Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them. STORIES FROM THE UNSEEN COLOPHONE STORIES FROM THE UNSEEN Editors: prof. dr. Britta Thege, Mareike van Elsacker, Aleš Švigelj Collecting interviews: prof. dr. Britta Thege, Mareike van Elsacker, dr. Marike Schmeck, Lara Bökamp, prof. dr. Alenka Fikfak, Aleš Švigelj, Kristina Henriksson, Päivi Mantere, Hanna Iisakkila Rojas, prof. dr. Ana-Isabel Polo-Peña, dr. Francisco Peco-Torres, assoc. Prof. dr. Ewelina Idziak, prof. dr. Magdalena Bergmann Proofreading: prof. dr. Britta Thege Graphics by: Aleš Švigelj Cover image by: Aleš Švigelj Reviewers: assoc. prof. dr. Matej Nikšič, Marina Lovrić Published by: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (UL FA) For UL FA: prof. Mihael Dešman, Dean Design and layout: Aleš Švigelj e-book (https://eusafe.fa.uni-lj.si/) Ljubljana, Granada, Helsinki, Kiel, Bydgoszcz, 2025 First edition Publication is free of charge. © University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture, 2025 All rights reserved. The publication is part of the Erasmus+ KA220 project strategic partnership Sustainable Accessible Future Environments (SAFE) The publication was supported by: Co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them. Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID 256685571 ISBN 978-961-7032-71-0 (PDF) CONTENTS Introduction 4 Chapter 1 Case Studies from Kranj, Slovenia 1.1 Rolling Through Challenges: A Paraplegic's Perspective on Urban Accessibility 6 1.2 Illuminating Obstacles: A Deafblind Experience in Urban Life 7 1.3 Navigating Kranj: A Blind Woman’s Journey Through Accessibility Challenges 8 Chapter 2 Case Studies from Vantaa, Finland 2.1 A Senior's Insight: Navigating Today’s Challenges in Vantaa 11 2.2 Pathways to Integration: A Migrant Woman's Journey in Vantaa 12 2.3 Transforming Spaces: An Autistic Perspective on Urban Accessibility 14 Chapter 3 Case Studies from Kiel, Germany 3.1 Rolling Through Life: Jens's Journey of Advocacy and Community in Kiel-Gaarden 16 3.2 A Glimpse into Gaarden Through Vika's Eyes: Embracing the Complex Tapestry of Urban Life 18 3.3 Voices from Gaarden: Louise´s Reflections on Community Life and Changes 20 Chapter 4 Case Studies from Bydgoszcz, Poland 4.1 An IT Student’s Journey with Asperger’s in Bydgoszcz 23 4.2 Embracing Change: Milena’s Reflections on Life in Bydgoszcz’s Historic Centre 24 4.3 Balancing Safety and Community: A Mother's Perspective on Life in the City 25 Chapter 5 Case Studies from Granada, Spain 5.1 Enhancing Accessibility: Elena's Perspective on Life Around Granada's Cathedral 27 5.2 Navigating Heritage: Enhancing Accessibility in Granada's Cathedral Area 29 5.3 Cultivating Community: Clara's Vision for a Vibrant and Accessible Granada 30 Conclusion 32 References 33 Introduction This booklet presents fifteen case studies of participants’ perspectives and experiences in a representatives of the project´s target groups, more structured manner, storytelling captures collected in Vantaa (Finland), Kranj (Slovenia), individuals’ personal narratives, providing deeper Bydgoszcz (Poland), Granada (Spain) and Kiel insights into the case by enabling participants to (Germany), to illustrate the challenges faced by describe emotional and motivational elements in migrant women, the elderly, people with particular. The choice between these two disabilities, individuals on the autism spectrum methods largely depends on the objective and and families with children in terms of safety and the desired type of data. accessibility in their daily lives. These interviews Although the EU application specified storytelling were selected from a diverse range and then as the method to be used, the partners opted for edited. interviews during the project because they offer Case studies are useful for understanding the a structured approach to data collection and are dynamics of specific environments and allow more efficient at gathering targeted information practitioners to learn from real-life experiences (Cook 2013, 200). Furthermore, interview (Yin 2018, 305). By focusing on a single case or a responses can be more easily compared and small group of related cases, details and contrasted across different subjects, helping to underlying mechanisms that might otherwise identify pertinent patterns or differences in remain invisible to broader quantitative methods relation to the case study’s objectives. can be explored and lead to more informed Storytelling, on the other hand, can lack structure decision-making and effective solutions (Rooney potentially leading to digressions and et al. 2016,148). inconsistencies. This makes it challenging to “ ensure that all relevant topics are covered systematically and can make it difficult to This booklet presents fifteen case studies of compare data across different participants representatives of the project´s target groups, (Rooney et al. 2016,154). collected in Vantaa (Finland), Kranj (Slovenia), Each chapter of the booklet features three case Bydgoszcz (Poland), Granada (Spain) and Kiel studies of a specific city or district in each of the (Germany). aforementioned countries, offering insights into distinct characteristics and challenges. Due to Storytelling and interviews are two widely used the requirements of the General Data Protection qualitative data collection methods in case Regulation (GDPR), the interviews have been studies, each being uniquely effective at pseudonymised by assigning fictitious names capturing individual cases (Olsen 2012, 34). that cannot be linked back to the real individuals. Whereas interviews provide direct insights into 4 Chapter 1 Case Studies from Kranj, Slovenia Kranj is located at the confluence of the Sava suburban areas to form a larger urban and Kokra rivers in the central Gorenjska region, agglomeration. Its influence extends into with its historic center situated below Šmarjetna adjacent settlements and business districts, Gora. In mid-2023, the municipality of Kranj had connecting organically to the rural surroundings. approximately 57,080 inhabitants (SORS, 2023). As a significant regional transport hub, Kranj In terms of population, it ranks 3rd among all ranks as a major center of activity within municipalities in Slovenia, after Ljubljana and Gorenjska, hosting numerous public, cultural, Maribor (ibid, 2023). Traditionally expanding and educational institutions. Kranj's proximity to northward for central activities and along the Ljubljana impacts its development and migration Sava for manufacturing, it now includes patterns. Despite negative population growth, predominantly 20th-century residential areas to the average age in the municipality is 43.3 years, the east and north, with a mix of apartments and lower than the national average, though like single-family homes. This results in a compact much of Slovenia, it has more elderly than young urban landscape that integrates residential, (Kranj, 2025). industrial, and educational spaces. The highly urbanised core of Kranj has expanded into new residential neighborhoods, merging with Kranj Figure 1: Location of Kranj (Source: Aleš Švigej (2025). Position of Kranj [Computer sketch]). 5 1.1 Rolling Through Challenges A Paraplegic's Perspective on Urban Accessibility Andrej is a paraplegic navigating the complexities of urban life. Through his personal experiences and insights, Andrej highlights significant accessibility challenges and areas needing attention in his city. From steep ramps to unpredictable foot traffic, he sheds light on the realities faced by wheelchair users daily. Thank you for taking the time to speak with us What other challenges do you face when today. To start, can you share your thoughts on moving around the city? accessibility in public spaces, particularly the Brioni platform in front of Ravnikar Palace? The biggest issue lately is sharing footpaths and pavements with e-scooter users, cyclists, and Thank you for having me. The Brioni platform is a even pedestrians who don’t pay attention. It great example of how something intended to be happens far too often that someone speeds past accessible can actually be the opposite. The me with no regard for my space, and there have ramp is too steep, making it unusable for even been times when I’ve been hit or knocked wheelchair users without an electric assistive over by e-scooters or bicycles. It’s really device. On top of that, the paving is completely dangerous. unsuitable—it’s damaged, and my wheelchair’s “ That’s why I avoid it. Places