STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA 1944 2004 ISSN 0352-0226 ISBN 961-239-051-7 POPIS INTENZIVNIH SADOVNJAKOV IN OLJČNIKOV, SLOVENIJA, 2002 CENSUS OF FRUIT AND OLIVE PLANTATIONS, SLOVENIA, 2002 št./No S©1F Ljubljana, 2004 AVTORICI / AUTHORS: Barbara Kutin, Jožica - Joja Krznar CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 311.2:634(497.4)"2002" KUTIN, Barbara Popis intenzivnih sadovnjakov in oljčnikov, Slovenija, 2002 = Census of fruit and olive plantations, Slovenia 2002 / [avtorici Barbara Kutin, Jožica - Joja Krznar]. - Ljubljana : Statistični urad Republike Slovenije = Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2004. - (Rezultati raziskovanj / Statistični urad Republike Slovenije = Results of surveys / Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, ISSN 0352-0226 ; št. 807. 15, Kmetijstvo in ribištvo = Agriculture and fishing) ISBN 961-239-051-7 1. Gl. stv. nasl. 2. Krznar, Jožica 214007040 Izdal, založil in tiskal Statistični urad Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana, Vožarski pot 12 - Uporaba in objava podatkov dovoljena le z navedbo vira - Odgovarja generalna direktorica mag. Irena Križman - Urednica Avguština Kuhar De Domizio - Slovensko besedilo jezikovno uredila Ivanka Zobec - Angleško besedilo jezikovno uredil Boris Panič - Tehnični urednik in oblikovalec naslovnice Anton Rojc - Računalniški oblikovanje Marta Šeme - Tiskano v 170 izvodih - Informacije posreduje Informacijsko središče, tel: (01) 241 51 04 - Avtomatski telefonski odzivnik (01) 475 65 55 - El. pošta: info.stat@gov.si - Internet: www.stat.si. Prepared, published and printed by Statistical Office of Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Vožarski pot 12 - Use and publication of data is allowed provided the source is acknowledged - Director-General Irena Križman - Editor Avguština Kuhar De Domizio - Slovenian Language Editor Ivanka Zobec - English Language Editor Boris Panič -Technical Editor and front cover design Anton Rojc - Computer leyout design Marta Šeme - Total print run 170 copies - Information is given by the Information Centre, telephone: +386 1 241 51 04 - Answering machine +386 1 241 51 04 - E-mail: info.stat@gov.si- Internet: www.stat.si. PREDGOVOR Rezultati raziskovanj (RR) so ena izmed temeljnih knjižnih zbirk Statističnega urada Republike Slovenije; v njej izhajajo tekoče oštevilčeni zvezki, v katerih so celovito prikazani rezultati posameznega statističnega raziskovanja ali skupine sorodnih raziskovanj. Ta zvezek RR spada v področje kmetijstva. Vsebuje pregled najpomembnejših rezultatov popisa intenzivnih nasadov v Republiki Sloveniji v letu 2002. V to raziskovanje so bili zajeti vsi pridelovalci sadja in oljk, ki te kulture pridelujejo v intenzivnih nasadih. Tudi tokrat - kot v vseh številkah doslej - na začetku pojasnjujemo metodologijo raziskovanja (namen raziskovanja, način zbiranja podatkov, merila za določitev enot opazovanja, viri podatkov, definicije) in rezultate na kratko komentiramo. Osrednji del vsake številke sta grafični in tabelarni pregled rezultatov; grafi in tabele vsebujejo podatke o pridelovalcih, nasadih in sadnih vrstah ter tehnologiji pridelave. Na koncu je kot priloga dodan vzorec popisnega vprašalnika. Po statistični zakonodaji Evropske unije se popis intenzivnih sadovnjakov in oljčnikov izvaja vsakih pet let. V Sloveniji je bil podoben popis prvič izveden leta 1997, vendar vsi zbrani podatki niso bili obdelani. Leta 2002 smo popis intenzivnih nasadov izvedli drugič. Naslednji tak popis pa bo predvidoma v letu 2007. Tu objavljeni podatki prikazujejo stanje na področju pridelave sadja in oljk v intenzivnih nasadih ob popisu in so hkrati osnova za nadaljnje letno statistično spremljanje te dejavnosti in zagotavljanje podatkov o njej za potrebe naše države in Evropske unije. Nekateri podatki o intenzivnih nasadih za leto 2002 so objavljeni tudi v posebnem poglavju Statističnega letopisa Republike Slovenije in v Statističnih informacijah, in sicer v podzbirki Kmetijstvo in ribištvo. Pri pripravi in izvedbi popisa intenzivnih nasadov so poleg delavcev Statističnega urada RS sodelovali tudi zunanji strokovni sodelavci. Vsem iskrena hvala. PREFACE Results of Surveys is one of the basic publications issued by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, which comprehensively presents the results of individual statistical surveys or a group of related surveys. The new issue concerns the area of agriculture and brings an overview of the most important results of the 2002 Census of Fruit and Olive Plantations in the Republic of Slovenia. The census covered all producers having fruit and olive plantations. As all other issues, it starts with methodological explanations of the survey (purpose, method of data collection, observation units, data sources, definitions) and a brief comment of the results. The central part presents the results in charts and tables including data on the producers, plantations, fruit species and production technology. The last thing in the publication is an example of the form which was used to collect the data. According to the EU statistical legislation, censuses of fruit and olive plantations must be implemented every five years. The first such census in Slovenia was carried out in 1997, but not all data were processed. The 2002 census is the second one and the next one will take place in 2007. Data published in this issue of Results of Surveys present the situation regarding production of fruit and olives in plantations and are the basis for further annual statistical monitoring of this activity and providing data on it for national and EU needs. Some data on plantations for 2002 were published in a special chapter of the Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia and in Rapid Reports - Agriculture and Fishing. In addition to employees of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, the census was carried out by experts from other institutions. We would like to thank them all. V^Žia^OAO Mag. Irena Križman generalna direktorica Director-General STATISTIČNA ZNAMENJA - ni pojava ... ni podatka 0 podatek je manjši od 0,5 dane merske enote 0,0 podatek je manjši od 0,05 dane merske enote + in več (let, članov,...) 