SOME ANTHROPOLOGICAL REMARKS 
ON HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE DRAVLJE 
AND EMONA NECROPOLIS
ALINA WIERCINSKA
S ta te A rchaeological M useum , W arsaw
T he f irs t p a r t o f th is R e p o rt p re s e n ts th e re su lts o f a n an th ro p o lo g ical 
analysis o f th e tw o sk u lls w h ich co m e fro m th e se rie s of 49 sk e leto n s excavat­
ed in 1968-69 a t th e O stro g o th ic c e m e te ry in D rav lje (L ju b lja n a ) fro m 5th to 
6th ce n tu rie s A. D. (M. S labe, 1975). All th is series h a s a lre a d y b ee n m e asu red 
a n d b riefly d e s c rib e d by T. P o g ačn ik a n d T. T om azo-R avnik, w h o p u b lish ed 
th e ir d a ta in 1975.
H ow ever, o u r an a ly sis in te n d s to b e m o re d etailed as re g a rd s m orphology 
a n d a rtific ia l d e fo rm a tio n a n d it w ill e m b ra ce typological d iag n o sin g o f th e 
c ra n ia as w ell.
T he m o rp h o lo g ic a l d e sc rip tio n w a s m a d e acco rd in g to th e cran io sco p ie 
scales of I. M ic h alsk i w hile th e in d iv id u a l typing w as b a s e d o n d ifferen tial 
diagnosis m a d e b y th e P olish A n th ro p o lo g ic al School.
C ran iu m N o. 38 (F ig. 1) show s m e d iu m stro n g relief a n d m e d iu m d im en ­
sions, m o d e ra te ly d eveloped g lab ella a n d m ed iu m size m a sto id s. I t sh o u ld be 
assig n ed to th e m a le sex. T h e s u tu re s beg an to o b lite ra te a n d d e n titio n is 
fairly w ell a ttr ite d . T he age a t d e a th m a y have b ee n fro m 35— 40 years, w h ich 
exceeds th e c a te g o ry a d u ltu s, a sc rib e d to th is skull by T. P o g ačn ik a n d T. To­
m azo-R avnik.
T he c ra n iu m is severely d am ag e d in th e reg io n s of th e o c c ip u t and, to a 
le sser degree, in th e n a sa l a n d rig h t m a n d ib le ra m u s regions.
I t sh o w s s tro n g a rtific ia l d e fo rm a tio n by th e u se o f b a n d a g in g w h ich cau sed 
a h o riz o n ta l d e p re ssio n p assin g a c ro ss th e fro n ta l sq u a m a , a n d th e n , below 
th e p a rie ta l tu b e r à a n d the reg io n ab o v e th e lam b d a. T he se co n d ban d ag e w as 
u se d v ertically a n d th e c o rre sp o n d in g d ep re ssio n p asses tra n sv e rsa lly along 
a n d b e h in d th e c o ro n o id su tu re .
All th is re s u lte d in a stro n g g lo b u llin g of th e p o ste rio r p a r t o f th e p a rie ta ls 
u p w a rd s, a m o re v e rtic a l p o sitio n o f th e su p ra la m b d o id reg io n a n d th e eleva­
tio n of th e p o s te rio r p o rtio n o f th e fo re h e a d .

1 C ranium No. 38 from D ravlje. — L ob a n ja št. 38 iz D ravelj

T hese co n d itio n s stro n g ly affe c te d th e m a in n e u ro c ra n ia l d im ensions and, 
especially th e c ra n ia l height, w h ich b e c a m e u n n a tu ra lly larg e. T he d ia m eters 
of th e facial p a r t do n o t seem to be a ffe c te d b y th e d efo rm atio n .
T he p rese n ce o f m e to p ism sh o u ld also b e em phasized. I t is co n n ected w ith 
d efo rm a tio n (see : G inzburg, Z hirow , 1949) an d n o t w ith th e y o u n g er age of 
th e individual. As view ed cran io sco p ically , th e c ra n iu m show s a n in te rm e d ia te 
p o sitio n b e tw e e n E u ro p o id s a n d M ongoloids, as assessed by a b ro a d an d ra th e r 
low n asal ro o t, m e d iu m p ro m in e n t, slig h tly biconvex n asal b o n es, a sh arp ed ­
ged b u t so m e w h a t d o u b le lo w er m a rg in of th e n asal a p e rtu re , a m ed iu m deep 
m ax illary in c isu re, defin itely sh allo w can in e fossa a n d slig h t alveola m esog- 
n ath ism .