such as the Theatre Businesses shouldn’t be able to claim they’re small front wheels often get stuck in the cracks. and a lot of churches are still inaccessible to the necessary standards. wheelchair-friendly unless they actually meet people with disabilities due to inadequate infrastructure. What changes would you like to see in the In general, do you think the municipality is coming years? making progress in improving accessibility? I’d love to see stricter regulations on accessibility. Yes, I do see a genuine effort from the Businesses shouldn’t be able to claim they’re municipality. They are constantly working to wheelchair-friendly unless they actually meet the make public spaces more accessible, and some necessary standards. More attention should also major improvements have been made. For be given to the safety of footpaths, especially example, businesses in the city center have with the increasing number of e-scooters and recently started installing ramps over raised cyclists. And of course, accessibility should entrances, which is a big step forward. However, always be a priority when designing new public some places remain completely inaccessible, like spaces, so we don’t keep running into the same the Prešeren Theatre and many churches, due to problems. inadequate infrastructure. Thank you for sharing your experiences with us today. 6 1.2 Illuminating Obstacles A Deafblind Experience in Urban Life Luka navigates in Kranj with deafblindness. Through his experiences, he highlights the challenges faced by people like him in urban environments. Thank you for speaking with us today. Can you What difficulties do you face when using public share some of the challenges you face when transport? moving around the city at night? In Kranj, bus stations rely on audio At night, poor lighting makes it even harder for announcements, which makes it impossible for us to balance. Uneven pavements are already a us to get information. Many stops lack visual problem during the day, but in the dark, they’re timetables or displays showing when the bus will even more dangerous. The streetlights are too arrive. Also, high bus entrances can be a struggle far apart, and they don’t properly illuminate our for us due to balance issues. path. “ What about urban infrastructure? Are there Many of us have guide dogs, but certain enough places to rest? transport options don’t allow them, which limits our mobility even further. No, there aren’t enough benches or resting spots, which is frustrating when we get tired. High curbs are also a problem because they’re How do interactions with pedestrians and difficult to step onto with our balance cyclists affect you? impairments. People don’t realise we can’t hear them When you need assistance, is help easily approaching, so we often bump into each other. available? On shared footpaths and cycle lanes, this happens a lot, and it can be quite dangerous. Not always. Interpreters aren’t always available, and even when they are, they need to be well-lit. What is the biggest challenge for deafblind If they’re backlit, it makes it difficult for us to see individuals using transport? them clearly. Many of us have guide dogs, but certain Thank you for sharing your experiences. transport options don’t allow them, which limits our mobility even further. 7 1.3 Navigating Kranj A Blind Woman’s Journey Through Accessibility Challenges In this interview, Kaja, a blind resident of Kranj, shares the daily challenges she faces while navigating public spaces and using transport. Her experiences highlight the gaps in accessibility, from poorly marked pedestrian crossings to difficulties at bus stops. Kaja's story underscores the need for inclusive urban design that considers tactile and auditory cues, ensuring all city residents can move safely and independently. Thank you for joining us today. To start, can Have you had any close calls or accidents you describe what a typical day looks like for because of these missing features? you when navigating in Kranj? Yes, multiple times. I’ve had a car run over my Thank you for having me. My daily life is filled cane and break it while I was trying to cross the with challenges and risks at almost every step. road. I’ve even fallen into a construction hole Simple activities like walking down the street or because the site was unprotected, and no taking public transport require constant workers were present to assist me. There have attention and adaptation. One of the biggest also been situations where cars and vans are difficulties is the lack of tactile markers and clear parked on the pavement, forcing me to step onto paths for navigation. the road just to continue moving forward. Can you elaborate on the specific obstacles you “ face when walking in public areas? Many cycle paths and footpaths are not Absolutely. Many cycle paths and footpaths are where I should walk. Some paths are uneven properly separated, making it difficult to tell not properly separated, making it difficult to tell or covered with paving that isn’t suitable for where I should walk. Some paths are uneven or scanning with my cane. covered with paving that isn’t suitable for scanning with my cane. Then there are obstacles that my cane goes under, like low-hanging signs Public transport is another challenge you or branches, which I don’t detect until I hit them mentioned. What are some of the main with my upper body. These should have tactile difficulties you face when using buses and ground markings to warn of the hazard. trains? What about pedestrian crossings? Are they One of the biggest issues is getting on and off well-equipped to assist blind and visually the bus safely. If the driver doesn’t stop close impaired individuals? enough to the curb, I risk my cane falling between the gap or even stepping into empty Unfortunately, many pedestrian crossings lack space and getting injured. Bus stops also lack the necessary guide markings. Without these, I tactile markings and Braille signs, which has led can lose my way and accidentally continue onto to me waiting on the wrong side of the road and the road instead of the sidewalk. Another major missing my bus entirely. issue is traffic lights without audible signals, which leaves me unsure of when it’s safe to cross. 8 Are there any solutions that could help improve accessibility? Yes, many of these problems have solutions! More tactile ground markings would help indicate hazards like steps, crossings, and obstacles. Audible signals at traffic lights, elevators, and sliding doors would also make a huge difference. Right now, some elevators don’t announce their doors opening or what floor they’re on, which makes it confusing. Similarly, sliding doors are tricky because they lack handles or sound cues to let me know where they are. “ I’ve had a car run over my cane and break it while I was trying to cross the road. I’ve even fallen into a construction hole because the site was unprotected, and no workers were present to assist me. It sounds like simple modifications could make a huge impact. If you had one message for city planners and public transport authorities, what would it be? I’d urge them to think beyond just visual solutions. Accessibility isn’t just about ramps or signs—it’s about tactile and auditory cues too. A well-designed city should be inclusive for everyone, including those of us who rely on touch and sound to navigate. Thank you for sharing your experiences. 9 Chapter 2 Case Studies from Vantaa, Finland Vantaa is the fourth largest city in Finland by 2025). One of Vantaa’s key districts is Myyrmäki, population, with approximately 251,000 which houses the large Myyrmanni shopping inhabitants. Nearly 23% of its residents speak a complex. With a population of 52,267, Myyrmäki language other than Finnish or Swedish as their is the most populous area in Vantaa. However, mother tongue. Situated in the Uusimaa region, the district has faced challenges regarding safety, Vantaa is a part of the Helsinki Metropolitan currently being regarded as Vantaa’s most Area, comprised of seven major districts and 61 dangerous district (Vantaa 2024). city neighborhoods. Home to Finland’s only international airport, Vantaa boasts a diverse economy and excellent transportation links (Vantaa, 2025). Amid its urban landscape, Vantaa also offers green spaces. Recognised for its forward-thinking initiatives, Vantaa was named Europe’s Rising Innovative City in 2021, thanks to efforts in carbon neutrality and social innovations. The city is committed to being a bold and appealing leader in sustainability (ibid, Vantaa Figure 2: Location of Vantaa (Source: Aleš Švigej (2025). Position of Kranj [Computer sketch]). 