|slovenia| REPUBLIC of SLDVEniH ' df These papers have been prepared by Gerard and Nevenka Qarkein cooperation with the Slovenian National Council (SNC) of Victoria and the Australian Slovenian Conference(ASC). Gerard Clarke owns a publishing firm Pocket Books. Nevenka Golc-Clarke is a statistician and a computer Systems Analyst and Programmer. We owe special thanks to Slovenian National Council of Victoria, especially to Mr Stanko Prosenak (Vice President of SNC) and Mrs Helena Leber (Slovenian Radio Program announcer) for their full support and givingus access to the documentation of the SNC, Mrs Stanka Gregoric (Editor of Slovenian Letter (Slovensko Pismo) and Secretary of ASC) for hervaluable information resources, Ms Draga Gelt (author of the book "The Slovenians from the Earliest Times") for revising the history part of the text and for organizing photographic prints of maps and pictures for the text. Mrs Sherrill O'Connor-Sraj (solicitor) and Mr Garry Moore (barrister) for their case concerning the legal point of view presented to Senator Evans and for their translations of some of the legal documents. and of course to the Ministry of Slovenia especially to Dr Janez Dular and Mr Martelanc from the Ministry for Slovenians all over the World, Mr Robert Base) from the Ministry for ForeignAffairs, Mr Branko Celar from the Ministry for Internal Affairs for sending us numerous official data and for their prompt response to our requests. Special thanks go also to Mr Tony Qarke (Immigration Consultant) for revising and commenting onthe text and all others who have helped to create this text and are not mentioned here. All translations are done hy Nevenka Golc-Clarke unless differently specified. These papers can be used, if desired, in their entirety or in part, as needed, to benefit Slovenia, provided proper cred it is given to the authors and contributors. Melbourne, 18 Aug, 1991 THE SLOVENIAN COAT OE ARMS, THE SLOVENIAN FLAG and THE SLOVENIAN ANTHEM The Coat of Arms: The Coat of Arms is in a shape of a shield. Three peaks in the middle represent Triglav (TheThree-Head mountain) which often symbolise the Slovenian people - an old Alpine nation. Triglav is the highest mountain of Slovenia as well as being the highest mountain of formerYugoslavia. Numerous rivers have their springs in these mountainous regions and descendslowly or rapidly in the shape of waterfalls to the valleys below. Rivers and other waters arepresented with waves under the Triglav peaks. Above Triglav there are three hexagonal starswhich were the symbol of the Counts of Celje -whose extinction was an important tragic milestone for the Sloven ian nation. The colours are white for Triglav and golden for the stars. Both are imprinted on a blue background with a red strip around the Coat. The The colours of the Slovenian flag are white, blue and red in that sequence starting from the top. These colours have been used to symbolise the Slovenian people for centuries. Slovenians rejoiced in 1836 when the Austrian monarch Ferdinand I announced the colours to be officialcolours of the province Carniola (Slovenia). The colours have their origin in the old Coat ofArms of the province of Carniola. White means purity and innocence. Blue is the sign of stability and sturdiness. Red is love for the homeland. The golden colour symbolises freedom. The anthem: The anthem has been made of a poem of the famous Slovenian romantic poet France Preseren(1800-1849). It is called Zdravljica (The Toast). The poem has eight verses. Because of its length, only the first and the seventh are usually sung. The poem tells the group of friendsrejoicing arter having another year of a good wine crop. Friends are toasting to Slovenia, Slovenian men, Slovenian women, to all other nations longing for freedom and to themselvesbecause they are good people in their hearts. * See Chapter 2 -Short History of Slovenian Nation TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Slovenia in Niunbers 2. Short History of Slovenian Nation 3. Main Points of Tito's Yugoslavia 4. Yugoslavia after Tito or Reasons Why Slovenia Has Become Independent 5. The Declaration of Independence 6. The Referendum for Independence 7. The Elections in Slovenia 8. Constitutional Rights for Secession 9. Brioni Declaration 10. Report Concerning the Control Over Slovenian Borders 11. Briefly about the Economy of Slovenia 12. Legal Case Presented to Senator Evans with Notes and Comments 13. Comments on Australia's Stand on Slovenian Recognition 14. Don't Skip This Appendix A Another Thesis of Slovenian Origin Appendix B More About Ducal Installations Appendix C Official Referendum Results in Slovenian language Appendix D Official Election Results in Slovenian language Appendix E Copies of Parts of the Yugoslav Constitutions Relating to the Right for Secession in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian Language Appendix F Speech of Mr Milan Kucan Delivered to Slovenian Parliament in English Language Appendix G Official Acceptance of Brioni Declaration by Slovenian Parliament in Slovenian Language Appendix H Official Report Concerning the Control of Slovenian Borders in Slovenian Language Appendix I Official Document about the Trade Between Australia and Slovenia in Slovenian Language Appendix J Atomic Spas in Podcetrtek in English Language Appendix K List of Sources 1 Let 's Get to Know Slovenia w SLOVENIA in NUMBERS % ^ H,Stl6CU> -y C ftidjmM • *vi DemographyPopulationMen Women till 14 years 15 to 39 years 40 to 64 years over 65 years Maior Cities-population Ljubljana (capital) Maribor Ceije Kranj Nationalities fNo of) Slovenians Montenegrins Croats Macedonians Muslims Serbs Albanians Italians HungariansYugoslavs others Employment total women 1989 1,999,000 970,000 1,029,000 421,000 782,000 585,000 211,000 1990 279,000 108,000 42,000 37,000 1981 1,712,445 3,217 55,625 3,288 13,425 42,182 1,985 2,187 1,435 26,263 20516 1989 850,000 391,000 %YU 85 75 85 8.6 9J Land 1991 territory(square km) 20,251 Borders fin km) 1991 Austria 324 Italy 202 Hungary 88 Croatia 546 length of sea coast 46.6 Culture 1989 Museums 39 Libraries 151 Theaters 8 Orchestra 4 Cinemas 158 Library attendance (per 1000) 1848Theater attendance (per 1000) 198Cinemas attendance (per 1000) 1896Radio subscribers (per 1000) 303 Book circulation (per 1000) 3547 Media 1989 Da ily newspapers (number) 3 Circulation (in mill ions) 77 TV stations (number) 2 Scientists and technicians 1986 Total 603,000 Scientists/engineers 60,000 • women 22,000 Technicians 543,000 -women 234,000 %YU 8 YU 380 1937 72 32 1165 1051 121 1860 196 2172 YU 28 690 9 Slovenian Trade in USD $1000 Export-1990 Import-1990 Export-1989 YU-Export-89EEC countries 2,382,194 2,763,655 1,747,557 3,468,450 Belgium, Luxembourg Denmark 34,969 22,077 66,443 30,125 29,566 14,814 France, Monaco 401,760 551,605 260,532 Greece 29,325 22,663 23,755 Ireland 9,395 7,185 4,335 Italy, San Marino Holland 775,253 54,620 745,531 88,815 650,858 46,403 PortugalSpainGreat Britain 2,053 22,333 116,432 6,120 52,300 94,391 1,101 12,245 96,882 Germany 913,977 1,098,477 607,066 EFT A countries 349,217 625,117 Austria 222,658 426,070 Finland 12,081 11,462 Island 298 714 Liechtenstein 1,174 5,535 NorwaySweden 10,545 50,918 7,696 66,322 Switzerland 51,543 107,318 Other developed countries (US,Aus) 275,345 437,867 Socialist countries 844,701 614,769 Countries in development 266,368 293,157 Structure of Slovenian Industry in 1990 in Food, beverages Textile, clothing, leather Wood and finished products of wood % ratio Export4.09 10.71 7.74 Production 7.48 13.49 727 Employment 6.88 19.86 8.42 Paper and finished products of paper Chemical and pharmaceutical industry Non-ferris refining industry Metal primary industry Metal industry -finished products Other industry 5.80 12.01 3.08 754 47.63 1.40 6.08 12.26 4.49 623 36.20 1.70 4.77 7.78 5.20 5.51 38.03 1.28 Electricity, gas, water 0.00 4.80 227 Reeislerred firms, businesses, etc.. N o v 1 9 9 0 Net income per person in YUD. average monthly 1989 YU Industry and mining Agricultue and fishing ForestryCivil engineering Hydro-electric industry Transport To u r i s m 2226 157 16 239 584 3221 417 Industry and mining Agriculture and fishing Forestry Hydro electric industry Civil engineering Transport Merchandise 4957 5862 5582 7645 4511 6489 4885 3861 3801 3775 3579 4757 4077 Small business 916 To u r i s m 5010 3651 Te c h n i c a l a n d a l i k e 4588 Small business 5146 4109 Financial businesses 7696 5789 Education and culture 7323 5405 Medical profession Politicians 6719 7967 5288 5795 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Export DepartmentLJUBLJANA TRADE BETWEEN SLOVENIA AND AUSTRALIA (Translated from the official document in Slovenian language which can be found in Appendix I) in $1000* Federal Bureau of Statistics YEAR EXPOR T Yugoslavia Slovenia % Slov/Yup 1975 5^16 3,320 (05 1976 6,467 3,501 54.1 1977 6,695 3,177 475 1978 8,991 6,244 69.4 1979 11,309 7,242 64.0 1980 11,398 6,305 55.3 1981 19,141 9,666 505 1982 19,492 13,414 68.8 1983 14,978 9,357 625 1984 20,280 13,095 64.6 1985 24,794 14,878 60.0 1986 23,220 6,988 30.1 1987 34,696 9,123 263 1988 39,886 13,311 33.4 1989 40,900 15,027 36.7 1990 64,720 18,439 285 I-III 91 8,589 4,986 58.1 I -V 9 1 8,079** IMPOR T 1975 52,681 8,110 15.4 1976 42,591 7,325 173 1977 103,659 12,935 125 1978 95,362 8,015 8.4 1979 91,656 9,110 9.9 1980 88,249 9,351 10.6 1981 89,586 10,453 11 . 7 1982 86,768 11,658 13.4 1983 48,013 9,507 19.8 1984 89,899 12,091 143 1985 95,639 12,301 12.9 1986 94,534 13,554 143 1987 88,573 17,354 19.6 1988 99,256 19,239 19.4 1989 136,912 30,168 22.0 1990 97,700 24,648 253 I-III 91 9,418 3,186 33.8 I -V 9 1 1,038*" * The official document doesn 't say whether the report is in USD or AUD. ** The data of National Bank of Slovenia, Ljubljana, July 1991 2 Slovenian Nation Is an Alpine Nation Not a Balkan nation SHORT HISTORY OF SLOVENIAN NATION In successive waves of migration from the sixth to the eighth century, the Baltic and western Carpathian Slavs* settled the territories of currently known as Czechoslovakia, andAustria, andparts of current Germany, Italy and all of Slovenia. There was no class distinction among Slavs and everyone had equal rights. There were no hereditary noblemen, as there were in Germanic and other nations, because Slavs did not consider that noblemen were decendants of Gods, whom the lower classes (subjects, bondsmen) had to obey and honour(l). Slavs settling the territory of Slovenia are named Slovenians. Old settlers of the territorywere Hyric and Keltic tribes living under the old Roman Empire which had dedined greatly atthat time. Not many Illyrs and Kelts assimilated easily into the Slovene population. The time ofSlovene settlement was far from peaceful. Slovenes were constantly attacked by Avars. From thewest the Franks and Bavarians also pushed south to gain more territory. In the year 623 the leader Same led the Slavs in a war against the Avars. The war was on theterritories of Moravia and Bohemia (currently Czechoslovakia), Austria and Carinthia (theSlovene territory now called Lower Austria). The Slovenian Slavs faught under the leader Valuk. The Slavs won and Samo became the ruler of the above territories. Because of this, Samo appeared dangerous to neighbouring Franks and Bavarians. Together with Langobards andAlemans they declared war on Samo. The war from 626-629 ended with a complete victory forSamo. The approximate borders of Samo's state are on the next map. In Samo's state Carinthian Slavs (Slovenes) had a seat at the Castle of Krn (today Kamburgin south Austria/ slov. Kmski Grad), where they could enjoy their life in a free and independentstate. Their first duke was Duke Valuk. He liv^ in the Castle with the group of notables cal lled * There are thesis that Slovenians have different origin as that of Slavs. In appendix A, see the thesis by which Sloven ians might have or iginated through Venet is. iCoseziXslov.) or Edlingers (ger). These notables played a large role in the ducal installation. Carinthians maintained their independent state for over a hundred years even after the decline ofSame's empire in 658 when he died. Slovenians were electing their dukes long after they later losttheir independence to the Franks and Germans. After Slovenia lost its independence the Empire proposed a duke, but he still had to be confirmed by Kosezi (Assembly of Slovenian notables). Theinstallation of Carinthian dukes is so specific and characteristic and has had so much impact on the world democracy that we feel we need to describe it in more detail. Later, we will return back to the times of the decline of Same's state. Installation took place at the Knezji kamen (Eng. Prince's Stone) (Ger. Fursfentein) at the foot of the Krmki grad (Ger. Kamburg). ... ... After the death of the old duke, the Kosezi - Edlinger gathered at a meeting of the Edlinger courts where they elected and swore in their representatives to the Edlinger assembly(Ger. Ding, Diet). The Kosezi - Edlinger assembly first chose the judge of the land, and under hisleadership a vote was held whether to accept the suggested new duke. The judge asked all Kosezi -Edlinger and each in particular whether the new duke seemed "useful, good and welcome" tothem and to the land. If they rejected him, the Empire had to give them a new duke, but if the majority agreed, the decision was held to be a unanimous one of the whole assembly, and "rich" and "poor" betook themselves to the Gosposvetsko polje (Ger. Saafeld) where, at the Prince's Stone near Krnski grad (Ger. Karnburg), power was handed over to the new duke on the part of theland. The duke was clothed in peasant dress (i.e. in grey pants, a grey coat with a red bell, hishead covered with a grey hat with a grey band and his feet encased in peasant clogs), placed on amare and was led around the Prince's Stone three times. The people who were standing aroundsang an old Slovenian song of praise to God. Thereby the duke took over all the rights which were due to him as duke and lord. ... ...The installation of Dukes of Carinthia was well known all over the Europe. The author ofthe life story of King Charles V, Pero Mexia, the 'magnifico caballero', from Seville, hasincluded in his work Selvia de varia lecion a report regarding the ducal installation. ... ...The Installation of the Dukes of Carinthia was of Great Interest to Thomas Jefferson, whenhe was working on the Declaration of Independence (1776), and read the work by Jean Bodin, Lessix livres de la republique (1567). The history of the installation were one of the sources that helped Jefferson come to the conclusion that the power, handed over to a leader is not a vision ofUtopia but a form of government which Karantanci (people of Caranthania or Carinthia) hadadapted and lived under, their leaders being selected according to democratic principles* . A fragmeni of Frank i. Lausche's speach of 28 November 1967 in American Parliament, stating that according to research byDr. J. Felicijan in The Genesis of the Contractual Theory and the Installation of the Dukes of Carinthia (Koroska), Thomas Jefferson initialled a page in Bodin's Republic, describing the Slovenian ritual of the installation of the Dukes of Carinthia. * See appendix B for more information about Mr Lausche and the connection of Thomas Jefferson and the installation of the dukes of Car inthia. ...Evidence that the duke is not a ruler hy the grace of the King but by the grace of the people, is confirmed also by the use of the Slovenian costume and their supposed appearance at theimperial court, using the Slovenian language to address the Emperor, even though they were laterGermans, until the reign of Charles VI (1728).... The supra-national character of the empire was also emphasized in the Golden Bull ofCharles IV (1356). Article XXVI provides that prospective candidates for the imperial throne should leam German and Slavic. The special document Privilegium maius from the year 1359 gave the Dukes ofCaranthania special rights to receive the feud while on a horseback instead of kneeling likedukes of other dukedoms. This was evidence of the duke's importance and status - of being the supreme hunting master(l) Slovenian freedom and peace came under threat in the midst of 8th century. Avars attacksbecame severe and Slovenians asked for help their friendly neighbours, the Bavarians. The help they received cost them their freedom. Slovenians slowly lost independence to Bavarians. For centuries they were still able to elect their dukes but the ceremony was eventually adapted toritualistic and religious changes. Under the Bavarians the Slovenians were forced to accept Christianity which resulted in alot of fighting as the Christian religion was established in Slovenia. It was only after theBavarian Duke Tassilo joined with the Franks against the Slovenians that monasteries could beestablished. The foundation Charter of the monastry of Kremsmiinster is of great importance because ... it gives us not only historically invaluable information about the Slovene western boundaryon the Danube as well as about the structure of Slovene society in the eigth century, but also aperfect view of the functioning of a great monastic house of the period; it is moreover a classicalexample of a medieval grant of land. The charter is prima facie evidence that Slovenespenetrated to the Traun; that Tassilo stopped them and tried to contain them in restricted areas to which, however they did not keep; that these Slavs lived in their own social groups and under their own laws and customs; that the Bavarian colonists had to be brought into the donated territory, and that duke Tassilo thought so much of this foundation and of its mission, that - as heput it - "tradidi quod potui" - he gave all he had,...(l) Slovenians were slowly accepting Christian religion. A new threat for peace came from theeastern side of Europe in the ninth century. Hungarians had endangered and attacked Franks andBavarians for decades. Slovenians and Bavarians fought together against the Hungarians. Germans were so impressed by the hearty fighting of Caranthania that the territory was given a special role as a leader in the reconquest of the Prankish Eastern provinces, whichhad been lost during the invasions. Caranthania became, in 976, a separate Dukedom.(l) but the dukes appointed were all of German origin and were appointed by the King as hepleased which caus^ a lot of discontent amongst Caranthanians.The size of the Dukedom is on the next map: from tf>e Misiorr AUts. by Or J Lucic ano Or 2 Dugaety. Zagreb. 1977 M Marches IborOerlanOsI SALZBURG DUCHY OF i' ^ BAVARIA C __ ^ ____ __ Karantanjj* | ^ ' KNElEV iNA 5 r' \ KAKANTANtJA — « M ^ N _5 \\=-X !>-=».— _DUCHV^F 1 KARANTHANIA"^^ J LICNZ CARINTHIA « STYfllA ' -V DRAVA ' jj >,, ."'i* ^ ^ Drivska -^Kf.nlaka N— CEUE" ^ j-5 .'-S CARNIOLA ^ ^-^r^ '/ Sjvlnjtki < UUBUANA^SAVINJA "1 »CORICA V M —V / 5— ¦ I . is ira 7 ISTRIAf i-M j KINGDOM OF ITALY B. Gr*ort were developed and many rural workers moved to the city to work in factories. In France there were major changes.The Monarchy fel ll. France became a republic.Anew great leader. Napoleon Bonaparte, emerged out of the revolutionary times. He led France to win against Britain and soon spread his rule across Germany, Habsburg territory, Italy, Russia (the only one who walked into Moscow). He also came to Slovenia. Captain Bernadotte was appointed to govern Slovenian territory and his proclamation showed very clearly that the French intended to treat Slovenia much better than the Austrians. The proclamation was written in the Slovenian, German andFrench languages. It stated that no Slovenian would be molested by French soldiers and that theFrench respected the customs of the nation. The French brought Slovenian equality before the law, built many roads to improve trade with Constantinople and re-established Slovenian schoolswhich had been unsuccessfully launched under Maria-Theresa. After Napoleon's fall the Slovenians once again fell under the Austrians, but Sloveniannational consciousness could not be stopped any more. Slovenian intel llectuals and wealthy peoplecollected a lot of written Slovenian material and published more Slovenian books such asGrammar etc...Patritotism was on the rise. The March revolutions, known as The Spring ofNations, occurred in 1848. These revolutions were an unequivocal demand for a national freedom ofEuropean nations and also Slovenians. In Vienna there was a group formed cal lled Slovenia.They demanded fromAustrian government the rights to protect Slovenian nationality. They presenteda pamphlet to the Emperor in which they demanded that the administratively divided Slovenians in Carniola (Kranjska), Carinthia (Koroska), Styria (Stajerska) and Littoral(Primorska) should be united as one Kingdom bearing the name of Slovenia and having its ownnational parliament. They also demanded that the Slovenian language should have preciselythe same rights in Slovenia as the German language in Austria and they demanded to haveSlovenian representatives in theAustrian Parliament. They have achieved 14 deputies in the parliament in the year 1848-49. Nevertheless all until the first world war, 1914-1918, Slovenia was still under Austria. During the war a Yugoslav Club was formed to join Slovenes, Croats, Serbs and other Slavic nations under one state which Slovenes hoped would give them more freedom than any form ofliving underAustria. The declaration read to theAustrian Parliament 30 May 1917 by Slovenian Chairman of the Yugoslav Club Dr Anton Korosec was: "Those deputies, members of the Yugoslav Club, demand that -according to the principles of national selfdetermination and Croat state rights -all territories of the monarchy inhabited bySlovenians, Croats, and Serbs should be united into one autonomous state based upon democraticprinciples. They will put forth every effort to implement this demand. They participate inparliamentary work with this reservation.."(1). After the war a new state was formed called a Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Although Slovenians rejoiced their new hope for freedom of exercising their nationality, they were disappointed. They realized that because of diverse series of peace treaties, over a third ofthe Slovenian population was surrendered to Austria and Italy. Also the new Kingdom soonshowed its real nature. The first King of the newly formed Kingdom was of Serbian nationality. The kingdom became soon a dictatorship. In 1929 King Alexander declared a dictatorship and changed the constitution. Another dictatorshipwas onthemarchin1930s.Hitler decidedtojoinaUEuropeunder German leadershipandonly theworldwar withmil llions oflives loststoppedhis plans.Atthe beginningofthewar in1941Yugoslav governmentsur rrenderedtoGermany straightaway.Butthe people didn't.All the naHons of Yugoslavia started a gueril lla war against the German occupation.V\eKingescapedtoEngland.Germans hadtokeepover ahundredthousandsoldiers m Yugoslaviaconstantly, whoweresupposedtofightelsewhereespecial lly inSovietUnion. Dunngthewar anew leader,Tito,emergedinYugoslaviafrom thepeoples side.Hejoinedthe Yugoslav nations againsttheGermanoccupationandalsoagainstthemonarchistic regime.After thewar theKingwas notal llowedtoreturn.Six republics andtwoautonomous provinces joinedon the tesis of equal rights into a federation giving each nation the right to exercise their national freedom. The constitution of Yugoslavia in 1945, and also the current constitution from 1974reserve the right of each of the nations to secede if they wish so. Yugoslav federation worked fairly wel ll after the World War II under Tito's leadership. Each nation had the right to have their own schools, literature, and cultural development in their ownlanguage.Nevertheless ontheeconomic sidetherewerebigdif fferences betweenthe republics. Slovenia and Croatia, the most advanced, had to contribute a lot more to the federal funds tomaintainthefederationthanother republics.Partoftheir incomewentstraightaway for the undeveloped parts of Yugoslavia, which didn't seem to develop much from the contribution. After Tito's death there were clear indications of a Serbian takeover again. Serbians werestrongly pushing for a so cal lled 'Yugoslav' unified School System, the curriculum which would be control lledfrom Belgrade(Serbiancapital).Intheeconomy they wereopposingany soundreformssuggested by Slovenes or Croats which would help save Yugoslavia from financial crisis. In 1989^rbians annexedtheautonomous provinces ofVojvodinaandKosovotoSerbiawithwhichthey increased the number of votes in the presidency from one to three from the total of eight possible They started to name themselves Yugoslavia. The freedom gained to Slovenes and other nations of Yugoslavia during the World War I II wasthreatenedonceagain.Under al llthesecircumstances Slovenes deddedtosecedefrom Yugoslavia.Toensurethatthewil llofsecedingwas truethroughoutthenation,thenewly democratical llyelected Slovenian government carried out a referendum in December 1990. The result was more than persuasive, with 88.5% voting for independence amongst the 93.5 participating to the referendum. r r © On25June1991Sloveniadeclaredits independenceandthatitwas asovereignstate. (1) Draga Gelt,The Slovenians from the EarliestTimes, Coordinating Commit ttee of Slovenian Organizations of Victoria, Melbourne, 1985 Al ll pictures and maps are taken from the book Draga Gelt, The Slovenians From the Earliest Times. See appendices A, B and K for further readings. Hope to Live Together Tito's Yugoslavia MAIN POINTS OF TITO'S YUGOSLAVIA During and after the Second World War Slovenians, Croatians, Bosniaks, Macedonians, MonteNegrinsandSerbiansjoinedintheFederationofsixrepublicsandtwoautonomusprovinces (Vojvodina with the mixture of Serbians and Hungarians and Kosovo with 90% Albanian population). TheYugoslavFederationworkedfairlywel llafterWorldWarIIunderTito'sleadership. Eachofthenationshadtherighttohavetheirownschools,literature,andculturaldevelopment in their own language. Nevertheless, economically, there were big differences between the republics. Slovenia and Croatia, the most advanced, had to contribute a lot more to federal funds to maintain thefederation than the other republics. In addition, part of their income went directly to the undeveloped parts of Yugoslavia, which didn't seem to benefit much from the contribution. After the introduction of so called "Selfmanagement" system the economy started tobecomechaotic.Theaimofthesystemwastogivetheworkerscontroloverproductionresources. This way the communistic and socialistic principle of having the workers the owners of the productionresourceswouldbeimplemented.Theworker-manageristhenresponsibleforfailuresas wel ll.Thisturnedintoasystemwhichmanageditself(self-management)orinotherwordsnobody managed it. After the war and until the early eighties (1970 and later) Slovenia had been developingitseconomyinlinewithwesternEuropeancountriessuchasItalyandC^rmany.Atthebeginningofthe eighties the communist party was gaining more and more control, not only of the politicalarena but it also penetrated heavily into economy and cultural life as well.Agreat number of expertsintheeconomyfoundthemselvesinlimbo.Theycouldnotexercisetheirknowledgebecause ofthedominantcommunistroleintheeconomyandtheycouldnotevenleavethecountry(ascanfor example suppressed technical staff) because their profession wass strongly linked to Yugoslavia. Titoforesaw thatonenation might seekto dominate the othersthereforehe gave to eachnation the right to secede.The right to secede, based on selfdetermination, was part of the 1945 Constiutution and is in the current Constitution of 1974 as well.