ANN ALES • Ser. hist. nat. - 13 • 2003 • 2
original scientific article	UDK 597.3:639.2(262.3-15)
received: 2003-04-11
SHARKS CAPTURED OFF PESCARA (ITALY, WESTERN ADRIATIC SEA)
Gianluca CUGINI 1-65127 Pescara, via Italirj 42 E-mail: gianiiicaciigini@hoimait.com
Alessandro DE MADDALENA Italian Great White Shark Data Sank, ¡-20145 Milano, via L. Arioslo 4
ABSTRACT
We present the results of a study of sharks captured in the waters off Pescara, Italy (Adriatic Seal, from May 2000 ro March 2003. We recorded 144 sharks, representing at least II species: houndsharks (Mustelus sp. and maybe Leptocharias smithii, 29.86% of total captures), catsharks (Scyliorhinus canícula, S. steliaris and S. sp., 28.47%), Squalus acantinas (2430%), Hexanchus griseus (5.55%), Prionace glauca (4.86%), Lamna nasus (2.77%). Cetorhi-nus maximus (2.08%), Alopias vulpinus (0.69%), Oxynotus centrina (0.69%) andCenfrophorus sp. (0.69%). We also had the opportunity to gather information concerning some captures of P. glauca, A. vulpinus, Carcharodon carcharías and unidentified lamnid sharks that had occurred in previous years. In these waters, H. griseus appears to be relatively abundant and L nasus is more common than previously believed; the paucity of captures of P. glauca may present cause for concern.
Key words: sharks, fishery, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea
GLI SQUALI CATTURATI NELLE ACQUE D! PESCARA {ITALIA, MARE ADRIATICO OCCIDENTALE}
SINTESi
Vengono presentad i risultati di uno studio elegí i squali pescad nelh acque di Pescara, Italia (Mare Adriático), dal Maggio 2000 ai Marzo 2003. Sono slati registran 144 esemplari, riferibili ad almeno 11 specie: palombi (Mustelus sp. e íorse Leptocharias smithii, 29.86% delle catture total i), gattucci (Scyíiorhinus canícula, S. stellaris e S. sp... 28.47%), Squalus acanthias (24.30%), Hexanchus griseus (5.55%), Prionace glauca (4.86%), Lamna nasus (2.77%), Cetoríiinus maximus (2.06%), Alopias vulpinus (0.69%), Oxynotus centrina (0.69%) e Centrophorus sp. (0.69%). E' stato inoltre possibile rilevare infomiazioni inerenti ad a/cune catture di P. glauca, A. vulpinus, Carcharodon carcharías e lanmidi non identificati occorse in anni precedenti. In queste acque H. griseus appare relativamente fréquente e L. nasus è piu romane di quanto si ritenesse; èpréoccupante l'esiguith di catture di P. glauca.
Parole chiave: squali, pesca, Italia, Mare Adriático, Mare Mediterráneo
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Gianlirca CUGIN1 A Aiessandro 06 MADDALENA: SHARKS CAPTURER Off PESCAKA ¡IJALY, WESTERN ADRIATIC SEA}. 201-203
INTRODUCTION
The capture o? sharks, mostly as by-catch, along the Italian coast has only rarely been the object of specific and long-term analysis IDe Maddalena & Piscitelii, 2001). However, such studies are an important source of data that, correctly interpreted, allow us to significantly increase our knowledge of sharks inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea. Such an investigation permits us to gather fundamental information on occurrence, distribution, relative abundance and fisheries status of many shark species. For these reasons, a study of the sharks captured in the waters off Pescara, Abruzzi, Italy (Western Adriatic Sea), an area where shark fauna have previously been only infrequently and irregularly investigated, has been conducted over a three-year period.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study commenced in May 2000 and is still in progress, the results presented herein are those obtained through March 2003. This program is among the various regional initiatives that began following the formation of the Mediterranean Shark Research Croup (MSRG), of which both authors are members. This study has been conducted primarily through periodic examination of the fish brought to Pescara Fish Market and by maintaining contacts with the veterinary staff and the fishermen working with that organization. Through these contacts many specimens observed by the Fish Market staff were added to those that were personally examined by one of the authors (C. C.). Additionally, we actively solicited the collaboration and participation of sport fishermen in the study area. Whenever possible, the following data were collected for each specimen: species, size, sex, location and date of capture, in some cases, it was also possible to collect photographic or filmed evidence of the specimens. Other additional data, such as weight of the specimen and distance from the coast, were only rarely collected.