10 2.1 Senior's Insight Navigating Today’s Challenges in Vantaa Aada is a senior resident of Myyrmäki, Vantaa, who shares her experiences navigating the area's evolving landscape. She discusses the conveniences of transport connections and nearby services, while highlighting concerns about safety, accessibility, and the vanishing green spaces. Thank you for joining us, Aada. You visit this What about the environment and public area regularly, how do you feel about it? spaces? I come here often for the health centre, There used to be more green areas, but now shopping, and pensioners' meetings. The they’ve disappeared under construction. We transport connections are good, and most need more trees, benches, and trash bins. The services are close by. But the area has changed a area around Myyrmanni feels untidy, with too lot over the years, and not always for the better. much litter and unfinished projects. Also, many banking services are disappearing, which is What concerns you the most? difficult for seniors like me. Safety is a big issue. I don’t feel comfortable “ walking alone in the evenings, especially near the It’s getting harder to move around. station and the Myyrmanni shopping centre. Overpasses and underpasses are being There are disturbances even during the day— replaced with crosswalks, which makes it windows have been broken, and I know of an more difficult. The green light at crosswalks is elderly woman who was robbed in broad too short for people with mobility issues. daylight. There are too many people drinking outside, and drug dealing happens openly near the station. It feels much safer to move around in What personal challenges have you faced in a group. the area? How is mobility and accessibility in the area? The bus station also lacks shelter from rain and wind, and there aren’t enough places to sit. It’s getting harder to move around. Overpasses These little things make everyday life harder. and underpasses are being replaced with crosswalks, which makes it more difficult. The Thank you for sharing your experiences. green light at crosswalks is too short for people with mobility issues. On the other hand, I do appreciate the flashing pedestrian warning lights. Public transport is convenient, but in winter, the sidewalks are dangerously slippery. 11 2.2 Pathways to Integration A Migrant Woman's Journey in Vantaa In this interview, we sit down with Layla, a migrant woman from Tikkurila, Vantaa, who tells us about her journey using the services of the Uusimaa TE Office. The TE Office helps people find work. Layla's story highlights the crucial role this institution plays in her integration process, helping her to build a new life through education and employment opportunities. Thank you for joining us today, Layla. Can you would significantly help. tell us about your experiences with the TE Office in Vantaa and why it's such an important In terms of navigating the area, how did you service for you? find the traffic and general layout? Of course. As an immigrant woman, the TE Office The traffic in the area is quite busy, with many is crucial for me. It's where my integration plan is cars and buses. I noticed that buses, taxis, and created, and I receive guidance on pursuing cars seem to drive somewhat chaotically near studies and finding employment. These services the bus station. The crosswalk leading to the are essential as I work to build a new life here. shopping centre is poorly marked, which can make it difficult and unsafe for pedestrians. Have you faced any challenges in accessing these services? “ As an immigrant woman, the TE Office is Yes, finding the TE Office was quite challenging crucial for me. It's where my integration plan is initially. There weren’t any signs directing me created, and I receive guidance on pursuing there, and the logo on the building is small and studies and finding employment. These services placed high up, making it hard to see. Plus, there are essential as I work to build a new life here. were logos of other companies on the windows, which added to my confusion. The office is also on the fifth floor, while other employment I can see how that would be a challenge. You services are on the ground floor, which made it mentioned some aspects that were convenient even more confusing at first. or reassuring. Can you share more about that? Were there other accessibility issues you Sure, getting there by train or bus is quite easy, encountered? which is a plus. However, parking is a challenge since almost all spaces are paid and often full. One major issue is the lack of English During the day, I feel quite safe in the area with instructions. In both the TE Office building and people around, security guards, and daylight. But the surrounding areas like the Dixi shopping it’s a different situation at night. centre and train station, all the signs are in Finnish and Swedish. As someone who is still learning these languages, having signs in English 12 What concerns do you have about being in the area during the evening? The station area feels quite restless in the evenings. I've noticed, and heard from friends, that youth can be disruptive, and there are often intoxicated individuals around, which makes it feel unsafe. Vandalism, thefts, and fights have been issues, so I prefer not to be alone there after dark. with people around, security guards, and “ During the day, I feel quite safe in the area daylight. But it’s a different situation at night. That's understandable. Based on your experiences, do you have suggestions for improving accessibility and safety at the TE Office? Absolutely. Increasing the visibility of the TE Office logo would be a great start, making it easier to find. I would also appreciate having a lobby service in the building. Many of us visit frequently because our Finnish language skills need to be excellent to handle matters from home. Signs placed at strategic locations, like corners leading from the station, would also be helpful. Introducing some free parking spaces for TE clients could benefit those of us who come by car. Additionally, better marking of the crosswalks near the station could enhance pedestrian safety. Moreover, having signs in English and ensuring consistent interpreter services would greatly improve accessibility for the immigrant community. Thank you, Layla, for sharing your experiences and suggestions. 13 2.3 Transforming Spaces An Autistic Perspective on Urban Accessibility In this interview, Joni, who is on the autism spectrum, shares his firsthand experiences of navigating the Kivis shopping centre and the bus station. Through his unique perspective, Joni highlights the challenges he faces, from environmental stressors to inadequacies in safety and signage. He offers thoughtful suggestions for creating a more welcoming and accessible environment, emphasising the profound impact such improvements can have on well-being and urban experience. Thank you for joining us today, Joni. Can you signs for elevators and exits, but they don't really share your experiences when traveling around catch my attention. This might be because of the Kivis shopping centre and the bus station? how people on the autism spectrum, like me, perceive space. I actually prefer verbal signs as Sure. Traveling that route can be quite maps just don't make sense to me. Moreover, challenging, especially during winter. I find that the existing signs are small, high up, and not in icy roads significantly increase my anxiety and the most convenient locations. stress levels. For someone on the autism spectrum like me, such stressors can have a “ profound effect on well-being. Even the sand and Honestly, it feels cold, bleak, and grey to me. I gravel used on the roads can be irritating when it think it would be much more inviting with gets into my shoes. colourful paintings, vibrant signs, and an overall brighter visual appearance. What about your observations at the bus station specifically? Do you have any thoughts on safety at the At the station entrances, particularly at station? Keimolantie and Topaasiaukio, I've noticed a lot of bird droppings on the escalators and glass Yes, I believe more surveillance cameras and shards around the platform area. Vandalism is better visibility would enhance safety. Active quite noticeable, with grey tape covering glass