At th e sam e tim e , th e zygom atic re g io n is n o t ro b u s t a n d on ly slightly p ro ­
m in en t.
A ccording to th e indices, p u b lish e d b y T. P ogačnik an d T. R avnik th e face 
is m e d iu m high, th e nose n a rro w a n d th e o rb its a t th e lo w er lim it of th e m e­
d iu m h ig h category.
In sp ite of d e fo rm atio n , it m ay b e su g g ested th a t th e re w a s dolicho- to 
m esocephaly.
If w e co m b in e all th e se fe a tu re s to g e th e r w ith th e la rg e o rb its of b ro a d 
re c ta n g u la r fo rm , th e m o st p ro b a b le diag n o sis w o u ld a p p e a r to b e affin ity 
to th e S o u th -E a ste rn (EQ) type, w h ic h is in te rm e d ia te b e tw e e n th e M edi­
te rra n e a n elem e n t (E) an d th e arc h aic , d o lich o cep h alic c o m p o n e n t of th e M on­
goloids w h ich is called th e H ighland (Q) elem ent. T his is a q u ite com m on type 
in th e v a s t a re a s of E u ro p e an d b o th W e ste rn a n d C e n tral Asia, beginning 
fro m th e N eo lith ic p erio d . Its re m o te o rig in sh o u ld b e so u g h t in th e step p es 
of U k ra in an d C e n tra l Asia. F ro m th e re it w as in tro d u c e d to th e a n c ie n t p o p u ­
la tio n s of W e ste rn Asia, on th e one h a n d , a n d to th e Ira n ia n b ra n c h of th e a n ­
cien t In d o e u ro p e a n s, on th e o th e r. M o st p ro b ab ly it w as a v ery fre q u e n t ty p e 
am ong th e d o lich o cep h alic p o p u la tio n s of S k y th s an d S a rm a ts.
I t is th e re fo re n o t stra n g e th a t it sh o u ld a p p e a r in O stro g o th ic D ravlje, 
since an in te n siv e h y b rid isa tio n can b e a ssu m e d b etw e en I ra n ia n a n d G erm an 
s u b s tra ta w ith in th e fra m e o f th e G oth-A lanic sta te d efe ate d b y invasion of 
th e H u n s in 376 A. D.
T his a s se ss m e n t m ay be f u rth e r c o rro b o ra te d by th e k in d o f a rtific ia l d e ­
fo rm a tio n sh o w n b y th e sk u ll u n d e r ex am in atio n . B eyond an y d o u b t it b e ­
longs to d e fo rm a tic circ u laris sem i- e re c ta .
T he o ld est h u m a n rem a in s w h ich d e m o n stra te severe d e fo rm a tio n ste m 
fro m ch a lc o lith ic cem eteries is B yblos, (L e b a n o n ) a n d in Sey H oyek (A n ato lia) 
d a te d to 4th m illen iu m B. C. (M. O zbek, 1974).
B o th th e se ty p e s of d efo rm atio n la te r sp rea d am ong th e S k y th o -S arm ats, 
a n d fro m th e m w e re ta k en ov er by th e H u n s. This is ev id en ced b y th e fam ous 
series of d efo rm e d sk u lls fro m th e K en k o lsk iy ca ta co m b c e m e te ry in th e T a­
las V alley, T ian S h an , d ated a b o u t th e b eg in in g of th e 1st c e n tu ry A. D. (W. W 
G inzburg an d E. W . Z hirow , 1949).
A ccording to J. C hochol (1969) th e H u n s in tro d u c e d th is c u s to m to th e G er­
m an s b etw e en th e 5th an d 6th c e n tu rie s A. D. an d so sev eral ca se s of d efo rm ed 
c ra n ia fro m th e tim e of th e G reat M ig ratio n w ere re p o rte d fro m C zechoslova­
k ia a n d R u m an ia (W. W olski, D. N icolaescu-P lopsor, 1972).

