HEALTH OF THE WORKING-AGE POPULATION ZDRAVJE DELOVNO AKTIVNE POPULACIJE SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ZNANSTVENA IN STROKOVNA MEDNARODNA KONFERENCA Zbornik povzetkov Book of Abstracts health of the working-age population zdravje delovno aktivne populacije Univerza na Primorskem ■ Fakulteta za vede o zdravju Università del Litorale ■ Facoltà di scienze del a salute University of Primorska ■ Faculty of health sciences v sodelovanju z / in col aboration with Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku ■ Medicinski fakultet Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek ■ Faculty of medicine Osijek Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu University of East Sarajevo 4. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca Inštitut za medicino in šport Institute for medicine and sport z mednarodno udeležbo 4th scientific and professional international conference Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo Book of Abstracts dravje delovno aktivne populacije Health of the working-age population 4. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca z mednarodno udeležbo 4th scientific and professional international conference Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo Book of Abstracts Vsebina Content 7 Uvodne misli Preface 9 Vabljeni predavatelji Invited Lecturers 15 Program konference Conference Programme 17 Konferenčni prispevki/Conference Abstracts Plenarna predavanja Invited Lectures 23 Sekcija/Section Duševno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije Mental Health of the Working Age Population 53 Sekcija/Section Uporaba informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije na področju javnega zdravja Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Public Health 63 Sekcija/Section Družbeni izzivi ohranjanja zdravja žensk Societal Challenges of Maintaining Women,s Health 85 Sekcija/Section Problemi in izzivi v prehrani delovno aktivne populacije Problems and Challenges in the Nutrition of the Working-Age Population 97 Sekcija/Section Telesna (ne)aktivnost in njen pomen za mišično-skeletno in kardio-metabolno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije Physical (In)activity and its Role in Musculoskeletal and Cardio-metabolic Health of the Working-Age Population 115 Zaključne misli ■ Concluding Remarks 117 Zahvala sponzorjem dogodka Thanks to our Conference Sponsors 6 n pulatioo ge p rking-ao he wf t ealth o pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Uvodne misli Preface Z dravje je vse bolj javni interes, interes družbe. Sodobna družba si vse bolj prizadeva z različnimi ukrepi ozaveščati ljudi o zdravem načinu življenja, kar je svojevrsten paradoks, saj ravno sodobni način življenja botruje slabšanju zdravja populacije. V delovno aktivnem obdobju je tako za posameznika kot za družbo pomembno ohraniti zdravje. Pri tem pa nimamo v mislih sa-mo fizičnega, temveč tudi duševno zdravje, saj se tesno prepleta z delovnim in prostočasnim življenjem. Telesna (ne)aktivnost, nepravilna prehrana in prehranske navade ter nenazadnje biološke in sociokulturne razlike vplivajo na zdravje. Ko je to oslabljeno, prinaša številne posledice za skupnosti, saj omenjene težave vplivajo na življenje pacientov, njihovih družin, delovnih organizacij in širše družbe. Strokovnjaki raziskujejo, kako izboljšati, zagotavljati in ohraniti zdravje delovno aktivne populacije, sodobne države pa podpirajo izsledke raziskav z zakonod-ajo, ki nalaga delodajalcem, da temu področju namenijo posebno pozornost. Kako je v praksi? Katere so poglavitne težave in izzivi reševanja le-teh? Koliko nam lahko pri odpravljanju težav pomagajo informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije in koliko »zdrava pamet«? Na omenjena vprašanja skuša odgovoriti pričujoča publikacija, ki je nastala v okviru znanstvene in strokovne konference Zd ravje delovno aktivne populacije. V prispevkih avtorji predstavljajo aktualne študije in sodobne pristope, ki se uporabljajo v praksi na področju zdravstvene preventive in promocije zdravja delovno aktivne populacije. Publikacija je namenjena strokovnjakom iz prakse, raziskovalcem, visokošol-skim učiteljem in študentom, ki se posredno ali neposredno ukvarjajo s področjem javnega zdravja in z njim povezanih strok. Uredniški odbor H ealth is increasingly becoming a matter of public interest, an interest of the society. By taking different measures, the modern society is striving to make people aware about a healthy lifestyle, which is a peculiar paradox, as the modern lifestyle is responsible for health declining in the first place. It is crucial, both for an individual and for the society, to preserve health of the working population. Not only physical health, but also mental health, are closely related to the worktime and the free-time of an individual. Physical (in)activity, poor nutrition and nutritional habits and, all in all, biolog-ical, social and cultural differences influence health. Impaired health leads to several social problems, as it affects the patients, their families, working organizations and society as a whole. Experts are exploring different ways to improve, ensure and maintain health of the working population, with the support of the modern states, who by law obligate the employers to put a special consideration on this matter. What is the reality? Which are the primary issues and the chal enges when solving 8 them? How much should we rely on the information and communication technology and how much on ‘’the common sense’’ when solving these issues? n These questions are addressed in this publication, which was created under the scientific and professional conference Health of the working population. The pulatioo authors of the articles present the current studies and innovative approach-ge p es used in practice, regarding preventive and promoting activities related to health of the working population. rking-ao This publication is intended for experts of the medical practice, researchers, he w university lecturers and students, whose work is directly or indirectly associat-f t ed to public health professionals and related professions. ealth o The Editorial Board pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Vabljeni predavatelji Invited Lecturers U rška Blaznik je študirala na Univerzi v Ljubljani, kjer je končala diplomski študij na Fakulteti za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo kot kemik/biokemik, na isti fakulteti končala Specializacijo iz sanitarne kemije in doktorirala le-ta 2015 na Medicinski fakulteti. Kot analizni kemik je leta 1993 pričela z delom v sanitarno-kemijskem laboratoriju regionalnega Zavoda za zdravstveno varstvo v Kranju. Dvanajst let kasneje se je pridružila področju varnosti živil in ocenjevanju tveganja za zdravje ljudi na Nacionalnem inštitutu za javno zdravje v Ljubljani, kjer dela kot zdravstvena raziskovalka. Njena področja raziskovanja so povezana z javnim zdravjem in prehrano, bolj podrobno z oceno izpostavljenosti kemijskim dejavnikom tveganja v živilih, varnostjo živil in v zadnjem obdobju s preoblikovanjem živil in raziskovanju prehranskih vnosov ter zaužitih količin živil v populaciji. Doktorirala je s področja kumulativnega delovanja nekaterih pesticidov preko sadja in zelenjave na zdravje otrok. Je aktivna članica Delovne skupine Ministrstva za zdravje za pripravo načrta za zmanjševanje vnos soli pri prebivalcih Slovenije, deluje kot strokovna podpora Ministrstvu za zdravje in Zdravstvenemu inšpektoratu RS na področju varnosti sestavin prehranskih dopolnil in je aktivna pri razvoju sistema nutrivigilance v Sloveniji. Je članica Sveta za varno hrano Ministra za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano ter članica Delovne skupine za trditve na živilih in nova živila pri istem min-istrstvu. Tesno sodeluje z Evropsko agencijo za varnost hrane kot namestnica članice v Svetovalnem forumu in Ekspertni delovni skupini za podatke o zaužitih količinah živil. Kot aktivna raziskovalka sodeluje pri evropskih in nacionalnih projektih ARRS in ciljnih raziskovalnih projektih s področja prehrane in varnosti živil (Transmaščobe, Industrijska konoplja, EU Menu študija) in sodeluje pri razvoju metodologije ocenjevanja kumulativnih vplivov kemikalij v živilih, v okviru evropskega projekta EuroMix. Pogosto se udeležuje izobraževalnih, svetoval-nih, informativnih in pogovornih oddaj v nacionalnih medijih. Je mama dveh gimnazijcev, v prostem času z možem in prijatelji v najboljši meri sledi zdravemu življenjskemu slogu. Urška Blaznik studied at the University of Ljubljana, where she completed graduate studies at the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology as a chemist / biochemist, at the same University she completed specialization in the sani-tary chemistry program and finished PhD study at the Medicine Faculty. As an analytical chemist, she started to work in chemical laboratory of the regional Institute of Public Health in Kranj. Twelve years later, she joined the Department for food safety and risk assessment at the National Institute for Public Health in Ljubljana, where she works as a senior health researcher. Her areas of research are related to public health and nutrition, more detailed to the exposure assessment of chemical risk factors in food, food safety and in the last period to the food reformulation and food consumption data. Her PhD theme was cumulative risk assessment of some pesticides via fruit and vegetables for children‘s health. She is an active member of the Working Group at the Ministry of Health to prepare a plan to reduce salt intake in the population of Slovenia and an expert support to the Ministry of Health and the Health Inspector-ate in the area of safety of the ingredients of food supplements. She is taking 10 part in developing nutrivigilance system in Slovenia. She is a member of the Council for Food Safety of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Food and n member of the Working Group on claims and novel food at the same minis- try. She works closely with the European Food Safety Authority in the Advi-pulatioo sory Forum and in the Expert Working Group for food consumption data. As ge p an active researcher participates in European and national projects and target-ed research projects in the field of nutrition and food safety (trans fats, hemp, rking-ao EU Menu study) and continues to be part of developing methodology of evaluation of the cumulative effects of chemicals in food in the European project Eu-he wf t roMix. Frequently she attends educational, advisory, informational and public programme in the national media. ealth o M etoda Dodič Fikfak je predstojnica Kliničnega inštituta za medicino de-la, prometa in športa Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Ljubljana vse od leta 2000. Po diplomi na ljubljanski Medicinski fakulteti in opravljenem pulacije | ho magisteriju je doktorirala iz epidemiologije delovnega okolja na University of Massachusetts, Lowell v Združenih državah. Vodila je Zdravstveni dom v Pos-ktivne p tojni in Inštitut za socialno medicino v Ljubljani. Ima več kot 20 let izkušenj z delom na področju medicine dela, javnega zdravja, menedžmenta v zdravstvu ter aplikativne znanosti. V letih 1999-2000 je vodila projekta Phare – Razvoj slov-elovno a enskega sistema zdravja in varnosti pri delu in Nacionalne smernice za azbest. Sodeluje pri številnih evropskih in domačih projektih in raziskovalnih nalogah. zdravje d Na ALUO uči ergonomijo, na Medicinski fakulteti v Ljubljani pa epidemiologijo delovnega okolja. Poleg tega ima več kot 60 drugih predavanj letno. Že več kot 15 let aktivno sodeluje pri strokovnih aktivnostih za prepoved uporabe in šir-itev osveščenosti o nevarnosti uporabe azbesta v Sloveniji in svetu. Je avtorica številnih raziskav na tem področju. Zadnje leta s konkretnimi podatki opozarja na zdravstvene posledice prestrukturiranja gospodarstva na zdravje ljudi. Pod njenim vodstvom se inštitut intenzivno strokovno razvija in širi svoje delovanje na nova strokovna področja. Za svoje delo je prejela več nagrad: Harriet Hardy Award, Public Health and Human Rights Association iz ZDA ji je leta 2006 podelil mednarodno nagrado, v Sloveniji pa je prejela nagrado roža mogota. Je predsednica strokovnega sveta humanitarnega društva bolnikov zaradi azbesta, članica številnih stanovskih in strokovnih skupin, združenj, komisij in strokovnega kolegija ter podpredsednica strokovnega sveta za medicino dela, prometa in športa itd. Metoda Dodič Fikfak has been the head of the University Medical Centre in Ljubljana OMTS Clinical Institute since 2000. After graduation and gaining a master’s at the Faculty of Medicine in Ljubljana she received her Ph.D. in work environment epidemiology at the University of Massachusetts Lowel , USA. She led the Health Centre in Postojna and the Institute for Social Medicine in Ljubljana. She has more than 20 years of work experience in medicine, public health, healthcare management and applied sciences. In 1999-2000 she led the Phare project “Development of the Slovenian Occupational Safety and Health Management System” and the project “Asbestos National Guidelines”. She is involved in various national and European projects and research tasks. She teaches Ergonomics at the UL Academy of Fine Arts and Design and Work Environment Epidemiology at the Faculty of Medicine. In addition, she has over 60 other lectures annual y. For more than 15 years she has been involved in ac-11 tivities related to asbestos prohibition and raise of awareness about the dan-gers of its use in Slovenia and abroad. She is the author of numerous studies on the subject. On the basis of evidence gathered during the last years, she ad-ežbo del dresses how economic restructuring affects the human health. Under her lead-u ership, the Institute is intensively developing and expanding its functioning in-dno to new areas of expertise. She has received several awards for her work: the naro Harriet Hardy Award, she received an international prize from the USA Public ed Health and Human Rights Association in 2006, while in Slovenia she received m a z the “Roža mogota” award. She is the chair of the humanitarian Association of enc Patients Exposed to Asbestos Expert Council, member of numerous profes- fer sional and peer groups, associations, committees, and Vice-president of the on OMTS Expert Council, etc. kovna k tro C harlotte Edwardson je na britanski univerzi Lounghborough diplomirala iz športnih ved (2004), magistrirala (2005) in doktorirala (2010) pa iz telesne aktivnosti in zdravja. Kot znanstvena sodelavka je bila v obdobju 2005-a in s 2010 zaposlena na Institute of Youth Sport, Loughborough University, kjer se je posvečala vrednotenju telesne aktivnosti in pobudam za zdravje mladih. Strokovno delo je nadaljevala na področju preprečevanja sladkorne bolezni. nanstven Kot znanstvena sodelavka je bila zaposlena na University Hospitals of Leicester 4. z (2010-2013), kjer je izvedla številne pomembne raziskave o povečevanju telesne dejavnosti in zmanjševanju sedentarnega vedenja pri osebah z visokim tveganjem za sladkorno bolezen tipa 2. Leta 2013 je pričela poučevati na Centru za raziskovanje sladkorne bolezni Univerze v Leicesterju kot predavateljica za področje telesne aktivnosti, sedentarnega vedenja in zdravja. Izredna profesorica je postala leta 2016. Njeno raziskovalno delo se osredotoča na razumevanje vloge telesne dejavnosti in sedentarnega načina obnašanja pri preprečevanju in obvladovanju kroničnih bolezni, še posebej sladkorne bolezni tipa 2. Le-to vključuje eksperimentalne in epidemiološke študije ter intervencijske študije vedenjskih sprememb, o čemer je objavila več kot 50 prispevkov. Trenutno ima na razpolago 5 milijonov € raziskovalnih sredstev, prejetih s strani Nacionalnega inštituta za zdravje, Evropske Komisije in Zdravstvenega Sveta. Charlotte Edwardson completed a BSc in Applied Sports Science (2004) and MSc (2005) and PhD (part time, 2010) in Physical Activity and Health, all from Loughborough University, UK. Alongside her PhD she worked as a Research Associate (2005-2010) for the Institute of Youth Sport, Loughborough University where she specialised in the evaluation of physical activity and health initiatives in young people. Fol owing this she moved into the area of diabetes prevention and worked as a Research Associate, University Hospitals of Leicester, UK (2010-2013), on several large randomised control ed trials focused on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in people with a high risk of type 2 diabetes. In 2013 she was appointed Lecturer, and subsequently Associate Professor in 2016, in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Health in the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, UK. Her research focuses on understanding the role of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes. This encompasses experimental, epidemiological and behaviour change intervention studies. She has published more than 50 papers in these research 12 areas and currently holds research grants (total ing >£5 mil ion) from the Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Department of n Health and the European Commission. pulatioo N ada Gosić je redna profesorica na Medicinski fakulteti in Fakulteti za zdravstvene študije Univerze na Reki, magistrica političnih in družbenih ved ge p in doktorica filozofije. Je avtorica štirih knjig: Bioetička edukacija (Bioethics Education), Pergamena, Zagreb, 2005, Bioetika in vivo (Bioethics in Vi-rking-ao vo), Pergamena, Zagreb 2005, Bioetičke perspective (Bioethical perspectives), he w Pergamena, Zagreb 2011 in Liječnici-preteče bioetike (Physicians-forerunners f t of bioethics), Pergamena, Zagreb, 2015. Je tudi avtorica številnih znanstvenih in strokovnih del o medicinski etiki, bioetiki in etiki v zdravstveni negi. Bila je vod-ealth o ja raziskovalnih projektov Bioetika in politika (Bioethics and Policy) ter Bioetika in kultura (Bioethics and Culture), ki jih je podprlo Ministrstvo za znanost, izobraževanje in šport Republike Hrvaške. pulacije | ho Nada Gosić, full professor of Medical faculty and Faculty of health studies University in Rijeka, MA in political and social sciences, PhD in philosophy. She is ktivne p author of four books: Bioetička edukacija (Bioethics Education), Pergamena, Zagreb, 2005, Bioetika in vivo (Bioethics in Vivo), Pergamena, Zagreb 2005, elovno a Bioetičke perspective (Bioethical perspectives), Pergamena, Zagreb 2011., and Liječnici-preteče bioetike (Physicians-forerunners of bioethics), Pergamena, Zagreb, 2015. Also she is author of a numbers of scientific and expert works in zdravje d Medical Ethics, Bioethics and Healthcare Ethics. She was head of the scientific projects Bioetika i politika (Bioethics and Policy), Bioetika i kultura (Bioethics and Culture), realized with the support of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia. H erbert Löllgen vodi zasebno prakso za interno medicino, kardiologijo in športno kardiologijo, hkrati od leta 2008 predava na Gutenberški univerzi v Mainzu. Njegova primarna raziskovalna področja so: kardi- ologija, fiziologija, breztežnostna preventivna medicina, telesna aktivnosti in staranje ter preizkusi vzdržljivosti. V letih 1985 – 2008 je bil predstojnik bolnišničnih oddelkov interne medicine, intervencijske kardiologije, intenzivna nege, pnevmološke športne medicine v Remscheidu in Limburgu ter namestnik predstojnika oddelka za kardiologijo na Univerzi v Freiburgu. Herbert Löl gen je častni predsednik (od leta 2012) in bivši predsednik (2006-2012) nemškega Združenja za športno medicino in preventivo (2006-2012), svetovalec nemš- kega Olimpijskega komiteja in nemškega zdravniškega društva (preventiva, športna medicina, zloraba drog). Med drugim je član nemškega združenja kar-diologov, strokovnega sveta astronavtov, ESA, medicinske izbirne komisije za nemški misiji D1 in D2, American Col ege of Cardiology (ACC, FACC) in častni član (gold member) American Heart Association (AHA, FAHA). Herbert Löl gen owns a private practice for Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Sports Cardiology since 2008 and gives lectures at Gutenberg-University in Mainz. His main research focuses on cardiology, exercise physiology, weight-lessness preventive medicine, physical activity and ageing, pre-participation examination. From 1985-2008 he was Head of Department of Internal Medicine, Remscheid Interventional Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Pneumology Sports Medicine, from 1982-85 Head of Department of Medicine and Cardi-13 ology at St. Vincenz-Hospital Limburg and from 1978-1982 Vice Head of Department of Cardiology at University of Freiburg. Herbert Löl gen is Honorary President (since 2012) and Past-President (2006-2012) of the German Feder-ežbo del ation of Sports Medicine and Prevention (2006-2012), Sports Medicine con-u sultant for the German Olympic Sports Society and Consultant to German dno of Physicians, Berlin (Prevention, Sports Medicine, Drug abuse). Among oth-naro ers Löl gen is member of the German Society of Cardiology, Medical Board of ed Astronauts, ESA, Medical Selection Board German D1 and D2 Mission, of the m a z American Col ege of Cardiology (ACC, FACC) and American Heart Associa- enc tion (AHA, FAHA) (Gold Member). feron A nne Marie Rafferty je predavateljica zdravstvene politike in nekdanja dekanja fakultete Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s Col ege London ter gostujoča predavateljica na Imperial Col ege’s kovna k Patient Safety Translational Research Centre. Na Edinburški univerzi je diplo-tro mirala iz zdravstvenih ved, na Nottinghamski univerzi je magistrirala iz kirur-a in s gije, iz sodobne zgodovine pa je doktorirala na Univerzi v Oxfordu. Prejela je štipendijo Harkness Fel owship za študij zdravstvene politike na Pennsylvanski univerzi, preko Ministrstva za zdravje pa je z lordom Aro Darzijem sodelova-nanstven la pri nadaljnji fazi revizije britanskega zdravstvenega sistema. Leta 2008 je 4. z prejela britanski viteški red poveljnika in bila imenovana v komisijo predsedni-ka vlade o prihodnosti zdravstvene nege in babištva 2009-10 (Future of Nursing and Midwifery 2009-10). Je prejemnica več nagrad, npr. Nursing Times Leadership Award (2014) in Health Services Journal Top 100 Clinical Leaders Award (20159, članica združenj Royal Col ege of Nursing, American Academy of Nursing ter uredniškega odbora Parliamentary Review of the Welsh Health and Social Care Service. Anne Marie Rafferty is Professor of Nursing Policy and former Dean of the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s Col ege London and Visiting Professor at Imperial Col ege’s Patient Safety Translational Research Centre. She graduated (BSc) SocSci Nursing Studies (Edinburgh University), MPhil (Surgery) (Nottingham University) and DPhil Modern History from Ox- ford University. She won a Harkness Fel owship in Health Policy to the University of Pennsylvania and was seconded to the Department of Health to work with Lord Ara Darzi on the Next Stage Review of the NHS. She was awarded a CBE in 2008 and appointed to the Prime Minister’s Commission on the Future of Nursing and Midwifery 2009-10 and been recipient of various awards; Nursing Times Leadership Award in 2014 and Health Services Journal Top 100 Clinical Leaders Award in 2015. She holds fel owships from the Royal Col ege of Nursing, American Academy of Nursing and is a member of the Parliamentary Review of the Welsh Health and Social Care Service. U roš Rajkovič je izredni profesor za področje informacijskih sistemov na Univerzi v Mariboru, Fakulteti za organizacijske vede. Poučuje predmete Baze podatkov, Sistemi za podporo odločanju, Informatiko v zdravstveni negi in druge. Svoje raziskovanje usmerja predvsem v izgradnjo informacijskih sistemov na področju zdravstvene nege in modeliranju odločitvenega znanja./ Uroš Rajkovič is associate professor in Information Systems at the University of 14 Maribor, Faculty of Organizational Sciences. His courses include Databases, Decision Support Systems, Nursing Informatics and others. His research intern ests focus mainly on the construction of nursing information systems and decision knowledge modelling. pulatioo ge p S aška Roškar je zaposlena na Nacionalnem inštitutu za javno zdravje, kjer se ukvarja s preventivo duševnih motenj in promocijo duševnega zdravja. Že več kot desetletje se intenzivno posveča raziskovanju in preprečevan-rking-ao ju samomorilnega vedenja. Sodelovala je v številnih domačih in mednarodnih raziskovalnih projektih, pri razvoju in implementaciji različnih preven-he wf t tivnih programov za preprečevanje samomorilnega vedenja za različne ciljne skupine, sodelovala je v skupini za pripravo Resolucije za Nacionalni program ealth o za duševno zdravje. Izkušnje ima s svetovalnim, pedagoškim in raziskovalnim delom. Na Nacionalnem inštitutu za javno zdravje je vključena v različne preventivne in promocijske projekte, sodeluje pa tudi z drugimi inštitucijami, ki so pulacije | ho dejavne na tem področju. V sodelovanju z Visoko šolo za zdravstveno nego Jesenice sodeluje pri izvajanju predavanj pri predmetu »Promocija zdravja«, na ktivne p Oddelku za psihologijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani pa izvaja predavanja pri predmetu »Psihološka preventiva«. Je svetovalka na mladinskem spletnem portalu TO SEM JAZ. Kot svetovalka je opravljala svetovalno delo v elovno a Svetovalnici Fužine, Center za Socialno delo Fužine. Zaključeno ima drugo stopnjo (od treh) izobraževanja za vedenjsko-kognitivnega terapevta. Pridobljen zdravje d ima evropski certifikat iz psihologije – EuroPsy. Saška Roškar, PhD in Psychology, is employed at National Institute of Public Health Slovenia. Her field of work includes prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health. For more than a decade she has focused intense-ly on research and prevention of suicidal behaviour. She has participated in numerous national and international research projects, in the development and implementation of various programs for suicidal behaviour prevention for different target groups; she has participated in the expert group for the preparation of the Resolution on the National Programme for Mental Health. She has long-term experience with psychological consulting, university lecturing and research work. Program konference Conference Programme 7.30–8.45 Registracija udeležencev / Registration Avla dvorane Galea / Galea‘s Foyer 8.45–11.00 Otvoritev in plenarna predavanja / Opening and plenary lectures Dvorana Galea, pritličje / Galea Hall, Groundfloor 11.00–11.20 Odmor s kavo / Coffee break Avla dvorane Galea / Galea‘s Foyer 11.20–13.50 Sekcije 1. del / Sections 1st part 11.20–12.20 Sekcija 2 – ANG / Section 2 – ENG Sekcija 4 – ANG / Section 4 – ENG UPORABA INFORMACIJSKO-KO- PROBLEMI IN IZZIVI V PREHRANI MUNIKACIJSKE TEHNOLOGIJE NA DELOVNO AKTIVNE POPULACIJE/ 15 PODROČJU JAVNEGA ZDRAVJA/ PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN USE OF INFORMATION AND COM- THE NUTRITION OF THE WOR- MUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN KING-AGE POPULATION ežbo PUBLIC HEALTH del u Dvorana Batana / Batana Hall Dvorana Galea / Galea Hall dno 12.20–13.50 Sekcija 1 – SLO / Section 1 – SLO Sekcija 3 – ANG / Section 3 – ENG naroed m DUŠEVNO ZDRAVJE DELOVNO DRUŽBENI IZZIVI OHRANJAN- a z AKTIVNE POPULACIJE/ MENTAL JA ZDRAVJA ŽENSK/ SOCIETAL enc HEALTH OF THE WORKING-AGE CHALLENGES OF MAINTAINING fer POPULATION WOMEN‘S HEALTH on Dvorana Galea / Galea Hall Dvorana Batana / Batana Hall kovna k 13.50–15.00 Odmor s kosilom / Lunch tro Restavracija GH Portorož / Restaurant of GH Portorož a in s 15.00–16.00 Sekcije 2. del / Sections 2nd part Sekcija 1 – ANG / Section 1 – ENG Sekcija 5 – SLO / Section 5 – SLO nanstven 4. z DUŠEVNO ZDRAVJE DELOVNO TELESNA (NE)AKTIVNOST IN NJEN AKTIVNE POPULACIJE/ MENTAL POMEN ZA MIŠIČNO-SKELETNO HEALTH OF THE WORKING-AGE IN KARDIO-METABOLNO ZDRAVJE POPULATION DELOVNO AKTIVNE POPULACIJE/ PHYSICAL (IN)ACTIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CARDIO-METABOLIC HEALTH OF THE WORKING-AGE POPULATION Dvorana Galea / Galea Hall Dvorana Batana / Batana Hall 16.00–16.15 Odmor s kavo / Coffee break Avla dvorane Galea / Galea‘s Foyer 16.15–17.15 Sekcije 3. del / Sections 3rd part Sekcija 3 – SLO / Section 3 – SLO Sekcija 5 – ANG / Section 5 – ENG DRUŽBENI IZZIVI OHRANJAN- TELESNA (NE)AKTIVNOST IN NJEN JA ZDRAVJA ŽENSK/ SOCIETAL POMEN ZA MIŠIČNO-SKELETNO CHALLENGES OF MAINTAINING IN KARDIO-METABOLNO ZDRAVJE WOMEN‘S HEALTH DELOVNO AKTIVNE POPULACIJE/ PHYSICAL (IN)ACTIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CARDIO-METABOLIC HEALTH OF THE WORKING-AGE POPULATION Dvorana Galea / Galea Hall Dvorana Batana / Batana Hall 16 17.15 Zaključek konference / End of the Conference 16 Dvorana Galea, pritličje / Galea Hall, Groundfloor n pulatioo SLO – sekcija v slovenskem jeziku o ge p ANG – sekcija v angleškem jeziku rking porking-ahe wof the wf t ealth o ealth o pulacije | hopulacije | ho ktivne p ktivne p elovno a elovno a zdravje d zdravje d Konferenčni prispevki Conference Abstracts Plenarna predavanja Invited lectures Zdravje slovenskih delavcev Health of Slovenian workers Metoda Dodič Fikfak University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinical Institute of Occupational, Traffic, and Sports Medicine, Poljanski nasip 58, Ljubljana metoda.dodic-fikfak@guest.arnes.si Izhodišča: Zdravje delavcev opisujemo z odstotkom bolniške odsotnosti (BO) in indeksi: frekvence, onesposabljanja in resnosti ter poškodbami pri delu, poklicnimi boleznimi, delovno invalidnostjo, oceno tveganja, rezultati preventivnih pregledov in prezentizmom. Metode: Uporabili smo podatke iz zbirke podatkov o bolniškem staležu in rezultate študij o prezentizmu, prestruktu-riranju in zdravju delavcev ter trpinčenju na delovnem mestu. Rezultati: Odstotek BO je najvišji v javni upravi, vojski in rudarstvu. Najvišji je zaradi bolezni mi- šičnoskeletnega sistema, sledijo poškodbe zunaj dela, bolezni dihal in duševne motnje. Odstotek BO v javnem sektorju je višji od % BO v zasebnem sektorju. 18 Pri kroničnih boleznih je % BO višji pri delavcih, ki delajo v zasebnem sektorju. n Po resnosti vseskozi izstopa depresija. Resnost te se je med in po krizi pove- čala za dvakrat. Raste število primerov BO zaradi reakcije na hud stres in izgo-pulatio relosti. Zaostrene razmere na delovnem mestu povzročajo večji prezentizem. o Med prestrukturiranjem višji odstotek delavcev poroča o slabem zdravju, povi-ge p šanem krvnem tlaku in depresiji. Diskusija: Edini učinkoviti način ohranjanja delovne sile, ki jo bo z leti primanjkovalo, je prilagajanje delovnih mest, sistema-rking-ao tično vzgajanje delavcev k razvoju in ohranjanju gibalno športnih aktivnosti in he w sprememba percepcije dela. f t Ključne besede: zdravje delavcev, bolniška odsotnost, prestrukturiranje ealth o Introduction: Workers’ health is described by the percentage of sick leave (SL), frequency index, index of temporary disability, severity of the disease, injuries at work, occupational diseases, work disability, risk assessment, results of pulacije | ho preventive check-ups and presenteeism. Methods: Data from the national sick-leave data col ection and results from the studies of presenteeism, the influence of restructuring on workers’ health and mobbing in the workplace were used. ktivne p Results: The percentage of SL was the highest in public administration, defence and mining. The highest is due to the musculoskeletal disorders, injuries out-elovno a side work, respiratory diseases and mental disorders. The percentage of SL is significantly higher in the public sector than in the private sector. In chronic dis-zdravje d eases the percentage of SL is higher in workers in the private sector. As for the severity, depression during and after crisis increased twofold. The number of cases due to the reaction to severe stress and burn-out has increased. Harsh working conditions result in greater presenteeism. The percentage of those who report il -health, have high blood pressure and are depressed is significantly higher during restructuring. Discussion: The only effective way of keeping the workforce, which will be lacking in the years to come, is the adaptation of workplaces, systematic education of workers in terms of developing and maintaining sports activities and the need to change the perception of work. Key words: workers’ health, sick leave, restructuring Učinki intervencij za zmanjševanje količine sedenja na delovnem mestu: Stojmo več na delu (SMArT Work) The effectiveness of an intervention to reduce sitting time in the workplace: Stand More AT Work (SMArT Work) Charlotte Edwardson1, Sophie O’Connell2, Thomas Yates1, Stuart Biddle3, Melanie Davies1, David Dunstan4, Dale Esliger5, Laura Gray1, Fehmidah Munir5 1 University of Leicester, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK 2 University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK 3 University of Southern Queensland, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, QLD, Australia 4 Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 5 Loughborough University, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK 19 ce95@le.ac.uk, sophie.oconnel @uhl-tr.nhs.uk, ty20@le.ac.uk , stuart.biddle@ usq.edu.au, melanie.davies@uhl-tr.nhs.uk, David.Dunstan@bakeridi.edu.au, D.Esliger@lboro.ac.uk, lg48@le.ac.uk, F.Munir@lboro.ac.uk ežbo del u Izhodišča: Sedeč življenjski slog je povezan s povečanim tveganjem za obolevnost dno in umrljivost. Podatki kažejo, da so pisarniški delavci kar 70 do 85 % delovnega časa v sedečem položaju. Dokazi o učinkovitosti ukrepov za zmanjšanje ko-naroed ličine sedenja na delu so omejeni z majhnimi vzorci, kratkim časom sprem-m ljanja in pomanjkanjem randomiziranih kontroliranih študij. Kot odziv je bila a z izvedena klasterska randomizirana kontrolirana študija znotraj projekta SMArT encfer Work. Metode: V raziskavo so bili vključeni pisarniški delavci Ministrstva za on zdravje, ki so bili po pisarnah (klastrih) razvrščeni v intervencijsko ali kontrolno skupino. Intervencijska skupina je prejela po višini nastavljivo mizo in tehni-kovna k ke za spremembe navad. Podatki so bili zajeti na začetku študije ter po 3, 6 in 12 tro mesecih. Primarni cilj je bilo zmanjšanje objektivno izmerjene količine sedenja na delu. Sekundarni cilje je bil ovrednotiti objektivno količino gibalne aktivnos-a in s ti, biomarkerje, z delom povezano zdravje ter psiho-socialne kazalce. Rezultati: Vključenih je bilo 37 pisarn (146 pisarniških delavcev) od tega je bilo 19 pis-nanstven arn (77 delavcev) razvrščenih v intervencijsko skupino in 18 pisarn (69 delavcev) 4. z v kontrolno skupino. Predstavljeni bodo rezultati po 3, 6 in 12 mesecih sprem-ljanja vseh parametrov. Zaključki: To bo prva polno podprta, dolgotrajna randomizirana kontrolirana študija učinkov intervencij za zmanjševanje količine sedenja na delu v Angliji in v Evropi nasploh. Študijo je financiralo ministerst-vo za zdravje. Ključne besede: sedenje, stanje, delovno mesto, randomizirana kontrolirana študija Introduction: Sedentary behaviour is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Office workers spend 70-85 % of work hours sedentary. Evidence on workplace interventions for reducing sitting is limited by smal samples, short fol ow up and a lack of randomised control ed trials (RCTs). In response, the SMArT Work intervention was developed and tested in a clus- ter RTC. Methods: Office workers within the National Health Service were recruited and their office group randomised to either intervention or control. The intervention group received a height-adjustable workstation and supporting behaviour change techniques. Data were col ected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome: reduction in objectively measured sitting at work. Secondary outcomes: objectively measured physical activity, biomarkers, work-related health and psycho-social measures. Results: 37 office clusters (146 office workers) were recruited. 