The size of each shark was recorded as total length (TOT) measured as a straight line extending from the tip of the snout to the tip of the upper lobe of caudal fin, with the caudal fin in the depressed position, which is also the maximum length (Compagno, 1984). The classification we followed is that of Compagno (1984).
RESULTS
During the study period we recorded 144 sharks, representing at least 11 species, 9 families and 4 orders. These were: order Hexanchiformes: bluntnose sixgill
shark, Hexanchus griseus (n=8) (family Hexanciiidae); order Squaliformes: gulper shark, Centrophorus sp. (n=1), piked dogfish, Squalus acanthias (n—35) (family Squalidae), angular roughshark, Oxynotus centrina (n=1) (family Oxynotidae); order Lamniformes: common thresher shark, Alopias vuipinus (n=1) (family Alopii-dae), basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus (n=3) (family Cetorhinidae), porbeagle, l.amna nasus (n-4) (family Lamnidae); order Carcharhiniformes: small-spotted cat-shark Scyliorhinus canicula (n-20), nursehound, Scylro-rhinus stellaris (n=1) (family Scyliorhinidae), barbeled houndshark, Leptocharias smithii (n=2)(family Lepto-chariidae) (but the species identification is not confirmed), smooth-hound, Mustelus sp. (n=4l) (family Tri-akidae) and blue shark, Prionace glauca (n-7)(family Carcharhinidae).
Capture locations were primarily in the waters off Pescara, some additional captures occurred in the waters of such nearby localities as Giulianova (35 km north of Pescara), Silvi Marina (10 km north of Pescara) and Ortona {16 km south of Pescara) (Fig. 1).
The data collected are presented in Tab. 1. For each specimen, the following data are reported: species, number of specimens (No.), capture date, capture location, sex (M or F), total length in cm, data source (when not directly collected by G. C.) and additional notes.
43°
Giulianova
Adriatic Sea
i ...
\silvi Marina ^Pescara
ITALY
Ortona
B RUZZI
ID km
Fig. 1: Area of Pescara, Italy, on the Western Adriatic Sea coast. (Drawing: A. De Maddalena). St I: Območje Pescare, Italija, na zahodni jadranski obali. (Risba: A. De Maddalena).
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Tab. 1: Sharks captures off Pescara (Italy, Western Adriatic Sea) recorded during the study period (May 2000 -March 2003).
Tab. J: Morski psi, ujeti v vodah blizu Pescare (Italija, zahodni lad ran) in zabeleženi v preučevanem obdobju (maj 2000 - marec 2003).
SPECIES	No.	DATE	I.OCA-TJON	SEX	TOTAL ! SOURCE LENGTH (cm) S		NOTES
Prion.ice glauca	1	May 2000	Pescara	-	275		Photographed.
Prionace glauca	2	Summer 2000	Pescara	-	ca. 200		Caupht by sport-fishermen.
Lamna nasus	1	Summer 2000	Pescara	-	<200		Caught by sport-fishermen.
Prionace "lauca	1	August 2000	Ortona	-	ISO		Photographed.
Oxynotus centrina	1	October 2000	Pescara	F	50-60	F. Lodi (pers. comm.)	Pregnant, carrying S embryos.
Cetorhinus máximas	1	fcnd of November 2000	Pescara	-	500	f. Lodi tpcrs. comm.!	Landed already cut in pieces.
Leptocharías smithii (?)	2	April 2.001	Pescara	-	ca. 100		Black-spotted coloration. The species identification is doubtful.
Lamna nasas	1	May8'" 2001	Pescara	M	ca. 150		Weight: 35 kg.
SQualus acanthias	1	May 200J	Pescara	F	ca. 70		
Alopias vulpinas	1	June 2001	Pescara	-	350	E. Ballone (pers. comm.)	
Scyhorhinüi sp.	20 ca.	July 200!	Pescara	M & F	-		
Cetorhinus maximus	1	November 2001	Pescara	-	500		Caught by fishing vessel "Nausicaa". Photographed.
Lamna nasos	1	December 2001	Pescara	F	ca. 250		Filmed. Total length estimated from the video.