security patrols on the platform would also help. panels on the escalators for months. It makes While security guards are present sometimes, me question both the safety and the overall they mostly seem to stay at the entrance tops or comfort of the area. outside, which doesn't help much on the platforms. How do you feel about the platform area's environment? Do you have suggestions for improvements? Honestly, it feels cold, bleak, and grey to me. I Certainly. Clearer responsibilities for winter think it would be much more inviting with maintenance would help. The station could also colourful paintings, vibrant signs, and an overall be brightened up with colours and paintings, brighter visual appearance. It could really change maybe involving local schools and the Mosaiikki how one perceives the space. multicultural space in designing these changes. More train schedule displays and signs at You mentioned signs. How do you find the shopping centre entrances would also be current signage at the station? beneficial. The signage could be improved. There are backlit Thank you, Joni. 14 Chapter 3 Case Studies from Kiel, Germany Gaarden, located on the east bank of Kiel, is a its public perception. Notable issues include large district with over 18,000 residents, more alcoholism, drug addiction, domestic violence, than 60 percent of whom have a migration widespread poverty, poor health outcomes, and background. Historically a working-class area, a particularly high unemployment rate. The Gaarden is favoured for its close proximity to the unemployment rate exceeds 13 percent, with 37 city center and the fjord, along with its green percent of residents relying on basic income spaces and bustling local shopping areas around support (Landeshauptstadt Kiel, 2024; Kreislere the pedestrian-friendly "Vinetaplatz." This & Davies, no year,). dynamic square offers market stalls and street cafés, complemented by a pedestrian area on "Elisabeth Street." The district is also home to a burgeoning cultural and creative scene. The architectural landscape includes early 20th- century buildings, post-war public housing, and newly constructed residential complexes. While Gaarden has its advantages, it struggles with socio-economic challenges that have impacted Kiel Figure 3: Location of Kiel (Source: Aleš Švigej (2025). Position of Kranj [Computer sketch]). 15 3.1 Rolling Through Life Jens's Journey of Advocacy and Community in Kiel-Gaarden In the neighborhood of Kiel-Gaarden, Jens stands as a testamony to resilience, advocacy, and community spirit. Having navigated life in a wheelchair since birth, he has become a beacon of hope and support within his community. As a volunteer at a local family and children's center, Jens reflects on the evolution of accessibility in Gaarden, discusses the challenges that remain, and shares his hopes for the future. Through his work and personal experiences, Jens illustrates the ongoing journey towards creating a more inclusive and compassionate environment for all residents. Jens, thank you for joining us today. Can you the laughter of children playing well into the tell us a bit about how Gaarden has evolved in evening. Now, it feels unsafe for them to do so. terms of accessibility? The sense of community and safety we once took for granted has shifted, and part of my work Certainly. It’s been a long journey. Two decades is trying to restore that. ago, the idea of accessibility in Gaarden was almost non-existent. The buses didn’t have “ ramps, and the streets felt like an Two decades ago, the idea of accessibility insurmountable challenge. However, I have seen in Gaarden was almost non-existent. The commendable improvements over the years. buses didn’t have ramps, and the streets felt Now, ramps are much more common, which has like an insurmountable challenge. However, I made a huge difference for wheelchair users like have seen commendable improvements over myself. the years. Despite these improvements, you have mentioned there are still some dangers on the Having lived with your disability from birth, streets for those in wheelchairs. Could you how do you connect with those who are newly elaborate on these challenges? adjusting to physical limitations? Yes, the streets can still be quite perilous. The I feel it’s crucial to support one another, main issue lies with drivers not being fully aware especially when facing new challenges. My of pedestrians in wheelchairs. We are lower to disability has been a lifelong journey, but for the ground and, unfortunately, easier to those who find themselves navigating these overlook. This lack of visibility can be dangerous waters suddenly, due to accidents or aging, it’s a when navigating our bustling streets. massive life adjustment. I try to be there, to offer a helping hand, and to share knowledge that can Beyond physical infrastructure, you have also ease their transition. spoken about a shift in the community's sense of safety. How has this change impacted the neighbourhood? Well, it’s been disheartening to see. There was a time when the streets of Gaarden were filled with 16 Regarding the development in Gaarden, particularly the discussions around trams, you have voiced unique concerns. Can you share more about your apprehensions? My concern primarily revolves around the potential danger trams could pose, especially for those of us in wheelchairs. The thought of getting my wheels caught in the tramlines is quite frightening. While trams could bring congestion relief, for wheelchair users, they introduce a new set of hazards that cannot be overlooked. Despite these hurdles, you have remained committed to your volunteer work and advocacy. What drives you to continue your efforts in the community? It’s all about fostering a sense of togetherness. I deeply believe in the power of community and unity. My aim is to contribute to creating a safer, more inclusive environment for everyone in Gaarden. We have made progress, but there is always more work to be done. My experiences have shown me that change is possible when we come together with compassion and understanding. Jens, thank you for sharing your perspectives and for your tireless work in building a stronger, more inclusive Gaarden. 17 3.2 Glimpse into Gaarden Through Vika's Eyes Embracing the Complex Tapestry of Urban Life In today’s discussion, we explore the multifaceted life in Gaarden from the perspective of Vika, a 38-year-old Armenian who has found a home to this diverse neighbourhood. Having lived here for six years with her two children, Vika offers a insight into the daily life of Gaarden. Vika, thank you for joining us today. To get Living in a diverse neighbourhood can have its started, could you share your thoughts on own unique dynamics. How do you navigate Gaarden and what you find unique about this the multicultural tapestry of Gaarden, place? especially with neighbours from various backgrounds? Absolutely. Gaarden holds a special place in my heart for many reasons. The closeness to the city Gaarden’s diversity is one of its strengths. Living center, the beach, and the feeling of community among people from different cultures has been here are invaluable. Despite the challenges, such enriching for both me and my children. We learn as the drug problems and trash, there is a sense from each other, celebrate our differences, and of belonging and resilience that I deeply often find common ground. The key is open appreciate. communication and respect. It’s easy to meet people here, and there’s a sense of familiarity How do you see the community centres and warmth in those interactions. influencing children's social lives and activities, particularly in urban areas like Gaarden? Safety and discrimination are significant concerns in any community. You have They are incredibly important. The community mentioned feeling safe and not experiencing center offers a safe and nurturing space for kids discrimination in Gaarden. Do you think this is to grow, learn, and play. It's where they build reflective of the community’s overall friendships and learn social skills that are crucial atmosphere? in life. For parents and guardians, it's a supportive environment to discuss concerns and Yes, I do. I have always felt safe here, and my share experiences. experiences with discrimination have been “ minimal. Of course, there is always room for improvement, but Gaarden’s inclusive nature Finding a job was a challenge, but I makes it a welcoming place for everyone. There managed through determination