ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA
SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, JUNIJ 2020 Vol. 28, øt./No. 1
PRIRODOSLOVNI MUZEJ SLOVENIJE
SLOVENSKO ENTOMOLOØKO DRUØTVO
ØTEFANA MICHIELIJA
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
Revija Slovenskega entomoloøkega druøtva Øtefana Michielija 
in Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije
Izhaja dvakrat letno / Issued twice a year
ISSN 1318-1998
CODEN: AESLFM
UDC (UDK) 595.7(051)
© Acta entomologica slovenica
Izdajatelja / Publishers
Slovensko entomoloøko druøtvo Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije
Øtefana Michielija Preøernova 20, p.p. 290
Bioloøko srediøœe – SI-1001 Ljubljana
Nacionalni inøtitut za biologijo
Veœna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana
Uredniøki odbor / Editorial Board
dr. Martin Baehr (München), dr. Boæidar Drovenik (Ljubljana), dr. Werner Holzinger (Graz),
prof. dr. Mladen Kuœiniå (Zagreb), prof. dr. Joæe Maœek (Ljubljana), 
dr. Carlo Morandini (Udine), dr. Ignac Sivec (Ljubljana), prof. dr. Stanislav Trdan, 
dr. Tomi Trilar (Ljubljana), dr. Rudi Verovnik (Ljubljana), 
Æarko Vrezec (tehn. urednik/Techn. Editor)
Urednik / Editor
dr. Andrej Gogala
Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije
Preøernova 20, p.p. 290, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
E-mail: agogala@pms-lj.si
letnik/Vol. 28, øt./No. 1, 2020
Tisk / Printed by: Trajanus, d.o.o., Kranj
Ljubljana, junij 2020
http://www.pms-lj.si/si/o-nas/arhiv-publikacij/acta-entomologica-slovenica
Povzeto v / To be abstracted in: The Zoological Record, CAB Abstracts
Revijo dobivajo œlani Slovenskega entomoloøkega druøtva Øtefana Michielija 
(œlanarina 20 EUR)
Cena posamezne øtevilke je 8,50 EUR
Zamenjava je zaæeljena / Exchanges appreciated
Publikacija je natisnjena s pomoœjo Javne agencije za raziskovalno dejavnost R Slovenije.
Uredniøko delo podpira Ministrstvo za kulturo R Slovenije.
Vsebina / Contents
Ž. Predovnik: revidiran seznam steklokrilcev (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Slovenije
revised checklist of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) of Slovenia .......5
A. GoGALA, d. vAdnjAL, M. kASteLic: Four species of Heteroptera new 
to the fauna of Slovenia
Štiri vrste stenic (Heteroptera), nove v favni Slovenije .....................................15
A. Đukić, i. BoLeSnikov: Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider 1845) 
(re)discovered in Serbia (odonata: Aeschnidae)
Ponovno odkritje bledega vetrnjaka Caliaeschna microstigma
(Schneider 1845) v Srbiji (odonata: Aeshnidae) ...............................................21
M. PuŠkArić, S. krčMAr: new records of horse-flies (diptera: tabanidae) along 
neretva river valley and cetina river in dalmatia (southern croatia)
nove najdbe obadov (diptera: tabanidae) v dolini neretve in ob reki 
cetini v dalmaciji (južna Hrvaška) ....................................................................29
L. ŠturM: contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: 
Papilionoidea) of Gran canaria (canary islands, Spain)
Prispevek k poznavanju favne metuljev (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) 
otoka Gran canaria (kanarski otoki, Španija) ...................................................43
FAvniStični zAPiSki / FAuniSticAL noteS
B. koFLer: zanimive najdbe vrste Lilioceris tibialis villa & villa, 1838 
v Sloveniji (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: criocerinae)
interesting findings of the species Lilioceris tibialis in Slovenia 
(coleoptera: chrysomelidae: criocerinae).........................................................55
L. dvořák, A. nAHirnić, d. devetAk: the first record of Panorpa rufostigma
Westwood, 1846 from north Macedonia (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Prva najdba škorpijonke Panorpa rufostigma Westwood, 1846 
v Severni Makedoniji (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) ................................................59
M. vujić, t. koren: Criorhina floccosa (Meigen, 1822), a new hoverfly 
(diptera: Syrphidae) in the fauna of croatia
Criorhina floccosa (Meigen, 1822), nova muha trepetavka 
(diptera: Syrphidae) v favni Hrvaške.................................................................65
M. de Groot, d. jAnević: Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794) 
(diptera: Syrphidae), a new hoverfly species in Slovenia
Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794) (diptera: Syrphidae), 
nova vrsta muhe trepetavke v Sloveniji..............................................................71
M. vujić, ivan tot: Brachyopa bimaculosa doczkal & dziock 2004 
and Callicera fagesii Guérin-Méneville, 1844, two new hoverflies 
(diptera: Syrphidae) in the fauna of Serbia
Brachyopa bimaculosa doczkal & dziock 2004 in Callicera fagesii
Guérin-Méneville, 1844, dve novi muhi trepetavki (diptera: Syrphidae) 
v favni Srbije........................................................................................................75
Navodila avtorjem
Acta entomologica slovenica je glasilo Slovenskega entomološkega društva Štefana
Michielija in Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije. objavlja izvirna znanstvena dela,
pregledne članke in ocene knjig s področja entomologije. članki lahko obravnavajo
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Pisani naj bodo v slovenskem ali angleškem jeziku, z obveznim angleškim in
slovenskim izvlečkom. članki so strokovno recenzirani. Letno izideta dve številki.
Avtorje prosimo, da se pri oblikovanju člankov zgledujejo po zadnji številki revije.
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Avtorji člankov dobijo članek v elektronski obliki.
Instructions to authors
Acta entomologica slovenica is the journal of the Slovenian entomological Society
Štefan Michieli and the Slovene Museum of natural History. it publishes original
scientific works, overview articles, and book reviews in the field of entomology.
Articles may deal with faunistics, systematics, ecology, etology, physiology, or
zoogeography of insects. they may be written in Slovene or english, with abstracts
in english and Slovene (the editors will ensure translations into Slovene). All articles
are reviewed. two issues are published a year.
We ask all authors to model the layout of their manuscripts on a previous issue of
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references should be listed at the end of the article in the alphabetical order of the
authors’ names. 
electronic version of the article will be sent to the Authors.
REVIDIRAN SEZNAM STEKLOKRILCEV 
(LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) SLOVENIJE
Željko Predovnik
ob železnici 82, 3313 Polzela, Slovenia, e-mail: predovnik1@gmail.com
Izvleček – na osnovi lastnih večletnih raziskav favne steklorilcev v obdobju 1998
– 2019 ter podatkov iz muzejskih zbirk, sem pripravil nov revidiran seznam stek-
lokrilcev Slovenije, kjer sem z najdbami zanesljivo potrdil skupno 44 vrst. navajam
komentarje k vrstam, ki jih, zaradi pomanjkljivih literaturnih navedb in odsotnosti
dokaznega materiala, v nov seznam nisem vključil. razpravljam tudi o vrstah, ki so
prisotne v favnah sosednjih dežel in jih pri nas morda lahko pričakujemo. revidiran
seznam steklokrilcev Slovenije je usklajen z najnovejšimi taksonomskimi spremem-
bami v evropi.
ključne beSede: lepidoptera, Sesiidae, Slovenija, seznam vrst, favna.
Abstract – reviSed CHeCkliST oF CleArWinG MoTHS (lePidoPTerA:
SeSiidAe) oF SloveniA
based on own research of the fauna of clearwing moths in the period 1998 –
2019, as well as data from museums collections, a new revised list of clearwing
moths of Slovenia is presented, whereby a total of 44 species have been reliably
confirmed. Comments are given on species that were not included in the new list due
to insufficient references and lack of material evidence. i also discuss species that are
present in the fauna of neighboring countries and may be expected in Slovenia. The
revised list of clearwing moths of Slovenia is in line with recent changes in taxonomy
in europe.
key WordS: lepidoptera, Sesiidae, Slovenia, checklist, fauna.
Uvod
kljub dolgi in razviti entomološki tradiciji je zgodovinskih najdb steklokrilcev,
v primerjavi z ostalimi metulji v Sloveniji, malo. Že eden prvih priznanih razisko-
5
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, JUNIJ 2020                      Vol. 28, øt. 1: 5–14
valcev j.A. Scopoli, je pri nas našel in opisal vrsto Bembecia scopigera (Scopoli,
1763), ki ostaja edina vrsta steklokrilca s tipsko lokaliteto v Sloveniji (Predovnik,
2003). 
Prvi spisek slovenskih steklokrilcev smo dobili s Seznamom velikih metuljev
kranjske, ki ga je objavil ivan Hafner v letih 1909-1912, kjer navaja 15 vrst. naslednji
pomemben spisek 23 vrst steklokrilcev je v novejšem času sestavil v svojem rdečem
seznamu makrolepidopterov Slovenije dr. jan Carnelutti (1992a). v novejšem seznamu
omenjene družine za evropsko favno (laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001) je zajetih 41 vrst
za Slovenijo (Predovnik, 2003). Število pri nas na novo odkritih vrst je od tedaj še
narastlo (Predovnik, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2012, 2017). v seznamu malih metuljčkov
Slovenije lesar in Govedič (2010) navajata 45 vrst steklokrilcev. 
najnovejši revidiran seznam steklokrilcev Slovenije temelji na preko 9000 najdbah
steklokrilcev na ozemlju Slovenije v njenih sedanjih političnih mejah. veliko večino
teh podatkov sem zbral na terenskih raziskavah, zlasti s pomočjo novejših in učinko-
vitejših favnističnih metod, kot je uporaba feromonov in feromonskih pasti (Predovnik,
2012, 2014, 2017). 
Pregledal sem ves maloštevilen razpoložljiv material steklokrilcev, shranjen v
starih zbirkah, v Prirodoslovnem muzeju v ljubljani (PMSl), v študijski zbirki v
ljubljani (Predovnik, 2003) in v notranjskem muzeju v Postojni. na tujem sem pre-
gledal muzejske zbirke s steklokrilci v Hrvaškem prirodoslovnem muzeju v Zagrebu,
v Mestnem muzeju varaždin (Predovnik, 2010) in v koprivnici (Hrvaška), ter zbirki
steklokrilcev v muzeju Witt v Münchnu (nemčija) in v naravoslovnem muzeju na
dunaju (Avstrija). Pregledal sem material v zasebnih zbirkah: jože Ahtik, jože broder,
Stanislav Gomboc, Andrej kapla, Mojmir lasan in jurij rekelj.
vsaka od naštetih vrst v seznamu je predstavljena z zanesljivim virom. Sestematika
je povzeta po delu laštůvke in laštůvke (2001) The Sesiidae of europe in seznamu
steklokrilcev sveta (Pühringer in kallies, 2004), nadgrajenega 28. 1. 2017.
Rezultati in diskusija
Pennisetiini naumann, 1971
Pennisetia dehne, 1850
1. Pennisetia hylaeiformis (laspeyres, 1801)
Predovnik, 2003
2. Pennisetia bohemica králíček & Povolný, 1974
Predovnik, 2002
Sesiini boisduval, 1828 
Sesia Fabricius, 1775 
3. Sesia apiformis (Clerck, 1759)
Predovnik, 2003
4. Sesia bembeciformis (Hübner, [1806])
Slovenija, karavanke, Hrušica, 650 m, 22.3.2003, ostanki kokona v Salix sp.,
leg. Predovnik.
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
6
Eusphecia le Cerf, 1937
5. Eusphecia melanocephala (dalman, 1816)
Predovnik, 2001
Paranthrenini niculescu, 1964
Paranthrene Hübner, [1819]
6. Paranthrene tabaniformis (rottemburg, 1775)
Predovnik, 2003
7. Paranthrene insolita polonica Schnaider, 1939
Predovnik, 2001 (kot Paranthrene insolita, le Cerf, 1914)
Synanthedonini niculescu, 1964 
Synanthedon Hübner, [1819]
8. Synanthedon scoliaeformis (borkhausen, 1789)
Predovnik, 2008
9. Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846)
Predovnik, 2012
10. Synanthedon spheciformis ([denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
Predovnik, 2003
11. Synanthedon stomoxiformis (Hübner, 1790)
Predovnik, 2003
12. Synanthedon culiciformis (linnaeus, 1758)
Predovnik, 2003
13. Synanthedon formicaeformis (esper, 1783)
Predovnik, 2003
14. Synanthedon flaviventris (Staudinger, 1883)
Predovnik, 2002
15. Synanthedon andrenaeformis (laspeyres, 1801)
Štanta, 2000
16. Synanthedon soffneri Špatenka, 1983
Predovnik, 2005
17. Synanthedon melliniformis (laspeyres, 1801)
Predovnik, 2001
18. Synanthedon myopaeformis (borkhausen, 1789)
Predovnik, 2003
19. Synanthedon vespiformis (linnaeus, 1761)
Predovnik, 2003
20. Synanthedon theryi le Cerf, 1916
Predovnik, 2017
21. Synanthedon conopiformis (esper, 1782)
Slovenija, Apaško polje, Spodnje konjišče (gmajna ob reki Muri), 223 m,
1.11.2015, gosenice v lesu Quercus sp., leg. Predovnik.
22. Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck, 1759)
Predovnik, 2003
Æeljko Predovnik: Revidiran seznam steklokrilcev (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Slovenije
7
23. Synanthedon spuleri (Fuchs, 1908)
Predovnik, 2001
24. Synanthedon loranthi (králíček, 1966)
Predovnik, 2001
25. Synanthedon cephiformis (ochsenheimer, 1808)
Slovenija, kum, Stajica (dolina Sopote), 690 m, 27.11.2006, gosenice, stare iz-
letne odprtine v lesu Abies alba l., leg. Predovnik.
Bembecia Hübner, [1819] 
26. Bembecia ichneumoniformis ([denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
Predovnik, 2003
27. Bembecia albanensis (rebel, 1918)
Predovnik, 2001
28. Bembecia pavicevici Toševski, 1989
Predovnik, 2001
29. Bembecia scopigera (Scopoli, 1763)
Predovnik, 2001
30. Bembecia megillaeformis (Hübner, [1813])
Predovnik, 2001
31. Bembecia himmighoffeni (Staudinger, 1866)
Predovnik, 2005
32. Bembecia uroceriformis (Treitschke, 1834)
Predovnik, 2001
Pyropteron newman, 1832
33. Pyropteron chrysidiformis (esper, 1782)
Slovenija, koprsko primorje, Gažon, baredi (Sv. donat), 220 m, 19.6.2004, 8♂,
feromonske vabe, leg. et coll. Predovnik.
34. Pyropteron triannuliformis (Freyer, 1843)
Predovnik, 2003
35. Pyropteron affinis (Staudinger, 1856)
Slovenija, kraški rob, Zanigrad, 195 m, 9.6.2004, 2♂, feromonske vabe, leg.
Predovnik.
Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910
36. Chamaesphecia schmidtiiformis (Freyer, 1836)
Predovnik, 2002
37. Chamaesphecia aerifrons (Zeller, 1847)
Predovnik, 2002
38. Chamaesphecia doleriformis colpiformis (Staudinger, 1856)
Predovnik, 2005
39. Chamaesphecia dumonti le Cerf, 1922
Predovnik, 2001
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
8
40. Chamaesphecia nigrifrons (le Cerf, 1911)
Predovnik, 2005
41. Chamaesphecia euceraeformis (ochsenheimer, 1816)
Slovenija, kraški rob, Zanigrad, 195 m, 9.6.2004, 2♂, feromonske vabe, leg. et
coll. Predovnik.
42. Chamaesphecia hungarica (Tomala, 1901)
Predovnik, 2002
43. Chamaesphecia empiformis (esper, 1783)
Predovnik, 2003
44. Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ([denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
Predovnik, 2001
iz revidiranega seznama steklokrilcev sem izločil vrste, ki so znane za Slovenijo
zgolj po dvomljivih literaturnih navedbah in brez konkretnih podatkov. izločenih
vrst nismo uspeli potrditi z nobeno konkretno najdbo na terenu, niti z dokaznim ma-
terialom v muzejskih ali zasebnih zbirkah. Zato lahko s precejšnjo gotovostjo dom-
nevamo, da gre zgolj za domneve o njihovi navzočnosti na ozemlju Slovenije. 
Microsphecia tineiformis (esper, [1789])
Špatenka s sod., 1999; laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001; Pühringer, 2016 (na spletu).
Microsphecia brosiformis (Hübner, [1813])
laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001; Pühringer, 2016 (na spletu).
Pyropteron muscaeformis (esper, 1783)
Hoffmann in klos, 1914-1923; Carnelutti, 1971; Carnelutti, 1992a; Pühringer, 1997;
lesar in Habeler 2005; lesar in Habeler 2007; lesar in Govedič 2010.
Pyropteron leucomelaena (Zeller, 1847)
Hafner, 1909-1912; Forster in Wohlfahrt, 1960; Carnelutti, 1992a; Špatenka s sod.,
1999; laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001; lesar in Govedič, 2010; Pühringer, 2016 (na
spletu).
Chamaesphecia chalciformis (esper, [1804])
Stauder, 1929-1933; Carnelutti, 1971; Carnelutti, 1992a.
