1 © Author(s) 2024. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 2024 – 26/št. 4 Contemporary Military Challenges, 2024 – 26/No. 4 UVODNIK Klemen Kocjančič VARNOSTNO OKOLJE DOI: 10.2478/cmc-2024-0023 V Obrambni strategiji Republike Slovenije, sprejeti leta 2024, je okolje večkrat omenjeno. Beseda lahko pomeni družbeno ali naravno okolje. Prvič se pojavi v naslednjem odstavku: »Dinamično spreminjanje in negotovost mednarodnega varnostnega okolja v kombinaciji z naravo sodobnih varnostnih tveganj in groženj ter njihovo naraščajočo pogostostjo in intenzivnostjo zahtevata od obrambnega sistema proaktivnost, večjo prilagodljivost in odzivnost, povečanje obsega, spektra in vzdržljivosti obrambnih zmogljivosti ter njihovo pogostejšo uporabo« (Obrambna strategija Republike Slovenije, 2024). Človek se v vsej svoji zgodovini še vedno ni naučil sobivanja z drugimi predstavniki svoje vrste, kar se kaže v številu oboroženih konfliktov po svetu. Po podatkih Ženevske akademije trenutno poteka več kot 110 različno intenzivnih oboroženih konfliktov: največ, več kot 45, na Bližnjem vzhodu in v Severni Afriki, v drugih predelih Afrike več kot 35, v Aziji dodatnih 21, sedem v Evropi ter šest v Južni Ameriki (Geneva Academy, 2024). V času pisanja tega uvodnika imajo največ mednarodne pozornosti trije konflikti: ruska invazija na Ukrajino, izraelsko-arabski konflikt (vključno z iransko-izraelskim konfliktom) in konflikt v Siriji. Prav konflikt v Siriji je konec novembra 2024 vstopil v novo fazo, ko so različne uporniške oborožene skupine izkoristile politično in vojaško šibkost režima Bašarja al Asada in njegovih zaveznikov (Rusije in Irana) ter izvedle ofenzivo v severozahodni Siriji, ki je povzročila kolaps režimskih sil ter zavzetje več pomembnih mest (Kourdi in Edwards, 2024. 1 POVEZANOST MEDNARODNEGA OKOLJA Prav sirski primer kaže na povezanost in prepletenost mednarodnega okolja. Glavna podpornika sirskega režima, Rusija in Iran, sta oba vpletena v več drugih Uvod 2 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges oboroženih konfliktov, pri čemer Rusija največ vojaške pozornost namenja invaziji na Ukrajino, Iran pa je zapleten v boj proti Izraelu, tako neposredno kot posredno (v Gazi, Libanonu): prav v teh dveh konfliktih smo videli največjo razliko v razširitvi oboroženega konflikta na različne domene, v vplivu na druge države in s tem posledično tudi glede pozornosti pri raziskovalcih (prim. Baliž in Prebilič, 2024; Kogoj, 2024; Pavel, 2024; Somogyi in Nagy, 2023). Iran, ki je prek svojih posrednikov (Hamasa, Hezbolaha, Hutijev) poskušal hkrati odpreti več front proti Izraelu (v Gazi, na Golanskem višavju, v Siriji in Libanonu ter preko delovanja Hutijev) in tako oslabiti edino judovsko državo na svetu, ni pričakoval takega izraelskega odgovora. Izrael je tako ponovno vdrl ne le v Gazo in Libanon, pri čemer je obglavil tako vojaško kot politično vodstvo Hamasa in Hezbolaha, temveč je s svojim vojaškim letalstvom izvedel številne napade na cilje tudi v Jemnu in Iranu (Haynes, 2024; Radford idr., 2024). Ognjevitost izraelskega odgovora na številne vojaške grožnje je precej oslabila iranske konvencionalne vojaške zmogljivost. Iran ni izgubil le pomembnih vojaških zaveznikov ter ogromno vojaške opreme in oborožitve, temveč je to tudi ponovno zaustavilo jedrsko grožnjo, ki pomeni strateško nevarnost ne le za Izrael, temveč tudi za druge iranske nasprotnike v regiji in drugje po svetu (Al Jazeera, 2024). Podobno se je zgodilo z Rusijo. Načrtovana kratkotrajna invazija na Ukrajino februarja 2022 se je hitro spremenila v nenačrtovani dolgotrajni in še vedno trajajoči oboroženi konflikt, ki tako poteka že od leta 2014. Krčevita ukrajinska obramba, ki ji je uspelo avgusta 2024 prenesti bojevanje tudi na ozemlje Rusije, tako zahteva številne okrepitve v ruskem vojaštvu kot opremi, zaradi česar je Rusija že leta 2022 zmanjšala svojo prisotnost v Siriji, a je ni nikoli zapustila (Moscow Times, 2022; Umland, 2024). Podobno se je zgodilo z rusko prisotnostjo v različnih predelih Afrike, kjer deluje prek lastnih najemniških sil, tako imenovanega Afriškega korpusa. Afriški korpus, ki je naslednik bolj zloglasne Skupine Wagner in trenutno šteje več tisoč pripadnikov (med njimi je tudi veliko veteranov bojev v Ukrajini), je prav tako leta 2024 večkrat doživel hude izgube