1 ) označba za opombo pod tabelo ( ) nezadostno preverjen ali ocenjen podatek z podatek zaradi zaupnosti ni objavljen KRAJŠAVE IN KRATICE t tona ha hektar a ar STATISTICAL SIGNS - no occurrence of event data not available 0 value not zero but less than 0,5 of the unit employed 0,0 value not zero but less than 0,05 of the unit employed + and more (years, members,... ) 1) footnote ( ) incomplete or estimated data z data not published because of confidentiality SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS t ton ha hectare a are VSEBINA CONTENTS UVOD ..................................................... INTRODUCTION Zbiranje podatkov v preteklih letih........... Collecting data in the past METODOLOŠKA POJASNILA............... METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS Namen statističnega raziskovanja.... The purpose of the statistical survey Enote opazovanja............................. Observation units Viri podatkov........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Data sources Izvedba popisa..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Census implementation Definicije in pojasnila........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Definitions and explanations KOMENTAR.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 COMMENT Pridelovalci in bruto površina intenzivnih nasadov.............................................................................................................................................. 10 Producers and gross area of plantations Izobrazba nosilcev pridelave in način pridelovanja............................................................................................................................................ 10 Qualification of producers and the method of production SEZNAM TABEL LIST OF TABLES 1. Pridelovalci, število dreves ali grmov ter bruto in neto površina po sadnih vrstah, Slovenija, 2002 ................................................................... 11 Poducers, number of trees or shrubs and gross and net area by fruit species, Slovenia, 2002 2. Pridelovalci, število nasadov in bruto površina po velikostnih razredih bruto površine intenzivnih nasadov, Slovenija, 2002........................... 11 Producers, plantations and gross area by size classes of gross area of plantations, Slovenia, 2002 3. Sortni pregled nekaterih pomembnejših sadnih vrst in oljk; Slovenija, 1997 in 2002.......................................................................................... 12 Varieties review of some important fruit species and olives, Slovenia, 1997 and 2002 4. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov jablan in hrušk po starosti dreves, Slovenija, 2002................................................................................. 13 Producers and net area of apple and pear trees by size classes of tree-age, Slovenia, 2002 5. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov breskev, nektarin in marelic po starosti dreves, Slovenija, 2002............................................................ 13 Producers and net area of peaches, nectarines and apricots trees by size classes of tree-age, Slovenia, 2002 6. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov jablan in hrušk po gostoti sajenja dreves, Slovenija, 2002..................................................................... 13 Producers and net area of apple and pear trees by size classes of density of plantation, Slovenia, 2002 7. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov breskev, nektarin in marelic po gostoti sajenja dreves, Slovenija, 2002 ................................................ 13 Producers and net area of peaches, nectarines and apricots trees by size classes of density of plantation, Slovenia, 2002 8. Namakane površine intenzivnih sadovnjakov in oljčnikov po nekaterih sadnih vrstah, Slovenija, 2002............................................................. 14 Irrigated areas of fruit and olive plantations by some fruit spacies, Slovenia, 2002 9. Uporaba protislanske zaščite pri nekaterih sadnih vrstah, Slovenija, 2002 ........................................................................................................ 15 Use of frost protection in some fruit species, Slovenia, 2002 10. Izobrazba nosilca pridelave, Slovenija, 2002 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 Qualification of producers, Slovenia, 2002 11. Način pridelave v intenzivnih sadovnjakih in oljčnikih, Slovenija, 2002............................................................................................................... 16 Fruit and olive plant and olive plant of production, Slovenia, 2002 12. Pridelovalci, število intenzivnih nasadov ter bruto površina sadnega drevja, jagodičja in oljk po upravnih enotah, Slovenija, 2002................. 17 Producers, number and gross area of fruit, berry and olive plantations by administrative units, Slovenia, 2002 SEZNAM GRAFOV LIST OF CHARTS Graf 1: Dosežena kmetijska izobrazba nosilca pridelave, Slovenija, 2002 .............................................................................................................. 10 Chart 1 : Agricultural qualification of producers, Slovenia, 2002 Graf 2: Dosežena splošna izobrazba nosilca pridelave, Slovenija, 2002................................................................................................................. 