoral fin (Tab. 1), which varies between 3.47 (present specimen) to 14.8 (GRK 3 and 4). Henderson et al. (1999) also found differences in pectoral base measurements of I. oxyrinchus from Irish waters. Tab. 1: Morphometries of Isurus oxyrinchus, expressed as percentage of total length (TOT), in the present specimen and from the literature. HDN: Henderson et al. (1999); CSA: Costa et al. (2002); CNA: Celona et al. (2004); GRK: Garriek (1967); GRK1: S, 70.5 cm TOT, California; GRK2: S, 84.7 em TOT, Japan; GRK3: 143.8 em TOT, New Zealand; GRK4: 192.0 cm TOT, South Africa; GRK5: 200.0 em TOT, Azores; *: average of two newborns, 66.4 and 69.3 em TOT. Tab. 1: Morfometrične značilnosti Isurus oxyrinchus, podane v odstotkih celotne dolžine. Nanašajo se na ujeti primerek in na primerke, omenjene v strokovni literaturi. HDN: Henderson et al. (1999); CSA: Costa et al. (2002); CNA: Celona et al. (2004); GRK: Garriek (1967); GRK1: S, dolžina 70,5 cm, Kalifornija; GRK2: S, dolžina 84,7 cm, Japonska; GRK3: dolžina 143,8 cm, Nova Zelandija; GRK4: dolžina 192,0 cm, Južna Afrika; GRK5: dolžina 200,0 cm, Azori; *: povprečna dolžina dveh mladičev, dolžina 66,4 in 69,3 cm. Measurements Present specimen S Garrick (1967) HDN CSA CNA1 CNA2 cm %TOT GRK1 GRK2 GRK3 GRK4 GRK5 Total length (TOT, cm) 123.6 100 70.5 84.7 143.8 192.0 200.0 179 * 370 390 Snout tip to outer nostrils 5.7 4.61 4.8 4.1 3.8 4.7 3.9 5.3 5.21 - - eye 9.4 7.6 7.8 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.2 7.3 7.43 - - mouth 8.5 6.87 6.9 5.3 5.9 6.0 5.0 - 6.83 - - 1st gill opening 25.9 20.95 22.5 19.7 18.4 19.8 19.6 20.7 21.96 - - pectoral origin 33.6 27.18 28.1 26.2 25.7 25.4 25.3 25.7 27.49 - - pelvic origin 71.1 57.52 55.7 57.2 57.4 57.2 55.1 57.5 56.46 - - 1st dorsal origin 47 38.02 37.4 38.0 38.7 36.7 34.7 36.3 38.91 - - 2nd dorsal origin 87.3 70.63 70.2 71.6 72.3 71.8 69.2 71.5 71.07 - - dorsal caudal origin 100.5 81.31 80.1 81.8 83.2 81.6 79.2 84.4 80.43 - - Distance between bases 1st and 2nd dorsal fins 30 24.27 - - - - - 25.7 - - - 2nd and caudal fins 11.5 9.3 - - - - - 10.6 - - - pelvic and anal fins 14 11.32 - - - - - 14 - - - anal and caudal fins 9 7.28 - - - - - 9.5 - - - nostrils; between inner corners 4.6 3.72 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 4.01 - - mouth; width 8.3 6.71 7.1 7.0 7.7 6.5 6.5 8.9 8.22 - - mouth; length 7.4 5.98 7.1 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.8 5.6 6.75 - - Gill opening lengths 1st 8.6 6.95 8.2 7.4 8.1 7.3 7.4 8.4 7.12 - - 3rd 9.1 7.36 7.7 6.7 7.8 7.1 7.0 7 - - - 5th 10 8.09 7.9 7.1 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.8 7.37 - - Eye horizontal diameter 2.4 1.94 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.6 - - vertical diameter 2.3 1.86 - - - - - 1.7 2.2 - - interorbital width 7.3 5.9 - - - - - 6.2 - - - 1st dorsal fin overall length 12.6 10.19 - - - - - 11.2 - 9.45 - length of base 10.6 8.57 9.2 8.9 8.5 9.9 9.1 8.9 8.54 6.75 - height 12.6 10.19 7.9 7.3 8.1 10.2 9.9 10.6 8.04 11.35 10.54 2nd dorsal fin overall length 3.7 2.99 - - - - - 2.9 - - - length of base 1.5 1.21 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.11 - - height 2.5 2.02 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 - - Pectoral fin length of base 9 7.28 6.9 6.7 6.7 7.2 6.9 7.3 5.46 3.24 - length of anterior margin 19.7 15.93 18.4 17.0 16.4 17.4 17.6 18.4 17.59 19.18 17.83 length of distal margin 4.3 3.47 13.7 13.4 14.8 14.8 14.6 3.9 14.38 - - length of posterior margin 17.2 13.91 - - - - - 16.2 - - 15.4 Pelvic fin overall length 8.8 7.11 - - - - - 7.5 7.25 - - length of base 6.3 5.09 5.8 4.7 5.3 5.9 5.6 3.9 4.08 - - length of anterior margin 4.6 3.72 5.0 4.5 3.8 4.5 4.3 4 4.41 - - length of clasper,outer 3.8 3.07 3.0 2.6 - - - 8.9 - - - length clasper, inner 8.2 6.63 - - - - - 11.7 - - - Anal fin overall length 3.8 3.07 - - - - - 3.2 - - - length of base 1.4 1.13 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.18 - - length of anterior margin 2.7 2.18 - - - - - 2.2 2.55 - - length of distal margin 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 - - Caudal fin length of dorsal lobe 24.5 19.82 21.8 19.6 20.5 20.6 20.8 12.3 21.74 16.48 - length of ventral lobe 18.4 14.88 15.7 14.9 16.0 16.1 17.6 14 14.28 15.27 - dorsal tip to notch 4.2 3.99 - - - - - 8.4 - - - depth of notch 0.9 0.72 - - - - - 3.9 - - - One mackerel (Scomber scombrus; W = 124 g) was found in the stomach. Although the shortfin mako feeds mainly on bonyfish (Quero, 1984), the mackerel found in the stomach had probably been used for baiting a hook, as commonly done by the commercial swordfish and albacora longliners in the Mediterranean (Celona et al., 2004; Megalofonou et al., 2005). Spiral valve was filled with a blackish slurry. A fishing hook, the kind used more commonly for swordfish fishing by commercial longliners in Turkey, was found in the oesophagus of the shortfin mako. Shortfin makos have previously been reported from the Aegean Sea by several authors (see Papaconstanti-nou, 1988, for review of authors). Furthermore, a historical north Aegean Sea record of the species was noted by Konsuloff & Drensky (1943; in Papaconstantinou, 1988), off Kavala, Greek coast. Despite previous reports, no specimens of I. oxyrinchus were recorded in the Aegean Sea, during a three year survey of pelagic sharks incidentally caught by swordfish and tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea (Megalofonou et al., 2005). According to some authors (Fricke et al., 2007), distributional range of I. oxyrinchus along Turkish coasts included the north Aegean waters; however, no specimens of I. oxyrinchus were recorded in the mentioned area during a recent survey of sharks caught by Turkish fishermen in the aforementioned region (Kabasakal & Kabasakal, 2004), or during the recent ichthyofaunal surveys carried out in bay waters (Kog et al., 2004; Cengiz et al., 2011). The present shortfin mako is the first record of I. oxyrinchus in the Bay of Saroz, which confirms the contemporary occurrence of the species in the northeastern Aegean Sea. Furthermore, occurrence of the shortfin mako in the area was also confirmed by this single individual, 80 years after being recorded by Konsuloff & Drensky (1943; in Papaconstantinou, 1988). Based on a single record, it is not possible to comprehend ecological characteristics of the species in the region, thus a clear necessity of tracking I. oxyrinchus, is obvious. Such a tracking survey may reveal the range and seasonality of movements of I. oxyrinchus along the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. Since the captured individual was a juvenile, an extensive survey on I. oxyrinchus would seem advantageous in order to clarify the question, as to whether the species has a breeding or nursery ground in the northeastern Aegean Sea, like the great white shark (Kabasakal & Gedikoglu, 2008; Kabasakal et al., 2009), or not? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors wish to thank two anonymous referees for their critical reviews, providing valuable comments to improve the manuscript. Special thank goes to Mr. Mark Taylor, an Istanbul based scuba diver and underwater photographer, for the english revision of the text. PRVI ZAPIS O POJAVLJANJU ATLANTSKEGA MAKA, ISURUS OXYRINCHUS, RAFINESQUE, 1810 (CHONDRICHTHYES: LAMNIDAE),V SAROŠKEM ZALIVU (SV EGEJSKO MORJE) Hakan KABASAKAL & Ozgur KABASAKAL Ichthyological Research Society, Tantavi mahallesi, Mentejoglu caddesi, idil apt., No: 30, D: 4, Umraniye, TR-34764 Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: kabasakal.hakan@gmail.com POVZETEK V obalnih vodah Saroškega zaliva je ribič na trnk 30. marca 2012 ujel samca atlantskega makoja, Isurus oxyrinchus, Rafinesque, 1810. V dolžino je meril 123,6 cm. Gre za prvi zapis o pojavljanju atlantskega makoja na tem območju. V članku so navedene morfometrične značilnosti in biološki podatki o ujetem primerku. Ključne besede: atlantski mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, pojavljanje, Egejsko morje, Turčija REFERENCES Akfiray F. (1954): Turkiye Deniz Baliklari Tayin Anahtari. 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