2 C ranium No. 1 from D ravlje. — L ob a n ja št. 1 iz D ravelj
In th e sa m e p e rio d th is a rtific a i d e fo rm a tio n a p p e a rs in th e B a lk a n P en ­
insula, w h e re it w a s p rev io u sly u n k n o w n , if w e a c c e p t th e d a ta given by 
B. B oev (1972) in h is e x h a u stiv e p u b lic a tio n on th e p a le o a n th ro p o lo g y of th is 
area. H e r e p o r ts th e f irs t ca se s fro m S ta rg o sia n e a r P leven, d a te d to th e By- 
zan ty n e p e rio d (4ht— 5th c e n tu ry A. D.) a n d fro m th e c e m e te ry in D latsheva-S a- 
b iy ar (K iiste n d il) d a te d b e tw e e n 5th— 6th c e n tu rie s A. D.
B o th th e se d e fo rm e d c ra n ia d e m o n s tra te half-M ongologid a n d h alf-E u ro p o id 
c h a ra c te ris tic s a n d m ay d esc e n d fro m th e H u n n ia n -P ro to b u lg a ric c o n fe d e ra ­
tion. H o w ev er, it se em s m o re p ro b a b le th a t th e c u s to m o f c irc u la r d e fo rm a tio n 
w as b ro u g h t to D ra v lje sim p ly b y th e O stro g o th s w h o d e riv e d it fro m th e ir 
close r e la tio n s w ith S arm ato-A lanic trib e s.
N ow th e re re m a in s th e d e s c rip tio n o f th e se c o n d c ra n iu m b e a rin g N o. 1, 
covered by o rn a m e n ts co n sistin g o f th in , golden s p ira ls p a ssin g b e h in d th e

s u p ra o rb ita l a rc s a n d v ertically fro m g la b ella to b re g m a (Fig. 2 ). I t is p re se n te d 
only in th e fo rm o f calv aria, stro n g ly d am ag e d in th e regions of th e o ccip u t an d 
th e rig h t te m p o ra l b o n e. T he b a sa l p o rtio n is also a lm o st a b s e n t. I t is slightly 
d efo rm e d too, b u t in th is case, w e a re p ro b a b ly dealing w ith p lagiocephaly an d 
n o t w ith a rtific a i d efo rm a tio n . I t is r a th e r big, b u t th e su p e ro rb ita l relief is 
only slig h tly d ev e lo p e d a n d th e m a sto id s a re sm all a n d sh a rp ly p o in ted . The 
m a in c ra n ia l s u tu re s a re o b lite ra te d to a co n sid erab le ex ten t. T h u s it belongs 
to th e fem ale sex a n d th e la te m a tu ru s categ o ry age, i. e. b e tw e e n 40— 50 
y ears, w h ic h is in fu ll a g re e m e n t w ith T. P ogačnik’s diagnosis. I t is brachy- 
cephalic, w ith b u lg in g p a rie ta l b o n es a n d a b ro a d n asal ro o t. T he in flu en ce 
of th e L ap o n o id (L) elem e n t is fairly su re , w h ich co m b in ed w ith a so m ew h at 
fla tte n e d o c c ip u t a n d larg e d im en sio n s, su g g ests a n affin ity to th e A lpine (HL) 
type, a co m m o n c o m p o n e n t o f m o u n ta in o u s regions a n d of th e B a lk a n p en in ­
su la a n d Asia.
T hus, th is sk u ll does n o t c o n trib u te su b sta n tia lly to th e p ro b le m of th e 
o rig in s o f th e p e o p le s b u rie d in D ravlje. H ow ever, th e A lpine a ffin ities in d i­
c a te a u to c h th o n o u s d esc e n t of th is in d iv id u a l ra th e r th a n O stro g o th ic.