and available was an incident where a stranger tried to harm resources. Gaarden offers various me, and it was actually a drug user from our organisations and community courses aimed community who stepped in to help. It’s moments at helping women gain education, degrees, like these that remind me of the good in people and certificates, which is fantastic. here. 18 Finding employment and educational opportunities are critical aspects of settling into a new place. How was this process for you, and what resources were available? Finding a job was a challenge, but I managed through determination and available resources. Gaarden offers various organisations and community courses aimed at helping women gain education, degrees, and certificates, which is fantastic. It’s empowering to see such support for personal and professional growth. Living among people from different cultures “ Gaarden’s diversity is one of its strengths. has been enriching for both me and my children. Lastly, you have mentioned your concerns about public cleanliness and your desire for Gaarden's future improvement. What changes do you hope to see in the coming years? My biggest wish is for a shift in mindset regarding public cleanliness. The trash problem detracts from Gaarden’s beauty and can easily be managed if people are more mindful. I hope for continued investment in community spaces, education, and infrastructure, making Gaarden an even better place to live. I am optimistic about the future and excited to be part of this community’s growth. Vika, we appreciate your insights and the time you have taken to share your experiences with us. 19 3.3 Voices from Gaarden Louise´s Reflections on Community Life and Changes Louise, an elderly lady with three decades of residence in Gaarden and a decade of work in social projects within the area, shares her in-depth observations and experiences. She delves into the challenges of daily life, the evolving community dynamics, and her unwavering commitment to the neighbourhood. Hi Louise, thank you very much for your time. unless we patronise a business, and that is not Having lived in Gaarden for over 30 years, you always feasible for everyone. This lack of have witnessed significant changes. Could you accessible public restrooms is definitely a begin by sharing your thoughts on the current drawback for residents and visitors alike. especially concerning Schulstrasse? Gaarden is lively, diverse, and, most Thank you for having me. Indeed, parking has importantly, it has soul. I love the authenticity and unity here. Plus, being able to help and be become a significant challenge, especially on part of this community is deeply fulfilling for Schulstrasse. Finding a spot can take up to half me. “ parking and pedestrian infrastructure, an hour, which is inconvenient for everyone. Moreover, on snowy days, the focus seems to be more on clearing paths for bicycles than for You talked about the diversity in Gaarden, pedestrians, which complicates mobility for highlighting the immigrant background of half walkers. the district’s inhabitants. How do you see this diversity shaping the community? As we discuss daily challenges, you had also mentioned concerns about the presence of The diversity here is one of Gaarden's strengths. individuals under the influence of substances Despite our backgrounds, people live side by at bus stations. How does this impact the side and contribute equally to the community. community's sense of safety? We see a peaceful coexistence with minimal hate or discrimination-related crimes, which speaks While those individuals might not be inherently volumes about the harmony in Gaarden. dangerous, their presence, alongside the visible trash and belongings, contributes to a feeling of The commercial landscape in Gaarden seems unease among residents and visitors. It reflects dominated by businesses owned by various broader issues of substance abuse and ethnicities. What impact do you believe this has homelessness in our community. on the community? The issue of public restrooms, or the lack These businesses cater to the community by thereof, seems to be another concern you’ve offering affordable options, which is crucial given raised. How do you see this affecting daily life the economic constraints many residents face. in Gaarden? Though it is sad to see a decline in German- owned businesses, this shift underlines the It's quite problematic. The city’s decision to sell changing demographics and economic realities off public toilets has left us with few options in Gaarden. 20 With a high turnover of residents, how do you education in Germany. It’s crucial that all think this affects the community's investment children, especially those from immigrant in the neighbourhood? families, attend school regularly to secure better futures for themselves. It is a challenge. Many people move to Gaarden for the affordable rent but leave as soon as their Louise, thank you for offering such an financial situation improves. This transient insightful glimpse into life in Gaarden through nature means fewer people are investing in the your eyes. Your dedication to the community is community's long-term wellbeing, which can truly inspiring. hinder collective efforts to enact positive changes. As an advocate for community improvement, you have noted efforts to attract local artists to the area. How do you see these initiatives transforming Gaarden? It’s a beautiful development. Artists bring creativity and a sense of community, working together to enrich our neighbourhood. Their presence helps counteract less desirable businesses like casinos and injects a positive, vibrant energy into Gaarden. Despite the challenges, you have chosen to stay in Gaarden. What keeps you rooted in this community? Gaarden is lively, diverse, and, most importantly, it has soul. I love the authenticity and unity here. Plus, being able to help and be part of this community is deeply fulfilling for me. strengths. Despite our backgrounds, people “The diversity here is one of Gaarden's live side by side and contribute equally to the community. Looking forward, what changes do you hope to see in Gaarden, particularly regarding education? The most significant change I hope for is increased support and encouragement for parents to understand the importance of 21 Chapter 4 Case Studies from Bydgozcz, Poland Bydgoszcz is a major city in northern Poland, serving has improved, though it is not yet comprehensive. as a co-capital of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province Many sidewalks and public buildings feature ramps alongside the historic city of Toruń. With a and lifts, but older districts, particularly those with population of approximately 330,000 Bydgoszcz is a preserved pre-war or early 20th-century bustling urban hub located at the meeting point of architecture, are not fully compliant with modern the Brda and Vistula rivers, as well as being accessibility standards. Narrow sidewalks, occasional traversed by the historic Bydgoszcz Canal (Kazimierz absence of tactile paving, and inconsistent signage Wielki University, 2025). Its strategic location, midway can create difficulties for visually impaired and between Warsaw and the Baltic Sea, enhances its mobility-challenged individuals. Following Russia’s importance for transport, commerce, and logistics. invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Poland Historically, Bydgoszcz has been a pivotal center for became a key destination for Ukrainian refugees, trade and industry, and it continues to play a vital accommodating nearly a million by early 2025 economic in the region today. The recently (Wikipedia, 2025). Bydgoszcz currently shelters renovated Mill Island, nestled in the city center, about 10,000 refugees from Ukraine, mostly serves as a prominent cultural and recreational area comprising women, children, and the elderly. In favored by locals and tourists alike. The city boasts terms of safety, Bydgoszcz is largely considered a more than 970 hectares of green spaces, including secure city. Crime rates have decreased over the parks, forests, and botanical gardens, positioning it past ten years, with public areas, especially around as one of Poland's greenest urban areas. Despite the Old Town, Mill Island, and shopping districts, these advantages, Bydgoszcz faces challenges in being well-monitored and illuminated. However, accessibility. Urban sprawl and suburbanization some outlying residential neighborhoods may face have increased reliance on car traffic. Although higher levels of vandalism and social exclusion, often progress has been made in developing cycling paths due to historical underinvestment or socioeconomic and enhancing public transport with modern low- challenges (ibid, 2025). The city government has floor trams and buses, some suburban districts still initiated various revitalisation programs aimed at lack easy access to the city center. The integration of improving living conditions and fostering social railway services into the city's transport framework is cohesion in these areas. Additionally, numerous a work in progress, especially around the educational and cultural initiatives have been modernised main railway station, Bydgoszcz Główna. launched to prevent social isolation and enhance the Accessibility for individuals with reduced mobility well-being of senior residents (ibid, 2025). Bydgoszcz Figure 4: Location of Bydgoszczl (Source: Aleš Švigej (2025). Position of Kranj [Computer sketch]). 