v bojih proti lokalnim uporniškim skupinam (Brown, 2024; Ehl, 2024). V želji po uveljavitvi svojih mednarodnih apetitov sta se Rusija in Iran soočila z nasprotnikom, ki je oba režima prisilil k večjim naporom, kot je bilo prvotno načrtovano, zaradi česar sta na drugih območjih delovanja izgubila strateško pomembnost, ki sta jo nekoč imela. Sirija je najnovejši primer take izgube ruskega pomena zaradi nepremišljene invazije v Ukrajino. Predhodno se je isto zgodilo tudi Armeniji, ki je izgubila svojega strateškega zaveznika v konfliktu z Azerbajdžanom ter posledično septembra 2023 tudi Gorskokarabaško republiko (Republiko Arcah), ko so azerbajdžanske sile izvedle ofenzivo in prevzele nadzor nad Gorskim Karabahom (Mikaelian in Perović, 2023). Klemen Kocjančič 3 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges Tako se vračamo na že omenjeno Obrambno strategijo Republike Slovenije (2024), ki med drugim izpostavlja naslednje: »Mednarodno varnostno okolje Republike Slovenije je kompleksno, dinamično, soodvisno, podvrženo hitrim in nepredvidljivim spremembam, ki imajo lahko globalne razsežnosti. V njem ni izrazitih ločnic med notranjo in zunanjo razsežnostjo varnosti.« To se je v Sloveniji najbolj videlo po letu 2015 in nastopu globalne migrantske krize, ko je bilo tudi slovensko ozemlje kot del tako imenovane balkanske poti izpostavljeno tisočerim nezakonitim migrantom. Tako je bilo neposredno ogroženo varnostno okolje v Sloveniji zaradi takratnih oboroženih konfliktov v Afriki in Aziji, pri čemer niso bile posledice le na varnostnem področju, temveč tudi na političnem (Brožič, 2020; Malešič, 2017). 2 PRISPEVKI Matej Jug v prispevku Posameznik in njegova vloga v sodobnem varnostnem okolju kritično ovrednoti razumevanje posameznikove varnosti in njegove vloge v sodobnem varnostnem okolju. Slednje je podvrženo različnim vplivom: globalizaciji, transformaciji družbe, povečanju kompleksnosti in obsegov virov ogrožanja ter zmanjšanju zmožnosti varnostnega sektorja za opravljanje nalog. Silvo Grčar, Andrej Sotlar in Katja Eman obravnavajo samozavedanje pripadnikov Slovenske vojske glede ekoloških posledic njihovega delovanja v prispevku Ekološka ozaveščenost pripadnikov Slovenske vojske: samozaznavanje kot izhodišče za krepitev okoljskega vidika civilno-vojaških razmerij. Vprašanje ekologije oziroma ohranjanja naravnega okolja je v sodobnem času postalo pomembno družbeno in politično vprašanje ter tako strateško pomembno za vojaške organizacije. Problematika pridobivanja in zadrževanja kadra v Slovenski vojski je pereča tema, s katero se Ministrstvo za obrambo spoprijema že dlje časa. Janja Vuga Beršnak, Gašper Ferme, Andraž Melanšek, Andrej Kohont, Ljubica Jelušič in Jelena Juvan v svojem prispevku, naslovljenem Naj ostanem ali odidem? Teoretični model zadrževanja kadrov v Slovenski vojski, predstavijo teoretični model dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na zadrževanje kadrov v vojaški organizaciji na vseh socialnoekoloških ravneh. Okolje v smislu geografskih značilnosti ostaja pomemben element vojaškega delovanja ter vojaškega izobraževanja in usposabljanja. Mikael Weissmann in Jonas Björkqvist v prispevku Vojaško študijsko potovanje v poklicnem vojaškem izobraževanju: Združitev zgodovine, sodobnega bojišča in bojišča prihodnosti izpostavljata, da je za razvoj sodobnih vojakov pomembno obiskovati bojišča iz preteklosti. Mark Kogoj v prispevku Strateška kultura in vedenje ZDA v rusko-ukrajinskem konfliktu obravnava vpliv strateške kulture na oblikovanje ameriškega delovanja v okviru rusko-ukrajinskega konflikta. VARNOSTNO OKOLJE 4 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges Vprašanje rusko-ukrajinske vojne je obravnavano tudi v delu Vladimirja Prebiliča in Patrika Rebrice z naslovom Kibernetsko vojskovanje v rusko-ukrajinski vojni. Avtorja z analizo posameznih primerov kibernetskega vojskovanja kot pete domene vojskovanja predstavita vpliv slednjega na razvoj sodobne vojne. Ukrajinsko-ruski konflikt analizira Luka Ružičič Červek, pri čemer se v prispevku Analiza akterjev ukrajinsko-ruske vojne: Po dveh letih in pol (februar 2022-julij 2024) osredotoči na vse neposredne in posredne udeležence v tem oboroženem konfliktu. Jaroš Britovšek se v svojem prispevku Definicija obveščevalne dejavnosti ukvarja z oblikovanjem definicije sodobne obveščevalne dejavnosti, ki je nenehno prisotna v tekmovalnemu okolju. To varnostno okolje je sestavljeno iz delovanja morebitnih ali resničnih nasprotnikov, ki hkrati iščejo in varujejo podatke. Tokratno številko zaokrožuje recenzija knjige Vývoj a proměny československého strategického myšlení [Razvoj in transformacija češkoslovaške strateške misli], ki jo je napisal Blaž Torkar. 