* In order to diminish the power of one republic the YugoslavArmy was established withthe participants of each nation. Men from each republic were sent to serve theArmy in all theother republics, with only some of them serving theArmy in their native republics. TheArmyPersonnel were also moved all over Yugoslavia. This way nations would get to know each other, soldiers would get to know other territories, which might be useful if Yugoslavia was attackedfrom outside. This way also ensured that the Army was a mixture of nationalities which wouldreduce the likelihood that one nation could take over another.TheArmy would simply fall apartor start to fight between itself if there was an internal conflict. That actually showed to be thecasewhenSloveniawasattacked.Over2700Yugoslavnationalarmyservicemenwerecapturedordeserted to the Slovenian side during the recent conflict along with 700 officers who also crossed tothe Slovenian side.Alot ofArmy Generals and officers resigned due to disagreements about theactions taken against the nations of Yugoslavia. Tito's Army was probably a good arrangement but there was a catch 22 in it. What if thekey positions in the Army were taken over by Generals of only one nation? Innocent soldiers "on the * See Chapter 8 -Constitutional Rights for Secession ground" of all other nationalities would become puppets in the hands of the one nation's generals. That way this marvelleous concept of the Army would become suicidal for the other nations. Thearmy would become, not only the Army of only one nation with other nationalities fighting anddying for it, but also would place al ll the weaporuy and equipment in the hands of only one nation. This army could not be cal lled the protector of the peoples of Yugoslavia any more. This happenedin Yugoslavia with the Serbian generals in total control of the hierachy of the armed forces, usingtheir authority to impose their will against the other republics. After the Soviet Union's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Yugoslavia started to formlocal Territorial Defence units in order to prepare the people to defend themselves against anyoccupier. These would act in addition to the official defence forces of the Yugoslav Army. Territorial Defence has much less equipment than the official Army but its main value is toprepare local people for their own defence. During the recent events in Yugoslavia, namely before Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence, the Army with the Yugoslav Presidencyblessing, ordered all the Territorial Defences in Yugoslavia to hand over all their equipment to the Army and therefore to deliberately deprive the nations of any protection against anyinvasion. Only part of the equipment was handed over. Some was stolen by Army break-ins to thewarehouses and arms arsenals of the Territorial Defences. The Army budget comprises about 65% of the Federal budget. 4 Symbiotic Common Life of Nations with Different Cultures and Common Life of Big and Small Nations Is Possible Only on the Basis of Mutual Respect and Recognition YUGOSLAVIA AFTER TITO or REASONS WHY SLOVENIA HAS BECOME INDEPENDENT We present this chapter of the history to show that the Yugoslav crisis did not start on 25thJune 1991 with the Declaration of Independence by Slovenia and Croatia, but it is deeply rooted inthe times of the previous twenty years or so . Certainly the last ten years led to only one solution: to "divorce". After Tito's death there were clear indications of the Serbian desire to take over. In the early eighties Serbians were strongly pushing for so called 'School Pivots' (Solska jedra or Programska jedra) which meant a unifi&d Yugoslav School System, the curriculum being controlled from Belgrade (Serbian capital). The emphasis in the new School System would be on learning more of the Serbo-Croatian language (which they started to call the Yugoslav language). Local language was to become a secondary language. Knowledge about each nations' history would be replaced by 'Yugoslav" history. The emphasis was that history was really to representSerbian history with the history of the other republics being subscripted or made subservient toSerbian history. Natural sciences would get less hours and social sciences with an emphasis onsocialism and selfmanagement more. The proposed reform of the School System caused so muchrevulsion that it has never been able to be implemented. In Slovenia there were many cases of language abuse. There were numerous sloppytranslations of official documents, instructions for use of bought consumer products and other papers. Instructions to passengers on Slovenian trains were started to be written only in Serbo- Croatian language. If Slovenians protested to the Yugoslav Government the Slovenians werecalled chauvinists. The biggest Slovenian computer dealer, ISKRA Delta, was organizing its programming language courses in Serbo-Croatian language. The courses were intended for the audience from other Republics as well as for Slovenians, and, in their opinion, the others were notable to follow the course if it was not in their own language. The proposal to organize separatecourses for Slovenians and Serbo-Croatian speaking attendees was refused with an explanationthat there was no need to do that because Slovenians can speak Serbo-Croatian. The right to be taught in one's own language has been violated. Every time the Slovenians protested and tried toprotect themselves they were called chauvinists and separatists. In order to protect Slovenian language the biggest Slovenian newspaper 'Delo' started publishing a column called 'Language Arbitrage' (Jezikovno razsodisce). In that column cases oflanguage irregularities and violations were presented and suggestions given for better expressionin the Slovenian language. The Slovenian magazine Mladina (Youth) started revealing political, economic and other irregulatrities in Yugoslavia with a special emphasis on the irregularities of the Army. Mladina wrote about cases where the Army was conscripting people with cancer, with a full awareness ofit. They wrote about a villa being built for the top General of the Army in a secret place along the * Some, especially the political immigration of Yugoslavia, would cla im that the conflict has existed for much longer. Coast. The villa was being built by the soldiers treated as prisoners. Mladina became the most revolutionary magazine in Yugoslavia. It was censored and many times taken out of the circulation. The economy of Yugoslavia was on the brink of collapse. Obligations to cover the interestpayments could not be met any more but Federal politicians wanted even more foreign aid. Belgrade decided to centralize revenue. All income was going first to Belgrade from where it waslater given back to the Republics. There were many protests about that because the Republics' economies were vastly hampered and could not continue with their normal operation. Many lawsabout import and export were aimed against the Slovenian and Croatian economies. But one of theworst aspects was that the laws were changing so quickly that by the time papers satisfied onelaw a new law was issued. The economy becames bureaucracized. Inflation rose at one stage to over 100%. There were a few devalvations and local traders became speculative. They hid the goods toenforce higher prices. (The same problem as in the Soviet Union). Slovenians had many suggestions to improve the overall Yugoslav economy. The suggestions were usually rejected asthey were thought to only benefit Slovenians and therefore were not acceptable to others. On the other hand the Federation requires from Slovenia to pay to the Federal budget an amount whichis more than double the whole amount of Slovenian budget and that would comprise 25% of theFederal budget, which they claim Slovenia must pay because they produce about 25% of thenational income with only 8% of the Yugoslav population. Serbians are also pushing very strongly to change the Yugoslav Constitution which shouldin their opinion increase the authority of the Federation. The only way to solve Yugoslavproblems is to centralize the system. In ^eir opinion there is also no need to have a section in the Constitution which gives to each of the nations the right to secede. Vojvodina and Kosovo lost their independence to Serbia by the latter anexing them to Serbia without any referendums. This way Serbia got automatically three votes in the Yugoslav Presidency of eight representatives. Kosovo with 90% Albanians demanded to become a Republic of Yugoslavia. Slovenianssupported the protection of human rights in Kosovo. As revenge the Serbians imposed an economic blockade on Slovenia, in which Serbian firms were advised not to pay the bills for goods theyreceived from Slovenia. As the Serbian economy is in ruins itself this measure helped Serbia by forcing Slovenian enterprises to subsidise it with their produce that was not paid for. Milosevic's policies are focused only on implanting hate between the nations in order tohave Serbian people support the start of a war. The Serbian economy is in deep trouble. In Serbiaitself their is a weak opposition to the communist government. It, with the students, organised bigdemonstrations last year demanding more freedom and especially criticized control over themedia. These people were suppressed by the very same army that is today fighting other nationsin Yugoslavia. That clearly indicates that the true background of the war is to retain the old system in its full operation and with even more power to the hardliners. In order to solve the economic troubles Milosevic broke into the National Bank of Yugoslavia and stole half of the primary emissions money which is the money of all therepublics. How could anybody in the world expect from the Slovenians to want to live with such barbarians? Let us see the events in a chronological order from 1987 -1991. 1987 -1991 Chrono logically: Feb 1987 The 57th issue of the Slovenian magazine "Nova Revija" (New Magazine) publishes an article in which the worry is expressed about the situation in which Slovenian nation found itself within Yugoslavia. The crisis of the nation is manifested in a special apathy, numerous immigrations and high rate of suicide. May 1988 The groundswell of rumours about an Army invasion on Slovenia. The Federal Presidency rejects the rumours as unfounded. Secret police arrests Janez Jansa (now Slovenian Defence Minister), Ivan Borstner - Army officer, David Tasic - journalist of the magazine Mladina(Youth), and Franci Zavrl - editor of the magazineMladina (Youth) with an explanation that they found a confidential army document with JanezJansa which was published in the magazine. The process is known under the name of "The Processagainst the Quaternary". The process has a big impact on democratic developments in Slovenia. Slovenian political opposition is convinced that the process has been framed and that the intentionof the process is to restrain the started new waves in Slovenia especially to restrain the freedom of speech and print and started political pluralism. The Slovenian nation wakes up and a Commitee forHuman Rights Protection is founded which is able to attract in a very short time over one hundredthousand individuals and organizations. That is the first big organized political movement inSlovenia after the second World War. With constant actions and pressures on the SlovenianGovernment the Committe achieves that the process finished quicldy with minor charges andimprisoned four were relatively soon released. At the conference of the Yugoslav Communist Party they agree that the Communist Party is theonly carrier of the progress in Yugoslavia. A French magazine "La Liberation" gives a special attention to Milan Kucan (Slovenian President) who is offering a hand to all non communist parties and other streams. June 1988 A public opinion survey shows strong inclination of Slovenian nation towards democratization ofthe society and towards the end of communism. The Central Committe of the Yugoslav Communist Party demands ban on the publication of theSlovenian magazine "Mladina" (Youth) because it is writing about anticommunism and about circumstances on Kosovo. Milan Kucan offers an open space to all elements, parties, organizations which want to contributeto democratic reforms in Slovenia. He also emphasizes that there is no democracy without reformedmarket economy. Franc Setinc (Slovenian) member of the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Partyoffers a resignation which was refused. July 1988 In Belgrade three journalists of the Serbian magazine NIN are expelled from the Communist partywith an explanation they were destroying a democratic centralism. At the session of Central Committee of the Communist Party of Serbia they discussed about thesecurity in Kosovo. In Slobodan Milosevic's opinion, the security in Kosovo is not achievable by politick means. Serbian delegates discuss about constitutional changes. Borisav Jovic asserts that Serbia cannotfunction as a state because it is composed of three parts (Serbia, Vojvodina, Kosovo). Thedelegates from Vojvodina and Kosovo disagree. The Presidency of autonomous province of Vojvodina strongly criticizes Slobodan Milosevic whoclaims that Vojvodina and Kosovo want to become independent states with which they want tobreak Serbia into pieces. Franc Setinc (Slovenian) member in the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Partyrequires to find constitutional and pexeful solutions for the crisis on Kosovo. Aug 1988 Memebers of the Committee for constitutional changes discuss about changes in the currentYugoslav Constitution. Some of the Slovenian proposals such as to change the part in the Constitution which allows military court to judge civilists and to ban of death pen^ty are notdiscussed and are "postponed". Serbians require sacking of Peiar Malic • the president of ihe Union of Tito's Partisans from World War n (ZZB NOVJ) - who asserts that the current leadership of the Central Committee of theSerbian Communist Party tries to establish the Great Serbia. In Nova Pazova a few thousand people demand resignation of the Presidency of Vojvodina andassert allegiance to Slobodan Milosevic. Sep 1988 The Presidency of Serbia claims that the situation in Kosovo is worsening. They order to send troops of the Federal Secretarial for Internal Affairs or Federal Militia to Kosovo. Federal militia was formed in 1981 when the State of Emergency was imposed upon Kosovo the first time. TheFederal militia is supposed to act wherever there is a fear of a contrarevolution. Bosna and Hercegovina demands to solve the Kosovo problem in a peaceful manner. Meetings are organized all over Serbia in support to Slobodan Milosevic and his strong hand overKosovo. They propose that a group of Serbians and Montenegrins go to Slovenia as well to tellSlovenians "the truth" about Kosovo. These meetings are known under the name "The Meetings 'of Truth'". The Slovenian Govenunent rejects the proposal because on those meetings only one truth is heard. Franc Setinc, Slovenian member of the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Partyfinally resignes because of the atmosphere in which he cannot perform his task any more. Setincalso says that the new democratic movements in Slovenia could be an example and a contributionfor the democratic developments of the rest of Yugoslavia Oct 1988 In Ljubljana the first freely formed Council is established out of old SZDL. Its main program is theprotection of human rights. A number of scientists, literates and politicians adhered the Council. The Presidency of autonomous region of Vojvodina is forced to resign. Further protests areorganized to require resignations of all independent Vojvodina's bodies including media. The Central Committee of the Serbian Communist Party comments changes in Vojvodina as positive changes. They assert that with the events in Vojvodina the last impediment is removed onthe way to accept the new Serbian Constitution. They also suggest to expell from the CentralCommitte of the Yugoslav Communist Party Azem Vllasi (Kosovo leader), Kolla Shiroka and Svetislav Dolasevic. Slovenian delegation walkes out of the session of the Federal Committee for constitutional changesbecause of the atmosphere emerged at the session after the Army rejects the changes being accepted by the workshop. A group of Serbians from Kosovo comes in Belgrade and start a hunger strike demanding Kosovo leadership to resign. Nov 1988 German newspapers report the hidden tensions between Serbia and Slovenia. In Kosovo Vllasi and Jasharijev'a are forced to resign. About 10,000 Albanians demonstrate in their support. Meetings of Albanians are banned in Kosovo. Slobodan Milosevic claims that the Federation is irreplacable and Yugoslavia must remain a unitedeconomy territory with united system solutions and free circulations of products and services. Meetings in support to Milosevic continue. Decl988 Slovenian Assembly decides to contribute 354.1 milliards of Din and not 736.8 milliards as required by Federal Government because the real downfall of sallaries and wages hit Slovenia morethan other Republics. General Simeon Buncic criticizes some Slovenian magazines attacking the Yugoslav Army. Jan 1989 The Slovenian Government strongly criticizes the Federal Government responsible for economy, . because the latter hasn't prepared the strategy for relationship with European integrations. Isolation of Yugoslavia would hit Slovenia very badly because Slovenia is exporting 61% to EEC market. In Monte Negro around 50.000 demonstators requires resignation of the Monte Negrin Governmentwhich happens the next day. The City Committee of the Communist Party of Belgrade and Central Committe of the Serbian Communist Party require the resignation of Stipe Suvar (Croatian) - the President of the Presidencyof the Central (Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party - with an explanation that he has negative position towards Serbian politics. Ante Markovic (Croatian) becomes the President of the Yugoslav Government In Slovenia a new party. Slovenian Democratic Union is formed. Feb 1989 In Kosovo there are protests of Albanian population against excluding Azem Vllasi from theCentral Committe of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Miners go on hunger strike to force theresignation of newly appointed leaders of Kosovo by the Serbian Govemmnet. In Slovenia another party is formed - Social Democratic Party of Slovenia. The Presidency of Yugoslavia demands immediate interruption of all the strikes in Kosovo. The Stale of Emergency is declared in Kosovo. In Slovenia there are vast prostests against the State of Emergency introduced in Kosovo and there are about 450,000 signatures collected in condemning the action. Mar 1989 In Belgrade there are protests against Slovenian politicians. In Kosovo Azem Vllasi and a few others are arested. The Presidency of Yugoslavia bans new political party formations but the Slovenian AttorneyGeneral refuses the ban as there are no law foundations for it. The Presidency of Yugoslavia supports the State of Emergency meausures in Kosovo. Meetings inKosovo are banned- A curfew is introduced. About 21 people are killed and 74 wounded. Apr 1989 In Slovenia Janez Dmovsek becomes a member of the Presidency of Yugoslavia. At the session of the Yugoslav Socialist Labour Union (SZDU) they talk about a political pluralism. Youth Socialist Union of Slovenia - now Liberal Party - (ZSMS) requires an explanation for sending Slovenian reservists to Kosovo. Socialist Labour Union of Slovenia (SZDLS) breaks the link with the lulling Communist party and declares its independence. In Monte Negro the new Communist Party leader becomes Momir Bulatovic. May 1989 Slobodan Milosevic becomes the President of the Presidency of Serbia. Milan Pancevski becomes the President of the Central Committe of the Yugoslav CommunistParty. He replaces Stipe Suvar. At its session they discuss about Kosovo with an idea to discuss about Slovenia at the next session. The session ended up after 16 hours during which BrankoRadmilovic (Serbian ) was naming Slovenia everything from septuatistic to destroying Yugoslavia. Milan Kucan was defending Slovenia at that session. Slobodan Milosevic accuses Slovenia of fascistic mind towards Serbia. The Presidency of Slovenia writes to the Presidency of Serbia requiring open talks with Milosevic about recent accusations. In Kosovo there are students* demonstrations. Serbians claim that no other world minority has as many rights as Albanians on Kosovo. June 1989 The delegation of the European Parliament is sent to Kosovo but has to return because it is unableto perform its mission. The Serbian leadership demands from Slovenia to support Serbian stand on Kosovo. The SlovenianGovernment answers thju it is completely clear by now that Serbian side does not want any talks. Ideological purges in Kosovo continue. In Slovenia another party is formed • Green Party of Slovenia. The public opinion survey shows that Slovenian nation is enviably well informed regarding human rights and political rights protections. Serbians celebrate 600 years of a great battle in Kosovo in which they lost to Turks. July 1989 The Slovenian Committee for Constitutional Changes confirms undeniable right of the Sloveniannation for selfdetermination and secession. A delegate from Bosna and Hercegovina accuses the Yugoslav Communist Party to contribute to the tension between nations of Yugoslavia. The Presidencey of Yugoslavia with the president Janez Dmovsek (Slovenia) removes the State of Emergency measures in Kosovo. The Serbian Communist Party rejects accusations to be neostalinistic, monolistic, Serbian hegemonistic and unitaristic. Aug 1989 Slovenian delegates propose to the Federal assembly a change in a criminal law of Yugoslavia. The change is about the removal of the "verbal delict". Belgrade militia beats Boris Muzevic, Slovenian member of the Central Committe of the YugoslavCommunist Party in Belgrade. The incident has been regreted afterwards by the Federal Authorities. Sep 1989 In Kosovo, they start identifying and prosecuting 1665 participants of the demonstrations in March. For the second time the International Delegation for Human Rights comes to Kosovo and is again rejected by the Serbian Government In Slovenia preparations for free elections are under way. The Slovenian Presidency is receiving several warnings from Belgrade about what can happen if Slovenia accepts its constitution giving it full right to selfdetermination and seccesion. 27 Sep, the new Constitution of Slovenia was accepted unanimously. Some groups in Monte Negro and Serbia require arresting Milan Kucan and other Slovenian politicians and are calling on the Army to do their task. Oct 1989 Tensions in Kosovo are rising. 30th Oct is the first day of a trial to Azem Vlasi. Borisav Jovic (Serbian member of the Yugoslav Presidency) arrives to Ljubljana tellingSlovenians that relationship between Serbia and Slovenia are bad and may even become worsebecause of the Slovenian proposal for abolition of the trial to Azem Vllasi. Nov 1989 New demostrations in Kosovo in conjunction with the trial to Vllasi. Federal militia intervenes. Slovenian Socialist Union (SZDLS) requires to call off all Slovenian Militia from Kosovo. Serbians and Montenegrins again demand to come in large numbers to Slovenia to perform their "Meetings of Truth"'. They claim they want to come to Slovenia even for the cost of human lives. Slovenian Government rejects the proposed meetings. Dec 1989 Serbia declares an economic blockade against Slovenia. Serbaln firms are advised not to pay the bills to Slovenian firms. Serbian intelectuals assert that the Serbian Communist Party finally showed that it is prepared to make an utter mess amongst all the nations. Slobodan Milosevic in his speech to the Serbian Presidency says that Serbians will insist with the economic blockade until there are conservative forces and forces of agression in Sloverua. Belgrade gets the first opposition party - Democratic party. In Slovenia they declare political pluralism and are preparing for the first multiparty elections after the war. Jan 1990 In Slovenia opposition parties of SDZ, SKD, SDZS, Slovenian Rural Society and Green Party ofSlovenia and later others join into the Coalition called Demos. New party of Christian Democrats is formed in Slovenia. In Belgrade 14th Congress of the Yugoslav Communist party started without Slovenian delegation. Milosevic did not succeed to continue with the Congress. A petition is organized in Slovenia to leave out Socialist from the name of Slovenia. In Kosovo the demonstrations continue. There are a lot of victims. The danger for the civil war rises. In Serbia they start to collect volunteers. Feb 1990 The Communist Party of Slovenia renames itself into The Party of the Democratic Reforms. Slovenian Militia is called off from Kosovo. Slovenian Association of Writers have withdrawn themselves from the Yugoslav Association of Writers. The Slovenian Government xcepts contra-xtions in answer to Serbian's economic blockade. Mar 1990 Slovenian Assembly erases the name Socialistic from the name of Slovenia. Social Democrats present their project for realization of independency of Slovenia, April 1990 Federal Assembly requires from the Republics to adjust their constitutions and bring them in line with the Yugoslav Constitution. A disputable part in the Slovenian Constitution was the part which says that the State of Emergency can be declared in Slovenia only with the agreement of the Slovenian GovemmenL Trial to Vllasi has finished with his release. Federal Government ends up with the State of Emrgency in Kosovo. In Slovenia there are first multiparty elections after the World War 11. Milan Kucan becomes the President of the Presidency. Lojze Pelerle is the President of the Government and Demos (Coalition of the opposition) is the winnig party. May 1990 Borisav Jovic becomes the President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia by rotating system. Slovenian Government suggests to stop contributing to the funds for undeveloped parts of Yugoslavia because of liquidity problems. June 1990 Presidency of Slovenia accepts the proposition to start the procedure to accept the new Slovenian Contitution. July 1990 Slovenian Assembly accepts the Declaration of the Sovereignty of Slovenia. The Presidency of Yugoslavia calls on Slovenia to revoke the Declaration. Serbia starts with new measures of the economic blockade. Ante Markovic • the President of the Government -starts with his first phase of the propertyreforms with so called "labour bonds". Slovenia is not happy with that requiring gradual changes toavoid unexpected economic and social stresses and is rejecting nationalization or free of charge once-offs. Aug 1990 Slovenia decides that only half of the perspective Slovenian conscripts will serve the Federal Army by autumn. In Knin in Croatia, Serbian part of the population performs a referendum about the autonomy of those Serbs in Croatia. Croatia finds itself on the verge of the civil war. Slovenian Government requires that the majority of the Slovene conscripts serve the army in the 5th Army Zone which is Slovenia and Croatia. Sep 1990 Ante Markovic comes to Ljubljana with a bundle of economic reforms of which some of them are unucceptable for the Slovenian economy. The Presidency of Yugoslavia proposes to the Assembly of Yugoslavia to accept an Act which would reconstruct the country and to have in mind all options, federation, confederation or even braeking up of Yugoslavia. In Kosovo Serbians use the force on Albanians who are waiting an American delegation. Serbians also throw out the International Helsinki delegation for Human Rights Protection. Oct 1990 Serbians in Croatia declare their autonomy. They demand also the declaration of the State of Emergency in Croatia. The Presidency of Yugoslavia decides that the Slovenian Territorial Defence will be led by the Army from the 5th Army Zone from now on. Milan Kucan rejects this proposal and asserts thatSlovenia if need be will defend its sovereignty. In ljubljana a group of soldiers occupies the offices of Slovenian Territorial Defence. They take away a lot of equipment. Green Party of Slovenia presents their project "Goodbye Arms" (Zbogom orozje) with which they advocate demilitarization of Slovenia. Presidency of Yugoslavia discusses about the future of Yugoslavia. Previous options of confederations and breaking up are forgotten and Borisav Jovic (Serbian) is bringing forward onlyfederation as the only possible option for Yugoslavia. In protest Slovenian delegate Janez Dmoivsek leaves the session. In Croatia Stipe Mesic is chosen to replace Stipe Suvar in the Presidency of Yugoslavia. The Serbian Assembly accepts new economic boycott They introduce a new transport tax for the goods from Slovenia and Croatia. Nov 1990 Slovenians are informed about the possible referendum. Slovenian delegates in conjunction with the Yugoslav delegation joins the Conference of European Security and Cooperation in Paris where Slovenians present the Memorandum of the Yugoslavcrisis and intentions of the Republic of Slovenia. Dec 1990 23 Dec, the plebiscite on independent Slovenia is performed. 88.5% of the population out of 93.5% participating voted for independence. Jan 1991 Serbia breaks into the National Bank of Yugoslavia and steal half of the money for primary emission. This bank keeps the money of all Yugoslav Republics. The Yugoslav Presidency does not react on this theft. Instead they require disarmamanet of all non-army groups in Yugoslavia. Feb 1991 Presidency orders to disarm all paramilitary formations especially Croatian. Yugoslav Army shows the film about "the arming of the Croatian terrorists". At the same timeconfidential military circulation was issued about the tasks to be performed by the Army. Slovenian and Croatian Government meets in Otocec to talk about the future of Yugoslavia. Mar 1991 In Croatia local Militia and the Army face each other for the first time. Fights start in Pakrac andPlitvice. Serbian towns join Serbian Republic. 7th March, the Slovenian Assembly issues a moratorium on serving the army by Slovenian soldiers. The Presidency of Yugoslavia becomes a commander of the armed forces. They discuss to declarethe State of Emergency in the country. 