Ceiorhínus maximus	1	December 20'" 2001	Pescara	-	700		Filmed (Fig. 2).
Mustelus sp.	1	Mid January 2002	Pescara	M	120		Black-spotted coloration. Photographed.
Hexanclws gríseas	1	January 22nii 2002	Pescara	F	350		Photographed (Fig. 3).
Hexanchas gríseas	1	January 22"" 2002	Pescara	M			
1 rtmna nasus	1	February-March 2002	Ciulianova	-	180	"Remo" (pers. comm.)	Caught by fisherman "Remo" .
Scyliorhiicanícula	20 ca.	18lh April 2002	Pescara	-	-		
Scyliorhinus sleüaris	1	23"* April 2002	Pescara		ca. 120		
Centrophorus Sp.	1	23rtl April 2002	Pescara		ca. 100		
Prionace glauca	1	11th July 2002	Pescara	-	ca. 350		Caught about 20 miles offshore. j Photographed (Fit;. 4}.
Pf/onace glauca	1	21" July 2002	Gi lili a nova	-	î5û	"Remo" ipers. comm.)	Caught by fisherman "Remo".
Prionace glauca	1	21" July 2002	Ciulianova		240		
Hexanchus gríseas	1	23"' AuE-ust 2002	Pescara		ca. 100		Weight: 60 kg.
Hexanchus griseus	1	25!fi September 2002	Pescara	-	ca. 1 70		
Mustelus sp.	8	yd October 2002	Pescara	F	100 to 120		Caught inshore.
He Kanchas ariseus	1	10'" October 2002	Pescara	F	ca. 450-500		
Muslelu s sp.	3	14"' November 2002	Pescara	?	ca. 100		
Hexanchus griseus	!	19lh November 2002	Pescaia		200		
Squülus acanthias	1	3'" December 2002	Pescara	F	ca. 100		
Mustelus sp.	!	3,cl December 2002	Pescara	F	50		
Squalus acantinas	1	9"' January 2003	Pescara	F	ca. 120		Caught about 10 mites offshore.
1Squalus acantinas	?	9'" January 2003	Pescara	-	-		Caught about 10 mties offshore.
Mustelus sp.	4	9"' January 2003	Pescara	-	-		Caught about 10 miies offshore-
¡Squalus acantinas	M	16"' January 2003	Pescara	-	-		CaitRht offshore.
¡Muste/u5 sp.	1	16,h January 2003	Pescara	F	120		Black-spotted coloration.
irtexanchus griseus	1	23,i( January 2003	Pescara	-	ca. 200		Landed already cut in pieces.
1 Hexanchus griseus	1	25"' February 2003	Pescara	-	ca. 200		Landed already cut in pieces.
i Mustelus sp	1	2fc'b February 2003	Pescara	-	ca. 1 SO		Weight: over 1 5 kg.
: Mustelus sp.	20	27lh February 2003	Pescara	-	ca. 50		Caupht Inshore.
¡Mustelus sp.	->	6'" March 2003	Pescara	-	ca. 120		........ .................... ...................................:
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Tab. 2: Additional shark captures recorded during the study for the species that hud occurred off Pescara, Giulianova and Silvi Marina in previous years.
Tab. 2: Moist/ psi, ki so se pojavljali v vodah v bližini Pese are, Giulianove in Silvi Marine v letih pred preučevanim obdobjem.
SPECIES	No.	DATE	LOCATION	SEX	TOTAL LENGTH (cms)	SOURCE	NOTES
Carcharodon carcharías	1	Around 1945	Pescara	-	ca. 600	V. Pomante (pers. comm.)	Caught by fisherman Vittorio Pomante.
Isurus oxyrinchus or Lamna nasus	3	1958	Pescara			V. Pomante (pers. comm.)	Caught within a week by fisherman Vittorio Pomante.
Alopias vulpinus	1	1987	Giulianova		600	"Remo" (pers. comm.)	Caught by fisherman "Reino".
Prionace glauca	1	1995	Giulianova	-	340	"Remo" (pers. comm.!	Caught by fisherman "Remo". '
Alopias vulpinus	1	1997	Silvi Marina		416		Caught by sporttisher-men. Photographed.
Prionace glauca	1	1999	Silvi Marina		270		Caught by sportfisher-men. Photographed.