10 Chart 2: General qualification of producers, Slovenia, 2002 Graf 3: Pridelovalci, število nasadov in bruto površina po velikostnih razredih bruto površin intenzivnih nasadov, Slovenija, 2002 ...................... 12 Chart 3: Producers, plantations and gross area by size classes of gross area of plantations, Slovenia, 2002 Graf 4: Neto površina intenzivnih sadovnjakov, oljčnikov in nasadov jagodičja (brez jagod) glede na namakanje v ha, Slovenija, 2002 .............. 14 Chart 4: Irrigated and non-irrigated net area of fruit, olive and berry plantations (excluding strawberries) in hectares, Slovenia, 2002 Graf 5: Delež namakanih površin po sadnih vrstah glede na skupno namakano površino intenzivnih sadovnjakov in oljčnikov, Sloveija, 2002... 14 Chart 5: Share of irrigated areas by fruit species and total irrigated area of fruit and olive plantations, Slovenia, 2002 Graf 6: Delež površin zaščitenih s protislansko zaščito, Slovenija, 2002................................................................................................................. 15 Chart 6: Share of area protected by frost protection, Slovenia, 2002 Graf 7: Način pridelave v intenzivnih sadovnjakih in oljčnikih, Slovenija, 2002........................................................................................................ 16 Chart 7: Fruit and olive plantations by method of production, Slovenia, 2002 VPRAŠALNIK (samo v slovenščini) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18 QUESTIONNAIRE (Slovene only) UVOD Zbiranje podatkov v preteklih letih Podatke o pridelavi sadja smo do leta 1999 (vključno) pridobivali s pomočjo ocen cenilcev. Slovenija je bila razdeljena na 307 cenilnih okolišev; ti so obsegali povprečno 2 700 ha kmetijskih zemljišč. Cenilec je s pomočjo podatkov zemljiškega katastra in na podlagi svojega poznavanja stanja na terenu ocenil površino in povprečne pridelke. Ocene cenilcev so se nanašale na vse pridelovalce, ki so imeli v uporabi kmetijsko zemljo. V letu 1997 je SURS v sodelovanju z Upravo Republike Slovenije za pospeševanje kmetijstva prvič popisal intenzivne sadovnjake po priporočilih Statističnega urada evropskih skupnosti - Eurostata. V letu 2002 so bili po poenoteni metodologiji popisani drugič in v tej publikaciji objavljamo rezultate tega popisa. METODOLOŠKA POJASNILA Namen statističnega raziskovanja S popisom intenzivnih nasadov smo zbrali naslednje podatke: 1. o pridelovalcih sadja, oljk in jagodičja (razen jagod); - o izobrazbi pridelovalcev; - o načinu pridelave sadja; 2. o intenzivnih nasadih sadnega drevja, oljk in jagodičja (razen jagod), in sicer o - lokaciji (parceli in katastrski občini). - bruto površini, - sadni vrsti in sorti, - podlagi, - starosti (leto sajenja), - številu dreves, - sadilnih razdaljah, - tehnoloških značilnostih (gojitveni obliki, načinu pridelave, tipu nasada, namakanju, zaščiti proti toči, protislanski zaščiti). Popis intenzivnih nasadov sodi v okvir prilagajanja evropski statistiki, natančne in zanesljive podatke s tega področja pa potrebuje predvsem tudi naša država - kot osnovo za načrtovanje in vodenje kmetijske politike za področje sadjarstva. V državah članicah se ti podatki po priporočilih Eurostata zbirajo vsakih pet let. Tudi pri nas smo podobne podatke že zbrali s popisom intenzivnih sadovnjakov v letu 1997. Tudi podatki, zbrani s popisom intenzivnih nasadov 2002, bodo osnova za nadaljnje letno statistično spremljanje te kmetijske dejavnosti in za zagotavljanje podatkov o njej za potrebe naše države in Evropske skupnosti. Enote opazovanja so bili pridelovalci sadja, oljk ali jagodičja (v nadaljevanju pridelovalci), ki so imeli v Republiki Sloveniji v letu 2002 v uporabi intenzivni nasad sadnega drevja (sadovnjak), oljk (oljčnik) ali ekstenzivni nasad oljk ali intenzivni nasad jagodičja (brez jagod), in sicer najmanj • 0,1 ha (10 arov) intenzivnega nasada sadnega drevja / oljčnika ali • najmanj 20 oljk v ekstenzivne oljčniku ali • 0,05 ha (5 arov) jagodičja (razen jagod) INTRODUCTION Collecting data in the past Until 1999 data on fruit production were collected with the help of expert estimates. Slovenia was divided into 307 estimation districts with 2,700 hectares of agricultural area on average. With the help of the land register and based on their knowledge of the situation, the experts estimated the area and average yield. Estimates referred to all producers using agricultural land. In 1997 the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia in co-operation with the Agricultural Extension Service of the Republic of Slovenia took the first census of plantations according to recommendations of the Statistical Office of the European Communities -Eurostat. In 2002 plantations were surveyed for the second time and this publication brings results of this census. METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS The purpose of the statistical survey With the Census of Fruit and Olive Plantations we collected the following data: 1. on producers of fruit, olives and berries (excluding strawberries); - qualification of producers, - method of producing fruit; 2. on plantations of fruit trees, olives and berries (excluding strawberries); - location (plot and cadastral community), - gross area, - fruit species and variety, - rootstock, - age (year of planting), - number of trees, - planting distance, - technological characteristics (training system, production method, type of plantation, irrigation, hail protection, frost protection). The Census of Fruit and Olive Plantations is part of our harmonisation with the European statistics. Accurate and reliable data are needed by our country as the basis for planning and policy-making in the field of fruit growing. According to Eurostat recommendations, in EU Member States these data are collected every five years. In Slovenia similar data were collected with the 1997 Census of Orchard Plantations. Data collected with the