15th March, the Army's proposal to solve the crisis their way is rejected. That is the reasonBorisav Jovic resigns from the Presidency but soon changes his mind and comes back. The Army threatens Slovenia because of declaring moratorium on sending soldiers to the Yugoslav Army. The Yugoslav Presidency meets in Split discussing about the future of Yugoslavia Nothing was concluded. April 1991 In Belgrade, the Yugoslav Presidency again discusses aix>ut the future of Yugoslavia. Talks are still on a standstill. A week later the Presidency meets in Brdo pri Kranju (Slovenia) to talk about the future of Yugoslavia again. No changes. Ante Maiicovic continues with his economic programs. Now he presents a new one known as 11+3. May 1991 Stipe Mesic should become a President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia by the rotating key. Seibians object. Yugoslavia has no president. In Slovenia a tension between the Army and the Slovenian Terriotrial Defence rises. One civilist looses life, another is wounded. June 1991 25th June, Slovenia and Croatia declare independence. 26th June, Slovenia is attacked by the Yugoslav Army. Talks between Sides with Different Opinion Could Not Be Achieved Slovenia Decides to Go Its Own Way and Declares Independence THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE •V ¦X Proceeding from the will of the Slovenian people and the citizens of Slovenia as expressed at the plebiscite' on the autoooi^ anc independence of the Republic of Slovenia, held on December 23, 1990; considering that under the hitherto effective constitutional order, the Republic of Slovenia had the status of a sovereign sl^wWcK •, pcercised part of its sovereign rights in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; ' consideringthattheSPRYdoes notfunctionasnlegal lly regulatedstateandthathumanrights,nationalrights andtH'e.ri^tsp : republics and provinces in the SFRY arc grassly violated; considering that the federal system of Yugoslavia docs not provide for the resolution of the current political and economlc'^is^ .. and that the Yugoslav republics have not reached an agreement that would provide for the independence of,the republics concurrent re-structuring of the Yugoslav federal state into an alliance of sovereign states; ; determined that the Republic of Slovenia will respect the equal rights of other Yugoslav republics and together with them settleaU. ^^ucstlcns relating to the common life to date on an equal ftx^ting and in a democratic and peacful way, and to r^fXCtMhc'* territorial integrity; s^^^feparedtocontiii ' ''lil nuenegotatng,inItscapacityofanautonomousandindependentstate,insitutoi iia ^oi^jYugosIav republics, j^. the Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia at joint session of all three chambers held on June 25,1991, adopted ' on the basis of amendments LXVIll. I.XXII and XCIX lu the C^onsmuiion of the Republic of Slovenia and In accordance'^tH . Article 4 of the Law on the plebiscite on the autonomy and independence of the Republic of Slovenia, the BASIC CONSTITUTIONAL CHARTE^^^ ON THE INDEPENDENCE OK THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIATI ... li. 'The Republic of Slovenia is an autonontous and independent state. . The Constitution of the SFRY Is no longer in force in the licpublic of Slovenia. • y The Republic of Slovenia takes over al ll the rights and obligations which under the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and th^ . tonstltution of the SFRY were transferred to the agencies of the SFRY. .. The takeover and exercise of the above rights and obligations will be regulated by constitutional law. II . ¦ TWstaie frontiers of the Republic of Slovenia arc the iniernationaliy recognized state frontiers between the hitherto SFRY'and the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Italy and ihe liepuhlic of i lungary in that part of the frontier in which these states borderon the Republic of Slovenia, and the frontier ui:h the Repulilie of (Voaiia i.s the frontier within the hitherto SFRY. ¦' III •• ¦•fiS, The Republic of Slovcnitiguarantees the protection ofhumanrights and fundamernal freedoms to al llpersons in theterritory ofthe Republic of Slovenia irrespective oi their nationality, without any di.seriminatU)n, and in accordance with the Constitution of theRepublic of Slovenia and the ciTecove international agreements. ^ ... -"¦ 'i&j'j TheItalianandHungariannationalcommunitiesandtheirmembersintheRepublicofSloveniaareguaranteedal llrightsderMng' '' from the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and cfrcctive international agreements. ... ¦ ¦¦¦ IV . ¦¦ , "^is Basic Constitutional Charter takes cl lleci.s with the adoption of ihc Czin.sniui iional l.aw pa.sscd by a two thirds malorltvoft three Chambers of theAs.scmbly of the Republic of Slovenia V •..I' force on ine day of iis pronuiUaiion at the joint scision of oil chambers of the AsscmbI Ljubljana, June 25, 1991. 'ITie A.ssembly of the Republic of Slovenia dr. France Uu ^ar JuV1.199V^ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENji OnihcbasisofihcriyhiofihcSlovenenationloseir-cJeierminaiion.oftheprinciplesofinternationallawandIhe.^nsHtutjo^notheformerSFRYandoftheRepublicofSkwenia,tindonthebasisoftheabsolutemajorityvoteIntheplebisciteheldStiDcwni* bcr23,1990,thepeopleoftheRcpubi iieofSlovcnitihjivedecidedtoestablishanindependentstate,theRepubl llc'Sf^Si^nl^ which will no longer be a pan of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Onthebasisofanunanimouspropo.salofallptirlitimenoirypemhagreementonanassociationofsovereignstatesontheter rri iioiyofformerYugoslavia.Withinthisassociai¦ Ifnmnki.\tai ii\\u>iddlufuitoleidnetheirjoimcronomie.polti iical,internationalandotherinlere.sts.Theachievement^ .1 Juty 1.1991 ofsuchanngree/nenf,or atha.siajoint(Icclani iiionofthedesiretoreachsuchanajp-eeinent,wouldguaranteethattheprocess of asstimingauthority inthenewly founded states and theprocess ofconstitutinganassociation ofthese states ys'oukl notcausetindt tte conpicts. On the contraty, these processes wotdd be miaual lly sti iinidating and would facilitate the process of self-detennination in al ll y^igoslav nations, the achievement of the rights of the Albanians in Kosovo, the rights of national minorities and the develop* men! of democracy in the community of sovereign states on the terriioty offormer Yugoslavia; — that in compliance with the decisions of the Sahor of the l llepid)lic of Croatia. Slovenia recognizes the Reptiblic of Croatia as a ¦sovereign stale and an international legal entity: she wil ll also recognize al ll other Yugoslav republics which proclaim themselves sovereign states. The nijmdaic lo ihc Slovene (Jclcgaie.s in ihc l-etlcral ChaniKT of ihe /\s.senibly of SI-'K of Yugixslavia and ihc dclegalions of theRepublic of Slovenia in ihc Chambers of ihc Republics and IVovlnces of the /Vwembly of ihe SI'R of Yugoslavia, is lerminaiedwi iih Ihc prtKlamai iion tif ihc Deelarai iion of Independence.The -*\s.scmbly of ihe Republic of Slovenia elects a new 12-membcr delegation. which will be auihorized lo pariieipaic in negoiiaiions regarding ihc di.s.soIuiion of Yugoslavia in the Assembly of former . Yugoslavia, in the .solving of cuneni i.s.sues in ihe iran.siiion period and in negotiations regarding the possible formation of acommunity of sovereign .siaics on ihe basis ol approval by ihc Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia. The Republic of Sloveniaappeals to the other Yugaslav republics lo delegate such authority lo ihcir rcspcei iivc delegations. 'l"hc As.scmbly of.the Republici of Slovenia aI.so expects the federal iasiliuiionsof the former SI 'RY it) pariicipaie in this proce.ss. " mmm ¦ TheAssembly oftheRepublic ofSloveniaauthorizes i iis prcseniMeml^er ofIhe1'rc.sideney oftheSTRofYugoslaviatoreprcseriChe Republic of Slovenia, in the Presidency of the Sl*R of Yugo.slnvia in conformity with the guidelines of the Assembly of the' ^ 'public of Slovenia. • S^lissues which.stil llremaintoberesolved,.suchas the.status oftheYugixslav Nati iiinalArmy intheRepublic ofSlovenia,com-."' pclcncics in the sphere of Intcrnai iioni iil rcli iiiions tind the issue of the division of common property wil ll be dealt with by special" agreement to be reached by the I^epuhlic of Sjovcnia and the corrcsptinding tx)dics tif former Yugoslavia. IV "-I'f In the capacity of an imernaiional and legal entity, Ihc Republic of Skivenia: pledges to respect all the principles ol international law and. in the spirit of Icgtil .succcs.sion, the provisions of all internationalcontracts signed by Yugoslavia and which apply to the territory of the Republic of Slovenia. In conformity with the anticipatedagreement on the a.ssumption of the rights and obllgaiioiis tif former Yugoslavia, the Republic of Slovenia will honor its share of internationalflnaneailobligtuions towards oiher states andinternalionalorgani/ations,andensurethefreeflowofgoods,servicesand people acros.s its borders, as wel ll as ensure ihe uninterrupted l llow tif iranspi iiri and communications on its territory. Inc.stabushing a border with the ricpublio ol Croat iti, the state Jigcncicsof the Repuhlie of Slovenia wil ll .seek to ensure in accordance with their mutual interests the free Mow of people, gixids and .^rvice.s; — wil llendeavor togaintheapprovalojtheinternationalcommunity regardingtheproclamntion'ofthesovereignandindepenclent Republic p/Sloveniaandtoimproveeconomic,cidi iiiral,political,j'tnancialandother ties withtheinternationalcommunity.• Furthennore,Sloveniae>:pects legalrecognti iionfrom other countries.Sloveniaalsoanticipates thattheinternationalcommtinily wdluseits inpuencetocontributetotheshapingofthecommunity ofsovereignstates ontheter rritory offormer Yu^slaviaandthuscontribute lo the bilateral and peaccfd implementation of the decision to constitute the sovereign and independent state of theRepublic of Sloven ia; ot j cvpects neighboringcountries torespectandfurther developthelevelofprotectionoftheSloveneminority,guaranteedby interna tional conventions and bi/aieral agivemenis. V. 'TV rc.spucicd, Whu.sc environment is suitable for a myrkci L T' '" ¦•'^'^^hthonou.s I iungarlans and Italians n-. ..h,!Ir .S "rsiovcnui..is wel llas thel-.uropcan.i iichicvcmcm.s ofindustrialdemocracy (abovetil ll,.stK-io-economic richls the" freednn/nf^,^'"'^ T 'Hid independent unions), the invioltibiliiy of properly and the rl Slovenia pledges to guarantee mul.ipar.y parliamentary denKX.Tacy and iLl or rSnal S nm h u.scdveaconicniuius inicrnalandexternala has i.s .s.sucs inape eeaceful,non-violcnimanner andtostrfor n l ty or discrimvelolmoro oovcnat n ofan) kind,pledge ees to.soll ll a.s ii qua i ii i c^ ^^ra,ton.onancqual llu,ting,withal,nations andcti iizens ofIEuropeinWhich l.juh[jana..liine 2.\ lO'Jl I he/Vvsemblyul the Kcpiihlieol Slovenia I he prcNiOeiu Ur I r.ina-BuOar 6 \ The Declaration of Independence Is Based on the Will of People Expressed through the Referendum THE REFERENDUM FOR INDEPENDENCE (SeeAppendix C for official documents in Slovenian language; translated by Sherrill O'Connor-Sraj and re-edited by the authors) GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Republic of Slovenia Ljubljana. Thursday 6th December. 1990 Price: 20 Dinars Year 47 Pursuant to section 379 subsection 3 of the whether the Republic of Slovenia should Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia become an independent and sovereign state. Presidency of the Republic of Slovenia hereby does 2. DECREE At the Referendum all eligible votersshall answer the following question with"YES" or "NO"; "Should the Republic of a law relating to a REFERENDUM on the Slovenia become an independent and independence of the Republic of Slovenia. sovereign state?"The Referendum paper shall read as The law is proclaimed relating to the follows: Referendum for the independence of the "Question: Should the Republic of Republic of Slovenia, passed by the Slovenia become an independent and Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia at a sovereign state? Joint Session of all three houses of the Answer: YES NO Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia on6th December, 1990**. (Circle your answer as appropriate)". No. 0100-290/90 3. Ljubljana, 6th December, 1990. The decision that the Republic of Milan Kucan Slovenia becomes an independent and President sovereign state shall be carried if a majority of eligible voters votes YES. LAW 4. A YES result at the Referendum that the relating to a Referendum on the independence of the Republic of Slovenia. Republic of Slovenia should become an independent and sovereign state will bindthe Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia 1. to adopt within six months from the date of On the basis of the permanent andproclamation of the Referendum to inalieanable right of the Slovenian peopleundertake and perform all constitutional andto self-determination a general Referendumother acts and measures as are necessary, held in the Republic of Slovenia (hereafterthat the Republic of Slovenia takes over called Plebiscite*** ) on the question of such sovereign rights as she was endowed with as a body of the SFRJ (SocialistFederal Republic of Yugoslavia) and beginsnegotiations with other republics of the SFRJ Sociopolital Chamber, as to the general laws of Srej in operation Chamber of Deputies (Lower and as to the future resolutions within the House), Chamber of Associated Labour framework of international law, including * * * Referred to in this the proposition of an agreement for a confederation. translation as "Referendum" 5. The Referendum will be held on Sunday, 23rd December, 1990 6. * Those persons who have in the Republicof Slovenia the general right to vote underthe electoral law as applicable shall have the right to vote at the Referendum 7. The Referendum will be conducted by theElectoral Office, as specified according tothe electoral law and pursuant to the law relating to such elections. The Electoral Commission shall, at the latest 10 days prior to the date of which theReferendum is to be held, advise electoral offices which polling booths shall operateand the location of the polling booths. Electoral officers shall compile and check the electoral rolls for each pollingbooth within their area at the latest 6 days prior to the date of the holding of the Reeferendum. Referendum results shall be ascertained and declared by the Electoral Commission ofthe Republic. 8. Those persons eligible to vote shall bethose registered on the general Electoral Roll on the day the Referendum is held, with the exception of those persons whomthe electoral officers at particular pollingbooths ascertain are unable to participate inthe Referendum due to their working abroad, to serving in the Army or Army exercises. 9. In the event of any irregularity in the conduction of the Referendum by electoral officers at any polling booth, any eligiblevoter has the right to object to the Republic Electoral Commission within 24 hours after the closing of polling booths. Any decision ofthe Republic Electoral Commission considering a complaint and any complaintagainst a decision of the Republic Electoral Commission shall be governed by the electoral law as applicable. 10. If the Referendum is carried, that the Republic of Slovenia become an independentstate, the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia shall ceremoniously declare that decision at a joint sitting of all houses (of Par liament) and shall at the same time enact a work programme for the realization of that decision. 11. The effecting of and the result issuingfrom the Referendum pursuant to this Actshall in no way exhaust the permanent andinalienable right of the Slovenian people toself-determination nor, especially, to independence and sovereignty as a state 12. This Act shall come into operation on the day after it is promulgated in the Government Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia. No. 005-02/89-1 Ljubljana, 6th December 1990 Parliament of Republic of Slovenia Dr France Bucar Speaker 2103 PROCLAMATION TO ALL CITIZENS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA TO ALL VOTERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Take part in the polling at the Referendumon Sunday, 23 December, 1990. We shall vote on the question: SHOULD THE REPUBUC OF SLOVENIA BECOME AN INDEPENDENT AND SOVEREIGN STATE? YES NO The Referendum for an independent and sovereign Republic of Slovenia will be passed if YES vote is received from a majority of voters. The passing of the Referendum for an independent and sovereign state of the Republic of Slovenia has the following effects: 1. The Republic of Slovenia will no longerbe part of the federal state -of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 2. The gradual realizing of the status of the Republic of Slovenia as an independentand sovereign state shall be effected by constitutional acts for the realization of the Referendum results with a new Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and a Constitution Act to give effect to the Constitution. 3. The Republic of Slovenia as an independent and sovereign state may conclude international treaties, including aconfederal agreement with the republics(states) of other Yugoslav peoples. A YES vote at the Referendum for an independent and sovereign state of theRepublic of Slovenia shall bind the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia to enact with in six months and to take and perform constitutional and other acts and measures for the Republic of Slovenia to assume the fullfilling of sovereign rightstransferred to her (the Republic of Slovenia) from the bodies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRJ) in relation tothe inheritance of the law of SFRJ and to the future regulation of relations between each other with in the framework of internationa l law including the proposal of a confederal agreement. We are for an independent and sovereignstate of the Republic of Slovenia. No. 005-02/89-1 Ljubljana, 6th december, 1990 Parliament of Republic of Slovenia Dr France Bucar Speaker 2104 In the event of YES vote for the Referendum on an independent and sovereign Republic of Slovenia: 1. The guarantee of human rights, etc, social justice and security for all, ecological responsibility in the best of Slovene and European tradition. The Slovenian state guarantees all rights of the Italian and Hungarian peopleswithin the independent Republic of Sloveniawhich are defined by the Constitution andlaes and laws as well as by internationalacts taken by and recognized by Yugoslavia(SFRJ). Guarantee to all peoples and nationalities cultural and language rights toall having permanent residence within Slovenia, they may exercise their right totake up Slovenian citizenship, if they wish. 2. The establishment of an independentSlovenian state does not derogate in any wayfrom anyone within or outside Yugoslavia.With the Referendum passed forindpendent Slovenia, the Republic of Slovenia will offer all peoples of Yugoslavia the democratic basts forrelations with each other within a possible Yugoslav confederal or economic associationor other appropriate relation. 3. The Slovenian state will, for example inthe event of a YES vote for an independentand sovereign Slovenia, do all that is necessary that the new Republic of Sloveniaactually exercises authority over the whole of the Republic of Slovenia. Similarly shewill respect all international laws and, in relation to the laws and regulations proceeding from international treaties which the SFRJ concluded. She will endeavour to become a member of the United Nations at the earliest possible time and ofother international organizations. She willask for full membership of the Council of Europe and the OECD and a suitable relatonship with the European Community as well as for concluding an agreement with EFTO. Slovenia will concern herself with the p)eaceful solution of conflicts. RESULTS OF THE REFERENDUM GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Republic of Slovenia No. 58 89. REPORT of the Republic Electoral Commission Re voting at the Referendum, held 23rd December 1990. The Republic Electoral Commission on 26th December, 1990 pursuant to Section 7 of the law on the Referendum for the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Slovenia (Government Gazette 44/90) together with Regulation No 27 of theElectoral Law (Government Gazette of Slovenia 42/89 and 5/90 of the Government Gazette of the Republic of slovenia, No. 10/90 and 45/90) has established the following results of the voting of theReferendum on the question of whether the Republic of Slovenia should become an independent and sovereign state, the said Rferendum being held on Sunday, 23 December, 1990: I 1) a) On the basis of electoral rolls, No. of voters registered: 1,490,860. b) No of voters not registered on the Roll by way of error and permitted to vote atpolling booths by way of certificate according to Section 77 of the Electoral Act: 2,434. c) Total No of voters: 1,499,294. 2) a) Pursuant to Section 74 of the Electoral Law early voting took place on 19 Dec 1990,20 Dec 1990 and 21 dec 1990:19,233. b) At polling booths: 1,329,523. c) absentee voting pursuant to Section 83 of the Electoral Law on the date 23 Dec 1990:12, 982 d) Total votes cast at Referendum: 1,361,738 3. a) On the basis of Section 8 of the Law on the Referendum on the question of the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Slovenia it was established that No 2. -18 Tan 1991 the results of the poll do not take into consideration people who are working abroad, doing military service or army exercises, and these were unable to take part in the Referendum voting. The Republic Electoral Commission has established that for these reason 42,274 eligible voters did not take part in the Referendum voting. For this reason the number of voters, in assessing the total eligible number of voters is taken as: 1,457,020 (100%). b) No of voting papers given out: 1,359,581. c) In anser to the question, "Should the Republic of Slovenia become an independent and sovereign state". No of voters answering YES was 88.5%: 1,289,369. In anser to the question, "Should the Republic of Slovenia become an independentand sovereign slate". No of voters answeringNO was 4%: 57,800. Of 0.9% of the ballot papers it was impossible to determine the intention of thevoter. No of papers: 12,412. 4) The Electoral Commission, pursuant to Section 3 of the Referendum Law on the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Slovenia has determined that the Referendum is passed that the Republicof Slovenia should become an independentand sovereign state, passed as a majority of all eligible voters have voted for the Referendum question. No., RVK-F 1-1/90 Ljubljana, 26th december, 1990 Secretary Commission Marko (jolobic President Marija Ude-Marincek 7 The Referendum Was Organized by the Newly Elected Government through Multiparty Elections THE ELECTIONS IN SLOVENIA GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Republic of Slovenia No. 17-30.4.1990 892. REPORT of the results of the elections for the President of the Presidency of the Republic of Slovenia. Republics Electoral Commission, at its session on 24 April, 1990 at 2pm in Ljubljana, in the rooms of the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia, pursuant to 1st paragraph of the Section 24 of the ElectoralLaw concerning the withdrawal of the President and members of the Presidency of Republic of Slovenia has established 1. In the second round of the election held on 22 April, 1990 from 1,489,822 eligible voters, 1,146,627 eligible voters participated the election which is 76.9%. 2. For the President of the Presidency there has been returned 1,144,985 ballot papers of which 23,354 were invalid and 1,121,631 valid. 3. The two candidates for the Pres ident of the Presidency of Republic of Slovenia received the next number of votes: Milan Kucan 457,196 or 58.59% JozePucnik 464,435 or 41.41% 4.Therefore between the two candidates who obtained in the first round of the elections held on 8 April, 1990 the largestnumber of votes amongst the valid ballot papers, in the second round the elected person for the President of the Presidency of the Republic of Slovenia has become Mr. Milan Kucan. No RVK 1-1/90 Ljubljana, 24 April 1990 President Emil Tome Page 999 Secretary Marko Golobic 893. REPORT concerning the results of the elections for thedelegates for the Socio-Polital Chamber ofthe Parliament of the Republic of Sloveniaheld on 8 and 22 April 1990 I. On the basis of received reports concerning the elections for Socio-politalChamber of the Parliament of Republic of Sloven ia from Electorate Commisions in their electorate constituencies, the RepublicsElectorate Commission, at its session held on 30 April 1990 has established: 1. Number of eligible voters who participated the elections for the delegates to the Soc io-Politica l Chamber of the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia is 1,241,212. 2. Number of ballot papers returned: 1,238,189. 3. Valid ballot papers: 1,128,435Invalid ballot papers: 109,754. 4. In the elections held on 8 April 1990, the following number of votes have been calculated, pursuant to the regulations of theSection 90 of the Electoral Law concerning the Parliament elections List Calc Voles % 1. Socialist Union of Slovenia (SZDL) 58,082.30 5.37 2. Party of Democratic Reforms (ZKS) 186,927.80 17.23 3. Liberal Party (ZSMS) 156,843.01 14.49 4. Sloveriian Democratic Union 102,930.73 9.51 5. Slovenian Enterprise Party 17,021.09 1.57 6. Slovenian Small Business Party 38,268.95 3.54 7. Green Party of Slovenia 95,640.49 8.84 8. Slovenian Christian Democrats 140,402.96 12.98 9. Slovenian Rural Union 135,808.32 12.55 10. Association for Citizens' Human RightsProtection 26,628.77 2.46 11. Socialdemocrats Union of Slovenia 79,950.74 7.39 12. United Retired People ofMaribor 4,113.43 0.38 13. Democratic Union of Kosovo 3,240.01 0.30 14. Citizens Green List 21,582.82 1.99 15. New Social Movements 5,276.04 0.49 16. List of Independents 4,618.33 0.43 17. List of Individual Candidates 4,714.98 0.44 Total 1,082,050.57 5. On the basis of the reports of elections for the delegates for Socio-politicalChamber of the Parliament of Republic ofSlovenia given by Electoral Commissions intheir electoral constituencies, the Republics Electorate Commission has establ ished that the following candidates were elected in the following Electorates: 1. Electorate (Ljubljana Centre) 1. France Bucar, Slov.Dem. Union 2. Ciril Ribicic, ZKS-SDP 3. Mile Setinc, ZSMS 2. Electorate (Ljubljana Moste-Polje) 1. Tone Anderlic, ZSMS 2. Milan Balazic, ZKS-SDP 3. Electorate (Ljubljana Vic-Rudnik) 1. Janez Kocjancic, ZKS-SDP 2. Janez Jansa, Slov. Dem. Union 4. Electorate (Novo Mesto) 5. Electorate (Koper) 1. Peter Bekes, ZKS-SDP 6. Electorate (Nova Gorica) 1. Joze Skolc, ZSMS 7. Electorate (Kranj) 1. Zoran Thaler, ZSMS 8. Electorate (Ravne na Koroskem) 9. Electorate (Maribor) 1. Andrej Verlic, ZSMS 2. Franci Pivec, ZKS-SDP 10. Electorate (Murska Sobota) 1. Joze Magdic, Slov. CH^ristDem. 11. Electorate (Ptuj) 1. Ivan Pucnik, Slov.Rural Union 12. Electorate (Celje) 1. Franc Potocnik, Slov.Rural Union 13. Electorate (Velenje) 14. Electorate (Trbovlje) 1. Franc Pipan, ZKS-SDP III. After the distribution of mandates in the electorates, the Republics Electorate Commission counted the following residuals of votes: 1. Socialist Uruon of Slovenia (SZDL) 58,091.30 2. Party of DemocraticReforms (ZKS) 89,327.23 3. ZSMS 87,561.75 4. Slovenian Democratic Union 74,571.33 5. Slovenian Enterprise Party 17,021.09 6. Slovenian Small Business Party 38,263.55 7. Green Party of Slovenia 95,640.49 8. Slovenian Christian Democrats 126,077.36 9. Sloveiuan Rural Union 108,455.82 10. Assoc iation for Citizens ' Human Rights Protection 26,628.77 11. Socialdemocrats Union of Slovenia 79,950.74 12. United Retired People of Maribor 4,113.43 13. Democratic Union of Kosovo 3,240.01 14. Citizens Green List 21,582.82 15. New Social Movements 5,276.04 16. List of Independents 4,618.33 17. List of Individual Candidates 4,714.89 To t a l 845,140.44 IV. The distribution of the residual mandates, on the Republic's level, excludesthe following lists** which didn't obtain more than 2.5% of total number of votes calculated in accordance with the Regulation of 1st and 2nd paragraph of theSection 90 of the Electoral Law concerning the Parliament elections: a) Slovenian Enterprise Party b) Association for Citizens' Human Rights Protectionc) United Retired People of Maribor d) Demoaatic Union of Kosovo e) Citizens Green List f) New Social Movements g) List of Independentsh) List of Individual Ciandidates V. Republics Electorate Commission has concluded that 61 mandates are to be distributed between the lists on the Republics level, because there were 17 candidates elected in respective electorates plus 2 delegates who are to be elected in electorates with mixed nationalities. ** The term list refers to the cand idate -party participating the elections VI. Successively, the Republics Electorate Commission has recalculated the common residuals of all those lists which obtained more than 2.5% votes of total number of calculated votes. The followingcoefficients have been established (the code of the list is the same as in the table of lists with total number of votes). The table of lists with recalculated coefficients is not translated* . VII. Taking the highest 61 succesive coefficients, the Republics Electorate Commission has established the following distribution of mandates: a) Socialist Union of Slovenia-SZDL- (code 1) -5 mandates b) 2KS -Party of Democratic Reforms (code 2) -7 mandates c) Liberal Party -ZSMS (code 3) -7 mandates d) Slovenian Democratic Union (code 4) -6 mandates e) Slovenian Small Business Party (code 6) -3 mandates f) Green Party of Slovenia (code 7) -8 mandates g) Slovenian Christian Democrats (code 8) 10 mandates h) Slovenian Rural Union (code 9) -9 mandates i) Socialdemocrats of Slovenia (code 11) -6 mandates VIII. In the official document in Slovenian language, this paragraph includes the list ofcandidates of the elected parties in each of the elctorate divisions. The list was used to establish which candidates were elected. We skip the list. No RVK1-1/90 Ljubljana, 24 April 1990 Secretary Marko Golobic President Emil Tome * Refer to Appendix D Official Election Results in Slovenian Language 894. Pursuant to the Section 27 of the Electorate Law concering the Parliament elections, the Republics Electorate Commission announces the following results of the elections for the delegates to the Chamber of the Associated Labour of the Parliament of the Republics of Slovenia, held in April 1990: I On the basis of the reports received from the Electorate Commisions in their electorate constituencies of the elections for the delegates to the Chamber of the Associated Labour of the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia, at its session held on 24April, 1990, the Republics Electorate Comm ission has established: 1. Elections for the delegates to the Chamber of the Associated Labour of the Parliament of Republic of Slovenia were held on 12 April, 1990 except in electorateswhere the delegates had been voted from anarea of the individual personal work in forestry and agricultural. In those electorates the elections were held on 8 April, 1990 and 22 April, 1990 (Towns SkofjaLoka and Jesenice). 