Chamaesphecia masariformis (ochsenheimer, 1808)
Špatenka s sod., 1999; laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001; Pühringer, 2016 (na spletu).
Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (esper, 1800)
Špatenka s sod., 1999; laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001; Pühringer, 2016 (na spletu).
Chamaesphecia astatiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846)
laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001; Z. laštůvka, 2012 (na spletu), Pühringer, 2016 (na
spletu).
Æeljko Predovnik: Revidiran seznam steklokrilcev (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Slovenije
9
iz seznama izločene vrste in vrste, ki jih literatura ne navaja, vendar so potencialno
lahko prisotne v Sloveniji (B. puella, Ch. annellata, Ch. leucopsiformis), sem uvrstil
v dve skupini. Prvo skupino sestavljajo vrste, ki so po avtorjevem mnenju pričakovane
za Slovenijo in se pri nas verjetno nahajajo kot redke in izjemno lokalno razširjene.
Zanje je značilno, da so razširjene v vseh ali v večini sosednjih držav in pri nas
najdemo tudi potencialno primerne habitate s hranilnimi rastlinami gosenic in ustrez-
nimi klimatskimi pogoji. druga skupina je sestavljena iz vrst, ki jih v Sloveniji le
težko pričakujemo, bodisi zaradi redkosti v sosednjih državah, morda neustreznih
klimatskih razmer ali odsotnosti poznanih hranilnih rastlin gosenic pri nas. 
Prva skupina:
Pyropteron muscaeformis (esper, 1783)
vrsto so našli v italiji (bella s sod., 2017), Avstriji (Pühringer, 1997), na
Madžarskem (Fazekas, 2017) in Hrvaškem (Z. laštůvka, 2012, na spletu). Pri nas jo
lahko pričakujemo na kakšnem od rastišč potencialnih hranilnih rastlin gosenic,
alpskega pečnika (Armeria alpina Willd.) na visokogorskih travnikih, pašnikih in
meliščih Alp in karavank.
Pyropteron leucomelaena (Zeller, 1847) 
vrsta je razširjena v italiji (bella s sod., 2017) in na Hrvaškem (Toševski, 1986).
najdemo jo predvsem na termofilnih, ruderalnih rastiščih hranilih rastlin gosenic -
male strašnice (Sanguisorba minor Scop.) in krvavordeče krvomočnice (Geranium
sanguineum l.). Pri nas bi jo lahko našli kot izjemno lokalno in redko v priobalnem
delu Primorske ali na krasu. 
Chamaesphecia masariformis (ochsenheimer, 1808)
vrsto so našli v italiji (bella s sod., 2017), Avstriji (Pühringer, 1997), na
Madžarskem (Fazekas, 2017) in na Hrvaškem (Predovnik, 2003). je pričakovana
vrsta predvsem na krasu in v priobalnem delu Primorske. Potencialna nahajališča
predstavljajo ruderalna, dobro osončena mesta s hranilnimi rastlinami gosenic, ki so
lučniki (Verbascum spp.) in pasja črnobina (Scrophularia canina l.).
Chamaesphecia leucopsiformis (esper, 1800)
vrsta je zelo lokalno razširjena v italiji (bella s sod., 2017), Avstriji (Pühringer,
1997) in na Hrvaškem (kranjčev 1995; Predovnik in kranjčev, neobjavljeni podatki).
Pogostejša je na Madžarskem (Fazekas, 2017). Hranilna rastlina gosenic je cipresasti
mleček (Euphorbia cyparissias l.), ki je pri nas razširjen po celi državi. vrsta lahko
naseljuje zelo majhne površine in jo pričakujemo kot zelo lokalno razširjeno tudi v
Sloveniji.
Druga skupina:
Microsphecia tineiformis (esper, [1789])
je izrazito toploljubna vrsta, ki naseljuje zelo različna življenjska okolja. najdemo
jo celo sredi kampov in naselij, povsod tam, kjer raste hranilna rastlina gosenic -
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
10
njivski slak (Convolvulus arvensis l.). našli so jo v italiji (bella s sod., 2017) in na
Hrvaškem (laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001). Samci radi priletijo na različne tipe fero-
monov in po podatkih avtorja tudi v feromonske pasti. vzrok, da vrste nismo našli
pri nas in tudi ne v hrvaški istri, domnevno leži v neustreznih klimatskih razmerah
severnega jadrana. 
Microsphecia brosiformis (Hübner, [1813]) 
vzhodna vrsta, prisotna na Madžarskem (Fazekas, 2017) in na jugu Hrvaške (la-
štůvka in laštůvka, 2001). nam najbližje sem jo našel šele v okolici veszpréma
(Predovnik, 2018). Hranilna rastlina gosenic je njivski slak (C. arvensis) (laštůvka
in laštůvka, 2001). 
Paranthrene diaphana dalla Torre & Strand, 1925
vrsta je lokalno razširjena na Hrvaškem (Z. laštůvka, 2012, na spletu; Predovnik
in kranjčev, neobjavljeni podatki). Med hranilne rastline gosenic spadajo razne vrste
vrb (Salix spp.) in topolov (Populus spp.), zlasti bela vrba (Salix alba l.) in beli topol
(Populus alba l.) (Špatenka s sod., 1999). Pregledi potencialno primernih habitatov
(Šturmovci, vrbovja ob reki dravi pri Središču ob dravi) pri nas zaenkrat niso bili
uspešni.
Bembecia puella Z. laštůvka, 1989 
vrsta je znana iz sosednje Madžarske (Fazekas, 2017). Pri nas bi lahko bila lokalno
razširjena na rastiščih hranilne rastline gosenic - sladkega grahovca (Astragalus gly-
cyphyllos l.), predvsem v vzhodnem delu Slovenije (Haloze, kozjansko).
Chamaesphecia chalciformis (esper, [1804]) 
To lepo vzhodnomediteransko vrsto so kot lokalno in redko našli na vzhodu
Avstrije (Pühringer, 1997) in na Madžarskem (Fazekas, 2017). navajajo jo tudi za
jug Hrvaške (laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001). navedbe za italijo (bertaccini in Fiumi,
2002) so dvomljive (bella s sod., 2017), ravno tako za Hrvaško istro (Predovnik,
2010). Zaradi velike podobnosti so možne zamenjave s sorodno vrsto Ch. schmidtii-
forms, ki je pri nas razširjena na obali in na območju kraškega roba. Morda bi vrsto
kot lokalno in redko lahko našli na kakšnem od rastišč origana (Origanum vulgare
l.) v vzhodni Sloveniji (Haloze, kozjansko).
Chamaesphecia doleriformis doleriformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846)
vrsta je razširjena v Grčiji, vzdolž dalmatinske obale do Hrvaške istre in v italiji.
Hranilne rastline gosenic so različne vrste kadulj (Salvia spp.), med njimi muškatna
kadulja (S. sclarea l.) in S. verbenaca Wild. (Špatenka s sod., 1999). Pri nas je vrsta po-
tencialno možna kot izjemno lokalna in redka v priobalnem delu Primorske ali na krasu. 
Chamaesphecia annellata (Zeller, 1847) 
vzhodna vrsta, ki so jo našli v Avstriji (Pühringer, 1997) in na Madžarskem (Fa-
zekas, 2017). najbližje Sloveniji sem jo našel v okolici blatenskega kostela (keszt-
Æeljko Predovnik: Revidiran seznam steklokrilcev (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Slovenije
11
hely) na blatnem jezeru (Predovnik, 2018) in pri osijeku, kot pogosto na raznolikih,
predvsem ruderalnih habitatih, kjer rastejo hranilne rastline gosenic - črne lahkotnice
(Ballota nigra l.) (Predovnik in kranjčev, neobjavljeni podatki). kljub potencialno
primernim habitatom (lendavske Gorice, okolica krškega, kraški rob) vrste pri nas
in na severozahodu Hrvaške še vedno nisem potrdil. 
Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (esper, 1800) 
nam najbližje sem vrsto našel v okolici blatenskega kostela (keszthely) na Mad-
žarskem (neobjavljeni podatki). vrsto in hranilno rastlino gosenic so našli na južnem
Tirolskem v italiji in v Avstriji (Pühringer, 1997), znana je tudi za Hrvaško (kučinić
s sod., 1997; laštůvka in laštůvka, 2001). Gosenice se v srednjeevropskem prostoru
in na balkanu hranijo v koreninah mlečka vrste Euphorbia seguieriana neck., ki v
Sloveniji ne raste (Frajman in jogan, 2007). Samci radi priletijo na različne feromone
in po podatkih avtorja (Predovnik, 2018) tudi v feromonske pasti. 
Chamaesphecia astatiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) 
To stepsko vrsto so našli na vzhodu Avstrije (Pühringer, 1997) in na Madžarskem
(Fazekas, 2017), na rastiščih rastline Euphorbia esula l., ki ponekod ni redka.
najbližje Sloveniji sem jo našel v okolici veszpréma, na blatnem jezeru (balaton)
(Predovnik, 2018). Pri nas je potencialno možna na vzhodu države, na mogočih za-
platah rastišč hranilne rastline.  
kot zanimivost naj omenim danes že zelo ogroženo vrsto steklokrilca Chamae-
sphecia palustris kautz, 1927, ki je prisotna v vseh sosednjih deželah. Zanjo iz Slo-
venije ni zgodovinskih ali pisnih in materialnih dokazov. Glede na mogočo prisotnost
močvirskega mlečka (Euphorbia palustris l.) v Sloveniji pa je mogoče, da je bila
nekoč prisotna tudi pri nas. Močvirski mleček danes spada med izumrle vrste v Slo-
veniji (Frajman in jogan, 2007). kljub vsemu ostaja upanje, da v prihodnje, v kateri
od starih, še nepreverjenih muzejskih zbirk v tujini, morda potrdimo kak primerek te
lepe vrste steklokrilca. 
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13
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– Clearwings moths. Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. vol. 1. GeM
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Pridobljeno 23.3.2020 s http://www.sesiidae.net/sesidist.htm.    
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(Freyer, 1836) and Chamaesphecia doleriformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) and
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Prejeto / Received: 27. 2. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
14
FOUR SPECIES OF HETEROPTERA 
NEW TO THE FAUNA OF SLOVENIA
Andrej GoGAlA1, Duša VADnjAl2 & Miroslav KAstelic3
1 Prirodoslovni muzej slovenije, Prešernova 20, p.p. 290, si - 1001 ljubljana; 
e-mail: agogala@pms-lj.si
2 Generala levičnika 46h, si - 6000 Koper 
3 cesta na Markovec 3, si - 6000 Koper 
Abstract – Four species of Heteroptera were detected in slovenia for the first time,
all in the vicinity of Koper: Camptotylus yersini (Mulsant & Rey) (Miridae), Calli-
stodema fasciata (Kolenati) (Reduviidae), Metacanthus meridionalis (A. costa) (Be-
rytidae) and Chorosoma schillingii (schilling) (Rhopalidae). they were photographed
in the field and in one case collected afterwards.
Key woRDs: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, introduced species, fauna, slovenia
Izvleček – ŠtiRi VRste stenic (HeteRoPteRA), noVe V FAVni sloVe-
nije
Štiri vrste podreda Heteroptera so bile prvič najdene v sloveniji, vse v okolici Ko-
pra: Camptotylus yersini (Mulsant & Rey) (Miridae), Callistodema fasciata (Kolenati)
(Reduviidae), Metacanthus meridionalis (A. costa) (Berytidae) in Chorosoma schil-
lingii (schilling) (Rhopalidae). na terenu smo jih fotografirali in v enem primeru
pozneje tudi ujeli.
Ključne BeseDe: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, vnešene vrste, favna, slovenija
Introduction
During the years 2018 and 2019, four species of Heteroptera not known from slo-
venia before were photographed in the field. two of them live on the Tamarix bushes
and are introduced species like their plant host. the other two were long expected in
slovenia as they are present in neighbouring countries. specimens of one of them
were also collected and are preserved in the collection of the slovenian museum of
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LJUBLJANA, JUNIJ 2020                    Vol. 28, øt. 1: 15–21
natural History in ljubljana (PMsl). the indentifications of the other three species
were possible from the photographs without doubt.
List of species
Miridae
Camptotylus yersini (Mulsant & Rey, 1856)
Koper, Škocjanski zatok, utM: Vl04, 23. 9. 2018 on Tamarix, photo Miroslav
Kastelic
A characteristic colour pattern distinguishes this member of the Phylini tribe
and enable identification from the photograph. Camptotylus species are recognizable
mirids for having one dark rounded spot in the radial part of the corium; the heme-
lytra are green in color; Articles 3 and 4 of the rostrum are enlarged compared to
the first and second. Four black rings on the second antennal segment differentiate
Camptotylus yersini from other species in the same genus (wagner 1973). it is a
Mediterranean species, distributed in southern europe (France, italy and spain),
northern Africa, Middle east and central Asia (Kerzhner & josifov 1999). it lives
on Tamarix species (tamaricaceae) and was found and photographed on this plant
also in slovenia. tamarisks are not native on the slovenian coast, they are planted
as ornamentals or expand further from such plants. insects obligately dependent of
them were thus also introduced, most probably together with the plant material, or
they spread along the Mediterranean coast by themselves as tamarisks are present
in many places. the record in Koper is the northernmost in the range of Camptotylus
yersini. the nearest known locality is in Goro (italy, Ferrara) on the opposite side
of the Adriatic sea (Dioli 1995).
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
16
Fig. 1: Camptotylus yersini (Mulsant & Rey) on Tamarix in Škocjanski zatok
near Koper, photo M. Kastelic
Reduviidae
Callistodema fasciata (Kolenati, 1857)
Koper, Škocjanski zatok, Vl04, 8. 8. 2019 on Tamarix, 1 nymph, photo M. Kastelic,
29. 8. 2019, 1 nymph, photo M. Kastelic, 30. 8. 2019, 1 nymph, photo M. Kastelic, 2.
9. 2019, 1 nymph, photo M. Kastelic, 5. 9. 2019, 1 nymph, photo M. Kastelic, 10. 9.
2019 on Tamarix, 1♂, photo D. Vadnjal, 1♀, photo M. Kastelic, 11. 9. 2019, 1 freshly
molted adult, photo D. Vadnjal, 13. 9. 2019, 1 nymph, photo D. Vadnjal, 15. 9. 2019,
1 nymph, photo D. Vadnjal, 21. 9. 2019, 1 freshly molted adult, photo M. Kastelic
Harpactorine assassin bug strictly bound to Tamarix bushes where it feeds on small
Auchenorrhyncha and Heteroptera (Miridae like Tuponia and lygaeidae – Artheneis)
(Putshkov & Moulet 2009). the red and black colour pattern of adults reminds of Lygaeus
and Spilostethus species (lygaeidae). nymphs that do not fly have a camouflage appearance
among the leaves of the tamarisk (Fig. 2). Adults have instead aposematic colours like the
poisonous lygaeidae, e.g. Lygaeus and Spilostethus, to be safer from predators (Fig.3). 
Callistodema fasciata is an east Mediterranean species, distributed from Greece
to turkey, Dagestan (Russia), Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaidjan and iran (Putshkov
P.V. & V.G. 1996, Putshkov & Moulet 2009). the locality on the slovenian coast is
far away from the known distribution but at the port of Koper, a possible spot of in-
troduction. warmer climate of recent years enable such southern species to survive
far north to their native range.
Berytidae
Metacanthus meridionalis (A. costa, 1843)
Koper, Škocjanski zatok, Vl04, 3. 6. 2019 on Epilobium hirsutum, 1♀, photo
Duša Vadnjal, 3. 8. 2019, 2♂1♀, Duša Vadnjal leg., PMsl
Andrej Gogala, Duøa Vadnjal, Miroslav Kastelic: Four species of Heteroptera new to the fauna of Slovenia
17
Fig. 2: Callistodema fasciata (Kolenati) nymph on Tamarix in Škocjanski zatok
near Koper, photo M. Kastelic
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
18
Fig. 4: Metacanthus meridionalis (A. costa) female in Škocjanski zatok near
Koper, photo D. Vadnjal
Fig. 3: Callistodema fasciata (Kolenati) female on Tamarix in Škocjanski zatok
near Koper, photo M. Kastelic
north Mediterranean and Pontic species, living on Epilobium species (onagraceae)
(Péricart 1984). its main foodplant is Epilobium hirsutum, confirmed also in slovenia.
its presence was expected as it is distributed in neighbouring countries. it was found
also in Gorizia, at the border between italy and slovenia (Péricart 1984).
Rhopalidae
Chorosoma schillingii (schilling, 1829)
Koper, Dekani, Vl04, 12. 8. 2018, 1♀, photo Duša Vadnjal, 20. 8. 2018, 1♂1♀,
photo Miroslav Kastelic, 5. 9. 2018, 1♀, photo Duša Vadnjal
european species feeding predominantly on various Poaceae (Moulet 1995). it
was expected in slovenia as it is present in all neighbouring countries. Another
species present in europe, Chorosoma gracile josifov 1968, is similar, but distributed
only in the Pannonian part of central europe. it is unlikely to be present near the
Adriatic coast. the identification is proved also by long pilosity of the hind tibiae,
characteristic for Ch. schillingii and evident on the photographs.
Andrej Gogala, Duøa Vadnjal, Miroslav Kastelic: Four species of Heteroptera new to the fauna of Slovenia
19
Fig. 5: Chorosoma schillingii (schilling) female in Dekani near Koper, photo D.