19 office clusters (77 office workers) were randomised to receive the intervention and 18 (69 office workers) to control. The 3, 6 and 12 month fol ow up results for all outcome measures will be presented. Conclusions: This is the first ful y powered, longer term randomised control ed trial of a workplace intervention to reduce sitting time to be conducted in the UK and Europe. The Department of Health funded this research. Key words: Sitting, standing, workplace, randomised controlled trial 20 Gibalna/športna aktivnost, telesni fitnes in preventiva: pomen za delovno aktivno populacijo n Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Prevention: Role for the Working Population pulatioo Herbert Löllgen1, Ruth Löllgen2 ge p 1 Univ. of Mainz, Germany, Chairman EFSMA Scient.Educ Commission (Lausanne), Bermesgasse 23 b, 42897 Remscheid, Germany, rking-ao 2 Dept. Pediatric Diseases Univ. of Bern, Switzerland he w herbert.loel gen@gmx.de f t Izhodišča: Gibalna neaktivnost in podaljševanje dnevne količine časa pred zaslo-ealth o ni predstavlja naraščajoči zdravstveni problem delovno aktivne populacije kakor tudi splošen problem prebivalstva širom sveta. To imenujemo sindrom pomanjkanja gibalne/športne aktivnosti. Na drugi strani številne študije in tu-pulacije | h di meta analize potrjujejo pozitivne učinke redne gibalne/športne aktivnosti o (GŠA). Diskusija: Redna GŠA je danes široko sprejeta kot eden najpomembnejših dejavnikov za ohranjanje ali izboljšanje zdravja ter preprečevanje številnih ktivne p nenalezljivih bolezni. GŠA zmanjšuje tveganje za obolevnost in umrljivost zaradi srčno-žilnih bolezni kakor tudi vseh vzrokov. Posledično je GŠA temelj pre-elovno a ventivnega delovanja in zdravljenja številnih bolezni ter tako izboljšuje kakovost življenja in življenjsko dobo. GŠA zmanjšuje posledice dolgotrajnega sedenja in sedentarnega življenjskega sloga ter deluje kot zdravilo: ima številne indikacije, zdravje d nelinearno krivuljo povezanosti med količino in učinki, številne telesne in psiho-somatske učinke, ter malo stranskih učinkov in kontraindikacij. Podobne učinke lahko pripišemo telesnemu fitnesu, ki ga lahko opredelimo s pomočjo merjen-ja največje moči, največje porabe kisika ali drugimi gibalnimi testi. GŠA je torej večnamensko zdravilo za preprečevanje in zdravljenje različnih bolezni. Zaključek: obstaja široko sprejeto stališče in prepričljivi dokazi o pozitivnih učinkih GŠA, vključujoč vsakodnevne aktivnosti, pri ohranjanju zdravja delovno aktivne populacije. Za ohranjanje in izboljševanje zdravja je ključno: ne kajenje, redna GŠA, zdrava prehrana in normalna telesna teža. Ključne besede: kakovost življenja, prevention, telesna aktivnost, fitnes. Introduction: Physical inactivity and increasing daily screen time is an emerging health problem within the working population as well in the general population world wide. This is cal ed the exercise deficiency syndrom (EDS). On the other hand a large nurmber of single studies as well of metaanalyses strongly support the positive health effects of regular physical activity. Discussion: Regular physical activity (PA) is now widely accepted as one of the most important factors to maintain or improve health and to prevent numerous non-communicable diseases. PA reduces risks of al -cause- and cardiovascular morbidity, mortality. Therefore, PA is a cornerstone in prevention and therapy of many diseases thus improving quality of life and longevity. PA also counteracts the effects of sitting time and sedentary lifestyle (EDS). PA acts like a drug: there are many indications, a non-linear dose-response curve, many somatic and psychosmatic effects, few side effects and contraindications. Similar results can be observed for physical fitness assessed by maximal watt or Vo2 max in exercise testing. PA therefore is the real polypill for prevention and therapy of many diseases. Conclusion: There is now a general agreement and convincing evidence that regular PA including daily life activities are essentials for maintaining health in the 21 working age population. For staying health and preserving health, everybody should reduce or avoid the four main risk factors: no smoking, regular PA, he-ežbo althy diet and normal body weight. del u Key words: quality of life, risk, prevention, physical activity, fitness dno naro Skrb za delovno okolje, skrb za zdravje in dobro počutje ed m zaposlenih v zdravstvu a z Caring for the work environment, caring for the health enc and wellbeing of the health workforce feron Anne Marie Rafferty King’s College London (UK) kovna k anne_marie.rafferty@kcl.ac.uk tro Delo prinaša koristi, a obenem tudi tveganja. Ta prispevek izpostavlja dokaze a in s o pomembnosti vpliva delovnega okolja na dobro počutje zaposlenih kot tudi njegovo vlogo v zagotavljanju pozitivnih izidov za paciente in medicinske sestre. nanstven Predstavlja dokaze skozi ključne elemente okolja, kot je na primer vprašanje 4. z kadrovske zasedbe in vpliva le-te na izide povezane z medicinsko sestro, pa-cientom in organizacijo. Raziskuje možne intervencije, ki jih je mogoče implementirati z namenom izboljšanja dobrega počutja zaposlenih in kakovosti dela ter delovnega okolja. Nenazadnje, identificira mehanizme in vzvode politike, ki se lahko uporabijo za izboljšanje kakovosti delovnega okolja ter s tem povezane politične, praktične in sistemske prednosti. Ključne besede: delovno okolje; kadrovska zasedba; kakovost dela; politika Work brings benefits as well as hazards. This paper considers the evidence on the importance of the work environment for staff wel -being as well as its role in mediating better outcomes for patients and nurses. It reviews the evidence on key elements of the environment,-such as staffing and the impact of variations in staffing on nurse, patient and organisational outcomes. It explores the interventions that can be implemented to improve staff wel -being and the quality of the work and practice environment. Final y, it identifies the mechanisms and policy levers that can be used to drive up the quality of the practice environment and the policy, practice and system benefits associated with doing so. Key words: work environment; staffing; quality of work; policy 22 n pulatioo ge p rking-ao he wf t ealth o pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Sekcija/Section Duševno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije Mental Health of the Working Population Vabljeno predavanje Invited lecture Duševno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije v Slovenije: glavni izzivi danes in jutri Mental health of work-active population in Slovenia: main challanges today and tomorrow Saška Roškar National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana saska.roskar@nijz.si Duševno zdravje sodi med najpomembnejše javnozdravstvene vsebine saj lah-ko le duševno zdrav posameznik razvija svoje sposobnosti, se spoprijema s stresom v vsakdanjem življenju ter učinkovito in plodno prispeva v svojo skupnost. V Sloveniji nimamo strateškega dokumenta na področju duševnega zdravja saj Predlog Resolucije Nacionalnega plana za duševno zdravje 2014–2018 žal 24 še ni sprejet. Se pa nekatere prednostne vsebine kljub temu izvajajo v obliki n projektnega dela na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni. Najbolj prevalentne težave na področju duševnega zdravja odrasle populacije so depresija, anksiozne in pulatioo stresne motnje ter duševne in vedenjske motnje zaradi uživanja alkohola. V le-ge p tih 2008–2015 je za tretjino upadlo število prvih obiskov (primarna zdravstvena raven) zaradi depresivne epizode, poraslo pa je število prvih obiskov zara-rking-a di reakcije na hud stres in prilagoditvene motnje. Podoben trend je pri končnih o diagnozah zaznati na sekundarni zdravstveni ravni. Velik javnozdravstveni prob-he w lem v Sloveniji ostaja tudi umrljivost zaradi samomora, ki pa v zadnjih dveh f t desetletjih kaže trend upadanja pri obeh spolih in vseh starostnih skupinah. Poseben izziv dodatno predstavlja stigmatiziranost duševnih težav in negativ-ealth o na stališča do iskanja pomoči. Slednje je še posebej izraženo pri moških, mlajših osebah in osebah iz vzhodne kohezijske regije, kjer so kazalniki duševne-pulacije | h ga zdravja slabši. o Ključne besede: duševno zdravje, depresija, samomor, stigma, dostopnost ktivne p pomoči, Mental Health represents is an important public health topic. It inevitably con-elovno a tributes to the well being of the society as a whole and is related to great economic costs. Slovenija lacks a strategic document in the filed of mental health since the Resolution of National Plan for Mental Health 2014 - 2018 is not yet zdravje d confirmed. Nevertheless some priority topics are addressed via different projects either on national or regional level. The most prevalent mental health complaints of work active population are depression, anxiety, stress related disorders and mental or behavioural diorders due to alchocol. Between 2008 – 2015 a decrease was observed in the number of first visits on the primary health care level due to depression, whereas an increase was observed in the number of first visits due to adverse reactions on stress. Similar trend was observed in the number of final diagnoses on the secondary health care level. A major public health problem remains suicide mortality, which fortunately has shown a decreasing trend in the last two decades in both genders and most age groups. Another chellange represents the stigmatization of mental health problems and negative attitudes towards help seeking. The latter is particularly present in men, younger persons and residents form eastern Slovenian rea-gions where mental health indicators are lower than in the west. Key words: Mental Health, Depression, Suicide, Stigma, Accesibility of help Stres, povezan z delom, in delovna zmožnost zaposlenih na oddelku nujne medicinske pomoči Professional stress and work ability of employees at Emergency Medicine Department Ivana Barać, Jadranka Plužarić, Lorna Dubac Nemet Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Cara Hadrijana street 10E, Croatia ivana.barac@mefos.hr, jpluzaric@mefos.hr, ldnemet@mefos.hr Izhodišča: Stres, povezan z delom, velja za eno od desetih najpogostejših zdravstvenih težav. Zdravstveni delavci najpogosteje navajajo naslednje težave, s 25 katerimi se soočajo zaradi dela: fizično in čustveno izčrpanost, bolečine v ledvenem delu hrbtenice, težave v duševnem zdravju. Cilj te raziskave je bil ugot-ežbo oviti zaznavanje poklicnega stresa in delovne zmožnosti zaposlenih na oddel-del u ku nujne medicinske pomoči. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 109 zaposlenih, ki delajo kot zdravniki, medicinske sestre in vozniki. Uporabili smo vprašalnik dno o stresu zaposlenih v zdravstvu in vprašalnik o ocenjevanju zmožnosti za de-naroed lo. Opazne so pomembne razlike v zaznavanju stresa glede na spol, zlasti na m področju tveganj in nevarnosti pri delu. Rezultati: Glede na starost in delovno a z dobo nismo ugotovili razlik. Glede na delovno mesto pa so pomembne raz- enc like med zdravniki in vozniki (p <0,01), kakor tudi med zdravniki in medicinski-feron mi sestrami (p <0,01). Najpogosteje navajane zdravstvene težave in bolezni, povezane z delom so: bolečine v ledvenem delu hrbtenice (49,5 %) in napeto-kovna k sti (47,7 %). Najmanj pogosto navajane pa so astma (2,8 %), nevrološke bolezni tro (2,8 %) in maligna obolenja (0,9 %). Diskusija: Med zaposlenimi na oddelku nujne medicinske pomoči je prisoten negativni stres, povezan z delom, pojavljajo a in s pa se tudi zdravstvene težave in bolezni, povezane z delom. Rezultati potrjujejo potrebo po razvoju intervencijskih in preventivnih programov. nanstven Ključne besede: oddelek nujne medicinske pomoči, zaposleni, stres, povezan z 4. z delom, delovna zmožnost Introduction: Professional stress is considered one of the top ten health problems, whereby ailments listed by health workers are physical and emotion-al exhaustion, back pain and the occurrence of mental health problems. The aim of this study is to determine the perception of occupational stressors and work ability of employees in the emergency medical department. Methods: The study included 109 employees working as doctors, nurses and drivers. The questionnaire on stress of health care professionals and the questionnaire on working capacity assessment were used. Significant differences in the assessment of stress are observed in relation to gender, especial y in the area of risk and hazard at work. Results: In relation to age and years of service there are no significant differences. In relation to the workplace, in the overall stress there is a difference between doctors and drivers (p<0.01) as well as doctors and nurses (p<0.01). The results for the most common job associated ailments are lower back pain (49.5 %) and tensions (47.7 %). Least represented were asthma (2,8 %), neurological diseases (2.8 %) and malignity (0.9 %). Discussion: There is a perception of stressors as well as the incidence of diseases related to work among employees of the emergency medical department. In view of this, there is a necessity of developing both prevention and intervention programs. Key words: emergency medicine department, employees, professional stress, work ability Zdrav partnerski odnos: izhodišče za psihično in fizično zdravje človeka Healty intimate relationship: basis for mentally and psysicaly health for human being Lidija Bašič Jančar The Family Study and Research Centre, Dvor 12, 1210 Ljubljana Šentvid 26 basic.lidija@srcdljubljana.com n Ljudje so vsakodnevno vpeti v vrsto odnosov, daleč najpomembnejši odnosi za vsesplošno zdravje in dobro počutje, pa so najbolj intimni odnosi. Ti odnosi so pulatioo lahko izhodišče za varnost, dobro počutje in osebni razvoj, ali pa vir nesreče, ge p trpljenja in posledično slabega zdravstvenega stanja. Zakonsko zadovoljstvo je močno povezano s fizičnim zdravjem, učinkovitim soočanjem s stresom, čust-rking-ao veno počutjem, življenjskim zadovoljstvom in samozavestjo. Navezanost je temeljni regulacijski sistem, iz katerega izhajajo vzorci navezovanja in ravnanja v he wf t odnosih, še posebej najbolj intimnih. Preko razvoja mehanizma navezanosti se oblikuje organska struktura možganov, predvsem tistih delov, ki so odgovor-ealth o ni za integracijo izkustva. Interakcije z okoljem, posebej odnosi z drugimi ljud-mi, direktno oblikujejo razvoj strukture in funkcije možganov. Limbični sistem, še posebej amigdala in orbitofrontalni korteks imajo ključno vlogo pri social-pulacije | h nih interakcijah. Vzpostavljanje in ohranjanje medčloveških odnosov je temel-o jni motivacijski faktor in ne samoumevni razvojni proces, v katerega so ljudje neizogibno vpeti, temveč zahteva tudi temeljno zaupanje v človeško izkustvo. ktivne p Čustvena odzivnost, ranljivost, prepoznavanje lastnih čustvenih procesov in čustvena povezanost na novo pripomore k vzpostavljanju varne navezanosti, ki elovno a se lahko vzpostavi ponovno le v varnih odraslih, intimnih odnosih. Ključne besede: partnerski odnos, teorija navezanosti, nevropsihologija, zdravje d odnosi, zdravje. People participate in many different types of relationships every day, and by far the most important ones for overall health and wel -being are intimate relationships. These are a source of safety, wel -being and personal development, or can cause sadness, suffering and consequently poor health. Marital satisfaction is strongly connected to physical y health, ability to effectively cope with stress, emotional well-being, life satisfaction and self-esteem. Attachment is a basic regulatory system which forms patterns of affiliation and behaviour in relations, especial y the most intimate ones. Through the development of attachment mechanisms we form organic brain structure, especial y the parts responsible for integration of experience. Interactions with our environment, especially relationships with other people, directly shape the development of the brain structure and function. The limbic system, especial y the amygda-la and orbitofrontal cortex play a key role in social interactions. Establishing and maintaining human relations is a basic motivating factor and is not an obvious development process, inevitable to every person. It requires a basic trust in human experience. Emotional responsiveness, vulnerability, ability to identify own emotional processes and emotional connection help to establish a secure attachment, which can only be re-established in secure adult, intimate relationships. Key words: intimate relationship, attachment, neuropsychology, relationships, health. Psihofizične obremenitve delovno aktivne populacije v Sloveniji Psychophysical workloads of employees in Slovenia Eva Boštjančič, Zala Slana University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, 27 Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana eva.bostjancic@ff.uni-lj.si, zala.slana@gmail.com ežbo del u Izhodišča: Psihozifične obremenitve, ki jih posameznik dnevno doživlja na delovnem mestu, so pomembne tako za zaposlenega kot tudi za delodajalca. Potre-dno bno je, da se jih zavedamo in na njih opozarjamo ter težimo k zmanjševanju naro njihovih izvorov. Z vidika organizacije je pomemben vidik krepitve program-ed m ov ter postopkov, s katerimi zmanjšujemo njihov negativen učinek na zaposa z lene ter s tem ohranjamo oz. zvišujemo psihično in fizično zdravje. Metoda: V enc prispevku so uporabili kratko samoocenjevalno Lestvico psihofizičnega zdrav-feron ja (SPFZ-2; Majstorović, 2011), s pomočjo katere lahko ocenimo pojavnost pe-tih najpogostejših psihosomatskih težav pri zaposlenih. Rezultati: V raziskavi so analizirali prisotnost utrujenosti, motenj socialnega vedenja, motenj fizičnega kovna k zdravja, depresivnih reakcij ter strahu in anksioznosti pri različnih demograf-tro skih skupinah, ob koncu pa so simptome povezali tudi s področjem dejavnosti, a in s kjer so posamezniki zaposleni. Diskusija in zaključki: Izkazalo se je, da so demografske spremenljivke pomembno povezane z izpostavljenostjo psihofizičnim nanstven tveganjem. Jasna je povezava z izobrazbo (višja izobrazba je povezana z niž- 4. z jim tveganjem), medtem, ko povezave s starostjo in spolom niso enoznačne. O težavah s psihofizičnim zdravjem najpogosteje poročajo zaposleni v gradbeništ-vu, predelovalnih in informacijskih dejavnostih ter javni upravi. Ključne besede: psihofizično obremenitve, zdravje, zaposleni, Slovenija Introduction: Psychophysical workloads that an individual copes with daily on their workplace are important for the employee as well as the employer. It is important to be aware of them, warn about them and strive for reducing their sources. The build-up of programs and procedures is an important aspect, with which we reduce their negative effect on employee as well as maintain and increase their mental and physical health. Methods: This article will present a short self-evaluating scale of psychophysical health with the help of which we can evaluate the appearance of five most frequent psychosomatic problems with employees. Results: In the research, we will analyze the presence of exhaustion, social behavior disorders, physical disorders, depressive reactions, fear and anxiety at different demographic groups and at the end we wil connect the symptoms with the field of activity. Discussion and Conclusions: Research showed linkage between demographic variables and exposure to psychophysical risks. Connection to education is more straightforward (high education is connected to lower risk), meanwhile connection between to age and gender is not so clear. Psychophysical workloads are more frequent in construction, processing industry, information industry and civil service. Key words: psychophysical workloads, health, employees, Slovenia Terapevtski pristop kot pomembna intervencija pri izvajanju programa Projektno učenje mlajših odraslih (PUM-O) The therapeutic approach as an important intervention in the implementation of the program Project learning for young adults (PUM-O) 28 Nataša Demšar Pečak n The Family Study and Research Centre Ljubljana, Gorazdova 2, 1000 Ljubljana pulatio natasa.dp1@gmail.com o ge p V prispevku je predstavljen program »Projektno učenje mlajših odraslih« (PUM-O), katerega temeljni namen je razvijati potenciale ranljivih mlajših rking-a odraslih za uspešno vključevanje v izobraževanje, razvijanje poklicne identitete o in uspešno vključevanje na trg dela ter uspešno socialno integracijo. Ti mla-he wf t jši odrasli so iz različnih razlogov opustili izobraževanje in so brez delovnih iz-kušenj, zato spadajo med težje zaposljive. Zaradi oslabljenega duševnega zdra-ealth o vja posameznikov je lahko program tako za njih edina pot iz trenutne stiske in edina možnost ponovnega obvladovanja svojega življenja, kot tudi uspešnega soočanja z različnimi problemi. Ker program sicer ni terapevtski in mentorji pulacije | h praviloma nimajo terapevtskega znanja, je še kako pomembno, da poleg men-o torjev, v kolikor niso hkrati tudi terapevti, v programu redno sodelujejo tu-di relacijski terapevti. Pri večini udeležencev programa relacijske potrebe niso ktivne p zadovoljene, ta primanjkljaj pa se kaže v osamljenosti, nezadovoljstvu, strahu, obupu, samo-poškodovanju, brezciljnem životarjenju, nasilju, depresijah in ra-elovno a zličnih zasvojenostih. Veliko udeležencev s strani mentorjev-terapevtov prvič doživi varne, sočutne in spoštljive odnose, kot tudi občutek sprejetosti in vrednosti, kar vpliva na spremembo globoko ukoreninjenih simptomatičnih vzorcev zdravje d medosebnih interakcij udeležencev. Udeleženci programa tako doživljajo terapevtski pristop mentorjev-terapevtov kot pomembno intervencijo za pridobivanje novih pozitivnejših izkušenj, na podlagi katerih si pridobijo funkcionalno delovanje in boljši stik s seboj. Ključne besede: duševno zdravje, mlajši odrasli, terapevtski pristop, intervencija, medosebni odnosi This article presents the program Project Learning for Young Adult” (PUM-O), the main purpose of which is to develop the potential of vulnerable young adults for successful integration into education, the development of professional identity and successful integration into the labour market and successful so- cial integration. These young adults have different reasons for abandoning education and lack of work experience therefore they are more difficult to be employed. Due to the impaired mental health of individuals the program is the only way out of the current plight and the only possibility of re-control of their lives, as well as successful confrontation with various problems. Because the program is not a therapeutic one and the mentors general y are not therapists, it is extremely important that the mentors in the program, unless they are also therapists, include other relational therapists. With the majority of the participants their relational needs are not satisfied, so this deficit is reflected in loneli-ness, dissatisfaction, fear, despair, self-injuring, aimless vegetating, violence, depression and various additives. Many participants from mentors-therapists for the first time experience safe, compassionate and respectful relations, as wel as a sense of acceptance and value, which results in a change of symptomatic deep-rooted patterns of interpersonal interaction. Program participants also experienced a therapeutic approach of mentors-therapists as an important intervention for getting new positive experience on which they acquire functional activity and better contact with themselves. 29 Key words: mental health, young adults, therapeutic approach, intervention, interpersonal relations ežbo del u Vpliv skupinske terapije na zaznano kakovost življenja pri osebah, dno zasvojenih z alkoholom naro The impact of group therapy on quality of life of people ed m from alcohol dependence a z Lidija Dornik1, Urška Bogataj2, Mirko Prosen2 encfer 1 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana on 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola lidkad@gmail.com kovna k tro Izhodišča: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vplive zasvojenosti z alkoholom na posameznikovo življenje in njegovo kakovost življenja, njegovo uspešnost a in s spopadanja z odvisnostjo in socialno reintegracijo pri osebah, ki so bile vključene v skupinsko terapijo. Metode: Uporabljena je bila metoda sekundarne nanstven analize podatkov. Podatki so bili zbrani aprila leta 2015 s pomočjo delno struk-4. z turiranega anketnega vprašalnika na priložnostnem vzorcu 44 udeležencev skupinske terapije v enem izmed Društev zdravljenih alkoholikov v štajerski regiji. V vzorcu je bilo največ moških (n=33; 75 %); največ anketiranih je bi-lo uvrščenih v starostni razred 50-59 let (n=15; 34,1 %); največ jih je zaključilo srednješolsko izobraževanje (n=17; 38,6 %). Rezultati so bili obdelani z osnovno deskriptivno in analitično statistiko (hi-kvadrat test, Fisher test) s programom SPSS verzija 20. Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo, da sodelovanje na skupinski terapiji pozitivno vpliva na zdravljenje zasvojenosti z alkoholom in izboljšuje kakovost življenja, vendar je to neodvisno od demografskih spremenljivk. Rezultati so pokazali, da je skupinska terapije nenadomestljiv del v zdravljenju in reha-bilitaciji zasvojenosti. Diskusija in zaključki: Zdravljenje sindroma zasvojenosti od alkohola je uspešno zgolj s popolno abstinenco in zdravim načinom življenja, kar je možno trajno vzdrževati v skupinah ali klubih zdravljenih alkoholikov. Potrebno je ozaveščanje laične in strokovne javnosti in preventiva pred zasvo-jenostjo z alkoholom. Podpora javnega zdravstva pri razvoju tovrstnih skupin je dobra in pametna strokovna naložba. Ključne besede: duševno zdravje, življenjski stil, podpora, zdravstvena nega, klubi zdravljenih alkoholikov Introduction: The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of alcohol dependence on individual’s life and its quality of life, its performance to cope with dependence and social reintegration of the persons who were involved in group therapy. Methods: The secondary data analysis was used. Data were col ected by using a semi-structured questionnaire in April 2015. The convenience sample of 44 participants attending group therapy in one of the Alcohol recovery centres in Styria region was applied. The sample included mostly men (n=33; 75 %); the large proportion of the participants was between 50-59 years (n=15; 34.1 %); most of the participants have completed upper secondary education (n=17; 38.6 %). The results were analysed with SPSS ver. 20 by us-30 ing descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square test, Fisher test). Results: The findings suggest that participation in group therapy has a positive effect on the n treatment of alcohol dependence and improves the quality of life, regardless of demographic variables. The results suggest that group therapy is irreplaceable pulatioo part in the treatment and rehabilitation of addiction. Discussion and Conclusions: ge p Treatment of the syndrome of alcohol dependence is successful only with complete abstinence and healthy lifestyle, which can be permanently maintained in rking-a groups or clubs for recovering alcoholics. It is necessary to raise awareness of o the lay and expert public and prevention of alcohol dependence. Support of he wf t public health sector in the development of such groups is good professional investment that on a long term is worthwhile. ealth o Key words: mental health, lifestyle, support, nursing, alcohol recovery centres Čuječnost kot pristop za izboljšanje duševnega zdravja delovno pulacije | ho aktivne populacije Mindfulness as an approach for enhancing the mental health ktivne p of working population Maja Frencl Žvanut elovno a University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education, Kardeljeva ploščad 4, Ljubljana info@cujecna-soba.com zdravje d Čuječnost je definirana kot nepresojajoče, osredotočeno opazovanje posameznikovih zaznav, misli in emocij v sedanjem trenutku s prijaznostjo, radovednostjo in sprejemanjem. Vsak posameznik ima do določene mere v sebi vgrajeno sposobnost biti čuječen, tako imenovano dispozicijsko čuječnost, ki pa se od posameznika do posameznika razlikuje. Visoka dispozicijska čuječnost je povezana z višjo psihološko odpornostjo, boljšimi mehanizmi soočanja s stresom, in psihološkim dobrim počutjem. Čuječnost se podobno kot veščina lahko tudi razvija kot veščina. Glede na navedene pozitivne učinke čuječnosti na mentalno zdravje, so bili razviti in implementirani številni na čuječnosti temelječi programi s ciljem zmanjšanja simptomov stresa, izgorevanja, anksioznosti in depresije. V zadnjem desetletju so številne organizacije prepoznale učinkovitost čuječnosti in ponudile svojim zaposlenim različne tečaje čuječnosti s ciljem povečati produktivnost in zmanjšati negativne posledice delovnega stresa. Namen pričujočega prispevka je promovirati čuječnost kot pristop za izboljšan-je duševnega zdravja delovno aktivne populacije, predstaviti izsledke relevantnih študij, kako čuječnost lahko pomaga zaposlenim, da izboljšajo svoje dobro počutje. Prispevek razpravlja tudi o problematiki implementacije čuječnosti v realno delovno okolje. Management organizacij mora obravnavati čuječnost kot strateško, dolgoročno naložbo v zdravje zaposlenih in njihovo zadovoljstvo pri delu in nenazadnje povečanje delovne učinkovitosti. Ključne besede: čuječnost, programi, delovno aktivna populacija, učinkovitost, duševno zdravje Mindfulness is defined as non-judgmental, concentrated observation of one’s perceptions, thoughts, and emotions in the present moment, with an attitude of kindness, curiosity, and acceptance. Each person, to some extent, has an inherited ability to be mindful, cal ed dispositional mindfulness, which varies from individual to individual. Higher dispositional mindfulness is associated 31 with higher levels of psychological resilience, better stress coping mechanisms, and psychological wel -being. Mindfulness can be trained as wel . Due to afore-ežbo mentioned positive aspects of mindfulness on mental health, several mindful-del ness-based training programs were developed and implemented in order to u diminish the symptoms of stress, burnout, anxiety and depression. In last de-dno cade, several organisations recognised the effectiveness of mindfulness and of-naro fer to their employee’s different mindfulness trainings to enhance productivity ed m and diminish the negative consequences of work stress. The aim of this con-a z tribution is to promote mindfulness as an approach to enhancing the mental enc health of working population, explain how mindfulness can help the employ-feron ees to improve their wel -being according to recent researches. Furthermore, the implementation of mindfulness in the real-life work settings are discussed. Mindfulness should be treated by the management as a strategical, long-term kovna k investment in the employees’ health, job satisfaction, and final y, work produc-tro tivity. a in s Key words: Mindfulness, training, working population, productivity, mental health nanstven 4. z Odnosi v relaciji življenjska prožnost zaposlenih in vodenje sodobne zdravstvene nege Relations between personal resilience of the employee and contemporary health care management Nataša Hvala, Aleksandra Ferfolja Psychiatric hospital, Pot sv. Antona 49, 5280 Idrija natasahva@gmail.com Izhodišča: Življenjska prožnost (rezilienca) je dinamičen proces za katerega je značilna splošna življenjska prilagodljivost in prožnost posameznika, da kljub težavam ohranja svoj pričakovani razvoj. Izraža se v lastnostih samozaupan-ja, občutka (samo)obvladovanja življenjskih situacij, odločnosti, nadzoru in vz-trajnosti. Vključuje prilagodljivost in prožnost vedenja na izjemne ali vsakdan- je zunanje pritiske v delovnih okoljih, ki so jim izpostavljene medicinske sestre. Izhodišče v fizično, predvsem pa čustveno zahtevnem poklicu, so tako zado-voljevanje potreb drugega kot prizadevanja, da bi z izrednimi dosežki zadovol-jili pričakovanja drugih (prisilno altruistični perfekcionizem). Ob visokih pričakovanjih delovnih organizacij ter težkih delovnih pogojih se medicinske sestre srečujejo z izgorelostjo in s stresom povezanimi boleznimi. Namen prispevka je predstaviti pojem rezilientnosti oziroma življenjske prožnosti ter poiska-ti načine za izboljšanje odpornosti in dobrega počutja zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi na individualni in organizacijski ravni. Metode dela: Uporabljen je bil sistematičen pregled literature objavljene med leti 2010 in 2017. Dostop do literature je bil omogočen preko podatkovnih baz Medline, Cinahl with full text, PubMed. Rezultati: Prepoznani dejavniki za ohranjanje življenjske prožnosti so varno in skrbno okolje, ki postavlja realno visoka pričakovanja, zagotavljanje ustrezne pomoči in podpore ter pozitivnega mišljenja in opolnomočenja. Diskusija: Upravljanje zdravstvenih zavodov in/ ali kliničnih okoljih v negotovih, tur-bulentnih časih, pomeni usmerjanje pozornosti managerjev in/ ali vodij tudi v 32 delovno silo, ki jo predstavljajo medicinske sestre. Izziv predstavlja ustvarjalno delovno okolje, ki za seboj nosi poudarjanje mehkih veščin. Pomeni razumeti n življenjsko prožnost in izvajati ukrepe za razvijanje sposobnosti zaposlenih za ohranjanje le-te. pulatioo Ključne besede: rezilienca, življenjska prožnost, zdravstvena nega na področju ge p psihiatrije in duševnega zdravja, vodenje rking-a Introduction: Resilience is a dynamic process with one main characteristic – geno eral life adaptability and flexibility of individuals, who maintain their expected he wf t development despite different crisis. It is manifested through self-confidence, feeling of (self)control over life situations, determination, control and persever-ealth o ance. It includes behaviour adaptability and flexibility towards extreme or everyday external pressures in work environments that nurses are exposed to. The starting point in physical and above all emotional y demanding profession pulacije | h is to fulfil the needs of others and the effort to fulfil the expectations of others o with exceptional results. Along high expectations by work organisations and difficult working conditions, nurses are burnout and have to deal with stress re-ktivne p lated diseases. The purpose of this article is to present the idea of resilience and to find methods to improve the resistance and wel being of employees in elovno a health care on individual and organisational level. Methods: The paper presents the synthesis of articles published between 2010 and 2017. A comprehensive and systematic literature review was performed using the databases Med-zdravje d line, Cinahl with full text, PubMed. Results: This study confirmed that safe and attentive environment that sets up realistic expectations and ensure proper assistance, support, positive feelings and empowerment is important determinants of resilience in nurses. Discussion: The management of health care institutions and/or clinical environments in uncertain and turbulent times signifies that managers and leaders aim attention to the nurses. Creative work environment is a chal enge that accentuates “soft” skil s. It indicates the understanding of resilience and implementing the measures to develop and maintain employee’s capacities. Key words: resilience, flexibility/ life balance, mental health nursing, management. Absentizem kot posledica duševnih težav med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi Absenteeism due to mental health problems among employees in nursing Brigita Jeretina1, Katja Krt2, Andrej Starc1 1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija, 2 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinic of Surgery, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija brigita.jeretina2@gmail.com, katja_krt@hotmail.com, andrej.starc@zf.uni-lj.si Izhodišča: Absentizem je pojem, s katerim opredeljujemo odsotnost ali izos-tanek zaposlenega z delovnega mesta, in se meri s frekvenco manjkajočih 33 delovnih dni. Neposredno je povezan s posledicami, kot so primanjkljaj zdravstvenega osebja, zmanjšanje morale pri zaposlenih ter prekinjena kontinuite-ežbo ta oskrbe pacientov. Vzroke absentizma pogosto pripisujemo težavam v dušev-del nem zdravju. Pojav duševnih težav pri medicinskih sestrah je pogosto posledica u narave dela in delovnih razmer v zdravstvu. Metode: V prispevku bo uporablje-dno na deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom slovenske in angleške strokovne in naro znanstvene literature z obravnavanega področja. Iskanje literature bo poteka-ed m lo s pomočjo bibliografskega sistema COBISS ter podatkovnih baz: CINAHL, a z Medline (PubMed), Cochrane in Springerlink. Rezultati: Mnogo raziskovalcev se enc ukvarja z vprašanjem dejavnikov tveganja, ki vodijo k absentizmu pri medicin-fer skih sestrah. Pričakujemo, da je odsotnost z dela povezana s preobremen-on jenostjo na delovnem mestu, previsokimi delovnimi zahtevami ter nezadovoljstvom z delom. Pričakujemo tudi, da se med duševnimi težavami najpogosteje kovna k pojavljajo depresija, anksioznost in stres. Diskusija: Na podlagi predhodnih ug-tro otovitev raziskovalcev želimo podati smernice za raziskovanje duševnih težav a in s med medicinskimi sestrami na slovenskem področju. Ključne besede: medicinska sestra, odsotnost z dela, duševno zdravje, nanstven nezadovoljstvo z delom 4. z Introduction: Absenteeism is a phenomenon that describes absence at work and is measured as a frequency of missing days at work. It is directly related to consequences such as nursing staff shortage, low employee morale and disrup-tions in continuity of patient care. Causes of absenteeism are often attributed to mental health problems. In nursing manifestations of mental health problems are often caused by the nature of work and working conditions. Methods: In this paper, a descriptive methodology with literature review in Slovenian and English language has been used. Union bibliographic database COBBISS and CINAHL, Medline (PubMed), Cochrane and Springerlink databases have been searched. Results: Many researchers have been studying risk factors which cause and/or influence the absenteeism in nursing. The causes for absenteeism are expected to be overload of work, excessive work demands and job dissatisfaction. Also, depression, anxiety and stress are expected to be recognized as the most frequent mental health problems. Discussion: Based on previous findings guidelines for further research on mental health among nurses in Slovenia will be presented. Key words: nurse, absence from work, mental health, job dissatisfaction Delovno zadovoljstvo in duševno zdravje medicinskih sester Job satisfaction and mental health of nurses Mateja Lorber, Barbara Kegl University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor mateja.lorber@um.si, barbara.kegl@um.si Izhodišča: Skrb za zadovoljstvo na delovnem metu in duševno zdravje medicinskih sester je pomembno za doseganje večje kakovosti zdravstvene oskrbe in zadovoljstva pacientov. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti delovno zadovoljstvo in duševno zdravje medicinskih sester. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 640 34 medicinskih sester iz osmih slovenskih bolnišnic, zaposlenih na internih in kirurških oddelkih. Podatki so bili obdelani z računalniškim programom SPSS, 20.0. n Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna statistika in One –Way ANOVA za ugotavljanje statistično značilnih razlik. Cronbach Alpha je znašal 0,877. Rezultati: Ugotovl-pulatioo jeno je bilo, da je delovno zadovoljstvo medicinskih sester na srednji ravni, 85 % ge p medicinskih sester ocenjuje svoje duševno zdravje kot dobro. Glede na oceno duševnega zdravja so bile ugotovljene statistično značilne razlike glede na sto-rking-ao pnjo izobrazbe (F=1,994, p=0,002), delovno dobo (F=1,576; p=0,031), izpostavljenost stresu (F=8,727; p<0,001) ter obvladovanje stresa (F=1,610; p=0,025). he wf t Diskusija in zaključki: Pomembno je zavedanje medicinskih sester, da ima zadovoljstvo in dobro počutje na delovnem mestu velik pomen za posameznika in ealth o za organizacijo. Pripomore k zdravju, boljšim odnosom, lažjemu premagovanju ovir na delovnem mestu, večji storilnosti in manjši odsotnosti z dela. Vodja mo-ra skrbeti za zadovoljstvo, dobro počutje in zdravje zaposlenih, saj bo le tako pulacije | h lahko dosegel zastavljene cilje ter pripomogel k večji motiviranosti in učinkovi-o tosti. ktivne p Ključne besede: zdravstvena nega, delovno zadovoljstvo, duševno zdravje, kakovost elovno a Introduction: To achieve a higher quality of care and patients’ satisfaction, it is important to take care for mental health and job satisfaction of employees in nursing. The aim of the study was to find out the level of nurses’ mental health, zdravje d and job satisfaction. Methods: The study included 640 nurses from eight Slovenian hospitals, employed on department of internal medicine and surgery. The data were analyzed with the computer program SPSS 20.0. It was used descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA to determine statistical significant differences. Cronbach Alpha was 0.877. Results: It was found that the job satisfaction of nurses is at medium level. 