Census of Fruit and Olive Plantations will serve as the basis for further annual statistical monitoring of this agricultural activity and for providing these data for the needs of Slovenia and the European Union. Observation units were producers of fruit, olives and berries (hereinafter producers) in Slovenia that in 2002 were using intensive fruit plantations, intensive olive plantations or extensive plantations of olives or intensive berries plantations (excluding strawberries), i.e. they had at least: • 0.1 hectare of intensive fruit or olive plantation or • 20 olive trees in extensive olive plantation or • 0.05 hectare of berries (excluding strawberries). Popisani niso bili tisti intenzivni nasadi, • ki so bili v krčenju ali obnovi; • ki še niso bili posajeni, čeprav je zanje bila zbrana že vsa dokumentacija; • ki še niso bili cepljeni, tudi če je podlaga že bila posajena. Viri podatkov Seznam pridelovalcev z intenzivnimi nasadi sadja, oljk ali jagodičja (brez jagod) smo pripravili na podlagi že obstoječih virov, in sicer - Popisa intenzivnih sadovnjakov v letu 1997 in - Popisa kmetijskih gospodarstev v juniju 2000. Popisani so bili tudi vsi tisti pridelovalci sadja, o katerih je popisovalec med popisovanjem na terenu, ki mu je bil dodeljen za popis, ugotovil, da uporabljajo sadovnjake ali oljčnike, ki ustrezajo merilom tega popisa, vendar doslej iz katerega koli razloga niso bili uvrščeni v seznam intenzivnih pridelovalcev sadja. Izvedba popisa Podatke so zbrali popisovalci. Strokovni usklajevalci (inštruktorji) so bili kmetijski svetovalci (specialisti za sadjarstvo) kmetijsko-gozdarskih zavodov Kmetijsko-gozdarske zbornice RS. Popisovali so terenski kmetijski svetovalci kmetijsko-gozdarskih zavodov in popisovalci, izbrani med tistimi, ki so se že izkazali v prejšnjih popisih. Popis je potekal na celotnem območju Republike Slovenije v oktobru 2002. Kritični datum (obdobje), to je datum (obdobje), na katerega se nanašajo popisni podatki: - za podatke o pridelovalcu in intenzivnem nasadu: 1. junij 2002; Definicije in pojasnila Bruto površina je vsa površina z vsemi pomožnimi zemljišči, kot so obračališče, pot, nasip in drugo. Ekološko pridelovanje je pridelovanje, pri katerem ne uporabljamo mineralnih gnojil in pripravkov za varstvo rastlin, razen tistih, ki jih dovoljujejo smernice za biološko pridelovanje v Evropski uniji. Za varstvo rastlin se uporabljajo naravni pripravki. Cilj takega pridelovanja je izboljšati kakovost pridelkov in zmanjšati onesnaževanje okolja. Pridelovalec mora že imeti certifikat za biološko pridelavo vrtnin. Integrirano pridelovanje je usmerjeno v zmanjšanje uporabe mineralnih gnojil in pripravkov za varstvo rastlin. Za zatiranje škodljivcev se odločimo šele, ko število osebkov prestopi prag gospodarske škode. Tako zmanjšamo izdatke pri pridelovanju, zmanjšujemo onesnaževanje okolja in ohranjamo rodovitnost tal, pridelki pa vsebujejo manj ostankov pripravkov za varstvo rastlin. Intenzivni nasad je nasad sadnega drevja, oljk ali jagodičja (npr. borovnic, malin, ribeza) razen jagod, namenjen pretežno za prodajo. Urejen je tako, da se v njem lahko uporablja sodobna kmetijska tehnika in ga je mogoče mehanizirano obdelovati in negovati. Konvencionalni način pridelovanja pomeni intenzivno pridelovanje rastlin. Cilj takega pridelovanja je, v najkrajšem času pridelati velik in na pogled lep pridelek. Rastline primerno gnojimo z mineralnimi gnojili in redno uporabljamo pripravke za varstvo pred pleveli, boleznimi in škodljivci. Leto prve vegetacije pomeni koledarsko leto, v katerem je rastlina prvič zelena. We did not take into account plantations that were: • being grubbed-up or re-established, • not yet planted (even though all documents had already been collected for them), • not yet grafted, but the rootstock had already been planted. Data sources The list of producers with plantations of fruit, olives or berries (excluding strawberries) was prepared on the basis of the existing sources: - Census of Orchard Plantations in 1997 and - Agricultural Census in June 2000. Also included were fruit producers for whom the interviewers found out during the fieldwork that they are using fruit or olive plantations meeting the criteria of the census but have for whatever reason not been included in the list of fruit producers. Census implementation Data were collected by interviewers. Their work was supervised by agricultural experts (fruit specialists) of agricultural and forestry centres of the Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry. Interviewers were field agricultural experts of agricultural and forestry centres and interviewers selected among those who have proven themselves in previous censuses. The cesus was taken on the whole territory of the Republic of Slovenia in October 2002. Reference date (period), i.e. the date (period) the census data refer to: - for data on producers and plantations: 1 June 2002 Definitions and explanations Gross area is total area with all auxiliary land such as turning areas, pathways, embankments, etc. Ecological production is production where no mineral fertilisers or plant protection agents are used, except for those allowed in the EU guidelines on biological production. Natural preparations are used for the protection of plants. The objective of such production is to increase the quality of produce and decrease pollution. The producer has to have a certificate for biological production of horticulture produce. Integrated production is directed into decreasing the use of mineral fertilisers and agents for the protection of plants. Pest control is used only when the number of pests is so high that economic damage is caused. Consequently production costs are lower, it is less harmful to the environment and soil fertility is preserved and the produce contain less remains of plant protection agents. Intensive