2. Of total number 998,922 of eligible voters, 737,704 participated the elections. 737,026 ballot papers were returned, of which 45,128 were invalid. 3. The Electoral Commissions chairing the electorate constituencies formed for the elections for the delegates to the Chamber of the Associated Labour of The Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia together with the two Electora l Commissions from the electorates of mixed nationalities, formed for the elections of the delegates of nationalities to the Chambers of the Parliament of Republic of Slovenia have established the results of the elections in their respective electoral constituencies andhave concluded that the process of the elections has not had irregularities which could affect the outcome of the elections. II THE DELEGATES ELECTED TO THE CHAMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED LABOUR OF THE PARLIAMENT OF REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Skipped. No RVK M/90 Ljubljana, 24 April 1990 Secretary Marko Golobic President Emil Tome 895. Pursuant to the Section 27 of the Electoral Law concerning the Parliament elections, the Republics Electorate Commission announces the foUowing results of the general electionsfor the Chamber of Deputies of theParliament of the Republic of Slovenia, heldIn April 1990: I On the basis of the reports from the Electoral Commisions in their electorates, at its session held on 25 April, 1990, the Republics Electorate Commission has established: 1. Elections for the delegates to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia were held on 8 April, 1990. In 80 electoral constituencies there were 1,853,908 eligible voters of which 1,516,469 participated the elections. 1,514,029 ballot papers were returned, of which 85,240 were invalid. Pursuant to the 2nd paragraph of the Section 80 of the Electoral Law concerning the Parliament elections, in the first round there were 15 delegates elected. In 65 electorates the second round was organized between the two candidates who obtained the highest number of votes in the first round. 2. The second round was held on 22.4.1990. 1,214,835 ballot papers were returned of which 59,533 were invalid.*** 3. The Electorate Commissions togetherwith the special socio-polital Electoral Commissions and the two Electoral Commissions for the delegation of nationalities to the Houses of the Parliament of Republic of Slovenia have established the results of the elections in each of the electoral constituencies and have concluded that in the conduct of the elections there has not been irregularities which could substantially affect the outcome of the elections. II ELECTED DELEGATES TO THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES OF THE PARUAMENT OF REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Skipped. No RVK 1-1/90 Ljubljana, 24 April 1990 Secretary Marko Golobic President Emil Tome *** The sentence preceding t h i s o n e i s n o t r e a d a b l e i n the official document and therefore could not be translated. THE ELECTIONS IN SLOVENIA -cont (translated by Sherril O'Connor-Sraj andreedited by the authors) GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Republic of Slovenia No. 20 Ljubljana Friday. 25 May 1042. On the basis of Amendments XCIV to the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia apdof S26 of Standing Orders of the Parliamentof the Republic of Slovenia the Houses of Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia at a joint sitting on 16th May, 1990: I elected Prime Minister: Mr Lojze Peterle Deputy Prime Minister (responsible forthe economy): Dr Joze Mendnger Dep. Prime Minister (responsible forPublic Administration): Mr Matija Malesic Dep. Prime Minister (resp. for Environment and Regional Affairs): Dr Leo Seserko Members of the Cab inet of the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia: Dr. Marko Kranjc Mr. Janez Jansa Mr. Igor Bavcar Dr. Rajko Pimat Ms. Jozica Puhar Mr. Igor Umek Mr. Stane Stanic Mr. Lojze Janko Dr. Dimitrij Rupel Mr. Miha Jazbinsek Dr. Miha Tomsic Mr. Izidor Rejc Mr. Maks Bastel Mr. Ingo Pas Mr. Viktor Brezar Dr. Joze Osterc Mr. Marjan Kranjc Mr. Franc Godesa Dr. Katja Boh Dr. Peter Vencelj Dr. Andre] Capuder Dr. Peter Tancig Dr. Janez Dular - responsible for Slovenesabroad and for Italian and Hungarian peoples in the Republic of Slovenia. 1990 Price: 15 Dinars Year XLVII 11 from amongst those members of Cabinet were named: Dr. Marko Kranjc: TreasurerMr. Janez Jansa: Minister for Defence Mr. Igor Bavcar: Minister for InteriorDr. Rajko Pimat: Attorney GeneralMs. Jozica Puhar: Minister for Labour Mr Igor Umek: Minister for Social Planning Mr. Stane Stanic: Minister for Information Mr. Lojze Janko: Minister for LegislationDr. Dimitrij Rupel: Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr. Miha Jazbinsek: Minister for Environment and PlanningMr. Miha Tomsic: Minister for EnergyMr. Izidor Rejc: Minister for Indutiy and Construction Mr. Maks Bastel: Minister for Trade and Economic Affairs Mr. Ingo Pas: Minister for Tourism Mr Viktor Brezar: Minister for Commerce Dr. Joze Osterc: Minister for Agricultureand ForestryMr. Marjan Kranjc: Minister for Transport and Communication Mr. Franc Godesa: Minister for Veterans Affairs Dr. Katja Boh: Minister for Health and Social SecurityDr. Peter Vencelj: Minister for EducationDr. Andre] Capuder: Minister for the Arts Dr. Peter Tancig: Minister for Science and Technology No. 020-05/89-2 Ljubljana, 16 May, 1990. Dr France Bucar Speaker of ParliamentRepublic of Slovenia 1043 (relating to legislation: veterans affairs): not translated 8 Yugoslav Constitution Gives Right to Each of the Nations of Yugoslavia to Secede; Secession is Based on the Selfdetermination of Each Nation CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOR SECESSION (See Appendix E for the parts of the Yugoslav Constitution relating to the right to secede in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian language; 1974 Constitution is in Slovenian language; 1945 Constitution is in Serbo-Croatian language - Cyrillic alphabet) THe COMSTiTUTiolN ofihE SociAlisT pEdERAl REpublic of YuqoslAviA Law 342.497 023 YUGO y:V fluc '¦ ¦ ' X>,. TNe CONSTiTUTiOIN •i' ofihE SociAlisT . ,'-v . .T.n;; . FecJeraI REpublic of YuqoslAviA .'d ..:!r'5f4'4'jv'"v •:-rVufej;' '•'•Iv*! 'f ¦ : : ' f -; -.mi4; CrosS'CuIturaI Communications IVleRRick, New YoRk 1976 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA // ^ INTRODUCTORY PART BASIC PRINCIPLES I he lUiiiDns 1)1 Yuiioslavia. proceeding from the right of every nation to •»ell-ilcteriniiiaiioii. including the right ofscccssion. on the basis of their willftIreciy expressed in the common struggle of all nations and nationalities in the National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution, and in conformity with their historic aspirations, aware that the further consolidation of their brotherhood and unity is in the common interest, have, together with nationalities with which they live, united in a federal republic of free andetjual nations and nationalities and founded upon a socialist federalcommunity ol working people—the Socialist Federal Republic of YugosM lavia. in which, in the interests of each nation and nationality separately and all together, they shall realize and ensure: socialist social relations based on self-management by working people and the protection of the socialist self-management system; national rreedom and independence: the brotherhood and unity of the nations and nationalities; the unilorm interest ol the working class, and solidarity among workers and all working people: po.ssibiHiies and (rcedoms for the all-round development of the human personality and for the rapprochement of the nations and nationalities, in conformity with their interests and aspirations on the road to the creation of an ever-richer culture and civilization in a socialist society: the unification and adjustment of efforts to develop the economic foundations ol a .socialist society and the pro.sperity of the people; a .system ol soeio-eeonomie relations and uniform foundations for a politicalsy.stemwhichwil llensurethecommoninterestsoftheworkingclass and all working people and the equality of the nations and nationalities; and linking Yugoslavia's aspirations with the progressive strivings of mankind. ® The working people and the nations and nationalities shall exercise theirsovereign riglu.s in the Socialist Republics and in the Socialist Autonomous Provinces in conformity with their constitutional rights, and shal ll exercise these rights in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia when in theircommon interest it is so specified by the present Constitution. 13 9 \ Brioni Declaration- Hope to Achieve Independence in a Peaceful Way or Betrayal of European Countries? BRIONI DECLARATION OneoftheSlovenianparliamentarianscommentedthattheacceptanceottheBrioni DeclarationwassacrificingSloveniaforpeace.HementionedthatatthebeginningoftheSecond WorldWartheEuropeanCommunityalsosacrificedasmallcountrytoHitlerbuttheystillhad the war. Namely,whenHitlerattackedCzechoslovakiainordertojoinGermanslivinginawestern partofCzechoslovakia,noneoftheEuropeancountriesraisedaneyebrow.Let'skeepthepeace. SloveniasignedtheBrioniDeclarationtogetpeaceandtobeabletograduallyachieveafull recognitionofitsdeclaredindependence.AsMrKucansaidinhisspeechtotheSlovenian Parliament: itisathefundamentalguarantythattheremilbepeaceandthatwewillbeableto achievethisrecognitioninapeacefulanddemocraticway,withoutviolenceandwar,justaswe promisedourpeoplewhoattheelectionsputtheirtrustinus....Everywarisfollowedbynegotiations,butlivesarelostduringitscourse....". TheBrioniDeclarationdoesnotrevoketheDeclarationofIndependencebySloveniaand Croatiaasithasbeeninterpretedbysomecircles.Therightforself-determinationand independencehavenotbeendisputableinanywayneitherbytheEuropeanCommunitynorbythe YugoslavGovernment. TheBrioniDeclarationwillnotchangethemindofSloveniansinthesethreemonths. Slovenianshadbeenmakinguptheirmindsforseveralyearsandeveryyear,andrecentlyeverymonth,theyweremoreandmoredeterminedtheyaregoingtherightway.Therearegovernments, forexampleAustralia,whichclaimtheSloveniansmaychangetheirmindinthreemonthsand thusareholdinguprecognitionofSloveniaasanindependentnation.Thisisnottrue.Slovenians willnotchangetheirmindontheirindependence. TheBrioniDeclarationalsomeansthattheEuropeanCommunitysharesresponsibilityfor thefateoftheSloveniannation.TheysaytheywouldrecognizeSloveniaimmediatelyifthe latterisattackedagain.WecannotunderstandwhywouldEuropeanCommunityrecogniseSloveniaonlyifthereisawarandnotinpeace.Sloveniahasachieveditsindependenceinan absolutelycorrectwayandthereisnolegal,political,economicormoralreasonnottorecognize her. RecentlywereceivedstartlingnewsabouttheplansoftherevengefulYugoslavArmy.The plansareabouttheintentionstodestroySloveniacompletelyorasmuchaspossiblebeforetheArmymovesoutofSlovenia?AndifCroatiaisfoundweakinitsdefencetheArmywil llnotmoveoutofSlovenia-theofficersstillinSloveniahavethetasktodelaytheretreat-andwillinsteadattackSloveniaagain.TheArmyofficershavethetasktoattacktheNuclearPowerStation'swastedepots,andifpossible,todamageanddisabletheNuclearPowerStationitself. WhatsortofpeacedoestheEuropeancommunitywant? IstheEuropeanCormnunityexpectedtohelponlyinaful llscalewar?Oraretheyexpectedto actalsowhensubversiveactionsarecarriedoutagainsttheterritoryofSloveniaanditspeople. Thetermsofcompletedestructionareactual llynothingnewtoSlovenians.Theyhavebeenbeingdestroyedslowlyformanyyearsnowalready.Onlyanincrediblesturdinessandstubbornessof For entire speech of Mr Kucan see Appendix F theSloveniannationhaskeptthemalive**.TheDeclarationofindependenceisnotonlythe fightforfreedombutalsotosavethenationfromextinction DosubversiveactivitiesagainstSloveniacountinobtainingtherecognition? BecausethecountriesareholdinguprecognitionSerbiansaregettingmoreandmorecourageto actastheyplease.SloveniahasnotsignedtheBrioniDeclarationtobedestroyedunderthecover ofitbysubversiveactions.AsSlovenianshavenotobtainedrecognitionyettheywil llagainhave todefendthemselvesbythemselves.Weallknowthatthesaying"Godhelpus"usuallytransformsinto"HelpyourselfandGodwillhelpyou". ** See Chapter 4 -Reasons Why Slovenia Has Become independent and Appendix B for comments on an incredible survival of the Slovenian nation *** One might think we are exaggerating but one would be sTij^^rised how many Slovenians think the same GOVERNMENT GAZETTE -International Contracts "f URADNI REP USLIKE MEDNARODNE LIST bLUVENlJE POGODBE Stevilka ^ 16- avgust 1991 Leto SkupSiina Republike Slovcnije jccsu pttgajiifii. Njihova poitioc bhko obscgu tudi opazoviinje potek:iposajanj. stroki.>vno pomoC delovnim skupinam. ki bi jih usianuvilc vplctcnc slnni. in sc mod dmjiim nana.sa na pravna vprasanja. vprttsanja clovekovih pravtc. vkljuCnos pnivicami munjsin. kot tudi na gospodarska. ir^ovinskain vamostna vprusiinju. Stran 2 MeDNAROO»S£PC)GODBE. -Sl 1 -16. VUl. 1991 • In the wake of the decision taken in Prague in the frnmrwnrk of thi CSCEi that a monitoring' mission should hecomc opcrationafas sopn as possible in order to help stabilise the cease-fire and.to monitor the implementation of the elements of the agree ment reached between Yugoslav parties with the conlribulion of the European Community. Guidelines for the prcpartltory misaon are set out in Aruiex II.They welcome the Expected arrival of July 9th of fhispreparatory mission of High Officials. Ail Yugoslav parties committed themselves to support the envisaged monitofFng mission by. inter alia, providing full protection and guaranteed freedom of mo vement. They all agreed that the proiealon of minorky popu bliorLs is critictil 10 a succesful outcome of the ncgotfa ttons. They also reconfirmed that ihcy will fully rcs-pect in this matter their commitiment -s under International Law. Tnc European Troika is prepared to tnfortn all the CSCE Participating States about developments in the negotiating process. Annex I FURTHER MODALITIES IN PREPARATION OF NEGOTIATIONS I -Border regime: Control of border cros-sin^ will be in the hand-s of Slovenian police. They will act in confarmiiy with federal regulations II - Customs: The agreement signed by the represcotaiives of thefederal government and the govemmeat of the Republicof Slovenia on June 20th 1991 Is reconfinncd and shall be inpleinented. Custom duties shall remain a federal revenue and be collected by Slovenian custom officials. They shall be payed Into a joint account to be controlled by' &c federal and republican ministers of finance plus one of two external comrollcrs. III -Air Traffic Control There is a single air traffic control for the whole.of Yugoslavia. All domestic and internatiooal air traffic over Yugoslavia is controlled and guaranteed by the competent federal authority. IV -Border secnrity The situation prevailing before June 25tfa 1991 shallbe reestablished. Wthin the suspension period (of threemonths) negotiations shall be completed in order to ensure and orderly transfer of the competendcs of theYNA in this field. A border regime based oa European standards remains a.firm objective. V -Further modnlhies for the impUmentniion of the cease-fire -lifting of the blockade of YNA units and facilities -unconditional return of YNA units to their barr acks -all roads to be deared -return of all fadlities and equipment to 'YNA -deactivation of territorial defence units and return to quarters. All these measures shall be effecrivc as soon as possible, but no later than July Xth at 24:00 hours. VI — Pritaners All prisoners detained in connection with hosiilides since June 25the 1991 shall be released at the earliest but no later than July 8th at 24:00 hours. The InternationalRed Cross should be as-sodated with the implementation of this dcdsion. Glede na odlocitev. sprcjeto v Pragi v olcviru KEVS.50 sc doeovorile. naj bi Cimprej zacela defovati 6pa7.ovaIna misija.-5a bi pomagala prt ustahtvn preianitvc o^ja In. pri • nadzoru nad uresniCcvanjcm preosialih "elcmcntovsporazuma. ki .so ga ob" pomod Evropske skupnosti mcdseboj sprejele jugt^ovanskc strani. Smcmice. ki sc nana5aj'o na pripravijalno misijo, so nastcic v PrilogL II. Pozdravljajo priCakovan prihod pripravljalnc misijevisokih funkcionaijev. nacrtovan za 9. 7. 1991. Vse jugoslovanskc strani so sc obvcraie. da bodonacTtovani opazovalni misijt nudile podporo s tcm. dabodo mcd drugim njcnim danom nudile polno zasdto in jim zagoiovilc svobodo gibaaja. Vsc so "sc stnnjale s tem. da ]e zasHta manjSin bifiivenega pomena za uspcscn tzid pogajanj. Polcg tega so ponovno zagotovile. da bodo polno spoStovale s tcm v zvczi sprejcte obve^e, v skladu 2 mednarodnim pravom. Evropska irojka je pripravljena obvcstiti drlave. udc- Iczcnke KEVS. o potcku procesa pogajanj. Ptiloga I NADAUNJE OBLIKE IN NACINI URESNICEVAKJA FRl PRIPR.AVI POGAJANJ I -Rczim na meji: Nadzor raejnih prehodov bo v rokah slovenske polidjc. Dclovala bo v skladu 2 rvcznimi prcdpisi. II - Carine: Spora2um. ki -so ga podpisali predstavniki zve2ne vlade in vlada Republike Slovcntjc 20.6.1991, je ponovnopotijen in bo uresnidsn. Carine ostajajo zvezni prihodek, carino pa bodo pobirali slovenski carinski uradnita'/ki jobodo nakazali na skupni radm. ta pa bo pod nadzoromzveznih in rcpubliSkih rainistrov 23 finance in caega ali dveh zunanjih" nadOTmikov. lii -Satizor zradnega promeut: iz celotno Jugoslavijo obstaja .enoten nadzor zradnega prometa. Noiranji in medaarodni zraftu promec nadJugoslavijo nadzorujcjo in zagotavijajo pooblaScae zve zne oblasti. rV -Vamost meja: Ponovno se vzpostavi stanje. ki je vcljalo pred 25. 6. 1991. V obdobju suspenza (treh mcsecev) bodo zaklju( 5ena pogajanja, da se zagotovi urejen prenos kompeiencJLA na tcm podr^'u. Mcjni refim. zasnovan na evropskfli normah. ostaja trdca dlj. V -Nadnljnje obUke in nacini izvajanja prekiniive ognja: -odstranitev blokad ccot in objcktov JLA, -brezpogojna vrnitev enot JLA v njihove vojaSnice, -deblokada vseh cest, -vrnitev vsch objcktov in oprcrae JLA. -deaktivlranje enot TO in vrnitev v prostore aasianilvc. Vsi naStcti ukrcpi zainejo veljati 6'mprej. vendor ne kasncjc kot 8. 7. 1991 ob 24. uri. VI -Ujccmki: Vse ujetnike. ki so bill zajeti v jv.ezi s sovrainoStmi od 25. 6. 1991, je treba izpustiti Smprej. vendar nc kasneje kot 8. 7. 1991 ob 24. uri. Mcndarodni Rdeci-krii bo sodcloval pri izvajauju te odlocitve. • liZ/Ua yi uy;33 t.W 3» B1 la K SLUV LJb U Si. 1 -16. VIIL 1991 MEDNARODNE A/i/»f.r II GUlUhLlNtS FOR AN OBSERVER MISSION TO YUGOSLAVIA Iniroduaion The shuaiion in Yugoslavia is of concern to .ill CSCE Purficipuiliig States. Tlic Cotnwittcs of Senior Offloial^imeeting in Prague discu&^d the dispatch of a multinational Observer Mission into Yugoslavia. Obviously, suchfln Observer Mis.sloo e*n only op«r*tfc with f»»U comtrf of ail Parties concerned. To ensure that the Observer Mission can fuinil its tasks, it is nOccssan to define its mandate and to determine its rights and duties. The financing of the operation and a number of practicalaspects have to be derided upon Fnr this purpose, thefollGwIng elements are suggested: Mandate An Observer Mission will be established with the objective to monitor the situation in Yugoslavia, in particular by monitoring activities In Slovenia -and possiblyalso Croatia. The aim of these activities is to monitor the implementation of the remaining elements of the agree ment reached between Yugoslav parties with the contribu tion of the European Community. Duration of the mandate The Observer Mission should be able to take up itsaciivities as soon as possible. The Observer Mission couldcontinue its operation as long as this is deemed necessary by all Parties concerned. Area of deployment Under the current circumstancc.s. the Observer Miss ion Would geographically limit its activities to Slovenia, and possibly Croatia. If need arises, the area of deploy ment could he reviewed in agreement with all Parties concerned. Composiiion and operation The Observer Mission could be of mixed composi tion. i.e. both military and civilian personnel. The Mission could consist of 30 to .10 people. Since it is important to act as expeditiously as possible, selection of personnel should not be allowed to delay the beginning of the Observer Mis.sion's activities. A practical solution could be to recruit observers from the civilian and military members of the Vienna CSBM delegations where exper tise of the CSCE process is available. They could be supplemented with other civilian and/or military officials. The Mission would establish a Co-ordination Centre within Yugoslavia. From this Centre smaller units - of e.g. two men - would be deployed in different sectors. One liaison-officer of each of the opposing parties would be assigned to escon such observer units at all times. Command structure and supervision The observer units would work under the respon.sibi lity.of the Head of the Observer Mission. The Head of the Observer Missioct would submit a daily report, through the Prague CSCE Secretarial, to the Committee of Senior Officials. The Committee could be the appropriate venue to take stock of the activities of the Observer Mission and to decide on the prolongation of the mandate of the Mission, if this is necessary. Leyai arranyernenis Legal arrangements would be newc>>jiy In cusun. thai the Observer Mission can carry out its tasks. These arrangements include provisions concerning diplomatic immunity as well as the freedom to travel and communi cate freely within Yugoslavia, i.a. with the Co-ordination Centre and with Embassies. POGODBE •. Priloga II SMEPJ'nCC 2A MISIJO OPAZOVALCEV V JUGOSLAVUl Uvod We iir?.avc cianice KEYS so zaskrbijenc zaradi raznicr Y Jugoslnviji, Odbor visokih (ykcionanev jc na sestanku v Pragi razpravljal o odpoiiljanju vednarodne Opazovalne misije v Jugoslavijo. OCitno je. da lahkoiiiHn-i Dnamviilnn mhlin ilrliijV Ir i nnlnn nriYniirYiin vseh vplctcnih strani. Da bi zagotovili. da Misija opazoviilrcY Ihhko v celoli urcsnivi svoje naloge. je potrebnodefinirati njcn mandat oziroma pooblastila in doloCilinjene pravice in dolinosti. Potrebno jc sprcjeli odlociive 0 financiranju njene dejavnosti in o Stevilnih praktidnihvidikih. V ta namen so prediozeni oaslednjt elemenri: Mandat Opazovalna misija bo usianovljena s ciljcin, da nad zira razmcrc v Jugoslaviji. §e zlusii s tern, da nadzira dejavnosti v Sloveniji - po mciosti tudi na HrvaSkem. Cilj tega dela jc nadzor nad uresniievanjcm prcostalih clementov izsporazuma. kl je bil doscicn med jugoslovanskimt stranmi ob sodclovanju Evropske skupnosii. Trajanje mandata: Opazovalna misija bi morala biti sposobna iimprej zadeti s svojim deiom. Opazovalna misija bi lahko dclala toliko dasn. dokler bodo vse vpletenc strani menile. da je to potrebno. Obmucjc delovanja V sodunjih razmerah bi Opazovalna misija geografskocmejila svoje dejavnosti na Slovenijo in po moinosti na HrvaSko. Ce sc pojavi potrcba. bi lahko obmoCje delovanja na novo dolodili v sporazumu med vsemi vploienimi stranmi. 5«/tiva in delovanje Misija opazovalcev bi lahko imcia me^ano scstavo. to je, sestavljcna bi lahko bila iz vojaSklh in civilnih oscb. Misijo bi lahko sestavijajo 30-50 oseb. Gledc na to. da jc pomcmbno dimprej zaCeti z delom, izbiranjc clanov Opazoviiinc misije ne bi smclo odlo2iti zacctka njencga delovanja. Prakticna re^iiev bi lahko bilo rekrutiranjc opazovalcev iz vrsi civilnih in voja^kth Clanov dunaj.skih delegacij v CSBM. kjer je na voijo ustrezno sirokovno znanje o proce.su KEYS. Dopolnjcna bi lahko bila z druglmi civilnimi ali voja.^kimi uradniki. Misija bi v Jugoslaviji ustanovila Koordinacijski cen ter. Iz tega centra bi na razlicne sektorje pofiiljali manj.^cenote -nu primer s po dvemu clanoma. Vsaka od nasproinih sirani bi doloCila oficirja za zvczo. ki bo vcs Cas dodcljcn v spremMvo omenjenim opazovalnim cno tam. Struktara vailenju in nudzora Opazovalne enote bi dclovale pod nadzorom vodjeOpazovalne misije. Vodja Opazovalne misije bi dnevno lahko poroCal Odboru visoklh funkcionarjcv preko .Sekrctariata KEYS v Pragi. Odbor visokih funkcicnarjev bi lahko bil pravo mcsto za evidentiranje informacij o dejavnosti Opazovalne misije in za odloCanje gledc mandata oziroma pooblastil Misije. ce bi to bilo potrebno Pruvnu vprasania Da bi zagotovili Opazovalni misiji moZnosti za oprav- Ijunje njenih nalog. bi hilo p^Mrebno resit) nckalcru pruvna vpraGnja.' Dogovori v zvezi s temi vpraSanji vkijudujejo tudi dolocila. ki se nanusajo na diplomatsko imuniteto, kot tudi svobodo potovanja in komuniciranja v Jugoslaviji, med drugim tudi s Koordinacijskim centrom in veleposla niSivi. 27/08 '91 09:35 FAX 38 61 224328 IS R SLOV LJB VL ' Stran 4 MEDNAROONE POG008E St. I -16. Vin. 1991 Practical arrangements Amongst the many practical arrangements to be de'cided upon are questions regarding the means of tran sport and interpretation services that will have to be made available to the observer units and the way in which the observers will Identify and distinguish themsel ves as members of the CSCE Observer Mission. Since the Observer Mission is not a peacekeepingforce, the observers would not carry arms. Na podlagi dolodbe tretjega odstavka 63. ilena zakona 0 zunanjih zadevah (Uradni list RS. 5t. 1/91-1) Izvrini syet SkupSOine Republike Siovenije izdaja UREDBO o ratifikAcijt Memorandunia o soglasju o opazovalnl misiji V Jugoslaviji MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE MONITOR MISSION TO YUGOSLAVIA Taking into account -the decision of the Committee of Senior Officials of the Conference of Security and Co-operation in Europe to welcome the readiness of the European Communityand its Member States, building on their initiatives, to organize a mission to help stabilize a cease-fire, to monitorthe return of all armed forces to their previous positionsand to monitor the suspension of the implementation ofthe declarations of independence, as well as to note the strong interest of the Slates participating in the Confe rence on Security and Co-operation in Europe to makea concrete contribution to resolution of the present Yugo- Slav crisis. -the invitation by the Yugoslav authorities to theEuropean Community and its Member Stales to organize such a mission, and -the agreements reached at Brioni on July 7.1991. The European Community and its Member States: Belgium. Denmark. France. Germany. Greece. Ireland. Italy. Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain andthe United Kingdom and the Commission. Hereinafter called the Sending Parties, on the hand. , and The Federal Authorities of Yugoslavia And the Republics of Croatia and Slovenia. Hereinafter called the Host Parties, on the other hand. Together hereinafter called the Participating Parties. Recognizing the devastating consequences hostilities in Yugoslavia would have for all its inhabitants. Aware of the serious Impact hostilities in Yugoslavia could have on peace and security in Europe, Determined to seek peaceful means of rc.solving thesituation which currently separates the peoples of Yugo slavia. Anxious to promote conditions to discourage new outbreaks of violence and bloodshed, and Resolved to work together to contribute to the maintenance of peace and security and to open the way to negotiations on the future of "Yugoslavia. Reached the following understandings: Praktidna vpraianja Med Stevilnimi praktli^nlmi vpraSanji, o katerih se jetreba dogovoriti. se nekaiera natiaSajo na transport in prevajalske storitve tolmaCcnja oz. prevajanja. ki jih bo (reha zagutovjti opazovalnim enotam. kot ludi na nadn identificiranja opazovalcev in njihovo medscbojno obele iiiev kot Clanov Opazovalne komisije KEVS. Glede na to, da Opazovalna misija ni enota, zadol2ena za ohranjanje miru. opazovalci ne hi nosiU oroija. 2. 1. eien Ratifidra se Memorandum o soglasju o opazovaini misiji V Jugoslaviji, podpisan 13. julija 1991. med Republiko Slovenijo, Evropsko skupnostjo in njenimi drlavamiilanicami. Republiko HrvaSko ter zveznimt jugoslovan sklmi organi. den Besedllo Memoraaduma v angle^kem izvimiku inslovcnskem prevodu se glasi: MEMORANDUM O SOGLASJU 0 OPAZOVALNl MISUI V JUGOSLAVUI Ob upo^tevanju -odlo6tev odbora visoklh uradnikov Konferencc o vamosii in sodelovanju v Evropi. kl pozdravlja pripravljenost Evropske skupnosii in njcnih drlav Jlantc. In njegovc pobude, da se poSlje misija. ki bo pomagala utrditi prekinitev ognja. opazovala vmitev vseh oboroienih si! na njihove izhodlSfne poioiaje In spremljala odloiitev uresnii!evanja deklaracij o neodvisnosti. kakor tudi na podlagi poudarjenega mteresa drlav udeleienk Konfe rencc o vamost! In sodelovanju v Evropi za konkreten prispevek k reSiivi sedanje jugoslovanske krize. -povabila jugoslovanskih oblasti Evropski skupnosti in njenim driavam ^lantcam. naj poSljejo takSno misljo, ter -sporazumov. doscienih na Brionih 7. julija 1991. w se Evrcpska skupnost in njene driave ilanice: Belgija. Danska. Frandja. Nemdja. Grdja. Irska. Italija, Luksemburg. Nizozemska. Portugalska. Spaoijain Velika Britanija ter Komisija (v nadaljnjem besedilu; strani poSiljateijice) na eni strani in Jugaslovanski zveznl organi ter republiki HrvaSka in Slovenija (v nadaljnjem besedilu: strani gosiiteljicc) na drugi strani (v nadaljnjem besedilu skupno imenovane strani udeleienke) pnznavajoC uni^ujoic posledice sovraznosti v Jugoslaviji za vse njene prebivalce. zavedajoi se resnih posledic sovralnosti v Jugoslaviji za mir in vamost v Evropi. odlo^eni. da z mirnimi sredstvi poiSiejo reSttev poloiaja. ki zdaj razdvaja narode Jugoslavije. v felji. da vzpostavijo pogoje. ki bi onemogo^ili nove izbruhe nasilja in prelivanja krvi. ter odlo6eni, da s skupnim dclovanjeni prispevajo k ohranilvi miru in varoosti in odpro pot pogajanjem o bodoinosti Jugoslavije. sporazumeli o naslednjem: J7/08 91 09:38 FAX 38 61 224328 IS R SLOV LJB VL a: 1 -16. yiU. 1991 -MEDNARODNE POCODBE Article / (mandate) 1. A multinational Monitor'Mi&sion will be establis_ hed. The aim of its activities is: a. to help stabilize the cease-fire. To that end. to conduct ad hoc evaluations of. and to investigate alleged violations, of the following elements in the cease-fire agreed between Host Parties: -the raiting of the blockade of YNA units and facilities: the unconditional return, of YNA units to their barracks; -the clearing of all roads; -the return of all facilities and equipment to the YNA. and -the deactivation of territorial defence units, and their return to quarters; h to monifnr the siispensinn of the impiemenl3li decided by the Head of theMonitor Mission. /. Hen (mandat) 1. Ustanovi se Mednarodna opazovalna misija znaslednjimi nalogami; a. pomagati utrdiri prckinitcv ognja. V ta namen dajead hoc ocene in raziskuje domnevne krSitve naslednjihelementov prekinitve ognja. dogovotjene med stranmi gostiteljicami: --odstranitev blokad enot JLA in objektov. -brezpogojna vmitev enot JLA v njihove vojaSnicc, -deblokada vseh cesi. -vmitev vseh objektov in opreme JLAin -deakliviranje enot TO in njihova vmitev v prosiore nastanitve; b. spremljati odlofitev urcsnidevanja deklaracij oneodvisnosti v trimeseCnem obdobju po dogovoru med blrumnl gusiiicljlcaml na podlagf bdonsklh dogovorov, seposebej glede reiima na mejah in vamosti meja; c. de in kadar je potrebnb, opazovati izpustitev invmitev ujetnikov, ki so btli priprti v zvezi s soviainostmi po 25. juniju 1991, v sodelovanju z Mednarodnim odborom Rdedega kriia. 2. V t'a namen bodo strani gostiteljice priskrbele stranem poSiljateljicam vsa obvestila in zagotovile popolnosodelovanje, potrebno za izpolnitev dijev misije. II. Hen (trajanje) 1. Opazovalna misija bo zaicia delovati, Icot je opisano V I. flenu. takoj ko bo to mogoic po podpisu tegamemoranduma o soglasju.s strani vseh udeleienk. 2. Opazovalna misija bo s svojimi dejavnostmi kon£ ala tri mesece po podpisu memoranduma o soglasju s strani vseh udeleienk. Strani udeleienke se iahko odlo6jo. da podaljSajo mandat opazovaini misiji. III. Hen (delovanje) 1. Op^oyalna misija bo osredotofila svoje delovanjena Slovenijo in. ic bo to potrebno, na HrvaSko. razen6e se strani udcleienkc dogovorijo, da so za izpolnitevmandata potrcbnc dejavuosti tuJi ^unaj navcdcnUi obmofij. 2. Opazovalna misija bo ustanovila koordinadjskicenter, kl bo Iz praktifnih razlogov v Zagrebu. in podroCniopaiovalni center v Ljubljani. Micijo bo imcla evcza e organ! v Beogradu. lY. Hen fwnmrj 1. S strani gostiteljice bodo odgovome za ^'elovtto zascito opazovalnc misije in njenih cfanov. 2. Opazovalna misija in njeni flani bodo pri opravlfanju svoje dejavnosti uiivali neomejeno svobodo gibanja na obmoiju misije, kar velja tudi za njihova vozila, plovila, letala in oprerao. 3. Clane opazovalne misije bo pri opravljanju njihovedejavnosti na njihovo zahtevo spremljal najmanj enspremljevalec. ki ga doloiijo strani gostiteljice. pri demerje treba upoStcvati podrodje, na katero se obisk nanaia. Spremljcvald bodo pomagali ilanom opazovalne misijepri izpolnjevanju njihovih nalog, 4. Opazovalna misija bo izobesila zasiavo Evropske.skiipnnsri na avnjrm knnrdinarijskem centru, tvojem po« drodnem opozovulncm centru ia drugih poslopjih, vozilih, plovilih ltd., kot dolodi vodja opazovalne misije. I'lA 'Al i*iA-,»A F-»T rtl T? AT. 'iV T.TR n* Stran 6 ^ : MEDNARpDNg PQCQQBE Sc ^ -16. Vlil, Rgf 5.- Vehicles, yc^ls and aircraft of the Monitor Mis sion will carry a distinctive Monitor Mission identification, which wit! be notified to (he relevant authorities. Article V (composition) 1. The Monitor Mission will be composed of personnel appointed by the Sending Panies. Personnel belonging to the Monitor Mission will be called hereinaf ter monitors. 2. Monitors will be appointed by the Govcmmcnis of their Sending States.. 3. The number of monitors will initially be between 30 and 50. The number of personnel required can bechanged as agreed between the Participating Panics. 4. The monitors will refrain from any action oractivity incompatibte. with the impartial nature of their duties. 5. The Monitor Mission may avail itself of the assi stance of admlnustrative and technical staff from the Sending Partier. ar. it requires. The fucmbers of Iho Mission's administrative and technical staff wll enjoy a status similar to that of adminLstraiive and technical staff from Sending States employed in Embassies. 6- The Moriitor bfission may recfuit locsdh- such auxiliary personnel as it- requires. Upon the request of local staff by the Monitor Mission and to accelerate the process of such recrvitmcnt. The Mission's auxifiury per sonnel will cnioy a status similar to thai cflocullycn'saged staff in Embuiaics. Article VI (armx and dress) r. Monitors will not carry arms. 2. Monitors will wear civilian dress. Article VfJ (chain of responsibilities) ,1. The Monitor Mission will operate under the re sponsibility of the Head of the Mission, who will be a national of the .Vfcmber State of the European Commu nity currently holding the EC Council Presidency, herein after called the EC Council' Presidency. 2. The Head of the Monitor Mission will report regularly, through the EC Council Presidency, to ail thePartidpating Parties on the anivities and findings of the Monitor Mi.s.sion. 3. The EC Coundl Presidency will inform the Committee of Senior Offidals of the Conference on Securitvand Co-operation in Europe at the earliest opponunltyon the activities and findings of the Monitor Mission. Ariick' Via (travel and transport) 1. Vehidcs. vc?»els and aircraft of the Monitor Miss ion will not be subject to compulsory registiation orlicensing in the mission area, provided that all such vehicles .shall cany third pany insurance. • 2. The Monitor Mission may use roads, bridses. canals and other waters, port facilities and airfields without the payment of dues, tolls and charges, induding wharfage charges. 3. Upon request, the Monitor Mission will be prodded by the Host Parties with such vehides as may be required t© perform iU iaski M case thC Montior Ml^on Ls unable to operate its own vehidcs. The Host Parties will fadiitatc the Monitor Mission operating Its own vehicles, vessels and nircnrri. Article IX (co/nmnnications) I. The personnel of the Monitor Mission will have access to appropriate iclccommunioitions equipment ofthe Host Parties for the purpose of its activiiies. includingfor communicating with Diplomatic and Con-sular Rcpre. scntiitroiw of the Sending Pariies.V<. crutT»ncn+ 5. Vpzila. plovila in Ictala opazcvainc til^'c bodo imela razIoCTe razpoznavne znakc. ki bodo prijavljeniusrreznim-organora. V. cien (sestava) 1. Opazovalno mtsijo bodo scstavljali aani. ki jihimenujejo strani poSiljateljice. Clani. Id scstavljajo opazo valno misijo. sc v nadaljnjcm besedilu imenujejo opazo vdld. 2. Opazovalce bodo imenovale vladc dizav pcSiljate- Ijic. 3. Steyilo opa20>'aIccv bo v zafetku med 30 in 50. Njihovo stevilo se lahko spreroeni po dogovoru med stranmi udeie2enkami. 4. Opazovald se bodo vTdriali kakiincga kpli dejanja. ki ni zdruzljjvo z neprisiransko naravo njihovih doIJflcsti. 5. Opazovalna raisija lahko uporablja pomoi administnitivrt<^ a in rehnidiega oscbja strani gostiteijic. d: to potrebuje. Adtnimsiratlvuo iu lehnifino osebje misije tXDi^valo Status, podobcn dstemu. Id veija za administra tivno in tehnidio osebje driav poSiljateljic. zapostcno vvcieposlanistvu. 6. Opazovalna misqa lahko na kraju samcm zaposlipomozno oscbje. td §a potrcbuje. Na zahtevo vodjc tJ^5l&skc skupnosti v Svetu Evrope (v nadaljnjem besedilupredsedsrvo Svota ES). 2. Vodja opazovaloe misije bo redno poroial prekoprcdsedstva Sveta ES vsem dria^'am udele2enkam o dejvnostih in ugotovitvah opazovalne misije. 3' Predsedstvo Svcta ES bo nemudoma obvestflo odbor visoklh uradnikov Konfercnce o vamosti in sodclovanju V Evropi o dejavoostih in ugotovitvah opazovalnemisije. VIII. ^len (peevoz) 1. 2a vozila, ployila in Ictala opazovalne misije neveija obv^nn registracija. zanje ni Ireba izdaii ddvclilnicc na obmoqu delovanja misqe pod pogojcm. da so vsa la prevonia sredstva zavarovana za rnorcbitno povzrodtevskodc treijim osebam. 2. Opazovalna misija lahko uporablja ccste. mostove. • kanalc in druge vodne poii. pristanisca in Ictali^^a, no dabi momla pladrvati dajab-e. cestiune ali takse in prislaniske pristojbinc. 3. Na zahtevo bodo gostiieljicc opazovaini misijiZrfjpnrjiyljair rnlym uoiUa. Icot hi jik li ^.v!,i.vU...flla pil opravljanju svojih nalog. kadar opazovalna mLsija ne bomogla uporabiti lastnih vozil. Strani gostitcljicc bodoortiogoGile opazovaini mfetj? uporabo njenih lastnfh vozil. plovil in Icial. IX.J'Un (zveze) Ciani opazovalne misije bodo imeli za opravljanjesvojih nalog dostop do astrcznc telckomunikadjskeopremc strani gostiteijic. vkijucno s komuoidranjem zdiplomatskimi In konzulanumi prcdstavniki strani po5ilJa teijic. 27-'08 91 08:30 ¥.M 38 61 224328 IS R SLOV LJB YU Str I -16. VlU/.t9SPl . , ¦ MEDNARQDN6POGODBE 7 2. Pereorinel of-the Monkor Mission wiH enjoy the 2. ^'iani opazovalne' mlrije bodo tmeli pravx^, doright to anresticted eommum'«tion by'its own radio neomejenih komunikacij "z lastno radijsko zve20*(vfc|ju^no (includinc satellite, mobile-and hand-held radio), telepho satelitsko, prcnosno ali ro6no rtdgsko p^tajo), telefo. ne. telegraph, facsimile or'any other means. The Hostnom, telegrafom. tclcfalcMm ali s- katcrnnkeli drugim- Parties will provide within 24 hours after signature of.thesrcdstvom. Strani costiteljice bodo v 24. urah po podpFsuMemorandum of Understanding the frequencies on whichMemoranduma o soglaqu poskrbele za frekycncc. na radios can operate. ¦ * . . katerih lahko delujcjo radijske zveze. Article X fprn'/VegCA- aixd immuAiiiesi 1. Monitors will be granted during- their mission the X. clen (privilegiji in imunitete) pririlcgcs and immunities of Diplomatic Agents, in accor1. Op^ovald uiivajo med svojo mlsijo diplornatske dance with the .Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Rcla-' privilcgijc in imunitete v skl5du z D'unajsko konve'ndjo tions. o diplomatskih odnosih. . 2., The Co-ordination Centre, the Regional Monitor Centre and other facilities, and the vehicles, vessels and 2. Koordinacijski comer, podro^ni opazovalnf center aircraft of the Monitor Mission will-be ittviolable. in drug! objekti in vozila. plorila tcr letala opazovalne .3. The privileges and immunities provided for In this mi-sije bodo ncdotakljjvi. Article will be granted to monitors: 3. Privilegifi in imunitete, ki jih prcdvideva ta Clen. a. -during their missioa. and ' X - bodo opazovalcem zagoiovijeni; b. thereafter, with respect to acts previously perfor a., med njihovo misgo ' • med.during their mission. b. ifl tudi pozncjc giede na dcjanja. kl so bna .4. The Host Parties undertake to fadlitate the entry into aod departure ftom the mission area of the Head ofopravljena 5e njthovo misijo." the .Monitor. Mis^on and of members of. the Mission 's 4. .Scrani gcstit'eljice se obvciejo olajsati prihod in per»nnel. The* EC "Council Presidency will provide the odhod z gbmo^a misije vodji opazovalne mtsije In i3anom Host Parties with a list of members of the Mission and misije. Predsedsi'vo svcta ES bo poskrbeib straoem gosilinform- the Host Parties about the arrival and departureteljicam seznam clanov misije in jIh obvestilo o njihovem of persoimjel belonging to the Motiitor Mission. Peisonnelprihodu in cdhodu. Clani opazovalne misije bodo nosili flanging (0 the Monitor Mission will cany their nationalnadonalne legitimedjc (pome liste) hkrati s potrdilom. identification cards' (passports) as well as a documentda so ilani opazovalne misije.' which proves that they are personnel of the Monitor 5. Strani gostitcljice priznajo stranem poSIjateljicam Mission. 5: The Host Parties reco^ize the right of the Sen pravico uvoziti brcz carine ali. drugih dajatcv opremo. potrcbSdne, 2ivci in dfugo blago. ki jc oamenjeno izding Parties to import, free of duty or other rcstrictiofls,. kijucno za uradne potrcbc opazovalne mtsije. kakor tudi any equipment, provisions,, -supplies and other goods ponovno irvozhf ali dnigaCe razpolagari s takSno opremo. wbech arc for the exdusrvc and official' use of the Monitor ie je 5e uporabna, z vsemi neuporabljenlmi potrcbSdina- Mission.' as wcU as to re-export to otherwrise dispose ofmi. ziveiem in dni^m blagom. ki Je bilo uvo2eno na such equipment, as far as It is still usable, all unconsumed opisanl naCin. provisions, supplies and other goo<^ so imported. • XI. Clcct-.bf any .damage, loss or injury suffered bi-jo uupel katerikoli opazovalec misije, in todo poyrniie by .any mooitdr m.connectioa with, the Mission, and willSkodo stranem poSiljateljicam gledc vsch zahtevkov, ki bi tijenuiify the-Sending Parties, in respect of any claims izhajali ali bUi kakorkoU povezani z dejavuostm] opazo arising from or .in 'any way connected with the aaivlties ' of the Mooitpr Mirion or its persotmel. valne misije ali njenih Qanov, • . Article Xl l XlLcUn 1. Repartrtioo of costs of the Monitor Mission is to , I. O pcrazdelitvi stroSkov opazovalne misije se bo be 'decided on. treba 5e odloditi. Done .at Belgrade .on "July 13. I99l, in the EnglishSesiavljcno v Beogiadu 13. julija i991'y angl^ikem language in four copies. jeziku V stirih izvodfli. For the European Community and hs Member States: Za EvTOpsko skupoost in njene.driavc dlanice: Cbristtaan M. J. Kroner Christiaaa M. i. Kroner Netheriand, Ambassador at Urge ¦ PotujoS veleposlanik Nrroscmske For the Fodmal Authorities of ,Yagoslavia: Za zvszae jugosiovanske organc: 2ivojin Jazic --Zivojio Jazif Ambassador . ' Vdeposlanik 1 27/08 '91 08:32 ?A1 38 61 224328 IS R SLOV LJB YU 1006 Strand- • • • MtlU.rywuurNc nJOUUttt _ . Stv*! —16. vni. 1991. tor tfte Kepublic qt Croaua; Za Rcpubliko HrvaSko: ' . _ E^vo im Rudolf Dsvor in Rudolf Minister of Foreign Afftiire Minister za zunanjc zadcvc For the Republic of Slovenia: 21a Republiko Slovenijo: Marko Kosta Marko Kostn Counsellor to the Svctovalec vfadc Government of Slovenia Rcpubltke Slovcnijc 3. clen Zo uresniCevanjc Mcmoranduma skrbi Minisirstvo zazunanje zadcvc. St. 900-01/91-10/1-8 Ljubljana, doe 1. avgusta 1991. Izvtsni svet Skapscine Repoblike Sloveuije Predsedolk • Lojze PeteHe I. r. BRIONI DECLARATION -cont. Acceptance of the Brioni Declaration by Slovenian Parliament (Official acceptance in Slovenian language can be found inAppendix G; Translated document received from Ljubljana has been re-edited for this publication) GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Republic of Slovenia Price 30 Din Year 1 gubljana. Friday 12 July. 1991 •With a special resolution, the Assembly of 163. At the joint session of all the chambers on10th July, 1991. the Assembly of the Republic ofSlovenia discussed the Joint Declaration reached bythe European Community troika and therepresentatives of all the sides involved in the Yugoslav crisis at the Brioni on 7th July, 1991, and arrived at the following CONCLUSION 1. The Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia in Its entirety adopts the Joint Declaration together with Annexes I and 11. 2. The Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia will inform the European Community troika of its conclusion. 3. Regarding regulations Declaration, Republic of following its consent to the defined in the Joint the Assembly of the Slovenia issues the STATEMENT -The right to self-determination of theRepublic of Slovenia has never been debatable forany Yugoslav republic or Federal body, and isexplicitely defined in the Constitution of the SFRY. The debatable question is the way in whichthis right is asserted. The Assembly of theRepublic of Slovenia finds confirmation of this view in the conclusions of the Joint Declaration , where it is stated that "Yugoslav nations alone should decide on their future". -The decision of the 88.5% of the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia reached at the plebisciteon 23rd December. 1990, incontestably proved that the citizens of Slovenia wish to live in an independent and sovereign state. the republic of Slovenia suggested to all therepublics in Yugoslavia that negotiations about aconsensual disassociadon of Yugoslavia and aboutthe future inter-republican relations in anyinstitutionalized form - confederation or economic community - should start. Since it has not receiveda reply to its proposal, it, in accordance with theLaw on plebiscite and the results of the plebiscitecarried out on 23rd December 1990, had to decide independence and adopt the measures for itsimplementation. -Even after this act the Federal authorities were unwilling to negotiate over the independenceof Slovenia, although the Republic of Slovenia on25th June repeated its proposal for negotiations; they rose against Slovenia with military force instead. The main goals of the operations of theYNA were the following: change the extant regimeat border crossings, which was in compliance withthe laws of SFRY and the laws of the Republic ofSlovenia; close the borders between Slovenia andother countries and thus cut Slovenia's communications with the world, so that the YNAcould later impose its condition on it, with anobvious political aim of preventing theimplementation of the independence of theRepublic of Slovenia. The YNA was defeated andit consented to a cease-fire, but it has been unwilling to nominate its representatives in theCommission in charge of supervising the observation of the cease-fire, and it is againthreatening with a mass attack involving alldestructive means aimed at numerous targets, including civilian premises. -Since it wishes to prevent futher bloodshed and insists on the proposals previously put forth, namely that the question of Slovenia's gaining independence be solved with negotiations in a democratic way, the Republic of Slovenia hasaccepted the favours of the European Community troika and paused further implementation of its constitution^ acts on independence for 90 days. -The Assembly of the republic of Sloveniawishes to express its esteem to the EuropeanCommunity for their efforts for a peaceful solution of the Yugoslav crisis, and expects that theEuropean Community will do everting it can in order to put a stop to the violence of the YNA us against Slovenia. -The Assembly of the Republic of Sloveniaviews the cease-fire and the cessation of all hostile activites of the armed forces against the Republicof Slovenia as an obligation for all the parties, andwill therefore consider any further completion of military garrison and transfer of new units fromother parts of Yugoslavia to the territory ofSlovenia as flagrant violation of the cease-fireagreements and all the obligations ensuing from the Brioni Joint Declaration. \ •The Assembly of the Republic of Sloveniaexpects that the European Community will payspecial attention to the following open questions: 1 .accelerated mobilization of the reserve staff of the YNA, especially in the Republic of Serbia; 2.safety of the YNA officers and soldiers wholeft the YNA units during the war; 3.release of the YNA soldiers, citizens of the Republic of Slovenia, without any sanctions and4.compensation of damage caused to the Republic of Slovenia and its citizens during theintervention of the YNA. -The Assembly of the Republic of Sloveniaadopts the Brioni Declaration without reserve andunconditionally, and thus expresses its full trust inthe good intentions of the European Community. No: 000-01/90-5/43 Ljubljana, 10th July, 1991 The Assembly of Slovenia Dr. France Bucar President 10 Two Days after the Attack of the Yugoslav Army on Slovenia Slovenian Territorial Defence Controls All Northern Border and One Border Post with Italy World Media Does Not Report That because the Reports Coming Strictly from Belgrade Don't Tell the Truth REPORT CONCERNING THE CONTROL OVER SLOVENIAN BORDERS (OfficialreportinSlovenianlanguagecanbefoundinAppendix H; translatedby SherrilO'Connor-Srajandre-editedby theauthors) Republic of Slovenia Ministry of Interior Ljubljana, Kidriceva 2 No: 0213 Date: 8.6.1991* Dr. Janez Dular Member of Cabinet Parliament of Republic of Slovenia BASIC INFORMATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BORDERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Within the Republic of Slovenia there are 1,218 km of international borders comprising land, sea and river borders with the Republic of Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia. Within the area comprising international borders with neighbouring countries there are altogether 115 border crossings, of which there are 38 international border crossings, 64 border crossings for special local traffic and 13 border crossings or crossing points under special agreement. The Republic of Slovenia has a common border on the West with the Republic of Italy, of which 226 km is on land and 16 nautical miles (29 km) in sea. On this border we have 17 international border crossings (by road, sea, train and air), 23 border crossings for local traffic, 17 farm crossings and 2 Alpine crossings by special agreement. On the North the Republic of Slovenia has a common border with the Republic of Austria 315 km in length. On this border we have 19 international border crossings, 20 border crossings for local traffic and 11 Alpine crossings by special agreement. On the North-east there is a common border with the Republic of Hungary of 102 km in length. On this border we have 2 international border crossings. The border between the Republic of Slovenia and the republic of Croatia is 546 km long. Of this border, 240 km are river borders (the rivers Dragonja, Kolpa, Sotla and others) and 306 km is a land border. On this border with the republic of Croatia, on 25th June, 1991, there were 8 border check points established, ie: Secovlje, Dragonja, Jelsane, Metlika, Obrezje, Dobovec, Gruskovje and Sredisce ob Dravi. At all border crossings and border check points in the Republic of Slovenia, the Republic of Slovenia through the Ministry of the Interior exreclses effective and sovereign control over all border traffic. Branko Celar Officer in Charge Chief Inspector * 8 July 1991 is more likely ** Travel permitted by identity card in specified areas 11 Slovenia Is Not Achieving Only Cultural Independence but Is Also Developing Strong Western-Style Economy Independently of the Rest of Yugoslavia BRIEFLY ABOUT THE ECONOMY OF SLOVENIA- Some of the information on the economy has already been presented in Chapters 3 and 4 . Summarized statistics are already in Chapter 1. Now we shall have a look at some of the largerindustries and firms of Slovenia. Slovenia has a very strong metal industry, including primary, refining and finished metal products. Slovenia has brown coal and lignite mines and smaller mines of black coal. There is a uranium mine under Mt Peca. Agriculture has been suppressed for a long time, as is typical with communist and socialist countries. Agriculture could probably be developed to sustain the nation, but Slovenia can neverbecome a major force in that area because of her size and geographical characteristics. Slovenia has a very strong electronic industry with ISKRA being one of the biggest electronicand telecommunication firms in former Yugoslavia (about 30,000 employees). Slovenia is trying to penetrate the world market by developing high technology andknowledgebasedindustries.Slovenians arebecomingoneofthemosteducatedpeopleintheworld (similar to Norway which has the highest rate of tertiary education in the world). With theirgood work habits and discipline Slovenians produce high standard products. Recently (during theprocess of demoCTatization) Slovenia established a Stock-Exchange. Tourism has always been important in Slovenia and this has contributed much revenue to thecountry. Slovenia has some very interesting natural phenomena. Let us mention just a few of them. 1. The Caves of Postojna are very beautiful in themselves. But their great attraction is a cutelittle animal living only in those caves. Its Latin name is Proteus, but in Slovenian language itis called Human Fish. It has a shape and a size of a small lizard (such as a skink) but it livesin cave's waters and it has gills like fish. The name "human" comes from its colour which is a pale pink like a white human being. Another very beautiful group of caves are the Caves of Skocjan, which are lesscommercialized. Those who have seen them claim they are even more beautiful than theCaves of Postojna. 