85 % of nurses assessed their mental health as wel . According to the assessment of mental health were found statistical y significant differences by the level of education (F=1.994, p=0.002), working years (F=1.576; p=0.031), exposure to stress (F=8.727; p <0.001) and stress management (F=1.610; p=0.025). Discussion and conclusions: It is important that the high level of job satisfaction and wel -being are important for every individual and al- so for the organization. It can contribute to better health, better relationships, overcoming obstacles in the workplace, higher productivity and lower absenteeism. Leaders must take care of job satisfaction, wel -being and health for al employees, because only in that way they can achieve goals and contribute to the greater motivation and efficiency. Key words: nursing, job satisfaction, mental health, quality Dejavniki tveganja za razvoj poporodne depresije The risk factors for development of Postpartum depression Štefica Mikšić Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, Croatia steficamiksic@gmail.com Izhodišča: Cilj raziskave je bil preučiti dejavnike tveganja za razvoj poporodne depresije. Metoda: Študija je bila izvedena s pomočjo anonimne ankete pri 35 nosečnicah v obdobju od 28. do 40. tedna nosečnosti. Za prepoznavo nosečnic, ki imajo povečano tveganje za razvoj poporodne depresije je bila uporablje-ežbo na Edinburška lestvica poporodne depresije (EPDS). Rezultati: Anketiranke, ki del u so po Edinburškem lestvici poporodne depresije dosegle rezultat >12, so bile uvrščene med kandidatke s povečanim tveganjem za razvoj poporodne depre-dno sije. Največje tveganje za razvoj poporodne depresije predstavljajo način poro-naroed da, starost nosečnice in obporodne depresije, ki so zaradi tega tudi pomembni m napovedniki razvoja poporodne depresije. Zaključek: Tveganje za razvoj popo-a z rodne depresije ni dovolj raziskano v naši državi, zato bi bilo dobro, če bi se v enc okviru ginekološko-porodniške obravnave izvajalo presejanje za poporodno feron depresijo, kot to priporoča Ameriško združenje porodničarjev in ginekologov (ACOG). kovna k Ključne besede: nosečnost, poporodna depresija, dejavniki tveganja tro Introduction: The aim of the study was to examine the risk factors for devel-a in s opment of postpartum depression. Methods: The study was conducted as an anonymous survey in pregnant women from the 28th to 40th week of pregnancy. Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) was used in the study nanstven 4. z to identify pregnant women who have an enhanced risk of developing the postpartum depression. Results: The respondents who scored >12 on Edinburgh scale had an increased risk of developing the postpartum depression. The biggest risk for developing postpartum depression has a way of birth, maternal age and perinatal depression which is a significant predictor for the development of postpartum depression. Conclusion: The risk of developing postpartum depression has not been studied sufficiently in our country and it would be good to make a screening for postpartum depression in gynecological surgeries as recommended by the American Col ege of Obstetricians and Gyne-cologists (ACOG). Key words: pregnancy, postpartum depression, risk factors Vpliv deloholizma na zaznavanje negativnega stresa med zdravstvenimi delavci: primer Turčije Effects on stress levels of workaholısm ın health workers, the case of Turkey Sema Oglak1, Esin Durmaz2 1 University of Adnan Menderes, Faculty of Administration and Economics Sciences of Labour Economics, Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relationships, Nazilli-Aydın, TURKEY 2 University of Health Sciences, Research and Training Hospital of Şişli Hamidiye Etfal, Halaskargazi Cad. Etfal Sk.34371 Şişli- İstanbul, TURKEY sema.oglak@adu.edu.tr, essindurmaz@gmail.com Izhodišča: Pomanjkanje jasnosti opisov delovnih mest zdravstvenih delavcev vo-di k prekomerni delovni obremenjenost in nejasnosti delovnih nalog in vlog, kar je eden od ključnih dejavnikov negativnega stresa, povezanega z delom. V delovnih okoljih pa je negativni stres, ki izhaja iz teh dejavnikov pogosto prez-36 rt; ukrepov v delovnih okoljih pa ni. Deloholizem je eden od vidikov posledic n neustrezno organiziranega delovnega procesa. Učinki delohalizma na splošno so lahko pozitivni ali negativni. Med negativne uvrščamo neustrezne odnose s pulatio sodelavci, zamujanje, povečevanje pritožb in poslabšanje izvedbe dela. Cilj te o raziskave je bil preučiti razmerje med deloholizmomo zdravstvenih delavcev ge p in stresom, povezanim z delom. Zanimalo nas je, kako so demografske spremenljivke povezane z deloholizmom in ravnjo stresa. Metoda: Ta študija je birking-ao la izvedena na 150 zdravstvenih delavcev na Şisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and he w Training Public Hospital at University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turčija. Po-f t datki raziskave so bili zbrali med 1. marcem in 28. aprilom 2016. Za pridobljene podatke smo analizirali deskriptivne statistike in izvedli t-test razlik za prouče-ealth o vane skupine. Rezultati: Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da med stopnjo deloholizma in stresa obstaja pomembna pozitivna povezava. Statistično bile ugotovljene pomembne razlike med moškimi in ženskimi skupinami glede ravni stresa (p pulacije | ho <0,05). Rezultati kažejo, da se stopnja stresa razlikuje glede na spol in trajanje delovne dobe ter po področju (oddelkih) dela. Diskusija: Zagotavljanje ustrez-ktivne p nih delovnih pogojev zdravstvenih delavcev in podpora pri soočanju z deloholizmom in negativnim stresom, povezanim z delom, mora biti eden od ključnih ciljev delovnih okolij. elovno a Key words: deloholizem, stres, zdravstveni delavci, bolnišnična okolja zdravje d Introduction: Due to the lack of clarity of job descriptions of health workers; the resulting excess workload and uncertainty of the tasks can be seen as the most important factors in strengthening working life. The stress of living in this situation is ignored, neglected and if significantly measures are not taken in time; It can cause a lot of negative situations, especially workaholism. Workaholism is a positive or negative phenomenon. Some have argued that workaholism is associated with a high level of stress. Behaviors or changes in the nature, bro-ken relationships with colleagues, tardiness, prolonging complaints, and decreasing of performance are indications that the work-related stress is not in a re-asonable issues. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between workaholism of health workers and work-related stress, concurently, whether the levels of work-life and the associatred stress significantly differed from the demographic variables. Method: This study was carried out to 150 health workers at Şisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Public Hospital at University of Health Sciences, İstanbul-Turkey. The research data were col ected between 01 March and 28 April 2016 with a survey prepared by the researchers. Number, percentage calculation, and t test in dependent groups were used in the data analysis. Results: In the analysis that was concluded that the participants had a meaningful relationship between the levels of workaholism and stress. There is a positive relationship between the level of stress and workaholism. Statistical y significant differences were found between male and female groups in terms of stress levels (p <0.05). On the other hand, results indicate that the level of stress differs by sex, and the degree of work-life, differs by departments in the hospital. Discussion: Considering the working conditions of health care workers, providing the most suitable working conditions and supporting them to cope with their workaholism and stresses should be the goal. Key words: workaholism, stress, health workers, hospital 37 Stres, povezan z delom, in kakovost življenja medicinskih sester ežbo Work related stressors and quality of life of nurses del u Jelena Pavlović, Nataša Radović, Maja Račić, Sandra Joković, Natalija Hadživuković dno Faculty of medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina pjelena551@gmail.com naroed m Izhodišča: Sindrom izgorelosti je stanje duševne in fizične izčrpanosti, ki ga pov-a z zroča prekomerno in dolgotrajno doživljanje negativnega stresa. Namen ra-enc ziskave je bil ugotoviti vpliv stresnih dejavnikov na kakovost življenja zdravst-feron venih delavcev na kirurškem in internističnem oddelku. Metoda: Študija je bila zasnovana kot presečna raziskava na vzorcu 150 udeležencev. Raziskava je bila kovna k izvedena v Univerzitetni bolnišnici Foča, in sicer na kirurškem in internističnem tro oddelku. Uporabljeni vprašalnik je meril demografske spremenljivke, vprašanja za oceno zdravstvenega stanja in stopnje stresa, povezanega z delom zdravst-a in s venih delavcev. Statistična analiza je bila opravljena s pomočjo SPSS statistične-ga programskega paketa. Rezultati: Pogostost pojava izgorelosti kot posledica nanstven doživljanja kroničnega stresa je visoka (20 %). Nižja stopnja kakovosti življen-4. z ja udeležencev raziskave se je pokazala na področju duševnega zdravja (49,36 %) in vitalnosti (62,93 %). Med udeleženci raziskave iz kirurškega oddelka je najbolj prisotna preobremenjenost z delom (82,60 %) in slabša kakovost življenja. Zaključek: Na kirurškem oddelku so najpogostejši dejavniki stresa in zmanjšane kakovosti življenja: preobremenjenost z delom, finančne ovire, pomanjkanje kadra. Ključne besede: stresorji, povezani z delom, medicinske sestre, kakovost življenja Introduction. Burnout syndrome is a state of mental and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of stress factors on the quality of life between patients in the surgical and internal department. Methodology. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study with 150 subjects. The research was conducted at the University Hospital Foca, surgical and internist at the wards. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire to assess the health situation and the scale of stress in the workplace of hospital health workers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software package. Results. The frequency of the burnout syndrome professional as a response to chronic stress is high (20 %). The lower level of the quality of health of the respondents was found in the mean mental health (49.36 %) and vitality (62.93 %). In patients on the surgical ward is most obvious overload (82.60 %) and have a lower quality of life. Conclusion. The most common stress-related factors in patients on the surgical ward with a worse quality of life are overloaded with work, financial con-straints, call time, a small number of health care workers. Key words. Professional stressful factors, nurses, quality of life. Delovna obremenitev za delo sposobnih neformalnih oskrbovalcev obolelih svojcev 38 The workload of work-capable caregivers n Jadranka Plužarić, Ivana Barać Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek; pulatio Cara Hadrijana street, 10E, Croatia o jpluzaric@mefos.hr, ivana.barac@mefos.hr ge p Izhodišča: Dolgotrajna skrb za bolnega družinskega člana je naporna in lahko rking-ao ogrozi zdravje neformalnega oskrbovalca. Zagotavljanje nege in oskrbe bližn-jemu lahko privede do pojava simptomov, povezanih s kroničnim stresom: dol-he wf t gotrajne fizične in psihične obremenitve, zaznavanje nepredvidljivosti poteka dogodkov in zaznavanje pomanjkanja nadzora nad situacijo oz. zaznavanje ealth o nemoči. To ima lahko negativne posledice tudi na druga življenjska področja oskrbovalca: na delo, družinsko življenje in socialno življenje, ter negativno vpliva na kakovost življenja oskrbovalca in obolelega svojca. Namen tega prispe-pulacije | h vka je proučiti zaznavanja obremenjenosti med delovno sposobnimi neformalo nimi oskrbovalci bolnega družinskega člana. Metode: Raziskava je bila izvedena v zdravstveni instituciji leta 2017. V raziskavi so sodelovali delovno sposobni ktivne p neformalni oskrbovalci bolnega družinskega člana, ki za družinskega člana skrbijo več kot šest mesecev. Kot merski instrument je bil uporabljen »indeks elovno a obremenitve neformalnega osrbovalca«. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 92 udeležencev, od tega 78 žensk in 14 moških. Starost udeležencev je bila med 30 in 65 let, različne stopnje izobrazbe in različnega zaposlitvenega statusa. Do-zdravje d bljeni rezultati kažejo na visoko stopnjo obremenitve negovalcev in visoko stopnjo zaznavanja stresa za 64 od 92 udeležencev raziskave. Diskusija: Z analizo podatkov, pridobljenih z vprašalnikom, posamično ali kot celota, smo potrdili prisotnost problemov na vseh proučevanih področjih. Potrdili smo pred-postavko o doživljanju visoke stopnje obremenjenosti in negativnega stresa med neformalnimi oskrbovalci bolnih družinskih članov. Ključne besede: neformalni oskrbovalci, stres, zaposlitev Introduction: Long-term healthcare for an ill family member can be extremely exhausting and considerably jeopardize the health of the caregiver. Providing healthcare has all the symptoms of chronic stress disorder: physical and psychi- cal strain for a long time period, unpredictability and impossibility of controlling events can result in occurence of secondary stress on different levels of one’s life aspects, i.e. work, family life and social life, and can also decrease quality of life for caregiver as for the patient as wel . The aim of this paper is to examine the sense of pressure in work-capable caregivers that care for an ill family member. Methods: Research has been conducted in Institution for Healthcare in march 2017. Examinees were work-capable informal caretakers that care for ill family member for more than six months. As a measuring instrument an „index of caregiver’s load“ was used. Results: Research covered 92 examinees, of which 78 were female and 14 were male. Age of examinees varied between 30 and 65. They were of different degree of education and different employment status. Obtained results show exceptional load in being a caregiver and high level of stress for 64 of 92 examinees. Discussion: By analyzing the questionnaire individual y or as a whole, a presence of problem in all examined areas is evident, and assumption of significant load of caregiver’s role is confirmed, as wel as high level of stress in persons that provide care for ill family member. 39 Key words: informal caregivers, stress, employment ežbo Vnašanje narave v delovna mesta: percepcije zaposlenih del o svojih pisarnah u Bringing nature into workspaces: Employees’ perceptions dno of their offices. naroed Marko Posavčević1, Katarina Babnik2, Michael D. Burnard3 m 1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences a z and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, Koper encfer 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, Izola on 3 University of Primorska, Institute Andrej Marušič, Muzejski trg 2, Koper marko.posavcevic@famnit.upr.si, katarina.babnik@fvz.upr.si, kovna k michael.burnard@iam.upr.si. tro Izhodišča: Vnašanje narave v notranje grajeno okolje preko dizajna ponuja preda in s nosti, ki presegajo klasične vidike oblikovanja notranjih prostorov. Restorativni okoljski in ergonomski dizajn predstavlja novo paradigmo oblikovanja grajene-nanstven ga okolja, saj nizke okoljske vplive trajnostne gradnje dopolnjuje s poudarjan-4. z jem uporabnikovega blagostanja, ki ga spodbuja prek stika z naravo. Metode: Na podlagi ključnih ugotovitev s področja restorativnega okoljskega in ergonomskega dizajna so avtorji oblikovali vprašalnik, ki je bil uporabljen v spletni anketi, katere namen je bil določiti, kako je dizajn pisarn povezan z blagostanjem zaposlenih, in oceniti stanje pisarniških prostorov v Sloveniji. Z uporabo metode strukturnega modeliranja so avtorji analizirali podatke, pridobljene od 401 udeleženca. Vzorec je zajemal pisarniške delavce, zaposlene v različnih slovenskih podjetjih. Rezultati: Končni model je pokazal povezavo med različni-mi vidiki naravnosti dizajna pisarn in blagostanjem zaposlenih. Z blagostanjem zaposlenih se povezujejo: prisotnost naravnih elementov v dizajnu (vse od prisotnosti lesa in rastlin do kvalitete zraka ter osvetljenosti prostorov), zaznana »naravnost« pisarniškega prostora in njegova restorativnost. Diskusija in zaključki: Dobljeni rezultati kažejo priložnost za izboljšanje stanja pisarniških pros- torov v Sloveniji, da bi njihov dizajn približali načelom restorativnega okoljskega in ergonomskega dizajna. Rezultati te raziskave lahko obenem služijo kot spod-buda oblikovalcem in vodjem, da stremijo k oblikovanju zdravih delovnih okolij. Ključne besede: grajeno okolje, pisarne, restorativni okoljski in ergonomski dizajn, strukturno modeliranje Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on key findings in REED and a web survey was performed to determine how the design of office spaces is linked to employee wel -being and assess the state of office spaces in Slovenia. 401 responses from office workers employed in various businesses in Slovenia were analysed using structural equation model ing. Results: The model revealed a relationship between various aspects of the presence of nature in office space design and employee wel -being. The presence of elements of nature (ranging from the presence of wood and plants to perceived air quality and lighting conditions), perceived naturalness of the office space, and its restorativeness were linked to occupant wel -being. Discussion and conclusions: The results show an 40 opportunity to improve the state of Slovenian office spaces regarding their ad-herence to the principles of REED. The present results should serve as encour-n agement for designers and managers to strive towards creating healthful work environments. pulatioo Key words: built environment, offices, restorative environmental and ge p ergonomic design, structural equation modelling rking-ao Obremenjenost zdravstvenih delavcev he w v urgentnem centru izbrane regijske bolnišnice f t Strain on healthcare workers at the emergency center of chosen regional hospital ealth o Petrischa Robnik1, David Kac2 1 General Hospital Slovenj Gradec pulacije | ho 2 Medical Emergency Rescue Center Koroška petrischa.robnik@gmail.com, dakar007@gmail.com ktivne p Izhodišča: Današnji stres se pomembno razlikuje od stresa, ki se je pojavljal pred mnogimi leti, postal je stalnica v vsakdanjem življenju. Zdravstveni delavci elovno a so poklicna skupina, ki so zaradi obremenjenosti pogosto izpostavljeni stresnim situacijam. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti ali so zaposleni v urgentnem centru v izbrani regijski bolnišnici pri svojem delu v stresu. Prav tako smo želeli ugot-zdravje d oviti prisotnost izgorelosti pri zaposlenih v urgentnem centru. Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodo dela. Za zbiranje podatkov smo kot instrument uporabili nestandardizirani anketni vprašalnik, ki smo ga oblikovali na podlagi pregleda literature. Uporabili smo neslučajnostni, priročni vzorec. V vzorec smo vključili vse izvajalce zdravstvene nege (33) zaposlene v urgentnem centru. Vrnjenih smo dobili 23 anketnih vprašalnikov, kar pomeni 70 odstotno izvedbo vzorca. V raziskavi je sodelovalo tudi deset zdravnikov, ki so bili v času anketiranja zaposleni v urgentnem centru. Podatki so bili analizirani s pomoč- jo statističnega programa IBM SPSS 23.0. Koeficient Cronbach alfa je za vsak posamezni sklop presegel vrednost 0,7. Rezultati: Zaposleni so najbolj v stresu zaradi nočnega dela, ki moti njihov bioritem in zaradi preveliko administra- tivnega dela, kjer je povprečje na lestvici od 1 do 5 nad 4. Na to trditev je od desetih zdravnikov s 5 odgovorilo osem zdravnikov. Pri zaposlenih ni posebej izraženega dejavnika, ki bi vplival na izgorelost zaposlenih v urgentnem centru, najbolj izstopata trditvi, da si na delovnem mestu preveč prizadevajo (PV=3, 2) in občutek, da so na delovnem mestu izgoreli (PV=2,7). Zaposleni, ki navajajo višjo stopnjo stresa doma in izgorevanja v službi se premalo trudijo za preprečevanje izgorevanja. Razprava: Stres je pri zaposlenih v urgentnem centru izbrane regijske bolnišnice zmerno prisoten. Zaposleni so v stresu zaradi preveč administrativnega dela in nočne službe, ki moti njihov bioritem. Pri svojem delu niso izgoreli. Zaposleni, ki čutijo izgorelost doma in v službi, premalo skrbijo za preprečevanje slednjega. Večina zaposlenih si želi več pogovorov s sodelavci in izražajo željo po metodah (predvsem team building), s pomočjo katerih bi lahko zmanjševali nastali stres, zato vodstvu izbrane regijske bolnišnice predlaga-mo ponovitev raziskave v celotni organizaciji in več poudarka na preprečevanju stresa v službi. Ključne besede: obremenjenost, stres, izgorevanje, zdravstveni delavci. 41 Intoduction: Today’s stress significantly differs from stress that occurred many years ago, it became a constant in everyday life. Healthcare workers are an oc-ežbo cupational group that is frequently exposed to stressful situations due to their del workload. With this research we tried to establish whether the employees at u the chosen emergency center are under stress while they are working. We al-dno so wanted to determine the presence of burnout among the employees of the naro emergency center. Methods: We applied a quantitative work method. We used ed m a non-standardized questionnaire as an instrument for data col ection, which a z we designed after reviewing the literature. We used a non-random, conve-enc nience sample. The sample included all nursing personnel (33) working at the feron emergency center. We got 23 answered questionnaires back, which is 70 per cent of the sample. Ten physicians, who were employed at the emergency center at the time, were also involved in the research. The obtained data was an-kovna k alyzed using the statistical program IBM SPSS 23.0. The Cronbach alpha coeffi-tro cient exceeded the value of 0.7 for each individual set. Results: The employees a in s feel stressed mainly because of night work, which disrupts their biorhythm and due to too much paperwork, where average on a scale from 1 to 5 is above 4. nanstven Eight out of ten physicians responded with a 5 to this argument. There is no 4. z particularly expressed factor which would cause the burnout of employees at the emergency center, most obvious arguments are that they are too invest-ed in their work (AV=3.2) and feeling burned-out in the workplace (AV=2.7). Employees who are indicating a higher level of stress at home and burnout at work are not trying enough to prevent the burnout. Discussion: Stress is moderately present among the staff at the emergency center of the chosen regional hospital. Employees are under stress because of too much paperwork and working nights, which disrupts their biorhythm. They do not feel burned-out at the workplace. Employees who feel burned-out at home and at work, are not trying enough to prevent it. Most of the employees wish to talk more with coworkers and express a desire for methods (especial y team building) which could help reduce stress, that is why we suggest the management of the region- al hospital conducts the research again, this time within the entire organization, and that it does more to prevent stress in the workplace. Key words: strain, stress, burnout, healthcare workers. Povezanost relacijske supervizije s čustveno regulacijo strokovnjakov v pomagajočih poklicih The link between relational supervision with the emotional regulation of experts in the helping professions Tatjana Rožič The Family Study and Research Centre, Gosposvetska c. 1, 1000 Ljubljana tatjana.rozic@srcdljubljana.com Izhodišča: Supervizija je razcvet dosegla v prejšnjem stoletju, ko je bila razumlje-na zlasti kot metoda učenja in širjenja psihoanalitičnega znanja. Danes predstavlja veliko več kot učenje; pomembna je na področju številnih strok, npr. v social-42 nem delu, psihologiji, psihoterapiji in vzgoji, kjer je njena vloga med drugim tudi skrb za čustveno oporo oz. regulacijo supervizantov. V procesu pomoči ljudem n z izkušnjami izgub ali travm, strokovnjaki namreč tudi sami pogosto doživljajo čustvene stiske, ki v primeru, da ostanejo neprepoznane in nepredelane, vodi-pulatioo jo v čustveno izčrpanost in izgorelost. Regulacija čustvenih odzivov in s tem ge p povezana preventiva pred naštetimi težavami poteka v varnih odnosih, kot je npr. relacijska supervizija, ki daje poudarek raziskovanju čustvovanja in ustvar-rking-ao janja varne navezanosti znotraj triadičnega sistema uporabnik – strokovnjak – supervizor. Metoda: Raziskava je kvalitativna in obsega dva dela. V prvem je he wf t pet strokovnjakov iz različnih področij odgovorilo na polstrukturiran vprašalnik, sestavljen iz odprtih vprašanj, ki so se nanašala na tiste vidike dela, ki ga ealth o doživljajo kot zahtevnega in težkega. Podatki so bili nato obdelani z analizo vsebine. Drugi del raziskave je študija primera: opisuje terapevta, ki redno tedensko dela z uporabnikom z izkušnjo travme, hkrati pa je vključen v relacijsko pulacije | h supervizijo. Podatki so bili zbrani prek vprašalnika, ki ga je terapevt izpolnil o pred in po treh supervizijskih srečanjih, avdio posnetkov supevizijskih srečanj ter zaključnega intervjuja. Sledila je fenomenološka analiza podatkov. Rezulta-ktivne p ti: Rezultati podajo vpogled v obseg zahtevnosti pomagajočih poklicev, čustveno doživljanje te zahtevnosti ter povezanost tovrstnega doživljanja z držo elovno a strokovnjakov do sebe, do službenih in ostalih odnosov. Doživljanje izkušnje dobre supervizije pokaže na pomembnost prepoznavanja in ubesedenja zlasti težkih občutij ter nudenje čustvene opore strokovnjakom. Študija primera zdravje d pokaže notranjepsihično doživljanje terapevta pri delu s travmo in spremenjen pogled nase ter terapevtski proces po izkušnji supervizije. Diskusija: Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo, da regulacija čustvenih odzivov v superviziji omogoča spremembe v strokovnjakovem doživljanju sebe ter svoje profesionalne vloge, kar je pomemben dejavnik preprečevanja čustvene izčrpanosti. Na podlagi ugotovitev menimo, da bi morala biti supervizija ena izmed pravic, ki bi zaposlenim v pomagajočih poklicih pripadala v luči skrbi za njihovo zdravje. Ključne besede: relacijska supervizija, pomagajoči poklici, čustvena izčrpanost, izgorelost, čustvena regulacija Introduction: Supervision came to flourish in the last century when it was un-derstood chiefly as a method of learning and spreading psychoanalytical expertise. Today, it involves much more than learning and is important in ma-ny fields, e.g. social work, psychology, psychotherapy and education, where its role includes ensuring emotional support or regulation to the supervisees. In the process of helping people who have experienced loss or trauma, the experts themselves often experience emotional distress, which, if left unrecog-nized and not worked through, can lead to emotional exhaustion and burnout. Regulation of emotional responses and related prevention in anticipation of the above problems takes place in safe relationships such as relational supervision, which focuses on examining emotional processes and creating safe attachment within the triadic user-expert-supervisor system. Method: This is a qualitative study consisting of two parts. The first part included five experts in various fields who replied to a semi-structured questionnaire comprising open questions which related to aspects of their work experienced as challenging and difficult. The information provided was processed by content analysis. The second part is a case study describing a therapist included in rela-43 tional supervision and working on a regular weekly basis with a user who has suffered trauma. Information was collected from a questionnaire completed ežbo by the therapist before and after three supervision sessions, audio recordings del u of the supervision sessions and a closing interview. This was fol owed by a phe-dno nomenological data analysis. Results: The results give insight into the scope of chal enges faced by the helping professions, how these chal enges are expe-naroed rienced emotional y and how this experience relates to the experts’ attitude m to themselves and their professional and other relationships. A good supervi-a z sion experience indicates the importance of recognizing and verbal y express-enc ing feelings, particularly uncomfortable ones, and providing emotional support feron to experts. The case study the reveals intrapsychic experience of a therapist working with trauma and a changed perspective of themselves and the thera-kovna k peutic process following supervision. Discussion: The study findings show that tro regulation of emotional responses through supervision enables changes in how experts experience themselves and their professional role, which is an impor-a in s tant factor of preventing emotional exhaustion. On the basis of the findings it is proposed that supervision should be a right granted to employees in the help-nanstven ing professions in light of ensuring their health. 4. z Key words: relational supervision, helping professions, emotional exhaustion, burn-out, emotional regulation Povezanost doživljanja stresa s samooceno zdravja, delovno učinkovitostjo in ukrepi za obvladovanje stresa pri delu – raziskava pri zaposlenih v slovenski predelovalni industriji Association between perceived stress, self-rated health, work productivity and stress management interventions – a study of employees in the Slovenian processing industry Nataša Sedlar Kobe1, Alenka Dovč2, Andrea Backović Juričan1, Jerneja Farkaš Lainščak3 1 National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana 2 Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 13, 1504 Ljubljana 3 Department of Research, General Hospital Murska Sobota/National Institute of Public Health Ulica dr. Vrbnjaka 6, 9000 Murska Sobota/ Trubarjeva cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana natasa.sedlar@nijz.si, alenka.dovc@gzs.si, andrea.backovic-jurican@nijz.si, jerneja.farkas@sb-ms.si 44 Izhodišča: Številne raziskave kažejo na povezanost doživljanja prekomerne-n ga stresa na delovnem mestu s slabšim zdravjem in zmanjšano produktivnostjo zaposlenih zaradi zdravstvenega absentizma ali prezentizma. Posledično je pulatio v zadnjem času v delovnih organizacijah vedno več pozornosti usmerjeno k o programom in ukrepom za zmanjševanje stresa pri zaposlenih. Metode. Ra-ge p ziskavo smo izvedli v okviru projekta Zdravi na kvadrat II – promocija zdravja na delovnem mestu v kemijski in drugih predelovalnih industrijah, v marcu 2016 rking-ao na vzorcu N=796 zaposlenih iz 17 slovenskih organizacij predelovalne industri-he w je. Zanimala nas je povezanost med pogostostjo doživljanja stresa pri zapos-f t lenih, njihovo samooceno zdravja, zdravstvenim absentizmom, zdravstvenim prezentizmom in ukrepi za obvladovanje stresa pri delu v delovni organizaci-ealth o ji. Rezultati. Rezultati kažejo, da se pogostejše doživljanje stresa pri zaposlenih povezuje s slabšo samooceno zdravja, večjim številom zdravstvenih težav v zadnjem mesecu in več dnevi zdravstvenega absentizma in prezentizma v zad-pulacije | ho njem letu. Najpogosteje implementirani ukrepi za obvladovanje stresa v vključenih delovnih organizacijah so bili vezani na informiranje zaposlenih o poklic-ktivne p nem stresu in njegovih posledicah ter zagotavljanje usposabljanja na področju spoprijemanja s stresom, medtem ko so bili ukrepi na organizacijski ravni redki. Diskusija. Raziskava kaže na potrebo po sistematični implementaciji ukrepov elovno a za obvladovanje stresa v delovnih organizacijah in raziskovanju njihovih učinkov na dobro počutje in delovno učinkovitost zaposlenih. zdravje d Ključne besede: stres na delovnem mestu, samoocena zdravja, zdravstveni absentizem, zdravstveni prezentizem, ukrepi za obvladovanje stresa pri delu Introduction. Employees’ high levels of perceived workplace stress has been associated with impaired health and lost productivity due to sickness absenteeism and sickness presenteeism. As a result, there’s been a growing interest in programs and interventions to reduce stress at work among organizations. Methods. The study was conducted as a part of the project Healthy on a square II – workplace health promotion for employees in the chemical and other processing industries, in March 2016 in the sample of N=796 employees of 17 Slovenian companies in processing industry. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between employees’ frequency of perceived stress, self-rated health, sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism and implemented stress management interventions. Results. The results indicated that higher frequency of perceived stress is associated with poorer self-rated health, higher number of health problems in the past month and more days of sickness absenteeism and sickness presenteeism in the past year. Regarding the implemented activities for managing work-related stress in included organisations, most commonly reported activities were informing employees about work-related stress and its consequences and stress management training provision, while organisational-level interventions were rare. Discussion. The study highlights the need for systematic implementation of stress management interventions and research on their effect on employees’ wel -being and work productivity. Key words: stress at work, self-rated health, sickness absenteeism, sickness presenteeism, stress management interventions Elementi motivacije kot prediktorji zadovoljstva z delom 45 Elements of motivation as predictors of job satisfaction Eva Smokrović, Radivoje Radić ežbo Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Department of Nursing, del u Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia dno eva.smokrovic@gmail.com, rradic@mefos.hr naroed Izhodišča: Zadovoljstvo z delom, delovno aktivnega prebivalstva je ključnega m pomena za njihovo duševno zdravje. Odraža se v motivaciji za delo. Za zdravst-a z vene delavce, predvsem za medicinske sestre je značilno delo v težkih delovnih enc pogojih, kjer je motivacija še posebej pomembna z namenom preprečevan- feron ja zdravstvenih težav, odhodov zaposlenih in drugih resnih zapletov. Cilj te raziskave je bil ugotoviti kateri motivacijski elementi vplivajo na splošno zado-kovna k voljstvo z delom. Metode: Pilotno študijo smo izvedli med decembrom 2016 in tro februarjem, leta 2017. Udeleženci raziskave študentje izrednega študija Univerze v Reki, Fakultete za zdravstvene vede, Univerze za uporabne znanosti Kara in s lovec in Medicinske fakultete, Univerze v Osjeku. Uporabili smo večdimenzi-onalno lestvico delovne motivacije. Rezultati: Med udeleženci je bilo 24 (19,8 %) nanstven moških in 102 (81,0 %) žensk. Njihova povprečna starost je bila 31,9 (SD=6,8) 4. z let. Udeleženci so ocenili svoje zadovoljstvo z delom z uporabo deset stopen-jske ordinalne lestvice, pri čemer ocena 1 pomeni popolnoma nezadovoljen, ocena 10 pa popolnoma zadovoljen. Rezultati linearne regresije so pokazali, da 8,8 % variance zadovoljstva z delom razložijo naslednji motivacijski elementi (p=0,006): ekstrinzična regulacija-socialno, ekstrinzična regulacija- materi-alno, regulacija preko identifikacije in intrinzična motivacija. Našteti elementi motivacije najmočneje vplivajo na zadovoljstvo z delom. Diskusija: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da bi bilo potrebno tako s strani medicinskih sester, kot njihovega managementa izvesti ukrepe za izboljšanje motivacije medicinskih sester. Ukrepe pa utemeljiti na identificiranih ključnih elementih motivacije za delo. Zaradi nizkega deleža pojasnjene variance bi bile potreben nadaljnje raziskave prediktorjev zadovoljstva z delom. Ključne besede: motivacija za delo, klinično okolje zdravstvene nege, teorija samodeterminacije Introduction: Job satisfaction of the working-age population is crucial for their mental health and is determined by the employee motivation. Health care workers, especial y nurses, work in difficult conditions where motivation is crucial for avoiding health problems, turnovers, and other severe problems. The objective of this study was to identify which motivation elements significantly affect the overall job satisfaction. Methods: This pilot study was performed between December, 2016 and February, 2017, the particpants were employed part-time nursing students of the University of Rijeka Faculty of Health Studies, University of applied sciences Karlovac and University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine. The translated Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale was used. Results: 24 (19.8 %) were males, 102 (81.0 %) females. Their average age was 31.9 (SD=6,8) years. Participants evaluated their job satisfaction by using an ordinal scale ranging from total y unsatisfied (1) to total y satisfied (10). Results of a final linear regression model indicate that, 8.8 % of job satisfaction variance 46 is explained by the fol owing motivation elements (p=0.006): Extrinsic regu-n lation–social, Extrinsic regulation–material, Identified regulation, and Intrinsic motivation, which resulted as the construct with the strongest impact on job pulatio satisfaction. Discussion: Our results indicate, that both nurses and their manag-o ers should perform actions, which will improve the nurses’ motivation by con-ge p sidering the aforementioned motivation elements. Furthermore, due to rela-rking-a tively low explained variance, further predictors should be identified. o Key words: Work motivation, Nursing practice environment, Self- he wf t determination theory ealth o Iz finančnih razlogov ali zaradi aktivnega staranja? Telesno in duševno zdravje starejših prekarnih delavcev in raziskava SHARE pulacije | h For financial or active ageing reasons? Mental and physical health o of the older precarious workers in SHARE survey ktivne p Andrej Srakar, Valentina Prevolnik Rupel Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Economics, elovno a University of Ljubljana, Slovenia srakara@ier.si, rupelv@ier.si zdravje d Izhodišča: Namen prispevka je predstaviti analizo starejših prekarnih delavcev in njihovega zdravstvenega stanja z uporabo podatkov petega vala raziskave SHARE, pri čemer odgovarjamo na vprašanje: “Ali so starejši prekarni delavci resnično depriviligirani v smislu slabšega duševnega in telesnega zdravja v primerjavi s starejšimi zaposlenimi in splošno starejšo populacijo?” Metode: V prispevku uporabljamo deskriptivne statistike in bivariatne teste za osnovni vpogled v vprašanje ter ekonometrične modele končnega mešanja za ustrezno modeliranje heterogenosti v vzorcu. Rezultati: V nasprotju s pričakovanji, zdravje starejših samozaposlenih ni slabše od starejših zaposlenih. Razlike v zdravju med obema skupinama se pojavijo šele, ko v primerjavo vključimo t.i. “prave” prekarne delavce, t.j. tiste, ki niso niti zaposleni niti samozaposleni, opravljajo pa neko obliko plačanega dela. Naša analiza tudi pokaže na močno heterogenost znotraj tako obravnavanih prekarnih delavcev (samozaposlenih in “pravih” prekarnih delavcev), ki jih lahko ločimo v dve veliki skupini: tiste, ki prekarno delo opravljajo zaradi finančnih razlogov in tiste, ki ga opravljajo zaradi aktivnejšega preživljanja staranja. Med obema skupinama so velike razlike predvsem v dohodku in zdravstvenih pokazateljih. Diskusija in zaključki: Ukrepi za izboljšanje stanja starejših prekarnih delavcev morajo upoštevati obstoj dveh omenjenih številčno velikih skupin v populaciji s povsem drugačnimi značilnostmi in zdravstvenimi potrebami. Ključne besede: prekarni delavci, starejši, samozaposleni, zdravstveni pokazatelji, modeli končnega mešanja, aktivno staranje Introduction: To present the analysis on older precarious workers and their health situation using Wave 5 of the SHARE survey and studying the main question: “Are older precarious workers real y discriminated in terms of worse mental and physical health as compared to the older employed people and general older population?” Methods: Descriptive statistics and bivariate tests 47 are used to get basic insight while finite mixture econometric models are used to model the heterogeneity in the sample. Results: Contrary to the expecta-ežbo tions, the health of older self-employed workers is general y in no way inferior del to older employees. Problems in health of the precarious workers emerge on-u ly with the focus changing to those neither employed nor self-employed, while dno engaged in paid work (»true« precarious people). The analysis also points to naro a strong heterogeneity among precarious workers which fall into two large ed m groups: »precarious workers for money reasons« and »precarious workers a z because of active ageing reasons«, with clearly visible differences among the enc two groups in income and health. Discussion and Conclusions: Measures to im-feron prove the condition of older precarious workers have to take into account two clearly different and large groups in the data with completely opposite characteristics and health care needs. kovna k tro Key words: precarious workers, older people, self-employed, health indicators, finite mixture models, active ageing a in s Spopadanje s stresnimi situacijami z vidika prisotnosti nanstven čustvenih kompetenc 4. z Fighting stressful situations from the viewpoint of emotional competence Milena Svetlin ME SAINE, studio za harmonijo čutenj, Milena Svetlin s.p. zakonska in družinska terapija, Savska cesta 13B, 1230 Domžale milena.svetlin@gmail.com Izhodišča: Stres je pomemben dejavnik v vsakodnevnem življenju, ki vpliva na zdravje posameznika. Je odziv organizma na različne notranje in zunanje dejavnike. V kolikšni meri se je posameznik sposoben spoprijeti s stresnimi situacijami je med drugim povezano tudi z njegovimi sposobnostmi čustvenega procesiranja. Čustvene kompetence pokažejo kako posameznik v določenem razvojnem obdobju dojema čustva, kako jih izraža in komunicira ter kako jih in- tegrira v občutje sebe. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti kako prisotnost čustvenih kompetenc vpliva na posameznikovo strategijo spopadanja s stresnimi situacijami. Metode: Izvedli smo kvantitativno raziskavo. Pri izračunu povezanosti med merami čustvenih kompetenc (merjeno z Vprašalnikom čustvenih kompetenc) in strategijami spopadanja s stresnimi situacijami (merjeno z vprašalnikom Brief COPE) smo preverili pogoje za izračun korelacijskih koeficientov in za bivariantno korelacijsko analizo uporabili Spearman‘s rho. V analizo so bili vključeni podatki 289 udeležencev. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da se vsaka poddimenzija čustvenih kompetenc v statistično pomembni meri povezuje z najmanj štirimi strategijami spopadanja s stresnimi situacijami. Korelaci-jska povezanost med variablami je šibka (r=0.154), na nivoju 1 % tveganja, do močna (r=0.589), na nivoju 5 % tveganja. Diskusija: Osvajanje čustvenih kompetenc je dejavnik, ki lahko vpliva na izbiro funkcionalnih strategij spoprijemanja s stresom. Vseživljenjski razvoj vodi k večji čustveni kondiciji, ki delovno aktivni populaciji na poslovnem področju daje priložnost kreativnega in ustvarjalnega delovanja ter na osebnem področju občutek polnosti življenja. 48 Ključne besede: stres, spoprijemanje s stresom, čustvene kompetence, n čustvena kondicija Starting points: Stress is an important factor in daily life, affecting individual‘s pulatioo health. It is organism‘s response to different inner and external factors. The ge p degree to which an individual is capable of dealing with stressful situations is al-so related to his ability of emotional processing. Emotional competence shows rking-a the way a person understands emotions in a certain developmental period, the o way he expresses, communicates and integrates them into his self-perception. he wf t The aim of our research project was to ascertain the impact of emotional competence upon individual‘s strategy of dealing with stressful situations . Meth-ealth o ods: We performed a quantitative research. Regarding the calculation of the mutual dependence of degrees of emotional competence (based on the Emotional competence questionnary) and stress handling strategies (Brief COPE pulacije | h questionnary) we checked the conditions for the calculation of correlation co-o eficients and applied Spearman‘s rho for the bivariant correlation analysis. The analysis included data on 289 participants. Results: According to the research ktivne p results every subdimension of emotional competence is related to at least four strategies of stress handling in a statistical y significant measure. Correlation elovno a between variables is weak (r=0.154), at the level of 1 % risk, to strong (r=0.589), at the level of 5 % risk. Discussion: Acquisition of emotional competence is a factor affecting the choice of functional strategies of stress handling. Lifelong pro-zdravje d gress leads to a better emotional condition, which, in turn, sustains active population with the ability of creative performance in the business field, as well as with the feeling of living a full life in private sphere. Key words: stress, stress handling, emotional competence, emotional condition Breme vesti kot dejavnik tveganja za izgorelost medicinskih sester v enotah intenzivne nege in terapije v Univerzitetnih kliničnih centrih Ljubljana in Maribor Stress of conscience as a risk factor for burnout among ICU nurses in University Medical Centres Ljubljana and Maribor Saša Šajn Lekše, Bernarda Lončar, Alenka Žibert, Andrej Starc University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija sasa.sajn.lekse@gmail.com, bernarda.loncar5@gmail.com, zibert.alenka@gmail. com, andrej.starc@zf.uni-lj.si Izhodišča: Vest medicinske sestre je pomemben dejavnik sprejemanja odločitev na delovnem mestu. Vest je dobra ali slaba, lahko svari ali zahteva, spodbuja ali obsoja. Slaba vest se pojavi ob neupoštevanju svoje vesti. V povezavi s kakovostjo opravljenega dela je lahko slaba vest povzročitelj stresa. Stres na delovnem mestu je fenomen, ki ga definira več endogenih in eksogenih de-49 javnikov, npr. prisotnost različnih stresorjev v okolju in posameznikova sposobnost spopadanja z njimi. Daljša izpostavljenost stresnim situacijam lahko privede do delovne izgorelosti, kar je stanje fizične in čustvene izčrpanosti, ki izhaja ežbo del iz notranjega dogajanja v posamezniku. Pri osebah, ki izgorevajo, so prisotni u depresivni in anksiozni simptomi ter depersonalizacija. Metoda: Izvedena bo dno presečna študija na medicinskih sestrah, zaposlenih v enotah intenzivne nege naro in terapije. Izbran merski instrument bo slovenska različica švedskega vprašal-ed nika Stress of Conscience Questionnaire. Rezultati: Pričakujemo, da bodo re-m a z zultati pokazali, da breme vesti vpliva na prisotnost simptomov izgorelosti pri enc medicinskih sestrah v enotah intenzivne nege. Diskusija: Zaradi narave dela v fer kliničnem okolju lahko slaba vest povzroči tvorbo simptomov izgorelosti, zlas-on ti v enotah intenzivne nege in terapije, kjer so pacienti pod konstantnim nadzo-rom visoko usposobljenega zdravstvenega tima. Medicinske sestre v teh eno-kovna k tah nudijo neprekinjeno zdravstveno nego, v idealnih delovnih okoljih le enemu tro pacientu. a in s Ključne besede: intenzivna zdravstvena nega, stres na delovnem mestu, duševno zdravje, medicinska sestra. nanstven Introduction: A nurse‘s conscience is an important factor in clinical decision 4. z making. Conscience can be clean or troubled, it can warn or demand, encourage or judge. A troubled conscience appears when a person neglects the voice of their own conscience. When related to the quality of the service provided, a troubled conscience can become a cause of stress. Work related stress is a phenomenon defined by endogenous and exogenous factors: the presence of various environmental stressors and the individual‘s coping ability. A prolonged period of exposure to stressful situations may lead to occupational burnout. Burnout is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion originating in an individual‘s internal processes, but triggered by external burden. Individuals that burn out exhibit symptoms of depression, anxiety and depersonali-sation. Method: A cross-sectional study design will be used. We will be using a Slovene version of the Swedish Stress of Conscience Questionnaire on nurses working in intensive care units. Results: We expect the results to show that a troubled conscience has an impact on the presence of burnout symptoms in nurses. Discussion: Due to the nature of work in clinical environments a troubled conscience can cause burnout symptoms, especial y in intensive care units where patients are monitored constantly by highly trained professional teams. In an ideal workplace, nurses in the intensive care units offer continuous nursing to only one patient. Key words: intensive care nursing, workplace stress, mental health, nurse Povezanost stresa, povezanega z delom, in kakovosti pedagoškega procesa med učitelji zdravstvene nege Correlation between the professional stress of nursing teachers and the quality of the teaching process Jasenka Vujanić1, Nada Prlić2, Robert Lovrić1 1 Vocational School for Careers in Medicine Osijek; University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Nursing, Croatia, 50 10E Cara Hadrijana Street, Osijek n 2 J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, School of Medicine Osijek Croatia 10E Cara Hadrijana Street, Osijek pulatio jvujanic@mefos.hr , nprlic26@mefos.hr, rlovric@mefos.hr o ge p Izhodišča: Učitelji na področju zdravstvene nege se dnevno srečujejo s številnimi stresorji. Brez učinkovitega soočanja s stresom, lahko le- ta povzroči številne rking-ao psihofizične odzive in tako vpliva na kakovost učnega procesa. Zastavili smo si naslednje raziskovalno vprašanje: Ali obstaja povezava med stresom, poveznim he wf t z delom, in kakovostjo pedagoškega procesa pri učiteljih zdravstvene nege. Metode: Sistematični pregled literature smo izvedli s pomočjo relevantnih baz ealth o podatkov (npr. EBSCO, Science direct) in relevantnih spletnih strani različnih organizacij s področja zdravstvene nege. V pregled literature smo vključili de-la, objavljena med letom 2005 in 2017. Rezultati: Pregled literature je pokazal, pulacije | h da sta krepitev metod s pomočjo katerih se učitelji zdravstvene nege uspešneje o soočajo s stresom in stopnja zadovoljstva z delom pomembno povezani s kakovostjo pedagoškega procesa. Stopnja negativnega stresa, povezanega z de-ktivne p lom, in kakovost pedagoškega procesa, pa sta med seboj negativno povezani. Diskusija: Stres, povezan z delom, zmanjšuje zadovoljstvo z delom in prispeva k elovno a nastanku izgorelosti pri delu. Negativne posledice stresa je mogoče prepreči-ti s prepoznavanje sindroma izgorelosti in z uporabo strategij soočanja s stresom. Slednje lahko prispeva k zdravstvenemu delovnemu okolju in izboljšanju zdravje d kakovosti pedagoškega procesa. Ključne besede: zadovoljstvo z delom, učitelji zdravstvene nege, stres, povezan z delom, učni proces. Introduction: Nursing teachers face various stressors in their work environment on a daily basis. Without effective confrontation, stressors can cause serious psychophysical reactions and consequences, and ultimately reduce the quality of the education process. We are posing the fol owing research question: Is there a correlation between the professional stress of nursing teachers and the quality of the teaching process? Methods: A systematic search of literature was performed by using relevant databases (e.g. EBSCO, Science direct) and relevant web pages of nurses’ organisations. The literature published between 2005 and 2017 was taken into consideration. Results: The search of literature review indicates that strengthening methods of facing nursing teachers with stress and general y the level of job satisfaction are strongly correlated with the quality of the teaching process, while the level of professional stress and the quality of the teaching process are clearly negatively correlated. Discussion: The professional stress of nursing teachers reduces job satisfaction and contributes to professional burnout. Harmful consequences of stress can be prevented by recognizing burnout phenomenon and applying renewable coping strategies, which ultimately can contribute to the creation of a healthy working environment and improve the quality of the teaching process. Key words: job satisfaction, nursing teachers, professional stress, teaching process. Prisotnost stresa, povezanega z delom, med učnim osebjem medicinske fakultete v Foči 51 Presence of professional stress in teaching staff at the medical faculty in Foca ežbo Milica Vuksanović, Dragica Marić, Jelena Pavlović, Sandra Joković, del u Natalija Hadživuković dno University of East Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Studentska 5, 73 300 Foca, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina naroed vuksanovicmilica24@icloud.com m a z Izhodišča: V zadnjih letih narašča število raziskav, ki se ukvarjajo s proučevan-enc jem psihosocialnih vidikov delovno aktivnega prebivalstva. Cilj raziskave je bil feron preučiti raven stresa, povezanega z delom, med učnim osebjem Medicinske fakultete v Foči. Metoda: Študija je bila zasnovana kot presečna raziskava, v kovna k kateri je sodelovalo 47 udeležencev. Uporabili smo vprašalnik, ki je vključeval tro sociodemografske spremenljivke, vprašanja za oceno zdravstvenega stanja vprašalnik za oceno zdravstvenega stanja in instrument za merjenje izgorelosti. a in s Statistična analiza je bila opravljena s pomočjo SPSS statističnega programskega paketa. Rezultati: Večina vprašanih (83 %) doživlja stres na delovnem mestu. nanstven Pri 42,6 % udeležencev smo identificirali izgorelost povezano z delom. S po-4. z močjo vprašalnika SF-36 smo ugotovili, da 2,1 % udeležencev ocenjuje telesno in duševno komponento kakovosti življenja kot slabo; 23,4 % udeležencev je oce-nilo svoje duševno in telesno zdravje kot “dobro”; 74,5 % vprašanih po kot od-lično. Zaključek: Udeleženci, pri katerih so prisotni zanki izgorelosti imajo nižjo kakovost duševnega zdravja. Ključne besede: kakovost življenja, stres, povezan z delom, zdravje. Introduction. In recent years, an increasing number of studies dealing with the study of the psychosocial aspects of the working-age population. The aim of the research was to examine the level of professional stress in the teaching staff at the Medical Faculty in Foca. Methodology. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study with 47 patients. The survey included faculty from the Medical Faculty in Foca. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire to assess health status and inventory Masleč burnout. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software package. Results. Most respondents (83 %) is under stress in the workplace, and in 42.6 % of the respondents identified syndrome professional burnout. SF-36 questionnaire, it was found that the physical and mental component of quality of life is assessed as bad in 2.1 % of patients, their physical and mental health is well rated by 23.4 % , and excel-lent 74.5 % of respondents. Conclusion. A larger number of patients in whom the presence of burnout syndrome have a significantly lower quality of mental health. Key words: quality of life, professional stress, health. 52 n pulatioo ge p rking-ao he wf t ealth o pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Sekcija/Section Uporaba informacijsko- komunikacijske tehnologije na področju javnega zdravja Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Public Health Vabljeno predavanje Invited lecture Pomen izobraževanja za e-zdravje The role of education for e-health Uroš Rajkovič University of Maribor, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Kidričeva cesta 55a, 4000 Kranj uros.rajkovic@fov.uni-mb.si Z digitalizacijo zdravstva se spreminjajo procesi v zdravstvu. Teh procesov ne morejo spremeniti zunanji izvajalci, pač pa jih lahko spreminjajo le zdravstveni delavci sami. Nerazumevanje teh pravil pogosto vodi v povečanje stroškov za razvoj in vpeljavo informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije in predvsem k ne-uporabi razvitih rešitev. V prispevku bodo predstavljeni primeri zdravja na daljavo, ki zahtevajo spremembe v načinu dela in predvsem spremembo doktrine 54 k bolj celostni obravnavi. Da bi lahko dosegli zastavljene cilje, je torej potrebn no spremeniti način razmišljanja v glavah zdravstvenih delavcev. Potrebno jih je podpreti v smeri inovativnosti in kritičnega razmišljanja ter poznavanja sodob-pulatioo nih trendov razvoja. Za svoje delo v prihodnje potrebujejo spremenjene, nove ge p kompetence. Takšno izobraževanje je smiselno pričeti tekom izobraževanja in ga razširiti na vseživljenjsko učenje tako za zdravstvene delavce, kot tudi za pa-rking-a ciente. o Ključne besede: e-zdravje, zdravje na daljavo, digitalizacija, izobraževanje, he wf t kompetence. Together with the digitalization of health services we alter processes in health ealth o care. These processes cannot be changed by external providers. They can on-ly be changed inside the health system by health workers themselves. Misun-derstanding of this rule often leads to increased costs of developing and imple-pulacije | ho menting information and communication technologies and above all towards inapplicability of information solutions. Examples from the field of telemedicine ktivne p will be presented along with the necessary changes in the work processes and the changes of doctrine towards a more holistic approach. In order to achieve elovno a the set objectives, it is required to change the ways of thinking in the heads of health workers. Their reasoning must be supported in the direction of innovativeness, critical thinking and being familiar with the current trends in health zdravje d care and digitalization. For their future work they require a new set of competences. Such education should begin during formal education in schools and needs to be widened towards life-long learning of health workers and patients. Key words: e-health, telemedicine, digitalization, education, competences. Uporaba IKT za oddaljeno spremljanje pacientov: primer rešitve myDataHub Using ICT for Remote Patient Monitoring: solution myDataHub Marko Bajec, Marko Janković, Slavko Žitnik University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija marko.bajec@fri.uni-lj.si, marko.jankovic@fri.uni-lj.si, slavko.zitnik@fri.uni-lj.si Z razmahom interneta stvari, ki informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije prinaša praktično v vse pore našega življenja, se pojavljajo tudi rešitve za oddaljeno zdravstveno oskrbo pacientov. Na voljo so različne merilne naprave, ki omogočajo zajem vitalnih podatkov, kot so srčni utrip, stopnja glukoze v krvi, pljučna kapaciteta, stopnja dnevne aktivnosti, telesna masa, telesna temperatura itd. Podatek, ki ga s tako napravo izmerimo, se mora prenesti v zaledni sistem, kjer bo na voljo zdravniškemu osebju. Poleg jezikovnih ovir ter problemov z vzpostavitvijo povezave med napravo in mobilnim telefonom je teža-55 va tovrstnih sistemov tudi v dostopnosti izmerjenih meritev, saj se podatki zapišejo le v zaledni sistem ponudnika merilne naprave in niso na voljo zdravniškemu osebju. V prispevku opisujemo rešitev myDataHub, ki rešuje omen-ežbo del jene težave. Rešitev samodejno zazna merilno napravo, pacientu prikaže meru itev ter po njegovi odobritvi le-to posreduje v zaledni zdravstveni sistem. Za dno pregled meritev je na voljo specializiran portal za zdravniško osebje, ki se pove-naro zuje tudi z drugimi viri zdravstvenih podatkov. Naprava myDataHub je bila raz-ed vita v okviru projekta EkoSMART in bo pilotsko uporabljena v povezavi s pa-m a z cienti s srčnim popuščanjem. Naprava je na voljo v štirih različicah: za tablice, enc za pametne telefone, za pametne televizije in kot ”črna škatla”. fer Ključne besede: telemedicina, oddaljeno spremljanje pacientov, internet stvari on With the advent of the “internet of things”, ICT is coming virtual y in all aspects kovna k of our lives. Healthcare is no exception - remote patient monitoring is just tro an example of the ICT-enabled solutions that bring disruptive innovations in healthcare delivery. There are plenty of devices that we can use today, to mea-a in s sure different vital signs. The measurements are then sent to a backend system where they are available to authorised users. But here we encounter a prob-nanstven lem: each such device comes with its own mobile application and own, typical-4. z ly cloud-based backend system. Apart from the language barriers and frequent connectivity problems, the main issue is that the measurements are locked to the cloud and are not directly visible to medical staff over their information systems. In this paper, we introduce a software solution, cal ed “myDataHub” that successful y solves these problems. When a patient starts new measurement, myDataHub automatical y detects the measuring device, acquires the measurement, displays it to the patient, and transmits it to a dedicated server. The data in the repository is available to the medical staff over specialized portals which support various functions, including anomaly detection in clinical da-ta, model ing of tele-medical treatment plans, etc. Key words: telemedicine, remote patient monitoring, internet of things Promocija zdravja na delovnem mestu: izboljšanje prehranskih navad zaposlenih v družbi Soške elektrarne Nova Gorica s pomočjo mobilne aplikacije »Prehranski navigator« Workplace health promotion: improving dietary habits among employees in the company Soške elektrarne Nova Gorica using mobile application »Food Navigator« Nina Bizjak Bajec Cobit, d.o.o., Industrijska 5, 5000 Nova Gorica nina.bizjak.bajec@cobit.si Izhodišča: Kronične nenalezljive bolezni se uvršajo med dolgoročne napove-dovalce odsotnosti z dela. Rezultati številnih raziskav dokazujejo neposredno povezavo nezdravih prehranjevalnih navad s pojavom kroničnih nenalezljivih obolenj. Zdravstveni absentizem ima občutne ekonomske posledice za delavce, delodajalce ter narodno gospodarstvo. Namen prispevka je prikazati primer dobre prakse promocije zdravja na delovnem mestu v okviru projekta 56 „Malica ni kava in cigaret“, ki ga je sofinanciral Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovan-n je Slovenije. Metode: Za aktivno sodelovanje v programu promocije zdravja na delovnem mestu, se je odločilo 51 zaposlenih družbe Soške elektrarne Nova pulatio Gorica. Raziskava je bila omejena na obdobje šestih mesecev in sicer od no-o vembra 2015 do aprila 2016. Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna metoda razisk-ge p ovanja z uporabo anketnega vprašalnika ter izvedbo zdravstvenih meritev ob začetku in koncu projekta. V okviru zdravstvenih meritev so bile izvedene labo-rking-ao ratorijske meritve koncentracije glukoze, holesterola in maščob v krvi ter anal-he w iza telesne sestave, kjer so bili merjeni parametri telesna masa, bazalni metab-f t olizem, deleži maščob, mišične mase in vode v telesu ter stopnja visceralne maščobe. V vmesnem obdobju so sodelujoči kot pripomoček za osveščan-ealth o je o uravnoteženem in zdravem prehranjevanju uporabljali mobilno aplikacijo „Prehranski navigator“. Rezultati: Po šestmesečnemu sledenju prehranskim priporočilom s pomočjo aplikacije „Prehranski navigator“, so se pri 30 % zapos-pulacije | ho lenih izboljšali tisti merjeni zdravstveni parametri, ki omogočajo oceno verjetnosti pojava nekaterih kroničnih nenalezljivih obolenj. Diskusija in zaključki: Na ktivne p področju zdravstvenega absentizma je Slovenija v vrhu EU. Primeri dobrih, a žal maloštevilnih praks promocije zdravja na delovnem mestu kažejo tako socialno kot tudi ekonomsko upravičenost izvajanja, saj pomembno prispevajo k elovno a izboljšanju zdravstvenega stanja zaposlenih in posledično zmanjšujejo stopnjo zdravstvenega absentizma. zdravje d Ključne besede: promocija zdravja na delovnem mestu, zdravstveni absentizem, kronična nenalezljiva obolenja, mobilna aplikacija. Introduction: Healthy and balanced diet has been proven to have significant impact on the reduction of risk of chronical non-communicable diseases and on the health and quality of life in general. A substantial economic burden from non-communicable diseases is borne by workplaces, in particular, lost productivity resulting from absenteeism. Absenteeism due to il ness has significant economic consequences not only for employers but also for workers and the national economy. The purpose of this paper is to show an example of good practice of workplace health promotion under the project „Brunch is coffee and cigarettes“. The project was co-financed by the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia. Methods: 51 employees working for the company Soške elektrarne Nova Gorica decided to participate in the workplace health promotion program included in the project „Brunch isn‘t coffee and cigarettes“. The research was limited to a period of six months from November 2015 to April 2016. A quantitative research method was used. As an instrument for data col ection, a survey questionnaire was carried out. Medical measurements of blood glu-cose, cholesterol and triglycerides were col ected and body composition analysis monitoring percentages of body fat, muscles and water at the beginning and end of the project were carried out. In the meantime, participants were asked to use mobile application „Food Navigator“ as a tool for raising awareness and improving unhealthy eating habits. Results: After six months fol ow-up, significant improvements were observed. The results showed an improvement of measured health parameters commonly used to estimate risk factors for developing chronic non-communicable diseases amog 30 % of employees who followed the dietary recommendations using mobile application „Food Navigator“. Discussion and conclusions: In the area of health-related absenteeism Slo-57 venia is among leading countries in EU. Examples of good practice of workplace health promotion show that workers actively participating in wel ness ežbo programs are absent less often and perform better at work as compared with del u their non-participant counterparts. dno Key words: workplace health promotion, health-related absenteeism, chronic naro non-communicable diseases, mobile application. ed m a z Kritičen pregled obiskanosti in vsebin spletnih strani enc zdravstvenih organizacij fer Critical review of viewership and contents on official on healthcare organizations websites kovna k Rok Drnovšek, Marija Milavec Kapun tro University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana rok.drn.zn@gmail.com a in s Izhodišča: Na svetovnem spletu dostopamo do informacij o bolezni in načinih nanstven ohranjanja zdravja. Zaradi razširjenosti in cenovne ugodnosti je to smiselno 4. z uporabiti v preventivni zdravstveni dejavnosti. Z raziskavo želimo ugotoviti, ali so spletne strani slovenskih zdravstvenih organizacij primerne za posredovan-je vsebin o zdravju. Metode: S stratificiranim vzorčenjem po zdravstvenih regi-jah smo zbirali ocene povprečnega števila dnevnih obiskovalcev spletnih strani javnih zdravstvenih zavodov in beležili prisotnost vsebin za promocijo zdravja. Izmed 200 v Sloveniji najbolj obiskanih spletnih strani pa vzorčili tiste, ki omogočajo vključevanje zdravstvenih tematik. Zbiranje podatkov je potekalo od 13. do 15. 4. 2017. Rezultati: Primerjali smo povprečna števila dnevnih obiskovalcev 46-ih spletnih strani zdravstvenih organizacij (M=62,5; QR=100) in 34-ih tem-atsko ustreznih, v Sloveniji najbolj obiskanih spletnih strani (M=10081,5; QR= 6720,9). Spletne strani zdravstvenih organizacij že vključujejo vsebine za promocijo zdravja, v obliki zdravstveno-vzgojnih vsebin ali informiranja o preventivnih dogodkih. Diskusija in zaključki: Po pričakovanjih so spletne strani zdra- vstvenih organizacij na nacionalni ravni slabo obiskane in zato manj primerne za promocijo zdravja. Spletne strani lekarn so oblikovno najbolj dovršene in najpogosteje vključujejo vsebine za promocijo zdravja (oglaševanje produktov). Za promocijo zdravja je bolje uporabiti obstoječe portale z zdravstvenimi tem-atikami, saj tako dosežemo bistveno večje število ljudi. Ključne besede: promocija zdravja, preventivna zdravstvena dejavnost, svetovni splet Introduction: We use world wide web to access health-related information regarding disease or healthy behavior. Its wide use, and economic efficiency should be considered in preventive healthcare. In this research, we want to determine if official Slovenian healthcare organizations websites are suitable for content sharing in health promotion. Methods: Using stratified sampling we gathered estimations of average number of daily visitors for websites of Slovenian public healthcare organizations and a list of 200 websites with most visitors in Slovenia, to identify websites suitable for health-related topics. Any de-58 tected health promotion content was noted. Data was col ected in 13. – 15. 4. 2017 period. Results: Estimations of average daily visitors from 46 official health-n care organizations websites (M=62,5; IQR=100) were compared to 34 suit- able websites with high viewership national y (M=10081,5; IQR= 6720,9). Of-pulatioo ficial healthcare organizations websites included health promotion contents ge p in health-education and event informing forms. Discussion: As expected official healthcare organizations websites have low viewership nationally and are rking-a therefore less suitable for health promotion. Websites owned by pharmacies o were visual y most sophisticated and included health promotion contents most he wf t frequently (product marketing). Health promotion should take place on established websites with health-related topics, to reach a larger number of people. ealth o Key words: health promotion, preventive care, world wide web Časovna obremenjenost medicinske sestre pri različnih metodah pulacije | ho naročanja pacienta Time burden nurses face through various methods of patient ktivne p appointnent scheduling Sebastijan Forstnerič, Nino Fijačko, Gregor Štiglic elovno a University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor sebastian.forstneric@gmail.com, nino.fijacko@um.si, gregor.stiglic@um.si zdravje d Izhodišče: Na nacionalni ravni poteka vzpostavitev storitve eNaročanje, ki že-li nadomestiti klasično naročanje pacienta. V tej študiji smo raziskali časovno obremenjenost medicinske sestre pri posameznih metodah naročanja pacienta. Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodo dela. Zajeli smo vzorec vseh naročenih pacientov v 12 dneh v mesecu maju 2017 v specialistični ambulanti na območju severovzhodne Slovenije. Zbirali smo podatke o času, ki je potreben za izvedbo različnih metod naročanja pacienta in jih interpretirali s pomoč- jo opisne statistike. Rezultati: Preliminarni rezultati študije, zbrani v 12 dneh, so prikazali, da medicinska sestra pri naročanju pacientov po telefonu (n=65) v povprečju porabi 129 sekund (95% interval zaupanja: 117-162) in 134 sekund (95% IZ: 120-149) za naročanje pacientov osebno (n=16). Elektronsko naročan- je pacientov (n=23) medicinski sestri neposredno ne povzroča dodatnih časovnih obremenjenosti vendar slednje kljub vsemu nastajajo, predvsem zaradi vzpostavitve storitve eNaročanja in s tem povezanih težav pacientov. Diskusija in zaključki: Z raziskavo smo prikazali, da je eNaročanje pacienta za medicinsko sestro najmanj obremenjujoče, učinkovitejše in časovno manj potratno. Ključne besede: eZdravje, eNaročanje, medicinska sestra, zdravstvena nega, časovna obremenitev Background: There is a present tendency on the national level to replace classic scheduling of patients through eNaročanje service. In this study, we observed the time burden that patient appointment scheduling represents to nurses in Slovenia. Methods: We used quantitative research method and captured the appointment scheduling data in specialist clinic for all patients in 12 days of May 2017. We col ected data of the time that is needed to perform various methods of patient appointment scheduling and analysed the data using descriptive statistics. Results: Our study results show that the average time for telephone based scheduling (n=65) was of 129 seconds (95% CI: 117-162) and 134 seconds 59 (95% CI: 120-149) for patient appointment scheduling at the clinic in person (n=16). Electronic patient appointment scheduling (n=23) does not present ad-ežbo ditional time burden for a nurse directly, but problems still do occur mainly del due to eNaročanje service and the problems patients face using it. Discussion u and conclusion: With this study, we showed that patients appointment schedul-dno ing with eNaročanje service presents the smal es increase of the workload for naro a nurse, is more efficient and less time consuming. ed m Key words: eZdravje, eNaročanje, nurse, nursing, time burden a z encfer Cirkadni ritem in umetna svetloba on Circadian rhythm and artificial light kovna k Boštjan Jerko tro Japina d.o.o., Ravnik 31, 8232 Šentrupert bostjan@japina.eu a in s Termin »svetlobno onesnaženje« je običajno povezan z zunanjo razsvetlja-vo in vplivom njene svetlobe na živali, redkeje pa z vplivom svetlobnih virov nanstven 4. z (luč, računalnik, pametni telefon, tablica ...) na budnost posameznika in njegovo zdravje. Tuja literatura navaja povezavo med cirkadnim ritmom človeka in svetlobo. Z uporabo umetne svetlobe je dosežen 24-urni vpliv na cirkadni ritem. Do pred kratkim je bila izbira barve svetlobe omejena na žarnice in flu-orescentne sijalke. S pojavom LED (svetleča dioda, angl. Light Emitting Diode) razsvetljave se je pojavila možnost izbire temperature barve svetlobe in posledično možnost izbire le-te glede na potrebo. Zjutraj je za večjo budnost priporočena hladna bela svetloba (4000K), popoldne običajna bela (3500K) in zvečer, topla bela svetloba (2700K). Poleg tehnologije LED razsvetljave se razvija tudi tehnologija IoT (Internet stvari, angl. Internet Of Things/ Internet stvari) - z njeno uporabo se doseže izbira barve svetlobe glede na potrebe in bioritem posameznika. Poglavitno vprašanje je, kakšen protokol uporabe različnih temperatur barve je najprimernejši za izmenske delavce, da se doseže večjo koncentracijo in se zmanjša neugoden vpliv na zdravje in počutje. Takš- na raziskava v Sloveniji še ni bila opravljena. Predstavljena bo tehnična stran izvedbe raziskave. Ključne besede: Internet stvari, svetloba, cirkadni ritem, LED The term »light pol ution« is usual y connected to external lighting and its impact on animals. It is rarely talked about how light sources (lights, computers, smart phones, tablets etc.) impact individual sleeping patterns and health. Connections between circadian rhythm and light are found in publications. With artificial light the 24-hour impact on circadian rhythm is achieved. Not long ago the colour of the light was restricted to regular light bulbs or fluores-cent light. With the advent of LED (Light Emitting Diodes) lighting the users are able to select the light colour temperature according to their needs. In the morning cold white colour (4000K) is recommended, in the afternoon regular white one (3500K) and at night warm white colour (2700K). Another arriv-ing technology is IoT (Internet of Things) which enables the users to automate selection of colour temperature. The main question is what kind of proto-60 col should be set to select colour temperature to help shift workers improve their concentration and to lessen the negative effect on health and wel -being. n Such a research has never been done in Slovenia. The technical side of the research will be presented. pulatioo Key words: internet of things, lightness, circadian rhythm, LED ge p Ekonomska upravičenost razvoja elektronske dokumentacije rking-ao zdravstvene nege: teoretični primer internističnega oddelka he w Economic feasibility study of developing electronic nursing f t documentation: theoretical case of a hospital’s department of internal medicine ealth o Urša Presekar1, Petra Došenović Bonča2, Andrej Starc1 1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, pulacije | ho Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija. 2 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics, ktivne p Kardeljeva pl. 