Andrej Snedec CDU802.0-024 : 801.56-2 L YLY Maribor 
THE PROGRESS OF A SYNTACTIC CHANGE 
ENGLISH DO-SUPPORT* 

1.1. The English construction with do-support in the affirmative form, in the interrogative form, in the declarative-negative form, and in the interrogative­-negative form is a periphrastic construction. It satisfied the definition of a streng­thened construction as long as it was an optional replacement of the corresponding non-strengthened construction, i.e. of forms without do-support. 
1.2. The following predictions can be made about the use of the construction with do-support while it was a strengthened construction: 
1.2.1. The construction with do-support was used more often than the con­struction without do-support with heavy main verbs, i.e. within frequent and with morphologically complex verbs. 
1.2.2. The construction with do-support was used relatively more frequently than the construction without do-support under complex grammatical conditions: 
a) in dependent clauses (vis-a-vis main clauses) 
b) in the non-present tenses (vis-a-vis the present tense) 
c) in the non-indicative moods (vis-a-vis the indicative mood) 
d) in the non-third verbal persons (vis-a-vis the third verbal person) 
e) in the non-singular (vis-a-vis the singular) 
f) in non-declarative clauses (vis-a-vis declarative clauses) 
g) ·in non-affirmative declarative clauses (vis-a-vis affirmative declarative 
clauses) 
h) with verb + prepositional object (vis-a-vis verti + 'direct object) 
i) with verb + object clause (vis-a-vis verb + direct object). 
THE CONSTRUCTION WITH DO-SUPPORT IN THE CORPUS 
2.1. The corpus consists of John Lyly's plays in prose (Campaspe 1580 /C/, Sapho and Phao 1581 /SP/, Gallathea 1584 /G/, Endimion 1585 /E/, Midas 1589 
1590 /MB/, Loves Metamorphosis 1599 /LM/ as edited by 
of the construction with do-support in the corpus will now according to the propositional modality of the construction interrogative, and interrogative-negative), and subclassified paragraph 1.2.2. The interrogative form is classified into yes-no 
wh-questions. 
form 
pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir. obj 1 
remember -E V .1.54. 2 
faith -MB IV.1.47. 
maintaine Accius -MB V.3.345. 

pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i 
them in my handes. -SP 1.3.5. 
leade -G 11.3.9. 
thinke Eumenides faithfull -E V .3.234. 
most allowable -M III.3.65. 
kinde of sweetnesse. -LM III.1.136. 
doe 1 take -LM 1.2.24. 

pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj, Prn = rfl.prn, i esteeme my selfe most free -E 111.2.7. 
pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = obj.cl, i wish hee preserue our farne -C 1.1.55. is none in their harts. -SP III.4.30. choose to haue my tongue cut out -E V.3.216. do againe -C 11.1.43. begin to liue. -E V.3.214. 
pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = prep.obj -G 1.1.1 O. 
pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj thy glemes -E 1.1.63. 
2.3.8. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl, i 
21. 
Little doost thou knowe Endimion when thou shalt wake -E 11.3.24. 

22. 
for little doost thou knowe heauie his head lies -E IV. l.73. 

2.3.9. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = prep.obj 

23. 
But thou ...dost detract from thy perfections -E 1.1.60. 

2.3.10. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

24. 
Semele dooth possesse my loue. -E IIl.4.116. 

2.3.11. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i 

25. 
Then doth he shew me coiiterfeits -C 1.2.67. 

26. 
As much doth it delight thee -SP I.l.7. 

2.3.12. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

27. 
Aristotle doth denie. -C 1.3.74. 

2.3.13. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = prep.obj 

28. 
The Sunne dooth beate vppon the playne fieldes -G 1.1.1. 

29. 
my hart doth nowe take hold of me. -E III. 4.37. 

2.3.14. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr 

30. 
for Alexander doth loue -C 11.2.96. 

31. 
my maister doth come. -C 111.5.3. 

32. 
thy tongue doth itch -M 11.1.116. 

33. 
Thy father doth liue -MB 111.4.162. 

2.3.15. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr, i 

34. 
and often doth it happen -G III.3.24. 

35. 
so doth my wit increase by loue. -E IIl.3.62. 

2.3.16. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i 

36. 
Litle do you know -C 11.2.79. 

37. 
and therefore sleightly do you regarde -C 11.2.79. 