Alopias vulpinus	!	Summer 1999	Pescara		ca.300		Caught by sportfisher-men.
Alopias vulpinus	1	2000	Silvi Marina		330		Caught by sportfisber-men. Photographed.
While we collected data on sharks captured during this study period, we also had the opportunity to gather information concerning some captures that had occurred in previous years in the waters off Pescara, Giu-lianova arid Silvi Marina. These captures included members of the following species: blue shark, Prionace glauca, common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinos, white shark, Carc.haiodon carcharías, as well as other lamnid sharks not clearly identified but possibly either shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus or porbeagle, Lamna nasus. These additional data are presented in Tab. 2.
DISCUSSION
The number of sharks captured off Pescara from May 2000 to March 2003 and the percentage of each species of the total shark captures are presented in Tab. 3.
The most abundant sharks in the area off Pescara are those of small and medium size: Mustelus sp. (28.47% of total captures), the catsharks (Scyliorhinus canícula, S. stellaris and S. sp., 20.47%) and Squalus acanthias (24.30%). Large sharks are less abundant: Hexanchus griseus (5.55%), Prionace glauca (4.86%), Lamna nasus (2.77%), Cetorhinus maximus (2.08%) (Fig. 2), Alopias vulpinus (0.69%). Our data suggest that the rarest species in the area are Oxynotus centrina (0.69%) and
Centrophorus sp. (0.69%). Two specimens were initially identified as Leptochanas smithii, but a subsequent inquiry suggests that the species identification is doubtful. Therefore, the presence of L smithii in the Adriatic Sea should be regarded as doubtful and requiring further investigation. We note that in this zone, as observed along other parts of the Italian coast (A. De Maddaiena, un-publ, data), H. griseus appears to be relatively abundant, despite the fact that it is a species of conspicuous size. The paucity of captures of P. glauca observed In this study may present cause for concern for this species, since it is usually considered to be the most, common large shark by far in the Western Adriatic. We also draw attention to the four captures of i. nasus. Recently, Marconi & De Maddaiena (2001) reported the capture of a young, 91 cm female porbeagle that occurred off San Benedetto del Tronto (60 km North of Pescara) in July 2001, while this study was being conducted. It is very interesting to note that all these captures occurred within a relatively small area, since the porbeagle has usually been described as particularly rare in the Adriatic Sea (Torf.onese, 1956; Paflaoro & Jardas, 1996; Soldo & Jardas, 2002; L. L.ipej, pers. comm.; A. Soldo, pers. comm.). It is evident that in this area L. i?asus is at present surely more common than previously believed.
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Fig. 2: Basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus (ca. 700 cm), caught off Pescara (Italy, Wesfern Adriatic Seaj on December 20,h 2001. (Photo reproduced by kind permission of M. Di Giovanni)
51. 2: Približno 700 cm dolg morski pes orjak Cetorlv-nus maximus, ujet nedaleč od I'escare (Italija, zahodni Jadran) 20. decembra 2001. (Fotografija s prijaznim dovoljenjem M. Di Giovannija)
Tub. 3: Number of shark specimens captured off Pescara (Italy, Western Adriatic Sea) recorded during the study period (May 2000 - March 2003), by species and percentage of total shark captures. Tab. 3: Število vrst morskih psov, ujetih v vodah blizu Pešcare (Italija, zahodni jadran) in zabeleženih med preučevanim obdobjem (maj 2000 - marec 2003) po vrstah in odstotkih njihovega skupnega ulova.