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija ursa.presekar.93@gmail.com , petra.d.bonca@ef.uni-lj.si, andrej.starc@zf.uni-lj.si elovno a Izhodišča: Še preden je računalnik prišel v naše domove, so ljudje, ki so vide-li prednosti napredka, želeli implementirati idejo o informatizaciji v zdravst-vo. V Sloveniji informatike ne uporabljamo toliko, kot bi jo lahko. Različni viri zdravje d navajajo različne vzroke. V našem delu bomo preučili razloge za takšno stanje v Sloveniji, zlasti s finančnega vidika. Metode: Uporabili smo pregled literature. Pregled literature je bil opravljen marca 2017 v podatkovnih bazah eBook Business Col ection. V pregled smo vključili članke objavljene v celotnem be-sedilu od leta 2007 do 2017. Finančne podatke smo pridobili preko letnih po-ročil kliničnega centra Ljubljana in Maribor. Preučili smo podatke o teoretičnih učinkih in stroških, ki bi jih imel internistični bolnišnični oddelek, v primeru poslovanja samo z elektronsko dokumentacijo in v primeru poslovanja samo papirnate dokumentacije. Upoštevali smo razlike pri dokumentiranju na elektronski ali papirnati način. Podatki, kateri niso znani, so sklepani iz praktičnega znanja. Rezultati: Oblikovan je teoretični model, ki lahko služi kot pripomoček za ugotavljanje ekonomske upravičenosti elektronske dokumentacije v praksi zdravstvene nege. Diskusija in zaključek: Razvoj elektronske dokumentacije zdravstvene nege je na podlagi teoretičnega primera ekonomsko upravičen za-to je torej potrebno identificirati druge dejavnike njenega počasnega uvajanja. Model bo v bodoče tudi empirično testiran. Ključne besede: investicija, finance, elektronska dokumentacija, elektronski zdravstveni zapis, bolnišnica Introduction: Even before personal computers came into our homes, people who saw the beneficial and improvement, they wish was to implement in medical care. Adoptions of this media in Slovenia remain low. Different sources cite different reasons. Our work will examine the reasons. Primarily the focus wil be the financial aspects. Methods: We used a literature review. The review was made in March 2017 from the databases eBook Business Col ection. Only ful texts between 2007 and 2017 were included. Financial data was obtained from annual financial reports of University Medical Center Ljubljana and University Medical Center Maribor. We reviewed theoretical effect of financial costs, be-61 tween normal paper documentation vs. electronic documentation on internal medicine department. We analyzed effects and costs. Between electronic and ežbo paper documentation and its data imputes, different factors were included. del Unknown data were included, based on practical knowledge. Results: We con-u struct a theoretical model, which could be used as a tool for economic viability dno of electronic nursing documentation. Discussion and conclusion: Based on theo-naro retical implication the development of electronic documentation in nursing, is ed m economical y justified and therefore is necessary to identify factors, of its slow a z placement. The model will be empirical y tested. encfer Key words: Investment, finance, electronic documentation, electronic health on record (EHR), electronic medical record (EMR), hospital kovna k tro a in s nanstven 4. z Sekcija/Section Družbeni izzivi ohranjanja zdravja žensk Societal Challenges of Maintaining Women,s Health Vabljeno predavanje Invited lecture Reproduktivne pravice žensk v hrvaškem javnem prostoru: študija primera treh najbolj branih internetnih portalov Reproductive rights of women in the public space in Croatia: the case study of three most widely read internet portals Nada Gosić Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Department of Social Sciences and Medical Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Viktora cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia nada.gosic@medri.uniri.hr Izhodišča: Namen raziskave je bil predstaviti in analizirati medijsko pokritost reproduktivnih pravic žensk in proučiti ali deležniki iz znanstvene in profesionalne ter neznanstvene sfere, s svojimi sporočili, prispevajo k razumevanju repro-64 duktivnih pravic žensk ter oblikovanju vrednostne naravnanosti tega aktualnega n družbenega vprašanja na Hrvaškem. Metode: Vzorčenje je vključevalo medn-arodna besedila, ki vsebujejo opredelitev reproduktivnih pravic in ključne re-pulatioo gionalne akte o človekovih pravicah, ki so bili objavljeni med 1. 1. 2016 in 31. 12. ge p 2016 na treh najbolj branih internetnih portalih v Republiki Hrvaški. Razprava in zaključki: Objavljena besedila in sporočila kažejo na stopnjo kulture dialo-rking-a ga o reproduktivnih pravicah žensk, ki se odvija v hrvaškem javnem prostoru, o in priložnost za ženske, da se izražajo, individualno in neodvisno do tistih de-he w javnikov, ki se jim zdijo pomembni pri iskanju odgovorov in odločanju o moral-f t nih dilemah in izzivih, ki jih pred njih postavlja uveljavljanje reproduktivnih pravic. ealth o Ključne besede: reproduktivne pravice žensk, znanstvene perspektive, mednarodni dokumenti, moralne dileme, kultura dialoga pulacije | ho Introduction: The purpose of research was to display and analyse media cover-age of women’s reproductive rights and to investigate whether holders of sci-ktivne p entific and expert perspectives and unscientific approaches contribute, through their messages, to the understanding of women’s reproductive rights and shap-elovno a ing the value orientation on this current issue in Croatia. Methods: Sampling methods have included texts that contain reproductive rights defined in international documents and key regional human rights treaties published on three zdravje d of the most widely read Internet portals in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 1.1.2016 to 31.12. 2016. Discussion and Conclusions: The published texts and the messages contained therein point to the level of the culture of dialogue on women’s reproductive rights, which is being led in the public space of the Republic of Croatia, and the permission for women to reflect themselves, individual y and independently on those factors that they deem important in the search for answers and making decisions in the moral dilemmas and chal enges placed before them by the exercise of reproductive rights. Key words: women’s reproductive rights, scientific perspectives, international documents, moral dilemmas, culture of dialogue Retrospektivna in izkustvena percepcija vplivov telesne aktivnosti v času nosečnosti na potek poroda in poporodno obdobje Retrospective and experiential perception of physical activity during pregnancy on childbirth and postpartum period Marjana Božič1, Ksenija Kragelj2, Mirko Prosen1 1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola 2 Medical Center Tolmin, Prešernova 6/a, 5220 Tolmin bozic.marjanca@gmail.com Izhodišča: Namen raziskave je bil preučiti prepričanja in izkušnje žensk v času po porodu o tem, kako skrb za telesno aktivnost v obdobju nosečnosti vpliva na psihično in fizično počutje, izid poroda ter okrevanje v poporodnem obdobju. Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena kvalitativna metodologija. Uporabljen je bil namenski vzorec enajstih žensk, ki so rodile v zadnjem letu. Njihova povprečna starost je bila 27,6 let (s = 4,37); največ (n = 5) jih je zaključilo srednješolsko izobraževanje; največ (n = 7) jih živi na podeželju; več kot polovi-65 ca vseh anketirank so bile prvorodnice (n = 8). Podatki so bili zbrani z delno strukturiranim intervjujem v januarju 2017. Besedilo je bilo obdelano s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificirane so bile tri teme, in sicer (1) de-ežbo del javniki, ki vplivajo na izvajanje, možnosti, motivacijo in ozaveščenost o pomenu u telesne aktivnosti v času nosečnosti, (2) značilnosti izvajanja telesne aktivnos-dno ti v poporodnem obdobju, (3) izvajanje treninga mišic medeničnega dna med naro nosečnostjo in po porodu. Diskusija in zaključki: Rezultati nakazujejo, da se žen-ed ske močno zavedajo pomena telesne aktivnosti v času nosečnosti in njenih m a z pozitivnih vplivov na porod, poporodno obdobje ter psihično in fizično počutje. enc Vključene v raziskavo so mnenja, da je telesna aktivnost pripomogla k lažjemu fer porodu in hitrejšemu okrevanje po samem porodu. Čas, ki so ga posameznice on posvetile telesni vadbi se je med intervjuvankami razlikoval. Večina žensk se je v času nosečnosti s telesno aktivnostjo ukvarjala individualno, predvsem s ho-kovna k jo in plavanjem. tro Ključne besede: telesna vadba, izidi poroda, trening mišic medeničnega dna, a in s kvalitativna metodologija Introduction: The purpose of the research was to examine the beliefs and expe-nanstven riences of women in the postpartum period on how the physical activity dur-4. z ing pregnancy affects the psychological and physical wel -being, the outcome of childbirth and the recovery in postpartum period. Methods: The qualitative methodology was used. The purposive sample of 11 women who have giv-en birth in the last year was applied. Their mean age was 27.6 years (s = 4.37); most of them (n = 5) finished upper secondary education; most of them (n = 7) were living in rural areas; more than half of the interviewees were primiparous women (n = 8). Data were col ected using a semi-structured interview in January 2017. The data gathered were analyzed with the method of content analysis. Results: The analysis yield three themes, namely (1) the factors that affect the implementation, opportunities, motivation and awareness about the importance of physical activity during pregnancy, (2) the characteristics of performing physical activity in the postpartum period, (3) the implementation of pelvic floor muscle exercise during pregnancy and after childbirth. Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate that women are very aware about the importance of physical activity during pregnancy and its positive impact on childbirth, postpartum period, and psychological and physical wel -being. The interviewees were the opinion that physical activity helped to facilitate childbirth and recovery after childbirth. The time taken by the individuals dedicated to physical activity differed between the interviewees. Most women during pregnancy were engaged in physical activity individual y. They usual y choose walking and swimming. Key words: physical exercise, childbirth outcomes, pelvic floor muscle exercises, qualitative methodology Učinkovitost mamografije za odkrivanje rakavih sprememb pri ženskah pod 50. letom starosti The mammography efficiency in breast cancer detection in women under 50 years of age 66 Anja Brčan, Maruša Kebe, Maša Pintar, Andrej Starc n University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana anja.brcan@gmail.com pulatioo Rak dojk je tako v Sloveniji kot tudi drugod po svetu najpogostejši rak pri žen-ge p skah. Število novih pacientk z rakom dojk se povečuje zaradi znanih dejavnikov tveganja. Leta 2005 je bilo v Sloveniji na novo rak dojk odkrit pri 1111 ženskah, rking-ao leta 2016 pa je število naraslo na 1307 (17,6 %). V Sloveniji in Evropi uspešno deluje državni presejalni program za raka dojk – DORA. V okviru istoimenske-he wf t ga programa so vse ženske med 50. in 69. letom vabljene na mamografijo. Različne tuje študije so pokazale, da mamografija ni tako zanesljiva za zgodnje ealth o odkrivanje raka na dojkah pri ženskah mlajših od 50 let, zaradi gostote tkiva dojk. Senzitivnost znaša 73,4 % (< 50 let). Obstaja nevarnost lažno pozitivnih rezultatov in dokazano je, da kar 22 % vseh diagnosticiranih rakov predstavl-pulacije | h ja prediagnosticiranje. To pa pomeni, da se žensko napoti na invazivno diag-o nosticiranje, ki ga v resnici ne potrebuje, kar predstavlja zanjo čustven napor in stisko. Pri mlajših ženskah je tveganje za lažno pozitiven rezultat 61,3 %, med-ktivne p tem ko je pri starejših ženskah 49,7 %. Dodatni metodi odkrivanja raka posebno pri mlajših ženskah (< 50 let) sta ultrazvok in magnetna resonanca. Upo-elovno a rabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s kritičnim pregledom domače in tuje znanstvene in strokovne literature. zdravje d Ključne besede: rak dojk, mamografija, presajanje, DORA Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer at women in Slovenia and around the world. The number of patients increases because of risk factors. In 2015, there was 1111 breast cancer cases in Slovenia, in 2016 the number increased to 1307 (17.6%). In Slovenia and Europe exists a successful screening test program for breast cancer, named DORA. All women between 50 and 69 years are invited in the program to perform a mammography. Several foreign studies have shown that mammography is not the most reliable meth- od for early breast cancer detection for women less than 50 years of age. The sensitivity is 73.4% (< 50 years). In relation to mammography exists a possibility for false positive results. It has been proven that 22% of all diagnoses were pre-diagnosed. This means that women have been exposed to invasive diagnostic procedure, but actual y they do not need. The risk of a false positive result in younger women is 61.3% and 49.7% in older women. For women under 50 years the additional methods are also the ultrasound and MRI. Descriptive method will be used to critical y assess domestic and foreign scientific literature. Key words: breast cancer, mammography, screening, DORA Reproduktivno zdravstveno varstvo žensk z intelektualno oviro Reproductive health care of women with intellectual disabilities Irena Ceglar Care and working centre Tončka Hočevar, Vodnikova 56, 1000 Ljubljana irena.ceglar@siol.net Izhodišča: Ženske z intelektualno oviro so vedno imele otroke, s sodobnimi procesi vključevanja v večinsko družbo jih ima otroke čedalje več. Ženske z in-67 telektualno oviro potrebujejo specializirane zdravstvene storitve za ohranjanje reproduktivnega zdravja. Osrednje raziskovalno vprašanje je bilo: ali se na ežbo ženske z intelektualno oviro gleda kot na osebe, ki niso sposobne imeti otro-del u ka. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna metodologija. Opravljeni so bili po-globljeni intervjuji z 12 materami, ki imajo intelektualno oviro, in ki so vključene dno v slovenske varstveno delovne centre. Rezultati: Izsledki kvalitativne raziskave naro kažejo na to, da tradicionalna prepričanja, da ženske z intelektualno oviro ne ed m morejo biti matere, vplivajo na kakovost in obseg njihove priprave na materin-a z stvo, med drugim tudi na preventivne in kurativne zdravstvene storitve. Diskus-enc ija in zaključki: Matere z intelektualno oviro lahko dovolj dobro skrbijo za svoje feron otroke in živijo skupaj z njimi, če imajo na voljo ustrezno podporo. Ugotovitve prispevajo novo znanje in razmislek o potrebi po strokovni podpori, na podlagi česar se lahko oblikujejo priporočila in oblikovanje novih praks podpor mamam kovna k z intelektualno oviro v njihovih okoljih. tro Ključne besede: materinstvo, intelektualna ovira, zdravstvene storitve a in s Introduction: Women with intel ectual disabilities have always had children, and with the modern processes of integration into mainstream society, more and nanstven more people with intellectual disabilities have children. Women with intellectu-4. z al disabilities need specialized medical services to preserve their reproductive health. Methods: Qualitative methodology was used. 12 research interviews with mothers with intellectual disabilities, who are users of Slovenian institutions for people with intel ectual disabilities, were conducted. One of the main research questions was: are women with intel ectual disabilities perceived as people who are unable to have children. Results: Results suggest that the traditional beliefs that women with intellectual disabilities cannot be mothers affect the quality and scope of their preparation for motherhood, including preventive and curative reproductive health services. Dicussions and Conclusions: Mothers with intel ectual disabilities, who have a proper support, are able to adequately care for their children and live with them. The findings contribute new knowledge and reflection on the need for professional support, on the basis of which recommendations can be made as well as the creation of new practices that offer support to mothers with intel ectual disabilities in their environments. Key words: motherhood, intellectual disability, specialized medical services Možnosti uporabe Ritgenovega manevra za ohranitev perineja in dejavniki, ki vplivajo na pogostost epiziotomij in perinealnih poškodb med porodom The possibilities of Ritgen manouver for perserving perineum and the influence of some parameters on the frequency of episiotomy and perineal damage Anže Čeh University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Šlajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana anze.ceh@kclj.si 68 Izhodišča: V Sloveniji je v zadnjih letih opaziti precejšnje spremembe v pristopih pri varovanju perineja, ki se kaže v pomembnem zmanjšanju deleža epiziot-n omij, predvsem v nekaterih porodnišnicah. Z namenom ugotavljanja možnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na pogostost epiziotomij, je bila opravljena raziskava, pulatioo v kateri so bili proučevani naslednji dejavniki: pariteta, plodova porodna teža ge p in obseg plodove glavice. Namen prispevka je tudi opisati Ritgenov manever kot pomoč pri porodu plodove glavice in možnosti za implementacijo le-tega rking-ao v prakso. Metode: V raziskavi je uporabljena tako osnovna deskriptivna statistika, kot multivariatna logistična regresija in testiranje hipotez s Hi-kvadratom, he wf t t–testom, ter Mann–Whitneyjevim U-testom. Podatki so bili zbrani preko Nacionalnega perinatalnega informacijskega sistema Slovenije, med leti 2008– ealth o 2012. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali statistično značilne (p<0,05) vplive paritete, kar pomeni, da so obsežnejšim poškodbam perineja najbolj podvržene prvesnice, ki so imele opravljeno epiziotomijo (0,6 %), najmanj pa pulacije | h mnogorodnice, brez opravljene epiziotomije (0,2 %). Prav tako je bil dokazan o statistično značilen vpliv porodne teže novorojenca in obsega glavice na pogostost epiziotomij, kar pomeni, da so bili novorojenci pri porodnicah z opravljeno ktivne p epiziotomijo v povprečju za 60g težji (p<0,05) in so imeli za 0,4 cm večji obseg glave (p<0,05). Porodi, pri katerih ni bila opravljena epiziotomija, so bili za elovno a skoraj 30 minut krajši. Diskusija in zaključki: Ritgenov manever, ki je bil prvotno opisan kot postopek za preprečitev poškodb perineja, se v Sloveniji, po zbranih podatkih avtorja, ne uporablja, so pa v uporabi različne tehnike varovanja per-zdravje d ineja, ki vsebujejo elemente omenjenega manevra in po izkušnjah posameznih babic lahko pripomorejo k manjši verjetnosti za poškodbo perineja. Babice se vedno bolj zavedajo pomembnosti ohranjanja intaktnosti perineja med porodom, kar dokazujejo statistični podatki incidence epiziotomij. Ključne besede: Porod, Ritgenov manever, epiziotomija, perinej Introduction: In the recent years, we have observed significant changes in the approach to maintaining an intact perineum, which is reflected in a decreasing trend in the frequency of the performed episiotomies in Slovenia, especial y in some maternity hospitals. In order to determine the possible factors, affecting the frequency of episiotomy, a survey has been conducted in which the fol owing factors were examined: The parity, newborn’s birth weight and circumference of fetal head. The purpose of this article is to describe the Ritgen’s maneuver as an aid in childbirth and the possibilities of implementing it in practice. Methods: In the survey were used the basic descriptive statistics as well as the multivariate logistic regression an the hypothesis testing with Chi-square, t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. The data were col ected through the National Perinatal Information System of Slovenia during the years 2008-2012. Results: The results showed statistical y significant (p <0.05) effects of parity, which means that the more extensive injuries of the perineum have been observed with primiparas with an episiotomy (0.6%), and the least injuries with multiparas without an episiotomy (0.2%). Also statistical y significant is the influence of newborn’s birth weight and head circumference on the frequency of episiotomy, which means that women with performed episiotomy have newborns, who are in average 60g heavier (p <0.05) and had 0.4 cm more head circumference (p <0.05). Deliveries, where no episiotomy was carried out, were almost 30 minutes shorter. Discussion and conclusions: According to the data, col ected by the author, the Ritgen’s maneuver, which was orig-69 inal y described as a method to prevent a perineum trauma, is not being used in Slovenia, however, Slovenian midwives use various techniques to protect the ežbo perineum, which contain elements of Ritgen’s maneuver and can reduce per-del u ineal trauma. Midwives are increasingly aware of the importance of maintain-dno ing the intact perineum during childbirth, as evidenced by the statistics of the episiotomy incidence. naroed Key words: Childbirth, Ritgen’s maneuver, episiotomy, perineum m a z enc Socialno kulturne razlike kot izziv pri zagotavljanju zdravja žensk fer in njihovih otrok v obporodnem obdobju on Socio cultural differences as a challenge in ensuring the health of women and their children in the perinatal period kovna k tro Ema Jasavić1, Tita Stanek Zidarič2 1 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, a in s Šlajmerjeva 3, 1000 Ljubljana 2 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, nanstven Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana 4. z ema.rugovac@gmail.com, tita.zidaric@zf.uni-lj.si Izhodišča: Vsaka oseba je del neke kulture. V določenih kulturah obstaja težn-ja po prirejanju svečanih ritualov ob pomembnih življenjskih dogodkih, med katere spadajo nosečnost in rojstvo otroka. Ti rituali in navade so odsev vrednot posamezne družbe. Za zdravstvene strokovnjake je pomembno razumevanje kulturnih vlog vseh članov posamezne družine, religioznih vrednot ali pomena rojstva, z namenom zagotavljanja optimalnega zdravja žensk in njihovih otrok. Metode: Raziskovalno vprašanje (Kakšne so izkušnje in občutenja babic, ki v času poroda skrbijo za ženske, katerih kulturna prepričanja se razliku-jejo od njihovih lastnih?) je študijo vodilo do kvalitativne metode raziskovanja, natančneje fenomenologije. Podatki so bili zbrani s pomočjo pol strukturiranih intervjujev z 11 babicami zaposlenimi v Bolnišnici za ginekologijo in porodništ- vo Kranj in analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine značilno za fenome-nologijo. Rezultati: Postopek analize podatkov je imel dve smeri oziroma fazi; najprej določitve kategorij, relevantnih doživljajskih spoznanj in odnosov, na-to pa vnovično sintezo oziroma formiranje nekakšne teorije o preučevanem fenomenu. Zavedanje ranljivosti žensk v babicah prebudi empatijo in sočut-je, kar jih vodi in spodbuja pri iznajdljivosti, ter zagotavljanju podpore v premagovanju razlik med teorijo in prakso. Diskusija in zaključki: Ugotovitev študije ni moč posplošiti, kljub temu pa mora biti delo zdravstvenih strokovnjakov, ki skrbijo za žensko in njenega otroka v obporodnem obdobju usmerjeno v prepoznavanje in spoštovanje socialno kulturnih razlik. Ključne besede: kulturne razlike, porod, zdravje žensk, fenomenologija Introduction: Each person is part of a culture. In some cultures, there is a tendency for organizing rituals at important life events, which include pregnancy and childbirth. These rituals and habits are a reflection of the values of a society. For healthcare professionals it is important to understand the cultural 70 roles of all members of each family. Also their religious values or the meaning of birth in order to ensure optimal health for women and their children. Meth-n ods: The research question (What are the experiences and feelings of midwives who during birth care for women whose cultural beliefs differ from their pulatioo own?) In this study a qualitative research methodology – phenomenology was ge p used. Data were col ected using semi-structured interviews with 11 midwives employed at the Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics Kranj and analysed rking-a using coding. Results: The method of data analysis had two phases; first deter-o mining the categories relevant experiential knowledge and relationships, and he wf t then re-synthesis and the formation of a theory about the studied phenomenon; Awareness of the vulnerability of women awakens empathy and compas-ealth o sion among midwives, which leads in promoting the ingenuity, as well as providing support in bridging the gap between theory and practice. Discussion and Conclusions: The conclusion of the study cannot be generalized; however, the pulacije | h work of health professionals who care for the woman and her child in the per-o inatal period must be focused on the recognition and respect for cultural and social differences. ktivne p Key words: cultural differences, labor, women's health, phenomenology elovno a Kakovost življenja medicinskih sester Quality of life of nurses zdravje d Sandra Joković, Maja Račić, Jelena Pavlović, Natalija Hadživuković University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine Foca, Studentska 5, 73 300 Foca, Bosnia and Hercegovina sandra.jokovic@hotmail.com Izhodišča: V sodobni medicinski praksi je pojem kakovosti življenja v zadnjem času pridobil velik pomen in pomembno vlogo pri analizi problemov v razno-likih kliničnih situacijah. Cilj raziskave je bil oceniti stopnjo zaznane kakovosti življenja medicinskih sester. Metoda: Študija je bila zasnovana kot presečna raziskava. Vzorec raziskave je bil sestavljen iz medicinskih sester v primarnem in sekundarnem zdravstvenem varstvu. Sociodemografski vprašalnik in vprašalnik za oceno zdravja (SF-36) sta bila uporabljena v oceni kakovosti življenja. Statistična analiza je bila opravljena s pomočjo statističnega programskega paketa SPSS. Rezultati: Največji delež vprašanih (67%) se je uvrstil v kategorijo odlične-ga fizičnega delovanja, 30% se jih je uvrstilo v skupino dobrega fizičnega delovanja, med tem ko se je le 3% preiskovancev uvrstilo v skupino s slabo fizično zmogljivostjo. Na socialnem področju jih 52% funkcionira odlično, 47% jih ima dobro raven socialne zmogljivosti, med tem ko je pri zgolj dveh vprašanih raven družbenega delovanja nizka. Pomembne omejitve zaradi čustvenih težav ima 30% vprašanih. Zaključek: Sociodemografske značilnosti pomembno vplivajo na kakovost življenja medicinskih sester (fizično, socialno in čustveno delovanje). Ključne besede: kakovost življenja, zdravje, medicinske sestre. Introduction: In modern medical practice, the concept of quality of life has recently gained a great significance and important role in problem analysis in a variety of clinical situations. The aim of this study has been to assess the level of perceived quality of life of nurses. Methodology: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consisted of nurses in pri-71 mary and secondary healthcare. A sociodemographic questionnaire and questionnaire of health assessment (SF-36) were used for assessment of quality of ežbo life. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS statistical package software. Redel sults: The highest percentage of respondents (67%) belong to the category of u excel ent physical functioning, 30% belong to the group that has good physical dno functioning, whereas only 3% of the subjects have poor physical performance. naro Fifty-two percent of respondents have excel ent social functioning, 47% have ed m a good level of performance, while only two patients have a poor level of so-a z cial functioning. Thirty percent of respondents have significant limitations due enc to emotional problems. Discussion and Conclusions: Sociodemographic charac-feron teristics significantly affect the quality of life of nurses (physical, social and emotional functioning). kovna k Key words: quality of life, health, nurses. tro a in s Doživljanje spolnosti v prvem letu po porodu: pogledi in stališča žensk Women’s experience of sexual intercourse nanstven in the first year after childbirth: views and attitudes of women 4. z Anita Jug Došler, Ana Polona Mivšek, Petra Petročnik, Teja Škodič Zakšek University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana anita.jug@zf.uni-lj.si Izhodišča: Spolnost po porodu je odvisna od več dejavnikov, ki delujejo in učinkujejo na žensko lahko tudi hkratno. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti doživljanje spolnosti slovenskih žensk v prvem letu po porodu. Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena deskriptivna in kavzalno-neeksperimentalna metoda empiričnega raziskovanja, ki temeljila tudi na pregledu znanstvene in strokovne literature. Uporabljen je bil priložnostni vzorec. V raziskavi, ki je bila zasnovana kot spletna anketa, je sodelovalo 3106 žensk. Rezultati so bili analizirani s po-močjo statističnega programa SPSS verzija 20.0. Rezultati: Izmed vseh vključenih je 62 % parov pričelo s spolnimi odnosi po porodu v obdobju od 6 tednov do 2 mesecev. Izmed vseh anketirank je 62 % s spolnimi odnosi po porodu enako zadovoljnih kot pred porodom. Tistih, ki so manj zadovoljne je 36 %. Več kot polovica (57 %) žensk ima redkejše spolne odnose kot pred rojstvom otroka. Večji delež žensk (65 %) bi si želelo imeti več spolnih odnosov. Ženske so kot težavo najpogosteje navajale dispareunijo. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave predstavljajo izhodišče za iskanje rešitev na področju izboljšanja spolnosti v 1. letu po rojstvu otroka, tudi z vidika prejemanja ustreznih strokovnih nasvetov, informacij in pomoči s strani zdravstvenih delavcev. Ključne besede: nosečnost, spolnost, spolni odnosi, spremembe, partnerstvo Introduction: Sexuality after childbirth depends of several factors that may affect women at the same time. The aim of the study was to research slovenian women‘s experience of sexual intercourse in the first year after childbirth. Methods: Descriptive and causal – nonexperimental method of empirical research has been used with the scientific literature review. Convenience sample of 3106 72 women has been used and the data was gathered through the online questionnaire tool. The results were analysed with the use of SPSS ver. 20.0 statistical n program. Results: 62 % of couples started with their sexual intercourse 6 to 8 weeks after childbirth. 62 % of participants reported their satisfaction with sex-pulatioo ual intercourse was the same as in the period before childbirth. 36 % of women ge p reported lower satisfaction with the sexual intercourse after birth. More than half of the women (57 %) had the sexual intercourse less frequently after birth. rking-a 65 % of women reported they would like to have the sexual intercourse more o frequently. The most commonly reported problem after birth was dyspare- he wf t unia. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of the survey suggest some clear recommendations in terms of optimising the couples’ sexual life in the period ealth o after childbirth and in the first year of his life. Health care professionals have to be knowledgeable to share professional advice in the period after childbirth. Key words: pregnancy, sexuality, sexual intercourse, changes, partnership pulacije | ho Psihološki in fiziološki kazalniki počutja pri ženskah ktivne p ob hospitalizaciji otroka Psychological and physiological indicators in women with hospitalized child elovno a Marjanca Kovše1, Štefan Grosek1, Maša Černelič Bizjak2 zdravje d 1 Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care, Surgical Service, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola mkovse2@gmail.com, stefan.grosek@kclj.si, masa.cernelic@upr.si Izhodišča: Hospitalizacija otroka lahko povzroči resno anksioznost in stres predvsem pri ženskah. Materin stres lahko vpliva tudi na otroka. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti, kako močan stres doživljajo matere pred in po operativ-nem posegu pri otroku, kateri dejavniki so s tem povezani, in ali socialna podpora deluje kot blažilec stresa. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 74 mater, 37 očetov in 80 otrok. Opravljene so bile meritve doživljanja stresa pred in po op-erativnem posegu. Na podlagi vzorcev sline in urina je bila določena vrednost stresnega hormona kortizola. Raziskava je potekala na Kliničnem oddelku za otroško kirurgijo in intenzivno terapijo (KOOKIT). Rezultati: Rezultati meritev so pokazali, da je bil operativni poseg za matere stresen dogodek. Bolj povišane vrednosti so imele matere, ki so prišle same (povprečne vrednosti koncentracije kortizola 28,13 nmol/l ± 43,88 nmol/l), v primerjavi z materami, ki so prišle skupaj s partnerjem (13,19 nmol/l ±10,31 nmol/l). Pri obeh skupinah je porazdelitev kortizola statistično značilno (p < 0,01) odstopala od normale. Diskusija in zaključki: Raziskava je pokazala, da so matere pod velikim stresom zaradi operativnega posega pri otroku. Matere, ki so prišle skupaj s partnerjem, so imele nižjo koncentracijo kortizola, kar bi kazalo na doživljanje manjše-ga stresa. Predlagane so spremembe v obravnavi staršev otrok, s poudarkom na zmanjševanju stresa in anksioznosti. Ključne besede: stres, operativni poseg, zdravje mater, kortizol Background: Hospitalization of a child can cause a serious state of anxiety and stress, especial y in women. Maternal stress can also affect the child. The purpose of the study was to examine how strong the stress was experienced by 73 mothers before and after surgery of the child which factors are related, and if the social support acts as a buffer against stress. Methods: The study involved ežbo 74 mothers, 37 fathers and 80 children. Measurements were done before and del u after surgery, as well as value of the stress hormone cortisol was determined dno on samples of saliva and urine. The study was conducted at the Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care (KOOKIT). Results: The re-naroed sults showed that the surgery is a stressful event for mothers. The more elevat-m ed values had mothers who came alone (average value of the concentration of a z cortisol was 28.13 nmol / l ± 43.88 nmol / L), compared with mothers who had encfer come together with a partner (13.19 nmol / l ± 10.31 nmol / l). In both groups, on the distribution of cortisol significantly (p < 0.01) deviated from the normal range. Discussion and conclusions: The study showed that mothers are under a kovna k lot of stress due to child’s surgery. Mothers who have come together with a tro partner had lower levels of cortisol, which would point to the experience less stress. An important focus is on changes in treatment of parents with an em-a in s phasis on reducing the stress and anxiety. Key words: stress, surgery, mother health, cortisol nanstven 4. z Zagotavljanje enakopravnosti skozi pridobivanje kulturnih kompetenc v izobraževanju za zdravstveno nego: pregled literature Ensuring equality through the acquisition of cultural competencies in nursing education: A literature review Sabina Ličen, Igor Karnjuš, Mirko Prosen University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenija sabina.licen@fvz.upr.si, igor.karnjus@fvz.upr.si, mirko.prosen@fvz.upr.si Število migrantk in migrantov se iz leta v leto povečuje. Če je bilo leta 2000 v svetu okoli 175 milijonov mednarodnih migrantov, jih je bilo leta 2013 po podatkih Mednarodne organizacije za migracije že približno 230 milijonov. V preteklosti so raziskovalci v okviru zdravstvene nege in oskrbe pozornost na-menjali predvsem moškim migrantom. Danes je opaziti večjo pozornost in raziskovalno zanimanje za migrantke, vendar pa je ta usmerjena predvsem v migracije kot na spolno zaznamovan proces in manj iz vidika zdravstvene ne-ge in oskrbe. Raziskave kažejo, da ženske iz kulturno drugačnih okolij izka-zujejo slabše zdravstvene izzide, predvsem zaradi nedostopnosti zdravstvenih storitev, jezikovnih in kulturnih barier ter nenazadnje tudi institucionalnega rasizma, ki je velikokrat posledica neznanja zdravstvenih delavcev. Primerno izobraževanje v smeri pridobivanja kulturnih kompetenc medicinskih sester je eden izmed načinov spodbujanja etično učinkovitih zdravstvenih sistemov in storitev. Čeprav so kulturne kompetence v zdravstveni negi že dolgo spoznane kot nujno potrebne v klinični praksi, pa jasnih opredelitev glede strategij pou- čevanja za pridobivanje kulturnih kompetenc ni, kot tudi ne ustrezne teoretične podpore. Raziskava temelji na namenskem pregledu literature, ki skozi diskurz medkulturnosti vrednoti razpoložljive dokaze, ki opisujejo poučevanje, učen-je in s tem pridobivanje kulturnih kompetenc med študenti zdravstvene nege. 74 Ključne besede: medkulturne kompetence, transkulturna zdravstvena nega, n zdravje žensk, izobraževanje The number of migrants continues to increase. If in 2000 all over the wor-pulatioo ld the number of international migrants reached about 175 mil ion, there we-ge p re in 2013, according to the International Organization for Migration, about 230 mil ion migrants. It is noticeable that in the past researchers, from the per-rking-a spective of nursing and healthcare, devoted their attention mainly to the ma-o le migrants. Nowadays more attention and research interest is focused on fe-he wf t male migrants; however, most of the research highlights the migration process as gender oriented process and not as much from the nursing or healthcare ealth o oriented perspective. Other research findings suggest that women from cultural y diverse background are faced with poor health outcomes, mainly due to inaccessible health services, language and cultural barriers, and last but not pulacije | h least, institutional racism, which is often the result of ignorance of healthcare o professionals. Appropriate education methods towards the acquisition of cultural competencies of nurses are one of the ways of promoting ethical efficient ktivne p healthcare systems and services. Although cultural competencies in nursing ha-ve long been recognized as essential part of clinical practice, there is no clear elovno a definition about suitable teaching strategy for the acquisition of cultural competence and relevant theoretical support. The research is based on a purposeful literature review where through the discourse of interculturalism available evi-zdravje d dence, describing the teaching/learning strategies regarding cross-cultural ca-re and the acquisition of cultural competencies among nursing students, is evaluated. Key words: cross-cultural competencies, transcultural nursing, women’s health, education Dimenzije kakovosti življenja žensk z rakom dojke Dimensions of quality of life in women with breast cancer Michela Manfreda, Sara Mozetič Dr. Franc Derganc General Hospital Nova Gorica, Ulica padlih borcev 13a, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici michela.manfreda@gmail.com, mozetic.s@gmail.com Rak dojk je pomemben javnozdravstveni problem zaradi visoke incidence in mortalitete. Bolezen ima dobre izide zdravljenja in preživetja v kolikor je zgodaj odkrita. V zadnjih letih so tudi številni napredki v diagnostiki in zdravljenju bolezni pomembno prispevali k podaljšanju življenja, zaradi česar je postala kakovost življenja osrednje vprašanje žensk z rakom dojk. Rak dojk je bržkone strah in trepet večine žensk, še posebej zato, ker je povezan z negativno stig-mo, ki izvira iz same diagnoze ter izhajajočih psihičnih vplivov. Slednji vplivajo na številne dimenzije kakovosti življenja, še posebej na samopodobo in seksual-nost. Koncept kakovosti življenja je pogosto opisan kot subjektivno vrednoten-75 je življenja kot celote ali pacientova ocena zadovoljstva s trenutnim nivojem funkcioniranja v primerjavi s pričakovanim ali njihovim idealom. Kakovost življenja sestavljajo številne domene, ki vključujejo fizično funkcijo, psihično počut-ežbo del je in socialno podporo. Doživljanje izkušnje bolezni in s tem povezana kakovost u življenja med ženskami vari ra, saj gre pri tem za delovanje številnih dejavnikov dno – povezanih z boleznijo ali pa tudi ne. Zlasti je pomembno povezano delovan-naro je psihosocialnih problemov in težav, ki jih povzročajo fizični simptomi. Tuje ed in slovenske raziskave ugotavljajo, da je kakovost življenja žensk z rakom dojk m a z pomembno povezana s finančnim položajem, ki nastane zaradi izgube dohodenc ka ter posledično nižjim socialnim statusom. Namen prispevka je predstaviti difer menzije kakovosti življenja žensk z rakom dojk, njihovo delovanje ter ukrepe za on izboljšanje zaznane kakovosti življenja. Ključne besede: psihosocialni problemi, socialna podpora, samopodoba, kovna k mastektomija, zdravstvena nega tro Breast cancer is an important public health issue because of its high incidence a in s and mortality. If the disease is diagnosed early in its course, good treatment outcomes and survival rate can be expected. In the last years the improve-nanstven ments in diagnostic tests and treatment enabled increased survival rates, and 4. z therefore the quality of life of women with breast cancer has become the main concern of management. Breast cancer represents fear for most women, mostly because of negative stigma of the diagnosis itself as well as al eged psychosocial influences, which have impact on many dimensions of the quality of life, especial y on the self image and sexuality. The concept of the quality of life is often described as subjective evaluation of life or evaluation of satisfaction with the current level of functioning regarding with best or ideal functioning. The quality of life has many domains which include physical functions, psychological issues and social support. The experience of the disease and related quality of life varies between patients, because many different factors interre-late, some of them not directly associated with the disease itself. Psychosocial factors caused by physical problems are of utmost importance. Slovenian and foreign researches establish, that the quality of life is importantly related to a financial status and that the decrease of financial income influences the social status of the diseased. The purpose of this article is to present the dimensions of the quality of life of the women with breast cancer, their functioning and the measures to improve the quality of life. Key words: psychosocial problems, social support, self-esteem, mastectomy, nursing care Vpliv aktivnega vodenja poroda na izid poroda The impact of active labour management on the outcome of childbirth Nada Matanović Hospital for Women Diseases and Obstetrics Postojna, Prečna ulica 2, 6230 Postojna nadamatanovic@gmail.com 76 Izhodišča: Namen retrospektivne raziskave je bil primerjati rezultate izidov fiziološkega poroda z rezultati aktivno vodenih porodov; primerjati trajanje n povprečnega poroda; ugotoviti kateri porodi se končajo spontano in kateri s epiziotomijo ali rupturo; ugotoviti v kakšnem deležu so porodi zaključeni op-pulatioo erativno in v koliko primerih pride do t. i. mekonijske plodovnice; ugotoviti ali ge p se več fizioloških porodov zgodi ponoči ali čez dan; ugotoviti v kakšni meri vpliva aktivno vodenje poroda na oceno po Apgarjevi. Metode: Raziskava je birking-ao la izvedena v Bolnišnici za ženske bolezni in porodništvo Postojna. Uporabljeni so bili zdravstveni podatki 200 porodov v obdobju od januarja 2011 do aprila he wf t 2012 leta. Porodi so razdeljeni v 2 skupine: 100 fizioloških porodov in 100 aktivno vodenih porodov. V obeh skupinah so bile prvorodnice stare od 20-35 ealth o leta, v terminu poroda (37-41 teden gestacije) z enim plodom v glavični vstavi. Nobena porodnica ni imela epiduralne analgezije kot oblike lajšanja porodne bolečine in nobena ni imela prisotne patologije. Rezultati: Raziskava je pokaza-pulacije | h la, da so fiziološki porodi krajši v povprečju eno uro, presredek je ostal ohran-o jen pri dvakrat večjem številu porodnic (n= 63) kot v primeru aktivno vodenega poroda. Večji delež (48%) epiziotomij je bil ugotovljen pri aktivno vodenih po-ktivne p rodih. Odstotek rupture I in ruptur II ni bil statistično pomemben. Operativno dokončanje poroda se je zgodilo samo pri aktivno vodenih porodov. Večina elovno a fizioloških porodov se je zgodila med 22h in 8h. Diskusija in zaključki: Rezultati kažejo v prid fiziološkega poroda. Slednji traja krajše, bolj pogosto se konča z obvarovanim presredkom, manj je epiziotomij, manj mekonijske (zelene) plo-zdravje d dovnice, manj je bilo novorojenčkov ocenjenih z nižjo oceno po Apgarjevi in nobeden fiziološki porod ni bil končan operativno. Ključne besede: fiziološki porod, aktivno voden porod, epiziotomija, carski rez, ruptura presredka Introduction: The aim of this retrospective research was to compare the outcomes of so cal ed physiological childbirth to those which were actively managed. The objective was to determine the approximate duration of both; to establish which of these two are leading to a natural vaginal childbirth and which will end with an episiotomy or with a rupture of the perineum; in which case the childbirth has ended with a Caesarean section and meconium amniotic fluid has appeared; whether occurrence of physiological childbirth is present more during the day or night shift and how does actively managed labour reflect in Apgar’s score. Methods: The research was carried out in the Hospital for women’s diseases and obstetrics Postojna. Medical records were col ected from 200 childbirths from the period of January 2011 until April 2012. The childbirths included were divided into two groups: a 100 physiological and a 100 which were actively managed. In both groups nul iparous women prevailed and the majority of them were aged 20 to 35 years; they were between the 37th and 41st week of gestation; with one foetus, positioned head first as their prominent feature; all women were without epidural anaesthesia and their pregnancy was not considered a pathological one. Results: The research results suggest that the physiological childbirth is in general shorter for an hour and that the perineum is left intact in twice as many cases (n=63) when comparing to an actively managed labour. A higher percentage (48%) of episiotomies was established in the case of actively managed labour; however the percentage of first and second degree perineum rupture wasn’t statistical y significant. Caesarean section was only present in actively managed labour. Most of physiological childbirths 77 took place during 10 p.m. and 8 a.m. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings of the research are in favour of physiological childbirth, since it has been estab-ežbo lished that they last less time, end with an intact perineum, there is less chance del u for an episiotomy and the development of meconium amniotic fluid, less new-dno borns with a lower Apgar score and less chance for a childbirth to be ended with a Caesarean section. naroed Key words: physiological childbirth, active labour management, episiotomy, m a z Caesarean section, rupture of the perineum encfer Kakovost spolnega življenja žensk po porodu z epiziotomijo on The quality of sexual life after experiencing the episiotomy birth kovna k Polona A. Mivšek, Petra Petročnik, Anita Jug Došler, Teja Škodič Zakšek tro University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana a in s polona.mivsek@zf.uni-lj.si nanstven Izhodišča: Epiziotomija je prerez presredka med porodom za povečanje porod-4. z nega izhoda. Dokazano je, da je interes žensk za spolni akt po porodu že tako manjši kot v času izpred nosečnosti ali med nosečnostjo. K temu doprinese-jo spremembe vezane na poporodno obdobje, v veliki meri pa na to vpliva tu-di morebitna poškodba mehke porodne poti. Namen je pregledati literaturo o tem kako poškodbe presredka vplivajo na pojav bolečega spolnega odnosa v puerperiju. Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna raziskovalna metoda pregleda domače in tuje literature, na znanstveni in strokovni ravni. Pregled literature je potekal v mesecu januarju 2017, s pomočjo mednarodnih podatkovnih baz. Ob tem so bile uporabljene iskalne fraze »episiotomy«, »sexuality« »postpartum« in »dispareunia«. Iskanje je bilo omejeno na slovenski in angleški jezik, ter na obdobje od vključno 2007 do 2017. Rezultati: Incidenca epiziotomije v Sloveniji je nižja od 30 %, vendar pa vari ra glede na posamezne porodnišnice. Prav epiziotomija je pogost razlog, da se ženske bojijo prvega spolnega odnosa, predvsem bolečine. Diskusija in zaključki: Dispareunija je dokazano pogostejša pri ženskah, ki rodijo z vaginalnim porodom, še posebej pa, če je pri njih med porodom prišlo do rupture presredka ali epiziotomije. Pri večini žensk se spolno življenje v 6-12 mesecih po porodu vrne v stanje izpred nosečnosti. Kakovost spolnega življenja je torej lahko okrnjena celo poporodno leto. Ključne besede: spolnost, puerperij, poškodbe presredka, genitalno pelvična bolečina Introduction: Episiotomy is a surgical cut of the perineum during childbirth to widen the pelvic outlet. The evidence shows women are less interested in-to sexual intercourse in the period after birth than they were before or during the pregnancy. This is the consequence of the changes in the postpartum period and often affected also by the perineal trauma. The purpose of literature review is to study the connection of perineal trauma on pain during sexual course in the postnatal period. Methods: Descriptive research method has been used, based on the review of relevant national and international literature 78 on the scientific and professional level. The review of the literature took place in the January 2017, with the help of international databases. Searching terms in-n cluded the fol owing key words: »episiotomy«, »sexuality«, »postpartum« and »dyspareunia«. The literature searching was limited on the Slovenian and Eng-pulatioo lish language and included the relevant papers published between 2007 and ge p 2017. Results: The incidence of episiotomy in Slovenia is lower than 30% and varies between individual birth hospitals. The first episiotomy is a frequent reason rking-a resulting in women’s fear of their first sexual intercourse, mostly the accom-o panied pain. Discussion and Conclusions: The research shows that dyspareunia he wf t is more common in women having a vaginal birth, especially if the woman sustained a perineal rupture or episiotomy. Women usual y return to their sexu-ealth o al life before the pregnancy after 6-12 months after birth. The quality of sexual life may be affected the whole year after childbirth. Key words: sexuality, postpartum period, perineal trauma, genital pelvic pain pulacije | ho Izkušnje žensk ob perinatalni izgubi otroka ktivne p Women‘s experiences with perinatal loss of a child Teja Novak1, Doroteja Rebec2 elovno a 1 Medical center in Vrhnika, Cesta 6. maja 11, 1360 Vrhnika 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola zdravje d teja.novak@zd-vrhnika.si Izhodišča: Perinatalna smrt otroka je izjemno občutljivo področje v življenju staršev in ena od najbolj bolečih izgub, ki jo starši lahko doživijo. Od zdravstvenih delavcev zahteva strokovno in sočutno obravnavo, ki bo na prizadete starše delovala blažilno in jim bo pomagala v procesu soočanja z izgubo otroka. Pomembno je, da znajo zdravstveni delavci prisluhniti prizadetim staršem, da so dovzetni za njihove potrebe in da ne postanejo neobčutljivi za njihovo žalost. Namen raziskave je bil dobiti vpogled v izkušnje žensk, ki so v slovenskih porodnišnicah doživele izgubo otroka v perinatalnem obdobju. Metode: Kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop je temeljil na spletnem anketiranju priročnega vzorca žensk (n = 114), ki so doživele izgubo otroka v perinatalnem obdobju. Žen- ske so bile za sodelovanje predhodno zaprošene preko spletnih forumov in skupin, kjer so tudi dobile povezavo na spletno anketo. Anketiranje je potekalo od januarja do junija 2015. Podatki so bili obdelani s pomočjo osnovne deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da si večina žensk, ki so v perinatalnem obdobju izgubile otroka, o svoji izkušnji želi govoriti. S strani zdravstvenih delavcev so bile povečini deležne empatične, spoštljive in spod-budne obravnave. Kljub temu, da so zdravstveni delavci dovzetni za potrebe in želje žensk ter spoštujejo njihova čustva, pa je njihovo profesionalno vedenje v čustveno zahtevnejših situacijah bolj zadržano, kar pa je v nasprotju z žel-jami in potrebami žensk. K temu včasih prispeva tudi način dela, ki dopušča oz. spodbuja bolj togo profesionalno vedenje. Diskusija in zaključki: Na področju perinatalne paliativne zdravstvene nege je pri zdravstvenih delavcih potrebno še izboljšati poznavanje potreb žalujočih staršev ter jih dodatno usposabljati za delo z žalujočimi starši. Potrebno pa je tudi odpraviti pomanjkljivosti v sistemu obravnave, da bi le-ta bil do žalujočih staršev bolj podporen. Ključne besede: perinatalna smrt, potrebe žalujočih mater, zdravstveni delavci, 79 podpora Introduction: Perinatal death is an extremely sensitive area in a parents‘ life since ežbo it is considered to be the most painful of losses. From health care profession-del als it requires expert and compassionate treatment that will help parents in the u process of coping with the loss of a child. Health care professionals should be dno able to listen and to be receptive to parents‘ needs and not become insensi-naro tive to their grief. The purpose of the research was to gain insight into the ex-ed m periences of women in Slovenian maternity hospitals who have experienced a z the loss of a child in the perinatal period. Methods: A quantitative research ap-enc proach was based on an online survey convenience sample of women (n = 114) feron who have experienced the loss of a child in the perinatal period. Women were previously requested to participate via online forums and groups where they also get a link to the online survey. The survey was conducted from January to kovna k June 2015. The data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics. Results: The tro results showed that the majority of women which have experienced perinatal a in s loss of a child, wants to talk about their experience. Health care professionals have been mostly empathic, respectful and supportive to them in the treat-nanstven ment. Despite the fact that health care professionals are sensitive to the needs 4. z and aspirations of women and respect their feelings, their professional behavior in emotional y demanding situations was more reserved, which is against the wishes and women‘s needs. This is sometimes due to the way of working, which al ows and encourages more rigid professional behavior. Discussion and Conclusions: In the area of perinatal pal iative care there is the need to further improve understanding of the needs of grieving parents among health care professionals and additional y trainings to work with bereaved parents. It is al-so necessary to overcome the shortcomings in the system of treatment to be more supportive to grieving parents. Key words: perinatal death, needs of grieving mothers, health care professionals, support Značilnosti izvajanja telesne aktivnosti med nosečnicami Characteristics of physical activity among pregnant women Andreja Rijavec1, David Ravnik2, Mirko Prosen2 1 Medical center in Nova Gorica 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenija andreja.rijavec@gmail.com Izhodišča: Zmerna telesna aktivnost naj bi bilav nosečnosti del vsakdanji-ka bodoče matere, če seveda le-ta nima zdravstvenih problemov oziroma kakršnih koli zapletov v zvezi z nosečnostjo. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti koliko in na kakšen način so nosečnice telesno aktivne in kakšna je povezanost izvajanja telesne aktivnosti v nosečnosti glede na njihove sociodemografskeznačilnosti. Metode: Uporabljena je bila neeksperimentalna empirična metoda. Uporabljen je bil delno strukturirani anketni vprašalnik na priložnostnem vzorcu nosečnic (n = 46), ki so se udeležile Tečaja predporodne priprave v decemb-ru 2015 in januarju 2016.Povprečna starost anketiranih je bila 29 let (s = 4,0). 80 Izmed vseh jih je največ (39,9 %) imelo zaključeno srednješolsko izobraževan-n je; živelo na podeželju (63 %); v povprečju so bile v 29. tednu gestacije (s = 6) in bile prvorodnice(84,8 %). Poleg osnovne deskriptivne statistike je bil upora-pulatio bljen tudi Pearsonov koeficient korelacije. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave kaže-o jo, da se nosečnice odločajo za izvajanje telesne aktivnosti med nosečnost-ge p jo, saj so seznanjene z njenimi pozitivnimi učinki na nosečnost, porodin vedo kdaj je telesna aktivnost med nosečnostjo odsvetovana. V povprečju se na-rking-ao mensko ukvarjajo s telesno aktivnostjo 4-krat tedensko; hoja je najpogostejša he w vrsta (54,5 %); le 19,6 % nosečnic se udeležuje organizirane telesne vadbe za f t nosečnice. Drugorodnice so v primerjavi s prvorodnicamibolj telesno dejavne (p = 0,543). Starost, izobrazba in kraj bivanja niso statistično pomembno pov-ealth o ezani z izvajanjem fizične aktivnosti (p > 0,05). Diskusija in zaključki: Eden izmed pomembnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na dober potek nosečnosti, poroda in na poporodno obdobje, je vsekakor telesna aktivnost nosečnice med nosečnost-pulacije | ho jo. Rezultati kažejo, da se nosečnice dobro zavedajo teh vplivov, vendar pa izvajanje telesne aktivnosti nivedno sorazmerno temu. Organizirana telesna vad-ktivne p ba, kjer je, je nezadostna za ustrezno pripravo na porod. Ključne besede: fizična aktivnost, nosečnost, zdravje, življenjski stil, fetus elovno a Introduction: Moderate physical activity should be a part of every day life during pregnancy of course if the woman does not have any health problems or zdravje d any complications relating to pregnancy. The aim of the research was to determine how and in which way pregnant women are physical active and if there is any correlation between physical activities during pregnancy regardless of their socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The nonexperimental empirical method was used. Semi-structured questionnaire was applied on convenience sample of pregnant women (n = 46) who had been attending prenatal education courses in December 2015 and January 2016. The average age of the respondents was 29 years (s = 4.0). The majority of them (39.9%) had completed an upper secondary education; lived in rural areas (63%); were in 29th week of gestation (s = 6) and were primiparous (84.8%). In addition to the basic descriptive statistics Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Results: The results suggest that pregnant women are trying to be physical active during pregnancy, because they are aware of its positive effects on pregnancy, childbirth and know the reasons when physical activity is contraindicated. The majority of them are engaged in physical activity four times per week; walking is the most common type (54.5%); only 19.6% of pregnant women attend organized physical exercises for pregnant women. Multiparous women compared with primiparous women are more physical y active (p = 0.543). Age, level of education and place of residence are not statistical y significantly associated with the implementation of physical activity in everyday life (p> 0.05). Discussion and Conclusions: One of the most important factors that contribute to a healthy pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period is physical activity during pregnancy. The results suggest that pregnant women are well aware of these effects, but the implementation of physical activity is not always proportional to this. Organized physical exercises, where established, are insufficient for adequate preparation for childbirth. Key words: physical activity, pregnancy, health, lifestyle, foetus 81 Vpliv izmenskega dela na srčno žilna obolenja ežbo pri medicinskih sestrah del The impact of shift work on cardiovascular diseases among nurses u dno Tanja Ritonja, Dragana Pejnović, Lucija Roblek, Andrej Starc University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, naroed Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana m tanjaritonja@gmail.com, pejnovic.dragana@gmail.com, lucija.roblek@gmail.com, a z andrej.starc@zf.uni-lj.si encferon Izmensko delo je delo, ki je časovno stalno ali pogosto razporejeno zunaj stand-ardnega delovnega časa. Vpliva na večino telesnih funkcij, ki so sinhronizirane s kovna k 24-urnim cirkadianim ritmom. Najbolj izrazit je vpliv na spanje, na avtonomne tro vegetativne procese in na sposobnost za delo. Medicinske sestre za zagotavljanje kakovostne in neprekinjene zdravstvene nege delajo v okviru tega fl-a in s eksibilnega delovnega časa, ki še vedno ostajajo nujna oblika njihovega dela. Številne raziskave kažejo, da se pri medicinskih sestrah s starostjo in z leti dela nanstven v izmenah poveča nagnjenost k notranji neusklajenosti in zmanjšani toleranci 4. z do izmenskega dela. To se kaže v pojavljanju zdravstvenih težav zaradi izmenskega dela. Nevrovegetativne reakcije kot odgovor na porušenje cirkadianih rit-mov vodijo do povečanih hormonskih reakcij, ki skupaj še z drugimi dejavniki tveganja vodijo do večjega tveganja za razvoj bolezni srca in ožilja. S pregledom slovenske in tuje znanstvene ter strokovne literature so bili identificirani dokazi, ki podpirajo teorijo o vplivu izmenskega dela na pojavnost srčno-žilnih bolezni pri medicinskih sestrah. Kaže se potreba po nujnih rešitvah, saj se soočamo s potrebami po opredelitvi dodatnih strategij, ki bodo zmanjšale pojavnost srčno-žilnih bolezni pri medicinskih sestrah in s tem negativne posledice v zdravstvenih ustanovah in v okviru splošne javne politike. Ključne besede: medicinska sestra, izmensko delo, cirkadiani ritem, srčno žilne bolezni. Shift work is defined as the work, which is time-permanently or frequently disposed outside the standard operating time. It affects the majority of bodily functions which are synchronized with the 24-hour circadian rhythm. The most pronounced impact on sleep, on an autonomous vegetative processes and the ability to work. Nurses in order to ensure quality and continuous care work within these flexible working time, which still remains a necessary form of their work. Numerous studies have shown that age and the years of doing shift work among nurses increases susceptibility to internal desinhronisation and thus to a reduced tolerance for shift work, which is manifested by the appearance of health problems associated with shift work. Neurovegetative reactions in response to the col apse of the circadian rhythm, leading to increased hormonal reactions, which together with other risk factors lead to an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. A review of Slovenian and foreign scientific and professional literature identified the existence of evidence supporting the theory of the impact of shift work on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in nurses. There is a need for urgent solutions, because we are facing with need 82 to define additional strategies that wil reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in nurses and the negative consequences in health care facilities and in n the context of the general public policy.. pulatio Key words: nurse, shift work, circadian rhythm, cardiovascular disease. o ge p Kakovost življenja žensk v času žalovanja rking-a po perinatalni smrti otroka o Womans' quality of life during the grief process he w after perinatal death f t Tjaša Šapla Troha, Maša Černelič Bizjak ealth o University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola tjasa.troha90@gmail.com pulacije | h Izhodišča: Okoli petina nosečnosti po vsem svetu se konča s spontanim spla-o vom, izvenmaternično nosečnostjo ali mrtvorojenostjo. Ženske pogosto svojih čustev ob teh dogodkih ne kažejo, jih potlačijo, ne govorijo o izgubi, niti pros-ktivne p ijo za pomoč. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti fizične in duševne vidike zdravja žensk po izgubi otroka in posledice nerazrešenega žalovanja. Metode: V ra-elovno a ziskavi je sodelovalo 108 žensk, ki so doživele perinatalno izgubo. Uporabljen je bil Münchenski vprašalnik žalovanja ter vprašalnik o drugih demografskih podatkih vključenih žensk. Rezultati: Statistično pomembne razlike v doživljanju zdravje d žalosti so se pokazale glede na gestacijsko starost otroka (p < 0,01), starost matere (p < 0,05) ter časom, ki je minil od otrokove smrti (p < 0,01). V kliničnem okolju so ženske presojale obravnavo zdravstvenih delavcev, v domačem okolju pa so prejele več razumevanja in sočutne obravnave. Raziskava je bila podla-ga za izdelavo protokola z navodili za ravnanje ob mrtvorojenosti, s poudarkom na duševnem počutju matere. Diskusija in zaključki: Zelo pomembna je strokovna usposobljenost zdravstvenih delavcev, ki imajo prvi stik s pretreseno mater-jo in hkrati velik vpliv, da preprečijo patološke procese žalovanja. Na podlagi skrbnega načrtovanja zdravstvene nege in s pomočjo protokola, medicinska sestra dobi vpogled v problematiko žalovanja, obenem pa ima orodje, ki jo usmerja pri postopkih in aktivnostih. Ključne besede: žalovanje, mrtvorojenost, perinatalna smrt, kakovost življenja Introduction: Around a fifth of pregnancies worldwide ends in miscarriage, ec-topic pregnancy or stil birth. Women often do not show their feelings after these events, they suppress them or do not talk about this lost. Unresolved grief can affect many aspects of women physical and mental health in all stages of life. Methods: The study included 108 women who had experienced perinatal loss. All of them completed the Munich Grief Scale questionnaire and a questionnaire on demographic data. Results: Statistically significant differences in the experience of grief were associated with gestational age of the child (p < 0.01), the age of the mother (p < 0.05) and the time that has elapsed since the child’s death (p< 0.01). In the clinical setting women judged dealing of health workers, and reported more understanding and compassionate treatment at home. The research was the basis for developing protocols with instructions for handling a situation of stil birth, focusing on mental wel -being of the mother. Discus-83 sion and Conclusions: The qualification of health professionals is very important. They have first contact with the mother and at the same time influence to pre-ežbo vent the pathological processes of bereavement. Based on careful planning of del health care and by using the protocol, nurse can gain an insight into the process u of bereavement, and also has a tool that focuses on procedures and activities. dno Key words: grief, stil birth, perinatal death, quality of life naroed m a z encferon kovna k tro a in s nanstven 4. z Sekcija/Section Problemi in izzivi v prehrani delovno aktivne populacije Problems and Challenges in the Nutrition of the Working-Age Population Vabljeno predavanje Invited lecture Zdrava izbira = Lahka izbira Healthy choice = an easy choise Urška Blaznik National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana urska.blaznik@nijz.si Prehrana aktivne populacije v Sloveniji v povprečju še vedno vsebuje preveč so-li, preveč nasičenih in premalo kakovostnih maščob, preveč dodanih enostavnih sladkorjev. Ta hranila v največji meri zaužijemo s predelanimi živili, ki imajo praviloma visoko energijsko vrednost. Raziskave kažejo, da uživamo premalo zelenjave, sadja, polnovrednih žit, stročnic ter rib. Z določenimi vzorci prehranjevanja smo lahko nepotrebno izpostavljeni škodljivim trans maščobam. Da bi usmerili prehrano vseh prebivalcev Slovenije k bolj zdravim izbiram, se mo-86 ra povečati ponudba zdravju bolj koristnih živil, ki bodo hkrati lahko dostopn na. V preglednem prispevku obravnavamo celostni pristop za dosego ciljev na področju preoblikovanja živil v Sloveniji, ki vključuje: (1) dvig razpoložljivosti in pulatioo dostopnosti hrane s sestavo, ki je koristna za zdravje in, kjer je to primerno, ge p z zmanjšanimi porcijami, (2) večjo ozaveščenost prebivalcev Slovenije o hra-nilni sestavi preoblikovanih živil ter o pomenu spremembe sestave živil za nji-rking-a hovo zdravje, (3) oblikovanje okolij, ki podpirajo in spodbujajo zdrave vzorce o prehranjevanja, še posebej za delovno aktivno populacijo ter (4) spremljanje in he w vrednotenje dosežkov oblikovanega programa. Ugotovitve bodo pomembne f t za odločne ukrepe za izboljšanje prehrane aktivne populacije in s tem za zmanjšanje bremena kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni v prihodnosti. ealth o Ključne besede: reformulacija, preoblikovanje živil, sestava živil, zdrava prehrana, aktivna populacija pulacije | ho A diet of the active population in Slovenia still contains too much salt, saturat-ed fats and added sugars, mostly consumed with the products of a high-ener-ktivne p gy value. Research shows that at the same time we do not eat enough vegetables, fruits, whole grain cereals, legumes and fish. With certain eating patterns, elovno a we may be unnecessarily exposed to harmful trans-fats. To guide the diet of all population groups in Slovenia toward healthier choices, the availability of healthier foods should increase altogether with their accessibility. It is impor-zdravje d tant to make the healthy choice an easy choice. In this review, we discuss an integrated approach to achieve the objectives of food reformulation in Slovenia, which includes: (1) increase of the availability and accessibility of reformulated healthier food products, and, where appropriate, with reduced portions (2) public awareness of the nutritional changes in reformulated foods and the importance of those changes for health, (3) the creation of environments that support and promote healthy eating patterns, especial y of the active population, and (4) monitoring and evaluating the achievements of the program. The findings will be important for decisive actions to improve the nutrition of the active population and thereby to reduce the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in the future. Key words: reformulation, food improvement, food composition, healthy diet, active population Vpliv mediteranske prehrane na mikrobiom in zdravje človeka The influence of Mediterranean diet on human microbiome in health and disease Katja Bezek, Darja Barlič – Maganja University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola katja.bezek@fvz.upr.si Prehranski vzorec mediteranskega območja vključuje velike količine zelenjave in sadja, stročnic in polnozrnatih izdelkov v kombinaciji z zmerno količi-no rdečega vina ter oljčnega olja kot glavnega vira prehranskih maščob. Mediteranska prehrana ima dokazano zaščitno vlogo pri razvoju bolezni srca in ožilja, sladkorni bolezni, debelosti, kroničnih degenerativnih boleznih, osteoporozi in rakavih obolenjih. Do nedavnega so ta učinek pripisovali predvsem visoki vse-87 bnosti antioksidantov in polifenolov, vendar je vse večja pozornost usmerjena k vplivu prehranskih vzorcev na sestavo in aktivnost mikrobioma prebavil. Gre ežbo za dinamično in raznovrstno združbo mikroorganizmov, ki pa se tekom člove-del kovega življenja stalno spreminja in odziva na dejavnike, kot so prehrana, stres, u okužbe ali farmakološka sredstva. Sestavo mikrobioma v prebavilih oblikujejo dno gostiteljevi dejavniki kot so genetika in prehrana, kar posledično vpliva na gos-naro titelja ter njegovo zdravstveno stanje in počutje. Slednje je ključnega pomena ed m pri ljudeh vseh starostnih skupin, posebno pa pri delovno aktivni populaciji, saj a z je ta še dodatno izpostavljena stresnim dejavnikom delovnega okolja. Na osno-enc vi obstoječih kliničnih raziskav lahko zaključimo, da lahko mikrobiom prebavil fer izboljša psihofizično zdravje delovne populacije, na kar lahko ugodno vplivamo on predvsem s prehrano. Aktivno osveščanje posameznikov o vplivu mediteranske prehrane na razvoj koristne mikrobne združbe in uvedba prehranjevalnih kovna k smernic na delovnem mestu bi lahko izboljšalo delovno učinkovitost in zman-tro jšalo stopnjo tveganja za razvoj z delom povezanih bolezenskih stanj. a in s Ključne besede: mikrobiom, mediteranska prehrana, zdravje delovno aktivne populacije nanstven The Mediterranean dietary pattern consists of a high variety of vegetables and 4. z fruits, legumes and whole grains combined with a moderate amount of red wine and olive oil as a source of dietary lipids. The protective role of Mediterranean diet has been shown in the case of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, chronic degenerative diseases, osteoporosis and cancer. Until recently, the effect was mainly attributed to the high content of antioxidants and poly-phenols, but there is a growing interest in the impact of dietary patterns on the structure and activity of the gut microbiome. This dynamic and diverse community of microorganisms is constantly changing throughout the host’s lifetime in response of factors such as diet, stress, infection, or pharmacological agents. The col ective genomes of these co-existing microorganisms have been shaped by host factors such as genetics and nutrients and are in turn able to influence host biology in health and disease. On the basis of existing clinical trials, dietary intake is a key determinant of microbiome composition and can therefore signif- icantly influence the psychological and physical condition of working-age population. An active awareness of individuals about the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the beneficial microbial communities and the implementation of dietary guidelines in the workplace, could favorable influence the work productivity and lower the risk of work-related diseases. Key words: Mediterranean diet, intestinal microbiome, health of working-age population Obiskovanje prehranskih svetovanj delovno aktivnih oseb Attending nutrition counselling of the working-age subjects Melina Colsani, Maša Černelič Bizjak University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola colsanimelina@gmail.com, masa.cernelic@upr.si Izhodišča: Zdravstveno stanje in prisotnost težav so lahko eden izmed razlogov 88 odločitve obiska prehranskega svetovanja. Na podlagi podatkov, ki smo jih pridobili v posvetovalnici dietetika, za obdobje od leta 2009 do 2015, smo ana-n lizirali značilnosti oseb, ki se odločijo za prehransko svetovanje. V analizo so bi-li zajeti podatki o zdravstvenem stanju, antropometričnih značilnostih in drugih pulatioo fizičnih in psiholoških težavah. Metode: Analizirali smo podatke o 863 delovno ge p aktivnih osebah (198 moških, 665 žensk, povprečna starost 42 let), ki so v obdobju od leta 2009 do 2015 obiskovali posvetovalnico prehranskega svetoval-rking-ao ca. Meritve telesne sestave so bile zbrane longitudinalno, za vsako osebo in za vsako nadaljnje prehransko svetovanje posebej. Rezultati: Udeleženci preh-he wf t ranskih svetovanj so bili v povprečju zdravi, stari 45 let. Le tretjina jih je imela ITM, ki spada v skupino debelosti. Prehranskih svetovanj se številčno manj ealth o poslužujejo moški. Ženske so tiste, ki najbolj vztrajajo pri obiskih in so prisotne na večih svetovanjih. Diskusija in zaključki: Začetno zdravstveno stanje ne nudi napovedi o izpeljavi prehranske intervencije, kot tudi ne napoved števila pulacije | h svetovanj. Z analizo podatkov smo pridobili pomembne informacije o značil-o nostih delovno aktivnih oseb, ki obiskujejo prehranska svetovanja in boljše razumevanje tistih dejavnikov, ki bi lahko imeli večji vpliv na uspeh ali verjetnost ktivne p uspešnega izida prehranskih svetovanj v bodoče. Ključne besede: prehranska svetovanja, uspešnost prehranskega svetovanja, elovno a indeks telesne mase, starost, zdravje Introduction: Health status and presence of health problems can be the prima-zdravje d ry reasons for the nutritional-counsel ing visits. Based on the information we have gained from the counsel ing dietitian, between 2009 and 2015, we have analysed the characteristics of subjects who attended the nutritional counselling. The analysis covered data on health status, anthropometric characteristics and other physical and psychological problems. Methods: We have analysed data on 863 working-age population (198 men, 665 women, average age 42 years), who visited a nutritional dietitian between 2009 and 2015. Measurements of body composition were collected longitudinally, for each person and for each subsequent nutritional counsel ing separately. Results: Most of the participants were healthy, and average age was 45 years. Only a third of them had a BMI belonging to the group of obesity and even 70 % of the participants be- long within normal weight body mass index classifications. Dietary counsel ing is numerical y less attended by men’s. Women are those who have most visits and are present in several advices. Discussion and conclusions: Initial state of health does not provide information on the nutritional interventions, as well as not forecast the number of consultations. By analysing the data, we have obtained important information on the characteristics of persons attending nutrition counsel ing and a better understanding of those factors which could have a major impact on the success or likelihood of a successful outcome of nutritional counsel ing in the future. Key words: nutritional counsel ing, successful outcome, body mass index, age, health Ketogena dieta in vpliv na mentalne procese delovne populacije Ketogenic diet and its impact on mental processes of working population Gašper Grom 89 Maksimum d.o.o., Parmova 51, 1000 Ljubljana gaspergrom@yahoo.com ežbo del u Raziskovanje prehrane z malo ogljikovimi hidrati in veliko maščobami v zadnjih dveh desetletjih prinaša paradigmatski premik v nutricionistiki pa tudi dno medicini. Z opazovalnimi študijami in kliničnimi eksperimenti je dokazano, da naroed t. i. ketogeno dieta lahko učinkovito uporabimo pri različnih boleznih in sin-m dromih (epilepsija, Alzheimerjeva bolezen, nekatere oblike možganskih tumor-a z jev – predvsem multiformnega glioblastoma; sladkorna bolezen, predvsem ti-enc pa 2; presnovni sindrom, vključno s čezmerno telesno maso). Manj je raziskav feron ketogene diete v smislu vpliva na zdrave ljudi, torej odgovorov na vprašanje, kakšne so prednosti visokomaščobne prehrane za sicer zdrave ljudi, če odmis-kovna k limo morebitne preventivne učinke. S pregledom znanstvene literature in sinte-tro zo dosedanjih spoznanj o mehanizmih in vplivih ketogene diete na možgane kot sedeža mentalnih procesov bomo skušali podati smiselne iztočnice za razmisl-a in s ek o uporabi visokomaščobne diete kot metode zagotavljanja boljšega spomina, izboljšane kognitivne funkcije in delovne učinkovitosti pri delovno aktivni nanstven populaciji. 