Of co u rse , ev en th e m o st d e tailed an th ro p o lo g ic a l analysis o f only tw o in d i­
v id u als c a n n ev e r le a d to an y c e rta in eth n o lo g ic al conclusion. I n fact, w e have 
m e re ly p ro v ed th a t th e re su lts of th e an th ro p o lo g ica l an aly sis a re n o t c o n tra ­
d ic to ry to th e O stro g o th ic affin ities of th e p o p u la tio n b u rie d in D ravlje.
T he seco n d p a r t of th is re p o rt d ea ls w ith th e an th ro p o lo g ic a l analysis of 
th e c re m a te d re m a in s fro m urn -g rav es, ex cav ated in E m o n a (L. Plesničar-G ec, 
1972).
T he analysis c o n s iste d of th e id e n tific a tio n o f th e fra g m e n ts o f p a rtic u la r 
p a rts of th e sk e leto n , th e ir m o rp h o lo g ic al d escrip tio n , d istin g u ish in g th e n u m ­
b e r of th e b u rie d in d iv id u als a n d th e ir sexing a n d aging.
T hus, th e g rav e d e n o te d on ly as " H a lls ta tt B ” co n tain s a m e d iu m am o u n t 
o f sm all sev eraly b u r n t fra g m e n ts w h ic h a re g reyish-brow n in colour. They 
b elo n g ed to one in d iv id u a l only w h ich w as esta b lish e d o n th e b a sis of tw o frag ­
m e n ts o f o c c ip ita l b o n es w ith a w ell d ev elo p ed p ro tu b e ra n c e , fa irly th ic k frag ­
m e n ts of p a rie ta ls ( 3— 6 m m ) fra g m e n ts o f th e c ra n ia l v a u lt w ith advanced 
o b lite ra tio n an d n u m e ro u s fra g m en ts o f th e long b o n es w ith o ssifie d epiphises 
a n d th ic k lam in ae. I t sh o u ld be f u rth e r n o tic ed th a t th e a n te rio r m a rg in of th e 
tib ia a m o u n ts to 8— 9 m m . All th e m o rp h o lo g ic al fe a tu re s o f th e se m o re c h a r­
a c te ris tic re m a in s allo w u s to assig n th is in d iv id u al to th e m a le sex an d b e­
tw ee n 35— 40 y ea rs of age.
T he n e x t grave, N o. 732, d a te d to th e 1st ce n tu ry A. D. c o n ta in e d a very large 
a m o u n t of d e fo rm e d re m a in s show ing d iffe re n t degrees of c re m a tio n . H ere, I 
w o u ld lik e to th a n k W . W olska fo r h e r c o o p e ra tio n d u rin g th e stu d y of th is 
grave. T h e re m a in s a re yellow ish-w hite in co lo u r o r very light w ith greyish-blue 
shades. S om e o f th e m reveal tra c e s o f fe rro tid e s. T his o ffe rs evidence fo r a 
h y p o th e sis th a t th e c re m a tio n w as d o n e o n d iffe re n t fu n e ra l piles.
T he m e th o d o f co llectin g th e re m a in s fro m th e p ile c o n siste d in selecting 
m ain ly th e p o stc ra n ia l fra g m e n ts, f irs t of all th o se o f ep ip h y ses. A m a jo rity o f 
fra g m e n ts b elo n g ed to a m ale in d iv id u al w hile, p e rh a p s, sym bolically, som e 
fra g m e n ts o f tw o o th e r in d iv id u als w e re ad d ed . F ra g m en ts o f a co m p ac t clay

m ig h t o rig in a te fro m th e p la ce o f th e c re m a tio n (u strin u m ). I t m ay n o t b e im ­
p o ssib le th a t th e c re m a tio n w as d o n e in th e b u ria l p la c e (b u stu m ).