22 4.1 Journey with Asperger’s An IT Student’s Journey with Asperger’s in Bydgoszcz In this interview, we speak with Damian, a 22-year-old IT student, who shares his journey of adapting to urban life while managing the challenges associated with Asperger's syndrome. From the comfort of his university campus to the overwhelming environment of the city center, Damian offers a look into his experiences and the strategies that help him navigate the complexities of city living. Thank you for joining us today, Damian. Can overwhelming. I wear noise-cancelling you tell us about your move to Bydgoszcz and headphones to cope, blending in with others how it has impacted your life? who do the same. I come from a small town near Bydgoszcz and What strategies do you use to navigate the city? moved here at the age of 19 to start my studies. With my official diagnosis of Asperger's I save important places as pins on my syndrome, I was able to secure a place in the smartphone map and keep photos of key dormitory, which was lifesaving for me. Without buildings in a folder on my phone. When I go to it, I don't know if I could have lived in another city familiar places, it's easier. But if my routine at all. changes, like taking a different route with friends, I can feel anxious. A few trusted friends know What challenges do you face with living in the about my challenges and offer support if city? needed. One of my biggest challenges is orientation. As a What do you think could be improved in public child, I would often get lost, even on familiar spaces for people like you? routes. This issue has persisted into adulthood, and it's my number one concern about comfort We need accurate, clear information in public and safety in the city. spaces. For example, if a large building has multiple entrances, event details should specify public spaces. For example, if a large building “ which entrance to use. And if a room or elevator We need accurate, clear information in is out of order, there should be a notice. Also, some intersections lack street name signs, which has multiple entrances, event details should can be confusing. specify which entrance to use. Have you found any spaces in the city that help you feel more comfortable? How does life on campus compare to the city center? Yes, green spaces like parks are very helpful. They're quiet and peaceful, which allows me to Life on campus is much easier. Everything I need relax and calm my thoughts during stressful —the faculty building, laboratories, and sports moments. Bydgoszcz has many such places, hall—is close by and well-marked with signs and which is great. arrows. I don't have to use public transport since I can walk everywhere. The city center, with its Thank you for sharing your experiences, heavy traffic, crowds, noise, and lights, can be Damian. 23 4.2 Embracing Change Milena’s Reflections on Life in Bydgoszcz’s Historic Centre Milena is a 71-year-old retired nurse who has witnessed the dynamic evolution of Bydgoszcz’s old centre. In this interview, Milena shares her perspective on the changes that have shaped her neighborhood, balancing tradition with modernity. From the bustling market square to the daily challenges faced by seniors, Milena offers thoughtful insights into the area's transformation while cherishing its enduring charm. Thank you for sharing your story with us today, cane, easier for older people. I also appreciate Milena. As someone who has lived in various the free public transport for seniors— it’s districts of Bydgoszcz, what draws you back to convenient for getting around or attending the old centre? lectures at the University of the Third Age. The old centre is where my roots are. Despite “ the changes and rise of modern supermarkets, Many older people feel more comfortable the market square remains a bustling hub. You paying with cash, instead of card payments. I can buy a variety of things, and there’s a lovely only started using a card during the pandemic atmosphere as you chat with the vendors. Many myself. older people feel more comfortable paying with cash, instead of card payments. I only started using a card during the pandemic myself. What about safety in the neighborhood—has that changed over time? It sounds like a vibrant place rich in history and community. How do you feel about the There's definitely been a positive change. There changes the neighborhood has undergone? are fewer disruptive behaviors and less petty crime. Whether it's due to people maturing or I feel comfortable and safe here, although it’s better police supervision, the area feels much become more anonymous with many flats being safer now. rented and neighbors changing often, leading to fewer relationships. Another issue is the lack of If you could improve one thing in the old elevators in older buildings. In Bydgoszcz and centre, what would it be? Poland in general, many four or five-floor buildings lack elevators. No one anticipated that I would improve the maintenance of city lighting; the population would age or that people with not all street lamps function, making it easy to fall disabilities would need better mobility options. in the dark. More public toilets would also be beneficial, similar to the one at our market Have you noticed improvements in the area square. that make daily life easier for you? Thank you, Milena, for your insights into life in Yes, absolutely. Streets and pavements have Bydgoszcz’s historic centre. improved, with more greenery and fewer obstacles. This makes walking, especially with a 24 4.3 Balancing Safety and Community A Mother's Perspective on Life in the City Agata is a 34-year-old stay-at-home mom with a background in social rehabilitation. In this interview, she shares her insights and concerns about the changing landscape of her city. While Agata generally feels safe, she highlights underlying issues that disrupt her peace of mind, from neighborhood challenges to infrastructure concerns. Thank you for joining us today, Agata. How infrastructure. Plus, I rarely see municipal police would you describe the safety in your city? in the area, and I’m not even sure if there are patrols around. I generally feel safe, but sometimes it's just an illusion. As I step out of my old tenement Despite these challenges, do you also notice building, there's occasionally a sense that positive changes, especially in play areas. Can something's off. While thefts from stairwells are you tell us more? rare, incidents like basement break-ins and homeless people sleeping in stairwells do Certainly. The condition of children's happen, as my neighbors have shared. Recently, playgrounds has improved. Play equipment is someone even stole food from a neighbor's now more suitable for young kids, and many door. surfaces have soft foam to cushion falls. Some “ playgrounds even have equipment accessible to As a mother and a woman, I want to feel children in wheelchairs. Such inclusivity is confident and secure at all times. That's the extraordinary for us parents, and it might help goal, and I see changes happening. With a reduce barriers to social interaction in the future. little more time, it should get even better. How do you feel overall about the changes in your city? How do these situations affect your day-to-day life, especially as a young mother? Things are improving, particularly along the Brda River with renovated walking trails, guard rails, In my building, we don't really know one another, and benches. It's safer and more pleasant for so I never