4. z Ključne besede: ketogena dieta, nizek vnos ogljikovih hidratov, kognitivna fukncija, oblikovanje spominov, nevroprotektičen učinek Low carbohydrate and high fat nutrition research has brought a sense of para-digmatic shift in nutritional science and in medicine over the past two decades. Observational studies and clinical experiments have shown the efficiency of the ketogenic diet in series of diseases and syndromes (epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, some brain tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme; diabetes, especial y type 2; metabolic syndrome, including obesity). There is however less of research effort put into recognition of the benefits a ketogenic diet for healthy people, other than preventive character of the diet. In this review we synthe-size current data and knowledge about mechanisms of the ketogenic diet and its influence on the brain as the centre of the mental processes and in turn try to outline the starting points of thinking and researching the ketogenic diet as a metabolic approach to improving memory creation, cognitive function and mental work efficiency with the working-age population. Key words: ketogenic diet, low carbohydrate, cognitive function, memory creation, neuroprotective effect Razširjenost tihe miokardne ishemije pri delovno aktivnih bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2. Prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia in working-age patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alexander Kiško1, Marika Vereb2, Marian Babčák1, Lubica Derňarová1, Jan Kmec1, Jozef Leško3, František Neméth1, Maria Marcinková4, Zuzana Farkašová1 1 University in Prešov, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov, Slovak Republic 2 Klinikum Kassel, Nuclear medicine, Kassel, Germany 3 VIVAMED ltd, Nuclear Medicine, Prešov, Slovak Republic 4 Sekčov Polyclinic, Prešov, Slovak Republic 90 Izhodišča: Nekateri podatki potrjujejo relativno visoko razširjenost tihe miok-n ardne ishemije (TMI) pri starejših bolnikih (starih več kot 60 let) s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2 (T2DM), medtem ko je podatkov za delovno aktivno populaci-pulatioo jo (starih ≤ 60) zelo malo. Metoda: Retrospektivno smo analizirali zdravstvene ge p kartone 192 pacientov s T2DM, starih ≤60 let (od tega 110 moških, torej 57,3%), ki so prestali perfuzijsko scintigrafijo miokarda (PSM) pri maksimalni obremen-rking-ao itvi med letom 2010 in letom 2014. PSM je bila izvedena v skladu s smernicami EANM z enodnevnim protokolom obremenitve in mirovanja z EKG vodeno he wf t preiskavo SPECT in uporabo 99mTc-tetrofosmina. Perfuzijske slike sta neodvisno ocenila dva strokovnjaka. Pacienti z nenormalno PSM so opravili še koro-ealth o narno angiografijo in pomembnejša zožitev je bila definirana kot ≥ 50% za LAD in 75% za druge koronarne arterije. Diskusija in zaključki: PSM je bila pozitivna pri 35 pacientih (18,2%); od teh je imelo 31 (16,1%) angiografsko potrjeno kor-pulacije | h onarno zožitev. Pozitivna napovedna vrednost PSM pri napovedi angiografske o koronarne zožitve v tej starostni podskupini je bila 88,9%. Univariatna analiza je pokazala, da sta post-stresni padec iztisnega deleža levega prekata (LVEF) ≥ ktivne p 5% (p = 0,003) in koncentracija NT-proBNP detektirana pri obremenitvi (p = 0,005), povezani z večjim tveganjem za ishemijo pri delovno aktivnih populaci-elovno a ji s T2DM. V multivariantni analizi je padec LVEF ≥ 5% (p = 0,003) ostal neod-visen napovednik TMI. Razširjenost TMI je bila pri delovno aktivni populaciji s T2DM podobna kot pri starejših od 65 let, kot navajajo študije. Informacije zdravje d o post-stresnemu padcu LVEF in zaznani koncentraciji NT-proBNP pri stresu, lahko poleg že znanih dejavnikov tveganja, prispevajo k bolj natančni opredelitvi TMI pri določeni starostni podskupini. Naši podatki kažejo, da bi mora-li napredne intervencijske postopke, tudi intenzivno upravljanje z zdravili, vključevati pri zmanjšanju tveganja za razvoj srčnih dogodkov pri delovno aktivnih pacientih s T2DM, ki so bili pozitivni za TMI. Ključne besede: scintigrafija, tiha ishemija, sladkorna bolezen Introduction: Some data confirm a relatively high prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in elderly (aged over 60 years) patients (pts) with type 2 diabetes mel itus (T2DM), while no data are available in working-age subjects of middle-aged (≤60 years) subgroup of the diabetic population. Methods: Medical records of 192 pts with T2DM aged ≤60 years (110 male pts; 57.3%) who had undergone MPI with a maximal exercise stress testing between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively analysed. MPI was performed according to the EANM procedural guidelines for stress-rest ECG gated SPECT one-day protocol using 99mTc-tetrofosmin. Perfusion images were judged by two specialists independently, and SMI was diagnosed as myocardial perfusion abnormalities without associated symptoms. Pts with abnormal MPI underwent coronary angiography, and significant stenosis was defined as ≥50% for LAD, and ≥75% for other coronary arteries. Discussion and conclusions: MPI was positive in 35 pts (18.2%); of those 31 (16.1%) had angiographical y confirmed coronary stenosis. The positive predictive value of the MPI for predicting angiographic coronary stenosis in this age subgroup was 88.9%. Univariate analysis revealed post-stress LVEF drop ≥5% (p = .003) and NT-proBNP levels detected in stress (p = .005) to be associated with greater risk of ischemia in working-age T2DM pts. In multivariate analysis LVEF drop ≥5% (p = .003) remained an independent predictor of SMI. Prevalence of SMI in diabetic working-age pts was almost 91 similar to that observed in studies of subjects over 65 years-old. Information about post-stress LVEF drop and NT-proBNP level detected in stress, in addi-ežbo tion to the conventional risk factors, can contribute to more precise identifi-del u cation of SMI in this specific age subgroup of the pts. Our data suggest that ad-dno vanced intervention procedures including intensive drug management should be implemented to reduce the risk of cardiac events for SMI-positive T2DM pts naroed of working-age. m a z Key words: scintigraphy, silent ischemia, diabetes mel itus encfer Prehranske beljakovine in vnetje pri suhih in pretežkih odraslih on Dietary protein and inflammation in lean and overweight adults kovna k Nina Mohorko, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar tro University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola nina.mohorko@fvz.upr.si, ana.petelin@fvz.upr.si, zala.praznikar@fvz.upr.si a in s Izhodišča: Debelost in z njo povezani zapleti lahko pomembno vplivajo na nanstven delavno sposobnost delavno aktivne populacije. Kronično vnetje, ki se stopn-4. z juje s stopnjevanjem debelosti in neaktivnosti ter kopičenjem komponent pres-novnega sindroma, je dejavnik tveganja za kronične neprenosljive bolezni, pa tudi za slabšo kognitivno funkcijo. O vplivu vnosa beljakovin na vnetje in inzu-linsko rezistenco prihaja v literaturi do razhajanj, zato je avtorje zanimala povezava med vnosom beljakovin in vnetjem pri delovno aktivnih odraslih. Metode: 96 odraslih so avtorji razdelili v tri skupine glede na prisotne komponente pres-novnega sindroma (PS): PS0, brez komponent PS, PS1, z eno komponento PS, in PS2, z dvema komponentoma PS ali več. S Spearmanovo korelacijo so iskali povezave med vnosom virov beljakovin in vnetnim markerjem reaktivnim pro-teinom C (CRP) znotraj skupin. Rezultati: Vnos mleka in mlečnih izdelkov je negativno koreliral s koncentracijo CRP pri PS0, medtem ko korelacije med ml-ekom in mlečnimi izdelki in CRP pri PS2 niso bile statistično značilne. Po drugi strani je vnos mesa in zamenjav pozitivno koreliral s koncentracijo CRP PS2, medtem ko pri PS 0 ni bilo statistično značilnih korelacij med vnosom mesa in zamenjav in CRP. Diskusija in zaključki: Povezava med viri beljakovin in vnetjem se med suhimi in pretežkimi odraslimi s prisotnima vsaj dvema komponentama PS razlikuje, kar je potrebno upoštevati pri prehranskem svetovanju. Ključne besede: kronično vnetje, beljakovine, presnovni sindrom Introduction: Obesity and its complications can importantly affect the working ability of working-age population. Low-grade chronic inflammation, that increases with the escalation of obesity and inactivity, and the accumulation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) components, is a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, as well as for reduced cognitive function. There are con-flicting reports on impact of protein intake on inflammation and insulin resistance in the literature, so the authors were interested in the relationship between the intake of proteins and inflammation in the working-age adults. Methods: 96 adults were divided in three groups according to number of MetS components present: PS0, no MetS component, PS1, one MetS component 92 and PS2, two or more MetS components present. Spearman correlation was used to assess the associations between protein source intake and the inflam-n mation marker C-reactive protein within the groups. Results: Milk and dairy intake negatively correlated with CRP in PS0, ehile there were no correlations pulatioo between milk and dairy intake and CRP in PS2. On the other hand, meat and ge p substitutes positively correlated with CRP in PS2, while there were no correlations between meat and substitutes and CRP in PS0. Discussion and Conclusions: rking-a The associations between protein sources and inflammation differ in lean and o overweigth with at least two MetS components present, which should be con-he wf t siedred in dietary counseling. Key words: chronic inflammation, protein, metabolic syndrom ealth o Ocena prehranskih navad rekreativnih športnikov Severne Primorske pulacije | ho Assessment of eating habits of recreational athletes from the slovenian northern coastal region ktivne p Jerca Poznič, Boštjan Žvanut, Tamara Poklar Vatovec University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola elovno a Izhodišča: Prehrana in telesna dejavnost, ki ugodno vplivata na zdravje in zmanjšujeta breme debelosti, sta že vrsto let visoko na lestvici prednostnih tem zdravje d Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) in EU. Uravnotežena in varoval- na prehrana pomenita pravilno pripravljene in sestavljene obroke hrane ter pravilen režim prehranjevanja, kar predstavlja tisti del zdravega načina življenja, ki človeka krepi, vpliva na visoko delovno storilnost in preprečuje obolenjaŽeleli smo preučiti prehranske navade rekreativnih športnikov severne Primorske ter pridobiti vpogled v morebitne pomanjkljivosti v prehrani navedene populacije in podati predloge za izboljšanje stanja. Namen raziskave je ocena prehranskih navad rekreativnih športnikov severne Primorske. Metode Raziskava je bila opravljena na vzorcu 38 posameznikov, katerih prehranske navade smo ocenjevali s pomočjo vprašalnika o pogostosti uživanja živil ter tedenski telesni dejavnosti in analizirali s pomočjo spletnega orodja OPKP. Vsi anketiranci so za- dostno gibalno športno aktivni, v povprečju 1,07 ur dnevno, večina pa je gibalno športno aktivnih 6 – 10 ur tedensko. Ocenjevali smo energijski vnos, vnos prehranskih vlaknin, antioksidantov in razmerje omega-6 in omega-3-maščobnih kislin. Rezultati Ugotavljamo, da je povprečni dnevni energijski vnos med anketiranci previsok, povprečni vnos prehranskih vlaknin, antioksidantov in omega-3-MK pa nezadosten. Anketiranci v splošnem zaužijejo premalo z vlakninami bogatih škrobnih živil ter zelenjave, premalo rib in z omega-3-MK obogatenih živil. Uživajo zadosti sadja, pustih beljakovinskih živil, kakovostnih maščobnih živil ter zmerne količine sladic. Diskusija in zaključki Prehrana rekreativnih športnikov severne Primorske se v preučevanih parametrih ne sklada s priporočili. Glede na rezultate raziskave je kritičen predvsem pomanjkljiv vnos zelenjave ter posledično prehranskih vlaknin in nezadostna količina rib ter s tem neustrezno razmerje med maščobnimi kislinami. Ugotovili smo, da se precejšen delež rekreativnih športnikov poslužuje prehranskih dopolnil, zato lahko sklepamo, da se zavedajo pomena zdrave in uravnotežene prehrane, po- trebujejo pa natančnejše usmeritve glede potrebnih količin posameznih hranil. 93 Ključne besede: prehranske navade, rekreativni športniki, prehrana odraslih, prehranska priporočila. ežbo Background Nutrition and physical activity, which both affect our health and redel duce the burden of obesity are already one of the highest priority themes of u the World Health Organization (WHO) and the EU. A balanced and healthy dno diet means properly prepared and assembled meals, a balanced intake of al naro necessary nutrients and adequate energy value of food. The objective was to ed m examine the eating habits of recreational athletes of northern Primorska re-a z gion and gain insight into potential weaknesses of the diet of the population enc and also to suggest improvements of the situation. The purpose of the work feron is the evaluation of dietary habits of recreational athletes from northern Primorska region. Methods The survey was conducted on a sample of 38 individuals whose dietary habits were evaluated using a questionnaire on the frequen-kovna k cy of food consumption and weekly phisical activity and analyzed using online tro tool OPKP. All respondents are phisical y active, on average 1,07 hours daily, a in s most of them are active 6 – 10 hours in a week. We evaluated energy intake, intake of dietary fiber, antioxidants, and the ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 fat-nanstven ty acids. Results We find that the average daily energy intake among our popu-4. z laton is too high and the average intake of fiber, antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids is insufficient. Respondents general y consume too few fiber-rich starchy foods and vegetables, too few fish and omega-3 fortified foods such as fortified milk, cheese and eggs. Respondents enjoy enough fruit, lean protein foods, high quality, fatty foods, and moderate amounts of sweets. Discussion and conclusion Diet of the amateur athletes of northern Primorska region in the studied parameters does not comply with the recommendations. According to the survey results the intake of vegetable is inadequate, and therefore there is also insufficient intake of dietary fiber. Because of the lack of fish in the diet of the population the amount of omega 3 fatty acid and ratio between fatty acids is inadequate. We have found that a significant proportion of amateur athletes are using dietary supplements, so we can assume that they are aware of the impor- tance of healthy and balanced diet, but need more detailed guidelines on the required quantities of individual nutrients. Key words: eating habits, recreational athletes, adult nutrition, nutrient recommendations. Telesni sestav zaposlenih v bolnišnici Body composition among hospital employees Irena Sedej, Katja Rožman, Matej Furlan General Hospital Novo mesto, Šmihelska cesta 1, 8000 Novo mesto irena.sedej@guest.arnes.si, katja.rozca@gmail.com, mars263si@gmail.com Izhodišča: Zaposleni v zdravstvu so zgled prebivalcem v skrbi za lastno zdravje. Namen raziskave je predstaviti stopnjo telesne dejavnosti in pojavnost debelosti med zaposlenimi v Splošni bolnišnici Novo mesto. Meritve sestave telesa smo z bioelektrično impedanco izvedli v okviru internega izobraževanja 94 Ohranimo zdravje II. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 84 zaposlenih, starih od 24 do 57 let. Rezultate smo primerjali s priporočili Svetovne zdravstvene or-n ganizacije, z literarnimi podatki in nacionalnimi podatki o zdravju prebivalcev Slovenije. pulatioo Rezultati: Izsledki meritev kažejo, da ima 88 % zaposlenih presežek mase ge p maščobnega tkiva, v povprečju 11,8 ± 8,3 kg nad zgornjo priporočeno vrednostjo. Glede na indeks telesne mase (ITM) ima 37 % prekomerno telesno težo, 30 rking-ao % je debelih. Pusta telesna mase je v referenčnih mejah pri 93 % merjenih. 72 % he w zaposlenih samoocenjuje svojo telesno dejavnost kot nizko ali srednjo. Diskusija f t in zaključki: Obseg čezmerne hranjenosti in debelosti glede na ITM med zaposlenimi je višji od slovenskega povprečja in primerljiv z zaposlenimi v zdravstvu ealth o v tujini. Rezultati meritev podpirajo pomen internih izobraževanj za ohranitev zdravja med zaposlenimi in potrebo po aktivnejšem ukrepanju. Pomembno je vzpostaviti ugodnejše delavno okolje, ki spodbuja in podpira zdrave izbire živl-pulacije | ho jenjskega sloga na področju prehrane, telesne dejavnosti in pogojev dela. Ključne besede: telesni sestav, telesna dejavnost, debelost, zaposleni, ktivne p bolnišnica Introduction: The role of health professionals as behaviour models for healthy elovno a lifestyle is important to patients, families and the community. The purpose of this study was to present physical activity profile and obesity prevalence among zdravje d General hospital Novo mesto employees. Body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis as part of a worksite educational program Ohranimo zdravje II. Methods: 84 employees of diverse occupations participated. The age range was from 24 to 57 years. Col ected results were compared with da-ta from World health organization, other related studies and national public health statistics. Results: The results indicate that 88 % of participants have excess of adipose tissue in an average of 11,8 ± 8,3 kg above the maximum recommended value. With respect to body mass index, 37 % were classified as overweight and 30 % as obese. Lean body mass is in the reference limits among 93 % of participants. 72 % of participants report their physical activity is low to moderate. Discussion and conclusions: Participants in this study had a rate of over- weight and obesity that is higher than that of the general Slovenian population and similar to the health professionals abroad. This highlights the importance of worksite educational programs to promote healthy behaviours that prevent weight gain. There is a need to provide a supportive working environment that encourages and supports healthy habits. Key words: body composition, physical activity, obesity, employees, general hospital 95 ežbo del u dno naroed m a z encferon kovna k tro a in s nanstven 4. z Sekcija/Section Telesna (ne)aktivnost in njen pomen za mišično-skeletno in kardio-metabolno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije Physical (In)activity and its Role in Musculoskeletal and Cardio-metabolic Health of the Working-Age Population Vabljeno predavanje Invited lecture Delazmožnost delavcev s kardiovaskularnimi boleznimi Work ability of workers with cardiovascular diseases Metoda Dodič Fikfak University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinical Institute of Occupational, Traffic, and Sports Medicine, Poljanski nasip 58, Ljubljana metoda.dodic-fikfak@guest.arnes.si Izhodišča: Plavi ovratniki imajo dvakrat večjo verjetnost, da se zgodaj upokoji-jo zaradi kardiovaskularnih bolezni (KVB) v primerjavi z belimi ovratniki. KVB so vodilni vzrok smrti na delu. Cilj prispevka je prikazati stanje zdravja delavcev zaradi KVB v SI in opozoriti na potrebne ukrepe. Metode dela: V presečni analizi so bili uporabljeni podatki nacionalnih zbirk podatkov in študije o Murinih delavcih v času prestrukturiranja. Rezultati: Odstotek bolniške odsotnosti (BO) 98 zaradi KVB niha od 0,13 do 0,23. Resnost (R) bolezni pada. Odstotek BO zaradi n KVB je v javnem sektorju višji kot v zasebnem, R pa v zasebnem sektorju višja kot v javnem. Tudi BO zaradi akutnega miokardnega infarkta, angine pektoris, pulatioo kronične ishemične bolezni srca in možganskega infarkta je višja v zasebnem se-ge p ktorju. Na pojav KVB vplivajo tudi zunanji dejavniki kot npr. gospodarska kriza. Diskusija: Resnosti KVB je v zasebnim sektorju višja tudi zato, ker se ti delav-rking-a ci odločajo za BO, ko so KVB že zelo razvite in zahtevajo daljše zdravljenje. o Ocenjevanje delazmožnosti bolnika s KVB zahteva predvsem odlično pozna- he w vanje obremenitev in obremenjenosti na delovnem mestu. Ostaja izziv, kako v f t športno-gibalne aktivnosti vključiti modre ovratnike. ealth o Ključne besede: kardiovaskularne bolezni, bolniška odsotnost, delovna invalidnost, prestrukturiranje gospodarstva. Introduction: Researchers establish that blue-col ar workers are twice as likely pulacije | ho to retire early due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) if compared with white-col ar workers. CVDs are the main cause of death in the workplace. The aim of ktivne p this contribution is to present the health status of workers with CVDs in Slovenia and to suggest necessary measures. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, elovno a the data from national databases and from research of Mura’ workers during restructuring were used. Results: The percentage of sick leave (SL) varies from 0.13 to 0.23. The severity of CVD decreases. The percentage of SL due to CVS zdravje d in the public sector is higher than in private, but the severity (S) of the CVD is higher in the private sector. Also acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease and cerebral infarction is higher in private sector. Sick leave is influenced also by restructuring. Discussion and conclusions: Severity of CVDs is higher in private sector also because workers decide to go to their doctors when a CVD is already developed and requires a longer treatment. Assessment of workability of a patient with a CVD demands mostly a very good knowledge of strain and straining in the workplace. Key words: cardiovascular diseases, sick leave, work disability, restructuring Bolečine kot vodilni zdravstveni problem in vzrok za bolniško odsotnost pri delavcih v kemijski in predelovalni industriji Pain as the leading health problem and cause of sick leave in workers in the chemical and processing industry Andrea Backović Juričan, Katja Rostohar, Mirjam Rožič National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana mirjam.rozic@nijz.si Izhodišča: Prisotnost bolečin je običajno eden vodilnih vzrokov za bolniško odsotnost. Metode: V raziskavi projekta Zdravi na kvadrat II – promocija zdravja na delovnem mestu v kemijski in drugih predelovalnih industrijah, izvedeni spomladi 2016 na vzorcu N=860 delavcih iz 19 slovenskih podjetjih, smo med drugim želeli raziskati povezavo med vplivom spola in starosti na prisotnost bo-lečin, ki so jih navedli kot vodilni zdravstveni problem. Zanimalo nas je tudi ali je vrsta dela povezana s prisotnostjo bolečin. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da imajo delavci, ki opravljajo težja fizična dela, težave z bolečinami v križu, vratu ali ra-99 menih, in sicer med 80 in 91%. Med njimi ima z nespečnostjo težave okoli 41% oseb ter med 25 in 37% z depresijo. Med ženskami je ta delež še nekoliko višji. Starejši od 40 let navajajo več prisotnih bolečin. Okoli 90% delavcev, ki opravl-ežbo del jajo delo v prisilni drži se spopada z bolečinami in to predstavlja 4,5 krat pove-u čano tveganje v primerjavi z ostalimi delavci. Daljšo bolniško odsotnost je ko-dno ristilo večji delež (35%) tistih delavcev, ki pretežno opravljajo težja dela. Večji naro obet za bolniško odsotnost imajo tako starejši od 40 let v primerjavi z mlajšimi, ed ženske v primerjavi z moškimi, in tisti, ki opravljajo težja fizična dela. Diskusija in m a z zaključki. Raziskava kaže na potrebo po sistematični implementaciji ukrepov za enc preprečevanje bolečin pri delu. fer Ključne besede: bolečine, zdravstveni problem, delavci, bolniška odsotnost, on vrsta dela kovna k Introduction: The presence of pain is usual y one of the leading causes of sick tro leave. Methods: In a survey of the project Healthy on a square II – workplace health promotion in the chemical and other process industries, implemented a in s in the spring of 2016 on a sample of N=860 workers from 19 Slovenian companies, we wanted to explore among other things the link between the influ-nanstven ence of gender and age on the presence of pain, which were mentioned as the 4. z leading health problem. We also tried to establish whether the type of work is associated with the presence of pain. Results: We have found that workers engaged in hard physical work, reported problems with pain in the low back, neck or shoulders, between 80 and 91%. Among those around 41% of people has problems with insomnia, furthermore between 25 and 37% with depression. Among women this share is even slightly higher. Workers older than 40 years of age indicated the more presence of pain. Around 90% of workers who carry out work in a forced- compulsory- posture is struggling with the pain and this represents a 4.5-fold increased risk compared to other workers. Longer sickness absence is of benefit to the largest share (35%) of those workers who predominantly perform such work. Greater outlook for sick leave have both workers older than 40 years compared to younger, women compared to men, and those performing hard physical work. Discussion and conclusions: The study demonstrates the need for systematic implementation of measures to prevent pain at work. Key words: pain, health problem, workers, sick leave, the type of work Stopnja nadzorovanosti vadbe na delovnem mestu je pomembna za izboljšanje srčnožilnega zdravja: 16-tedenska kontrolirana študija z naključno izbranim vzorcem Exercise supervision is important for cardiometabolic health improvements in the workplace: a 16-week randomised controlled trial Jayden Hunter1, Brett Gordon2, Stephen Bird3, Amanda Benson3 1 Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, 2795, Australia 2 La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, 3552, Australia 3 RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia 0 jhunter@csu.edu.au, B.Gordon@latrobe.edu.au, stephen.bird@rmit.edu.au, 10 amanda.benson@rmit.edu.au n Izhodišča: Nizka srčno-žilna zmogljivost (SZZ) in mišična šibkost sta dejavnika tveganja za razvoj srčno-žilnih bolezni. Ta kontrolirana študija je preverja-pulatioo la učinke neposredno in posredno nadzorovane ter nenadzorovane vadbe na ge p SZZ. Metode: Petinosemdeset uslužbencev Avstralske univerze (62 žensk; starost 43.2 ± 9.8 let) je bilo naključno razdeljenih v skupine z neposredno (individ-rking-a ualno) nadzorovano vadbo (NEP; N=28), posredno nadzorovano vadbo (POS; o N=28) in nenadzorovano vadbo (CON; N=29), ki so zajemale posameznikom he wf t prilagojeno, zmerno do visoko aerobno aktivnost ter vadbo proti uporu. Z analizo varianc za ponovljene meritve smo primerjali razlike v SZZ (najvišja po-ealth o raba kisika) in mišični jakosti (največje breme pri potisku s prsi in počepu). Rezultati: Večje spremembe SZZ (p<0.01) so bile zabeležene v NEP (+10.4 ± 11.1 %) v primerjavi s CON (+3.8 ± 8.9 %), medtem ko razlik glede na POS (+8.6 pulacije | h ± 8.2 %) ni bilo. V primerjavi s CON (+1.7±7.7%), je tako v NEP (+12.8 ± 8.4%; o p<0.001) kot tudi IND (+8.4 ± 7.3%; p<0.05) prišlo do večjega izboljšana jakosti mišic zgornjega dela telesa. Napredek v jakosti spodnjih okončin je bil več- ktivne p ji v NEP (+26.3 ± 12.7%) kot v POS (+15.0 ± 14.6%; p<0.05) in kot v CON (+4.1 ± 12.4%; p<0.001), ter večji v POS kot v CON (p<0.01). Diskusija: Neposred-elovno a no nadzorovanje vadbe vodi v večje napredke v mišični jakosti v primerjavi z posredno nadzorovano in nenadzorovano vadbo. Nadzor vadbe je nujen za ohranjanje pozitivnih učinkov na SZZ pri uslužbencih univerze tekom 16-teden-zdravje d ske intervencije. Ključne besede: delovno mesto, nadzor vadbe, aerobni trening, vadba proti uporu, metabolno zdravje. Introduction: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and poor muscular strength are risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. This randomised control ed trial compared direct, indirect and no exercise supervision on cardiometabolic fitness. Methods: Eighty-five Australian university employees (62 female; mean±SD 43.2±9.8 years) were randomised to either direct 1:1 supervision (DIR; N=28), indirect supervision (IND; N=28) or unsupervised con- trol (CON; N=29) exercise groups for a 16-week individual y-tailored, mod- erate-to-high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise program. Changes to CRF (V̇O peak) and muscular strength (1RM bench and leg press) were ana-2 lysed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Mean changes to CRF were greater ( p<0.01) with DIR (+10.4±11.1%) compared to CON (+3.8±8.9%), but not different compared to IND (+8.68.2%±) supervision. When compared to CON (+1.7±%7.7), mean upper body strength changes were significantly greater with DIR (+12.88.4%±; p<0.001) and IND (+8.4±%7.3; p<0.05). Mean lower body strength changes were greater with DIR (+26.3±12.7%) compared to IND (+15.0 ± 14.6%; p<0.05) and CON (+4.1 ± 12.4%; p<0.001), and IND compared to CON ( p<0.01). Discussion: Direct exercise supervision achieved greater increases to muscular strength compared to indirect and no exercise supervision. Exercise supervision is necessary to obtain CRF benefits in university employees over a 16-week intervention. Key words: workplace, exercise supervision, aerobic training, resistance training, metabolic health 110 Vidiki uporabe ergonomskih pripomočkov v zdravstveni negi Aspects for the use of ergonomic tools in nursing care ežbo Sedina Kalender Smajlović, Brigita Skela Savič del u Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care, Spodnji Plavž 3, 4270 Jesenice dno bskelasavic@fzab.si, skalendersmajlovic@fzab.si naroed Izhodišča: Neupoštevanje ergonomskih načel pri poklicnem delu medicinskih m sester je pomemben dejavnik tveganja za zdravje na delovnem mestu. Medicina z ske sestre pri svojem poklicnem delu lahko uporabljajo enostavne in tehnične enc ergonomske pripomočke ter opremo. Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativni ra-feron ziskovalni pristop, kjer je sodelovalo 1744 zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v 16 bolnišnicah, v novembru 2016. Odzivnost je bila 62,23%. Merski instrument je kovna k bil pripravljen na osnovi treh raziskav, na osnovi katerih smo pripravili lasten tro vprašalnik o ergonomskih pripomočkih. Statistična analiza pridobljenih podatkov je bila opravljena s programom SPSS 22.0. Uporabili smo opisno statistiko a in s ter hi-kvadrat test. Vrednost p<0,05 je določala mejo statistične značilnosti. Rezultati: Medicinske sestre v splošnih bolnišnicah uporabljajo posteljni meh-nanstven anizem v 73,8%, v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah v 74%. Menjava službe ali delovne-4. z ga mesta zaradi bolečin v križu je statistično povezana z dvigovanjem bremena težjega od 45 kg (p<0,001). Diskusija in zaključki: Raziskava daje usmeritve in priložnosti za promocijo ergonomije in ergonomskih načel v zdravstveni negi in zdravstvu in s tem promocijo tehnik in varnega dvigovanja pacientov, ki prispeva k varnosti pacientov in zdravju zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi. Ključne besede: enostavni ergonomski pripomočki, tehnični ergonomski pripomočki, zdravstvena nega, medicinske sestre Background: Failure to observe ergonomic principles in the professional work of nurses is an important risk factor for health in the workplace. Nurses in professional work can use simple and ergonomic technical devices and equipment. Methods: A quantitative research approach was used on a sample of 1744 nursing personnel employed in 16 Slovenian hospitals. The research was conducted in November 2015 and the response rate was 62.23%. In drafting a question- naire on the role of ergonomics in the occurrence of low back pain, we drew on three studies. Our questionnaire included items on 12 low-tech devices and technical aids. For statistical analysis of obtained data, the software SPSS V.22.0 was used. Results: 73.8% of nurses in general hospitals and 74% in psychiatric hospitals use the bed mechanism. Changing job or work place because of back pain is statistical y associated with lifting loads heavier than 45 kg (p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusions: The study provides guidance and opportunities for promoting ergonomic principles in nursing and health care, thereby advocating safe patient handling techniques, contributing to greater patient safety and protecting the health of nursing personnel. Key words: simple ergonomic devices, technical ergonomic aids, nursing, nurses Vpliv delovne izmene na gibalno aktivnost in količino spanca med upravljavci dvigal 210 The effect of work shift on free living physical activity and sleep quantity in crane operators n Kaja Kastelic1,2, Nejc Šarabon2,3 pulatio 1 University of Primorska, Institute Andrej Marušič, Koper, Slovenija o 2 S2P Science to Practice, d. o. o., Ljubljana, Slovenija ge p 3 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenija kaja.kastelic@iam.upr.si, nejc.sarabon@fvz.upr.si rking-ao Izhodišča: Mnogi delavci občutijo večizmensko delo kot stresno. Obstaja-he wf t jo močni dokazi, da je slednje dejavnik tveganja za zdravje, zaradi cirkadianih motenj v organizmu. V naši raziskavi smo ugotavljali ali ima posamezna delovna ealth o izmena vpliv na z zdravjem povezane vedenjske navade. Metode: Triinštirideset upravljavcev dvigal je nosilo ActivPAL in Garmin Forerunner (3 izmene) do pet zaporednih delovnih dni z namenom objektivnega vrednotenja dnevne količine pulacije | h sedenja/ležanja, stoje, hoje in srčnega utripa. Dodatno se je beležila tudi količi-o na spanca. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo statistično značilne razlike (p<0,05) v povprečni dnevni količini sedenja/ležanja med budnostjo (11,3±1,2 ur/dan; 10,1±1,1 ktivne p ur/dan; 12,5±1,3 ur/dan: med delom v prvi, drugi in tretji izmeni) in v povprečni količini spanca (6,5±0,8 ur/dan; 7,5±1,1 ur/dan; 5,1±0,8 ur/dan). Pri povprečni elovno a količini stoje in hoje, povprečnem številu korakov na dan in pri povprečni ko-ličini ukvarjanja z zmerno do visoko intenzivno gibalno aktivnostjo, nismo zasl-edili pomembnih razlik (p>0,05). Diskusija in zaključki: Delovna izmena ima zdravje d pomemben vpliv na količino dnevnega časa sedentarnosti in količino spanca. Kaže da zaposleni v tretji delovni zmeni kompenzirajo pomanjkanje spanca z iz-datnim sedentarnim obnašanjem. Najugodnejše vedenje z najmanj sedentarno preživetega časa in doseganjem priporočene količine spanca, smo opazili med zaposlenimi med delom v drugi delovni izmeni. Ključne besede: sedentarno obnašanje, z zdravjem povezan vedenjski slog, modri ovratniki Introduction: Shift work is known to be stressful for many workers. There is al-so strong evidence of increased health risk which is often attributed to circadian disturbances. We tested whether specific work shift has also effect on health-related habits. Methods: Forty-three male crane operators wore ActivPAL and Garmin Forerunner (3 shifts) for up to five consecutive working days to obtain objective measures of sitting/lying, standing, stepping and heart rate. Sleep time were also documented. Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in average daily sitting/lying time while awake (11.3±1.2 h/day; 10.1±1.1 h/day; 12.5±1.3 h/day: when working in first, second and third shift, respectively) and in average sleep time (6.5±0.8 h/day; 7.5±1.1 h/day; 5.1±0.8 h/ day) were observed. The average time spend standing and walking, the average number of steps per day and the average time spent in moderate to vigor-ous physical activity did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Discussion and conclusions: Work shift have significant effect on sedentary time and sleep quantity. It seems that workers in the third work shift compensate a lack of sleeping hours with excessive sedentary time. We observed the most favorable behavior with the lowest sedentary time and achieving recommended sleeping time in workers in second work shift. Key words: sedentary behavior, health-related lifestyle, blue-col ar workers 310 Uporaba ergonomskih tehnik in pripomočkov za premeščanje ežbo in premikanje pacientov oz. stanovalcev v zdravstveni negi del in oskrbi u The use of the ergonomic techniques and devices for the transfer dno and movement of the patient or residents of nursing and care naroed Simona Križanec m Secondary medical school Celje a z enc Izhodišča: Mišično-skeletna obolenja, posledično absentizem, so pri zaposlen-feron ih v zdravstveni negi in oskrbi posledica dviganja in premeščanja pacientov oz. stanovalcev. Cilj je bil raziskati, kaj zaposlenim pri delu predstavlja največje kovna k fizične obremenitve in katere ergonomske tehnike in pripomočke uporablja-tro jo za varno delo. Metoda: Podatki so bili prostovoljno in anonimno pridobljeni s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Zbrani so bili od maja 2012 do aprila 2016 in a in s obdelani s pomočjo programa SPSS. Rezultati: Anketo je izpolnilo 218 zaposlenih iz 32 socialno-varstvenih zavodov, ki opravljajo zdravstveno nego in oskr-nanstven bo v zavodih in na domu. 60 % anketiranih skrbi za štiri do šest stanovalcev na 4. z domu, 18 % zaposlenih v zavodu pa za več kot 12 oseb v eni izmeni. Za 55 % anketiranih je največja fizična obremenitev prestavljanje iz postelje na invalidski voziček, za 43 % pa premikanje po postelji navzgor. 43 % jih uporablja enostavni pripomoček (podlogo) pri delu, 40 % jih ne uporablja pripomočka. Le 37 % an-ketirancev dvigne posteljo na delovno višino pred delom. 56 % anketiranih je v času izobraževanja le deloma pridobilo znanje iz ergonomskih tehnik. Diskusija in zaključki: Anketirani so zaradi fizično zahtevnih nalog, nizkih kadrovskih standardov, nepoznavanja ergonomskih tehnik nedvigovanja in pripomočkov pokazali velik interes (61 %) za delavnico iz ergonomije. Le tako lahko povečajo varnost in zadovoljstvo pri svojem delu in uporabnikih storitev. Ključne besede: mišično-skeletna obolenja, fizične obremenitve, uporaba ergonomskih tehnik in pripomočkov, delavnice za varno delo Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders and consequently absenteeism are for employes in nursing and care the result from the implementation of lifting and moving patients or residents. The aim was to investigate what represents the employees work the largest physical demand and whose ergonomic techniques and devices are used for safe work. Method: Data were obtained voluntarily and anonymously by using a questionnaire. Data were col ected from May 2012 to April 2016 and processed by using SPSS. Results: The survey was fil ed in by 218 employees from 32 social care institutions, providing nursing and care in institutions and at home. 60% of the respondents take care for four to six residents in the home, 18% of employees in the institution take care for more than 12 people in one shift. For 55% respondents is the maximum physical demand shifting from bed to a wheelchair and for 43% the movement of the bed up. 43% use a simple device - a mat to make work easier, 40% do not use any device. Only 37% respondents raise bed to a working height before they start working. 