Vadnjal
Conclusions
All four species new to the country have been found in the slovenian part of
istria, region with the warmest climate in slovenia and where species which expand
their distribution ranges due to climate change are expected to appear. two species,
Metacanthus meridionalis and Chorosoma schillingii may have been overlooked
before as they are present in neighbouring countries. two species which live exclusi-
vely on Tamarix, however, most probably colonized the slovenian locality near
Koper only in recent times. in the same locality other Heteroptera species were found
on the Tamarix bushes before: Tuponia hippophaes (Fieber, 1861), Tuponia mixticolor
(A. costa, 1862) and Megalodactylus macularubra (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) (Gogala
2006). they were collected by the first author in the year 2000 during survey of the
Škocjanski zatok, area provided for conservation. Camptotylus yersini and Callisto-
dema fasciata were not detected then. the latter seems to be quite numerous now as
it was photographed on many visits to the area, first as nymphs and in september
finally as adults.
References
Dioli, P., 1995: eterotteri del Ferrarese. 1. la fauna terrestre (Heteroptera cimico-
morpha et Pentatomorpha). Quaderni della Stazione Ecologica del Civico Museo
di Storia naturale di Ferrara, 8: 7-49.
Gogala, A., 2006: Heteroptera of slovenia, iii: Miridae. Annales, Annals for Istrian
and Mediterranean Studies, Series historia naturalis, 16 (1): 77-112. 
Kerzhner, I.M., M. Josifov, 1999: Miridae. in: Aukema, B., chr. Rieger: catalogue
of Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, Vol. 3: cimicomorpha ii. the nether-
lands entomological society, Amsterdam, 576 pp.
Moulet, P., 1995: Hémiptères coreoidea (coreidae, Rhopalidae, Alydidae) Pyrrho-
coridae, stenocephalidae euro-Méditerranéens. Faune de France 81, Paris, 336
pp.
Péricart, J., 1984:  Hémiptères Berytidae euro-Méditerranéens. Faune de France
70, Paris, 174 pp.
Putshkov, P. V., P. Moulet, 2009: Hémiptères Reduviidae d’europe occidentale.
Faune de France 92, Paris, 668 pp.
Putshkov, P. V., V. G. Putshkov, 1996: Family Reduviidae latreille, 1807 – assas-
sin-bugs. in: Aukema, B., chr. Rieger: catalogue of Heteroptera of the Palaearctic
Region, Vol. 2: cimicomorpha i. the netherlands entomological society, Am-
sterdam, pp. 148-265.
Wagner, E., 1973: Die Miridae Hahn, 1831, des Mittelmeerraumes und der Makaro-
nesischen inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). teil 2. Ent. Abh. Dresden, 39 suppl.,
421 pp. 
Received / Prejeto: 4. 2. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
20
CALIAESCHNA MICROSTIGMA (Schneider 1845) (re)diScovered
in Serbia (odonata: aeShnidae)
Aleksandar Đukić1, 2*, isidora Bolesnikov1,2
1HabiProt, Janka Čmelika 28a 3/25, 21000 novi sad, serbia
2scientific Research society of Biology and ecology students “Josif Pančić”, 
Trg Dositeja obradovića 2, 21000 novi sad, serbia
*Corresponding author; e-mail: aleksandar.djukic042@gmail.com
abstract – The distribution of Caliaeschna microstigma (schneider 1845) in europe is
restricted mostly to the Balkans. As its populations have been declining over the past
years, the species is classified as near Threatened (nT) in the european and Mediter-
ranean Red lists. in serbia, this species was reported earlier, but the data is incomplete.
Precise location and the description of the record is missing. During the field trip in
July 2018 in Pčinja River valley (southern serbia) two individuals of C. microstigma
were recorded. Based on this study, further faunistic research should be carried out in
southern parts of the country to map the present distribution of this rheophile species
and to take the most effective management measures for its conservation.
key woRDs: Conservation, Caliaeschna microstigma, dragonflies, Pčinja River valley,
serbia
izvleček – Ponovno oDkRiTJe BleDeGA veTRnJAkA CALIAESCHNA
MICROSTIGMA (sCHneiDeR 1845) v sRBiJi (oDonATA: AesHniDAe) 
Bledi vetrnjak Caliaeschna microstigma (schneider 1845) je v evropi razširjen skoraj
izključno na Balkanskem polotoku. ker populacije te vrste upadajo, je vrsta uvrščena na
evropski in sredozemski rdeči seznam, na oba s statusom potencialne ogroženosti ('near
Threatened', nT). Za srbijo obstaja starejši podatek o prisotnosti bledega vetrnjaka, a je
pomanjkljiv, kajti ni bilo sporočene natančne lokacije najdbe. na terenski odpravi julija
2018 v dolino reke Pčinje (južna srbija) smo zabeležili dva osebka bledega vetrnjaka.
Za natančno poznavanje razširjenosti te reofilne vrste in pripravo načrta njenega ohranjanja
so potrebne nadaljnje favnistične raziskave, predvsem v južnih predelih srbije.
klJuČne BeseDe: varstvo, Caliaeschna microstigma, kačji pastirji, dolina reke Pčinje,
srbija
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introduction
in the last decade, great progress has been made in studying dragonflies in serbia
(e.g. Jović et al. 2010, kulić et al. 2013, Rajkov et al. 2015, vinko et al. 2016), but
this group of insects is still insufficiently explored in the country. Although a certain
number of papers on serbian dragonfly fauna was published, the majority includes a
smaller part of the country territory as well as a smaller part of the field season. For
many species data is scarce and the records are sporadic (e.g. Jović et al. 2009).
Therefore, the distribution of a large number of species in serbia is poorly known
and it can be assumed to be much wider than we know today.
in serbia no national Red list exists (Boudot & kalkman 2015), although seven
dragonfly species are protected (službeni glasnik Republike srbije 5/2010). Jović (2013)
listed 67 dragonfly species in the serbian fauna, four of which require further research
that will confirm the accuracy of the previous literature sources and were therefore not
included in the Atlas of the european dragonflies and damselflies (Boudot & kalkman
2015). one of these species is Caliaeschna microstigma (schneider 1845). it develops
in cold and fast flowing, well oxygenated running waters, which are at least partly
shaded, with stony, pebble or gravel substrate. These are usually brooks, streams or
small rivers (with width mostly 0.5–2 m), majority lacking aquatic vascular plants,
where pools of calm water provide refuges for the larvae (kovács & Murányi 2013,
kalkman & Jović 2015). elevation of the habitats is from sea level up to 1,500 m a.s.l.
(shkëmbi et al. 2018). The larvae live among submerged moss, leaf litter, roots or
under stones when other substrates are absent (Dijkstra & lewington 2006). larval de-
velopment of this semivoltine species usually takes three years (kovács & Murányi
2013). in serbian language, the species is called ‘primorski plemić’ (Jović 2013).
without any political suggestion, in this paper we exclude kosovo as a part of
serbia.
landscape of outstanding features “Pčinja River valley” is an area comprising
2,606 ha, located in the south of serbia, on the border with the Republic of north
Macedonia. it is a landscape with exceptional biogeographical characteristics
(Avramović et al. 2005). Pčinja River valley is located in the transitional area in the
climatic and vegetational terms, which makes it prone to degradation and susceptible
to anthropogenic influences (Mišić 1981). The climate of this area is a mixture of
continental and Mediterranean and as such has influenced the development of specific
heterogeneous vegetation. These two factors defined the unusual fauna structure in
this area.
Caliaeschna microstigma was previously reported from serbia (karaman 1979),
but without a precise description of the record. in this article we present the first de-
tailed record of C. microstigma for the country. 
Material and methods
During the study we visited the landscape of outstanding features “Pčinja River
valley” (loc. 1) as well as the surrounding localities (loc. 2–4) in order to clarify
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
22
the status of C. microstigma in serbia (Fig. 1). in the period from 20 to 22 July 2018
four sites were visited (Tab. 1) with only adult dragonflies identified. Three localities
(loc. 1, 3, 4) are different sites of Pčinja River, while one (loc. 2) is a stream that is
a tributary of the Pčinja River.
one male specimen of C. microstigma is stored in the entomological collection of
the natural History Museum in Belgrade.
table 1: list of investigated sites from Fig. 1.
no.
Loc. Locality
coordinates(l
at./lon.) alt. (m) date
no. of dragonfly
taxa
1
Prohor Pčinjski
monastery
(Pčinja River)
42°18'59.0"n
21°53'29.3"e 629
20.07.2018,
21.07.2018 1
2 Šaprance(stream)
42°23'11.67"n
21°58'55.71"e 561
21.07.2018,
22.07.2018 7
3 Šajince(Pčinja River)
42°23'02.9"n
22°02'02.8"e 572 21.07.2018 1
4 Trgovište(Pčinja River)
42°22'31.1"n
22°03'53.9"e 606 21.07.2018 3
Akeksandar flukiå, Isidora Bolesnikov: Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider 1845) (re)discovered in Serbia (Odonata: Aeshnidae)
23
Fig. 1: Map of studied sites in the Pčinja region, south serbia.
results
Altogether eight dragonfly taxa were identified (Tab. 2). 
During the visit to Šaprance (loc. 2), two adult males of C. microstigma were
recorded (Fig. 2).
table 2: list of recorded dragonfly species per locality from Tab. 1.
species loc. 1 loc. 2 loc. 3 loc. 4
Calopteryx virgo (linnaeus 1758) - + - +
Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas 1771) - + + +
Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider 1845) - + - -
Cordulegaster bidentata selys 1843 - + - -
Cordulegaster sp. + - - -
Somatochlora meridionalis nielsen 1935 - + - -
Orthetrum coerulescens (linnaeus 1758) - + - -
Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe 1837) - + - +
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
24
Fig. 2: Caliaeschna microstigma (schneider 1845), adult male from loc. 2, de-
posited in the entomological collection of the natural History Museum in Belgrade
(photo: Milan Đurić, 21-vii-2018).
discussion
Two adult males of Caliaeschna microstigma were observed on 21 July 2018 in
the late afternoon (18:00 PM), patrolling low above the water, matching the description
of this crepuscular animal (Dijkstra & lewington 2006). Recorded territorial behaviour
as well as the appropriate habitat in form of a smaller slow flowing stream, in shade
with dense surrounding vegetation indicates that reproduction is possible on the site.
Further studies should be carried out in order to determine the reproduction status of
this species. The site was also visited in the morning hours (10:00 AM) on 22 July
2018, when no individual of this species was recorded.
The species recorded in sympatry with C. microstigma were expected based on
quotations (kovács & Murányi 2013). Caliaeschna microstigma was often observed
with Cordulegaster spp. and Calopteryx spp. (kulijer et al. 2012, De knijf et al.
2013), in our case with locally abundant C. bidentata and C. virgo.
The distribution of C. microstigma in europe is restricted to the Balkans, Cyprus
and the Aegean islands (kalkman & Jović 2015). This rheophile species is not un-
common in large parts of the eastern Mediterranean, but often occurs in low densities
(kalkman & Jović 2015). individuals of C. microstigma are recorded in almost every
country of the Balkan Peninsula (Adamović 1948, Bedjanič et al. 2008, Beschovski
& Marinov 2007, Buczyński et al. 2013, Daraž 2009, De knijf et al. 2013, Hostnik
2018, kalkman 2000, kovács & Murányi 2013, kulijer et al. 2012, 2013, lopau
2010, Puschnig 1926, Murányi 2007, Murányi & kovács 2013, shkëmbi et al. 2018,
vinko 2012, 2018, vinko et al. 2017, 2018), while localities in Croatia (Belančić et
al. 2008, vilenica et al. 2014, kotarac et al. 2016) represent north-westernmost border
of the species areal (kalkman & Jović 2015). This being considered, the presence of
C. microstigma in the south of serbia was expected.
Caliaeschna microstigma is classified as near Threatened (nT) in the Mediter-
ranean and the european Red lists (Riservato et al. 2009, kalkman et al. 2010).
kalkman et al. (2018) proposed C. microstigma to be included in the eu Habitat Di-
rective (Council Directive 92/43/eeC) as its populations are declining and the species
is likely to qualify as threatened in the european Red list in the future. Furthermore,
decrease in quality of running waters throughout its area of distribution is present. As
the range of C. microstigma is confined to cold streams and small rivers, the climate
change will have a major impact on the species due to habitat degradation (Boudot et
al. 2009). Therefore, the conservation of Pčinja River valley is extremely important
in order to protect the population of C. microstigma in serbia. Further faunistic
studies, focused also on dragonfly larvae and exuviae, should be carried out, especially
in the southern parts of the country, to map the present distribution of this species
and to take the most effective management measures for its conservation.
acknowledgements
we would like to thank Miloš Jović (Belgrade natural History Museum) and
Damjan vinko (slovene Dragonfly society) who significantly contributed to the
Akeksandar flukiå, Isidora Bolesnikov: Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider 1845) (re)discovered in Serbia (Odonata: Aeshnidae)
25
quality of this paper. we are also thankful to Milan Đurić and Bojana nadaždin (As-
sociation for sustainable Development and Habitat Protection in serbia “HabiProt”)
who accompanied us in the field.
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Received / Prejeto: 5. 12. 2019
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
28
NEW RECORDS OF HORSE-FLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) 
ALONG NERETVA RIVER VALLEY AND CETINA 
RIVER IN DALMATIA (SOUTHERN CROATIA)
Mariana Puškarić1 and Stjepan krčMar1*
1Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer university of Osijek, 
Cara Hadrijana 8/a, Hr-31000 Osijek, Croatia
*Corresponding author: stjepan@biologija.unios.hr
Abstract – Study of the horsefly fauna diversity in the area of the Cetina river
during 2018 resulted in 23 species records of which Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius,
1794), Atylotus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1767), Therioplectes tunicatus Szilády, 1927,
Hybomitra bimaculata (Macquart, 1826), Tabanus lunatus Fabricius, 1794 and
Philipomyia aprica (Meigen, 1820) are new for the studied area. The total number
of horsefly species currently known in the area increased to 35, while new locality
records are provided for 17 species. During 2014 and 2015 in the Neretva river
valley 15 species of horse-flies were recorded, of which new locality records are
provided for 10 species. in the Neretva river valley a total of 37 species of horse-
flies were recorded. altogether, 46 species have been recorded in the study areas
from 78 species recorded so far in the Croatian fauna. Considering biogeography,
the majority of species recorded in both studied areas belong to the Mediterranean
group of species. 
key wOrDS: Horse-flies, Tabanidae, Diptera, diversity, Southern Croatia, europe
Izvleček – NOVe NaJDBe OBaDOV (DiPTera: TaBaNiDae) V DOLiNi
NereTVe iN OB reki CeTiNi V DaLMaCiJi (JuŽNa HrVaška)
raziskava raznovrstnosti favne obadov v območju reke Cetine leta 2018 je dala
najdbe 23 vrst, od katerih so Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius, 1794), Atylotus rusticus
(Linnaeus, 1767), Therioplectes tunicatus Szilády, 1927, Hybomitra bimaculata (Mac-
quart, 1826), Tabanus lunatus Fabricius, 1794 in Philipomyia aprica (Meigen, 1820)
nove za območje raziskave. Skupno število vrst obadov, trenutno znanih za območje,
se je povečalo na 35, medtem ko je bilo 17 vrst najdenih na novih najdiščih. V letih
2014 in 2015 je bilo v dolini reke Neretve najdenih 15 vrst obadov, 10 izmed njih na
29
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, JUNIJ 2020                    Vol. 28, øt. 1: 29–42
novih najdiščih. V dolini reke Neretve je bilo skupno najdenih 37 vrst obadov.V ob-
močjih raziskave je bilo skupno najdenih 46 vrst od 78 vrst, do zdaj najdenih v
hrvaški favni. Biogeografsko večina najdenih vrst obeh raziskovanih območij pripada
mediteranski skupini vrst.
kLJučNe BeSeDe: obadi, Tabanidae, Diptera, raznovrstnost, južna Hrvaška, evropa
Introduction
Study of the insect fauna of Dalmatia was initiated relatively late in comparison
to other areas in europe (Nonveiller 1989). although, the first data on the insects
from Dalmatia are found in Forti’s book entitled “Viaggio in Dalmatia” published
in 1774 (Nonveiller 1989), data in this book on insects from Neretva river Delta are
not results of scientific research and were mostly written on the basis of superficial
observations (Nonveiller 1989).  The first study of insect fauna in Dalmatia begins
in the first half of the XiX century. Foreign entomologists were especially attracted
by the fact that the insect world of Dalmatia was still uninvestigated (Durbešić
1984; Nonveiller 1989). also, very important fact is that Dalmatia is the closest of
all the Mediterranean countries to Central europe (Nonveiller 1989). During the
austro-Hungarian Monarchy significant efforts have been made to investigate the
natural resources of the adriatic coast, including the insect fauna. Numerous ento-
mologists, especially from the Vienna Natural History Museum, spent a lot of time
in Dalmatia on islands, inland localities like krka Falls, the source of Cetina river,
the Dinara Mountains, Biokovo and neighbouring areas in these studies (Durbešić
1984, 2011; Nonveiller 1989). During these periods the horsefly fauna was researched
primarily by foreign entomologists, with the first data being published at the end of
19th and the beginning of the 20th century (Brauer & Bergenstamm 1880; Strobl
1893, 1898, 1900, 1902; Zerny 1920). after world war ii, the research activities of
foreign and domestic entomologists in Dalmatia were continued and the number of
recorded species from different groups of insects has gradually increased, especially
from the family Tabanidae (Coe 1958, 1960; Moucha 1959, 1965; Leclercq 1960).
in spite of the numerous entomological research, the knowledge on the majority of
the insect groups of Dalmatia remains fragmentary. There are some areas along the
adriatic coast and inland of Dalmatia that haven’t yet been sufficiently studied.