2.3.17. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

38. 
Gods do know, ... , that loue is a consuming of wit -LM III .1.23. 

2.3.18. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = intr 

39. 
sing a song to the tune of my teeth do ake. -M III.2.136. 


= pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i Pantopheles -SP 1.3.4. always behold thy colour -LM V.4.121. 
pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
that trou loue would end -LM V.3.3. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = obj.cl, i did 1 mean to make -M III.1.46. long to touch -M III.1.48. did 1 resolue to end my life: -LM V.4.116. 
= pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj thy dutie -C 1.3.111. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl, i Gentleman Geron„.didst thou procure to lyue in a Deserte ­
= pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
change her copie -G 1.1.20. 
did„.hewe downe my sacred tree. -LM V.1.32. 

pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i did Mars make a full point -SP III.2.49. Master make -G 11.3.39. lupiter„.possesse his loue -M 11.1.13. 
= pa, N = pl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i 
ouer-heare me -M 111.2.75. 

pa, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj did„.scorne my constant love. -LM V.1.33. 
pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr LM III.2.57. 
pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj doth bend her brow -SP 11.4.107. 

2.3.32. C = d, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
62. which your Iearning doth well vnderstande is all man -E 1.3.99. 
2.3.33. C = d, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr 
63. 
And whilst our flocke doth roame -G 1.1.6 . . 

64. 
then commonly nature dooth afforde -E V .3.20. 

65. 
when a Lion doeth so much degenerat -M IV.2.25. 

66. 
because he doth die -MB III.4.162. 

2.3.34. C = d, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

67. 
whose passions and thoughts do„.exceede others -C II.2.81. 

68. 
that women do so lightly beleeue. -SP 11.4.74. 

69. 
where fowles doe breede theyr quils: -G 1.1.31. 

2.3.35. C = d, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i 

70. 
that doo the Gods chalenge. -M 111.1.55. 

2.3.36. C = d, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = intr 

71. 
whom other mens hornes do make to beware. -M V.2.39. 

2.3.37. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

72. 
I did quip thee -C III.2.28. 

73. 
I did flatter thee -G IV.4.11. 

74. 
I that did possesse mynes of golde -M III. l.7. 

2.3.38. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

75. 
I didde meane to make my tale. -SP 1.1.68. 

2.3.39. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr 

76. 
as 1 did lye -SP V.3.20. 

2.3.40. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj­

77. 
that thou didst counterfeate monye. -C 1.3.121. 

78. 
thou didst hit my hearte -SP IV.1.11. 

79. 
thou didst both dislike and dishonour; -M IV.1.163. 

80. 
which thou didst promise -LM III.2.25. 

81. 
thou„.that did/st/ sweare to follow. LM IV.2.87. 

2.3.41. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj, Prn = rfl.prn 

82. 
thou didst vowe thy selfe to death -E V.3.159. 


pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = prep.obj didst shine vpon them ---" E II .1.19. 
pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = intr loue -LM 111.2.26. 
pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj partridge. -M IV.3.53. 

pa, N = pl, P = 3, Y = tr, O = dir.obj, Prn = rfl. prn wolues„.did„.bleede themselues to death -E V.1.121. 
pa, N = youl, P = 2, V = intr LM V.4.127. 

negative-declarative form 
pr, N = sg, P = l, V = tr, O = dir.obj -G III.2.34. not yet call -E V.1.55. 
pr, N = sg, P = l, V = tr, O = obj.cl his excuse wilbe better -C 1.3.55. will flye. -C III.2.58. to be a woman -G III.2.9. this breast shalbe pestred -E 11.2.136. Loue hath any sparke -LM 1.1.9. that which 1 thinke is not -LM 111.1.12. 

pr, N = sg, P = l, V = tr, O = dir.obj, i imagin anie thing -E 1.4. 7. neither mercies -M III.1.26. thanke thee -LM V.4.66. 
pr, N = sg, P = l, V = tr, O = obj.cl, i maruell thou remembrest not -E V .1.37. 
pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr 