plantation is plantation of fruit trees, olives or berries (blueberries, raspberries, currants), except strawberries, intended mostly for sale. It is arranged so that modern agricultural machinery can be used in it and that it can be mechanically cultivated and nursed. Conventional way of production means intensive production of plants. The objective of such production is to produce big and visually attractive produce in the shortest possible time. Mineral fertilisers as well as agents for the protection against weeds, diseases and pests are used regularly. Year of first vegetation is the calendar year in which plants were green for the first time. Naprava novega sadovnjaka pomeni na novo nasaditi sadna drevesa ali sadike jagodičja na zemljišču, kjer sadovnjaka doslej ni bilo. Neto površina je zemljišče, namenjeno za pridelavo sadja, brez pomožnih zemljišč. Obnova sadovnjaka pomeni na novo nasaditi sadna drevesa ali sadike jagodičja na zemljišču, kjer je že bil sadovnjak. Podlaga je koreninski del sadnega drevja, na katero cepimo določeno sorto. Sadna vrsta je skupina sadnih rastlin, ki imajo skupne lastnosti in se med seboj razmnožujejo, razlikujejo pa se po času zorenja, sestavinah, uporabnosti in obstojnosti. V slovenskih intenzivnih nasadih uspevajo naslednja sadna drevesa: jablana, hruška, sliva in češplja, breskev in nektarina, marelica, češnja, višnja, kutina, oljka, kaki, figa, aktinidija, oreh, mandelj, leska, kostanj maroni. V naših intenzivnih nasadih jagodičja pa uspevajo borovnica, ribez (rdeči in črni), malina, robida, kosmulja, bezeg in druge. Sadno sorto predstavljajo rastline iste vrste, ki se v določenih lastnostih razlikujejo od drugih rastlin iste vrste. Introduction of a new plantation means to plant fruit trees or berries in areas where such plantation had not existed. Net area is land intended for fruit production, excluding auxiliary land. Restoration of a plantation means to replant fruit trees or berries on land where a plantation had already existed. Rootstock is the root part of fruit trees to which a certain fruit species is grafted. Fruit species is a group of fruit plants that have common characteristics and can mutually reproduce. They differ in terms of ripening time, ingredients, applicability and durability. In intensive fruit plantations in Slovenia the following fruit tress are grown: apples, pears, plums, peaches and nectarines, apricots, cherries, sour cherries, quince, olives, kakis, figs, kiwis, walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts and chestnuts. In intensive plantations of berries blueberries, currants (red and black), raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, elders and other species flourish. Fruit variety is represented by plants of the same species that in some characteristics differ from other plants of the same species. KOMENTAR Pridelovalci in bruto površina intenzivnih nasadov V letu 2002 se je s pridelavo sadja in oljk v intenzivnih nasadih ukvarjalo 3 639 pridelovalcev na 5 229,5 ha površin, namenjenih intenzivnim nasadom. Na enega pridelovalca sadja in oljk tako povprečno pride 1,5 ha bruto površine intenzivnega nasada (tabela 1). 32 % pridelovalcev izmed vseh je imelo tudi intenzivne nasade jablan, jabolka pa so pridelovali na 60 % vseh bruto površin intenzivnih nasadov. Med vsemi pridelovalci je bilo kar 45 %%> takih, ki so imeli tudi nasade oljk, vendar so ti obsegali le 15 % vseh bruto površin intenzivnih nasadov. Daleč največje površine so bile nasajene z jablanami (3099 ha), sledile so površine z oljkami (781 ha), breskvami (594 ha) in hruškami (284 ha). Češnje so gojili na 107 ha, vse ostale sadne vrste pa na skupno 365 ha. Po dobljenih podatkih je bila bruto površina intenzivnih nasadov za 24 % večja od izračunane neto površine. Največ pridelovalcev je pridelovalo sadje in oljke v nasadih, ki so obsegali manj kot 1 ha (graf 3). Največ intenzivnih nasadov sadnega drevja, oljk in jagodičja (razen jagod) je na območju upravnih enot Nova Gorica, Koper, Krško, Piran, Maribor, Brežice, Ormož, Lenart, Pesnica, Izola, Murska Sobota in Slovenska Bistrica. Izobrazba nosilcev pridelave in način pridelovanja Splošna izobrazba nosilcev pridelave je nekoliko višja od njihove strokovne (kmetijske) izobrazbe. Večina nosilcev pridelave ima poklicno ali srednjo izobrazbo (57 %%>). Strokovna izobrazba nosilcev pridelave v sadjarstvu je nižja. Kar 84 % nosilcev pridelave je brez ustrezne kmetijske izobrazbe (graf 1). V letu 2002 je bila večina, 70 %, sadja in oljk v intenzivnih nasadih pridelana na integrirani način, 28 % omenjenih kultur pa je bilo pridelanih konvencionalno. COMMENT Producers and gross area of plantations In 2002, 3,639 producers were producing fruit and olives on 5,229.5 hectares of area intended for plantations, which is 1.5 hectares of gross area of plantation per fruit and/or olive producer (Table 1). 32% of producers had apple plantations and apples were produced on 60% of total gross area of plantations. Of all producers, 45% also had olive plantations; however these plantations represent only 15% of total gross area of plantations in Slovenia. By far the greatest area was planted with apples (3,099 ha), followed by olives (781 ha), peaches (594 ha) and pears (284 ha). Cherries were grown on 107 hectares and all other fruit species on 365 hectares. According to collected data, gross area of plantations was 24% bigger than the calculated net area. Most producers were producing fruit and olives in plantations smaller than 1 hectare (Chart 3). Most plantations of fruit trees, olives and berries (excluding strawberries) were located in administrative units Nova Gorica, Koper, Krško, Piran, Maribor, Brežice, Ormož, Lenart, Pesnica, Izola, Murska Sobota and Slovenska Bistrica. Qualification of producers and the method of production General qualification of