T h u s, th e p re s e n c e of th re e in d iv id u a ls h a s b ee n a s c e rta in e d . T h e follow ing 
fra g m e n ts b elo n g to th e f irs t in d iv id u a l : 1 o c c ip u t s q u a m a w ith p o o rly devel­
o p ed in te rn a l p ro tu b e ra n c e , 2 p a rte s p e tro s a e o ssis te m p o ra lis of g re a te r di­
m e n sio n s a n d to ta lly o ssified , fra g m e n te d c o rp u s of sp h e n o id b o n e, condyloid 
p ro c e ssu s of th e le ft p a r t o f th e m a n d ib le , 1 fra g m e n t of th e g o n ia l p a rt, ro b u s t 
a n d stro n g ly re lie fe d , sev eral fra g m e n ts of p a rie ta ls w ith so m e w h a t o b lite ra te d 
in te rn a l s u tu re s , 1 e p ip h y sic fra g m e n t o f th e rig h t h u m e ru s a n d le ft c a p u t 
h u m e ri w h ic h w a s n o t g ro w n to d ia p h y sis (g— d = 46 m m ) se v e ra l fra g m en ts 
o f p ro x im a l e p ip h y sis o f th e fe m o ra l b o n e , 2 fra g m e n ts o f fe m u r (th ick n ess 
5— 9 m m ) fra g m e n t o f b o th e p ip h y sis o f th e tib ia e , also n o t fu lly o ssified , 1 
fra g m e n t of lu m b a r a n d 2 fra g m e n ts o f th o ra c ic v e rte b ra e , 2 fra g m e n ts o f d ia­
p h y sis o f a ra d iu s (th ic k n e s s 2,5— 3 m m ) , 1 fra g m e n t o f u ln a r d ia p h y sis (th ic k ­
n ess 2,5— 3,5 m m ) so m e fra g m e n ts o f ta lu s , scap u la, clavicle, p a te lla , ste rn u m . 
T h e ro b u s tn e s s a n d m a sstiv ity o f all th e se re m a in s le a d to a d iag n o sis of m ale 
sex a n d a n age c a te g o ry o f 18— 20 y ears.
T h e se co n d in d iv id u a l w as d ia g n o se d o n th e b asis o f 1 fra g m e n t o f p ro x im a l 
ep ip h y sis w h ic h w a s n o t g ro w n to d ia p h y sis a n d tw o o th e r d ista l fra g m en ts, 
a fra g m e n t o f th e ra d iu s, so m e fra g m e n t of co stae , sc ap u la , d ista l epiphysis, 
c a p u t d ia p h y sis o f th e fe m u r (th ic k n e ss 3— 5 m m ) clavicle a n d ste rn u m . F ro m 
th e c ra n ia l b o n e s d e p e n d e d fra g m e n ts of th e sy m p h y sic re g io n o f th e m a n d ib le , 
la te ra l m a rg in s o f th e n a s a l a p e r tu re a n d n a sa l sp in e w h ic h w a s d ire c te d d o w n ­
w a rd s a n d se v e ra l fra g m e n ts o f th e c ra n ia l v au lt. All th e s e re m a in s a re deli­
cately b u ilt a n d n o t fu lly o ssified , w h ic h su g g ests a fem a le o f 14— 15 y e a rs of 
age.
T h e th ir d in d iv id u a l w as v ery p o o rly re p re s e n te d b y la m in a r fra g m e n ts, 
v ery th in a n d d e lic a te , a n d se v eral fra g m e n t of ce rv ica l a n d th o ra c ic v e rte b ra e , 
c o stae , s te rn u m a n d tib ia l b o n es o f th e sa m e b u ild a n d sm a ll d im e n sio n a n d 
w ith a n in fa n tile d eg re e of o ssific a tio n . T h u s, th e y p ro b a b ly b elo n g ed to an 
in d iv id u a l of 3— 5 y e a rs o f age.
T h e d e n ta l fra g m e n ts w h ich co u ld b e assig n e d to f irs t tw o in d iv id u a ls seem 
to c o n firm th e d ia g n o ses.
R e m a in s f ro m th e grey u rn w h ich re p re s e n t th e th ir d g ra v e w e re p re s e n t in 
a g re a te r a m o u n t. T hey a re re la tiv e ly b ig a n d w ell p re se rv e d , stro n g ly c re m a te d 
b u t d e fo rm e d th e rm ic a lly to a d iffe re n t degree. T hey sh o w so m e co lo u r v a ria ­
tio n fro m v ery lig h t b ro w n to d a rk g rey. H o w ev er, e v e ry th in g in d ic a te s th a t 
they b elo n g to o n e in d iv id u al.