2.4.7. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr 
104. Tellus doth not speak false. -E V.3.136. 
2.4.8. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
105. We doe not meane fortune tellers -G V.3.181. 
2.4.9. C = m, T = pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = intr 
106. you do not mistrust. -C IV .4.5. 
2.4.10. C = m, T = pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = prep.obj, i 
107. for yet did 1 neuer heare of a woman -SP 111.3.57. 
2.4.11. C = m, T = pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = obj .cl, i 
108. for yet did 1 neuer heare that his oracles were -M V.1.37. 
2.4.12. C = m, T = pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr 
109. 1 did not runne awaye -C 1.2.27. 
2.4.13. C = m, T = pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
110. thou didst neuer yet deceiue vertue -C 1.1.29. 
2.4.14. C = m, T = pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = intr 
111. happie Niobe ...didst neuer turne -LM V.4.96. 
2.4.15. C = m, T = pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr, i 
112. there did neuer enter any motion of loue. -LM 11.1.46. 
2.4.16. C = d, T = pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr 
113. 1 doe not dissemble -MB V.3.312. 
2.4.17. C = d, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj, M = cond 
114. if thou doo not beleeue it -E III.4.187. 
2.4.18. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
115. in that thou didste not counterfeite money. --C 1.3.122. 
2.4.19. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
116. because vertue neuer yet did trust fortune. -C 1.1.30. 
2.4.20. C = d, T = pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr interrogative form 
questions 
= pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr E 1.1.16. 
= pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj thing? -E IIl.4.154. 
Cupids Quiuer -E IV.3.120. a foole -MB 1.1.22. thy misters -MB 1.1.24. 
me -MB 11.1.24. 
them rattes -MB V.3.270. 
Loue -LM III.1.11. 


= pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl more delight to be hewed -C 111.5.23. that there are any gods -C V .1.18. 
that he will make it -G 11.3.81. haires will breede -M III.2.65. she tooke her -MB 1.2.13. an horse can speake? -MB IV.2.184. 

= pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = intr 
preferre -C IV.2.2. 

= pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj bewitch thee -SP 11.4.4. deuoure her? -G 1.1.53. craft -G III.4.70. remembraunce ... refine my spirits -E IV.3.20. eares? -M 1.2.54. -M 1.2.119. 
reward me -LM 1.2.97. 
offer force -LM 11.1.1. 
band -LM 11.1.3. 

= pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = prep.obj 

145. 
Doth Midas determine totempt -M 1.1.59. 

146. 
Doeth your Maiestie begin to melt -M IIl.1.67. 

2.5.1.8. C = m, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr 

147. 
doth it suffise? -G V.3.171. 

148. 
Doth Dipsas stoope? -E V.2.55. 

2.5.1.9. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

149. 
Doe you both beeing Maidens loue one another? -G V.3.116. 

150. 
But do you heare the strange newes -M 1.2.121. 

2.5.1.10. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

151. 
Doe you thinke Ile be iested out -MB IV.2.203. 

152. 
do you thinke Ile bee cosned -MB V.3.320. 

2.5.1.11. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 2, V = intr 

153. 
doe you heare? -SP IIl.3.128. 

2.5.1.12. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = prep.obj 

154. 
Doe they dote so much on their daughters -G V.3.11. 

2.5.1.13. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

155. 
doe your eyes begin to loue collours -G IIl.4.51. 

156. 
doe men beginne to bee equall -G V.3.10. 

2.5.1.14. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = intr 

157. 
doe your sheepe feede -G 11.1.47. 

158. 
Doe sillie Sheepeheards goe -G 11.2.15. 

159. 
doe they speake so? -G 11.3.21. 

160. 
Doe they ali dissemble? E II .1.66. 

161. 
do they stili ake? -M IIl.2.80. 

162. 
Doo your loues continue? -LM V.4.59. 

2.5.1.15. C = m, T = pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

163. 
do you loue Apelles? -C V.4.121. 

164. 
Doe you loue Campaspe? -C V.4.125. 

165. 
do you keep the ferry -SP 1.1.50. 

166. 
Doe you knowe in court any -SP 1.2.35. 

167. 
And doe you loue him stili? -SP V.2.35. 

168. 
Do you loue the Moone Endimion? -E I.L16. 


T = pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = intr SP 11.1.33. G 11.3.96. 