let my child outside alone. I'm always walks with my child. Overall, things are looking there to supervise them at the yard, playground, up, but there's still a way to go. As a mother and or during walks. a woman, I want to feel confident and secure at all times. That's the goal, and I see changes Beyond personal interactions, what other happening. With a little more time, it should get issues concern you in your neighborhood? even better. Infrastructure is a significant concern. Uneven Thank you for sharing your experiences and sidewalks, broken benches, litter, and uncleaned insights, Agata. dog waste make it uncomfortable. It's disturbing how little regard there is for public 25 Chapter 5 Case Studies from Granada, Spain Nestled in southern Spain, within the the University of Granada ranked among the top Autonomous Community of Andalusia, lies the 3% of universities worldwide. Despite its many city of Granada, home to approximately 230,000 attractions, Granada faces significant challenges, residents. This city is a major tourist magnet, particularly concerning accessibility and safety. attracting 6.7 million visitors in 2024—a 4.4% The city’s mountainous terrain results in steep, increase from the previous year (Granada Hoy, sloping streets, notably in historic 2025). A key draw is the iconic Alhambra and neighborhoods like the Albaicín, posing Generalife Monumental Complex, a World difficulties for those with reduced mobility. Many Heritage Site, which stands as one of Spain's of Granada’s narrow and cobbled streets present most visited landmarks. Besides from the additional hurdles. These lanes can be Alhambra Granadas offers way more. Rich in problematic for wheelchair users or those with history, it was the last city to fall to the Catholic strollers, as uneven cobblestones impede Monarchs in 1492, leaving an enduring Arab smooth passage. Many buildings and influence evident in its crafts and urban monuments do not have ramps or elevators, landscape. Gastronomically, Granada is famed restricting access. for its tapas, and its cultural scene. Granada is also celebrated for its academic excellence, with Granada Figure 5: Location of Granadal (Source: Aleš Švigej (2025). Position of Kranj [Computer sketch]). 26 5.1 Enhancing Accessibility Elena's Perspective on Life Around Granada's Cathedral Elena, who is from Granada, shares her experiences of the city's accessibility. As an academic, she draws on her academic knowledge and her experiences in Granada. Can you elaborate on your feeling of safety in and Braille maps, along with accessible seating the area? and rest areas along routes, would significantly enhance accessibility. It is also crucial to The sense of safety in the area around the measure street noise and explore ways to Cathedral of Granada tends to be high due to reduce it for a calmer environment. constant police presence and well-lit streets, both during the day with sunlight and at night Could you specify some "dangers" on the with streetlights. Additionally, the high tourist streets for people with walking disabilities or activity and vibrant atmosphere, with shops, those in wheelchairs? restaurants, and cafes, enhance this feeling of safety. The cobblestoned streets around the Cathedral “ present significant challenges for people in wheelchairs or with walking difficulties, due to Clear and visible signage is vital, indicating the uneven surfaces. Uneven terrain, potholes, accessible routes, services, and points of and cracks in pavements pose serious tripping interest, with large text and high contrast for hazards and increase the risk of falls. Moreover, improved comprehension. the inclined streets of Granada, characteristic of its topography, can be particularly challenging for individuals with reduced mobility. Entrances to Are there any strategies or tools to help you some historic buildings and shops lack ramps, make the environment more accessible for limiting accessibility, while curb edges without you? ramps create obstacles for crossing streets. The terraces of cafes and restaurants often encroach To make the environment around the Cathedral on pavements, reducing essential space for of Granada more accessible, several strategies pedestrian traffic. Narrow streets, which might and tools can be implemented to address the also experience vehicular traffic, and a lack of needs of people with physical, sensory, and clear signage to indicate accessible routes and cognitive disabilities. These could include safe crossing areas further contribute to these installing ramps at key points to aid access and challenges. egress for those in wheelchairs or with reduced mobility and ensuring these ramps are non-slip. Clear and visible signage is vital, indicating accessible routes, services, and points of interest, with large text and high contrast for improved comprehension. Additionally, tactile 27 Could you share your thoughts on the current parking and pedestrian infrastructure in the area? Although there are reserved parking spaces for people with disabilities near the Cathedral, the availability is very limited, especially during peak tourist seasons. Additionally, car access is complicated due to narrow streets and traffic restrictions. Nearby parking facilities exist, although they can be expensive and difficult to reach on foot. While pedestrian areas have seen improvements in accessibility, issues with irregular surfaces, obstacles on pavements, and poor signage persist in certain areas. “ Uneven terrain, potholes, and cracks in pavements pose serious tripping hazards and increase the risk of falls. Could you explain what makes the area special for you? The aspects that make this area special are the vibrant atmosphere and cultural history of Granada. From certain points around the Cathedral, one can enjoy impressive views of the Alhambra and the Sierra Nevada mountains, creating a visually striking environment. What changes do you hope to see in the coming years? I hope that in the coming years, the area will become more accessible to people with disabilities while maintaining its cultural richness and welcoming atmosphere. 28 5.2 Navigating Heritage Enhancing Accessibility in Granada's Cathedral Area Hugo is an accessibility advocate. As a neurodiverse local of Granada, he brings personal insights and professional expertise to our conversation about Granada. He discusses the current safety and accessibility landscape and identifies ongoing challenges. Can you elaborate on your feeling of safety in children. the area? Could you share your thoughts on the current It is a very safe area throughout the day, as it is parking and pedestrian infrastructure in the usually crowded with people, mainly tourists area? strolling around the Cathedral and patrons of the local establishments like bars and shops. In this area, unrestricted vehicle access is not Additionally, there is usually a strong police allowed, and the majority of streets around the presence. Cathedral are pedestrianized, which is positive for pedestrian traffic. There is a nearby public which can be overwhelming for the elderly and families with children. Could you explain what makes the area special “ Certain streets also have limited space, belonging to local hotels. parking facility and at least one parking area for you? Are there any strategies or tools to help you to It is an area of great monumental value with a make the environment/area more accessible lively atmosphere throughout the year. It is for you? pleasant to stroll through the area at any time of the year to enjoy Granada's rich heritage, as well Certainly. The ramp that facilitates entry to the as the abundance of shops, restaurants, and Cathedral and a high level of signage are key bars. components in improving accessibility. What changes do you hope to see in the Could you specify some "dangers" on the coming years? streets for people with walking disabilities or those in wheelchairs? It is necessary to promote the accessibility of the area, making it easier for people with mobility The main hazards include the stairs in Plaza de issues to access the Cathedral without having to las Pasiegas and at the access to Calle Oficios take a significant detour, as it is one of the city’s from Gran Vía, one of the main streets. These main monuments. Additionally, considering that require people with disabilities to take a other groups such as families with young significant detour to access the Cathedral. children, people on the autistic spectrum, or Additionally, the cobblestones on the streets seniors require more space to avoid feeling surrounding the Cathedral make navigation overwhelmed, it would be interesting to try to difficult for those with reduced mobility. Certain limit the gentrification of the area, which, due to streets also have limited space, which can be architectural barriers, does not leave as much overwhelming for the elderly and families with space as it should for pedestrian traffic. 