¡SPECIES	No.	%
Hexanchus griseus	8	5.55
Centrophorus sp.	1	0.69
Squalus acanthias	35	24.30
Oxynotus centrina	1	0.69
Aiopias vulpinus	1	0.69
Cetcrhinus maximus	3	2.08
t.amna nanus	4	2.77
Scyliorhinus canicula	20	13.89
Sc yliorh inus slellaris	1	0.69
Scyliorhinus sp.	20	13.89
Leptocharias smithii (?)	2	1.39
Musteius sp.	41	28.47
Pnonace glauca	7	4.86
The lengths of all specimens fell within the ranges previously described for these species. The female H. griseus caught on 10 October 2002 and measuring between 450 and 500 cm, is close to the maximum size reported in the literature for this species (at least 482 cm
-according to Compagno, 1984). We emphasize the fact that five of the recorded smooth-hound specimens exceeded 100-cm length and one measured approximately 1S0 cm. This further confirms thai large smooth-hounds are not uncommon in the Adriatic Sea; the largest Mustelus musteius (165 cm total length) recorded from the entire Mediterranean Sea was captured in the Adriatic (De Maddalena ei a!., 2001a}. Also of interest is the capture of a 600-cm Aiopias vulpinus that occurred off Giulianova in 1987. Compagno (1984) reported a maximum length for this species of at least 549 cm and possibly as much as 610 cm. Unfortunately in our case, the reported length was only an approximate one and the lack of photographic evidence does not allow us
Fig. 3: A female bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus (350 cm in length), caught off Peseara (Italy, Western Adriatic Sea) on January 22nd 2002. (Photo: G. Cugini)
SI. 3: 350 cm dolga samica šesteroškrgarja Hexanchus griseus, ujeta pri Pescari (Italija, zahodni Jadran) 22. januarja 2002. (Foto: G. Cugini)
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to report a conclusive size. The capture of a 600 cm Carcharodon carcharias that occurred sometime in 1945 off Pescara, is also of interest; this species reaches at least 640-660 cm TOT and very probably even more (De Macldalena el al., 2001a). However, as in many other cases of white shark specimens reported to be of very large size, the reported length is approximate, and the lack of photographic evidence precludes reporting a definite length. Two large Prionace glauca, one measuring 340 cm and the other approximately 350 cm (they were caught in 1995 and on 11 July 2002 respectively and both documented by photographic evidence), also merit mention (Fig. 4). finally we note the large approximately 120 cm female Squalus acanthias caught on 9 January 2003.
Two of the smooth-hounds, Mustelus sp. (one caught in mid-January 2002 and another on 16 January 2003) exhibited a black-spotted coloration that, according to Compagno (1984), is typical of the blackspotted smooth-hound, Mustelus punctulalus. However, according to more recent observations, M. punc.tulatus may not be acceptable as a recognized species, since there is not sufficient morphological difference between it and the other smooth-hound species present in the Mediterranean area (J. Barrull & I. Mate, pers. comm.; Barrull & Mate, 2002). Moreover, Tortonese (1956) reported that
Fig. 4: Head of a ca. 350 cm blue shark, Prionace glauca, caught off Pescara (Italy, Western Adriatic Sea) on 11 July 2002. (Photo: G. Cagini) Sf. 4: Glava kakih 350 cm dolgega sinjega morskega psa Prionace glauca, ujetega v bližini Pescare (Italija, zahodni jadrati) 11. julija 2002. (Foto: G. Cugini)
individuals of M. mustelus sometimes also exhibit a black-spotted coloration, 'the collected documentation does not provide conclusive evidence to identify the recorded specimens as either M. mustelus or M. punctu-latus. In order to definitely establish or refute the validity of M. punctulatus as a species, one of the authors (A. D.) is currently conducting an extensive collection of mor-phomeiric data from Muste/us specimens caught in the Mediterranean Sea.
in Italy, shark meat is consumed in all parts of the country; moreover, Italy is the world's leading importer of sharks, according to I AO statistics (Vannuccini, 1999). !n Pescara, as has been reported for other Italian regions (Vannuccini, 1999; De Maddalena & Piscitelii, 2001), the meat of most sharks is marketed and sold under incorrect names. Thus, not just Musie/us sp., but also Lamna nasus, Alopias vulpinus, Prionace glauca, Hexanchus griseus and maybe Leptocharias smithii are usually sold as "paiombo" (smooth-hound). Exceptions to this practice are Squalus acanthias and Scyliorhinus sp., which are usually sold under their correct common names of "spinaroio" (piked dogfish) and "gattuccio" (cats hark).
CONCLUSIONS
The study of sharks from commercial fisheries and, secondarily, from sportfisheries permits monitoring of the state of local shark populations. The continuous long-term analysis we have conducted provides information on occurrence, relative abundance and fisheries status of some shark species occurring in the study area. The study we present here has been conducted in a relatively simple manner; consequently the results show some incompleteness and approximations. One reason for this is the fact that all of the work for this project has been accomplished through the present time without any support from public or private institutions.