T = pa, N = sg, P = 2, V == tr, O = dir.obj me -SP IIl.3.90. heare such a dolt? -E 1.3.81. heare such a sighing -E 11.2.1. anie wordes -MB V.3.154. 
T == pa, N = sg, P = 2, V == intr. so? -SP I.l.67. 

T = pa, N == sg, P = 3, V == tr, O = dir.obj mother„.sende thee -G III.4.69. 
T = pa, N = pl, P = 2, V == tr, O = obj.cl water buble as the Sea did? -G 1.4.10. 
T = pa, N == youl, P == 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj any so perplexed? -C V.4.10. 
T = pa, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl me kisse my Paughter? -G IV.I.47. 
T = pa, N = youl, P = 2, V = intr -E III.4.57. 

Wh-questions 
= pr, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj heare? -G 11.3.89. the tirne in words? -E IIl.4.103. E V.1.30. beholde ,__ E V.1.44. heare? -E V.2.86. see? -LM V.4.38. 
T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

195. 
Wbom doest tbou seeke? -SP 11.3.41. 

196. 
But what doest tbou answere? -SP 11.3.72. 

197. 
But wby doost tbou blame bim -G 11.1.9. 

198. 
wbat doost tbou feare? -G IV.4.35. 

199. 
Wbat doost tbou feele -E V.2.18. 

200. 
Wbat doest tbou pay -M 111.2.21. 

201. 
wby doost tbou abuse tbe world -M V .3.6. 

202. 
wbat dost tbou cbiefest desire? -LM 11.1.93. 

203. 
Wbat doest tbou most bate -LM 11.1.96. 

204. 
Wbat dost tbou beare -LM IV.2.84. 

2.5.2.3. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = prep.obj 

205. 
Wbat dost tbou seeke far bere? -C 11.1.9. 

2.5.2.4. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = intr 

206. 
But bow doest tbou tben liue? -C 1.2.81. 

207. 
But wby doest tbou laugb. -MB 11.1.84. 

2.5.2.5. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

208. 
wbetber dotb tbe sea ... bring ...creatures? -C 1.3.94. 

209. 
wbat disbes ... dotb bis Lordsbippe feast you -E V.2.7. 

210. 
Wbat conditions dotb sbe aske? -E V.2.59. 

2.5.2.6. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P == 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

211. 
wbat els do we se now tben a kind of softnes -C IV.3.7. 

2.5.2.7. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

212. 
Wbat doo you giue me tbe boots? -MB IV.2.32. 

213. 
Wbat punisbment doe you desire -LM IV.1.80. 

2.5.2.8. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 2, V = tr, O = prep.obj 

214. 
Wby do you rap so bard at tbe doore? -MB III.4.83. 

2.5.2.9. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

215. 
wby doe otbers terme tbee vnconstant -E 1.1.30. 

216. 
Wbat do tbey tbinke -LM IV.1.48. 

2.5.2.10. C = m, T = pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

217. 
bow doe yee like tbe sweete face -C 11.2.2. 

218. 
Wbom do you loue -C IV.2.37. 


-SP III.4.75. 
it? -G 1.2.14. 
that knot -G IV.2.46. 
that -G IV.2.57. 

many -L~ III.1.100. 
= pr,N = youl,P = 2, V= tr,0 = dir.obj,Prn = rfl.prn your self -SP 1.2.2. 
= pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
imagine it to be? -C V.4.34. 


= pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = intr 
first begin -C III.4.70. 
-C V.1.10. 
SP III.4.68. 

= pa, N = sg, P = l, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
get...crownes -M III.1.14. 
that ali might bee gold -M III.l.43. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr E 11.3.22. consent -MB V.3.177. 
= pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
draw it -C III.5.40. 
wound me -SP IV.1.4. 

imagine -E V.1.118. 
boare him -MB IV.2.195. 
.torment. „Nymphes -LM 11.1.101. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
thou teli mee it was ... sonne? -MB IV.2.133. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = intr 

proue -SP IV.1.6. 
thou liue? -G V.1.33. 
escape -LM IV.2.1. 

2.5.2.20. C = m, T = pa, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
250. What did they see? -E III.4.43. 
2.5.2.21. C = m, T = pa, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj . 
251. What did you dreame -SP IV.3.53. 
2.6. The interrogative~negative form 
2.6.1. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir .obj 
252. 
Why the doest thou ow no reuerece -C 11.2.125. 