1. Al Jazeera, 2024. Israeli strikes hit ‘component’ of Iran’s nuclear programme: Netanyahu. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/18/israeli-strikes-hit-component-of-irans-nucle- ar-programme-netanyahu, 1. december 2024. 2. Baliž, M., in Prebilič, V., 2024. Gospodar zračnega prostora – zmagovalec? Sodobni vo- jaški izzivi, 26(3), str. 27–49. DOI: 10.2478/cmc-2024-0019. 3. Brown, W., 2024. The sweating bear: Why Russia’s influence in Africa is under threat. https://ecfr.eu/article/the-sweating-bear-why-russias-influence-in-africa-is-under-threat/, 1. december 2024. 4. Brožič, L., 2020. Migration to the Republic of Slovenia as »A First Step« into the Europe- an Union. Sociology and Anthropology, 8(3), str. 72–81. DOI: 10.13189/sa.2020.080303. 5. Ehl, D., 2024. How the Russian Wagner Group is entrenching itself in Africa. https://www. dw.com/en/russia-kremlin-wagner-group-influence-in-central-african-republic-sudan-ma- li/a-70599853, 1. december 2024. 6. Geneva Academy, 2024. Today's Armed Conflicts. https://geneva-academy.ch/galleries/ today-s-armed-conflicts, 1. december 2024. 7. Haynes, D., 2024. Iran seems to have badly miscalculated the risks Israel are willing to take, as unspoken rules and deterrents ripped up. https://news.sky.com/story/iran-seems- -to-have-badly-miscalculated-the-risks-israel-are-willing-to-take-as-unspoken-rules-and- -deterrents-ripped-up-13225171, 1. december 2024. 8. Kogoj, M., 2024. Strateška kultura in delovanje Ruske federacije v rusko-ukrajinskem konfliktu. Sodobni vojaški izzivi 25(1), str. 53–72. DOI: 10.2478/cmc-2023-0005. 9. Kourdi, E., in Edwards, C. 2024. Syrian rebels launch major attack on regime forces in Aleppo province. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/27/middleeast/syria-rebel-attack-a- leppo-assad-intl-latam/index.html, 1. december 2024. Literatura Klemen Kocjančič 5 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges 10. Malešič, M., 2017. The Securitisation of Migrations in Europe: The Case of Slovenia. Teorija in praksa, 54(6), str. 947–968. 11. Mikaelian, H., in Perović, J., 2023. Geopolitical Echoes of the Karabakh Conflict. CSS Analyses in Security Policy No. 334. https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/ gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/CSSAnalyse334-EN.pdf, 1. december 2024. 12. Moscow Times, 2022. Россия выводит последние резервы из Сирии для переброски в Украину [Rusija umaknila zadnje rezerve iz Sirije za okrepitev v Ukrajini]. https://www. moscowtimes.ru/2022/09/16/rossiya-vivodit-poslednie-rezervi-iz-sirii-dlya-perebroski- -v-ukrainu-a24330, 1. december 2024. 13. Pavel, T., 2024. Avoiding a 'Digital 7 October': A Study on Cyberwarfare against Israel during the October 2023 War. Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 26(3), str. 95–112. DOI: https://doi. org/10.2478/cmc-2024-0022. 14. Radford, A., in drugi, 2024. November 26, 2024 – Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire news. https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-hezbollah-ceasefire-deal-gaza-war- -11-26-24-intl-hnk/index.html, 1. december 2024. 15. Somogyi, T., in Nagy, R., 2023. The impact of the War in Ukraine on the information se- curity of the European Union’s banking industry – a case study of Hungary and Slovakia. Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 25(3/4), str. 23–32. 16. Umland, A., 2024. A Turn in the Russo-Ukrainian War? SCEEUS Commentary No. 12. https://www.ui.se/globalassets/ui.se-eng/publications/sceeus/2024-publications/a-new- -turn.pdf, 1. december 2024. 17. Vlada Republike Slovenije, 2024. Obrambna strategije Republike Slovenije. https://www. slovenskavojska.si/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumenti/Podatki_in_dejstva_dokumenti/ OS_8n_sprejeta_24_4_2024.pdf, 1. december 2024. e-mail: klemen.kocjancic@mors.si ORCID: 0000-0001-5206-6405 VARNOSTNO OKOLJE 6 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges Introduction 7 © Author(s) 2024. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 2024 – 26/št. 4 Contemporary Military Challenges, 2024 – 26/No. 4 EDITORIAL Klemen Kocjančič SECURITY ENVIRONMENT DOI: 10.2478/cmc-2024-0024 The Defence Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia, adopted in 2024, makes several references to the environment, assigning several meanings to the word: environment as a social environment and environment as a natural environment. The first occurrence of the word is in the following paragraph: »Dynamic changes in and the uncertainty of the international security environment, combined with the nature of contemporary security risks and threats and their increasing frequency and intensity, require the defence system to be proactive, more flexible and more responsive; require an increase in the scope, spectrum and sustainability of defence capabilities; and require them to be more frequently used.« (Defence Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia, 2024) Throughout its history, human has not yet learned to coexist with other members of (their own) species, which reflects in the number of armed conflicts currently taking place around the world. According to the Geneva Academy, there are currently more than 110 armed conflicts of varying intensity taking place: most of them (more than 45) in the Middle East and North Africa, more than 35 in other parts of Africa, 21 in Asia, seven in Europe and six in South America (Geneva Academy, 2024). At the time of writing, the three conflicts receiving the most international attention are the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Israeli-Arab conflict (including the Iran- Israel conflict) and the conflict in Syria. It was the conflict in Syria that entered a new phase at the end of November 2024, when various rebel armed groups took advantage of the political and military weakness of Bashar al-Assad’s regime and his allies (Russia and Iran) to launch an offensive in north-western Syria, which led to the collapse of regime forces and the capture of several important towns (Kourdi and Edwards, 2024). Introduction 8 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges 1 CONNECTEDNESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT The Syrian case illustrates the interconnectedness and interdependence of the international environment. The main supporters of the Syrian regime (Russia and Iran) are both involved in several other armed conflicts. Russia is focusing most of its military attention on the invasion of Ukraine, while Iran is involved in the struggle against Israel, both directly and indirectly (Gaza, Lebanon). It is in these two conflicts that we have seen the greatest diversity in the extension of the armed conflict to different domains, as well as in the impact on other countries, and hence in the attention paid by researchers (cf. Baliž and Prebilič, 2024; Kogoj, 2024; Pavel, 2024; Somogyi and Nagy, 2023). Iran, which through its proxies (Hamas, Hezbollah, Houthis) attempted to open several simultaneous fronts against Israel (Gaza, the Golan Heights, Syria and Lebanon, and the Houthis' actions) to weaken the only Jewish state in the world, did not expect such a response by Israel. Consequently, Israel not only re-invaded Gaza and Lebanon, beheading both the military and political leadership of Hamas and Hezbollah, but also used its air force to carry out a number of attacks on targets in Yemen and Iran itself (Haynes, 2024; Radford et al., 2024). The ferocity of Israel’s response to the numerous military threats has thoroughly weakened Iran's conventional military capabilities, which has not only lost important military allies and a huge mass of military equipment and weaponry, but has also (re)stalled the Iranian nuclear problem, which poses strategic threats not only to Israel, but also to other Iranian adversaries in the region and elsewhere in the world (Al Jazeera, 2024). A similar situation has unfolded with Russia. The planned short-lived invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 quickly escalated into an unanticipated protracted conflict, which has now been going on since 2014. Ukraine's weakening defences, which in August 2024 managed to bring the fighting onto Russian