producers is slightly higher than their professional (agricultural) qualification. Most producers have vocational or upper secondary education (57%). Professional qualification of fruit producers is lower. As much as 84% of producers do not have proper agricultural qualification (Chart 1). In 2002 most (70%) fruit and olives in plantations were produced according to the integrated production system and 28% were produced according to the conventional way of production. Graf 1: Dosežena kmetijska izobrazba nosilca pridelave, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 1: Agricultural qualification of producers, Slovenia, 2002 Dosežena kmetijska izobrazba Agricultural qualification 56,3 1,8 % 3,1 % 6,2 % 5,2 % I I samo praktične izkušnje / practical experience I I tečaji iz kmetijstva / agricultural courses I I poklicna dve ali triletna / vocational (two-year or three-year) I I srednja / upper secondary I I višja ali visoka strokovna / post secondary or higher professional univerzitetna ali podiplomska / university or post-graduate 27,3 % Graf 2: Dosežena splošna izobrazba nosilca pridelave, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 2: General qualification of producers, Slovenia, 2002 Dosežena splošna izobrazba general qualification 21,9 % 28,1 6,1 % 5,4 % 9,7 % I I brez ali nepopolna osnovnošolska / no education or incomplete elementary I I osnovnošolska / elementary I I poklicna / vocational I I srednješolska / upper secondary I_I višja ali visoka strokovna / post secondary or higher professional ^^H univerzitetna ali podiplomska / university or post-graduate 28,9 % 1. Pridelovalci, število dreves ali grmov ter bruto in neto površina po sadnih vrstah, Slovenija, 2002 Poducers, number of trees or shrubs and gross and net area by fruit species, Slovenia, 2002 Pridelovalci Število dreves, Bruto površina Neto površina grmov Gross area Net area Producers Number of trees, shrubs ha ha Intenzivni sadovnjaki in oljčniki, skupaj 3639 5229,5 3841,6 Orchard and olive plantations, total Jablane 1151 7086469 3099,3 2190,0 Apples Hruške 357 465558 284,0 232,3 Pears Breskve 881 520674 594,2 503,5 Peaches Nektarine 109 41081 48,6 38,9 Nectarines Marelice 178 13937 30,7 22,7 Apricots Češnje 485 36039 106,7 77,3 Cherries Višnje 50 31596 58,1 52,9 Sour cherries Češplje in slive 258 18365 40,8 29,6 Plums Oreh 98 8397 60,7 48,7 Walnuts Leska 39 12969 32,0 25,3 Hazelnuts Mandelj 35 2155 9,5 8,7 Almonds Kostanj 19 1446 10,9 8,8 Chestnuts Kaki 122 10663 25,4 19,7 Kaki Aktinidija 32 5226 8,6 6,6 Kiwis Fige 104 2273 7,1 5,0 Figs Kutine 8 221 1,0 0,5 Quinces Jagodičje (brez jagod), skupaj1' 42 71759 29,0 25,2 Berries (excluding strawberries), total1) Ameriške borovnice 11 43880 23,3 20,3 Blueberries Drugo sadje2) 25 2620 2,3 2,2 Other fruits2) Oljke 1639 186177 780,8 543,8 Olive trees 1) Jagodičje skupaj zajema: ameriške borovnice, maline, ribez vseh vrst, bezeg, josto. Berries total includes blueberries, raspberries, currants, elders. 2) Drugo sadje zajema: nešplje, nashi in drugo sadje, ki ni nikjer drugje omenjeno. Other fruit includes medlars, nashi and other fruit n.e.c. Pridelovalci, število nasadov in bruto površina po velikostnih razredih bruto površin intenzivnih nasadov, Slovenija, 2002 Producers, plantations and gross area by size classes of gross area of plantations, Slovenia, 2002 Velikostni razredi intenzivnih nasadov sadja in oljk ha Pridelovalci Producers1) Število nasadov Number of plantations Bruto površina Gross area ha Size classes of fruit and olive plantations ha Skupaj 4701 6130 5229,5 Total od 0 do pod 0,2 1238 1775 199,0 0 to under 0,2 od 0,2 do pod 0,5 1623 2003 619,1 0,2 to under 0,5 od 0,5 do pod 1 979 1182 806,1 0,5 to under 1 od 1 do pod 2 542 669 879,7 1 to under 2 od 2 do pod 5 241 341 986,9 2 to under 5 od 5 do pod 10 47 93 600,3 5 to under 10 od 10 do pod 20 18 46 558,9 10 to under 20 od 20 do pod 30 9 13 281,1 20 to under 30 30 + 4 8 298,5 30 + 1) En pridelovalec ima lahko več nasadov. One producer can have several plantations. Graf 3: Pridelovalci, število nasadov in bruto površina po velikostnih razredih bruto površin intenzivnih nasadov, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 3: Producers, plantations and gross area by size classes of gross area of plantations, Slovenia, 2002 število / number 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 ha 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 do pod / to under 0,2 ha 0,2 do pod / to under 0,5 ha 0,5 do pod / to under 1 ha 1 do pod / to under 2 ha 2 do pod / to under 5 ha 5 do pod / to under 10 ha 10 ha + □ □ □ nasadi plantations bruto površina gross area pridelovalci producers © SURS 0 0 3. Sortni pregled nekaterih pomembnejših sadnih vrst in oljk, Slovenija, 1997 in 2002 Varieties review of some important fruit species and olives, Slovenia, 1997 and 2002 2002 1997 pridelovalci producers število dreves number of trees neto površina net area neto površina net area ha % % Jablane, skupaj 1151 7 086 469 2190,0 100 100 Apples, total Idared 967 2362182 726,9 33,2 32,5 Idared Jonagold (standard) 901 1 356 057 425,9 19,4 22,9 Jonagold (standard) Elstar (standard) 558 627 738 188,0 8,6 8,2 Elstar (standard) Zlati delišes, klon B 443 558 115 156,1 7,1 10,3 Golden delicious, klon B Gloster 467 428 369 151,7 6,9 12,0 Gloster Zlati delišes reinders 246 362618 100,4 4,6 Golden delicious reinders Gala (standard) 285 283 263 82,9 3,8 1,2 Gala (standard) Breaburn (standard) 220 196 148 55,0 2,5 0,5 Breaburn (standard) Mutsu 247 117 237 34,8 1,6 1,5 Mutsu Granny Smith 84 91 249 30,8 1,4 0,5 Granny Smith Melrose 130 80 229 23,6 1,1 1,3 Melrose Jonatan 127 53 124 20,9 1,0 2,3 Jonatan Hruške, skupaj 357 465 558 232,3 100 100 Pears, total Viljamova 208 186 800 81,0 34,9 30,8 William's Krasanka 22 61 618 37,6 16,2 19,0 Krasanka Konferans 106 71 117 36,4 15,7 9,5 Konferans Abate fetel 