253. 
Doest thou not vnderstand their language? -M IV.3.18. 

2.6.2. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

254. 
doest thou not remember that wee haue -C III.2.13. 

255. 
Doost thou not knowe that 1 was calculating -G IIl.3.34. 

256. 
Doost thou not know what a Poet is? -E 1.3.15. 

257. 
doest thou not think she was chast? -M III.3.15. 

258. 
Dost thou not know„.that...Bacchus commaunded mee -M V.1.41. 

2.6.3. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

259. 
doeth not your beauty put the painter -C III.4.59. 

260. 
What holes doth not gold bore -M 1.1.62. 

2.6.4. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

261. 
dooth not that make„.blushe, that makes -G IIl.4.16. 

2.6.5. C = m, T = pr, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr 

262. 
doth not this matter cotton -C III .4.117. 

263. 
Doth not the horse trauell -SP III.2.16. 

264. 
Doth not Frankinsence & Myrrhe breath out -E 1.2.23. 

265. 
doth not Cupid speake -LM 11.1.134. 

2.6.6. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 1, V = tr, O = obj.cl 

266. 
doe we not presently say, go too -SP 1.4.45. 

2.6.7. C = m, T = pr, N = pl, P = 3, V = intr 

267. 
Doe not ali his Subiects„.swarme -M 111.1.58. 

2.6.8. C = m, T = pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 

268. 
doe you iudge no Merchants -LM III.2.46. 


pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = tr, O = prep.obj on faire Ladies -SP 1.2.10. 
pr, N = youl, P = 2, V = intr 
-E 1.3.56. 

pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = tr, O = dir.obj daughter -G IV.1.34. 
pa, N = sg, P = l, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
come out -C IV.1.55. 

pa, N = sg, P = 1, V = intr 
-E 11.3.22. 


pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
upa tree -E IV.3.12. 
pull open the yron Gates -E IV.3.14. 
bring a stoole -MB IV.2.166. 
Cupid? -LM 11.1.49. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 2, V = tr, O = obj.cl 
finde 1 did quip thee? -C IIl.2.27. 
heare howe lupiter came -G 11.3.90. 

= pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj 
Phao -SP IIl.3.70. 


= pa, N = sg, P = 3, V = intr dreame -SP IV.3.22. 
pa, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj neuer teach you -C 1.2.33. 
pa, N = pl, P = 3, V = tr, O = dir.obj, Prn = rfl.prn fooles ...court one another? -MB IV.2.163. 
= pa, N = pl, P = 3, V = intr 
Louers come hether? -E III.4.37. 


3. THE ANALYSIS 
3. l. The working method can be described as follows: 
3. l. l. l. First we formula te the empirically verifiable predictions that follow from the working hypothesis. 
3 .1.1.2. In the corpus we find ali instances of do-support, and analyse them. 
3.1.1.3. In the same corpus we find and analyse ali finite verbal forms without do-support, in which do-support is possible (or even obligatory after the grammati­calization of do-support). 
3 .1.2. Every clause is analysed as to its propositional modality (affirmative, declarative-negative, interrogative, interrogative-negative), and whether it is a main or a dependent clause. Every finite verbal form is analysed as to the following gram­matical categories: tense, number, verbal person, transitivity, mood, and the pre­sence of inversion.3 With transitive verbs it is ascertained whether their object is the direct object, or the prepositional object, or even the object clause, and also, whether the transitive verb is followed by a reflexive pronoun in lieu of an object. 

3 .1.3. Then the following parameters of the analysed instances are processed statistically: declarative-negative form, interrogative form (yes-no questions and wh-questions), interrogative-negative form, main clause, past tense, plural (the sub­ject youfor one person excluded), plural (the subjectyoufor one person included), first person, second person, non-third person, third person, intransitive verb, direct object, prepositional object, object clause, prepositional object and object clause together. 