territory, required significant reinforcements of Russian troops and equipment. This led Russia to reduce its presence in Syria as early as 2022, though it never fully withdrew (Moscow Times, 2022; Umland, 2024). A comparable situation has emerged with Russia's activities in various parts of Africa, where it primarily operates through its mercenary force, the so-called Africa Corps. The African Corps, which is the successor to the infamous Wagner Group, currently comprises several thousand members, many of whom are veterans of the Ukrainian conflict. The Corps has suffered repeated heavy losses in 2024 in battles against local rebel groups (Brown, 2024; Ehl, 2024). In their efforts to assert international influence, both Russia and Iran have encountered adversaries that forced them to make greater efforts than originally planned, resulting in a loss of strategic relevance in other areas of action. Syria is the most recent example of such a loss of Russian relevance due to the reckless invasion of Ukraine. The same happened to Armenia, which lost a strategic ally in its conflict with Azerbaijan and, Klemen Kocjančič 9 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges consequently, the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh in September 2023. Azerbaijani forces launched an offensive and took control of Nagorno-Karabakh (Mikaelian and Perovic, 2023). This brings us back to the Defence Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia (2024), which, among other things, emphasizes that »The international security environment of the Republic of Slovenia is complex, dynamic, interdependent, and subject to rapid and unpredictable changes, which may have global dimensions. There are no clear dividing lines between the internal and external dimensions of security«. This was most evident in Slovenia after 2015, with the onset of the global migrant crisis, when Slovenian territory, as part of the so-called Balkan route, was exposed to thousands of irregular migrants. The security environment in Slovenia was at the time thus directly threatened by armed conflicts in Africa and Asia, with consequences not only in the security sphere, but also in the political sphere (Brožič, 2020; Malešič, 2017). 2 CONTRIBUTIONS Matej Jug's article Individual and his role in the modern security environment critically examines the contemporary understanding of individual security, and the role of the individual in the contemporary security environment. The latter is subject to various influences: globalisation, societal transformation, the increase in the complexity and scale of threat sources, and the reduction of the security sector's capacity to perform its tasks. Silvo Grčar, Andrej Sotlar and Katja Eman discuss the self-awareness of SAF members regarding the ecological consequences of their actions in the paper Ecological awareness of the personnel of the Slovenian Armed Forces: Self- Identification as a basis for streghthening the environtmental aspect of civil- military relations. The issue of ecology or preservation of the natural environment has become an important social and political issue in the modern era, making it of strategic importance to military organisations. The recruitment and retention of personnel in the Slovenian Armed Forces has been a pressing issue for the Ministry of Defence for a long time. In their contribution, Janja Vuga Beršnak, Gašper Ferme, Andraž Melanšek, Andrej Kohont, Ljubica Jelušič and Jelena Juvan entitled Should I Stay or Go? A Theoretical Model of Personnel Retention in the Slovenian Armed Forces, they present a theoretical model outlining the factors that influence retention organisation at all socio-ecological levels within a military organization. The environment, in terms of geography, remains an important element of military operations as well as military education and training. In their article Staff rides in professional military education: fusing history, the modern battlefield, and the battlefield of the future, Mikael Weissmann and Jonas Björkqvist highlight the SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 10 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges importance of incorporating visits to battlefields of the past for the development of modern soldiers. Mark Kogoj's paper Strategic