T h is in d iv id u a l w as in d e n tifie d o n th e b a sis of fra g m e n ts o f th e fro n ta l 
bone, sh o w in g a n a d v a n c e d o b lite ra tio n of s u tu re s a n d r a th e r th ic k (4— 6 m m ) 
w ith s tro n g s u p r a o r b ita l a rc s, 1 fra g m e n t o f le ft te m p o ra l b o n e, d is ta l epi­
p h y sis o f rig h t h u m e ru s w ith p e r f o ra te d co n d y le (bicond. = 56 m m ?, tro c h le a r 
len g th = 41 m m ) , fra g m e n t o f in te rn a l la m in a e of m a n d ib le w ith alv eo la r fos­
sae, fra g m e n t o f p ro x im a l e p ip h y ses o f b o th tib ia e (b ic o n d . d e x tra = 61 m m ? ) 
sa g itta l d ia m e te r o f s in is tra a t tu b e ro s ita s = 40 m m ? a n d tra n s v e rs a l d ia m e te r 
= 39??, fra g m e n t o f tib ia l le ft d ia p h y sis (th ic k n e ss a t lin e a m . solei = 4 m m ) 
fra g m e n t of d is ta l e p ip h y ses of b o th fe m o ra , p ro x im a l e p ip h y sis of rig h t h u ­
m e ru s (c a p u t d ia m e te r g— d = 38 m m , m e d iu m s a g itta l d ia m e te r = 39 m m )

an d rig h t sc ap u la fra g m e n t of isch iae b o n e, fra g m e n t of d is ta l epiphysis of 
fib u la, d ista l ep ip h y sis of rig h t tib ia, tro c h le a r region of rig h t tib ia , tro c h le a r 
reg io n of rig h t ta lu s, tu b e ra i region o f le ft calcaneus, left p a te lla (height = 
39 m m , th ic k n e ss = 1 8 m m ) several fra g m e n ts of fem o ral d ia p h y ses (thickness 
= 4 — 5 m m ) an d ep ip h y ses, 7 v e rte b ra l fra g m e n ts w ith slight o ste o p h y ts.
All th e se re m a in s sh o w full o ssific atio n , large dim en sio n s a n d fairly ro b u st 
b u ild . C o nsequently, th e y sh o u ld be a ssig n e d to m ale in d iv id u al of 40— 50 y ears 
of age.
In th e grave N o. 623 a p p e a re d tw o in d iv id u als w hose re m a in s a re ra th e r 
poorly re p re se n te d , th o u g h only m o d e ra te ly cre m a te d a n d of grey-brow n colour.
T he f irs t of th e m w as d istin g u ish e d o n th e b asis of th e m a sto id region 
w ith p ro cessu s, h ea v ily b u ilt te m p o ra l p ro c e ssu s of th e m an d ib le , fra g m en ts of 
v e rte b ra e , ulna, p elv is, calcan eu s an d lo n g bones. All b o n es a re stro n g ly reliefed 
and fully ossified. T h e v e rte b ra e show th e p rese n ce of o ste p h y te s. C onsequently, 
th ey sh o u ld be a ssig n e d to a m a le of 45— 55 y ea rs of age.
T he second in d iv id u a l is re p re s e n te d b y very th in an d d elica te ly b u ilt frag ­
m e n ts o f long b o n e s a n d co stae w h ich w e re of sm all size. T he d e n ta l frag m en ts, 
to g e th e r w ith th e d a ta m e n tio n e d above, e sta b lish e d age as 6— 7 years.
A m e d iu m a m o u n t of m o d e ra tely in c in e ra te d fra g m en ts w a s b u rie d in th e 
grave No. 424. S o m e o f th e m a re fairly b ig a n d of grey-brow n co lo u r.