These areas include rivers, river banks and wetlands. Data from these wet or flooded
habitats for some insect groups, orders and families i.e. ephemeroptera, Lepidoptera,
Crambidae, erebidae, Nymphalidae, from Diptera empididae and Tabanidae, as
well as Plecoptera were recently published during the end of the 20th century and the
beginning of this century (krčmar & Leclercq 1997; krčmar 1999; krčmar & Merdić
2007; Perković 2006; Popijač & Sivec 2010; ivković & Horvat 2007; ivković et al.
2007, 2013; kučinić et al. 2014; Vilenica et al. 2016a, 2016b; Gumhalter et al.
2018). Flooded habitats (river banks and wetlands) are a significant source of bio-
logical diversity, considering the fact that one part of the life cycle of a large number
of insects takes place in flooded habitats (Mitsch & Gosselink 2000). The aim of
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
30
this paper is to: a) show the diversity of horsefly fauna in the area of the Cetina
river and the Neretva river valley, b) classify the horseflies according to their bio-
geographical groups, c) use of this data for further systematic entomological research
in this area.
Material and methods
This study is based on unpublished data from the current study and unidentified
specimens in S. krčmar’s collection, as well as data from literature. Samplings of
horseflies in the Neretva river valley were carried out during June and July 2014 and
2015, while samplings of horseflies in the area of the Cetina river were carried out
from mid May to second half of September during 2018. Horseflies were collected
using Malaise traps, Nzi traps, canopy traps and plastic bottle traps, all were baited
with 2 ml of 1-octen-3-ol. also, some horseflies were collected by hand from grazing
cattle or inside a car. all collected horseflies were preserved in 96% ethanol solution.
identification and nomenclature followed that of Chvála et al. (1972), Moucha (1976),
Chvála (1988) and krčmar et al. (2011) – see as well the Table 1 and lists of species
at the end of this paper. Classification in major biogeographical groups i.e. afro-
eurasian arid, Boreal-eurasian, european and Mediterranean was performed according
to Chvála et al. (1972) and Olsufjev (1977). The Mediterranean group includes South
european species, western and eastern Mediterranean species. For every species
from current study following data were listed: locality, uTM, date, number of speci-
mens and sex. additionally, the list of all recorded species, either from literature data
or current study, was prepared to show complete faunal composition.
Study areas
Neretva river valley 
The entire Neretva river valley is located in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County in
Croatia. even though only 22.3 km of the total 218 km of the Neretva river flows in
the republic of Croatia, exactly that final part of the river expands into a spacious
delta of about 11.500 ha (Glamuzina & Glamuzina 2001). The most significant feature
of this area is very diverse landscape (Figure 1) with different types of vegetation due
to the constant presence of water and because a large part of this area is overgrown
with common reed and high sedges (Scirpo-Phragmitetum). 
Cetina river
Cetina river is located in the Split-Dalmatia County in Croatia. it is 105 kilometers
long and the springs are located on the slopes of the Dinara Mountain at an altitude
of 380 m a.s.l. Due to the petrographic structure of the Cetina valley, the Cetina
river does not lose its flow and flows continuously from the spring to the mouth into
the adriatic Sea (romac 2017). Many areas along Cetina river are overgrown by
forest and bushy vegetation (Figure 2) where the edifiers are Salix alba (L.) and
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (see Vukelić 2008).
Mariana Puøkariå, Stjepan Krœmar: New records of horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) along Neretva river valley and Cetina river
31
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
32
Figure 1. Locality Modro Oko, Neretva river valley.
Figure 2. Cetina river landscape.
Results
The total number of horseflies collected in this recent study in the Neretva river
valley was 1321 specimens classified in 15 species. New locality records are provided
for 10 species. The most numerous was the genus Tabanus with 9 species, while
other genera were represented as follows: Chrysops and Hybomitra with 2 species
each, as well as Atylotus and Philipomyia with 1 species each. Tabanus bromius was
the most abundant with 62.30%, followed by Tabanus eggeri (16.04%), Tabanus
sudeticus (5.90%), Chrysops viduatus (4.92%), Philipomyia graeca (4.84%) and Ta-
banus tergestinus (2.95%). These six species account for 96.95% of all collected
specimens. abundance was rated based on the number of horseflies collected. abun-
dance was considered sparse if the number of collected horseflies ranged from 1 to
10 specimens, low (11 – 20), moderate (21 – 50), high (51 – 100), and very high (>
100). Based on this division, 9 species were of sparse abundance, one species with
moderate abundance, three species with high abundance and two species with very
high abundance. including current and earlier studies altogether, 37 species of horse-
flies were recorded in the Neretva river valley (Table 1). Twenty-three species
belong to Mediterranean group of species, followed by Boreal – eurasian biogeo-
graphical group with 11, afro-eurasian arid with 3, and european with one species
(Table 1). During the study in 2018 in the area of the Cetina river 668 specimens of
horseflies were collected, belonging to 21 species and seven genera. Based on these
records and previously unpublished data (26 specimens classified to 12 species from
S. krčmar’s collection), the new locality records are provided for 17 species. Six
species, Chrysops viduatus, Atylotus rusticus, Therioplectes tunicatus,  Hybomitra
bimaculata, Tabanus lunatus and Philipomyia aprica, were recorded for the first
time in the studied area along Cetina river. Tabanus glaucopis comprised 26.08% of
the horseflies collected. it was followed by Tabanus tergestinus with 22.19%, Tabanus
bromius with 13.68%, Tabanus exclusus with 8.21%, Atylotus loewianus with 6.62%,
Haematopota grandis with 5.04%, Philipomyia graeca with 4.46% and Tabanus
spodopterus s.str. (T. spodopterus spodopterus) with 3.17%. These eight species rep-
resent 89,45% of the horseflies collected, while the remaining 15 species are repre-
sented with 10.55%. Tabanus was found as the best represented genus with 11 species,
followed by Hybomitra with 3 species, Chrysops, Atylotus, Haematopota and
Philipomyia with 2 species each, and Therioplectes with one species. The majority of
species (13) collected in the area of the Cetina river were of sparse abundance, fol-
lowed by two species with low abundance, four species with moderate abundance,
two with high abundance, and two species with very high abundance. including
current and earlier studies a total of 35 species of horseflies were recorded in the area
of the Cetina river (Table 1). Considering biogeoraphy, most species belong to the
Mediterranean group (21), followed by the Boreal– eurasian group with 11 species,
afro-eurasian arid with 2, and european with one species (Table 1). The following
list of species includes new locality records and new records of horsefly species for
the areas of the Neretva river valley and Cetina river obtained during this study as
well as unpublished records.
Mariana Puøkariå, Stjepan Krœmar: New records of horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) along Neretva river valley and Cetina river
33
List of recorded horsefly species in the Neretva river valley during 2014 and
2015
Chrysops flavipes Meigen, 1804. New locality records: Banja (XH 96), 16.07.2014,
1♀
Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius, 1794). Desne (yH 06), 30.06.2015, 37♀♀,
01.07.2015, 16♀♀, 02.07.2015, 6♀♀, 03.07.2015, 1♀; Badžula (yH 16), 02.07.2015,
5♀♀
Atylotus loewianus (Villeneuve, 1920). New locality records: Banja (XH 96),
16.07.2014, 2♀♀
Hybomitra acuminata (Loew, 1858). Desne (yH 06), 02.07.2015, 1♀
Hybomitra muehlfeldi (Brauer in Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1880). Desne (yH 06),
01.07.2015, 2♀♀, 02.07.2015 1♀; Badžula (yH 16), 02.07.2015, 1♂
Tabanus autumnalis Linnaeus, 1761. New locality records: Desne (yH 06),
01.07.2015, 2♀♀; Vriještica (yH 07), 18.07.2014, 1♀, 03.07.2015, 2♀♀, 1♂ 
Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, 1758. New locality records: Desne (yH 06), 17.07.2014,
3♀♀, 30.06.2015, 43♀♀, 01.07.2015, 61♀♀, 02.07.2015, 222♀♀, 03.07.2015, 288♀♀,
04.07.2015, 186♀♀; Vid (yH 16), 16.07.2014, 2♀♀; Vriještica (yH 07), 18.07.2014,
4♀♀, 03.07.2015, 6♀♀, 6♂♂; Badžula (yH 16), 02.07.2015, 2♀♀
Tabanus darimonti Leclerq, 1964. New locality records: Desne (yH 06), 30.06.2015,
1♀, 02.07.2015, 4♀♀, 03.07.2015, 4♀♀, 04.07.2015, 1♀ 
Tabanus eggeri Schiner, 1868. New locality records: Banja (XH 96), 16.07.2014,
1♀; Blace (yH 06), 17.07.2014, 1♀; Desne (yH 06), 30.06.2015, 19♀♀, 01.07.2015,
19♀♀, 02.07.2015, 74♀♀, 03.07.2015, 34♀♀, 04.07.2015, 59♀♀; Vriještica (yH
07), 03.07.2015, 5♀♀
Tabanus exclusus Pandellé, 1883. New locality records: Desne (yH 06), 02.07.2015,
1♀
Tabanus miki Brauer in Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1880. Desne (yH 06), 30.06.2015,
1♀, 01.07.2015, 2♀♀, 02.07.2015, 3♀♀, 03.07.2015, 2♀♀
Tabanus regularis Jaennicke, 1866. New locality records: Desne (yH 06),
05.06.2003, 1♀, 03.07.2015, 4♀♀; Vriještica (yH 07), 03.07.2015, 2♀♀
Tabanus sudeticus Zeller, 1842. Desne (yH 06), 17.07.2014, 1♀, 30.06.2015,
9♀♀, 01.07.2015, 5♀♀, 02.07.2015, 21♀♀, 1♂, 03.07.2015, 8♀♀, 04.07.2015, 12♀♀;
Vriještica (yH 07), 18.07.2014, 2♀♀, 03.07.2015, 7♀♀, 5♂♂; Badžula (yH 16),
02.07.2015, 7♀♀
Tabanus tergestinus egger, 1859. New locality records: Banja (XH 96), 16.07.2014,
4♀♀; komin (XH 96), 16.07.2014, 1♀; Vid (yH 16), 16.07.2014, 1♀; Blace (yH
06), 17.07.2014, 1♀; Ploče (XH 96), 17.07.2014, 1♀; Desne (yH 06), 30.06.2015,
3♀♀, 01.07.2015, 3♀♀, 02.07.2015, 6♀♀, 03.07.2015, 4♀♀, 04.07.2015, 15♀♀
Philipomyia graeca (Fabricius, 1794). New locality records: Banja (XH 96),
16.07.2014, 1♀; Desne (yH 06), 17.07.2014, 2♀♀, 30.06.2015, 20♀♀, 01.07.2015,
7♀♀, 02.07.2015, 3♀♀, 03.07.2015, 15♀♀, 04.07.2015, 3♀♀; Ploče (XH 96),
17.07.2014, 1♀; Badžula (yH 16), 02.07.2015, 5♀♀; Vriještica (yH 07), 03.07.2015,
1♀♀, 6♂♂ 
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
34
List of recorded horsefly species in the area of the Cetina River during 2018
and unpublished data from S. Krčmar’s collection 
Chrysops caecutiens Linnaeus, 1758. New locality records: Cetina (XJ 16),
20.06.2018, 2♀♀; koljane (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 1♀
Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius, 1794). First record: rumin (XJ 25), 10.06.2003,
1♀; Cetina (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 2♀♀; koljane (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 1♀
Atylotus loewianus (Villeneuve, 1920). New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ
16), 19.06.2018, 3♀♀, 20.06.2018, 2♀♀, 30.08.2018, 21♀♀, 10.09.2018, 4♀♀;
Cetina (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 2♀♀; Peruča (XJ 24), 05.07.2018, 1♀, 14.07.2018, 1♀;
Ogorje (XJ 14), 28.07.2018, 3♀♀, 30.08.2018, 3♀♀, 10.09.2018, 1♀; Glavice (XJ
34), 30.07.2018, 2♀♀, 05.08.2018, 2♀♀; Gala (XJ 34), 31.08.2018, 1♀
Atylotus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1767). First record: Bitelić Gornji (XJ 25), 10.06.2003,
3♀♀; koljane (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 2♀♀
Therioplectes tunicatus Szilády, 1927. First record: Omiš (XJ 31), 08.06.2003,
1♀
Hybomitra bimaculata (Macquart, 1826). First record: rumin (XJ 25), 10.06.2003,
1♀
Hybomitra ciureai (Séguy, 1937). New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ 16),
20.06.2018, 1♀
Hybomitra muehlfeldi (Brauer in Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1880). New locality
records: Bitelić Gornji (XJ 25), 10.06.2003, 1♀; rumin (XJ 25), 10.06.2003, 1♀;
Donje Maovice (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 1♀
Tabanus bifarius Loew, 1858. New locality records: Bitelić Gornji (XJ 25),
10.06.2003, 6♀♀; rumin (XJ 25), 10.06.2003, 1♀; Donje Maovice (XJ 16),
19.06.2018, 1♀, 20.06.2018, 1♀; Cetina (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 3♀♀
Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, 1758. New locality records: Bitelić Gornji (XJ 25),
10.06.2003, 13♀♀; rumin (XJ 25), 10.06.2003, 2♀♀; Donje Maovice (XJ 16),
19.06.2018, 4♀♀, 20.06.2018, 17♀♀, 30.08.2018, 1♀, 10.09.2018, 1♀; Cetina (XJ
16), 20.06.2018, 15♀♀; koljane (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 2♀♀; Trilj (XJ 33), 20.06.2018,
1♀; Peruča (XJ 24), 21.06.2018, 2♀♀, 05.07.2018, 14♀♀, 14.07.2018, 13♀♀; Tugare
(XJ 31), 21.06.2018, 1♀; Gala (XJ 34), 22.06.2018, 1♀; štikovo (XJ 06), 18.07.2018,
6♀♀; Ogorje (XJ 14), 18.07.2018, 1♀; 28.07.2018, 1♀ 
Tabanus cordiger Meigen, 1820. New locality records: Blato na Cetini (XJ 41),
6.07.2003, 1♀; Donje Maovice (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 4♀♀, 30.08.2018, 1♀; Peruča
(XJ 24), 21.06.2018, 1♀
Tabanus eggeri Schiner, 1868. New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ 16),
20.06.2018, 2♀♀, 30.08.2018, 2♀♀; Gala (XJ 34), 22.06.2018, 1♀; štikovo (XJ 06),
18.07.2018, 1♀
Tabanus exclusus Pandellé, 1883. New locality records: Blato na Cetini (XJ 41),
6.07.2003, 1♀; Donje Maovice (XJ 16), 19.06.2018, 1♀, 20.06.2018, 9♀♀,
30.08.2018, 7♀♀, 10.09.2018, 3♀♀; Cetina (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 2♀♀; koljane (XJ
16), 20.06.2018, 1♀; Naklice (XJ 31), 21.06.2018, 1♀; Tugare (XJ 31), 21.06.2018,
10♀♀; Peruča (XJ 24), 05.07.2018, 3♀♀, 14.07.2018, 2♀♀; Ogorje (XJ 14),
Mariana Puøkariå, Stjepan Krœmar: New records of horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) along Neretva river valley and Cetina river
35
18.07.2018, 7♀♀, 28.07.2018, 5♀♀, 30.08.2018, 1♀; štikovo (XJ 06), 18.07.2018,
3♀♀; Glavice (XJ 34), 30.07.2018, 1♀
Tabanus glaucopis Meigen, 1820. New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ 16),
20.06.2018, 1♀, 30.08.2018, 103♀♀, 10.09.2018, 47♀♀; Ogorje (XJ 14), 28.07.2018,
2♀♀, 30.08.2018, 6♀♀, 10.09.2018 11♀♀; Tugare (XJ 31), 30.08.2018, 6♀♀;
11.09.2018, 4♀♀; Gala (XJ 34), 31.08.2018, 1♂
Tabanus lunatus Fabricus, 1794. First record: Tugare (XJ 31), 21.06.2018, 1♀
Tabanus quatuornotatus Meigen, 1820. New locality records: Bitelić Gornji (XJ
25), 10.06.2003, 4♀♀; Ogorje (XJ 14), 18.05.2018, 3♀♀; Donje Maovice (XJ 16),
20.06.2018, 1♀
Tabanus shannonellus kröber, 1936. New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ
16), 30.08.2018, 2♀♀
Tabanus spodopterus s. str. (spodopterus spodopterus)Meigen, 1820. New locality
records: Vrlika (XJ 16), 20.06.2018, 8♀♀; Peruča (XJ 24), 05.07.2018, 5♀♀,
14.07.2018, 9♀♀
Tabanus tergestinus egger, 1859. New locality records: Bitelić Gornji (XJ 25),
10.06.2003, 3♀♀; Donje Maovice (XJ 16), 19.06.2018, 11♀♀, 20.06.2018, 65♀♀;
Ogorje (XJ 14), 19.06.2018, 1♂, 18.07.2018, 4♀♀, 28.07.2018, 1♀; Cetina (XJ 16),
20.06.2018, 5♀♀; Glavice (XJ 34), 20.06.2018, 1♂; Vrlika (XJ 16), 20.06.2018,
4♀♀; Naklice (XJ 31), 21.06.2018, 1♀; Peruča (XJ 24), 21.06.2018, 12♀♀, 3♂♂,
05.07.2018, 2♀♀, 14.07.2018, 2♀♀; Tugare (XJ 31), 21.06.2018, 1♀; Gala (XJ 34),
22.06.2018, 2♀♀; štikovo (XJ 06), 18.07.2018, 36♀♀
Haematopota grandis Meigen, 1820. New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ
16), 30.08.2018, 27♀♀, 10.09.2018, 5♀♀; Ogorje (XJ 14), 30.08.2018, 2♀♀; Tugare
(XJ 31), 11.09.2018, 1♀
Haematopota pandazisi kröber, 1936. New locality records: Donje Maovice (XJ
16), 30.08.2018, 12♀♀, 10.09.2018, 6♀♀
Philipomyia aprica (Meigen, 1820). First record: Peruča (XJ 24), 05.07.2018, 1♀
Philipomyia graeca (Fabricius, 1794). New locality records: Blato na Cetini (XJ
41), 8.06.2003, 3♀♀; Bitelić Gornji (XJ 25), 10.06.2003, 1♀; Donje Maovice (XJ
16), 19.06.2018, 6♀♀, 20.Vi.2018, 21♀♀    
Discussion
Published data for the studied areas were very scarce until the nineties of the last
century.  Only Chrysops viduatus has been recorded in the Neretva river valley by
foreign entomologists. all other recorded species for this area were collected during
studies performed at the end of 20th and the beginning of this century (krčmar &
Leclercq 1997; krčmar 1999; krčmar & Merdić 2007). in the same period in the area
of Cetina river, 29 species of horseflies were recorded, which were the first data on
Tabanidae family for this area (krčmar 1999). During the study of 2018 and reviewing
of horseflies in S. krčmar collection, species Chrysops viduatus, Atylotus rusticus,
Therioplectes tunicatus, Hybomitra bimaculata, Tabanus lunatus and Philipomyia
aprica were recorded for the first time for the area of Cetina river. From six most
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
36
abundant species of horseflies in the Neretva river valley three belong to Boreal-
eurasian biogeographical group. This is in line with many freshwater lakes (Baćina,
Desne, kuti, Modro Oko), springs, channels and lagoons, which are suitable places
for development of their larval stages. Small number of horsefly species in adult
stage fly off far away from the place of their larval development (Chvála & Ježek
1997; andreeva et al. 2009). From the eight most abundant species of horseflies
along Cetina river six belong to Mediterranean group of species, while two belong
to Boreal-eurasian biogeographical group. altogether 46 species of horseflies were
recorded in study areas (Neretva river valley and Cetina river) from 78 species
recorded so far in Croatian fauna, which amounts to 58.97% of the horsefly fauna of
Croatia. The majority of species (29) recorded in both study areas belong to the
Mediterranean group of species. in a similar study krčmar et al. (2006) listed, on the
basis of literature data, 6 species of horseflies from the Mediterranean group and 5
from South european group on Hungarian banks of the river Drava. This is in line
with the fact that some Mediterranean species reach the borders of Central europe
(Chvála et al. 1972). in this study, from halophilous species of horseflies listed in
Croatian fauna, only Hybomitra acuminata was recorded in the area of the Neretva
river valley. in previous studies halophilous species of horseflies were recorded in
localities at the mouths of Neretva and Cetina rivers flowing into the adriatic Sea.