culture and the U.S. engagement in the Russia- Ukraine conflict examines the human element of the environment through strategic culture on the shaping of US action in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The issue of the Russo-Ukrainian war is also addressed in Vladimir Prebilič and Patrik Rebrica's article, entitled Cyber Warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Through an analysis of individual examples of cyber warfare as the fifth operational domain, the authors present its impact on the evolution of modern warfare. The Ukrainian-Russian conflict is analysed by Luka Ružičič Červek, who focuses on all direct and indirect actors in this armed conflict in his article Analysis of the actors of the Ukrainian-Russian war: two and a half years later (February 2022-July 2024). In his contribution entitled The Definition of Intelligence Activity, Jaroš Britovšek tackles the challenge of defining modern intelligence, which is an ever-present in a competitive security environment, characterized by the actions of potential or actual adversaries seeking to obtain and protect information. This issue concludes with a review of the book Vývoj a proměny československého strategického myšlení [Development and transformation of Czechoslovak strategic thought] by Blaž Torkar. 1. Al Jazeera, 2024. Israeli strikes hit ‘component’ of Iran’s nuclear programme: Netanyahu. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/18/israeli-strikes-hit-component-of-irans-nucle- ar-programme-netanyahu, 1 December 2024. 2. Baliž, M., and Prebilič, V., 2024. Gospodar zračnega prostora – zmagovalec? Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 26(3), str. 27–49. DOI: 10.2478/cmc-2024-0019. 3. Brown, W., 2024. The sweating bear: Why Russia’s influence in Africa is under threat. https://ecfr.eu/article/the-sweating-bear-why-russias-influence-in-africa-is-under-threat/, 1 December 2024. 4. Brožič, L., 2020. Migration to the Republic of Slovenia as »A First Step« into the Europe- an Union. Sociology and Anthropology, 8(3), str. 72–81. DOI: 10.13189/sa.2020.080303. 5. Ehl, D., 2024. How the Russian Wagner Group is entrenching itself in Africa. https://www. dw.com/en/russia-kremlin-wagner-group-influence-in-central-african-republic-sudan-ma- li/a-70599853, 1 December 2024. 6. Geneva Academy, 2024. Today's Armed Conflicts. https://geneva-academy.ch/galleries/ today-s-armed-conflicts, 1 December 2024. References Klemen Kocjančič 11 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges 7. Haynes, D., 2024. Iran seems to have badly miscalculated the risks Israel are willing to take, as unspoken rules and deterrents ripped up. https://news.sky.com/story/iran-seems- -to-have-badly-miscalculated-the-risks-israel-are-willing-to-take-as-unspoken-rules-and- -deterrents-ripped-up-13225171, 1 December 2024. 8. Kogoj, M., 2024. Strateška kultura in delovanje Ruske federacije v rusko-ukrajinskem konfliktu. Sodobni vojaški izzivi 25(1), str. 53–72. DOI: 10.2478/cmc-2023-0005. 9. Kourdi, E., and Edwards, C. 2024. 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Avoiding a 'Digital 7 October': A Study on Cyberwarfare against Israel during the October 2023 War. Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 26(3), str. 95–112. DOI: https://doi. org/10.2478/cmc-2024-0022. 14. Radford, A., and drugi, 2024. November 26, 2024 – Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire news. https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-hezbollah-ceasefire-deal-gaza-war- -11-26-24-intl-hnk/index.html, 1 December 2024. 15. Somogyi, T., and Nagy, R., 2023. The impact of the War in Ukraine on the information se- curity of the European Union’s banking industry – a case study of Hungary and Slovakia. Sodobni vojaški izzivi, 25(3/4), str. 23–32. 16. Umland, A., 2024. A Turn in the Russo-Ukrainian War? SCEEUS Commentary No. 12. https://www.ui.se/globalassets/ui.se-eng/publications/sceeus/2024-publications/a-new- -turn.pdf, 1 December 2024. 17. Vlada Republike Slovenije, 2024. Obrambna strategije Republike Slovenije. https://www. slovenskavojska.si/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumenti/Podatki_in_dejstva_dokumenti/ OS_8n_sprejeta_24_4_2024.pdf, 1 December 2024. e-mail: klemen.kocjancic@mors.si ORCID: 0000-0001-5206-6405 SECURITY ENVIRONMENT