3.2. Statistical results 
3.2.1. The number of instances with do-support is 287. This number includes two exclamatory sentences and one aposiopesis. Hence nl = 284. 
3.2.2. The number of instances without do-support is 1328. Hence n2 = 1328. 
3.2.3. Declarative-negative form 
+do = 29, -do = 249 P(al) = t:2o/o: 18.7%, Id == 3.7 

form 

questions 
P(a2) = 22.5 % : 2.6 %, Id = 9.05 
Wh-questions 
P(a3) = 23.9% : 11.4%, Id = 5 

Interrogative-negative form P(a4) = 12.7% : 1.4% Id = 6.65 
(interrogative & interr.-negative form) = 199 159, P(a5) = 100% : 80%, Id = 25.4 
(declarative-negative form) = 249 P(a6) = 82.7% : 79.9%, Id = 4.8 
P(a7) = 30% : 11 %, Id = 7.3 

you for one person) P(a8) = 14.4% : 18.7%, Id = 2 
you for one person) P(a9) = 28.2%: 31.6%, Id = 1.13 
n2 = 798 P(alO) = 40.8%: 39.7%, Id= 0.25 

person n2 = 1011 530, P(all) = 59.4% : 52.4%, Id = 2 
person 847, P(al2) = 68.3%: 63.8%, Id = 1.45 
person 
3.2.16. Direct object 
nl = 224, n2 = 1008 +do = 154, -do = 785, P(a15) = 68.7% : 77.90/o, Id 2.8 
3.2.17. Prepositional object 
nl = 165, n2 = 844 +do = 11, -do = 59, P(al6) = 6.6%: 6.9%, Id = 0.75 
3.2.18. Object clause 
nl = 213, n2 = 949 +do = 59, -do = 164, P(al7) = 27.7%: 17.2%, Id = 3.33 
3.2.19. Prepositional object and object clause together 
nl = 244, n2 = 1008 +do = 70, -do = 223, P(al8) = 31.20/o : 22.1 O/o, Id = 2.8 
3.3. The analysis of statistical results 
3.3.1. There were processed ali favourable events with do-support (287), and ali favourable events without do-support in the declarative-negative, interrogative, and interrogative-negative form (448), and 30 %4 of favourable events without do­support in the affirmative form (880). 
3.3.2. Of the 287 instances with do-support, 88 are in the affirmative form, 29 
the declarative-negative form, 134 in the interrogative form (66 yes-no questions and 68 wh-questions), and 36 in the interrogative-negative form. 
3.3.3. The instances no. 5 and no. 173 (exclamatory sentences) and no. 132 (aposiopesis) have not been included in the statistics. 
3.3.4. The opposition indicative : non-indicative mood is not discussed, since the construction with do-support is rare in the non-indicative-mood, hence negli­gible from the point of view of statistics. 
3.3.5. The opposition heavy : light main verbs is not discussed, snce the fre­quency of their occurrence with and/or without do-support is nearly the same. In analysing Lyly's works it is impossible to prave statistically that the constructions with do-support appear predominantly with heavy main verbs. 
The following main verbs are used most frequently: 
(e.g. counterfeite, dishonour, disdaine, mistrust, etc.) appear and/or simple constructions. 
BETWEEN THE PREDICTIONS ANO THE RESULTS 

comparison between the declarative-negative and the remaining 
prediction, the construction without do-support is used relati­
the declarative-negative form than the construction with difference between the two relative frequencies is statistically state of affairs in the declarative-negative form vs. the remai­confirm our hypothesis. 
comparison between the interrogative and the remaining forms. 
our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­in the interrogative form than the construction without difference between the two relative frequencies is statistically state of affairs in the interrogative form vs. the remaining 
hypothesis. 

comparison between the interrogative-negative and the remaining 
our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­in the interrogative-negative form than the construction the difference between the two relative frequencies is stati­the state of affairs in the interrogative-negative form vs. 