in some localities salinity range was between 1.300 mg/l (Cl-) and 1.400 mg/l (Cl-),
(Glamuzina et al. 2002). However, salinity tolerance among different species of
horseflies varies and some species inhabit habitats with salinities over 5.500 mg/l
(Cl-) (Van de Meutter 2016). 
Acknowledgments
This study was partially supported by the Croatian Science Foundation grants iP-
2016-06-9988 “DNa barcoding of biodiversity of Croatian fauna” (CroBarFauna). 
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2016a: Distribution and autecology of Mayflies (insecta, ephemeroptera) in a
Mediterranean river in the western Balkans. Entomological News, 126 (1): 19-
35.
Vilenica M., Previšić A., Ivković M., Popijač A., Vučković I., Kučinić M., Kerovec
M., Gattolliat J.L., Sartori M., Mihaljević, Z., 2016b: Mayfly (insecta:
ephemeroptera) assemblages of a regulated perennial Mediterranean river system
in the western Balkans. Biologia (Bratislava), 71 (9): 1038-1048.
Mariana Puøkariå, Stjepan Krœmar: New records of horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) along Neretva river valley and Cetina river
39
Vukelić J., Mikac S., Baričević D., Bakšić D., Rosavec R., 2008: šumska staništa i
šumske zajednice u Hrvatskoj Nacionalna ekološka mreža. Državni zavod za
zaštitu prirode, Zagreb, Hrvatska, 263 pp.
Zerny H., 1920: Diptera. in: Beiträge zur kenntnis der Fauna Dalmatiens, besonders
der insel Brazza. Bericht über die zweite zoologische reise des naturwissen-
schaftlichen Vereins an der universität wien nach Dalmatien. Zoologische
Jahrbücher, 42 (4): 205-212.
Received / Prejeto: 20. 11. 2019
Table 1. Systematical list of the horsefly (Tabanidae) fauna in the study areas
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
40
Genus Species Neretva rivervalley
Cetina
river
Biogeographical
group
Chrysops
Meigen, 1803 Chrysops caecutiens Linnaeus, 1758 + + Be
Chrysops flavipes Meigen, 1804 + - M
Chrysops italicus Meigen, 1804 + - M
Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius, 1794) + + Be
Atylotus
Osten – Sacken,
1876
Atylotus loewianus (Villeneuve, 1920) + + M
Atylotus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1767) - + Be
Therioplectes
Zeller, 1842 Therioplectes gigas (Herbst, 1787) + - M
Therioplectes tunicatus Szilády, 1927 + + M
Hybomitra
enderlein, 1922 Hybomitra acuminata (Loew, 1858) + + ae
Hybomitra bimaculata (Macquart, 1826) - + Be
Hybomitra ciureai (Séguy, 1937) + + Be
Hybomitra expollicata (Pandellé, 1883) + + ae
Hybomitra muehlfeldi (Brauer in Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1880) + + Be
Hybomitra pilosa (Loew, 1858) + + e
Hybomitra ukrainica (Olsufjev, 1952) + - ae
Mariana Puøkariå, Stjepan Krœmar: New records of horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) along Neretva river valley and Cetina river
41
Tabanus
Linnaeus, 1758 Tabanus autumnalis Linnaeus, 1761 + + Be
Tabanus bifarius Loew, 1858 + + M
Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, 1758 + + Be
Tabanus cordiger Meigen, 1820 + + Be
Tabanus darimonti Leclercq, 1964 + - M
Tabanus eggeri Schiner, 1868 + + M
Tabanus exclusus Pandellé, 1883 + + M
Tabanus glaucopis Meigen, 1820 - + Be
Tabanus indrae Hauser, 1939 - + M
Tabanus lunatus Fabricius, 1794 - + M
Tabanus miki Brauer in Brauer &Bergenstamm,
1880 + - Be
Tabanus obsolescens Pandellé, 1883 + + M
Tabanus paradoxus Jaennicke, 1866 - + M
Tabanus quatuornotatus Meigen, 1820 + + M
Tabanus regularis Jaennicke, 1866 + + M
Tabanus shannonellus kröber, 1936 + + M
Tabanus spectabilis Loew, 1858 + - M
Tabanus spodopterus s.str. (spodopterus
spodopterus) Meigen, 1820 + + M
Tabanus sudeticus Zeller, 1842 + - Be
Tabanus tergestinus egger, 1859 + + M
Tabanus tinctus walker, 1850 - + M
Haematopota
Meigen, 1803 Haematopota bigoti Gobert, 1881 + - M
Haematopota grandis Meigen, 1820 + + M
Haematopota italica Meigen, 1804 + + Be
Haematopota pandazisi kröber, 1936 + + M
Haematopota pluvialis (Linnaeus, 1758) + - Be
Dasyrhamphis
enderlein, 1922 Dasyrhamphis anthracinus (Meigen, 1820) + - M
Dasyrhamphis ater (rossi, 1790) + + M
Biogeographical groups are abbreviated as follows: afro-eurasian arid (ae); Bo-
real-eurasian (Be); european (e); Mediterranean (M) 
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
42
Dasyrhamphis umbrinus (Meigen, 1820) - + M
Philipomyia
Olsufjev, 1964 Philipomyia aprica (Meigen, 1820) - + M
Philipomyia graeca (Fabricius, 1794) + + M
Σ 8 46 37 35 4
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BUTTERFLY FAUNA
(LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA) OF GRAN CANARIA 
(CANARY ISLANDS, SPAIN)
Luka Šturm
Department of Food Science and technology, Biotechnical Faculty, 
university of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, 
e-mail: luka.sturm@bf.uni-lj.si
Abstract – Gran Canaria is a good example of an island where we can observe en-
demic species of butterflies as well as the colonisation of new ones. In this article
previously unknown localities of some butterfly species observed in December 2019
are being reported. this includes new locations of newly arrived species (Cacyreus
marshalli and Leptotes pirithous), as well as new locations of some native ones
(Vanessa cardui, Lycaena phlaeas and Pieris rapae). most importantly, new location
of a rare butterfly Azanus ubaldus is also reported, being observed in the NW part of
the island for the first time. According to my finds and previous observations newly
introduced species are consolidating themselves fast across the entire island.
Key WorDS: Lepidoptera, Gran Canaria, Azanus ubaldus, Leptotes pirithous, Cacyreus
marshalli, new localities, introduced species
Izvleček – PrISPeVeK K PoZNAVANJu FAVNe metuLJeV (LePIDoPterA:
PAPILIoNoIDeA) otoKA GrAN CANArIA (KANArSKI otoKI, ŠPANIJA)
Gran Canaria je lep primer otoka na katerem lahko opazujemo endemne vrste me-
tuljev, kot tudi razširjanje vrst, ki so otok poselile pred kratkim. V tem članku so
podana prej neznana nahajališča nekaterih vrst metuljev z lokacij, ki so bile obiskane
v decembru 2019. to vključuje nova nahajališča za nekaj na novo prispelih vrst (Ca-
cyreus marshalli in Leptotes pirithous), kot tudi nova nahajališča za nekaj avtohtonih
vrst (Vanessa cardui, Lycaena phlaeas in Pieris rapae). Predvsem pa je bila odkrita
tudi nova lokacija redkega metulja vrste Azanus ubaldus, ki je bila prvič opažena na
SZ delu otoka. Kot kažejo naše najdbe in prejšnja opazovanja, se novo naseljene
vrste hitro razširjajo po otoku in utrjujejo svojo prisotnost.
KLJučNe BeSeDe: Lepidoptera, Gran Canaria, Azanus ubaldus, Leptotes pirithous,
Cacyreus marshalli, nova nahajališča, tujerodne vrste
43
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, JUNIJ 2020                    Vol. 28, øt. 1: 43–54
Introduction
Islands are often very interesting places for observing unique flora and fauna be-
cause of their isolation, which results in high percentage of endemism. Besides that,
they are also very important for observation of colonisation of organisms by natural
or anthropogenic pathways. the colonisation by new inhabitants can happen gradually
over hundreds of years in the case of plants and slow moving organisms, or can be
very fast and sudden in the case of more mobile ones. this is also the case of
butterflies, which can spread rapidly over the new environments when the conditions
are right (Juan et al. 2000; emerson 2003).
A perfect example of that is the island of Gran Canaria, especially because of the
favourable climate conditions, which persist all year round. Here we can observe the
colonisation of some parts of the islands by butterfly species, which were absent
prior to the 20th century. Some of those have been reported only in the last two
decades, while others expanded rapidly over the last few. Some of the examples are
the monarch (Danaus plexippus), the Desert babul blue (Azanus ubaldus), the Common
zebra blue (Leptotes pirithous) and the Geranium bronze (Cacyreus marshalli) (olivier
and Van der Poorten 1992; Wiemers 1995; Wiemers et al. 2013; Naranjo morales et
al. 2018). 
In this article new locations of butterfly species, including some of the previously
mentioned, are reported. It is known that most of the species found on the island can
be seen all year round because of the warm climate, therefore it is worth mentioning,
that the observations were made in mid-December. this is especially important since
most of the prior studies focused on spring (because of the more favourable humid
conditions) or summer months (Wiemers 1995; Wiemers et al. 2013; Naranjo morales
et al. 2018).
Geographical characteristics of the region
Gran Canaria is a roughly 16 million years old volcanic island, located approxi-
mately 200 km west of African continent in the Atlantic ocean. With its 1530 km2 it
is the third largest island in the archipelago of Canary Islands. Its highest point
reaches 1949 m with Pico de las Nieves (third highest in the archipelago), which
combined with its landscape diversity and fragmentation gives rise to all kind of dif-
ferent environments (Wiemers 1995; Schmincke & Sumita 1998). this is consequently
reflected in its high number of butterfly species (26), surpassing or equalling (La
Palma and La Gomera (26)) all of the other islands in its group, except tenerife (27)
(Naranjo morales et al. 2018; Naranjo morales & Suárez ramos 2019).
As mentioned before, Gran Canaria has a mild subtropical climate with warm
temperatures that show little seasonal variation (monthly means are between 18 °C in
January and 24°C in August) (Wiemers 1995). Its climate is strongly influenced by
the humid trade winds from the northeast, which in combination with the altitude of
the volcanoes and the drier northwest winds blowing at higher levels, produce an in-
version zone and marked vegetation zones with clouds banks at around 1000 m on
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
44
the northeast slopes. thus the northeast side of the island is relatively humid while
the south and northwest sides are relatively dry. As a result, different vegetation
zones are distinguished: Arid subtropical scrub (up to 250 m), semiarid to humid
subtropical scrub and woods (from 250-600 m on the northeast side and from 250-
1000 m on the south and northwest side), humid laurel forest in the cloud belt on the
northeast side (600-1000 m) and humid to dry temperate pine forest (from 1000-
2000 m) which is substituted with scrub where the conditions are not favourable
(Juan et al. 2000; emerson 2003). Besides the habitats in the four main vegetation
zones, very important butterfly habitats on the island are also those of the anthropogenic
origin. especially important in this regard are different parks and gardens in the
villages and cities, as well as fields and plantations with the exotic flora, which can
be found throughout the island and are the primary habitats of the recently introduced
butterfly species (Naranjo morales et al. 2018). 
the localities in this article cover almost all of the different environments found
on the island – sand dunes, arid, semiarid and humid scrub, semiarid and humid pine
forests, laurel forest, lakes and especially anthropogenic environments such as gardens,
fields and city parks. In this respect the chances to observe all butterfly species that
are flying in December on Gran Canaria were enhanced.
Results
List and description of localities
exact locality and details regarding coordinates (WGS 84 Web mercator projection;
ePSG:3857), altitude, habitat and date of each observation are given. In the case of
broader locality, coordinates are given for the most appropriate observation spot. the
localities are given in the order of the observation dates.