2. The Lake of Cerknica is phenomenal. Its water disappears and appears at intervals that seemto run to a schedule of the lake's making. It is a great place for fishing when there is plentywater in it and it is a great place for farmers, who collect hay from it when the waterdisappears. The reasons for its strange behaviour are not quite explained to these days. Slovenia has many historic points well worthwhile seeing and is famous as a country whereyou will find a church on every hill. One of the most important tourist attractions are the Spas. There are many Spas in Slovenia with different thermal and mineral waters. The spas' mineral waters are sold in many countriesand are renowned by their quality and pleasant taste. Some of them are used for medicinal purposes and each of the Spas is a medical centre by itself. Some of the Spas are for rheumatical * For trade between Slovenia and Australia see Chapter 1 diseases, others are for cardio-vascular diseases and some are for skin diseases etc...Let memention just a few of them. Radenci for heart diseases with a renowned mineral water calledRadenska (or Radenska Three Hearts -because it has a label of three hearts), Rogaska Slaiimwith its water called Rogaska which is particularly helpful in the case of colic and stomachtroubles, Atomske Toplice for rheumatical diseases, and others such as Dolenjske Toplice, Catez, etc... In winter is a great time for winter sport activities such as skiing and skating. Sloveniansdominate many of the world's winter sports. Slovenians have been world and Olympic championsseveral times in slaloms, veleslaloms and ski jumping. These champions include Bojan Krizaj, Mateja Svet, Bogdan Norcic and others. Some of them have already finished their careers, but there is a new generation of champions on the way. A few of the more important firms of Slovenia include : Gorenje Velenje -Velenje is a town in north-east Slovenia and it has a lignite mine. But its main income earner is Gorenje, a firm producing white equipment, such as washing machines, refrigerators, etc... In Australian they are marketed through Gorenje Pacific. Gorenje haverepresentatives al ll over the World and in Europe is one of the bigger manufacturers and marketers of white equipment. ISKRA -A big telecommunication and electronic firm producing ferrits (magnets), variousparts of electronic equipment such as microchips etc... It is building telecommunications stationsall over the world. It has over a hundred subsidiaries and representatives all over the world. Alarge part of the production comprises electronic aparatus, telephones, and transmittingtechnology. They received 1st prize for the design of the telephone a few years ago in USA. ISKRA is not represented in Australia. Yulon -This firm specialises in the production of poliamid filaments which are used inwomens pantihoses and the like. Nearly al ll of the products are exported (85%) to EEC and EFTAcountries. With 600 employees they create an export income of US$27 million annually. IMV -Acar production firm. 80% of their production are cars by licence of French companyRenault. Two thirds of those are built for export, but production for domestic purposes is rising. Therest of the output are caravans, other vans and specialist vehicles. Autocommerce -A trading firm that is now being licensed as a representative for Porsche in Slovenia. Elan -Ski producer. Elan is a competitor with Rossignol in the production of high quality skis. Slovenian and other countries' top sportsmen and women have won many gold medals using Elanskis. Other activities of Elan include the production of glider planes and boats. Slovenijales -Afurniture manufacturer with a very strong subsidiary in USA. They produce all sorts of high quality furniture from lounges to kitchens. They have a subsidiary in Africa aswell from where they import a lot of their timber. Lesnina, Meblo -furniture manufacturers. Sava Kranj -car and truck tyre manufacturer. Litostroj -producer of turbines for hydro electric power stations and the like. Zelezama Jesenice, Zelezama Store and Zelezama Ravne -steel factories LEK, KRKA -pharmaceutical firms Droga Portoroz -Coffee and tea firm. It is exporting toAustralia as well. * See Appendix J for a story of a Swede being cured in Atomic Spas (Atomske Toplice). 12 \ The Case of Slovenia Presented to Senator Evans from the Legal Point of View with Notes and Comments LEGAL CASE PRESENTED TO SENATOR EVANS WITH NOTES AND COMMENTS (Prepared by: Sherrill O'Connor-Sraj - solicitor andGarry Moore -barrister; Re-edited with notes and comments by Gerard and Nevenka Clarke) 1. The criteria for severeien statehood in international law are said in Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of Status (1933) to be: "(a) a permanent population (b) a defined territory (c) government (d) capacity to enter into relations with other States" (165 League of Nations Treaty Series, p 19) ad a) Slovenia has a permanent and homogenous population: -total population of 1, 712,445 (1981 Census). 43% are urbanized. Capital of Ljubljanahas a population of 305,(X)0. Other important towns include Maribor, Celje, Kranj and Novo Mesto. -Slovenians form 90.6% of the population, with the following minorities: Croatian 2.9%, Serbian 22%, Hungarians 0.5%, Italians 0.1%, and unclassified 3.7% -the Slovenian language is a Slavic tongue. As such, it is related to but distinct from Czech, Slovak and the neighbouring Serbo-Croat language. -the Slovenes settled what is now Slovenia in the 6th and 7th Centuries A.D. and have lived there ever since. ad b) Slovenia has a defined territory: -the Republic of Slovenia has an area of 20,256 square kilometres. It occupies 7.9% of the former territory of Yugoslavia. -Slovenia is bordered by Italy and the Adriatic Sea on the west, Austria in the north, Hungary in the north-east and Croatia in the south-east and east. -the borders of Slovenia have been well-defined and accepted by all since the Second World War. ad c) Slovenia has an effective and authoritative government: -the government is republican in form and headed by the President, Mr Milan Kucan, and the Prime Miruster, Mr Lojze Peterle. -the government reflects the principles of parliamentary democracy. It is formed by members elected from the tri-cameral legislature. The members of the legislaturewere, in turn, elected in free and fair elections held 8,11 and 23 April, 1990. ad d) Slovenia has both the capacity to enter in to relations with other States and a strong wish to do so: -the government has established a Foreign Ministry under the Foreign Minister, Mr Dimitrij Rupel. -Slovenia is ready and willing to exchange diplomats with other countries. -Slovenia is prepared to shoulder its responsibilities as a successor State to the old Yugoslavia and as a member of the international community of nations. "Every State has the right to its own independence in the sense that it is free to provide for its ownwell-being and to develop materially and spiritually without being subjected to the domination of other Slates, provided always, that in doing so, it shall not impair or violate the legitimate rights of other States". (Draft Declaration on the Rights and Duties of States, drawn up bythe Secretay General of the United Nations pursuant to aresolution of the General Assembly of 21 November, 1947) 2. The present government of the Republic of Slovenia governing from Ljubljana meets the preconditions for de jure recognition.* "...it is international law which defines the conditions under which a government should be recognized de jure or de facto, and it is a matter of judgement in each particular case whether aregime fullfills the conditions. The conditions under international law for the recognition of anew regime as the defacto government of a state are that the new regime has in fact effectivecontrol over most of the state's territory and that this control is likely to continue. Theconditions for the recognition of a new regime as dejiire government of a state are that the newregime should not merely have effective control over most of the state's territory, but it should, in fact, be firmly established. His Majesty's Government consider that recognition should not begiven when these conditions are not ^Ifilled. The recognition of a government dejure or defacto should not depend on whether the character of the regime is such as to command His Majesty's Government approval". Secretary od State for Foreign Affairs to the House of Commons on21 March, 1951 (Hansard, Vo.. 485, co 2410: cited in Carl Zeiss Stiftung V. Rayner & Keeler Ltd & Ors., 1967; A.C. 853,906 per Lord Reid) (i) The Slovenian government has, in fact, effective control and administering authority overall of the territory of Slovenia bar Yugoslav Army bases**. -all bureaucratic offices and functions in Slovenia are directed by the government in Ljubljana. Officials report to the relevant minister in that government. Th is legal case was based on the requ irement of both recognition of the Slovenian Government and the Slovenian State but the rest of the case presented in this book seeks the recogn ition by Australian Government of the independence and sovere ignty of the State of Sloven ia. Th is is in accordance with the current Austral ian po licy of recogniz ing states instead of the old po licy of recogn izing governments. ** By the agreement between the Yugoslav Government and Slovenian Government on 20 July 1991, it has been achieved that the Yugos lav Army wi ll move out of Slovenia in the next three (two) months. In fact, a lot of the Army barracks are already empty up to th is time, which means that the Army bases are or will be soon in the possession of Slovenia. the courts, police and militia forces accept the authority of the Slovenian government. -the Slovenian government has at its disposal some 35,000 militia* troops and a further 8,000 armed police. All are well trained, well armed and committed to Slovenian independence. In contrast, some 20,000 Yugoslav Federal Army troops (of total of 130,000) are presently stationed in Slovenia. Most are poorly trained and poorlymotivated conscripts. Since the outbreak of hostilities, a large number of federal troopsin Slovenia (not exclusively of Slovenian origin) have deserted. A further 55,000 federal troops face 40,000 (froatian militia troops and 30,000 Croatian armed policewithin the Republic of Croatia. -Slovenian government authorities control all of Slovenia's border crossings: a total of 115, of which 38 are international crossings, 64 local crossings and 13 others. -the Slovenian government has the backing of the Slovenian people. (ii) The effective control exercized by ^e government of Slovenia not only is likely to continuebut is also already firmly established. -nothing less than a massive land and air campaign by Yugoslav forces would be likely to break the control of the present govemmnent over Slovenia. Such a campaign wouldresult in protracted guerilla warfare by the Slovenian forces (an ideal hilly and woodycountry), probable Croat involvement, possible Macedonian and/or Kosovo involvement, significant dissesion in Serbia, a rapid logistical run-down by Yugoslavforces, economic chaos throughout Yugoslavia and almost certain Europeanpeacekeeping involvement. Despite the intemperate remarks of some Serbian generals, such a Yugoslav military campaign is unlikely to be initiated and, if initiated, would almost certainly fail to negate Slovenian sovereignty**. -Yugoslav leaders appear to have moved a long way towards accepting a sovereign, independent Slovenia. The Brioni agreement was a significant step in that direction***. An AP, Reuter report published in "The Age" on Saturday 13 July 1991 (p 9) asserts thatthe European Community is prepared to send 40-50 truce observers to monitor the Brioni agreement in Slovenia with the approval of the Republic's government. Approval hasalso subsequently obtained from the federal collective presidency. The report went on toassert that the YugoslavianVice-President, Mr Branko Kostic, had, on the previous Friday, stated that he believed that Slovenia "has been written off for Yugoslavia", and had added that he supported the withdrawal of federal forces from the republic. Mr. Kostic is a Montenegrin. The focus in Yugoslavia has in a real sense moved from the independence of Slovenia to the disentanglement od Serbia and Croatia. * More correct Territorial Defence. Slovenian Territorial Defence counts about 44,000 men according to Mr. Bebler -Chief Military Adviser to Slovenian Army. ** Mr. Bebler, Chief Military Adviser of the Slovenian Army sa id on Four Corners program that Slovenia wou ld have the capac ity to destroy about a third of the tanks on the way to Ljub ljana (about 1,200 tanks were on the way to Slovenia from Serbia just before the Brioni Declarat ion was accepted). The rest wou ld break through the barr icades and the Sloven ian Territor ial Defence, and would "sit" on the main streets of Ljubljana, but the Slovenian Government would still operate. To destroy the government they would have to step out of the tanks and down from the planes (air attacks), in wh ich case they would be faced with the men of the Slovenian Territorial Defence supported by 1,700,000 Slovenians. *** See Chapter 9 -Brioni Declaration and Appendix F -Speech of Mr Milan Kucan at the acceptance of Brioni Declaration for more about Brioni Declaration -There is no suggestion that the Slovenians are having, or are likely to have, second thoughts about independence. 3. Australia should exercise its discretion and recognise the present government in Ljubljana asdeiure government of the Republic of Slovenia. (i) The Slovenian government is a government which has achieved power by constitutional means. -The President and Members of Parliament were elected under the terms of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia 1974 and the March 1990 Electoral Law. -Presidential and parliamentary elections were conducted on 8,11 and 23 April 1990. (ii) The Slovenian declaration of independence was adopted and effected constitutionally. -A referendum was conducted pursuant to s. 379 of the Constitution of Slovenia on 23 December, 1990. The referendum was initiated by Presidency Decree No. 0100-290/9 andthe Independence Referendum Law (6 Decembber 1990). The question put was: "Should the Republic of Slovenia become an independent and a sovereign State: YES or NO". 88.5% of adult Slovenians voted: YES; and 4.0% of adult Slovenians voted: NO. 75% informal or not voting. Parliament declared independence on 25 June 1991. (iii) The Slovenian government has shown a preparedness to meet its intembational obligationsand behave responsibly towards foreign countries. -The government has publically indicated its preparedness to assume responsibility for 20% of the Yugoslav National Debt*. (iv) Early recognition would win a place for Australia in the hearts and minds of Slovenians. -Slovenia has the most advanced economy in South-Eastem Europe. Early recognition would enable Australia to foster trade links with Slovenia and, through it, with theentire Balkan region. -The longer recognition is delayed, the greater the potential for difficulties to emerge in non-public legal fields with the development of Slovenia laws to meet changed circumstances. Areas of likely difficulty include those of marriage and divorce, inheritance, private legal status and nationality and enforcemnet of contracts. 4. Possible arguments against immediate dejure recognition are far from compelling. (i) It might be argued that Slovenia is a "mini-State" and thus too small to merit recognition. -Slovenia is bigger in terms of area, population and/or economic output than a significant number of current members of the United Nations. -With an area of about 20,000 km2 and a population approaching 2 million persons, Slovenia is a state with half the area of Denmark (43,000 km2), the Netherland (41,000 km2) and Switzerland (41,000 km2). It has two-thirds the area of Belgium * Needs to be ratified because of the war damage (30,000 km2). It is almost as large in area and population as Albania (28,(X30 km2 and 2.6million persons). It is almost ten times bigger than Luxembourg (2,500 km2 and 360,000persons); and has an area 60 times, and a population 6 times larger, that those of Malta(300 km2 and 300,000 people). It is, of course, many times larger than Andorra, Liechtenstein, San Marino and Monaco. Slovenia is 40,000 times bigger in area, and2,000 times bigger in population, than Europe's smallest State, the Vatican City (0.4km2 and 1,000 persons). Although, perhaps, something of a special case, the Vatican is, * of course, recognized by Australia. (ii) It might also be argued that Australian recognition should await a complete settlement ofaffairs in Yugoslavia. Put slightly differently, it might be asserted that recognition would tend to destabilise the Balkans . -Affairs in the remainder of Yugoslavia and the Balkans may take many years or decades to settle**. - The present position of Slovenia as a sovereign nation conducting its affairs independently is most unlikely to change as matters are sorted out further south and east. -Recognition of Slovenia would contribute to regional stability. It would assist in deterring any extremist military adventure from the south. (iii)It might next be argued that recognition od Slovenia cannot be effected withoutsimultaneous recognition of Croatia. -Each State's claim to recognition should be judged on its own merits and in the light of its own circumstances. -Without in any way wishing to argue against Croatia's claims to recognition, its position is clearly different from that to Slovenia. Unlike the latter, Croatia shares alonger border with Serbia and Bosna-Herzegovina. The present boundaries of Croatia would appear to enclose some 600,000 disaffected Serbs. Negotiations betwee Croatiaand Serbia for the division of Bosnia-Herzegovina along ethnic or national lines have reportedly commenced*** . In all, Croatia's situation is a lost less clear than that of Slovenia. (iv) It might be argued that Slovenia should not be recognized until the financial and otherconsequences of its succession from Yugoslavia are finalised. The resolutions of these matters may take months to effect. -They are the matters which can be negotiated between fully-recognised States (see negotiations between Pakistan and Bangladesh). * The recognition cannot destabilise Balkan. Balkan has been destabilised by centralistic, totalitarian views of the "Yugos lav-Serbian" government. ** Slovenia geographically does not belong to Balkan peninsula. ***Although many Croats and Serbs live in Bosna and Hercegovina, the main div ision in Bosna is rather by rel igion than by nationality. There are catholic, orthodox and muslim Bosniaks. It is unfa ir to cla im by either Croatians or Serb ians that the catholic Bosniaks are Croats and the othodox Bosn iaks are Serbs respectively. Bosniaks are a nation which has been living on its territory for as long as Serbs in Serbia or Croats in Croatia. They have their own history and culture. The division of Bosna would be of occupat ional nature by both Serbs and Croats. -They are also matters which will be worked out whether or not Australia recognises Slovenia. -The Slovenian government has given a commitment to honour its obligations as a constituent republic in the old Yugoslavia. (v) It might be argued that it is premature to recognize Slovenia when it may yet retain somelinks with the remainder of Yugoslavia. -The Slovenian government has made it clear that any such link will not derogate from Slovenia's sovereign independence, and will be forged on a State-to-State basis. Arrangements will almost certainly be looser than those which regulate the EuropeanCommunity (They may parallel the old Benelux accord). -In the same way as it would make no sense to withdraw recognition by Australia of the European members of the European Community pending the conclusion of economicintegration arrangements, so it makes no sense to withhold Australian recognition of Slovenia whilst it establishes new ties with its neighbours. (vi) It might next be argued that Australia should not recognise Slovenia until recognition isafforded by other European countries and/or the United States. -Recognition of new States is rarely co-ordinated by other States. If each State waitedfor someone else to recognise the new State, the latter might never be recognised. -Recognition must depend on each State's own assessment of the situation, tempered by its own national self-interest. -There is no reason in policy or logic why Australia should not be the first to recognise Slovenia. -Prompt and early recognition would earn Australia significant respect and influence inSlovenia without antagonising governments in what remins of Yugoslavia to any appreciable extent. (vii)It might also be argued that Australian recognition of Slovenia might also tend todestabilise Europe in general and U.S.S.R. in particular. -Nationalist sentiment is clearly on the rise in many other countries in Europe (eg. the Slovaks in Clzechoslovakia, the Hungarians in Rumania and the various nationalities in the Soviet Union). -The internal conditions (especially economic conditions) and immediate circumstances of each area are almost certainly far more relevant to the future of separatisttendancies in such area than the recognition of states such as Slovenia. -The merits of each claim to national independence or autonomy are unique. The claimsof the Basques, the Celtic nationalities and the Slovaks are clearly different to thoseof the Baltic nations. The claims of Moldovians are clearly different to those of theGeorgians (and a very different to those of the South Ossetians and Abkhazians). (viii)Finally it might be argued that Australian recognition of Slovenia would engender ill- will among Yugoslav migrants in Australia. -It might be said as against this that a significant percentage of such migrants wouldwelcome such recognition; not just those of Slovene extraction but also Croats and Macedonians. -MostSerbianAustralians wouldprobably acceptrecognitionas atleastinevitableand, possibly,as afactor contributingtoregionalpeaceandjustice. 5.AustralianrecognitionofSloveniaatthis timewouldbebothrightandproper. TheUnitedStates,inrecognisingthenewStaetofIsraelin1948,justifiedits actionas: " a practical step in recognition of realities". (U.N.Security CouncilOfficialRecords,No68,3rdYear,p16) AustralianrecognitionoftheRepublic ofSloveniaandits goveminentinLjubljanawouldalsobeapractical(andtimely) stepinrecognitionofrealities. * Many Serbs support democratic movements in Yugoslavia. There is no deep-rooted hate between Slovenes and Serbs. This is not the war between the people of Slovenia and the people of Serbia. This is the war to preserve the totalitarian Communist regime against the newly formed democratic societies in the country. We believe that many Serbs in Australia are not supporting the Communist regime in Serbia, although some of them may be blind under the pressure of the strong Yugoslav- Serbian propaganda machinery which is doing nothing but deliberately implanting hatred into the nations against other nations. 13 Is Australia Doing the Right Thingto Delay the Recognition ofSlovenia? COMMENTS ON AUSTRALIA 'S STAND ON SLOVENIAN RECOGNITION On 27th June 1991, Senator Evans made the following statement on Australia's position as a result of the conflict that erupted in Yugoslavia: "The proclamation of independence by Croatia and Slovenia on 25 June should be seen asthe commencement of a process rather than its culmination. " - Senator Evans Obviously Senator Evans was not aquainted about the happenings in Yugoslavia beforethe proclamation of independence by Slovenia and Croatia. These papers have been prepared inorder to reveal the situation to Australians and to convince the Australian Government that the process for independence started long time ago indeed, and that the Declaration of Independencewas in fact a culmination of that process. More, it was a necessary action of both Republics to protect the interests of their own nations. Because of the Brioni Declaration Senator Evans ma intains Austra lia must wait with the recognition of Slovenia. He also expressed the concern that people of Slovenia may change their minds during the interim period. The Brioni Declaration was signed in good faith that the independence for Slovenia would be achieved in a peaceful way rather than by war. It does not mean that Slovenia has changed its mind. The Brioni Declaration does not mean revoking the Declaration of Independence. The right for selfdetermination and freedom has not been disputed by any of the sides involved. Slovenia obliged herself to only postpone further implementation of the functionsof independence. This postponment is conditional on both sides respecting the agreement. The only outside party involved in the Brioni Declaration is the European Community. Noother countries are bound by the Brioni Declaration. The Australian Government and others can act on their own** . Senator Evans maintains Australia cannot recognise Slovenia because of doubtsover who actually controls the borders and the airspace. Papers from the Ministry of the Interior of Slovenia have been presented to Senator Evansabout the effective control of all the border posts between Slovenia and other countries by the Slovenian Territorial Defence .% During the war between Slovenia and the Yugoslavia, the Slovenian Territorial Defence was so effectively blocking the Yugoslav Army, that the Army, after a few days, started to "order" Slovenia to give the Army the right to continue their operations (of killing and occupying) in Slovenia. Naturally, Slovenia refused to accept these "orders" from the Army. Nevertheless, since the Brioni Declaration, an agreement has been achieved between theYugoslav-Serbian Government, the Army and the Slovenian Government that in the two monthsleft of the Brioni Declaration, all Yugoslav troops will move out of Slovenian territory "where", in the words of Borisav Jovic, the Serbian representative in the Yugoslav Presidency "they are an occupational force". ** for more information about Brioni Declaration see Chapter 9 and Appendix F -the Speech of the pres ident Milan Kucan to the Slovenian Parliament * See chapter 10 for a full report on the border posts Controlling the air space is a very tricky issue. Which country in the world really controls its air space? You will probably agree that maybe only the USA and Soviet Union have full control over their air space. And even here we need to remember a young German boy who landedunobstructed outside the Kremlin a few years ago. Slovenia is very small in area. Stretched 200 by300 km it is possible to be overflown in less than an hour. It is not probable that Slovenia will everhave a vast air-force. Slovenia has fairly well equipped anti air-force units and is able to defendits air space from the ground. The domestic Slovenian airline, Adria Airways, has been flying now for some years on European and international routes. They are up and flying to some European destinations already since the war. Senator Evans says Australia should halt recognition of Slovenia because Australia may be forced into a recognition of Croatia as well. This argument has been dealt with very well already in the previous Chapter (Legal Case presented to Senator Evans). Let us just emphasize again that Slovenia and Croatia are two separate independent countries. Each of them needs to be regarded by itself. Of course, we do notdispute the right of Croatian nation for their independence either. Senator Evans was reluctant to act as he feared it may increase inter-ethnic tension in Australia. This presupposes that violence may erupt in Australia from recogniton of an independentSlovenia (and maybe Croatia). It does not take into account that violence may erupt if recognitionis NOT given by Australia and other countries and Yugoslavia-Serbia is then given the green light to re-invade Slovenia and Croatia, killing thousands of people in their war to subjugatethese nations. It is far better for Australia, and the other nations of the world, to recognise the legitimate aspirations and reality of independence for Slovenia now, because such recognition willstop Yugoslavia-Serbia undertaking a war against Slovenia and Croatia. Although the war in Yugoslavia has been brought forward as the war between thenations, this war is fundamentally the war between the old communist regime - centralized in thepower of the Army and the Serbian Government - and the democratic movements happeningelsewhere in Yugoslavia. We must remember that in Slovenian Territorial Defence were fightingalso Serbians -Slovenian citizens -who voluntarily accepted to live in a free and democraticsociety instead of going back to their native country which is opressed by the dictatorship. Wealso must remember that many Serbians living in Croatia are supporting the independent Croatia. These Serbians have been most abused by the occupational and dictatorship desires of Milosevic's Government We would like the Australian Government to think about how many times they had todeal with Ethnic violence between Slovenians and Serbians in Australia. We think you will findit is very rare for violence to occur between Serbians and Slovenians in Australia. It is not likelythat any other Yugoslav ethnic group, apart from maybe some Serbians, may oppose Australian recognition of Slovenia. We believe most Serbians who are in Australia, left Yugoslavia because of their hatredof the communist system. These are not likely the sort of people who will turn around and beviolent to Slovenians because they democratically have sought their freedom in an independentstate. If you followed the events in Yugoslavia you would have noticed that soon after Milosevicwas elected in Serbia there were huge demonstrations in Serbia demanding media freedom. Atthat time the same Army, which today acts against Slovenians and Croatians, defended thecommunistic Serbian regime, and, of course, its own position, which would certainly deterioratewith the fall of Yugoslavia. The indication that the Serbian people don't hate Slovenians was also shown when Serbian mothers went to Slovenia to demand their sons to desert from the Armyrather than fight and kill Slovenians. One Serbian father said: "I had never thought that my sonwould be fighting anywhere else but defending the frontiers of his own country." Ethnic tensions in Australia will certainly not be increased by Slovenians living here. Slovenians are extremely peaceful people. If we are attacked by Serbian extremists we would expect the Australian Government to protect us as any other citizens of Australia against criminals. Senator Evans expressed an unwillingness for Australia to be the first to recognise Slovenia, but indicated Australia would be one of the first to recognise Slovenia when the time comes. We feel that Australia should be taking a leading role rather than a waiting stand in recognition of the democratic movements happening now in Europe and elsewhere in the world. Australia cannot expect to play an important role in world diplomacy if it doesn't take actions before others have led the way, especially in the situation like this where they can take a leading action without prejudicing any other interest of Australia. We also feel that Australia should be taking a leading role in this matter because it canexpress much more unbiased view than maybe countries which are closer to the battle fields andmight even get fully involved if the war continues. We understand that in order to be unbiased and to do the right decision Australian Government must be well informed. We prepared these papersto give to the Australian Government more details to be weighed. But their should not be a disputeover the right of any nation to be independent. And that right must be recognized. One factor that may be weighing in Senator Evans mind is the amount of trade Australia has with Slovenia. This does comprise about half of the trade between former Yugoslavia andAustralia*. Naturally this trade will continue and improve after the recognition. However, Germany isSlovenia's biggest trading partner, and she has been most vocal in supporting Slovenian independence. If Australia recognises Slovenia this will have a very good reception in Germanyand may well assist us in inaeasing Australian trade with Germany. * See Chapter 1 -Slovenia in Numbers for statistics about the trade between Slovenia and Australia 14 At the end, you must remember that despite many betrayals and hardships Slovenians have gone through for centuries WE HAVE SURVIVED and if no country in the current arrangement of the world society recognizes us as a state WE STILL WILL EXIST and although not recognized we will be INDEPENDENT unless a complete genocide is performed upon us. APPENDIX A Are Slovenians descendants of Venetis? ti.. 3. Dr. Jozko Savll, rojen 29. 