29 5.3 Cultivating Community Clara's Vision for a Vibrant and Accessible Granada Clara, a local resident, shares her perspective on the vibrant area surrounding the Cathedral of Granada. She discusses her experiences of safety, accessibility and cultural richness in this iconic neighbourhood. She also highlights the current challenges, such as issues with pedestrian flow and infrastructure. Can you elaborate on your feeling of safety in feelings of risk. Moreover, better management of the area? pedestrian flows, traffic, and tourist activity could bring more order to the area. Measuring and My perception of the sense of safety in the area addressing noise levels would also help, as is high, however sometimes I feel a lack of safety excessive noise can significantly distort the when there are too many people in the area. environment. Finally, including staff to facilitate When there are groups of tourists or a very high the flow of people and answer questions from influx of tourists, along with people offering passersby could greatly contribute to a more services and coupled with the thought that there organized and accessible community space. might be people taking advantage of this “ situation to commit theft (common situations in tourist areas) leads me to feel less secure and In my opinion, several strategies could stay alert. Additionally, the presence of people enhance accessibility. To prevent possible to be alert, thus not relaxed, which would be deterrents, while informing visitors on how to typical under a sense of safety. securely carry items like bags and mobile This comment is considering that I have no phones can further alleviate concerns. offering services also makes me feel that I need installing cameras would serve as effective thefts, increasing police presence and mobility difficulties, and that I am a local (i.e., there is no cultural barrier). I think that this kind of feeling of insecurity and lack of orientation Could you specify some "dangers" on the (due to too many people, noise, movement...) streets for people with walking disabilities or can affect much more and significantly with any those in wheelchairs? person with some difficulty. In this area, there are quite a few "hazards" or Are there any strategies or tools to help you to limitations for people with mobility difficulties. make the environment/area more accessible For example, slippery pavements (due to the for you? type of material used and its wear). The pavement also presents irregularities or different In my opinion, several strategies could enhance types of pieces or stones that hinder the use of accessibility. To prevent possible thefts, wheelchairs or any similar support. On the increasing police presence and installing ground, there are often steps and there is no cameras would serve as effective deterrents, colour contrast, which, in addition to being a while informing visitors on how to securely carry limitation for wheelchair users or similar, is also a items like bags and mobile phones can further limitation for people with vision difficulties. I think alleviate concerns. Indeed, the actual number of there is a lack of ramp alternatives and handrails thefts is relatively low, but providing information to facilitate the transit of wheelchair users or on this could help reduce any unnecessary similar. This I consider the main limitation. 30 Could you share your thoughts on the current (a better regulation of tourist rental apartments), parking and pedestrian infrastructure in the which could result in avoiding groups of tourists area? that create disturbances in the area. I hope that there will be progress in providing more efficient In my opinion, the current parking infrastructure transportation alternatives to reach the area for is deficient. There are too few options and are both visitors and residents in the metropolitan expensive. This is a consequence of the large area of the city. Also, an improvement in facilities influx of people to this area (due to residence, that make the area more accessible for people work, studies, tourists...). It is also a consequence with any type of difficulty, whether physical, of many residents in this area and in the psychological, sensory, etc. metropolitan area of Granada not having other alternatives (that are functional) to get to the centre of Granada, as they opt to use their car. I suppose that in the coming years, this trend will change, in the sense that other public transportation alternatives (that are perceived as more efficient) will be offered and can be used instead of private transport. “ I think that in the coming years, traffic in the area will be reduced and will be restricted to more environmentally friendly vehicles. Could you explain what makes the area special for you? In my personal opinion, the most relevant aspects of the area are its beauty and cultural, historical significance, as well as the social, multicultural, and "lively" atmosphere of the area. It is a very representative and emblematic part of the city. It is always nice to take a walk around this area, at any time of the year or on special dates such as Christmas or other holidays. There is always a good atmosphere, activities, ... as I said, in an environment of great beauty. What changes do you hope to see in the coming years? I think that in the coming years, traffic in the area will be reduced and will be restricted to more environmentally friendly vehicles. This could result in a reduction in traffic, pollution, and noise. In turn, it could contribute to creating a greater sense of tranquility in the area for pedestrians and visitors. I also think there will be a move towards better control of tourist activity 31 Conclusion Across more than fifteen interviews, a clear and infrastructural improvements, such as better compelling narrative emerges about the diverse lighting, accessible transport systems, and safe, challenges and aspirations of individuals inclusive recreational areas. Together, these navigating urban environments. These stories insights paint a vivid picture of urban spaces at a collectively highlight the vital importance of crossroads—poised to evolve into environments accessibility, safety, and community in shaping that are not only functional but also genuinely the urban experience. From individuals with inclusive. By incorporating the lived experiences sensory sensitivities and mobility challenges to and perspectives shared in these interviews, city long-time residents expressing concerns about planners and policymakers have the opportunity safety and community cohesion, these interviews to create spaces that are not only more reveal common threads. Many express a need accessible but also reflective of the diverse for clearer signage, improved infrastructure, and individuals who call these cities home. This more inclusive public spaces that accommodate collection of narratives serves as both a a wide range of abilities and needs. The voices testamony to the challenges faced and a hopeful within this collection underscore the significance vision for a future urban landscape that of both social and physical environments in prioritises inclusivity and accessibility for all fostering a sense of belonging and security. citizens. Moreover, there is a recurring call for 32 References Ayundamiento de Granada (2025). Plano de la ciudad. Online available: https://www.granada.org/ plano.nsf/v10inicio [retrieved 28 April 2025]. Cook, Jon (2013). 11. Creative Writing as a Research Method. In Research Methods for English Studies, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013, pp. 200-217. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748683444-012 [retrieved 20 May 2025]. Granada Hoy (2025). Granada closes 2024 with 6.7 million tourists and a 4.4% increase in visits. Online available: https://www.granadahoy.com/granada/granada-2024-millones-turistas-aumento-visitas_0_2003189222.html [retrieved 05.04.2025]. Landeshauptstadt Kiel (2024). 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