Odgovor na kozmopolitstvo: uvoc
Galin Tihanov
Na začetku 21. stoletja se humanistika začenja odzivati na resničnost, v kateri globalna prestrukturiranja in naraščajoče neenakosti podžigajo verske in etnične konflikte ter nacionalne tesnobe, a tudi prebujajo gibanja za družbeno pravičnost, spravo, povezovanje in razvoj vključevalnih perspektiv.
V zadnjih letih se je razmahnilo zanimanje za razpravljanje o svetovljanstvu, kozmopolitstvu. Dela znanih sociologov in politologov, kot so Ulrich Beck, Zygmunt Bauman, Arjun Appadurai in Antonio Negri, so vplivala na literarno teorijo in primerjalno književnost; izzvala so k ponovnemu premisleku njihovega položaja in nalog v svetu, zaznamovanem z naraščajočo kompleksnostjo in soodvisnostjo.
Ko predlagamo osredotočenje na načine, s katerimi je literarna teorija v 20. stoletju in do danes sprejemala različne diskurze o kozmopolitstvu, želimo preučiti temelje pojma »svetovna književnost« in disciplinarne prakse literarne teorije predvsem v razmerju do primerjalne književnosti, literarne zgodovine, »literature v prevodu« itn.
Naš glavni cilj je pričeti z izdelavo odgovorov na pomemben niz vprašanj, kot so:
•	Kako je literarna teorija konceptualizirala kozmopolitstvo in globali-zacijo, kako se je nanju odzvala? V čem so razlike med kozmopolitsvom in globalizacijo?
•	Katera so teoretsko-ideološka ozadja za znova aktualni pojem »svetovna književnost«? Kako se v pojmovanjih in programih poučevanja svetovne književnosti uveljavlja »drugost«?
•	Kateri so izvori modernega kozmopolitstva kot diskurza (od antike prek 18. stoletja do izteka 20. stoletja)?
•	Kako literarna teorija in primerjalna književnost sodelujeta pri oblikovanju izobraževalnih in ostalih kulturnih procesov, ki se skušajo spoprijeti z učinki globalizacije?
•	Ali so diskurzi kozmopolitstva preveč elitistični, da bi lahko igrali vidno vlogo v modernih potrošniških družbah?
•	Kakšen je pomen migracij in pregnanstva za oblikovanje svetovljanstva kot diskurznega korpusa? Kako so se migracije in pregnanstvo zgodovinsko vpisovali v disciplinarno identiteto literarne teorije in primerjalne književnosti?
•	Kako literarna teorija reflektira globalne medije in transnacionalne tokove komuniciranja? Koliko ti pojavi na začetku 21. stoletja spreminjajo identiteto, vlogo in konceptualizacije literarne teorije?
Z izpeljavo svojega rednega kolokvija leta 2008 v Ljubljani je Komite za literarno teorijo pri ICLA z zadovoljstvom potrdil svoje dolgo in plodno sodelovanje s slovenskimi kolegi na ZRC SAZU in Univerzi v Ljubljani. Zelo smo hvaležni profesorju Marku Juvanu in profesorju Darku Dolinarju, ker sta naše delo prijazno soorganizirala in gostila. Tematski sklop predstavlja nekatere razprave, nastale po tem izredno spodbudnem, raziskujočem dogodku, ki nam je pomagal pripraviti miselni časovni načrt, po katerem bo Komite za literarno teorijo ICLA nadaljeval svoje raziskave še nekaj let.
Pojasnilo bralcem
Darja Pavlič
Razprave v tematskem sklopu so večinoma objavljene v angleškem jeziku, izjema sta prispevka slovenskih avtorjev. Tako odločitev je narekoval tehten premislek o stroških, ki bi nastali s prevajanjem, povezana pa je tudi z željo, da bi avtorji posameznih razprav prispevali k večji prepoznavnosti Primerjalne knjižeimosti v svojih akademskih okoljih. Bralce prosim, da prevlado angleščine v tokratnem tematskem sklopu sprejmejo z razumevanjem.
Responding to Cosmopolitanism. Preface
Galin Tihanov
At the outset of the 21st century, the humanities are beginning to respond to a reality in which global restructuring and growing inequalities are fuelling religious and ethnic conflicts and national anxieties, as well as movements for social justice, reconciliation, interconnection, and the development of inclusive perspectives.
The last few years have seen a veritable upsurge in interest in the discourses of cosmopolitanism. The work of well-known sociologists and political theorists, such as Ulrich Beck, Zygmunt Bauman, Arjun Appadurai and Antonio Negri, has had an impact on literary theory and comparative literature; it has confronted these fields with the challenge to rethink their place and tasks in a world marked by increasing complexity and interdependence.
In proposing to focus on the ways in which literary theory has embraced the various discourses of cosmopolitanism in the 20th century and at present, we wish to examine the foundations of the notion of 'world literature' and the disciplinary practices of literary theory in their relation to comparative literature, literary history, 'literature in translation' etc.
Our main goal is to begin to work out responses to an important range of questions, including:
•	How has literary theory conceptualised and responded to globalisation and cosmopolitanism? What are the differences between globalisation and cosmopolitanism?
•	What are the theoretical and ideological stakes behind the notion of 'world literature'? How has 'otherness' been negotiated in notions and programmes of 'world literature'?
•	What are the origins of modern cosmopolitanism as a discourse, from antiquity through the 18th century to the late 20*^ century?
•	How do literary theory and comparative literature participate in the shaping of educational and other cultural processes that set themselves the task of negotiating the effects of globalisation?
•	Are the discourses of cosmopolitanism too elitist to play a serious role in modern consumerist societies?
•	What is the significance of migration and exile in constructing cosmopolitanism as a body of discourse? How have migration and exile been
inscribed historically in the identity of literary theory and comparative literature as disciplines?
• How does literary theory reflect upon global media and transnational flows of communication? To what extent do these phenomena alter the identity, the role, and the conceptualisations of literary theory at the beginning of the 21st century?
By holding its 2008 annual colloquium in Ljubljana, the ICLA Committee on Literary Theory was very pleased to be able to acknowledge its long and fruitful collaboration with colleagues in Slovenia, both at ZRC SAZU and at the University of Ljubljana. We are very grateful to Prof. Marko Juvan and Prof. Darko Dolinar for kindly co-organising and hosting our work. This thematic section features some of the papers written after what was a most stimulating exploratory event that has helped us to set an intellectual agenda which the ICLA Committee on Literary Theory will continue to explore over the next few years.