1. 1943 v Tolminu, je po zakljuCeni Srednji Irgovski Soli V AjdovSiini nadaljeval Sludij na Ekonomski fakulteti v Ljubljani, kjer je leta 1967 diplomiral. Po nekajletnem pouCevanJu v Kopru je kot dian visoko- VENETI Solskega doma Korotan nadaljeval Sludij na Gospodarski univerzi na Dunaju. in tarn leta 1975 doktoriral iz socialnih in our ancestors? gospodarskih ved. Z Dunaja se je preselil V Gorlco, kjer pouduje v Dr2avnem trgovskem zavodu s slovenskim jezikom. VENETI nasi davni predniki? MOJI „ALMA MATER" GOSPODARSKI UNIVERZI MIT DEUTSCHER ZUSAMMENFASSUNG NA DUNAJU WITH ENGLISH SUMMARY Dr Jozko Savli was born in Tolmin (town in north-west Sloven ia), 29th February ^ 1943. He attended High School for Trade ^ ^ ( and Marketing in Ajdovscina. After ,/> . finisMng the High School, he continued / Sadies on the Faculty of Economy in / Ljubljana where he graduated in 1967. For a few years he had been teaching inKoper (South - west coastal town). As a member of Korotan he was granted tostudy in Vienna on the University for Economic Sciences. He obtained Ph.D. in ^ ' social and economical sciences in 1975. From Vienna he returned to Gorica where he is teaching. DUNAJ/WIEN 1985 §^|J| i 1 s-^-sli -h||:5i fsjl^ 5 g a|il ¦^T3j=a;«j=^2x-5u s-o ,5cn *'x.-i.>Cci;"^«®u iii=liil|ll! li^i^ llfiilfllt- llil ga.a^a|g°-3§'.H| ,i3r-: »„^>3^cu-ll3S^.a-°^aj = — P ^ — .S C"04J-^"304>OCJ"»C«C£ ~ "5 ^«^^S:Eo«-£ = 2|fg2.2--« ouis-r-^-^c-^^^i-l "w "t>^o.Hum2 '"r 'co ¦Sl3-aS|f-5 0-g^„5^-ya.=I= cs^32 -12«-^g« g-£-£|S|ao SS^c-5-sIdoS.«^«^^ j«|«--a«u W ¦2°°£|^'ilio:Scg>:^^^|^S|«sgeE-i2^s.g^^|£«g'g S goiqa? _^3 = iu -«.£^:5^ '=>,« = ^c^= .«4)c§^ -§^^fi 2 5g = ^^x«:35S^^:=«:c« IW-_ ^i^'^|^a-S.&8°S|Siiig=iI§c§.2E':o^c8|ogg3o c ffi Hr y on ¦" *" u H CQ3 ¦£8M-^ '5:215HS 'u g CO'C g j= ^flc/j.£"on 2 x o — e O so > y «««^c ^ o X lln E .2 «*3 y ; ¦§|i-S|Ss c ^ u=S y —' ll ll ^ u •^ = 2a:S~ y 4> o-C3J3 .3"D -o•= c « C > X ..c 2 c C y-y ed3 «ut _ 3 y fio c ^ Islll — -* h O •- 3 o -ou-2y 5N23-? r r _0 :c3 w I -5 ^ J3 S g _y ul y 3V) X w-c-r; X • U X ta u y« X "ao6.£ '~' . *3 goa ,u _. C c Ho IV 5 -It CO -o W£ ^ u. u ea— ^ c •£ « y y -rn -eg,S "53 Q«y "-5^ 2 y — y y •'c O2o3g X.S 5„£c sg S ^ y «0-5Sx § .£ « X o-3^ cQS"? yc -3.O io "? "O .ugCO ^y • e -C 4> S « 0X2 g gid:5 ac^ •5 ^[y o 2 I iIllE— .£^2 ---s t« 3 >c 2X 6~ Z^« y c o -. yu '" = ^O«« ao « 2.£c"" g«y 4> ^^ = « ^ C C ^ 3J M% C y to ^fl C e "3 c o c yC .2 ^ gy = — y -3 25c "O 3P Q y cijX CX R3 .223> y wX w (O^ V) > N>CJ (O CO Tene civilization (Later Iron Age) within the Alps. The Hallstatt culture con tinued to dominate especially in the Eastern Alps until the Roman occupa tion in the 1st century BC. In addition to this various locations can be found whose names are of Slavic, i. e. Venetic origin, in the Eastern and Middle Alps towards the heart of Switzerland. Therefore the pre-Roman .regnum Noricum* which arose from the late Hallstatt culture in the Eastern Alps can be only considered as a Venetic Kingdom and not of Celtic origin. These Venetic or Protoslavic people cal led the Noricans were first named in historical records written by Plinius Secundus, Taurisci and Garni. It has been proven that the Noricans were al lies of the Romans and voluntarily submitted to their supremacy. Consequently the Noricum area was considered to be in a particular po sition in comparison with other provinces of the Roman Empire. Latin colo nists did not settle the area and Roman troops were not stationed there. However, what has just been mentioned did occur at the end of the 3rd cen tury during the rule of emperor Diocletian in the ,Noricum ripense", i. e. throughout a large part of land alongside the Danube. Since the 6th century this area comprising what is now actually Upper Austria and Salzburg has been occupied by the Bavarjans. The .Noricum mediterraneum" or Inner Noricum, i. e. the central part of the Eastern Alps where tl)c actual regions of Carinthia and Styrialie, re mained attached to the Ostrbgothic Kingdom in Italy at the end of the Ro man Empire until after the year 488 AD. Later on it passed over to the By zantines along with the Italian territories for a brief period of time. The establishement of the Langobard Kingdom in Italy after 568 AD and the events relating the period which succeeded broke all connections bet ween the Inner Noricum and the Italian terr itories. Precisely during this period in the second half of the 6th century the Slovenian state called Carantania emerged in the Eastern Alps or more so in the Inner Noricum. This is why historians usually associate the settle ment of the supposed South Slavic ancestors of the Slovens to the same period of time and location. Nevertheless they do so without historical docu mentation. Historians have come to this conclusion by simply adopting the pre sumption that the inhabitants of the Inner Noricum were Romanized and Christianized by the end of the Roman Empire. In this case the Slovene me dieval state named Carantania could only have appeared in the 6th centuryas a consequence of the supposed settling of the Slavs from the South Slavic area to the Balkans. At all events the process of Romanizing and Christianizing the Noricans with the exception of certain large towns which were made Roman on a cultural basis has never been proven. Roman historical records strictly ma ke reference to Romanized large towns whereas nothing Is mentioned con cerning the Norican rural stratum to which the great majority of people of that region belonged. When the administration of Italy ceased to reign over 124 the Noricum with the invasion of the Langobards, the majority of the Noricans, i. e. the peasantry, proclaimed their own independent state called Caranthania. This sequence of events can also be proven by the fact that thename of Caranthania itself is a mere derivation from the Roman denomina tion Carnia or more precisley of its people, the Carni, as Plinius Secundusstill names the Noricans. The names Carnia, Carantania, Carniola, Carinthiaderive from the ancient word .car* wich means a pointed summit of amountain. This word still has the same meaning in Slovene alpine termino logy.To Justify these previous affirmations is the fact that the Slovene language does not appertain to the South Slavic group of languages but more so to the West Slavic group because it has preserved ancient Protoslavicgrammatical forms such as the dual, the supine, the genetive case in negati ve sentences, 45 distinct dialects and so on. Certain modern linguists consider the Western Slavs to have stemmed directly from the Protoslavs (CVerdiani). Because of the influence of various ideologies such as the Great Germanic, the pan-Slavic or the South Slavic unitarianism idea, the possibility of a Protoslavic origin of the Carantanians, i. e. the Slovenes, deriving fromthe ancient Veneti has never been adequately taken into consideration byhistorical researches in their publications. APPENDIX B American Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, Installation of Carinthian Dukes and Frank Lausche u CO "U <" o u HtH ^ u C/5 «>j 3 « Q s s w I o a, o kri d I ^ ?c < 5T3 1: £J « '5 "li in Sow u Pi u o H K U iW < w a pc! psj H < > O >-a CO "r7-jciG«sswp?ssH3is»^>r::-. Sloveni' a,thenorthernmostrepublicofYu^oslavia.measuresonlv20.251squarekilometers or slightly less than8.000squaremiles,whichis approximatelv thesi7.eofMassachuset ttsorhalfofthesizeofSwitzerland.In1981.thepopulationoftheRepublic ofblovemawas1,891.864.ofwhich1.712.446(or 90.52percent)wereSloveniansandtheremainderweremostlyCroatianandSerbianmigrantsfrom the southern Yugoslav republics. Although the territory of Slovenia measures only 7.9 percent of that of Yugoslavia and her population represents onlv 8.J percent of the total Yugoslav population, the Slovenians account for 16.5percentofYugoslavias gross nationalproductandmorethan20percentof Iugoslavias foreigntrade.Becauseoftheir smal llsizeandcentur\-longpoliticalsubjugation, the Slovenians have been relatively little known in America andother countries and ignorance and prejudice against them have often beenrampant. By contrast, when better known, they have often enjoved a solidreputation. While some authors, such as G.H. Duncan (having consistentlv of literacy as those of illiteracy I. described themas il lliterate, without a written language of their own. ignorant and superstitious {Immigration and Assimilation. Boston: Heath. 1933. pp. 309-310). thebet tter informed,morecareful,andmoreopen-mindedwriters havepresenteda completely different picture. Bernard Newman, the noted British authoror instance,wrote:"Slovenia's masters rangedfrom CharlemagnetoNapoleon. hut the people clung to their own culture and langua-'e. . It was amiracle of survival, almost without parallel The Slovenes used to share witli the Scandinavians the reputation of being the best-read people in the T o ~ of f'ooks read {)er head of the population was four times the British figure. . . . In almost every village collage I found a litlle Hbrarv ?L .MM yi'Itoslayia, London: Jenkins. 1960. pp". 1 J8-U;) ihe American wriler. R.H. Markham. called ihe Slovenians (orblovenesl of ihe mosi advanced nationality groups or nations in ihe world" \vhose cof ffee houses . . . were as reading rooms inAmerican public libraries" and who moved forward to a distinguished place among ihe mosi advancednations Uito s Imperial Communism. Chapel Hill: The Universitv of NorthCarolina I ress. 194., pp. lU-lI). And the noted Lnglish scholar. R.C.A. DeBray, [joints out that "literacy in .Slovenia reaches almost 100 percent of thepopulation; and the general level of urban, rural, and domestic culture is li ii-di evenby WestLurofJean.standards" iGu/detotheSlavonic Languages.London: Dent. I9.ol,p.363). For more information, .see Kdward Gobel/. led ) Slovenian Heritage. Vol. I. I98I. Lausehe 's Trihulc to His Slovenian Heritage Sorrow hns tilwtiys been willi luc in tin- kiiowlodoe that ihc Slovotios arn s«> llltlc known lo tlic |)('o|)li' nl' ihi- United Stales tind lilt! world In f111 viv«! in the ftice tif seemingly insurmoutU;d)le«ipposition. Slovenest»re not warrinj( people: their history shows an aiisence of miliiarv leatlers, but an abmuhincc of writers, tirlists and humanitarians. 'I'hey have been law-abidin'^, honest, selfiesslv devoted to mutiud luilp, self-susttiijiinj^, yrtUeful even for tiie mea^'erness of their worldly possessions, aiit! al)ove all else, for their little naliv<' Sloveniji. 'I'hey tire ti peoph; who in the ftiee of (t|)p(tsilion succeeded in [)reservinji themselves and their culture by their richness of character and a "will lo work." Slovenia is a land of iii^di Al()inemountains with jjreen cultivated valleys and pasture lands. Housesare stout, roomy, clean and neat, reflectiuf; the sturdy characterof the people. Their capital, Ljubljana, is full r)f statues, and not one of them of a soldier; only |)oets and thinkers iiave beenso honored. Slovenian townships tire warmly im[)ressive. andwhat makes them .so is the intense cidlure of their inhabitants. Whenever one penetrate.s sho|is, restjuirants. private dweliinjrs. one comes upon the trace of books tind the mellow unhurried discussit)n of what is written in them. Slovenes have an ancient and unicpie lradili(tn of democratic autonomy. In the Middle Ages, the rulers of Slovenes in Car inthia were chosen by the people in a ritual in whicli the people were acknowledged as the supreme rulers. Only by the consent Scmilnr l.aiisc-lu'. rciKlii)},' his s[)eii<;h on ihc instjillalion of Dukt-s of Carinlhia of the people was their sovereignty transferred to the person in rtc-il in lituord—Si-imlf. \i.v.-nilnT JH. |). Uusche. with his g{>oSiA.YUANOM REPIjBLIKE SLOVEMJE « VOULCXM V RE?UEL!KI SLOVENUI Udelezite se giasovanja oa pld^iscita V ned^o, dee bra 1990. Cissovsfi bomo o vpraSaigu: AH NAJ REPUBUKA SLOVENUA POSTANE fOSTOJNAINNEODVISN-ApRlAVA? . DA : = ¦¦. . SE ¦ Odlodher za samostojno is neodvisno diiavo Rcpn . Sloveaijo bo spr^cta, 6e bo zanjo ^asovala veSna voBcev. . OdZotitev za samostojao ux neodvisno drSayo R^u-' > Auvculjw Uxui tuialwduji ^^.nn»-ii. 1*. RepubUka Sloven^ Icot samostojna is neodvipa^ 116 bo 76$ zdmSena v zvezoo dx2avo — Sociaiisdcno :ativiio TvpubUku Jugublav^d. I. Postopna urcsniiirev stamsa RepubEkc Slovenijeiaiaostojne in neodvisne dizayc Sd uredi z ustavmmm za izvedfao odloSlv^. sprqete na plebisdm, z novo^0 RepublBce Sloven^e ui nstrraim zaJconoin za iz-> w ub!AVC, ' • 3. Rcpublika Slovenija kot samostojna m neodvisna^ bo lahko ^epala meddEzsrae pogodbe, vkljbdnoifederalno pogodbo z dtiavami drugih jugoslovaoakih dev. Na olebiscitu sprejeta. odlofitev za. samostojoo in ¦ 10 driiavo RepubiSco Sloveniio bo zavczovala 10' RepubEke Slovenije, da v Sestxh meseoble nstavne in druge akte ter uicrepe, ki so pcirebni. suveremn lepabtika ^ovenija prcvzame'irvrfcvanfe r"'-™""" Tfan ?7imR io, ki jib ji prtflitia na otgao? SKKI HT' ivnem janja 2 drugica repnbnkami v SFRJ o ^n: idstra SFRJ in o bodoS uietStvi medsebojiM cb^.-^--.-< • • "•'T" ' '"I. I t'-t"? 2 8. '3n< ailcboa o.k^laSei^ju ^LuX K m JT. 'aji y wLilvak y .. j, • '--• «•*««% «4aI!¦ n pf l •.^^dobodkov.-liL nekaterih /dnigih ptej^kov ddavccv -2a ;.25; 12.-1^10,¦pi^ek^ gtesova^ • .:." ; —Ff_ »»—ij T> wi^-t-t ••. .. Teto^ ot^avlja TAvbd Ftepublike Slovenije 2a staii-. IdsobiJeYa'daipIe&isata o&otneEfaj^a ' — — ¦. .'staMegabp^idB&rkCT^sobQevboImSi^t. ROCILO zdravSSoz:, domu 2a cBtarele obiSme0 rastl caraivi}^ potrebsSa na obmo^ RepobtOce"aHvpriporu,.. -. i-. ' 12.9S2 u 94 wna 49 49ca^ra • tfi na*ptenv«wTn sintpH] • .:. 1 361.73.8 'SnuT«iilfe T u' • M c s e ^ oziroma zni2anja cea avljei^kih .. --3...a)-Na.podlagL 8.' Seoa zaJcona o-plebtsdtu o i Slovenip v obdobja od jnlija do •*" -^decwbra' 1S90 samostolnosd in-aeodvisnosti RepobUke-Slovenqe so priugotavHanja iada glasovanja ne updStevaJo os^jc, 2akamre o^ai za izvedbo pl^isdta-ugotovi da sc zsra^ -^]ulijl990i 0.8% doia.v tuiini, .'stuzcEga vojaSkega roka. all zaradt v-ojaskih '.•. *•-avgust.r -12% vaj. niso mc^e-ndeleati glas^ifaiga-. ¦ . 1990 7,7% -RepubBka volflna fcom^ja ugotavljarda se iz nave 6*2% :.;~:e&>be^1990 • dmh'raziogovglasovaijja in mo^udeleSti 42274 0^, — s&Q . ; Z— noVdoberQovezxiOcr . ..3J%. i...«.« —.— 1990 2v5% zato se'^ugptav^aiqe nada upcSteva L'4^.C^ voEcev: .•¦\;-;;?S).6d-•" > aarsi ' —¦.-¦• •• -.', J'. ^ * A"i^vpn!i3Bajo«^AIl4iAj.IlK.j^C1^3Iv^»iiji . .iT.CJi-tCI t^Uuc ••'¦ ' • ' •--"^.sajnostqipa: m'neodv^^ drzavai'je'z ftlE odgovcrilo"' ' ¦ .;v--Ji37.a3p--yqffl-^_t4:.ctl^ -. ;., • -j—.——^ v-~~"r iPO 'tt o.c-tL"0 --•• r ker.iz^oddmeglasqvnjce mbilbiaocugotovid volje .ft.in--.T-—™~ ~ «-»-•• volilc^:je'fcito 'iicVeIja:ym^ 1X412 gjasqvnic (0,9%). . fbinnel:oiEa^ o zdda ^asoTsi^ na ~ pWiadiLj'dae23-I2.-19W ^ -•.^ ftr^RqjubSka'vo.Iilca komis^ pii"iigqia.Y§ai^ cdda • giiftovaDja.-iii .agoa)'vila nepra^HIncsti. Id bi vpS^e na~' ''-Repnb?T?ifa vninn> koTi iiisya Je di iie.-26.. 12. 1990 narzfd glasoyai;qairT"V/ -~"T"' -. *'•* ¦ .• " r^r^Xpvflftgi dolo^ 7. flena'zakona o piebi^tu o samostojno ja neodvisnbsd RepubEbt Sloven^-(Uradni list RS,-..-n 4490)' V zveziz IdOloCbami 27. aena.zakona djiolirvah R^uWBka vofilna kon^a'^-na p^lagi'doloSj 3. i:fV-:^yskupg&t (Uiailiilist' SRS, l£ 42/89 in-5/90 terUradm aena. zakdria o plebisdta o samostc^iMSti in peodv^osd'Rcpublike Slovengc, -ngottjvUa, da je odlofit^, da Repu blic Slovenia posone samostoina or ncodvlsoa dizava, /^ Bgotovila ¦ . ¦".* •_¦_ :* ¦ sprejeta, -V ^^"-Zi-'naslcdnjJ izid^asovanja .na plebisdtu za odlootev, ;.'al£i^ Republikia Sloven^t postancsamqstojna in neodvi-'ker se je zanjo izrekia v^a vseh gjasovalnib upra;^ Vi.j|oa'dxiava^'kijobilv nedeQo.dDe23.dcambra1990:. vifcucev. . •,-.••• " •_ " -T • I ¦-. "Sc RVK-E 1-1/96 . ¦ voClecv •-' Ljubljania. dne26. decembra 1990: ^ . -.a -V.X. a) Napodla^ evidence vbOne pravto, jfebOo vsploSne-yoinne noeoLke-:-7-yptsano .... 1.496.860 -..Tajttpc .Predsednlca ; b) kcrpomotomanisobifivpisam Marko Golbb ic t r. Mbj^ Ude-Marm^ 1. r. ¦y vo^i ii tmenik.Je po_77. aenu zakona . .. . 6 vc^tvah vskupSane's potrdUiglasovaloX434 ' Clani/C\-. * c) skupno stevfldyolilnih upravifencev 1.499294 •' v.. X Glasovalo jc; dr.-Fcanci Gtad L r. ' ; .¦ a) napodIagi74. Sena zakona , Marko Henaan 1. r. . ;, o Volitvah V skupSfiine 19.12.1990. Peter Pregl L r. •. .-20.12.1990 in 21.12.1990 (prcdcakno Mtrosfav Pci^e I. rw. - 'giasovanfe)^ ^ . 1^.233 FVanc Testea I., r. APPENDIX D s Official Election Results in Slovenian Language (See Chapter 7 for translations) St 17 — 30. IV. 1990 t^ADSl UST aSPTJBLnCS SLOVENUS S»n 9S9 gft-. IL SVSDENCA m HZAMBA &T OV 0. ilzdelovalaica peCatov izro£i narocmictt ob«neQ2 s peiatom tudi cnatrico pgcata Vsak dczami -organ, podjetje, / crgansacija-in skupnost ter posamezsilc, M izvrsr^e javxta ipoobla: stila, znoca vo(£ti iposefaso evldencd^o peiatlh, ki jQx . Upo^lja«11 hranis •' -Evidenca. pe2atov.se' vodi-.v/posebnl 2a possmeeea pe&t .se v evMeac£.:^pike:, t^oSa iteviHcapefata, 3tevDka in datum -naroSIe'peCata, bdtxs pe- Sata, uporabe pe£ata, /ocgsnizscyska enota. Id tpefat upocabija, ipodpis deizvca, ki torazd pedetd«4wn, 3« peiai ts£.6 Is ^pomha, • ter meceUtea >£.6 Is upom opomba. ^ 1 10. to ¦¦ 0 DtzztsI organ tnora ictatrice tzrielanih pe&tov •Tamo liraniti ali kcadsijsl^ uDrotL.-KomZsijsko se- UAKtjo tudi pe2at3, Id se sehajo oporsAIjati. Unic^ nje pe£ata. se v crTidecd pe^atcv. Ce se pe2at izgiflyi; xrora drSavni organ to obja' vlti V Pradaem 'Hstu S^ubXIke Slcvenije in pe&t caTB^asid za neveljavaega/ '. av ¦L.to•'; ¦¦• *. Ta pr^vilnik' zaCnef v^atl' oaitfednji dan' po uL- Ijavi T Ucadnem }isia jBsptAWss Slcveli iije.. . ¦. ; ¦. Ljobljmn, daa g. jrpifln»lflOO. . ¦-"Eepu'alSSi s^retar za praybsodje m ^aprsvo ¦ Jacei Zaje L>r. NapodlagiJl.890. tiens rraitnna o prgvozTh V cest;^ nem prometa (U/«Hi list SHS, SL ¦4£/^ izdaja predeednik Sepub: Skega. koatiteja' za prcan^ in zveze -v.v^^psjrt. 2 iibK3kini, sdcretarjeni za ^notranje za* <3eve ¦p R AT I t Wr K ¦ spremcmati prtvila£ka a {FzeveDdraOx pregledlh In pilk:]opQi22 V9iQ / t yen, . V pravjtotfcu o (preventivaih pregledih motomih in priklopi^ vodl '(Uradnl'list-SRS, St SS/88) se be sedilo S. Benaspremeni tako, dase-glasi: • < •»Redm preventivni pregled ee opravlja za -Arnla, starejSa od petih let, -vsakih iest mesecev.od zsdnjegapreveotiTjCega all tehniCnega prcgleda, in sfcer za: 1. voiilo, ki ss daje v-najem -(mk-a-csz), ¦2. t-OTomo in ddovno vo^o, • 3. pjfiklopnoiVo^o, ¦i. fcocDbmirano ivo^d, 5. yIeSno vazi]o-«. • 2. Ben praviinik za&ie veljati -osmi dan po objavi V Uradneaa listu Sepublike Skrvecije. fit 34/tM)2,W yLjubUana.^dse6.apcUAilflfiO. ' -Predsednik KepufanSkega kcmlteia ¦ 2a proffjBt in zveza aciaa Jeieac L r. S81. Odbor ja razvoj sodalnega akrbstra/aepublilce Slovetdje Je na svoji seji dne 2S. aprila l&O skiadno s13.Becoci.zakona odoloBtvinaTog^i iihod1-L 1990 za&sno opravljajo organ! samoufravnih intereS' nih. skupnosd in o ustanovltvi doto^enih repcbliSkiHupravnih organov (Uradni list SBSy^ 42/^ sprajel SKLCP' o csklaStvi: PreZivtrine, dolodeae s ibdno odlo2bo in preSivnine, dolo2ene z dogovorom i^30. Bena zakona o zakonskj zv&i In dniBssIob r?7T7iaiih. ki so 2a bQa valorizimne s I. aaarcsm 1990 in crenvniQe, dolocene v mesecix ia> nuarju 1S90, se s lym&j&n. 1990 povisajo gl^e na gl baaje nvljenjsldy^^strogkoy in osebnih dohodkov v januariu in feonibfjia 1990 za 29,5 ®/». Preavn|n^ "dolo&ne ali dogovorjeoe v raeseca febmarju IMO se s 1. majem 1990 povisajo za 9,5 V». St 567/A-1/90 . ' • Ljubljana, dne 26. apri^ 1950. iPredse±iica -• odbon a razvoi sccialnftn ' HzricnFa jiLr. " *.• ¦.: ' ' ' ¦ wtt. ¦' . POEOClLO O CgOtoTitvl izida votiiev za predsednika Predsedstva .* .:. -Beptibl!keSloyenl je v' " Hepubliaa volSna koaiisija Je.aa'svoji seji dne 24. 4. 1990 bb i.4i uri V Ljubljani, V prostor2i Skn^ s£ne Hept^Iike ^oveiije in na podlagi ptv^n odstavka 24.' Qeaa zakona o volhvah fn o-'^skHcu pred- Sednika in Banov Predsedstva Septiblike Skjvenlje QgotoTlla.i --1. Pri ipoQOVZMsn ^aso%*anjn 22. 4, 1990 je od 1.489,922 "wolilcev glasovalo Lil48,627 TOlflcev," oziroma76,9Va. . ¦¦ . 2. -Za predsednlka PredsedstTa je bilo oddanih t.144,983 od wfia-navetjavnm 'SSSti tn ve- IjavTLih ljl2tt,63L . _ 3. Posamezaa fcsndidata-za predsednika iPred^stTa Repablike ^ovenije sta pr^ela naslednje Steviloglasov: . Milan Kucan, 65TJ96 ozlrome 58,59®/»' Joze P u 5 n i k-464.435 ozirotna. 41,41 Vo 4. Med kaRriidatnma. ki sta pri ipruom giasovanju ¦ za predsednika Predsedstva Sepublike Slcveaije due t. 4. 1990 dobiia najrei glascry TOlifceT, ki aa oddall veljavne glascnmice, je bE .prl drugem glssovanjn za predsedniia 'PredsedstTa Pepublike Sloveaije izvoljen- Milaa Kn6a2L St, SVK1-1/50 Ljubljana, dne 24. »pTiia <1990. Tajnik Pretiednlk Marko Golebi^ L r. Emfl Tcmc Clanl. • • dr. Franc Grad L r. Nsce FaTlIn U r. p«jf. SIcbodaa HakcsEeriS L r. fir. Lotto Staim Lr. Marko Henaan L r. Stras ICOO XmAD:ft LIST SEPUBLIS2 SLOVSMJ2 St. 17 — • 89i POBOCILO d'izjchi siasovaBj:^ za izvsHter ^egatoir r dntzbeno* poOisSoi zixJT saaQscine Re^ablSke Slavenlje S. £a 2Z, aorfta I. Na. podlagl prejetibi zapisnikov yolilnih komisl] vdHnih. enot za voiitva dele^tov v drozbenopcliti&il iocic SkupsSne.Bepablike Slovenije in volilnUi komjsij za volitve ' xiarnanosti. v zbore Skxipsfine Slovaufje je B^abliska'volilna .komislja n? vji. dno 34.-1. IflSO liswlbvUa: 1. Glasoranja za. izvblite7 d^egatDv Dru^benopo* Iiti£a£ zbor SkapSase Bepublike Slovecije 8. 4. 1990se je udeleSIo 1^4L2I2 volilcav. 2. 'Oddanfh le bilo 1,238^.89 glasovnic. 3. Ve^Javnib je bEo I42&.4SS glaSovnic, neveliarlah glasoTOic-Je bilo 109.754, " * 4. ?Va VdUtCToh 0. 4. 1990 du pcsam^se lv>tP .ken* prajtila naslednje Stevilo gi^ov, izracunscin po dolo&ah 90. Saoa z^oaa o volit^^ 7 sknpS^e: St. t4sa V. glasov 11 Scxdalisticna sveza Slovenlje — SZDL 38.082^0 5,37 2. — Strsnka. d^triokta iicse prenove.. 186S2740 17,23 - 3. ZSilS -'¦ i56.843J)l 14.49 4. Slovenska demokraticna zveza 102.3311,73 9,51 5. Slovecska podjetalgka StranSa • 17.02L09 -.1,57 ' Slovensfea 'otprbtiSita stranka . • '31288,95 3,34 ' 95.540,49 .7. Zeleni-SIOTC^je Zelenl --8,84 8. IfTgaT^qlrr ' : -141402,36 12,98 '9. Slorenska: km^ka zvezs -'.135.808,32 12,55 10. Zveza/za^ohrSiniiev enakt^rav. ncsti oofenbv "¦ ' ^.628^77 '.2,46 .U. Sotialdemotcratska zreza Slove nije-;.-* * ¦79^30,74 7,33 12. Zveza druStev opokoj«nce7 T£a¦ tlbor .. 4JJ3,43 . 0,38 -.13. lOemofcratiioa. rze^ Kosova 3.240,01 0,30 14. Dr^vliasaka T^ena lista > . ¦2L5a2,82 1,99 .13. Nbya druibeaa gibanja 5.276,04 0,49 15. Usta. neodvisnili 4.61^33 0,43 17. Lista. posaaiiczLih kandidatov 4.714,98 0,44 Skupsq l,082.D5o;57. 5. Ufa podlagi poroSzT volijaib komisij voUlnih enot za" volitve delagatev r DPZ SfcwpSfirre Eepnblike Slovenlja ja BapobliSka volilna. kcsnisQa ugDtovila, da so bOi V posamezaih volUnm enotah- sa pocQagi doldcb 90. Sena'ZVS izvoljenz naslednii kandidati Iz riaslednjih list; 1. VolfTna enota (Ljubljana. Center) 1. France BuSar, Slovenska demokrati&ia zveza 2. Cuil Elblfiid, ZKS-SDP a. bZile SetlQc. ZSMS 2. Vbiiliia enota (Ljubljana Mcste-Polje) 1. Tone Aaderlii, rgMg • 2. Milan .BaUiic, ZKS-SDP 3. Vomoa enota (Lj^^Ijana "Vic-Eudnik) 1- K"ftcjin4iS, CHS-Sbr 2. Janes Janfa, Slovensks. dcmofcnitiina zvesa 4. VoUlna eaofei (ITovo assto) 5. Volilna enota (Ec^er) • L Peter 3eke§. ZKS-SD? 6. Vblflaa enota (No-/a Gorica) L Jc£e Sko ie, 7. VoMna ecota (Kranj) 1. Zoran Tbaler. ZSMS 2. Emn MHan Fi at ar ZKS-SDJ 8. Volilna enota (Eavne aa^KorcSten) -9. Voiilna eiota (Manbor) . • . " • . L Andrej Verlid, ZSMS _ . . 2. Franci Pivet;, ZKfWSTJP -id. vouina enota (Mursfca Sbbota) L JoSe M a g d i 5, SlovenaM kr55ansk£ demO' krati .* • IL Voli lna enote (Ptu j) *" 1. Ivan P u c n i fc, Slovecska kmeScs nvcaa" 12. Voini^ enota (Cdje) 1. Fr^c PotoCnijs, SlnvP^Vcatmoffiiasre^ 18, Volitna ermta (V^anjc) 14.. Volilna enota. (Trboclje) L Franc Plpan, 2SS-SDP m. Reptiiliska volilna komisija je sesiels ostaake glasov istoiinenskih list po razd^tvi aandatov v volilnih enotah. Ti ^tanki zaasa^: 1. Sotialisticna zveza Slovenlje —- SZDL 58.091,30 2. ZES — Stranka decsokratigne prenove 89.327,23 3. ZSMS .. .-87.361,73 4. Sloveaska demckratifca rveza -74371,32 5. Slovenska obrtno podjetaiSka stranka" -17.021,09 6. Sloveaska. obrtai2ka srtranka 38.263,55 7. Z^eni Stoveoije',—^Zeleni 95.540,4£ 8- Slovensfci fas6aaski. dcmokrsti 126.077,36 • 9. Slovenska kineSca sveza 108.455,82 10. Zveza sa ohranitev enakopramosti obfianov . .2S jb^^t i 11. Socialdemokratska zveza.Slovenijc 79.950,74 12. Zveza drustev upokoj^cev Marinor . ' 4JI3,43 12. Detnokraticna zvera Eosova .. . 3.240,01 14 Drsavljanska zelena lista ' --. 21.582,82 . 13, ' Nova dniS iena gibanja 5.27G.04 16. Lisia neodvisnih • • -4.618,33 17. Lista pcsamicnih S^ndldatov * 4.714,88 Skupaj 845J40,44 rv. Pri razdelitvi ostanka mandatov na republi5kj. ravTti se ne up<^tevajo naslednje list^ katerih skupso stevilo giasov v .republiki ne presega 2,5 Vo skupnega gtevDa giasov ra 11^ israamanib po I. in 2. odstevku SO. flena zakr>na o volitvsh v skupsdine; a) Slovenska obrtno podjetnlSka stranka b) Zveta za ohramtsv enakopravnosti bccanov c) Zveza druStev upokojencev Maribor c) Dernokratigna zveza Eosova iz Ljubljana d) Drzavljanska zelena lista e) Neodvisna lista novih drufbenih gibanj I) Usta neod-'iaaih g) Lista posamidnih kandidatov V. BepubllSka volilna kooisija je ugoto-vila, da je pctrebnn razdeiiti na republHki ra-vni 61 mandatov med posamezne liste, ker je bdo 17 kandldatov izvo- Ijenih. v volilnih enotah, 2 delegate pa se voli v vo- Ulnih enotah na narod.iostno intianih nhTibcfib. VI. KepubliSka voUlaa komisija je nato sukeesivno delila skupci cstaae^c giasov vseh list, kl So prejele vec kot 2,3 '/» giasov nd skupnega Stevila izraCuaanib giasov za liste. Ugotovila je naslednje kolidnike po •St. 17 — 30. IV. leso ITSADNI LIST EEPITBLIKB SLOVSh*IJ2 Stran ICOl nasledajem vrsineia. reda (op. Sifra posaxneme liste je-y$«$koa ena'-sa koi pii skupn^ IsraOuhu glasov za lists); tme SfT^n&e Ostaaid L SIcrvensk: kr iticsld denflikcat i 126077.3600 I'Slcveaafca kzae£ka -zroeza 106455.8200 -J 3. Zslgnf Slovottija — 9S640.4S00 • ' 4. ZK5 — Straska donokratiSBe prenove '89327.2300;. _-5: -2SMS 87561.7500 ¦•'. .6. Scdaldemofcratstea. zvaza Stiroaiie .. 79950.7400 :..y .«girtO»»rKfra CT»»?a ¦ " 7457I.33Q0 S. Sloveaski krSCaaaki demokrati 63038.6Q0O9, Sbdalistidna zveza Slcveoije — SZDL ' 6809UOOO 10. StovensTr? kmecka vttaa. 54227.9100 11. Z<*]eai SlovecLlje — Zeleni • 47820.2450 ' 12. ZKS — Stranta deoackraticne prenove 44663.6150 13. 2SMS ¦ . 43780.8750 14. Slovenski fa'gfan.idci dtomokrati 42025.7867 «.-•¦ •• 15. SooaldersokratslB zvea. Slovenije 39975.3700 16. Slovenska obrtniSka stianka 33268.9500 17. Slovenska d^okratiSna zresa 37285.6650 13. SIov«iska kmeds sveza ¦ . ¦ 36^513400 .19. Zeleni Slovecije — Ze!en! -31880J633 20: Sl'jvenski IqSSanski dembkrati 3151S.S400 ¦2L. 2KS — S:ranka demcferaticae prenove 29775.7433 •22.ZSM5 .--••• ¦ • . 23187.2300 i:23L SorialfetldBa zvea SIcrveniJe — SZDL 29045.6500 ..24. SIove»ka kmedka zveza -1 27113J550 Sodaldem^ratsla zveza'^ovesije 26650J2467 iA-SlOTensId krscanski .demokrsti -. 25215.4720 • '27. Slovenska demokrstidna zvesa. ' 24857J100 >22. ZeTeni Slo-roiiQe,-— 23910.1225 ' 29. ZK5 —; Straska decobkrati&ie prenove 22331.8075 ¦-30.:2SMS' .si..-...:;...