56% of respondents only partial y acquired knowledge regarding safe methods 4 and techniques for handling and lifting patients during their training. Discussion 10 and conclusions: Respondents showed due to physically demanding tasks, low staffing standards, the ignorance of ergonomic techniques of non-lifting devic-n es great interest for the workshop of ergonomics. Only in this way can increase the safety and satisfaction in their work and service users. pulatioo Key words: musculoskeletal disorders, physical demands the use of ergonomic ge p techniques and devices, workshops for safe work rking-ao Vadba na recept® pri bolnikih z arterijsko hipertenzijo: he w pilotni projekt f t Exercise prescription for health® in patients with arterial hypertension: a pilot project ealth o Janja Lavbič1, Herbert Löllgen2, Andre Debruyne2, Joe Cumminskey2, Matej Kokalj Kokot3,4, Liljana Ločniškar4, Aljaž Valič3,4, Ana Pajk3, Severina Štruc3, Mitija pulacije | ho Samardžija Pavletič3, Petra Zupet1,2,3 1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenija ktivne p 2 European Federation of Sports Medicine Association (EFSMA) 3 IMS Institute for Medicine and Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenija 4 Health Center zavod Revita, Ljubljana, Slovenija elovno a petra.zupet@i-ms.si Izhodišča: Cilj raziskave je bil dokazati pozitiven vpliv redne vadbe na vred-zdravje d nosti krvnega tlaka v mirovanju, na subjektivno počutje in na nekatere kazalnike motoričnih sposobnosti in zdravja pri bolnikih z arterijsko hipertenzijo (AH). Metode: V pilotni del raziskave smo zajeli deset bolnikov z AH. Vadba je potekala v skladu s strokovnimi priporočili Evropskega združenja za medicino športa (EFSMA) dvakrat tedensko po eno uro in je vključevala vadbo moči, gibljivosti in senzomotorično vadbo. Učinek vadbe smo vrednotili s primerjavo rezultatov uvodnih meritev (TMO) in meritev po šestih tednih (TM6T). Rezultati: Ugotovili smo pozitiven učinek vadbe na vrednosti diastolnega krvnega tlaka (TMO = 86mmHg, TM6T = 79mmHg; p = 0,006), na oceno subjektivnega počutja (TMO = 5,7; TM6T = 7,3; p = 0,002) in na nekatere motorične teste: Sorensov test (TMO = 71,14; TM6T = 145,71; p = 0,013), test vstajanja s stola 5x (TMO = 9,54; TM6T = 8,17; p = 0,009), test vstajanja s stola 15x (TMO = 28,97; TM6T = 25,03; p = 0,019) in test »vstani in pojdi 3 m« (TMO = 5,91; TM6T = 5,19; p = 0,015). Razlik v srčni frekvenci, sistolnem krvnem tlaku v mirovanju, telesni sestavi in bazalni presnovi po šestih tednih vadbe nismo uspeli dokazati. Razprava: Sprememba življenjskega sloga z vključevanjem telesne aktivnosti v skladu z EFSMA priporočili je pomembno orodje za preprečevanje in zdravljenje AH. Ključne besede: krvni tlak, arterijska hipertenzija, redna vadba, vadba na recept, učinek vadbe Background: The aim of the research was to prove the role of regular physical activity on blood pressure, subjective wel -being and some indicators of motor skil s and health in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Methods: The research was conducted of ten patients with AH. Exercise was performed in accordance with recommendations of the European Federation of Sports Med- icine Associations (EFMSA) twice a week for one hour and included strength, 105 flexibility and sensomotoric exercises. The effect of physical activity was evaluated by a comparison of results between initial (TMO) and control measurežbo ments (TM6T) after six weeks. del u Results: We have found positive effects of regular physical activity on diastol-dno ic blood pressure (TMO = 86 mmHg, TM6T = 79 mmHg; p = 0.006), subjec- tive wel -being estimate (TMO = 5.7; TM6T = 7.3; p = 0.002) and some motoric naroed tests: The Sorensen test (TMO = 71.14; TM6T = 145.71; p = 0.013), the 5x chair m rise test (TMO = 9.54; TM6T = 8.17; p = 0.009), the 15x chair rise test (TMO a z = 28.97; TM6T = 25.03; p = 0.019) and the »get up and walk 3 m« test (TMO = encfer 5.91; TM6T = 5.19; p = 0.015). Differences in heart rate, resting systolic blood on pressure, body composition, water percentage and basal metabolic rate were not found. Discussion: One of the key guidelines for preventing and treating AH kovna k is changing one’s lifestyle by including regular physical activity in accordance tro with guidelines (EFSMA). a in s Key words: blood pressure, arterial hypertension, regular activity, prescription for exercise, exercise effect nanstven Pojem gibalne aktivnosti, moči in zmogljivosti 4. z – predpogoj za opravljanje poklica medicinske sestre The concept of physical activity, strength and fitness - a precondition for performing professional duties as a nurse Robert Lovrić1,2, Nada Prlić2, Jasenka Vujanić2 1 Vocational School for Careers in Medicine Osijek; 2 University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Nursing, Croatia Address: 10E Cara Hadrijana street, Osijek rlovric@mefos.hr, nprlic26@mefos.hr , jvujanic@mefos.hr Izhodišča: Glavne naloge medicinskih sester zajemajo spodbujanje zdravja, preprečevanje bolezni in skrb za obolele. Z neposrednim vplivanjem na zdravstvene navade ljudi spadajo medicinske sestre v kategorijo najpomembnejših promotorjev zdravja. V članku se sprašujemo, ali lahko medicinska sestra, ki ne skrbi za lastno telo in zdravje učinkovito spodbuja zdrav življenjski slog. Metode: Opravljen je bil sistematičen pregled literature z iskanjem po primernih podatkovnih bazah (npr. EBSCO, Science direct) in spletnih straneh organizacij medicinskih sester. Upoštevali smo vire, objavljene med letoma 2005 in 2017. Rezultati: Zbrani podatki kažejo, da so medicinske sestre veliko prepričljivejše in uspešnejše pri promociji zdravja, v kolikor se tudi same redno gibalno udejstvu-jejo. Študije izpostavljajo očiten paradoks, ko je zaradi neaktivnosti medicinskih sester njihovo spodbujanje drugih k zdravemu življenjskemu slogu nemogoče. Diskusija in zaključek: Gibalna aktivnost je izredno pomemben pojem, saj morajo medicinske sestre biti ‘’dobrega zdravja in značaja’’ za opravljanje varnega in učinkovitega dela. Za ohranjanje lastnega zdravja, delovne uspešnosti ter učinkovite promocije zdravja morajo poskrbeti za svoje telesno vitalnost in zmogljivost. Ključne besede: medicinska sestra, gibalna aktivnost, moč, zmogljivost 610 Introduction: Health promotion, disease prevention and care for the sick are the nurses’ key tasks. The privilege of a direct impact on the health behaviour of n people puts the nurse into the category of main “health promoters”. We pose the fol owing research question: Can a nurse who does not care about their pulatioo own body and health effectively promote a healthy lifestyle? Methods: A sys-ge p tematic search of literature was performed by using relevant databases (e.g. EBSCO, Science direct) and relevant web pages of nurses’ organisations. The rking-a literature published between 2005 and 2017 was taken into consideration. Re-o sults: The search of literature review indicates that nurses who personal y ap-he wf t ply physical activity and a healthy lifestyle will be significantly more convincing and successful in promoting health. Studies suggest an obvious paradox when ealth o a large number of nurses expose themselves to unhealthy behaviour and, thus, making their health care promotion activities implausible. Discussions and conclusions: Physical activity a very important concept as nurses must have “good pulacije | h health and good character” to perform safe and efficient practise. Nurses o as health care promoters should take care of their own physical strength and fitness in order to preserve their own health and successful performance of ktivne p professional duties. Key words: nurse, physical activity, strength, fitness. elovno a Slovenski delavci – ali je za delo prevroče? zdravje d Slovenian workers – is it too hot to work? Tjaša Pogačar, Lučka Kajfež Bogataj University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana tjasa.pogacar@bf.uni-lj.si, lucka.kajfez.bogataj@bf.uni-lj.si Izhodišča: Vročinski valovi v Sloveniji (in Evropi) postajajo pogostejši, daljši in bolj intenzivni. Evropski projekt Heat-Shield (Obzorja 2020) zato naslavlja odpornost evropskih delavcev na vročinski stres. Metode: Za opis toplotne obremenitve delavcev je bil izbran kazalnik WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature). Za izračun so bili uporabljeni podatki o temperaturi zraka in relativni vlagi znotraj tovarne, za primerjavo pa podatki meteorološke postaje Celje. Med de- lavci (v tovarni, na kmetiji, turistični vodiči, v založniški hiši, na fakulteti) je bila izvedena raziskava o toplotnem udobju in vplivih vročinskega stresa. Rezultati: Avgusta 2016 se je v tovarni temperatura zraka dvignila do 33 °C, vrednosti ka-zalnika WBGT so bile večinoma med 20 in 25 °C. Poleti je temperatura na delovnem mestu ustrezna za manj kot 5 % delavcev v tovarni in kmetijstvu ter za 20 % delavcev v pisarnah. Vročinski stres negativno vpliva na zbranost, storilnost in počutje. Zelo pogosti (večinoma več kot 55 %) so žeja, povečano poten-je, utrujenost, glavobol in izčrpanost, nekateri so že doživeli hujše zdravstvene težave (slabost, izpuščaji, mišični in vročinski krči, omedlevica, vročinski udar). Diskusija in zaključki: Vročinski stres že prestavlja težave za delavce, naslednji korak pri projektu Heat-Shield je zato razvoj in preizkus rešitev za izboljšan-je pogojev. Ključne besede: vročinski stres, vročinski val, delavci, storilnost, zdravje, počutje Raziskava je bila delno finančno podprta s strani okvirnega programa EU za razvoj in 7 inovacije Obzorje 2020 s pogodbo št. 668786. Zahvaljujemo se prof. Igorju B. Mekja-10 viću, Larsu Nybo, Andreasu Flourisu in Tordu Kjel stromu za sodelovanje. Introduction: Frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves have increased in ežbo Slovenia (and Europe), so the thermal resilience of workers is being addressed del u in the European Heat-Shield project (Horizon 2020). Methods: Wet bulb globe dno temperature (WBGT) index has been chosen to assess the thermal load of workers. Air temperature and relative humidity inside the factory are being naroed measured to calculate WBGT, meteorological data were gained from the Celje m station. A survey about heat stress impacts was conducted among workers (in a z the factory, farmers, tourist guides, in publishing house, at faculty). Results: In encfer the factory reached air temperatures in August 2016 to 33°C, WBGT values on were mainly between 20 and 25°C. Workplace temperature is during summer suitable for less than 5% workers in the factory and agriculture, and for 20% of-kovna k fice workers. Heat stress has a negative impact on productivity, concentration, tro and wel -being. Thirst, excessive sweating, tiredness, headache, and exhaustion are common (mainly more than 55%), some have already experienced worse a in s health problems (nausea, prickly heat, muscle and heat cramps, fainting, heat stroke). Discussion and Conclusions: As heat stress is already causing problems, nanstven various solutions for its mitigation will be developed and tested in the next step 4. z of the Heat-Shield project. Key words: heat stress, heat wave, workers, productivity, health, wel -being The work was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action (Project number 668786: Heat Shield). We are indebted to Profs. Ig-or B. Mekjavić, Lars Nybo, Andreas Flouris and Tord Kjel strom for their assistance. Vpliv oblike in vrste sedala na pokončno sedenje pri delovno aktivni populaciji – študija primera Influence of the shape and type of a seat on upright sitting position – a case study Barbara Purkart1, Mitja Gerževič2 1 Physiotherapy centre Barbara Pukart k.d., Ulica Gradnikove brigade 8, Ljubljana Slovenija 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenija barbara.purkart@fizioterapija.net, mitja.gerzevic@upr.si Izhodišča: Opravljanje dela pretežno v sedečem položaju in telesna neaktivnost sta pomembna dejavnika za okvaro medvretenčnih ledvenih ploščic. Pokončno sedenje manj obremenjuje dorzalni del ploščice, kjer so okvare najpogostejše. Zanimalo nas je ali oblika in vrsta stola vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje. Metode: Med 8-urnim delom za računalnikom je merjenec sedel na različnih stolih brez 8 naslona, in sicer prvi dan na običajnem stolu s stabilnim sedalom, drugi dan na 10 stolu s stabilnim sedalom v obliki sedla in tretji dan na stolu z nestabilnim sedan lom, gibljivim v vse smeri. V realnem delovnem okolju smo s pomočjo 2D kinematične analize preverili odstopanje položaja markerjev od pokončne sedeče pulatio drže, pri čemer je bilo območje pokončnega sedenja definirana kot območje o med maksimalno lordozo in točko, kjer se začne ledveni del in Th 12 premikati v ge p kifotični položaj. Rezultati: Deleži pokončnega časa sedenja od skupnega so bili naslednji: običajni stol 19% (73 min), stol z nestabilnim sedalom 24% (93 min) in rking-ao stol s sedlastim sedalom 34% (130 min). Maksimalna kifoza in lordoza sta se ra-he w zlikovali glede na obliko stola. Največja kifoza se je pojavljala na stolu z gibljivim f t sedalom, medtem ko je bila največja lordoza prisotna na sedlastem stolu. Stol z gibljivim sedalom je najbolj vzpodbujal sedenje v maksimalni kifozi. Diskusija ealth o in zaključki: Izkazalo se je, da sedlasto sedalo bolj vzpodbuja pokončno sedenje kot običajen stol ali stol z gibljivim sedalom. Deleži pokončnega sedenja pri stolu z nestabilnim sedalom so bili v primerjavi z običajnim stolom sicer več- pulacije | ho ji, vendar smo opazili, da se je (le) med sedenjem na nestabilnem sedalu merjenec ves čas izrazito opiral na roke. Rezultati v tem primeru kažejo, da seden-ktivne p je na stolu s sedlastim sedalom najbolj vzpodbuja pokončno sedenje, medtem ko lahko ostala dva stola silita telo v nepravilne položaje, kar lahko vodi do pre-obremenitve in bolečine. elovno a Ključne besede: pokončno sedenje, sedlast stol, nestabilno sedalo, kinematika. zdravje d Introduction: Sedentary life style and working in a sitting position are important factors effecting protrusion of lumbar discs. When sitting is upright, we face lesser mechanical forces on dorsal part of disc where protrusions are frequent. The study aimed to compare how different shapes and types of chairs influence upright sitting position. Methods: During eight-hour computer work, an adult male sat on different chairs without the backrest. The first day he sat on an ordinary, stable chair, the second day on a saddle chair and the third day on a chair with unstable seat. We analyzed the deviation of the lumbar spine from the upright position using 2D kinematics. Upright position was define as area between maximal lordosis and the area when lumbar part and Th12 start to move to kyphotic position. Results: The percentages of the time of the upright sitting position out of total worktime for the stable, saddle and unstable seat were 19% (73 min), 34% (130 min) and 24% (93 min), respectively. Maximal kyphosis and lordosis were different on different chairs. The biggest kyphosis was on the chair with unstable seat. The biggest lordosis was on the saddle chair. The chair with unstable seat also encourage sitting in position with maximal kyphosis. Discussion and Conclusions: It was shown that the saddle chair is the one that enables the longest time of the upright sitting position during worktime. The time of the upright position on the unstable chair was longer compared to the stable one, but we noticed a marked supporting action of the arms on the unstable seat. These preliminary findings suggest that the saddle chair promote upright sitting the most, while the stable and the unstable chairs can force the subjects into incorrect body positions, which could lead to overuse and pain. Key words: upright sitting, saddle chair, unstable seat, kinematic SPEXOR: Spinalni eksoskelet za preventivo, rehabilitacijo 9 in delovno reintegracijo 10 SPEXOR: Spine Exoskeleton for Prevention, Rehabilitation and Work Reintegration ežbo Nejc Šarabon1, Jan Babič2 del u 1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, dno Polje 42 6310 Izola 2 Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, naroed Ljubljana, Slovenia m nejc.sarabon@fvz.upr.si a z enc Bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta (BSH) je velik problem v sodobni družbi. feron Stroški povezani z BSH v Evropi znašajo med 113 in 209 € na prebivalca in so posledica zmanjšane delovne kapacitete, bolniških odsotnosti, tožb in zgodn-kovna k jih upokojitev. Pojavnost BSH je povezana z fizično zahtevnimi delovnimi mes-tro ti, ki vključujejo rokovanja s težkimi bremeni, ponavljajoča se gibanja in preživljanje daljših časovnih period v prisilnih držah. Namen projekta SPEXOR je a in s oblikovati zunanji skelet, ki bo pomagal delavcem pri tovrstnih gibanjih. Vključeval bo več programov: program za asistenco (preprečitev skrajnih gibov in nanstven znižanje bremena), kontrolni program (za podajanje povratnih informacij upo-4. z rabniku), vadbeni program (za vadbo mišic trupa) in diagnostični program (za oceno funkcije trupa). Zunanji skeleti so bili v preteklosti že razviti, a se večinoma osredotočajo na okončine, trupu pa nudijo manj opore. Po nam znanih podatkih še ni bila razvita naprava, ki bi nudila aktivno oporo trupa med funk-cionalnimi gibi. Tekom oblikovanja zunanjega skeleta bomo posebno pozornost namenili določanju potreb uporabnikov (z predhodnimi meritvami, s katerimi bomo preučili obremenjenost hrbtenice med različnimi nalogami) in uporab-nost ter zadovoljstvo uporabnika (s testiranjem udobja in zmogljivosti med izvedbo funkcionalnih nalog med nošenjem naprave). Zahvala: EU H2020 projekt SPEXOR, 687662. Ključne besede: bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta, ergonomija, robotik. Low-back pain (LBP) is a major issue of the modern society. In Europe, the costs related to LBP are ranging from 113 to 209 € per capita and are result- ing from reduced work capacity, sick-leaves, legal claims and early retirements. The prevalence of LBP is strongly correlated with physical y demanding jobs that include handling of the heavy loads, repetitive movements and spending prolonged time in a flexed position. The aim of the SPEXOR project is to design a spinal exoskeleton to support the workers during such movements. The exoskeleton will include various modes: the assistive mode (to prevent unde-sired postures and limit the mechanical load), the monitoring mode (to provide feedback to the user), training mode (to provide active trunk conditioning) and the diagnostic mode (to assess the function of the trunk). While several exoskeleton have already been developed, most of them focus on the limbs or offer only limited support to the trunk. To our knowledge, no device has yet been designed that would provide active assistance for functional movements of the trunk. Throughout the design process, a special attention will be paid on determining the user’s needs (by preliminary measurements to determine common spinal loads during various tasks) and end-user usability and satisfaction evaluation (by having the users to evaluate comfort and performance 110 during various functional tasks while wearing the exoskeleton). Acknowledge-ment: EU H2020 project SPEXOR, 687662. n Key words: low back pain, ergonomics, robotics. pulatioo ge p Problem sklanjanju na delu in preventivni potencial pasivne podpore trupa rking-a The problem of occupational trunk flexion and the preventive o potential of passive trunk support he wf t Matej Voglar, Nejc Šarabon University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola ealth o matej.voglar@fvz.upr.si, nejc.sarabon@fvz.upr.si Izhodišča: Sklanjanje na delovnem mestu je povezano s povečanim tveganjem pulacije | h za pojav bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta vendar mehanizmi nastanka niso pov-o sem pojasnjeni. Cilj študije je bil ovrednotiti spremembe stabilnosti trupa po dalj časa trajajočem sklanjanju in dodatno preveriti potencialno preventivno ktivne p učinkovitost uporabe pasivne podpore za zgornji del trupa. Metode: V študiji je sodelovalo 21 oseb (od tega 10 ženskega spola). V dveh ločenih obiskih so elovno a bili vsi preiskovanci izpostavljeni podprtemu in nepodprtemu sklanjanju (80% največjega predklona) v trajanju 1 ure. Spremembe bazične mišične aktivnosti, sedečega ravnoteža, podajnosti trupa in refleksne mišične aktivacije smo iz-zdravje d merili pred in po izpostavljenosti sklanjanju. Rezultate merjenj smo primerjali s statističnim testom dvosmerna-ANOVA za ponovljene meritve. Rezultati: Podajnost trupa se je zmanjšala le po nepodprtem sklanjanju (p = 0,024). Naspro-tno je bilo opaziti povečanje obsega gibanja in refleksnega doprinosa po obeh pogojih (p < 0,001). Značilni interakcijski učinek je potredil večje spremembe po nepodprtem sklanjanju (p = 0,025). Diskusija in zaključki: V nasprotju z nekaterimi predhodnimi študijami smo pokazali zmanjšanje podajnosti trupa po dalj časa trajajočem sklanjanju, kar nakazuje povečanje togosti najverjetne-je kot posledica povečanja bazične mišične aktivnosti in povečanja refleksnega doprinosa. Izsledki šudije nakazujejo učinkovitost pasivne podpore za zgornji del trupa med dalj časa trajajočim sklanjanjem. Ključne besede: Stabilnost trupa, posturalni refleksi, mišična aktivacija, bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta. Introduction: The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged, intermittent flexion on trunk neuromuscular control. Furthermore, the potential beneficial effects of passive upper body support during flexion were investigated. Methods: 21 healthy young volunteers (10 females) participated during two separate visits in which they performed 1 hour of intermittent 60 seconds flexion and 30 seconds rest cycles. Flexion was set at 80% lumbar flexion and was performed with or without upper body support. Before and after intermittent flexion exposure, lumbar range of motion was measured using in-ertial measurement units and trunk stability was assessed during perturbations applied in the forward direction with a force control ed actuator. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the results. Results: Trunk ad-mittance gain decreased after unsupported flexion(p = 0.024), while reflex gain 111 and lumbar range of motion increased after both conditions(p < 0.001). Significant interaction effects confirmed a larger increase in lumbar range of mo-ežbo tion and reflex gains following unsupported flexion in comparison to support-del ed flexion (p = 0.025). Discusion and Conclusions: In contrast with some previous u studies we found that prolonged intermittent flexion decreased trunk admit-dno tance, which implies an increase of the lumped intrinsic and reflexive stiffness. naroed Key words: Trunk stability, postural reflexes, muscle activity, low back pain. m a z enc Bolniška odsotnost v Skupini Slovenske železnice fer – primerjava različnih poklicnih skupin on Absenteeism in Slovenian Railways Group – comparison between different work groups kovna k tro Martin Vrašec1, Matej Voglar2 1 Slovenian Railways, Sector for legal Affairs and Human Resources, a in s Kolodvorska ulica 11, 1506 Ljubljana 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola nanstven martin.vrasec@slo-zeleznice.si, matej.voglar@fvz.upr.si 4. z Izhodišča: V delovnem okolju na zaposlene vplivajo različni, tudi škodljivi dejavniki, ki so lahko vzrok za bolniško odsotnost. Najpogostejši razlogi bolniške odsotnosti v Skupini Slovenske železnice so bolezni mišično-skeletnega sistema, poškodbe in zastrupitve izven dela ter duševne in vedenjske motnje. Metode: V prispevku je predstavljena bolniška odsotnost (brez odsotnosti zaradi nege) zaposlenih v Skupini Slovenske železnice v obdobju med leti 2007 in 2015. V pregled smo vzeli štiri profile delovnih mest, in sicer dva profila enoizmenskih delavcev (pisarniški delavci in vzdrževalci železniške infrastrukture) ter dva profila večizmenskih delavcev (strojevodje vlaka in vozovni pregledniki). Rezultati: Z enosmerno analizo variance smo ugotovili, da je bil najvišji odstotek bolniške odsotnosti pričakovano ugotovljen pri vzdrževalcih železniške infrastrukture (6,38 ± 0,95 %), ki so jim sledili strojevodje (4,49 % ± 1,39 %), pisarniški delavci (4,23 ± 0,58 %) in vozovni pregledniki (3,28 % ± 0,62 %). Diskusija in zaključki: Ker za opazovane profile nismo imeli podatkov o vzrokih za bolniško odsotnost, lahko o njih le predvidevamo zaradi poznavanja lastnosti delovnih mest oziroma delokrogov. V naslednji raziskavi bomo zaposlene vprašali o vzrokih za bolniško odsotnost in na podlagi rezultatov izdelali smernice in priporočila za preventivno delovanje. Ključne besede: odstotek bolniške odsotnosti, vzdrževalci železniške infrastrukture, strojevodje, pisarniški delavci, vozovni pregledniki. Introduction: In the working environment there are several (even negative) factors which can affect employees and the consequence is absenteeism. The most often causes of absenteeism in Slovenian Railways Group are musculoskeletal problems, nonworking infections and injuries, and mental and behavioral disturbances. Methods: We observed the percent of absenteeism between four work groups, of which two groups were regular work schedule and two groups were shift-work schedule. The absenteeism was observed between years 2007 and 2015. Regular work schedule employees were office 112 workers and railway infrastructure maintenance workers. Shift-work schedule employees were train drivers and railway wagon inspectors. Results: Us-n ing 1-way ANOVA we found the greatest percent of absenteeism in railway infrastructure maintenance workers (6,38 % ± 0,95 %), fol owed by train drivers pulatioo (4,49 % ± 1,39 %) office workers (4,23 % ± 0,58 %) and railway wagon inspec-ge p tors (3,28 % ± 0,62 %). Discussion and Conclusion: Because we didn’t have available data on the causes of absenteeism, we can about them only assume on the rking-a basis of knowledge of the working environment. In the next survey we will ask o employees about the causes of absenteeism and on the basis of the results we he wf t wil produce guidelines and recommendations for preventive action. Key words: percent of absenteeism, railway infrastructure maintenance ealth o workers, train drivers, office workers, railway wagon inspectors. Starejši v delovnem okolju pulacije | ho Older workers in the workplace ktivne p Dorjana Zerbo Šporin University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42 6310 Izola dorjana.zerbosporin@fvz.upr.si elovno a Število starejših delavcev (+65 let) se v Evropski uniji povečuje. Pričakujemo, da se bo delež starejših delavcev do leta 2020 povečal za %20. Razloga za ta porast zdravje d sta predvsem daljša delovna in življenjska doba. Staranje pomembno označujta zmanjšana telesna zmogljivost in pojav kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni. Starejšim delavcem tako v delovnem okolju predstavljajo pogosto oviro ravno obolenja gibal. Dela, ki zahtevajo visoko telesno zmogljivost, upravljanje s težkimi bremeni, številne ponavljajoče gibe telesa ter manj primerne drže telesa, so za starejše delavce še posebej zahtevna. Delovno okolje je zato potrebno prilagoditi zmogljivostim in omejitvam starejšega delavca, tako telesnim, razumskim kot socialnim. Pomembno je, da v okolju dela izpostavimo prednosti, ki jih imajo starejši delavci, kot so predajanje izkušenj, ki so jih pridobili z delom. Uporabno orodje za prilagajanje delovnega okolja starejšim delavcem, je tudi upoštevanje njihovih predlogov. Aktivna vključitev starejših delavcev v delovna okolja je pomemben vidik zdravega staranja. Ključne besede: starejši delavci; zmožnost za delo; delovno okolje The proportion of older workers (65 and over) in European Union (EU) is predicted to increase by 20% until 2020. Due to longer life expectancy and later retirement ages, the EU working population will be older than ever before. In general, aging is characterized with the decline in physical work capacity and with the presence of numerous chronic diseases. In terms of work, mainly musculoskeletal disorders should be considered. Jobs with a high physical workload, those that involve inappropriate working postures, repetitive tasks or handling heavy loads becomes especially challenging for older workers. The working environment (physical, mental, social) should be redesign to functional capa-bilities and health status of individual older worker. Particularly the strengths of older workers, such as experiences, should be utilized in the working process. A useful option on how to redesign working environment for older workers is to ask them how they would like to change and improve their work. Ac-113 tive participation in working life plays an important role to ensure healthy and active aging. ežbo Key words: older workers; work capacity; working environment del u dno Vadba na recept® pri bolnikih z astmo: predstavitev primera naro Exercise Prescription for Health® in Patients with Bronchial ed Asthma: a case report study m a z Vesna Wolf1, Andre Debruyne2, Joe Cumminskey2, Matej Kokalj Kokot3,4, Liljana encfer Ločniškar4, Aljaž Valič3,4, Ana Pajk3, Severina Štruc3, Herbert Löllgen2, Petra on Zupet1,2,3 1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isola, Slovenija kovna k 2 European Federation of Sports Medicine Association tro 3 IMS Institute for Medicine and Sports, Ljubljana, Slovenija 4 Health Center zavod Revita, Ljubljana, Slovenija a in s petra.zupet@i-ms.si Izhodišča: Cilj raziskave je bil preveriti učinke vadbe, izvajane po priporočilih nanstven 4. z Evropskega združenja za medicino športa (EFSMA), na izbrane kazalnike motoričnih sposobnosti in zdravja pri pacientu z bronhialno astmo. Metode: V pilotni del projekta je bil vključen eden bolnik z astmo (starost 66 let, ženski spol, ITM 24,2). Pred pričetkom vadbe je opravil pregled pri specialistu medicine športa in uvodne meritve (motorični testi, antropometrija, spirometrija) (UM). Bolnik je bil vključen v individualno prilagojen vadbeni proces (dvakrat tedensko po 60 min) s poudarkom na treningu moči, gibljivosti, koordinacije, stabilnosti in propriocepcije. Učinek vadbe smo vrednotili po treh (3M) in šestih mesecih (6M). Rezultati: Sorensonov test: UM 40s, 3M 170s, 6M 240s; test vstajanja s stola s 5 ponovitvami: UM 10s, 3M 9.15s , 6M 7.07s; test vstajanja s stola s 15 ponovitvami: na UM testa ni bil zmožen izvesti, 3M 27s, 6M 23s; pus-ta telesna masa: UM 46kg, 3M 46.7kg, 6M 48.1kg; mišična masa: UM 43.7kg, 3M 44.3kg, 6M 45.7kg; bazalni metabolizem: UM 1364kcal, 3M 1278kcal, 6M 422kcal. Meritve po treh in šestih mesecih niso pokazale sprememb v parametrih spiro- metrije. Razprava: S študijo primera, ki smo jo izvedli v skladu s EFSMA priporočili za telesno aktivnost pri bolniku z astmo, smo potrdili učinke vadbe na nekatere kazalnike zdravja in motorične sposobnosti. Ključne besede: astma, zdravljenje, telesna aktivnost, priporočila, vadba na recept Background: The aim of the research was to check the effects of physical activity, carried out in accordance with EFSMA recommendations (FITT Principle), on some motoric skil s and medical health indicators in a patient with bronchial asthma. Methods: Single case-study has been a part of European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA) project Exercise prescription for Health (EPH). Before treatment, the patient (age 66, female, BMI 24,2) was appointed to a sports medicine specialist for initial measurements (IM) and individualized exercise prescription. The physical training (two 60-min sessions per week) has been focused on strength, flexibility, coordination, stability and propriocep-tive training. The effects of the training have been measured after three (3M) 114 and six months (6M). Results: Sorrenson test: IM 40s, 3M 170s, 6M 240; sit and stand up test with 5 repetitions: IM 10s, 3M 9.15s, 6M 7.07s; sit and stand up test n with 15 repetitions: at IM patient was not able to perform the test, 3M 27s, 6M 23s; lean body mass: IM 46 kg, 3M 46.7, 6M 48.1 kg and muscle mass: IM 43.7 kg, pulatioo 3M 44.3, 6M 45.7 kg; basal metabolic rate: IM 1364 kcal, 3M 1378 kcal, 6M 1422 ge p kcal. Spirometry parameters have not changed during the measured period. Discussion: Results of this single-case study, carried out in accordance with EFS-rking-a MA recommendations for physical activity in patients with asthma, indicate im-o provements of medical health indicators and motoric skil s in the patient with he wf t bronchial asthma. Key words: asthma, treatment, physical activity, recommendations, exercise ealth o prescription for health. pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Zaključne misli Concluding Remarks Področje znanstveno-raziskovalnega dela Univerze na Primorskem Fakultete za vede o zdravju se večinoma usmerja k reševanju problemov današn-je družbe na področju javnega zdravja, ki jih je spodbudil nagel tehnološki razvoj in sodoben način življenja. V ospredju raziskav so dejavniki, ki predstavljajo visoko tveganje za razvoj številnih kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni in so resen zdravstveni ter družbeni problem razvitega sveta, saj zmanjšujejo kakovost življenja, delazmožnost aktivne populacije ter skrajšujejo življenjsko dobo. Od tod je sledila ideja, da bi z vsakoletno znanstveno in strokovno konferenco s področja zdravja različnih populacij na enem mestu zbrali in izpostavili sodobne pristope za zmanjševanje oz. odpravljanje dejavnikov tveganja in za krepitev zdravja. Tokrat smo se osredotočili na zdravje delovno aktivne populacije. S predstavitvijo učinkovitosti različnih interdisciplinarnih pristopov za celostno obravnavo posameznikov in populacij ter z izpostavljanjem pomena strateških načrtov za uvedbo učinkovitih intervencij s področja višanja kakovosti življenja, prehrane, zdravega življenjskega sloga, vodenja kroničnih bolezni, … si organ-izatorji in udeleženci konference želimo, da smo pripomogli k povečanju ozaveščenosti o zdravih vedenjskih navadah in možnostih preprečevanja kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni zaposlenih. izr. prof. dr. Nejc Šarabon, dekan UP FVZ The scientific and exploratory activities at the University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences primarily focus on solving the public health-related issues of the modern society, which escalated by the sudden technologi-cal development and modern lifestyle. A special emphasis is put on the factors that represent high risk for developing several chronic non-communicable diseases. These factors are a serious social problem, because they decrease the quality of life, work capacity and longevity. Whence, an idea arose to organize an annual scientific and professional conference, focusing on the health of different populations, and this way compile and disclose the modern approaches for diminishing or eliminating the risk factors and promoting health. This time, we focus on the health of the working population. By presenting the effectiveness of the various interdisciplinary approaches to holistic treatment of the individuals and the populations, and by stressing the importance of the strategical plan for introducing effective interventions for increasing quality of life, improving nutritional habits, promoting healthy lifestyle, managing chronic diseases, etc.; the organizers and the participators of the conference hope to have contributed to the awareness of healthy habits and possibilities to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sc. Nejc Šarabon Dean of the UP FHS 116 n pulatioo ge p rking-ao he wf t ealth o pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Zahvala sponzorjem dogodka Thanks to our Conference Sponsors Programski in organizacijski odbor konference se zahvaljujeta sponzorjem konference za vso podporo in sodelovanje Scientific and Organising Committee would like to thank all the sponsors whose sponsorship helps to support our conference. 118 n pulatioo ge p rking-ao he wf t ealth o pulacije | ho ktivne p elovno a zdravje d Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije / Health of the Working-Age Population 4. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca z mednarodno udeležbo, Izola, 22. september 2017 4th scientific and professional international conference, Izola, 22nd September 2017 Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo / Book of Abstracts Uredili / Edited by Ana Petelin, Nejc Šarabon and Boštjan Žvanut Recenzenti / Reviewers ■ Katarina Babnik, Urška Bogataj, Ana Petelin, Tamara Poklar Vatovec, Mirko Prosen, Patrik Pucer, Nejc Šarabon, Matej Voglar, Boštjan Žvanut Lektorica/Proofreading ■ Tea Štoka (slovenski jezik/slovene), Majda Šavle (angleški jezik/english) Oblikovanje in prelom / Design and Typesetting ■ Jonatan Vinkler Izdajatelj / Published by ■ University of Primorska Press Titov trg 4, si-6000 Koper, Koper 2017 Glavni urednik/Editor-in-Chief ■ Jonatan Vinkler Vodja založbe/Managing Editor ■ Alen Ježovnik isbn 978-961-7023-19-0 (www.hippocampus.si/isbn/978-961-7023-19-0.pdf) isbn 978-961-7023-20-6 (www.hippocampus.si/isbn/978-961-7023-20-6/index.html) isbn 978-961-7023-21-3 (printed edition) Naklada / Print run ■ 120 izvodov / copies DOI: https://doi.org/10.26493/978-961-7023-19-0 © 2017 University of Primorska Press CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 613.6(082)(0.034.2) ZDRAVJE delovno aktivne populacije [Elektronski vir] : 4. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca z mednarodno udeležbo : zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo = Health of the working population : 4th scientific and professional international conference : book of abstracts / [uredili Ana Petelin, Nejc Šarabon, Boštjan Žvanut]. - El. knjiga. - Koper : University of Primorska Press, 2017 Način dostopa (URL): http://www.hippocampus.si/isbn/978-961-7023-19-0.pdf Način dostopa (URL): http://www.hippocampus.si/isbn/978-961-7023-20-6/index.html ISBN 978-961-7023-19-0 (pdf) ISBN 978-961-7023-20-6 (html) 1. Vzp. stv. nasl. 2. Petelin, Ana, 1978- 290924288 Document Outline Petelin, Ana, Nejc Šarabon, Boštjan Žvanut, eds. 2017. Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije ▪︎ Health of the Working-Age Population. Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo ▪︎ Book of Abstracts. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press (naslovnica/Front Cover) Petelin, Ana, Nejc Šarabon, Boštjan Žvanut, eds. 2017. Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije ▪︎ Health of the Working-Age Population. Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo ▪︎ Book of Abstracts. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press (naslovna stran/Title Page) Vsebina ▪︎ Content Uvodne misli ▪︎ Preface Vabljeni predavatelji ▪︎ Invited Lecturers Program konference ▪︎ Conference Programme Konferenčni prispevki ▪︎ Conference Abstracts Plenarna predavanja ▪︎ Invited Lectures Sekcija/Section: Duševno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije ▪︎ Mental Health of the Working Population Sekcija/Section: Uporaba informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije na področju javnega zdravja ▪︎ Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Public Health Sekcija/Section: Družbeni izzivi ohranjanja zdravja žensk Societal ▪︎ Challenges of Maintaining Women‘s Health Sekcija/Section: Problemi in izzivi v prehrani delovno aktivne populacije ▪︎ Problems and Challenges in the Nutrition of the Working-Age Population Sekcija/Section: Telesna (ne)aktivnost in njen pomen za mišično-skeletno in kardio-metabolno zdravje delovno aktivne populacije ▪︎ Physical (In)activity and its Role in Musculoskeletal and Cardio-metabolic Health of the Working-Age Population Zaključne misli ▪︎ Concluding Remarks Zahvala sponzorjem dogodka ▪︎ Thanks to our Conference Sponsors Kolofon ▪︎ Colophone