9 40 081 23,5 10,1 13,2 Abate fetel Pakhamova 38 27 710 13,2 5,7 10,7 Pakhamova (Pachm's) Junijska lepotica 102 24 913 12,6 5,4 2,7 June beauty Fetelova 32 16 127 8,4 3,6 0,8 Fetelova Zgodnja Morettinijeva 30 9 978 4,8 2,1 1,0 Early Morettini's Breskve, skupaj 881 520 674 503,5 100 100 Peaches, total Redhaven 506 114695 108,2 21,5 22,7 Redhaven Veteran 327 94 946 92,2 18,3 16,8 Veteran Suncrest 165 31 867 31,8 6,3 4,2 Suncrest Norman 173 33 105 30,0 6,0 4,4 Norman Springlady 116 20 808 21,6 4,3 2,9 Springlady Springcrest 122 15 753 16,1 3,2 3,0 Springcrest Royal glory 74 14 133 14,4 2,9 4,0 Royal glory Glohaven 51 17 388 13,6 2,7 2,1 Glohaven Fayette 83 12 923 12,5 2,5 1,9 Fayette Roza 83 12 850 11,945 2,4 2,9 Roza Oljke, skupaj 1639 186177 543,8 100,0 100 Olives, total Istrska belica 1592 114656 339,0 62,3 58,8 Istrska belica Leccino 1079 47 566 135,8 25,0 27,1 Leccino Pendolino 566 6 145 17,9 3,3 3,6 Pendolino Črnica 233 3 696 10,9 2,0 2,3 Črnica 4. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov jablan in hrušk po starosti dreves, Slovenija, 2002 Producers and net area of apple and pear trees by size classes of tree-age, Slovenia, 2002 Jablane / Apples Hruške / Pears Velikostni razredi starosti dreves, leta pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha Size classes of tree-age, years manj kot 5 284 447,0 51 9,2 under 5 5 - 9 429 463,9 80 35,3 5 - 9 10 - 14 426 754,1 98 34,8 10 - 14 15 - 24 261 502,0 109 111,0 15 - 24 25 + 39 23,1 41 41,9 25 + 5. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov breskev, nektarin in marelic po starosti dreves, Slovenija, 2002 Producers and net area of peaches, nectarines and apricots trees by size classes of tree-age, Slovenia, 2002 Breskve / Peaches Nektarine / Nectarines Marelice / Apricots Velikostni razredi starosti dreves, leta pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha Size classes of tree-age, years manj kot 5 243 110,62 26 6,7 38 7,2 under 5 5 - 9 396 196,571 40 18,5 68 8,3 5 - 9 10 - 14 283 136,122 39 12,0 34 1,9 10 - 14 15 - 19 145 48,857 11 1,7 21 2,0 15 - 19 20 + 52 11,364 25 3,4 20 + 6. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov jablan in hrušk po gostoti sajenja dreves, Slovenija, 2002 Producers and net area of apple and pear trees by size classes of density of plantation, Slovenia, 2002 Jablane / Apples Hruške / Pears Velikostni razredi gostote sajenja dreves na ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha Size classes of density of plantation, trees per ha manj kot 400 45 20,5 31 4,8 under 400 400 - 799 60 14,2 44 2,8 400 - 799 800 - 1599 143 144,3 88 75,1 800 - 1599 1600 - 2399 308 589,5 116 116,6 1600 - 2399 2400 - 3199 363 660,2 40 15,8 2400 - 3199 3200 - 3999 452 761,3 51 17,2 3200 - 3999 7. Pridelovalci in neto površina nasadov breskev, nektarin in marelic po gostoti sajenja dreves, Slovenija, 2002 Producers and net area of peaches, nectarines and apricots trees by size classes of density of plantation, Slovenia, 2002 Breskve / Peaches Nektarine / Nectarines Marelice / Apricots Velikostni razredi gostote sajenja dreves na ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha pridelovalci producers neto površina net area ha Size classes of density of plantation, trees per ha manj kot 300 11 300 - 599 46 600 - 899 336 900 - 1199 227 1200 - 1499 315 1500 + 64 8,8 9,9 4 0,1 177,1 35 13,4 112,6 37 9,2 177,1 32 15,3 18,1 5 0,8 16 3,1 under 300 62 5,9 300 - 599 67 12,2 600 - 899 27 1,4 900 - 1199 6 0,0 1200 - 1499 5 0,0 1500 + 8. Namakane površine intenzivnih sadovnjakov in oljčnikov po nekaterih sadnih vrstah, Slovenija, 2002 Irrigated areas of fruit and olive plantations by some fruit species, Slovenia, 2002 Neto površina / Net area skupna površina total area namakana površina irrigated area ha ha % Intenzivni sadovnjaki in oljčniki, skupaj 3841,6 658,2 17,1 Orchard and olive plantations, total Jablane 2190,0 204,6 9,3 Apples Hruške 232,3 118,6 51,1 Pears Breskve 503,5 263,3 52,3 Peaches Nektarine 38,9 19,3 49,8 Nectarines Ameriške borovnice 20,3 19,1 94,3 Blueberries Graf 4: Neto površina intenzivnih sadovnjakov, oljčnikov in nasadov jagodičja (brez jagod) glede na namakanje v ha, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 4: Irrigated and non-irrigated net area of fruit, olive and berry plantations (excluding strawberries) in hectares, Slovenia, 2002 Skupna površina / Total area 3842 ha j j nenamakana / non-irrigated j j namakana / irrigated Graf 5: Delež namakanih površin po sadnih vrstah glede na skupno namakano površino intenzivnih sadovnjakov in oljčnikov, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 5: Share of irrigated areas by fruit species and total irrigated area of fruit and olive plantations, Slovenia, 2002 ameriške borovnice / blueberries breskve / peaches nektarine / nectarines drugo / other jablane / apples 50 % Skupna namakalna površina / Total irrigated area 658 ha 94 % 52 % 9 % 21 % nn □ □ Uporaba protislanske zaščite po nekaterih sadnih vrstah, Slovenija, 2002 Use of frost protection in some fruit species, Slovenia, 2002 Skupna neto površina Total net area Neto površina zaščitena s protislansko zaščito Net area protected by frost protection ha pridelovalci producers ha pridelovalci producers Breskve 503,5 881 123,5 143 Peaches Nektarine 38,9 109 14,1 17 Nectarines Hruške 232,3 357 82,4 13 Pears Jablane 2190,0 1151 43,3 17 Apples Graf 6: Delež površin zaščitenih s protislansko zaščito, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 6: Share of area protected by frost protection, Slovenia, 2002 hruške pears nektarine nectarines breskve peaches jablane apples 10 15 20 25 30 35 % 40 10. Izobrazba nosilca pridelave, Slovenija, 2002 Qualification of producers, Slovenia, 2002 Pridelovalci / Producers Bruto površina število Gross area number % ha 0 5 © SURS Kmetijska izobrazba Praktične izkušnje Tečaji iz kmetijstva