1. Calle de la Calzada (Barranco de Guiniguada); coordinates: X: 28.065077, y:
-15.463480; 260-315 m; mostly anthropogenic: humid scrub with deciduous trees,
parks, gardens; 9.12.2019
2. Puerto de las Nieves; coordinates: X: 28.101054, y: -15.708923; 5-55 m; mostly
anthropogenic: arid scrub, parks, gardens; 10.12.2019
3. el risco (Parque Natural tamadaba); coordinates: X: 28.046660; y: -15.727383;
75-140  m; mixed anthropogenic and natural: arid scrub, gardens (some with
acacia trees); 10.12.2019
4. La Aldea de San Nicolas de tolentino; coordinates: X: 27.974804, y: -15.778552;
70-100 m; mostly anthropogenic: arid scrub, gardens, banana plantations;
10.12.2019
5. Barranco de La Aldea de San Nicolas (mirador del molino); coordinates: X:
27.992790, y: -15.693976; 70-700 m; mostly natural: arid to semiarid scrub,
very few gardens; 10.12.2019
6. Cruz de tejeda; coordinates: X: 28.005481, y: -15.599639; 1520 m; mostly nat-
ural: humid pine forest with grasslands, very few gardens; 11.12.2019
Luka Øturm: Contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Gran Canaria (Canary islands
45
7. tejeda; coordinates: X: 27.994413, y: -15.614928; 1030-1075 m; mostly anthro-
pogenic: semiarid scrub with deciduous trees, gardens, parks; 11.12.2019
8. roque Nublo; coordinates: X: 27.967494, y: -15.604835; 1600-1640 m; natural:
semiarid pine forest; 11.12.2019
9. Pico de las Nieves-roque redondo; coordinates: X: 27.957621, y: -15.557664;
1870-1940 m; natural: semiarid pine forest; 11.12.2019
10. Las Palmas; coordinates: X: 28.150416, y: -15.427583; 10-50 m; anthropogenic:
gardens, parks; 12.12.2019
11. Agüimes; coordinates: X: 27.904122, y: -15.447502; 265-285 m; anthropogenic:
gardens, parks; 13.12.2019
12. Barranco de las Vacas; coordinates: X: 27.913614, y: -15.474998; 500-555 m;
natural: arid-semiarid scrub; 13.12.2019
13. maspalomas; coordinates: X: 27.744037, y: -15.599220; 5-35 m; mixed anthro-
pogenic and natural: sand dunes with arid scrub and trees, gardens, parks;
14.12.2019
14. moya; coordinates: X: 28.108636, y: -15.582788; 480-490 m; mixed anthro-
pogenic and natural: humid laurel forest with meadows, gardens, parks; 15.12.2019
15. Los tiles/San Fernando; coordinates: X: 28.094066, y: -15.583005; 640-700 m;
mixed anthropogenic and natural: humid laurel forest with meadows, gardens;
15.12.2019
16. reserva Natural especial de los tilos; coordinates: X: 28.083056, y: -15.591848;
740-770 m; natural: humid laurel forest; 15.12.2019
17. Fontanales; coordinates: X: 28.057341, y: -15.610145; 1020 m; mostly anthro-
pogenic: humid pine forest, vegetable gardens, gardens, fields; 15.12.2019
18. Bandama (Caldera de Bandama); coordinates: X: 28.037437, y: -15.457761;
575-445 m; mixed anthropogenic and natural: semiarid-humid scrub with trees,
flower gardens; 15.12.2019
19. Las Crucitas (Barranco de Arguineguin); coordinates: X: 27.776810, y: -
15.666651; 35 m; mixed anthropogenic and natural: dry river bed with acacia
trees and scrub; 16.12.2019
20. Barranco de Arguineguin (La Sao, Los Peñones, el Horno, Cercados de espinos,
Las Filipinas, Barranquillo Andrés, Soria); coordinates: X: 27.906031, y: -
15.669504; 140-660 m; mixed anthropogenic and natural: arid scrub, gardens,
parks; 16.12.2019
21. mogan; coordinates: X: 27.883955, y: -15.723216; 253-260 m; mostly anthro-
pogenic: semiarid scrub, gardens, parks; 17.12.2019
22. Pie de la Cuesta; coordinates: X: 27.900977, y: -15.710002; 330-365 m; mixed
anthropogenic and natural: arid scrub, gardens; 17.12.2019
23. Playa de tasarte (Barranco de tasarte); coordinates: X: 27.879702, y: -15.794059;
70 m; anthropogenic: watermelon field; 17.12.2019
24. Presa del mulato (lake above Soria); coordinates: X: 27.917387, y: -15.693824;
760-845 m; natural: arid-semiarid pine forest; 17.12.2019
25. Sardina; coordinates: X: 27.847242, y: -15.468448; 155-175 m; anthropogenic:
gardens, parks; 18.12.2019
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
46
26. Arguineguin; coordinates: X: 27.760226, y: -15.682618; 10-15 m; anthropogenic:
gardens, parks; 18.12.2019
27. Santa Lucía de tirajana; coordinates: X: 27.912729, y: -15.541533; 695-700 m;
anthropogenic: gardens, parks; 19.12.2019
28. era del Cardón (Barranco de Balos); coordinates: X: 27.869984, y: -15.492199;
325 m; mostly anthropogenic: arid scrub, gardens; 19.12.2019
Luka Øturm: Contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Gran Canaria (Canary islands
47
Figure 1: map of localities of the December 2019 butterfly observations across
the island of Gran Canaria. the new locality of Azanus ubaldus is marked with the
red colour. Figure created with the Snazzy maps (Snazzy maps 2019).
Slika 1: Zemljevid nahajališč metuljev opazovanih decembra 2019 na otoku Gran
Canaria. Nova lokaliteta metulja Azanus ubaldus je označena z rdečo barvo. Slika je
izdelana s pomočjo programa Snazzy maps (Snazzy maps 2019).
List of species
the nomenclature and taxonomy are in accordance with Wiemers et al. (2018).
Table 1: Distribution of butterflies on Gran Canaria. the localities are indicated
by numbers from 1 to 28 as in the list and description of localities. 
Tabela 1: razširjenost dnevnih metuljev na otoku Gran Canaria. Lokalitete so
označene s številkami od 1 do 28, enako kot v seznamu nahajališč in njihovih opi-
sov.
Discussion
In December 2019 visit to Gran Canaria the primary focus was on discovering
most of the endemic species on the island and confirming their localities, or more im-
Family/species Locality Number of locations
Pieridae
1. Pieris rapae 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28 18
Lycaenidae
2. Azanus ubaldus 3, 19 2
3. Cacyreus marshalli 4, 21, 26, 27 4
4. Leptotes pirithous 23 1
5. Lycaena phlaeas 3, 17, 24 3
6. Zizeria knysna 1, 3, 10, 13, 23, 27 6
Nymphalidae
7. Danaus plexippus 1, 10, 13, 21, 25, 27 6
8. Vanessa atalanta 10, 16 2
9. Vanessa cardui
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 
26, 27, 28
26
10. Vanessa vulcania 1, 18 2
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
48
portantly, discovering some new ones. unfortunately only 10 species out of 26 were
observed at 28 visited locations scattered all over the island, with only one being en-
demic (V. vulcania). Despite the fact, that some species are very rare migrants on
Gran Canaria (Danaus chrysippus, Catopsilia florella, etc.) or could not be observed
during certain months (including December) because of their life cycles (Thymelicus
christi, Hipparchia tamadabae, etc.) (Wiemers 1995), the number of the observed
species is unexpectedly low. one of the possible reasons could be the massive fires
that engulfed a large part of the island in August 2019 or more importantly the severe
drought that caused them (Copernicus 2019).
After visiting roughly half of the localities, my primary focus shifted from en-
demic species to the recently introduced ones, since some of them were not even
expected to be found in December (A. ubaldus), let alone be discovered on new lo-
cations. Despite some other species also being found on the previously unknown
localities (V. cardui, L.  phlaeas, P. rapae), the most intriguing finds were the
species that were only recently discovered on the island (C. marshalli, L. pirithous)
or were thought to be very rare and known only from few locations (A. ubaldus)
(Wiemers 1995; Naranjo morales et al. 2018). the rest of the discussion will there-
fore focus mainly on the species of blues (Lycaenidae) that recently invaded Gran
Canaria.
Cacyreus marshalli (Butler, 1898)
C. marshalli is a small butterfly mostly found in southern Africa, but has recently
colonized its northern part, as well as southern parts of europe, most mediterranean
and some Atlantic islands (Wiemers et al. 2013). on the island of Gran Canaria it
was first observed in July 2005 in the city of teror (Acosta-Fernández 2005), but has
since spread to most of the humid northern parts of the island, mostly to towns and
villages, where Geranium and especially Pelargonium (its larval food plants) abound.
Despite being widespread in the humid northern part, the butterfly was thought to be
absent from the more arid western and southern part of the island, the only recently
discovered locality being maspalomas (Wiemers et al. 2013; Naranjo morales et al.
2018). However, the species was recently found in the south also in villages and
towns such as mogan and Santa Lucía de tirajana according to observations reported
on observation.org (2019). 
Surprisingly, the only localities, in which the butterfly was observed during this
December visit, also lie in the arid southern and western parts of the island. the
species was found on four locations, namely mogan, Santa Lucía de tirajana, Ar-
guineguin and La Aldea de San Nicolas de tolentino. those observations suggests
that the butterfly successfully colonized the remaining - more arid - parts of the
island and is now distributed throughout the island, at least in the villages and towns
where its larval food plants are available. So far the butterfly was restricted only to
the anthropogenic environments and Pelargonium plants, but the fear remains that it
could also spread to the places with wild Geranium species, competing with the
Luka Øturm: Contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Gran Canaria (Canary islands
49
native Aricia cramera butterfly. the findings in December also confirm the thesis
that the butterfly is on the wing all year round (Wiemers 2013).
Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767)
Another recent inhabitant of Gran Canaria is L. pirithous, a widespread Pan-
African species found throughout the mediterranean basin. In the Canary Islands it
was first recorded on Fuerteventura in 1994 (Kistner & Beck 2000) and it later
colonised most of the archipelago. on Gran Canaria it was first observed in maspalo-
mas in 2011, but has since spread across the island. It mostly inhabits the anthropogenic
environments and could thus be found in gardens, parks and fields throughout villages
and towns (Wiemers et al. 2013; Naranjo morales et al 2018). 
It flies in continuous broods throughout the year and so far it was reported from
northern, eastern and southern part of the island, mostly near the coast (Naranjo
morales et al. 2018). recently it was also seen further inland in mogan
(observation.org 2019), which is also the westernmost location reported until now.
In this article the first sighting from the west coast, as well as the westernmost
location so far, is reported, since the butterfly was observed and photographed in the
watermelon field in Playa de tasarte. It seems that the species is spreading really fast
and has already colonized the entire island, which means that the sightings like this
in December will not be rare any more.
Azanus ubaldus (Stoll, 1782)
A. ubaldus is a very small butterfly, common in arid environments from northern
Africa to India, and is also found in some parts of the mediterranean region (Gas-
coigne-Pees 2016). It is one of the rarest butterflies on Gran Canaria, until 2018
known only from three localities – maspalomas, el Berriel and Barranco de Ar-
guineguin (Naranjo morales et al. 2018). It was first discovered in 1982 in mas-
palomas (Playa de Inglés), but that was not recognised until 1992, when it was
correctly identified (olivier & Van der Poorten 1992). the species was not seen
again until 2007, when it was rediscovered on the same locality (Schurian 2008).
In 2016 the second locality was discovered (el Berriel), and in 2018 last of its
three localities was found (Barranco de Arguineguin). All three known localities
lie on the southern part of the island relatively close together, and even though it
was speculated that the butterfly will colonize other arid parts of the island, where
its food plants are found (especially Acacia farnesiana and Prosopis juliflora), it
was not observed anywhere else (Gascoigne-Pees 2016; Naranjo morales et al.
2018). 
Surprisingly, this December the butterfly was not only observed again in Las
Crucitas (Barranco de Arguineguin), thus confirming previous findings, it was also
found in a village of el risco, which lies in the north-western part of the island in
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
50
Luka Øturm: Contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Gran Canaria (Canary islands
51
Figure 2: A) Azanus ubaldus (Las Crucitas; Barranco de Arguineguin); 16.12.2019.
B) Acacia  farnesiana found on the locality of el risco, where A. ubaldus was
observed; 10.12.2019
Slika 2: A) Azanus ubaldus (Las Crucitas; Barranco de Arguineguin); 16.12.2019.
B) Acacia  farnesiana najdena na lokaciji el risco, kjer je bil opažen A. ubaldus;
10.12.2019
tamadaba Natural Park, almost on the opposite side of Gran Canaria. At the locality,
a single imago was observed flying near a concrete fence, settling briefly on the
leaf of a nearby palm, just enough for photographing and identification. At first,
the finding came as a total surprise, but later quite a few of its food plants (A. far-
nesiana) were observed in the vicinity. the A.  farnesiana trees were discovered
also at the nearby parking lot, suggesting, that a larger area could be considered as
a suitable habitat for the species.  It looks like that the butterfly somehow bridged
the mountainous gap in between and colonized the new locality. the finding also
suggests that there are likely additional colonies present elsewhere on the island
since the whole western edge of the island is arid and thus appropriate for its host
plants. 
As reported by previous authors, the species seems to be active all year round also
on the island, and is possibly spreading due to its host plants gaining ground as well
(Gascoigne-Pees 2016; Naranjo morales et al. 2018). It can be thus expected that
new localities of this species will be discovered soon on Gran Canaria. 
Conclusions
In December 2019 visit of Gran Canaria ten butterfly species were found out of
26 recorded so far (Naranjo morales et al. 2018; Naranjo morales & Suárez ramos
2019), at 28 localities. From the gathered data it can be concluded, that the invading
species are becoming more widespread across the island. the most important discovery
is a new locality for A. ubaldus, a rare inhabitant of the island, which was so far not
observed flying in December. the new locality is especially significant, since it was
found far away from the previous localities on the opposite side of the island. this
also indicates, that new colonies of the butterfly are likely to be found somewhere in
between these localities. those findings confirm that some of the recently introduced
species are consolidating on the island and are becoming its permanent residents,
mostly due to human influence. 
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to prof. Dr. rudi Verovnik for all the help – the guidance, relevant
literature and reviewing the article. 
References
Acosta-Fernández, B., 2005: Cacyreus marshalli Butler, [1898] en Fuerteventura y
Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias, españa) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). SHILAP
Revista de Lepidopterología 33(131): 245-246. 
Copernicus: Emergency Management Service - Mapping, european union – Joint
research Centre, 2019: emS Information bulletin nr. 120 – the Copernicus
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
52
emergency management Service monitored the impact of forest fires in Gran
Canaria, Spain. urL: https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/sites/default/files/
files/IB%20emSr379%20381%20382%20Forest%20fires%20in%20Gran%20C
anaria%20Spain_v2.pdf [accessed 20.1.2020, 22:45].
Emerson, B.C., 2003: Genes, geology and biodiversity: faunal and floral diversity
on the island of Gran Canaria. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 26(1): 9-
20.
Gascoigne-Pees, M., 2016: the life cycle and ecology of Azanus ubaldus (Stoll,
1782) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) on Gran Canaria. Entomologist’s Gazette 67:
153-163.
Juan, C., Emerson, B.C., Oromí, P., Hewitt, G.M., 2000: Colonization and diver-
sification: towards a phylogeographic synthesis for the Canary Islands. Trends
in Ecology & Evolution 15(3): 104-109.
Kistner, F., Beck, A., 2000: Falterbeobachtungen auf Fuerteventura: erstnachweis
von Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767) für die Kanarischen Inseln (Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N. F., 21(2):
99-102.
Naranjo Morales, M., Suárez Ramos, D.B., Martín, S., 2018: mariposas diurnas
de Gran Canaria. Butterflies of Gran Canaria. Sociedad entomológica Canaria
melansis, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 104.
Naranjo Morales, M., Suárez Ramos, D.B., 2019: NotA / Note. Primera cita del
piérido Euchloe charlonia (Donzel, 1842) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) en Gran
Canaria (Islas Canarias). Arquivos Entomolóxicos 21: 23-24. 
Observation.org, Stichting observation International, Amsterdam, Netherlands, urL
https://observation.org [accessed 28.12.2019, 12:40].
Olivier, A., Van der Poorten, D., 1992: Azanus ubaldus (Cramer, 1782) on Gran
Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Phegea 20(4): 151-
154.
Schmincke, H.-U., Sumita, M., 1998: 27. Volcanic evolution of Gran Canaria re-
constructed from apron sediments: synthesis of vicap project drilling. In: Weaver,
P.P.e., Schminke, H.-u., Firth, J.V., Duffield, W. (eds.): Proceedings of the
ocean Drilling Program, Scientific results, Vol. 157. College Station, tX (ocean
Drilling Program): 443-469.
Schurian, K.G., 2008: Wiederfund von Azanus ubaldus (Cramer, 1782) auf Gran
Canaria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins
Apollo N.F. 28 (3/4): 187-188.
Snazzy Maps, Krogh, A., urL https://snazzymaps.com [accessed 29.12.2019, 22:30].
Wiemers, M., 1995: the butterflies of the Canary Islands. A survey on their distri-
bution, biology and ecology (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea).
Linneana Belgica XV(2): 63-118.
Wiemers, M., Acosta-Fernández, B., Larsen, T.B., 2013: on the recent invasion
of the Canary Islands by two butterfly species, with the first record of Leptotes
pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767) from Gran Canaria, Spain (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 41(161): 95-104.
Luka Øturm: Contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Gran Canaria (Canary islands
53
Wiemers, M., Balletto, E., Dincă, V., Fric, Z.F., Lamas, G., Lukhtanov, V.,
Munguira, M.L., van Swaay, C.A.M., Vila, R., Vliegenthart, A., Wahlberg,
N., Verovnik, R., 2018: An updated checklist of the european butterflies (Lep-
idoptera, Papilionoidea). ZooKeys 811: 9-45.
Received / Prejeto: 7. 1. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
54
ZANIMIVE NAJDBE VRSTE LILIOCERIS TIBIALIS
VILLA & VILLA, 1838 V SLOVENIJI 
(COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CRIOCERINAE)
Bojan Kofler
Podlubnik 301, SI-4220 Škofja loka
e-mail: bojan.kofler@telemach.net
Izvleček – Vrsta Lilioceris tibialis je bila najdena v Sloveniji. Najdišči se nahajata
nad Črnim jezerom in na južnem pobočju gore Tosc, obe v Julijskih Alpah.
KlJuČNe BeSede: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae, Lilioceris, favna, Slove-
nija
Abstract – INTereSTING fINdINGS of THe SPeCIeS LILIOCERIS TIBIALIS
IN SloVeNIA (ColeoPTerA: CHrYSoMelIdAe: CrIoCerINAe)
Lilioceris tibialis was found in two locations in Slovenia. first finding place lies
near the lake Črno jezero and the second on the south slopes of the Mountain Tosc,
both in the Julian Alps.