Sharks are being overfished in many parts of the world. As bony fish fisheries have been depleted, fishermen have compensated increasing shark captures. An estimated 50% of the world shark catch is believed to be taken as bycatch, caught accidentally while fishing for other commercial species such as tuna and sword-fish. The reproductive biology of sharks (long sexual maturation times, low fecundity, long gestation periods and relatively small litter size) makes them extremely vulnerable to such pressure. Thus, shark stocks are unable to withstand protracted periods of overexploitatlon.
The apparent decline of shark numbers warrants an urgent investigation into the status of the species involved. Effective conservation and management of shark fisheries is based on research upon the biology, ecology, distribution, abundance and exploitation of sharks. Shark research is often neglected in favour of study of the more commercially important bony fishes despite
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the fact that sharks play an important role in marine ecosystems. There is a critical need for biological information on the life history of many shark species in order to better assess stock status and harvest impact. It is also necessary to better manage fisheries in which sharks constitute a significant bycatch {Rose, 1996; Vannuc-cini, 1999; Watts, 2001). Lack of research and management in many countries, such as is sadly the case in Italy, may lead to the extinction of many shark species. At least 41 species of sharks occur in Italian waters, but there is evidence that many of these have strongly declined during the twentieth century (A. De Maddalena, unpub. data). Among these we can cite the sandtiger shark, Carcharías faun is, srnalltooth sandtiger, Odonta-spis ferox, white shark, Carcharodon carcharías, shortfin mako, tsurus oxyrinchus, porbeagle, Lamna nasus, tope shark, Gaieorhinus galeas, sandbar shark, Carcharhinus
plumbeus, blue shark, Prionace glauca, smooth hammerhead, Sphyrna zygaena, bramble shark, Echinorhi-rtus brucus and angular roughshark, Oxynotus centrina.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Very special thanks to all the people that offered their help in collecting data, photographs and general information for this work: Fabrizio Lodi, Vincenzo OSivieri, Eugenio 13 a I (one, Vittorio Pomante, Manuccio Di Giovanni, Giovanni di Giorgio, Gabriele Romano, "Remo", Alen Soldo, Lovrenc Lipej, Joan Barrull and Isabel Mate. Special thanks to John G. New, who kindly edited the English text of this work. We also thank the referees for their helpful comments. A particular thanks from Aiessandro De Maddalena goes to his wife Alessandra.
MORSKI PSI, UJETI V BLIŽINI PESCARE (ITALIJA, ZAHODNI JADRAN)
Gianiuca CUGINI 1-65127 Pescara. via Italica 42 I!-mail: gianiucacugini@hoimail.com
Aiessandro DE MADDALENA liaiian Great White Shark Dafa Bank. 1-20145 Milana, via L. Ariosto 4
POVZETEK
Avtorja predstavljata rezultate študije morskih psov, ujetih v vodah nedaleč od Pešca re (Italija, zahodni Jadran) med majem 2000 in marcem 2003- Ujetih je bilo 144 morskih psov najmanj 11 različnih vrst: navadnih morskih psov (Mustelus sp. in morda l.eptocharias smithii, 29,86% celotnega ulova), morskih mačk (Scyliorhinus canicula, S. steliaris in S- sp., 28,47%), Squall« acanthias (24,30%), Hexanchus griseus (5,55%), Prionace glauca (4,86%), Lamna nasus (2,77%), Cetorhinus maximus (2,08%), Alopias vulpinus (0,69%), Oxynotus centrina (0,69%) in Cen-trophorus sp. (0,69%). Avtorja sta hkrati dobiia priložnost zbrati nekaj informacij glede ulova vrst P. glauca, A. vulpinus, Carcharodon carcharias in nekaterih neidentificiranih lamnidov, ki so se v teh vodah pojavljali v prejšnjih letih. Vse kaže, da je morski pes šesteroškrgar tu razmeroma številčen, medtem ko je skušolovec pogostejši, kot so sprva domnevali. Po drugi strani pa je maloštevilnost ujetih sinji morskih psov vsekakor razlog za zaskrbljenost.
Ključne besede: morski psi, ribištvo, Italija, Jadransko morje, Sredozemsko morje
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Gianhica CIJGINS ¿Alessainlro DE MADDALENA: SHARES CAP I'll fitD OFF PCSCARA If'l ALV, WESTfRN ADRIATIC SFA>. 201-308
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