Poklicna (dveletna) izobrazba Poklicna (triletna) izobrazba Srednja izobrazba Višja izobrazba Visoka strokovna izobrazba Univerzitetna izobrazba Podiplomska izobrazba(specialistična,magisterij, doktorat) Splošna izobrazba Brez izobrazbe Nepopolna osnovnošolska izobrazba Osnovnošolska izobrazba Poklicna izobrazba Srednješolska izobrazba Višja izobrazba Visoka strokovna izobrazba Univerzitetna izobrazba Podiplomska izobrazba (specialistična, magisterij, doktorat) 2049 56,3 1359,1 992 27,3 1121,0 105 2,9 156,2 85 2,3 148,9 224 6,2 449,4 83 2,3 845,3 29 0,8 333,4 65 1,8 796,8 7 0,2 19,5 13 0,4 7,6 207 5,7 92,7 798 21,9 761,8 1022 28,1 894,5 1051 28,9 1180,6 258 7,1 1024,0 93 2,6 386,0 177 4,9 849,2 20 0,5 33,1 Agricultural qualification Practical experience Agricultural courses Vocational (two-year) education Vocational (three-year) education Upper secondary education Post secondary education Higher professional education University education Post-graduate education (specialist, master's, doctor's) General qualification No education Incomplete elementary education Elementary education Vocational education Upper secondary education Post secondary education Higher professional education University education Post-graduate education (specialist, master's, doctor's) 11. Načini pridelave v intenzivnih sadovnjakih in oljčnikih, Slovenija, 2002 Fruit and olive plantations by method of production, Slovenia, 2002 Bruto površina / Gross area Pridelovalci Producers ha % Skupaj 5229,5 100,0 3639 Total Biološko-ekološki (certificiran) 86,2 1,6 83 Organic production (with certificate) Integrirani (certificiran) 3694,7 70,7 1140 Integrated production (with certificate) Konvencionalni 1448,6 27,7 2416 Conventional production Graf 7: Načini pridelave v intenzivnih sadovnjakih in oljčnikih, Slovenija, 2002 Chart 7: Fruit and olive plantations by method of production, Slovenia, 2002 Skupna bruto površina / Total gross area 5229,5 ha 71 "" biološko-ekološki (certificiran) / organic production (with certificate) integrirani (certificiran) / integrated production (with certificate) konvencionalni / conventional production 12. Pridelovalci, število intenzivnih nasadov ter bruto površina sadnega drevja, jagodičja in oljk po upravnih enotah, Slovenija, 2002 Producers, number and gross area of fruit, berry and olive plantations by administrative units, Slovenia, 2002 Skupaj / Total Od tega jablane / Of that apple trees Pridelovalci1' Producers1) Število nasadov Number of plantations Bruto površina Gross area, ha Pridelovalci Producers Bruto površina Gross area ha Slovenija / Slovenia 3725 6130 5229,49 1151 3099,27 Ajdovščina 145 207 90,52 7 2,22 Brežice 147 250 250,07 110 1 82,1 2 Celje 15 16 18,46 12 15,75 Črnomelj 15 21 8,80 9 2,36 Domžale z z z z z Gornja Radgona 15 33 91,48 11 78,62 Grosuplje 4 7 5,92 4 5,92 Hrastnik z z z z z Idrija 4 4 1 ,1 7 4 1 ,1 7 Ilirska Bistrica 32 49 40,31 27 34,52 Izola 332 450 209,95 44 5,49 Jesenice z z z z z Kamnik z z z z z Kočevje z z z z z Koper 870 1413 467,80 20 18,33 Kranj 8 12 19,37 8 17,60 Krško 136 210 400,20 91 306,78 Laško 4 4 10,23 z z Lenart 68 121 236,67 45 217,82 Lendava 9 12 10,95 7 1 0,1 8 Litija 6 10 1 3,1 1 z z Ljubljana 35 59 56,54 25 42,64 Ljutomer 12 27 70,69 10 64,40 Maribor 80 189 293,83 71 265,22 Metlika 18 25 11,05 13 9,22 Mozirje 4 4 0,71 4 0,71 Murska Sobota 115 190 189,90 105 169,62 Nova Gorica 587 1133 585,63 38 11,70 Novo Mesto 47 63 106,09 36 86,27 Ormož 25 75 241,35 19 190,32 Pesnica 54 94 231,06 40 207,2 Piran 513 750 349,14 58 33,72 Postojna 33 44 35,02 33 33,71 Ptuj 59 118 157,03 44 140,91 Radlje ob Dravi 5 10 2,68 z z Radovljica 8 17 33,76 7 32,25 Ruše 11 23 72,78 11 69,77 Sevnica 30 45 163,45 25 158,20 Sežana 48 58 52,91 38 47,17 Slovenska Bistrica 69 107 182,46 62 170,99 Slovenske Konjice 18 31 68,11 13 62,94 Šentjur pri Celju 10 28 103,56 8 93,23 Škofja Loka z z z z z Šmarje pri Jelšah 41 52 45,36 27 28,41 Tolmin 18 22 14,66 16 14,11 Trebnje 9 13 8,50 8 7,77 Velenje 5 11 30,42 5 29,98 Vrhnika 13 13 23,61 z z Zagorje ob Savi z z z z z Žalec 33 76 167,46 32 166,16 1) Nekateri pridelovalci imajo lahko nasade v več upravnih enotah. Some producers can have plantations in several administrative units. M STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE Zakon o državni statistiki (Uradni list RS, št. 45/95 in št. 9/01) Posredovanje podatkov je obvezno. POPIS-SAD/5L 1 5 2 2 POPIS INTENZIVNIH SADOVNJAKOV V REPUBLIKI SLOVENIJI V LETU 2002 Kritični datum: 1. junij 2002 Čas popisa: oktober 2002 Popisujemo vse pridelovalce, ki uporabljajo 10 arov ali več intenzivnih sadovnjakov / oljčnikov oz. 5 arov ali več površin z jagodičjem (razen jagod). Datum popisovanja Začetek popisovanja Konec popisovanja I I I I I 12002 ura min ura min Neuspeli poskusi popisovanja 1 2 3 4 5 Datum obiska Ura Podpis popisovalca/-ke: Podpis pridelovalca/-ke: Telefonska št. pridelovalca/-ke: Datum kontrole:]_|_| |_|_| 2002 Šifra inštruktorja/-ice: Ime in priimek inštruktorja/-ice: Podpis inštruktorja/-ice A. ALI IMA NASLOVNIK V LETU 2002 INTENZIVNI NASAD V UPORABI? DA. DA, vendar ne zadostuje merilom za popis. NE, naslovnik je spremenjen. NE, naslovnik ne obstaja - je neznan. NE, sadovnjak ni več v uporabi - opuščeno. Dvojnik (šifra dvojnika_______). Noče sodelovati ali je nedosegljiv. Opombe: 0851| POPIS-SAD/5LI 1522 2002 C. PODATKI O PRIDELOVALCU IN NASADU 01. NAČIN PRIDELAVE (Prekrižajte kvadratek pred ustreznim odgovorom.) 1 konvencionalni 2 integrirani 3 biološko-ekološki PRIDELKI SADJA IN OLJK GLEDE NA NAČIN PORABE v letu 2002 Sadna vrsta, ime Sadna vrsta, šifra Pridelek 2002, kg Od tega: Neposredno na trg (tržnica, prodaja na domu), kg Prodaja na debelo (veletržnica, veletrgovina), kg Prodaja trgovini na drobno, kg Prodaja zadrugi, kg Prodaja drugam (menzam, hotelom, gostilnam, hladilnicam ...), kg Samooskrba, kg Predelava na domu, kg 02 03 S>