KeY wordS: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae, Lilioceris, fauna, Slovenia
dne 10. 7. 2017 je bilo v Julijskih Alpah na 2275 m visokem Toscu (slika 1) ulo-
vljenih pet primerkov lepencev iz rodu Lilioceris. Najdišče se nahaja na južnem,
travnatem pobočju gore, na nadmorski višini 1900 m. Podrobna raziskava morfoloških
značilnosti in genitalij je dala zanimive rezultate. ujeti primerki so pripadali dvema
vrstama: Lilioceris tibialis in Lilioceris schneideri. dve leti  kasneje (natančneje 4. 9.
2019) je avtor na istem najdišču, tokrat na nadmorski višini 1850 m, našel na eni
sami rastlini še 8 novih osebkov. Vsi so pripadali vrsti Lilioceris tibialis. Glede na
razpoložljive podatke v literaturi naj bi bilo to prvo znano najdišče vrste v Sloveniji.
ob dodatnem pregledu osrednje zbirke hroščev Slovenije v Prirodoslovnem muzeju
Slovenije pa so bili najdeni še trije primerki z najdišča Črno jezero v Julijskih Alpah.
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Preiskani material:
Slovenija, Julijske Alpe, nad Črnim jezerom, > 1400 m: 12. 6. 1997, 3 ex, leg. d.
Tome, det. in  coll. S. Brelih (osrednja zbirka hroščev Slovenije, Prirodoslovni muzej
Slovenije, ljubljana)
Slovenija, Julijske Alpe, Tosc, 1900 m: 10. 7. 2017, 1♀, leg., det., coll. B. Kofler
(Zbirka CBKS, Škofja loka)
Slovenija, Julijske Alpe, Tosc, 1850 m: 4. 9. 2019, 5 ♂, 3 ♀, leg., det., coll. B.
Kofler (Zbirka CBKS, Škofja loka)
Lilioceris tibialis (slika 2) je redka visokogorska vrsta in je endemit Alp. Bila je
ujeta v Avstriji, Nemčiji, Švici, franciji (Bezdek & Mlejnek, 2016) in v Italiji (fauna
europaea, 2019). Za Slovenijo do sedaj o najdbah ni bilo objavljenih podatkov (fauna
europaea, 2019). 
Vrsta ima eno generacijo na leto. odrasli osebki po zaključenem prezimovanju že
zgodaj spomladi odlagajo jajca na spodnjo stran listov hranilnih rastlin. Izlegle ličinke
se hranijo na različnih vrstah divjih lilij, zlasti na Lilium martagon. odraščajoče
ličinke so zaščitene z debelim fekalnim ovojem. Ko odrastejo, se zabubijo v zemlji.
Novi imagi se pojavijo pozno poleti in se takoj pričnejo hraniti. Po nekaj tednih
odidejo na prezimovanje (Bezdek & Mlejnek, 2016).   
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
56
Sl. 1: Najdišči vrste Lilioceris tibialis v Sloveniji
Bojan Kofler: Zanimive najdbe vrste Lilioceris tibialis Villa & Villa, 1838 v Sloveniji (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae)
57
Sl. 2: Lilioceris tibialis, naravna velikost: 7,7 mm (foto: Miroslava Kofler)
ulov nad Črnim jezerom in ulova na Toscu potrjujejo stalno prisotnost vrste na
slovenskem ozemlju. V prihodnosti torej lahko pričakujemo nove najdbe z novih lo-
kacij v Julijskih Alpah.
Zahvala
Avtor se zahvaljuje dr. Tomiju Trilarju, ki mu je omogočil preiskavo primerkov
iz osrednje zbirke hroščev Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije.
Literatura
Bezdek, J. & Mlejnek R., 2016: Chrysomelidae: donaciinae, Criocerinae. Folia
Heyrovskyana, 27: 38 – 52.
Fauna Europaea, 2019: https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/fa256ca5-70a5-
43cc-82fa-b90d55f06d4d. obiskano: 31.10.2019.
Prejeto / Received: 20. 1. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
58
The firsT record of PANORPA RUFOSTIGMA WesTWood, 1846
from NorTh macedoNia (mecopTera: paNorpidae)
Libor Dvořák1, Ana NAhirNić2 & Dušan DevetAk3
1 tři Sekery 21, 35301 Mariánské Lázně, Czech republic, 
e-mail: lib.dvorak@seznam.cz
2National Museum of Natural history, tsar osvoboditel Blvd. 1, 
1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: ana.diaphana@gmail.com
3 Department of Biology and institute of Biology, 
ecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics,
University of Maribor, koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia, 
e-mail: dusan.devetak@guest.arnes.si
abstract – the scorpionfly species Panorpa rufostigma Westwood, 1846 has been
recorded for the first time in North Macedonia. this finding shifts the range border
of the species by ca. 145 km northwards. A photograph detailing the male genitalia
of P. rufostigma is presented for the first time.
key WorDS: faunistics, Panorpa rufostigma, scorpion fly, North Macedonia.
izvleček – PrvA NAJDBA ŠkorPiJoNke PANORPA RUFOSTIGMA WeSt-
WooD, 1846 v SeverNi MAkeDoNiJi (MeCoPterA: PANorPiDAe)
Prvič je za Severno Makedonijo zabeleženo pojavljanje vrste škorpijonke Panorpa
rufostigma Westwood, 1846. Z najdbo se je severna meja njenega poznanega areala
premaknila za pribl. 145 km severneje. Na fotografiji so prvič predstavljene genitalije
samčka vrste P. rufostigma.
kLJUčNe BeSeDe: favna, Panorpa rufostigma, škorpijonka, Severna Makedonija.
Panorpa rufostigma is a relatively rare scorpion fly species strictly restricted to
the southernmost parts of the Balkan Peninsula. Published records with exact localities
are known from southern Albania (Bartoš, 1965) and several records from southern
Greece: Attiki, Pindos Mts, kerkira (korfu) island, Peloponnisos, and evvia (euboa)
island (Lauterbach, 1972; Willmann, 1977; Pollmann et al., 2008; Dvořák, 2018). 
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Panorpa rufostigma Westwood, 1846 (Figs 1–2)
North Macedonia: vardar region, Demir kapija, east of Besvica village, gorge of
Besvički dol river, 255 m a. s. l., 41°22'58"N, 22°11'45"e, 28. 10. 2018, light traps,
1♂, leg. A. Nahirnić & S. Beshkov, det. D. Devetak, revid. et coll. L. Dvořák.
Details of the habitat: pseudomaquis with Fraxinus ornus L., Juniperus excelsa
M. Bieb., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Paliuris spina-christi Mill., Pistacia terebinthus
L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fig. 3).
Details of the trap design: Collecting methodology involved 2-3 portable light
traps with an 8 Watt actinic (368 nm) and 8 Watt "Blacklight" luminescent tubes,
both powered by 12 volt batteries, as well as a Finnish "tent trap" with a 160 Watt
Mv bulb at the top of the pole and a 20 Watt (368 nm) black light lamp over the
catching pot below. An additional 20 Watt (368 nm) lamp was also positioned about
70 m from the tent trap. All traps ran throughout the night.
this record from North Macedonia represents the northernmost known locality of
P. rufostigma (Fig. 4). this finding shifts the range border of the species by ca. 145
km northwards. As recently published data on Panorpa spp. records from the southern
Balkans show (Dvořák, 2014, 2016a, 2016b; Dvořák & Georgiev, 2017), more
interesting records should be expected.
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
60
fig. 1. right fore wing of Panorpa rufostigma with unmistakenable red
pterostigma. Photo: D. Devetak.
Libor Dvořak, Ana Nahirniå, Duøan Devetak: The first record of Panorpa rufostigma Westwood, 1846 from North Macedonia
61
fig. 2. Male genitalia of Panorpa rufostigma. Photo: D. Devetak.
acknowledgements
We are grateful to Stoyan Beshkov (Sofia, Bulgaria) for assistance in the field.
this contribution was partly supported by the Slovenian research Agency and the
research Programme Computationally intensive Complex Systems (P1-0403).
references
Bartoš, e., 1965: ergebnisse der Albanien-expedition 1961 des Deutschen
entomologischen institutes. 35. Beitrag. Mecoptera. Beiträge zur Entomologie,
15: 661-664.
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
62
fig. 3. the locality of Panorpa rufostigma in North Macedonia. Photo: A. Nahirnić.
dvořák, L., 2014: the first record of scorpion-fly Panorpa schweigeri Willmann,
1975 (insecta, Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from Bulgaria. ZooNotes, 51: 1–3. 
dvořák, L., 2016a: the second record of Panorpa thrakica Willmann, 1976 (insecta,
Mecoptera, Panorpidae). ZooNotes, 88: 1–4. 
dvořák, L., 2016b: First record of Panorpa germanica rumelica Lauterbach, 1972
(Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Macedonia. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 48(1):
71–73. 
dvořák, L., 2018: New records of the scorpion fly Panorpa rufostigma Westwood,
1846 (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Greece. Parnassiana Archives, 6: 7-9.
dvořák, L. & Georgiev, d., 2017: New and interesting records of scorpion flies of
the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Bulgaria with a country
checklist. Ecologica Montenegrina, 15: 22–25. 
Lauterbach, K.-e., 1972: Zur kenntnis der Skorpionsfliegen des Balkans (Mecoptera,
Panorpidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 19: 109-140.
Libor Dvořak, Ana Nahirniå, Duøan Devetak: The first record of Panorpa rufostigma Westwood, 1846 from North Macedonia
63
fig. 4. the presently known distribution of Panorpa rufostigma. orig. D. Devetak.
pollmann, c., misof, B. & sauer, K.p., 2008: Molecular phylogeny of panorpodid
scorpionflies: An enigmatic, species-poor family of Mecoptera (insecta).
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 8(2): 77-83.
Willmann, r., 1977: Zur Phylogenie der Panorpiden europas (insecta, Mecoptera).
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 15: 208-231.
Received / Prejeto: 12. 3. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
64
CRIORHINA FLOCCOSA (MEIGEN, 1822), A NEW HOVERFLY
(DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) IN THE FAUNA OF CROATIA
Mihailo Vujić1 and Toni Koren2
1HabiProt, Cankareva 9/13, 21000 novi Sad, Serbia, 
e-mail: mihailovujic01@gmail.com
2Association Hyla, Lipovec i, n. 7, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, 
e-mail: toni.koren@hhdhyla.hr
Abstract – Criorhina floccosa is a large, bumblebee-mimic and saproxylic hoverfly
which mainly inhabits deciduous forest habitats and its larvae develop in rot-holes,
wet decaying roots, but also in live trunks. The range of this species includes almost
all of europe, but it had not been recorded in Croatia so far. C. floccosa was registered
on the territory of Croatia for the first time in the Macelj Mt., on March 17, 2020.
The specimen was caught on Salix caprea catkins, at the edge of a mixed deciduous
forest of Fagus sp., Quercus sp. and Castanea sativa.
Key wordS: eristalinae, faunistics, forest habitats, saproxylic insects
Izvleček – CRIORHINA FLOCCOSA (MeiGen, 1822), noVA MuHA
TrePeTAVKA (diPTerA: SyrPHidAe) V FAVni HrVAŠKe
Criorhina floccosa je velika, čmrlju podobna, saproksilna muha trepetavka, ki v
glavnem naseljuje listavske gozdne habitate, njene ličinke pa se razvijajo v gnilobah,
vlažnih propadajočih koreninah, pa tudi v živih deblih. razpon razširjenosti vrste za-
jema skoraj vso evropo, vendar na Hrvaškem doslej ni bila zabeležena. C. floccosa
je bila 17. marca 2020 na ozemlju Hrvaške prvič registrirana na planini Macelj.
osebek je bil ujet na cvetovih Salix caprea, na robu mešanega listopadnega gozda
bukve (Fagus sp.), hrasta (Quercus sp.) in kostanja (Castanea sativa).
KLjučne beSede: eristalinae, favnistika, gozdni habitati, saproksilne žuželke
Hoverflies are a large family of flies (diptera: Syrphidae), with over 6000 described
species worldwide (Thompson, 2013). european hoverfly fauna numbers more than
920 species and in Croatia about 200 species were registered (radenković, 2008;
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nedeljković, 2011; Speight, 2018). Hoverfly fauna of Croatia is generally poorly re-
searched, and additional species are expected to be recorded in the country in the
future. Some neighbouring countries have a better researched hoverfly fauna, such as
Serbia (with over 412 species registered) and Slovenia (with over 310 species regis-
tered) and in both countries, new species are registered each year (de Groot &
Govedič, 2008; de Groot et al., 2010; Van Steenis et al., 2013; janević & de Groot,
2018; Miličić et al., 2018; Vujić et al., 2018; Šebić et al., 2019; Van Steenis et al.,
2019; Vujić, 2020). 
Criorhina Meigen, 1822 is a genus of large bee or bumblebee mimics and from
other genera that are bee or bumblebee mimics (Arctophila, Brachypalpus, Mallota,
Pocota etc.) can be separated by the typical form of antennae. in Criorhina, the
third segment is much shorter than it is wide and the first segment is thinner and
forms a stalk. Also, in contrast to Pocota or Brachypalpus, Criorhina’s face projects
downwards and facial knob is present (van Veen, 2004). in europe, 6 species of the
genus Criorhina have been recorded so far: C. asilica (Fallen, 1816), C. berberina
(Fabricius, 1805), C. brevipila Loew, 1871, C. floccosa (Meigen, 1822), C.
pachymera (egger, 1858) and C. ranunculi (Panzer, 1804). C. berberina, C. floccosa
and C. ranunculi are bumblebee mimics, while C. asilica, C. brevipila and C.
pachymera are bee mimics (Van Veen, 2004; Speight, 2018). in Croatia, 3 species
of this genus were registered so far, C. asilica, C. berberina and C. ranunculi
(Langhoeffer, 1919; Marcuzzi, 1941; Coe, 1956; Vujić & Milankov, 1990;
radenković, 2008).
Criorhina floccosa is a large bumblebee-mimic and saproxylic hoverfly. its
larvae develop in rot-hole of Ulmus, wet, decaying roots of Fagus stumps, within
the mass of wet tree humus, but were also found in large, live trunks of Acer
pseudoplatanus, 1.5m from the ground (Speight, 2018). Adults occur in deciduous
forests, where they mainly visit flowers of trees or shrubs (Cornus sanguinea,
Crataegus, Photinia, Prunus spinosa, Ribes alpina, Rubus ideaus, Sorbus spp.),
but also visit white umbellifers (van Veen, 2004; Speight, 2018). This species can
be separated from other Criorhina species by combination of morphological char-
acters: barette (hypopleural ridge) bare, first and second basal cells of wings with
extensive areas bare of microtrichia, femur 3 marginally thickened and not curved,
tibia 1 and 2 with pale, short, adpressed hairs at the back, tergites from 2 to 4
without grey or yellowish dusted bands, tergite 2 with distinct side tufts of long
yellow hairs, tergites 3 and 4 with short, dense reddish hairs (Van Veen, 2004;
Speight, 2017).
during a survey of insects on the Macelj Mt. (northern Croatia), one female spec-
imen was caught by a standard sweeping net method. The species was feeding on
Salix caprea catkins together with bees and bumblebees, in deciduous forest of beech
(Fagus sp.), oaks (Quercus spp.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). identification
was based on the morphological characters and performed by using keys in Van
Veen, 2004 and Speight, 2017. The record was entered into the database of Croatian
insects – biologer.hr (http://www.biologer.hr/).
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
66
Criorhina floccosa (Meigen, 1822) (Fig. 1)
Material examined: CroATiA, Mt. Macelj, lat: 46.260041, long: 15.882631,
17.3.2020, 468m a.s.l., 1 ♀, leg. T. Koren.
notes: new for the fauna of Croatia. one female specimen was caught next to the
road in a deciduous forest, near to Macelj village in northern Croatia (Fig. 2).
The range of C. floccosa includes southern Sweden and denmark south to the
Pyrenees, from ireland eastwards through central europe, northern italy, some parts
of the former yugoslavia, european parts of russia as far as the Caucasus (Speight,
2018). in the former yugoslavia, this species was registered in bosnia and Herze-
govina, Montenegro, north Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia (Strobl, 1898; Glumac,
1968; Vujić & Milankov, 1990; Vujić & Milankov, 1999; de Groot & Govedič,
2008; radenković, 2008).
Speight, 2018 quotes that C. floccosa adults fly from the beginning of April to the
beginning of july. our specimen was registered on March 17th, and this early occur-
rence can be explained due to the unusually mild winter and the warm beginning of
spring.
Further surveys of hoverflies of the country should yield new and interesting
records. An important tool for this could be different citizen science platforms on
Mihailo Vujiå, Toni Koren: Criorhina floccosa (Meigen, 1822), a new hoverfly (diptera: Syrphidae) in the fauna of Croatia
67
Fig. 1: Criorhina floccosa, female habitus (photo: T. Koren).
which citizens can input their observations which can then be verified by local experts.
we invite all experts and amateur entomologists visiting Croatia to import their data
directly in the platform biologer.hr (http://www.biologer.hr/) in order to expand the
knowledge about Syrphidae of the country and region.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Aleksa Maksimović for revision and correction of
english of this article and nina Vuković for identification of Salix caprea.