T he fra g m e n ts of th e g lab ellar re g io n (13 m m th ic k ) rev e als a tra c e of 
m e to p ism , w h ile th e la te ra l p a r t of th e su p ra o rb ita l region h a s only very slight 
p o sto rb ita l c o n stru c tio n . T he p re se rv e d fra g m e n ts of n asal b o n e s suggest a very 
p ro m in e n t nose, w ith m e d iu m b ro a d n a sa l r o o t; th e fra g m e n t o f occipital 
sq u a m a is a b o u t 5 m m th ic k as are th e p a rie ta ls. T he su tu re s a re a t th e begin­
nin g o f o b lite ra tio n . T h e v ertical d ia m e te r of th e rig h t h u m e ra l h ea d eguals to 
42 m m a n d th e tra n s v e rs a l one 40 m m .
T he th re e fra g m e n ts of fem o ral co n d y ls a n d diap h y ses a re r a th e r heavily 
b u ilt a n d to ta lly o ssified . T he m o rp h o lo g y of th e le ft ta lu s-ep isth ro p h e u s, th e 
iliac fo rc ae m a n d v e rte b ra e a n d co stal fra g m e n ts a re o f id e n tic a l m orphology. 
T hus, all th e re m a in s belonged to o n e m a le in d iv id u al of 30— 35 y ea rs of age.
G rave No. 520 d a te d to 1th c e n tu ry A. D. co n tain s a sm all a m o u n t of stro n g ly 
c re m a te d fra g m e n ts w h ich a re of lig h t brow n-yellow ish co lo u r. They seem to 
belong to 1 fem ale in d iv id u al aged 20— 25 years. T his can b e d e m o n stra te d on 
th e b asis o f c ra in a l b o n es w h ich a re less th a n m o d e ra tely reliefed , n o t th ic k 
( 3— 5 m m fo r p a rie ta ls ) w ith o pen s u tu re s th e left p a r t p e tro sa is fully ossified. 
F u rth e rm o re th e fra g m e n ts of th e lo n g b o n es show a sim ila r m orphology an d 
degree of o ssific a tio n as do th e p ro x im a l ep ip h y sis of the r ig h t u ln a an d th e 
firs t of th e rig h t h u m e ru s as w ell. T he p re se n c e of o th e r fra g m e n ts o f d iaphysis 
of h u m e ru s isc h ia d ic a a n d iliac bones, le ft scap u la, ste rn u m , v e rte b ra e costae, 
tib ia a n d fe m u r m o d e ra te ly th ic k b u t to ta lly ossified sh o u ld also b e noticed.
At th e en d o f th is analysis of c re m a te d h u m a n re m a in s it sh o u ld be m en ­
tio n e d th a t too sm a ll a n u m b e r of g rav e s d id n o t allow us to stu d y th e m fro m 
a s ta tistic a l an d p aleo d e m o g ra p h ic al p o in t of view.

Table 1
T h e su m m a rise d resu lts o f a n thropological analysis
Grave
G rob
Locality
N a jd išč e
Chronology
Čas
Sex
S p o l
Age
S ta ro s t
N um ber of 
Individuals 
Š tevilo oseb
38
(skeletal)
D ravlje VI c. A. D. m ale 35—40
years
1
1
(skeletal)
D ravlje VI c. A. D. fem ale 40—50
years
1
?
(crem ated)
E m ona H allstatt B m ale 35—40
years
1
T il
(crem ated)
E m ona Ic .A .D . 1 m ale 
1 fem ale 
1 child
18—20 years 
14— 15 years 
3— 5 years
3
?
grey u rn 
(crem ated)
E m ona m ale 40—45 years 1
623
(crem ated)
E m ona II c. A. D. 1 m ale 
1 child
40—45 (?) years 
6— 7 years
2
520
(crem ated)
E m ona I c . A. D. fem ale 20—25 y ears 1
424
(crem ated)
E m ona I—II c. A. D. m ale 30—35 years 1
REFEREN CES
Boev, P. 1972: D ie R a sse n ty p e n d er B a lka n h a lb in sel. Sofia.
Chochol, J. 1960: E in künstlich d efo rm ierter K inderschädel aus d er Zeit der Völker­
w anderung, A n th ro p o lo g ie, 11—17.
Ginzbug, W. W. & E. W. Zhirow 1949: The anthropological m aterials from the Ken- 
kolskiy catacom b cem etery in the Valley of Talas Khirgizya (in Russian), S b o rn ik 
M u zeja A n tro p o lo g y i i E tn o g ra fyi 10, 213—265.