does confirm our hypothesis. 
comparison between the main and the dependent clauses. 
prediction, the construction with do-support is used relatively main clause than the construction without do-support, and the two relative frequencies is statistically significant. Thus main clause vs. the dependent clause does not confirm our 
and the difference between the two relative frequencies is statistically significant. Thus the state of affairs in the past tense vs. the present tense does confirm our hy­pothesis. 
4.6. The comparison between the singular and the plural. 
4.6.1. Contrary to our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­latively more frequently in the singular (the subject you for one person included) than the construction without do-support, and the difference between the two re­lative frequencies is statistically significant. 
4.6.2. Contrary to our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­latively more frequently in the singular (the subject you for one person excluded) than the construction without do-support. However, the difference between the two relative frequencies is not statistically significant. 
4.6.3. Thus the state of affairs in the singular vs. the plural does not confirm our hypothesis. 
4.7 The comparison among the verbal persons. 
4.7 .1. The comparison between the first and the third verbal persons. 
In conformity with our prediction, the construction with do-dupport is used re­latively more frequently in the first verbal person than the construction without do-support. However, the difference between the two relative frequencies is not sta­tistically significant. Thus the state of affairs in the first vs. the third verbal person does not confirm our hypothesis. 
4.7 .2. The comparison between the second and the third verbal persons. 
In conformity with our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­latively more frequently in the second verbal person than the construction without do-support, and the difference between the two relative frequencies is statistically significant. Thus the state of affairs in the second vs. the third verbal person does confirm our hypothesis. 
4.7 .3. The comparison between the third and the non-third verbal persons. 
In conformity with our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­comparison between the transitive and the intransitive verbs. 
our prediction, the construction without do-support is used frequently in the intransitive verbs than the construction with difference between the two relative frequencies is not stati­the state of affairs in the transitive vs. the intransitive verbs 
hypothesis. 
comparison among the transitive verbs construed with direct or pre­object clause. 
comparison between the verbs construed with direct object and the prepositional object. 
prediction, the construction without do-support is used relati­with the verbs construed with prepositional object than the do-support. The difference between the two relative frequencies is Thus the state of affairs in the verbs construed with direct construed with prepositional object does not confirm our hypo­
comparison between the verbs construed with direct object and the object clause. 
our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­with the verbs construed with the object clause than the do-support, and the difference between the two relative fre­significant. Thus the state of affairs in the verbs construed verbs construed with object clause does confirm our hypo­
comparison between the verbs construed with direct object on the construed with prepositional object or object clause on the 
our prediction, the construction with do-support is used re­with the verbs construed with prepositional object or object construction without do-support, and the difference between the two statistically significant. Thus the state of affairs in the verbs 
questions, wli~questions), interrogative-negative form, past tense, second person, object clause, prepositional object and object clause together. The remaining para­meters do not confirm our hypothesis, either because they disconfirm it, or because they are statistically insignificant. 
4.11. Our hypothesis is fully disconfirmed by the declarative-negative form, and, conditionally, by the plural. 
FOOTNOTES 
Abbreviations: 
C = clause, m = main, d = dependent 

T = tense, pr = present, pa = past 
N = number, sg = singular, pl = plural, youl = you for one person 
P = person, 1 = first, 2 = second, 3 = third 

V = verb(main), tr = transitive, intr = intransitive 
O = object, dir.obj = direct object, prep.obj = prepositional object, obj.cl = object clause 
Prn = pronoun, rfl.prn = reflexive pronoun 
M = mood, cond = conditional 
i = inversion. 
E = abbreviation of the title, V. = act, l. = scene, 54. = line. 
The inversion is more frequently used with intransitive verbs (Ellegard 1953: 190). 
First 30% of each of the 7 plays in prose. 

REFERENCES 

Bond, R. W. (ed.), The Complete Works of John Lyly. 3 vols. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1902. Ellegard, A„ The Auxiliary Do. The Establishment and Regulation of Its Use in English. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1953. 
Povzetek 

RAZVOJ SKLADENJSKE SPREMEMBE -ANGLEŠKI GLAGOL DO 
Opazovali smo skladenjsko spremembo in njen potek pri angleškem pomožnem glagolu do v obdob­(konec 16. stoletja), ko je bila zgradba z do še skladenjska inačica zgradbe brez do in kot opisna zgrad­ba okrepitev glede na ustrezno zgradbo brez do. 
Pri tem smo ugotavljali, ali okoliščine ustrezajo domnevi, po kateri naj bi se v jeziku uveljavljale okrepitve. Kot dokazno gradivo smo obdelali sedem dram v prozi iz "The Complete Works of John Lyly", Oxford 1902. 
domnevo o nastajanju in razvoju okrepitev v bolj zapletenem, "težkem" okolju. nikalna oblika in, pogojno, množina. Ostali parametri so nesignifikantni njih nismo ničesar napovedali (npr. neprehodni glagoli). 
je zgradba z do pojavljala v zapletenem okolju pogosteje kot v manj za­okrepitvami, ki predstavljajo začetek skladenjskih sprememb.