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Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
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Fig. 2: The location where C. floccosa was collected in Croatia (A) and photo of
the habitat (b); (photo: T. Koren).
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doslovnog Društva, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40.
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Slovenian hoverfly fauna (diptera: Syrphidae). Book of abstracts, 10th Inter-
national Symposium on Syrphidae, 8th-12th September 2019. Lesvos, Greece
Thompson, F. C., 2013: Syrphidae. Systema  Dipterorum, Version 1.5. 13354
records. Available on: http://www.diptera.org/ [accessed on 5 September
2013].
Van Steenis, J., Nedeljković, Z., Tot, T., Van der Ent, L-J., Van Eck, A.,
Mazánek, L., Šebić, A., Radenković, S. & Vujić, A., 2019: new records of
hoverflies (diptera: Syrphidae) and the rediscovery of Primocerioides regale
Violovitsh for the fauna of Serbia. Biologia Serbica, 41(1): 94-103.
Van Steenis, W., De Groot, M., Van Steenis, J., 2013: new data on the hoverflies
(diptera: Syrphidae) of Slovenia. Acta entomologica slovenica, 21(2): 131–
162.
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njačkog muzeja u Beogradu, b 45: 105-114.
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Mihailo Vujiå, Toni Koren: Criorhina floccosa (Meigen, 1822), a new hoverfly (diptera: Syrphidae) in the fauna of Croatia
69
Vujić, A., Radenković, S., Nedeljković, Z. & Šimić, S., 2018: A new check list
of hoverflies (diptera: Syrphidae) of the republic of Serbia. Matica srpska
Journal for Natural Sciences, 135: 7-51.
Vujić, M., 2020: Cheilosia herculana brădescu, 1982, a new hoverfly (diptera:
Syrphidae) species for the fauna of Serbia. Acta entomologica serbica, 25(1):
xx-xx.
Received / Prejeto: 26. 3. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
70
MALLOTA FUCIFORMIS (FABRICIUS, 1794) (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE), 
A NEW HOVERFLY SPECIES IN SLOVENIA
Maarten de Groot1 & dejan Janević2
1department of Forest Protection, Slovenian Forestry institute, 
večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, maarten.degroot@gozdis.si
2Levec 22, 3301 Petrovče, Slovenia
Abstract – the hoverfly species Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794) was recorded
in Slovenia for the first time. it was found in Ponikva pri Žalcu, Grče on the 13th of
april 2020. one specimen was found on a flowering cherry laurel (Prunus lauro-
cerasus) in the vicinity of a forest stand with deciduous and coniferous trees. this is
the first record of the genus Mallota in Slovenia.
Key wordS: diptera, Syrphidae, fauna, Slovenia, first record
Izvleček – MALLOTA FUCIFORMIS (FaBriCiUS, 1794) (diPtera: SyrPHi-
dae), nova vrSta MUHe trePetavKe v SLoveniJi
nova vrsta muhe trepetavke je bila zabeležena v Sloveniji: Mallota fuciformis
(Fabricius, 1794). vrsta je bila najdena na Ponikvi pri Žalcu, Grče, dne 13. 4. 2020,
na cvetočem lovorikovcu (Prunus laurocerasus) v bližini mešanega gozda. Gre za
prvo najdbo muhe trepetavke iz rodu Mallota v Sloveniji. 
KLJUčne BeSede: dvokrilci, muhe trepetavke, živalstvo, Slovenija, prva najdba
in the last few years several new species of hoverflies (diptera, Syrphidae) have
been recorded for Slovenia (Janević and de Groot, 2018; Šebić, et al., 2019). this
group of flies has become more and more popular as they are very conspicuous –
they look like bees or wasps, and are important pollinators. they fulfill also other
functions in the ecosystems, for example by feeding on aphids and plants, and they
are also indicators for the status of dead wood in forests (Speight, 1989; reemer,
2005; rotheray and Gilbert, 2011).  
Slovenia is a diverse country in many ways. this is mainly due to its unique loca-
tion, namely at the meeting point of the alpine-, Submediteranean-, Subpanonian-
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and dinaric regions (Ciglič and Perko, 2012). From the ecological point of view,
Slovenia boasts numerous highly diverse habitats. in total, 315 hoverfly species have
been recorded for Slovenia (de Groot and Govedič, 2008; de Groot, et al., 2010;
van Steenis, et al., 2013; Janević and de Groot, 2018; Šebić, et al., 2019). one of the
genera that have not yet been found in Slovenia is Mallota (Meigen 1822). there are
five species of Mallota hoverflies in europe. M. cimbiciformis and M. fuciformis can
be found throughout europe, M. megilliformis is found in the Central- to northern
europe, M. tricolor in the Central europe and M. dusmeti only on the iberian Peninsula.
other Mallota species can be found in other parts of the world (reemer, et al., 2009).
adult Mallota hoverflies have a very short flying period and often fly high in the
canopy. their larvae are rat tailed maggots and live in moisty rot holes in trees
(reemer, et al., 2009). in this paper, we present a new species for Slovenia: Mallota
fuciformis, which is also the first record of the genus in Slovenia.
the field work took place in Ponikva pri Žalcu, Grče in Central Slovenia. the
specimen was only photographed. the species was identified with Bot and van de
Meutter (2019).
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
72
Fig. 1: adult male of Mallota fuciformis found in Ponikva pri Žalcu, Slovenia
Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794)
Material examined (Fig 1). Slovenia, Ponikva pri Žalcu, Grče (GKX: 510346,
GKy: 127739, Fig 2), 13.04.2020, altitude: 450 m asl., 1♂, photo d. Janević.
the specimen was found resting on a leaf of the cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus)
(Figure 1) that was in full bloom. M. fuciformis is often found on flowering trees and
bushes in other parts of europe (reemer, et al., 2009; Bot and van de Meutter, 2019;
Speight, 2020). the specimen was found in a forested area with deciduous and conif-
erous trees. in other parts of europe it is found mainly in deciduous forests and parks
with old trees (reemer, et al., 2009; Bot and van de Meutter, 2019). the larvae are
found in rot holes of old trees (Bot and van de Meutter, 2019). Forests in Slovenia are
relatively old, and many rot holes can be found which are potential breeding sites for
this species.
this is the first species of the genus Mallota in Slovenia. according to Fauna eu-
ropaea, M. cimbiciformis was found in austria, italy and Hungary. So, it would not
be surprising to find this species in the coming years in Slovenia.
Acknowledgments
we would like to thank John Smit for the second opinion of the identification of
this species and an anonymous reviewer and dr. andreja Kavčič for comments on a
previous version of the manuscript.
Maarten de Groot, Dejan Janeviå: Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Syrphidae), a new hoverfly species in Slovenia
73
Fig. 2: distribution of Mallota fuciformis in Slovenia (de Groot M. 2020. Karta
razširjenosti za Mallota fuciformis. Podatkovna zbirka gliv Slovenije Boletus infor-
maticus., ogris n. (ur.) (16.04.2020))
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Received / Prejeto: 17. 4. 2020
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
74
BRACHYOPA BIMACULOSA DOCZKAL & DZIOCK 2004 
AND CALLICERA FAGESII GUÉRIN-MÉNEVILLE, 1844, 
TWO NEW HOVERFLIES (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) 
IN THE FAUNA OF SERBIA
Mihailo Vujić*, ivan ToT
HabiProt, Cankareva 9/13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 
*Corresponding author; e-mail: mihailovujic01@gmail.com
Abstract – During a survey conducted in March and April 2020 on the Avala Mt.,
near to the capital city of Serbia, Belgrade, two new hoverfly species for the fauna of
Serbia were collected – Brachyopa bimaculosa and Callicera fagesii. Both species
were caught on mud on the forest road in a mixed deciduous forest. These species are
saproxylic and their presence on the Avala Mt. indicates well-preserved forest habitats.
Both species are registered in Serbia for the first time.
Key worDS: eristalinae, saproxylic insects, forest habitats, faunistics
Izvleček – BRACHYOPA BIMACULOSA DoCZKAL & DZioCK 2004 iN CAL-
LICERA FAGESII GuÉriN-MÉNeViLLe, 1844, DVe NoVi MuHi TrePeTAVKi
(DiPTerA: SyrPHiDAe) V FAVNi SrBije
Med raziskavo, izvedeno marca in aprila 2020, sta bili na gori Avali blizu glavnega
mesta Srbije, Beograda, zbrani dve novi vrsti muh trepetavk za favno Srbije – Brachy-
opa bimaculosa in Callicera fagesii. obe vrsti sta bili ujeti na blatu, na gozdni cesti
v mešanem listnatem gozdu. Ti vrsti sta saproksilni in njuna prisotnost na Avali po-
meni, da so gozdni habitati dobro ohranjeni. obe vrsti sta v Srbiji prvič registrirani.
KLjučNe BeSeDe: eristalinae, saproksilne žuželke, gozdni habitati, favnistika
Hoverflies (Syrphidae) are one of the most species-rich families of Diptera, with
over 6000 described species in the world belonging to 188 genera (Thompson, 2013).
european hoverfly fauna numbers more than 950 species and more than 412 are reg-
istered in Serbia (Vujić et al., 2018; Van Steenis et al., 2019; Speight, 2020; Vujić,
2020).
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Brachyopa Meigen, 1822 are medium size, poorly haired hoverflies, with a yellow
head, abdomen and usually thorax as well (Vujić, 1991). This genus doesn’t show
any clear sign of mimicry, and appears more like Muscidae or Scathophagidae. Adults
usually can be found on bark or flowers of white umbellifers or Crataegus (Van
Veen, 2004). in europe 22 species occur and 11 of them were registered in Serbia: B.
bicolor (Fallen, 1817), B. dorsata Zetterstedt, 1837, B. grunewaldensis Kassebeer,
2000, B. insensilis Collin, 1939, B. maculipennis Thompson, 1980, B. panzeri Goffe,
1945, B. pilosa Collin, 1939, B. plena Collin, 1939, B. silviae Doczkal & Dziock,
2004, B. testacea (Fallen, 1817) and B. vittata Zetterstedt, 1843 (Vujić et al., 2018;
Van Steenis et al., 2019; Speight, 2020).
Callicera Panzer, 1809 are large, bee-mimic hoverflies, with long antennae and a
black or metallic shiny body (Van Veen, 2004).  Almost all species are orange-red or
golden haired, and the metallic shine is more common in females. The genus Callicera
can be distinguished from other hoverfly genera by a following combination of char-
acters: antennae long (normally longer than the head, at least as long as the head), an-
tennae with terminal style, entire body is black, without any yellow marks (usually
with metallic shine), haired eyes, scutellum with a ventral hair fringe and cross-vein
r-m is in basal half of cell dm (Smit, 2014). in Palaearctic region 9 species of the
genus Callicera are present, while in europe 6 species were registered (Smit, 2014;
Speight, 2020). in Serbia, three species of this genus were recorded so far, Callicera
aenea (Fabricius, 1777), C. aurata (rossi, 1790) and C. spinolae rondani, 1844
(Nedeljković et al., 2009; Nedeljković et al., 2015; Vujić et al., 2018). The larvae of
Callicera are saproxylic and can be found in rotten hardwood and rot-holes of different
species of trees (van Veen, 2004; Speight, 2020).
The survey was conducted in 2020, and specimens were collected by a standard
sweeping net method. The new species for the fauna of Serbia were registered at čara-
pićev Brest, on Avala Mt., in the mixed deciduous forest of Fagus, Quercus, Fraxinus,
Acer, Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus, Tilia and some planted coniferous trees, such as
Abies alba and Pinus nigra. individuals of Brachyopa bimaculosa and Callicera
fagesii were caught on mud on the forest road. The specimens were prepared by a
standard procedure and identification was performed by using a key in Speight, 2017.
All the data were entered into the database of Serbian insects – Alciphron (http://alci-
phron.habiprot.org.rs/). The maps were prepared in Alciphron database and QGiS
2.18.2. The collected specimens were deposited in private collection of Mihailo Vujić.
Two new species were registered for the first time on the territory of Serbia. Both
species were collected in the mixed deciduous forest on čarapićev Brest, on the
Avala Mt., on March 21 and April 6, 2020. The locality where the specimens were
collected is marked on the maps in Figures 1D and 1C.
Brachyopa bimaculosa Doczkal & Dziock 2004 (Fig. 1A)
Material examined: Serbia, Belgrade, Avala Mt., čarapićev Brest, (Decimal De-
grees: latitude: 44.694966  longitude: 20.524984), 6. iV 2020., 2♀, leg. M. Vujić.
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
76
Notes: New for the fauna of Serbia. Two female specimens were caught on mud,
on a road in the mixed deciduous forest, mainly of Fagus, with sporadic trees of
Quercus, Acer, Fraxinus, Carpinus, Tilia, Robinia pseudoacacia and planted conif-
erous trees of Abies alba and Pinus nigra. Photo of the habitat where B. bimaculosa
was caught is presented in Figure 1C.
Callicera fagesii Guérin-Méneville, 1844 (Fig. 1B)
Material examined: Serbia, Belgrade, Avala Mt., čarapićev Brest, (Decimal De-
grees: latitude: 44.694966  longitude: 20.524984), 21. iii 2020., 1♀, leg. M. Vujić; 6.
iV 2020., 2♀, leg. M. Vujić.
Notes: New for the fauna of Serbia. on the Avala Mt., three female specimens
were caught in total, on mud, on a road in the mixed deciduous forest, mainly of
Fagus, with sporadic trees of Quercus, Acer, Fraxinus, Carpinus, Tilia, Robinia
pseudoacacia, but also planted evergreen trees, such as Abies alba and Pinus nigra.
Photo of the habitat where C. fagesii was caught is presented on Figure 1C.
Brachyopa bimaculosa is a rare species which was registered only in three european
countries so far: Germany, Greece and Slovenia (Speight, 2020). From other european
species of the genus Brachyopa, B. bimaculosa can be separated by characters from
the keys in Speight, 2017: arista with hairs no longer than a maximum diameter of
arista, mesoscutal disc bluish grey to black, wings without dark marks, abdomen
brownish orange or yellow, antennal segment 3 without sensory pit, proepimeron
with long, pale, scattered hairs, each inner extremity of the transverse suture with a
more or less shining patches, hind femur slender (more than 5 times as long as its
maximum depth), mesoscutum without shining, black, undusted marks on each sides,
posterior to the humeral callus and anteror to the transverse suture, haltere entirely
yellow, all sternites entirely dusted and mid coxa bare posteriorly.
Callicera fagesii is a rare species which occurs in a deciduous forest, with ancient
Fagus and Quercus trees. Their range includes a large part of europe and some coun-
tries in Asia, it can be found in the Netherlands, Belgium, France (south to the
Mediterranean, including Pyrenees), Germany, Portugal, Spain, italy (including Sar-
dinia), Greece, Turkey, some parts of the former yugoslavia and Turkmenistan (Zim-
ina, 1986, Speight, 2020). From other european species of the genus Callicera, this
species can be separated by characters from the keys in Speight, 2017: antennal seg-
ment 2 no more than half as long as antennal segment 1, antennal segment 3 twice as
long as antennal segments 1 + 2 together, hind femora angled ventrally, femora
mostly black and tarsomeres 3-5 of all legs are also black, all hairs on scutellar disc
are longer than antennal segment 1, hairs on general body surface are yellow-brown
to grey brown, tergite 4 often black-haired, tibiae may be orange, but at least hind
tibia often brownish or partly black. The most similar species to C. fagesii is C. mac-
quarti, and adults of it fly in autumn (September and october), while C. fagesii adults
fly in spring and summer (from the beginning of April to the end of june) (Speight,
2020). The first specimen caught on Avala Mt. was caught on March 21st and that
Maihailo Vujiå, Ivan Tot: Brachyopa bimaculosa Doczkal & Dziock 2004 and Callicera fagesii Guérin-Méneville, 1844
77
can be explained due to the unusually mild winter and warm beginning of spring in
Serbia. A few days after the first specimen was caught, there was a sudden rush of
cold weather with snow and sub-zero temperatures lasting for several days, but spec-
imens were also collected and observed after that.
Although most of the forests on the Avala Mt. are often logged and at these places
usually young forests exist, on some parts, such as čarapićev Brest, forests are well-
preserved with many ancient trees of Fagus, Quercus, Acer, Carpinus and Fraxinus.
The specimens in this paper were collected on a road in one of the well-preserved
parts, where planted coniferous forest of Abies alba and Pinus nigra, as well as
Robinia pseudoacacia were also present. The presence of the two saproxylic hoverflies
presented in this paper, but also the presence of other saproxylic hoverflies and
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
78
Fig. 1. A) Brachyopa bimaculosa, habitus of females; B) Callicera fagesii, habitus
of a female; C) Photo of habitat of B. bimaculosa and C. fagesii; D) Locality where
B. bimaculosa and C. fagesii were collected in Serbia; e) Locality where B. bimaculosa
and C. fagesii were collected on čarapićev Brest, Avala Mt.
beetles registered there, clearly indicates the importance of conservation of forest
habitats of the Avala Mt.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Aleksa Maksimović for revision and correction of
english of this article and Toni Koren for translating in Slovenian.
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79
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (1), 2020
80