Özbek, M. 1974: É tu d e de la déform ation cranienne artificielle chez les chalcolithi- 
ques de Byblos (Lebanon), B ull, e t M em . de la Soc. d'A n th ro p o lo g ie de P aris 1, 
455—481.
Plesničar-Gec, L. 1972: S evern o e m o n sk o grobišče, K atalogi in m onografije 8. Ljub­
ljana.
Pogačnik, T. & T. Tomazo-Ravnik 1975: A ntropološka obdelava osteološkega gradiva, 
S itu la 16,143— 153. Ljubljana.
Slabe, M. 1975: D ravlje. Grobišče iz časov preseljevanja ljudstev, S itu la 16, 7—140.
Strzalko, J. & J. P iontek & J. M alinow ski 1974: M aterialy Sesji N aukow ej »Metody, 
w yniki i konsekw encje badati kosci z grobów cialopalnych«, UAM , Ser. A n tro p o ­
logia 2, 37.
Wolski, W. & D. Nicolaescu-Plopsor 1972: Douä m orm inte G epidice descoperite la 
Cipäu, S tu d i si C ercetäri de A n tro p o lo g ie 1, 3—19.

NEKAJ ANTROPOLOŠKIH OPAŽANJ NA ČLOVEŠKIH KOSTNIH OSTANKIH 
IZ DRAVELJSKE IN EMONSKE NEKROPOLE
P o vze te k
Poročilo sestoji iz dveh delov. Prvi del obravnava v podrobni antropološki analizi 
m orfologijo, tipologijo in um etno deform acijo dveh lobanj iz ostrogotskega grobišča 
v Dravljah, ki je d atiran o m ed 5. in 6. stoletjem n. š.
M oška lobanja staro sti m aturus (št. 38) kaže po kranioloških znakih vmesni po­
ložaj m ed m ongolidi in europidi (sl. 1). Dolgoglavost v kom binaciji s srednje visokim 
obrazom , ozkim nosom in srednje visokim i orbitam i nakazujejo n a jugovzhodni tip 
določen po poljski antropološki šoli. L obanja je tudi močno um etno deform irana, 
za k ar so uporabili povoje. D eform acijo lahko označimo kot d e fo rm a tio circularis 
se m i erecta.
To je precej pogost tip deform acije, ki je razprostranjen na širših področjih Ev­
rope, zahodne in centralne Azije. Pričel se je že v neolitiku. V draveljsko nekropolo 
so ga verjetno zanesli Alano-Sarmati.
O drasla ženska lobanja (št. 1) je kratkoglava z izbočenima tem enicam a in širokim 
nosnim korenom , rahlo sploščenim zatiljem te r na splošno velikih dimenzij (sl. 2). 
Vsi ti znaki nakazujejo na alpski tip, običajno kom ponento gorskih predelov bal­
kanskega polotoka in Male Azije. Lobanja im a rahlo plagiokefalijo.
Drugi del članka obravnava antropološko analizo žganih kostnih ostankov iz žarnih 
grobov, ki so bili izkopani v Em oni in d atiran i v železno dobo (Ha B) te r rim sko dobo 
od 1. do 2. stoletja n. š.
Fragm ente sm o razdelili na posam ezne anatom ske skupine. Glede na m orfo­
logijo teh delčkov sm o določili število, spol in starost pokopanih oseb. Sam o v grobu 
št. 623 in št. 732 sm o dobili fragm ente več k o t ene osebe (dve v prvem in tri v drugem 
grobu).
M ajhna serija nam ne dovoljuje nobenih paleodem ografskih analiz.
Lahko zaključim o le to, da je bil v h alštatskem grobu pokopan m oški (35—40 let), 
v ostalih petih rim sk ih grobovih iz Em one p a so bili pokopani trije odrasli moški, 
dva m ladostnika, ena odrasla ženska in dva otroka um rla m ed 3. in 7. letom. V treh 
prim erih sm o lahko izračunali tudi telesno višino, ki p ri vseh treh nakazuje na 
m oške osebe. V rednosti za telesne višine se sprem injajo od 166 do 175 cm.