----... • ¦ . . 21880,4375 ._.31..Sove:^lca kmeCka rveza -21^1.1640 ;32. Slovenski $ct$£anski demi^tati -21012.6933 m":-• .33. SocIaldemoJorateka zveza Slovenije ' ' 19987.6530 ' 34. Sodalisticna zvea Slovenije. SZDL 19383.7667 5^7 ^i¦' 35. Slovenska obrtnisfca stranka • _ , 19134.4750 36. Zrieat Slovenije — Ztieni- ' 19128.0980 37. Slovenska demofaratidca zveza. ' ' 18642.8325 35. Slovenska kmedka zveza ¦ 18075.9700 P-:--39wS2ovenski_krScanski demokraii 18C1X.05I4 r: ;40. ZSS — Stranka decoiraiicne prenove 17365.4460 k'. •••¦, '•41 -ZSMS ¦ , ; . 17512J500 r./.; 42. SocialdemokrateSa zv^a Slovenije 13990J.480 m ^ • 4^ Zelen! Sloven ije 15940.0817 44. Slovenski krSdanskl demokrati 15759^6700 45. Slovenska. ksedka zveza 1549X6886 46. Slovenska demckratidna zveza . I49142S60 & 47. Z2S — Stranka deraokratidne prenove 14837.8717 • 48, SZMS 14593.6250 • 49. SodalistiCna zvea SIbvenije — SZDL 14522LS250 '. SO. Slovenski krSdanski demokratl 14008.5956 5L Zelenf Slnvesiije — Zeleni 13662.SS71 52. Slovenska kmedka zveza 13556.9775 53. Socialdemokrateka zveza Slovenije 13325.1233 54. ZSS — Stranka detnokratifine prenove 12751,0329 55. Stovenaka obrtnSka stranka 12756.3167 56. Slovenski krsdanski demols^ti 12607.7360 57. 58-Slovenska 59. Slo\'essiQ 60. Zeleni 61. Socialistiiaa • Vn. SepubliSka voiilca konsUIja Je na podbgi ' najviSjih 61 zaporednih koUinikili cgotovila da pripada posameznia listam naslednje stevilo caandatov: a) Sociaiistidaa zveza Slovouje — SZDL — sifra 1) — 5 mandatov b) ZKS — Stranka deaokratiSne prenove (siira 2) — 7 mandatov c) ZS2S (Si£ra 3) — 7 mandatov d) Slovenska demokratiSna zvtzsi .0i£ra 4) — 6 mandatov . ? e) Sloveoska obrtnlSka stranka (Siira 6). ^ 3 maa^ dati 0 Zeleni Slovenije (Sfra 7) — 8 mandatov g) Slovenski trfgansM denokrati @2ta 8) — 10 mandatov h) Slovenska km»^ zveza ©ira 9) — 9 man datov i i) Sooaldanokratska zveza SIcveniJe (silra U) — 6 mandatov. --• Vin. RepubMSca volilna komisija je ngqtov3a, da so vse organizadje, razen 7^^ — Stamke demokratic- Be prenove, predlozile SepubliSki volilni koimsiii spl • sek njfhoviii- kandidatov z njQiovih Hat v posameznih voEimh eaotah z vr%LMfYTi redom,- ki se tiptasteva pci' ' ogDtovitvi, katesi kandidati so biii izvolJenL ~ Izvoljeni so bHi: • ^ ¦ a) Sccialistiioa zvesa Slovenije — SZDL; ¦ Joze &noI^ "Viktor Zatelj, Dulan^Sectolii, Bonrt S3kIje,.Darja Lavtiiar-Bebler . b) ZSKS: Bffetica Meodn, Gregor Golobiff, Mojmir Ocvirk. Janez Kopad, Juri rVanco, Vldovic, Mlrko Tav potid . c) Slovenska demokratidna zveza: . Albert Pozamik, Rajko Pima^ Anton Pc TTienka Hribar, Rodl Seli^,AntonTomaSc d) Slovenska obrtnislm stanka: Franc Gblija," IvsnKrefl,^bneZagar d) Zeleni Slovenije: Leo Seserko, Vane GoSnflc, BoSdar Volj Sandra Pretnar, Boris G«^l, Ivan Tomse, Stanko Zare Ptegdj e) Slovenski krscanski demckrati: Alojz iPeterle, Janez Ga^ek, Izidor Rejc, Nada Bol^ car, Ciril Kolesnik, Aadrej Captider., Peter Rebecc, Ja nez Lampret, Stefan Sodper, Ignac palajnar f) Slovenska fcmeSca zveza: Marjac Podobnfk, 2£arija MarkeS, Franc- Zagozen, Mfbaela Logar, Lodvik Toplak, Janko Halh, JuHjNemanid, Joze^bid,Alojz Grabner g) SociaJderookratska zveza Slovenije: Andrej ilagajna, Matjaz Sinkove^ Kafcja Bob, France TcmSd, Vitodrag PukI, Slavko Kmetid i) atandati ZSS — Stranke deanokraticne preimve pripadajo naslednjlsa ksndidatom, ki so Imeli najvedje itevilo glascT v tistih volilmh enotah. kjer je imela lists ZKS — Slrarjka demckratidrte prenove naJviSji ostanek glasov, potreben za izvciitcv: 2S3dS 12508.8214 demokratifina zveza 12428.5550 toiedka zveza 12050.6467 Slovenije — 11955.Q613 zveza Slovenije SZDL "HSiaJlfiOO Straa 1002 UaAI3>«I LIST SSPUBLISE SLOVSNTJS St. 17 — 30. r7. 15s L VS 51 12—91 «/• -¦ Stefan Korosec 2. V5 10—79«;»-> Bcio Suharii -pot:^ . . VS St. II—Ta"./# 4. VS 5t 4—TTVft — Sonja T'.rtlfar 3. V3 St. I—72»02V» — Lev Kreft . . VS 4t 6—36«/o — Sonit Pahor 7. VS it. 8—64V» — Dra^o- PleSivCnik IX. Sepubliila volilna komisi^'a je na seji 16. 4. 1990 Q^otovHa, da ia za ^sToIitav delesatov carodcosti V DnsibeaosoHtifial zbor SfaijjSano Reptibli&e Slorenije potrebso ^ 4. 1990 izvesti' drugi krog volite? zned . iBsdfdatt, ki so pn prvem. glasovanjd prejeli najvisje Stsvilo glasov, in sleer t; 15. VoliZni onotl (Zoper) . ^Dragi la:og glasovanja med kandldatoma Sandro Kravan ja —Boberto Bettalli 16. VolHz^ eaoti (Leadava) Drugi irog glasovatiia mad kandidetoiaa • • • Maria. Pozsonec —St^an Serfce ' Na podlagt zapisaikov- yolilnih komisi j Volilnih eoot za volitr® delegatov narodaostl v abore Skupsiine Republlks Slcvenije. je RepobHslsi volilsa Iroisisija dee 24. 4.19S0 Qgotovlla, da sta bDa na ponovnem. glasoTanjn 22.4.1S90 Isvo ljeaa: • • , . r _ li Vrtflna eaota -_ Roberto Battein, roj. 1954>.UUca ob spomenikH 6, Sc^er.. ¦ ¦ it"VoI2aa-enota ' . • Maria Pozeosec, rOj; 1940, u£it^ madzarskega TeziSa, 'Doliia vas ' ¦ St Bvs 1-1/90 ' • ' DiubQana, dna 24. aprila 1990: Ta j n i k Mada> Golobi^ L z. ' • ' ¦ Clani ~ . dr. Ftaoe Gtad L N»ee PavUn Ijl^ mag. Slobodan BakoT' dr. Lotto Sfarm Mazko gerraan S94. Republxsks volilna komisija na podlagi 27. Qena zakona o yolitrah v sknpsSzi^ '• obiavljanaslednje rezultala voHiev delegatov v Ztor zdru5enega dela SkupSdiae Hepublike Slovenijo na spIoSnih volitvah aprila IS90: • I Na podlagi prejetfh zaplsnikav o dela obcinske Tolilne konusije prl ugotovltyi isda glasoTanja za TOlltre dele^tOT v -Zbor zdrnzanega dela Sknpsccce Republlke Siovenlle, ja EepiibliSka vriilna komisija na seji dne 24.4.1990 Ugotcrvila: 1- Volrtre delagator v Zbor zdnizenega dela SJrcpidine Republlke Slorsmje so bile oprsvljene 12. 4. IfiBO reacn. Toliiev T poeameralti vvlHuIu enoLah, v l^tarih ^ voUjo (5e!es3ti s podroCja samostcjaegaosebnega dela na podroCja krcetijst^'a la gozdarstva. 590 V katerih so bi-Ie TcUtve opravljane S. 4. 1990 oziroraa 22. 4. 1990 (obcial Skofja tcki in Jesenjce). 2. Od skupaega Stevila 993.922 ToLileev se Je to- liter" udelezilo 737.7(M volilcer oziroiaa 74,30'/«. Oddaaih je bilo 737,026 ^asovaic, cd casar jih je bilb 4&J2d nereljaTnih. 3. ObCinske voKlce komlsije na' sedeSb Tolilnlh eoot za Tolitve de legatov "V Zbor dela Skupsdine RepubUke SIoTenije ter TXiliini kcrnisiji 72. TOlltre d^egatov nzirodaosti -v Zbore RepubBkc Slorenije se ugot^rCe Md gZasovanja vpn!wmjc.-j;tib volilnib esotah, pri 5emer so ngotcr/ilei da pri gl^vanju nl bDo takih a^rarilcostl. Id bl bistreno rplrvule na laid glasovanja. DBLEGATI, IZVOLJENl V ZBOR ZQEU2ENEGA dela. seopscine repobleke slovenije na SRLOSNIH -VOLITVAH APRELA I9S0 Volilnfl eno^: 1 — inductrija in rudarstro Obmodje: Ljubljana B^grsd, 'Ljatdjaaa in Ljiailjaiia Moste-Polje Irvoljena; Afidrej Maren, roj. 8. 7. J953, d^L zaposlen 'IsSra'Tela, Ljubljana,-Sa"rek3 cest^ 3 .glasLgT»n hi S.mgdjska. aolzu^sa. leuei L ' . / ilMon IIW 30,20 •/• ; VbUlzia. eaota StevfLka:*^ K-mRtijstv^ . ObBAijfi* iDoanmlco MSiia -IzvcIieQ: ' ATvtnn H 0 r V a t, dfleo, lnT>et, 67, jficmja Rs47,20®/# VolUna enota Stevilka; 59 —• Madiarska narodnost Obroocje: Narodnoatno mesano obmogje v obcasah Lendava in Murska Sobota Isvoljen: VnitPTTi Sftk/res. 1939. 0£0*«9r t^l^e vzgoje, 0$ Drago Lugari^ Lendava, Toin5i5eva 13 Predl^gst^,SInip?i*iTiaKS Tpnd?7a glacov; 29.8 "/# Sl nyfe 1-1/M Ljubfjann, dne 24. aprjla.1930 Tajnik "' " Predsedaik Go lobK L. ¦ EnxH . ¦ . Ctenj dn. Froao Gsad Lc. Naee Parlin Lr. rrtng ^0OO vHe, da. glasovaniu oi bilo taldh aepraviloos^ ki bl biotuono nplItTDlo na ioUL glmumoaja. ... . : n . : • IZVOUENI DELEGATI ZA 2SOE OBCm SKOPSCUE EHPOBUKE SLOVENUB NA . VQLirpvAH 9. Df ». AfEtlL^ l&M Volflna enota: 1 Obmocie; AjdovscmaBoris Jei., IS59, dipL iaz. afronomije, Lol (DEMOS — zdnkeia. (^zidja) Vslilae MOte! Q... • Obmoijc! EraSjee NIkO B&iuer, ilIpL Ia2. guzdaratvayC^klje ub KrM (Slovenska dsnokraucna zreaa ypcmsfci odfior Brazice) Vblflno. «ao£a: 3 ' Obmpdje: delobcine Erajevp skupnosti Cen ter, Deckoro oaselj^ Doleo polje, KJ D. Kajtib, Savi^ bja, Medlog, La^ Cstrozoo, Gab^je,. AljEtZev brib in Slavko Slander 'Ivan'CerneJ, 1935, dipL vet^fcinar, Celje . (DEMOS — zdrozena opoziclj: •Volilna enota: 4 . ubmmgei.aei pocme ceja^/ki ocsega A:? Tebar^e, Store,~Sv8ba^ gradom, Lmbpina, Skofja vas, Vbj fiik, StriBMi Dnhm?. fVpHfrrflmrn, ftmartnn v Hnrn! dolini, Tmovlie, Nova vas izyHndinja . Anxoi ttoiac, lasi, arpi pravnii^ Ceije (DEMOS ' zilniigia c^M^cIja) YoTHna enota: 5 .ObtQodJe: C^kcJea'Leopold Freiiii,a^onom ^Vitli itTua 2.vts^ 9)1venlje," OK — inJi tent' mca) Volilna enota: 6 ' Obmodje; Zvooko Iva: ; i c, 1S59, dipL .ekoncoiist, Crnomelj N (DEMOS — la oposidlal Volnaa aaa^} ? Obmodje: ^xnfale ^ Etvtn-Antan Schwarzbartl, 1940, magister Eopotzdje, Dpmzalezdruiena opozicija} Volilna/enota: 8 :: Dravograd ramar, 1963, gostinsDravograd) fr . enota: 9 ije: fVnT»}a Sadgona Janes Storiba, 1944, ln±. etofctrotdimki^ Gomj Radgona demfiknilifinp 7:7P7») Volilna enota: 10 Obmofije: Grosoplje.AluJ« J a ui u 1K, egpnomist iwata iJOV|i. gora Px^OS — sdrofeofl' opozieiTar GiPsoplie) Volilna enota: II ¦ r* ¦ Obmoije: Hrastn ik Leopold Gro£olj, 1041, vi2Ji upfa^ delar: Srastnlk (ZSS — Stranka demokratidne pr^ov^i, Obdlnsld komite Hrastnik) Vol ilna enota: 12 Obmodje: IdrijaTomas Pa V § i £, 1931. prufesor, Id^ja(Slovenska kmscka zveza, DEM.US-/-ztiruzeca opo-' ziei]a) Volilna enota: 1S_ Obmocje: Tiir<;ifa Bistrica BEian Vo vk, 1956, dipl, Hiiska Sistiica • (DEMOS — zdruzeaa opozicijj Volilna enota: 14 Obmodje; liola Janez Jug, 1947, mag. ^pL ekonomis^ 'Izola (ZSMS) ¦ VolHsa enota: 15 Dhmorie: Jafiaoico .Mstjaz-Pe s k ar,196^gfmn.maturant,Jeseoice ¦ (Obdinsia konL-ZSaJs/jeseaice) VolTlfta iauia. 10 Obmodje: Samnik Braako Novak, 1938, dipL ini. tekstOne t^uto .logije, Kprnnik • (Slovenska demo tidna zveza, Scicialri^rpolgatska zveza Slovaniie, Slo i±i krfifaneki dcmolspnti, venaitt leneels SeleiLi 3lw culJ«s DEMOS ¦— zdruiena opozicija); Volilna enota/ 17 Obmbcje: Koeevje MiloS Seaj/ur, 1957, viSji upravai delavec, Ko^ devje (OK SZS Kodevje) vouina ^ota: 18 Obmodje: del obdne Koper — KS Kopcr-Centef, Semedela, ^ gradom, Zustersa in Olmo-'Prisoje Aurelip Juri, 1949, novinar, Soper {71^ f- stranka deraokratldne prenore) • W6\jlx\s. enota: 19 Obmodje: del obdine Kop^, KS Ankaran, Bertnfci, ..Sorst, p2mi kal, Dekani, Gradisde, Gradln, ¦ Ervatini, Mareage, Pobegi -Cezarji, Pridvor, Skocjan, Skoflje, Smeigs in Vanganel )anijel B o i i d, 1939, novinar, Koper /(ZSMS) APPENDIX E 1974 Yugoslav Constitution in Slovenian Language and 1945 Yugoslav Constitution in Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic) Language (See Chapter 8 for translations) URADN 1 LIS SOCIALISTICME FEDERATIVNE REPURl.lKE JUCOSL Ceoa e« »teTxUee j« ic diasrjtr. •uCAUNt LIST srnJ* i«aaj» * Cetrcak. 21. febraarJa Z974. • ndttl&a SI teia [>74 mati sa dcar'eT. — tirvatyJcl. oiiranu turacskAsraskl. t{iw> Urcdarlt^: SMcrxd. ui /OTua .esaltl.' otticeooaslet. 4ibAt\s^£i ta mi* beck;R.AD iC L ^eal 9r«is&; arraBcitTo SSt-ass; efis »ra ntaa on StttiOr «f#ttsbcur«a. ra«aiai]u sluiba «si-ns: komeretatoi^ STSVILKA 9. LBTO XXX feaiKovocsm ssc-aa>it:s M4CCO( Eelea it»C 153. Na podlagi 3. tocfcs ustartiega amandmaia XII ia, treEjega ocstavka 31 iccka uscavaega amasidmaja xxxttI je jprejel Zbor carodov Zvezse akupScise a a jaji 3L lebruaria 197% ODLOK O X-VZGLASnrvi TTSTATE 30CIAUSTIC>-E FEDERATIVNE REPtTBUSE JUGOSLAVUE RazglaSa 5« usuva Socalistifce 5ederaciv3e repabLIke JtisgsUviJe. Sa jo je 5?r«;eta Zveraa akupsiinaOS-5ejl Zbora carrsdo? dr.e 22. jaauacja Id7A aa seji Gospocarskega abon due 3l. iaauarja LS74. aa seji ?rodveaio-k=I:iira«ga sbon dae 30. jafltiaria 197^ aa seji Sociaiao-adcsvsiveflega zbora 30. JanuacjaI97-; :n na sejf Dniibano-poitticnega abora dne 3L jaauada 1974. ?a b kateri so dale soglasie skupacine sociaiisticaui rapub^k in socialisndaih aTtpnonnln po krajin. in slcar: Skupsaaa Socfalisdcae r«publike 3o5^ 09 in neccegovine nn seji dae 15. lebriarja 1974. Skupsdiaa SociaiistiCna repubiike Cme jors aa sej; dat 5iebcuarja 19TA 'Saber Socaiisn^ne rapublike Sri'aBics aa se.'i one 3. ieoKiaria 197A Sobranje Socialiswcne reaublike .vfakedoalje aa sejL dne 7. lebrjarja 1374. Skupscina Sodaiisdcne republika Sloveaije seii dne 7. Jebc^rja 1574. Skupicina Soealisticae rapublike Srbtje aa saji dne IS. febmarja 1974. Skupsc'.ta Sogialistiirse aTtonotnae polcnitae Kosovo aa seiL dne 13. februarja 1974 in Skucsscina. Socaiisddae avjoaocuie 00krajine Vojroctce na seji dae 3. lebcuacja 1974. Zbor narodor AS St SS3. predsednikBeograd, 21. iebruarja 1974 2bow aarodov: MBcx Sptlnk s. r. ^hajajod is tgodovioskega dejstva. da so delsvci in, tcnetje ter aapredoi ijudje vsan aarodov in narodnosii Tugoalavife, zdndani y Natodnoosrobodilno icoabo s Kocnnnisticao parrijo ca ceiu. s svojiai bojem. V narodnoosvobodflni vojni in sociaiisdcai revbinciji sru5Ei sEarl fazreaai red, ki je temciiil aa izkorisc3n.;u. poltiidncni -.iatfracju'in nacrooalni aeenakopramcsti. In aaceU ustvaciad druzbo. r kacerl bcsta ulovek in .liegovo delo osvooojeaa fekortsfianja in samovolie, vsak aarod in '.-saka .narodaos: pcsebej in svi skupaj pa an^ Riososti za svoboden in vsastraaski, tazvoj; upostavajcC. da so t razvoiera materlaine osaore drnave in sodallsScnih drizbenih odncsov ler z nadaljnjo jradimjo odnosov. temeljedih. oa samoupravljaaju in aaciocalni ena!«pravnosd. aasiale biscvene5pr=nembe r dniibeolh in poLiacmb-odnosCL kl zablsvnjo uBir=4ue nsisTe Sosnliecicne £ede-> raiivne republike Ju^oslavije iz Isza. I9S3, in da so bile dolose ts astave na, posaroemih podrocjili fa spcemeajeae r ustavniani amasdmaji t ledh 1967. 1S68 in 197Ir • " V tefajL da se ucvtsajo in se aaprej rarvijejo dosezene revclucioaarae ocidcbitve. da se nErdita oravica in odgovomosv socaiisrfCniii repcbiOc in sodaiisticnih avtonocmia potaajia za lasten raxvoj. in sa rarvoj jugosiovanske sKaonosd Jcoc ceioce in da se nafoiovi nadaiicji razvoj sociailsticnin samoupravain deaoterai U&iih odcti^v na poti k-osvobodltvT deia in zsmditvi komnntsUcne drnzae; bEbajaJcd todi. Ix potrese. da se n eiovq . nsiavc Socialisdcne ledemtivne repnblika Tugoalavije. ki poieg novOi spreni^nb obsega tadi z ajimi osfciaicne.dolottbe usLave Socialisticaa federaeivne rapufaUSce Jugoslavije £z ieja 1963 in ustavrJir aaandmsjev I do XUX tiEdi as»vni sstam na anoiain socialisri&iiii. same-¦ upravnih teaieijlh— • -. -• . Zvezna skapscina, v 5oglasjn.-s.skupscinamt repubiik In stcipsciearna avroaooinih potcajin A'O r a j e m 3 ¦ • LSTAVO SOCIALISTieNE FEBERATIViNE REPUBLIKE JUGOSLAVIJE TTTOOJ^r DEL I, JuSosiavije na pccQagi svgbodnoTrr^zfiaa volie v skup^ J nem bojTs vseh onrodov in aarodnosn t narodnoosvo* TEMRUNA sacsla .j;faodLln i vo jni in v skladn s sv<^ ¦ <.'jTrpt y^ra^rtcrf'T.^CcTmf ^catari t fnt«r«su vsakega caroda in vsakc narOdnosti- pos^ei in vseh skupaj uresrocuicjo ia za gotavljajo: sodiilMicne druzbene-odnose, ki temeljllo na »t moupravijanja delovnth Ijudi, in varstvo soeiaiistic aega samoupravaega irfstestia; naciooalno svobodo ia aeodvlsanst; bratstvo in aaotnost narodov in narodaosti; ftttoiae iatarsse delavskesa razreda in soUdamost delavc«v in vsea deiovaHi iJudi; svobosiine in moinosti za vsestranski rsnvoj tic vftkove osebncsti ia za zblizevanje ljudi rcr r.air^ov in lumdnosn. v jkladu z cjOiovipi mteren la prl cedilie boscrcjse-kuituw m divil sodalisticae druib«; ¦»dro26vaaje in usklajevanle prizadevTsai » ra^o]nmcerinlne osaove scciallstlcne druzbs m blagmjc I'ndi; ;.".^Tavn druib«noekonotaskin odaosov ia melje politscaeea sisieaa. s katcrimi se zagoavliajo skaptii iaterwi ddavsfeegaj^zreda in dsiovnm ljudi ter eaakopravnost carodov In narodaostl, zdfuzevanje lastnih hoteni z aaptecni=ii teznjami filovoSwa. • IMovni IiudJ« ter aarcdi la aarodnosU uresnicujejo svoje suvereae praviee v scciaiisttta^ repuobkah iA V sodaiisticaih. aTtoaomnih pokrajinah 7 skladii z nj. novirni usfavnimtprav.caiiit lu —!«Jai-_iu y interesu doloda ta usUv-a - v SocialujUou iederauvn: republiki JugoslaviJu Delovni Ijudje.narodi ia narodnostt odlocaio v federadil po nacciiii spocazupsevanja cepublHc m avtonomnia potcrajm, solkiaraosU tn v3aja^w=»U^^ pravnG ndeieZbe repabUk in avtonommh pokrajia v organib. federadje ^adno $ to u^tavo ter _po asw.a odgovomosti republik in avtoaomnfh potsajin i^" tea razvoj in za razvoj sodaUsEiCne skupnosti kot ce iote. SocsaMstidaa dndbena oreditev Sodalistlcae fcderativae republike Jugoelavile temdji na oblasti delayskega rair^a in vseh delovi^ Ijudi in na. odnosih. med liudmi kot svobodaimi in eaakopiavniad proizva jeld la wtvarialffit Is jim deJo aiusi a^ucno za ^ davaljevefijo njikonik ocoboUrin cicupnin potreb. Temelj teh odnosov Je druzbenoekoapmski polodajdelovnega cloveka^ ki tau zagocavlia, da 5 tem, 5co dc« la s sredstvL v dmib«iai lastaini ter aeposredno in ena- IcQpnvno £ drugimt delovnim IjudniL v zdruieaern delu odioca o 'seh zaderah druzbene v pofin ' jib in odnosih medsebojne odvisnosti, odgo^omosti In soUdamostL- uresnlcuje svnj oseboi in aw-* raini iqteres in pra^dco. da uiiva reznltale svojega zi^ ega in cniniilGga dela ia pridobitve splo^ega materialaega in druzbeaega napredka, da na tej podlagi kar caipopolneje rado^oljuje svoje . osebne in druzbene pocece xn aa razvxja svoje aeiovne in oruge uscvarjaine sposobncs-tL . . Skladno s tem so-nedotaldiiva podlaga Sovekovega polozaja in njegore vioge: dm^beaa lastnina produkciiskih sredstev,' W izkljuduje vmitev kaJorroegakoli si sterna Izkorisianja ilovela is Id z odpravljsBjein odTujenosS delavskega pazreda in delovnih Ijudi cd produkcijskih, sredstev in drugib. DOgdjev za delo sngotavlja sainOupTavljanje delovnib Ijudi v proizvodnn in. v delltvi proizvoda dela ter usmerjasje cszvoja dru2be na-aamounravnih tesaeljmi eavabndltev dela kot prernifiaaje zgodovinako pogo/ enib • druSbenoekoaomsIdh neenakosti ia odvisncsti . liucE ori deiu, ki se zagotavlja z odpravljanjem nas protja" med delam ia fcapitaldm in kakrSnihkoli oblik odnosQV, z vsesiraaskim. tazvoieen-proizvaial nih sii, -vecaajen produktivr.osti dels, s skrajseva njem delovnega z razvyanjera in uporabo znar.o rti in tabnike. z zagotavljanieai cedalje vuia dobraabo za vse in z dsiganjem kuftare delovaib Ijudi; pravica do samcupravljanja, na podlagi katere^ vs^ ceiovnT ciavek enakopravno z dr-girni delovnihu Ijudmi odlcca.o svojem delu. pogojib za deio in o re zultatifc dela, o ia skupnih intererfh ia^o us merjanju druzbenega razvoja. uresmcuje oblast Ui up ravlja druge dntzbahe zadeve; •. pravioa delovnega filoveka. da uz'ra sadoye s*/oje ga dela in maierlalnega napredka druibece-skupnosti po nafelut sVsaic po svojib scosobnostQi — vsakemu po njegovem delu«. in njeuova dolznost. da zagotavlja rarvoj materidlne osnove za svoje in druzbeno^ deio in da prispeva k zadovoljevanju drugih drczoenib potreb; ekonomska, sociair.B ia osebna varaost cloVeka; solidarnost in vzajcmoost vsakogar do vseh ^ invseb do vsakogar. ki lenaeijlta oa zavesti delovaih Ijud'.. da lahko svoje troiae interese uresm&ujelo samopo tah nauelih; svobcdna pcbuda pri mzx^ianju ^ proirvodhje lbdrugib druzbenih in osebnib dejavnosCi v korist clovefcu in Gfuibeni skupncsti; rfemnirnfifrti onlitii^ni fwipnsi. ki nmognrnin cTovst ku. da uresmCuje svoje interese. prnvfco do samoup rovljanja ter druge pravice. da razvija svojo osebnost 2 ncposredno dejavnostjo v druzbenem zlvljenju. zlasti V orgtmih samoupravljanja. v drazfaenOpoIikiCnih onta •Qizaeijab in drugib druzbenih organizaeijah is drust- v'X ki jih sam ustanavlja in po ajm vpliva na razvijanje druzbene ^vesti in ca sirjeuje zaoznosU. za svcjo dejavnost in. za Uresnicevanie SVOjib inCcresov xn pravic; cnakost pra^c. dolznosti in odgovoniosti Ijudi v skladu z ustavnosfcjo in zakorutnstjo. Druzbenoekononisto in politfuni sistem izhaja iz takega poIoSaja flovdca in je namenjen Soveku in njegori vlogi v ^uibL Ttfaipm^nn HnifVnivVnnnmskmur In pnHH/Hp»nnsLfitemu, fci ga doloca ta usava, je vsaka oblika uprav- Ijanja proizvadnjc in drJgih druzberiib dejavnosti ter vgair» Oblika deiitve. Id fai — kot birokratska samovo- Ija, tebaokratska uzurpadja in privQegiji, temeljeii na monopolnynn& n yaitiJU. iiouo i' irnjrrpaint: j noKpcty oko BpxoMor amOa h apo« ciaajjdHor Kapo.lkoj' aoha' p^jyra TKta. oko -^xrwciJaaini. k'aNcwPi^ Sdhu KapoxKor ocaooohc^ba iyracLTaoHje n OKO yautcottaaaji.x frQ.tHTH*oGix [Tp«.Tcr3W«tKa aojeaHHHX !<&puaa J>Toc.'33Kid. Crajiso ae .7oaehada.»a Kama oc70« iiutfdHa TspOTopKja, pacTS cy Kaou xarepHiaJHa peacpsc:( r:oBehaBa.T:{ KOBopK sa ihiao^esaKie aa nauiy Kapoaft-a' ocaa5aaii.:c-ii:y aajciTy :c cra:i03u:uzi7B0. ynopcao aa rnic" paaBujaas cy is opraKTT rtaooiifs a.i2c?a ;i poBKa cipKBpi^H H yrtpaBiiW opraHii y csy-AiCn re KicTii. rtpjiSKafW xpyftKKX ycnexa.aaiiii sapoAxo»oc.7o6o. uLiaase i5opi« y jciocrpaKcray c icaaa crpast. a c ;yyy' '* crpoHe nernyMS pa3erKpUB«i»« Ha.saJai(MK4 yooru Ka* oef.TOTKi jyrocsoBescxi .^aaie" cocraBjUK cy r»pcj ?>'K08Q:?d]ie ppraj^^ naoier S3poA=o«o&;ooo:iH:Ta*ijcor no- is W73 no-HTyrn ,wt,rrKP Kacrai^ ie aOivWa can pa ycneci cHCTfiyarcKK yaapcra a a^scpKcrc ia vcnensKO 30heit>e aanie aapoJH0'0cao6o;Ut-> •cavKc oopoe y 3a3« 0 Titij '^Hi&eajiyaiia AK-nttbacaxcTHxKo seac :tdpe;:sor acTooohefta Jyro.caaatrie. aa C30« opyroi ' .Jacd2at6y oapmOHOJc 29 309e>.o^i 1943 ro;r«tKs K'OKCT^ryjE: i. JIm s no ro;a£He -iinie sapoitttO-ocao6oiit.7a«?Ke ¦^opoti ^oxaaa.ie cy ^thtssom csery cy Kapojae scace.lyrcciaBKjft oiiy^o a ^cro a^esyne nsTcst opyTsa:^ or ontopa upothb oKyniaTopa, fiyteii fcoju ie muiHU iJupoiRiU noK4M;u KpMyHKCTHm napTUja iyrotuiKje •« soiKjt cy aaiejtwo ca hmjm uuj-te cae BC7HHCya.iK itpiLoo nu caitooapoh«W^'J« yK.-byreyiyfvK* npaBO aa oTreennteJM k-t« yjeafRvej&e c apyrreM aapoaiiMa. Cse cre-are Koje yre«c73yiy y aapoisoociOdontttareKQu noKpery oa npsor aarea cipHsaajy saaire « aapoa««a cao.ra npaaa, H dtuii booi' rora. reafpoiitJyroc.7i8Hie iooj cy c« riuitt-e noBeaaare y BajeaarerexejucpdK, KpoB ape re no roa-rese xepojcce dopde ciporreBuK/naTopa u aerosKX JioiardHa y ai*po>trfKy- redCiMi JyrowaaHje cxpmetire cy ocrraitH 3da{«>c?fioxe .tcrcycfire* crre*aor ceaapsrifSAia. TfOtc ¦¦r/ ¦rraopeaH sedMO ua~ep!fja,tsK reoaisTenoJirrre^ Ottc hcto h iSk Mopaaau yccoare 3a-C7sreo3H»e oyayhe dparoce. aeitoKparcss, aeaepar-SEe sajeaaHne Moi'MPf uGpoio, nooe JyrocaaDitfe, rearpafttRe rea paareo* npasaocrre J^Hrex reapoafc VI aoor tocx ynpaao aaaac. "xiaa CTOji ccea .xosaresEit acrepwsai&eii oreyiMTOpa ^ csojd jev.'bc, reapoax jyrocreasHie onpaaaaso jaxresajy 13. C4 ycaocTCBK raxao aprecaaso sohcrB-a, scoje Sie re no C30X cacraay re no tsoic aporpaMV aara iencrBO aa -Jiccs«« aapoiKMa JyrocaaaKje y ii)eaepaT5iB3oj Jyrocaa- SHJr OttTH if CfSlipHO OdirvpStiJ RCTttBCKa 008110' KpafiHOCT ycnecu ifacne HapoiHo-oc.iodoaKrea«tKe oopoe npowe- iK cy cnaay k2ujihx aapojia no ^reraaoM caery. paiGH. Tre cy raret-fe apercrase Koje cy nocsja.7Tt Keayreja* Te.'tK reaiiHOC Kapoaa « Ciarecxo yqBpCTMJiM jte.'sy-dapoa^e tto-TMT3^o. HapoiK jycoc-xaareie c apaao« Tparece oa CasesaKKa :5 C3HX caojRX upRjaTe.^5 aa dyae arpreaaara se "cajto «»« X08d oopda opoTRB ofcynreropa, aero h asmcoM ciodoaaaasi-OKparaca ao-ta. Hapoai? JytocnaBRje c nocBosi CjTSOKBEHH .THCT weraprasc, t 4»e5fry^ 1S4S CrpaHs ¦! — Bpoj 1 3 Hisase ce aperrrrfflgiTsy Aara^anzacnrtKor sdha "aaposRor ocro6obea4 jyrociassie ia. y csoxy noExnrre&a h nososHor rwimafM, o;bo«q oioop^a. apifjua iKhy«WOjCBe yrosope a otfaseae soje je y BHatrrpaHcray y axe Jyrocaasitje cxaccma aaoerjii^rxa ..iyrac^aeaicKa SASia". +. MeljyaapoiKJf yrowpa a ofiasesa. ko:« oa y oy avac 7 iBocsoaffCTsy ccsortKirn-y JTMR JyrnrjaRKiR HJH ife-ssx sapoja H36^.TENxa TSKoaaaHa JyroCTOSfXCxa s-Tiia, eefetf ce upHMiTti. 5. Osa ojwy*a ctyna oAicas sa c^ary. Bp. -2. iXne 29 BoseM^ps 1943 y Jajny ' " . AifTH^aniHCTtPKO aa&e napOJlKor oc-ooofta&a JyrocraB^'iC4:e a.':a Ka yjei*cbe» e ca jrpyraM KapoiaMa, k y ociajy ca acraEccoM 30Ao- K caax Kaooaa JyrocaaBHie, ocse^o'^^PM y ro^yTpofOAKnnfcd pajeasJTOce Hapc3SD-KJc::oaoaH.-.a«K£ 6op6cxoja Je CKOsaia ttepaajpyaaao 6p4fcT3o sapoaa Jyrocjasaje. AzTmti6$czcTH^o' atiie sapoj^or oczooocjeaa iyrocrsBKie ;:OBocr cswehy OilJiyKy: 1. HapoAK Jyroc;r»ifie iszxaza. racy apaaraax h ae cpasESiy pa«p>«4afi»e JyrocTasiie ca ctpafle a23 kcthkcay jLOwaBH^ cshx cmJicc sapoza a JS saraia same se fiK aocTiSa jasfesoit 3tuo Jcoje xereMOHTccrime s.'k* Kft. iyroc-tamja ce aarpahyje 2 sscvajsaae ce aa ^)e2epa- noKOK rrPKHTiKTr.'. koJh he pfieaoej^Ts rtyay paaaefwaBEoc? Cpoa. Xoeara. CioseHaa^ MaaeaoEaiia • zUptfopo^ada. •o-aHocso ncpoia Cpfiaje, XpaarcKt CsoseKKje. iVXaaeiosKje. upec l ope, fr socse a W.p:s> rosrae. 3. y c«a3y ca raiacM c&eaepewsaoJi wrpauwMJyroisiasTiie. soia ca tesse-tz na aaJnTzzjaac ^eatcarparaont opasiota. Jecre rasieaKBa Aa seh. csza 7 apenesapoAso-ocaofiosrawxcr para. ocsoaEe oprzse s^kjaae saacrz soa oojesnncc aapoiA Jyroczsa^'e, a^erCTaaa »ajy .TapOiiiw-ccaoooAraaQKa OA5OPK Z seKa&c-caaamnpaBfacnrtKa se&a sapotfHap ocTO^aea^ (TJSWHT53poj!iEo-oc.To6oAHnawT-ca: oii6ep Qiowe. 3eifa;bcco ss-TEtt>sdszcTTTCCP peSe sspoahop ocjooofeesa Xp3aTea ^yxocizszie aapaaisa ooje t^3tiass^ 2 sepoAsy aaxsajisocr BpxosEOst nrraoy ne pcASO'CCSOiSOAa'ls'iKs aojcce 2 caprxaaEcscfO: ozpcAa 34 HSrPAiltby H OPfAHI'BAlXHJy iiaiCe aapozEe • 30Jcsce iz 3a yCnEIUKO pyKOBOoEKiE onEPAUEUAMA y 6op6rt cpoTKB senpzjarreia samef sepoA^ SapozsoocaoociKJissra aojoca je 'eaiae-Tirj^cTeenria texosKHaaaise a£pCA3o-^cao6oiK43«rt0Kpa» cxe aapoiKft ?i.T?crK. 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QiXJ iy KA 0 ySO 'BcJfey HA3HBA MAPULUU jyTOCilABaiE y HApo iiHo-ocaosoiraiU 'TCOj BOJarH jyroctABHjE ila OB ce Rcrsicze ocooHre ccocadaDcca y 30jso*f pyaoaobeay 2 za 6n ce ssrpazaae sapoEfflze aaciyra ypyzoBobesy Hapozso-ocaoCczBzaKxoii 3o»c£0K jyroC,tCJnjC 'H iLAme 'aRtpAliH-iAW-S. acka JyTOCzaraje Ha caoa i^yroic 32C2Za$^v oz 29" i^oaewdc^. 3 -iioezaor cjos^srae zezerais^'e ..-Oitjiy^y JE: I y Haaoiisa-oaooogzatGcoj aojciii JyroCaasHie ' yan TTT cs jyT 'OCJlABiyE^. 2. Tai zoza.'b'yje EtoeTcezEHmrao AsTs^asiacraraor seiia aapozaof .aciotfobesaa JyroczaaEie. 3. Oea ozwca" cryna ozJtfax ea caary. 8c. 3. 29 •aoeeisdpa 1943 y Jaicy . Airnii^jamHcrHRKo sehe aapozHor ociodohsfij® jyrocaasHieCexperapv npercezHSX, Poze Sknpaedeklaraa> sprejema Sknpsana RepcbEke Slovemje naslednjo IZJAVO . do samoodlocbe Republike Slov^mje ni za oobcoo jugoslovansko rcpubUko aHSFRJ in je izrecno poudaijena tudi v Ustavi SFRJ. ^d^et spora je same nacm irveljavitve le pravice. Potxditev tegasuliscavidiSkupS^aRepubtDceSlovenijetudi_ V ugorovicvi SIrupac deJdaracije, da »Ie narodi Juc^ Slavije in zgolj oni sanu lahko odiocajo o svoji prihodno _ -Odloeitcv prebivalcev Republike SloveaHc. spre jeta na plebi^ dne 23. decembra 1990, Je z vclikansko vcano SS,5 /a vseh preblvalgtv nesporao pokazala, da dSa^ ^ samostojni in neodvisni -SkuppinaRepublikeSlovenijejes posebnoresolucijo ponudila vsem republikajn v Jugoslavfji zacctek pogajanj 0 sporazumm razdruiicvi in o naiinu urejanja prihod- S ' odnosov v kakrJoikoli insdrucionalizi. oblikiodmoioekonfederadjc dogospodarskc skup nosu Ker oa to svojo ponudbo oi dobDa odgovot:; je moi^aV sWaduz dolodilZakonaoplebi^dtuSiz izidom ni2gte.-id svojo neod^/i^aost cr sprejeu ukicpe za uvcljavitev neodvisnosp. -Zveanc oblasd se cudi po rem dcjanm niso bile° ^^osvojiivi Slovenije. ieprav je pIlkaSlovenija2b.jumjapoaovQasvojcredlo" za n JLA SO bOi: spremeam obitojea Sna ^ J'-^ ba stJaden tako z z.-ikoni ma'a «i _^OQi Republike Slovenije; uvesti znporo Td torn ^ driavoftii ter odfe.zati Slov^Sjo ^komuni^Qjs svetom.dabijipotcm JLAlahW.vsSa Sri s povsem jasuim polticnim namenom prepn- aaosamosvcj.rev R^pabli iikeSlovenije..ILATdSve^a f..- Cena 30 dinarjev neuspeh m pristala na prekimtev ogQja» nl pavednoju pnpravljena iraenovati svojih predstavnlkov v"'^' komiajozanadror nadspoStovanJcm prekimtveognja/'i^; p c pa 5e gitia z novim nmoHftuni napadom z uporabo^^aredstev, la jih ima na razpolago In na vsa cHje; tudl-'f• -Kcr all preprcati nadaljnje prelivanje kni in 2e V; vedno vzcnija pri ponujenem staliScu, naj se wra&mJaS^ osamosvojirve Slovcmje uredljo s pogajanJJ b na dcin6® kraticcn naCia, Je Republika Slovenija sprejeli'iiibluge^ nunis^ke troj^ Evropske skupnosti in za dcvetd^t dai®-' ustaWIa nadaljnjo Implemcntacijo svojTh ustavnih aktov o < osarnosvojitvi. -jrii.Vv. ( -Skupsana Republike Slovenije izra2a vsc doisnb pnznanjc Evropski skupnosti za vloiene napore za miro^ ubno^eSitev Jugoslovanskc krizeinposebejpri iiakuje, oa bo Evropska skupoost s svoje stroni storila vse kar • jeV njcnimoS,daseprepre«nasiljeJLAnadSlovenijo. -Rrekinitev ogDjainustavitev vsehsovraZnihdeiav-"^'<> nosn obo^emJi sil proti RepubUfci Srovcnijl razumbSkupgSna Republike Slovenije kot obvezaost za vse straai '•-7? m bo ato sleherno dopolnjevanje vojaSkih gamizij 2 dovaj^jem oovih enoc iz drugih delov Jugoslavije na " ozemlju Slovenije smatrala za flagrantao kr^itev prcHnl-' ' fvc ognja in obvezaosta, Id izhajajo iz brionske Skunne -' dekJaracge. '" -SkupScina Republike Slovenije priiakuje, da botyro^ka sfcupnost poseb^' pozoma zlasti do naslcdniih odprtih vprasanj; : ««rvnega TT A , • '•^owvljanje vamosti stareSnam In vojaiconi' ' JtA, ta so V cssu vojne zapustill enote JLA; ufi vojakov JLA, ki so dizavlj n Repu blikeSlovenije,brez kakismhkoHsanfccijna aanj jjihovedo move m ~ ^ J= bila Republiki Slovenlil ^jcmmdnavijanompovzroCenavcasuinletvenci/e Slovenije sprejema brionsko Sk^uodeklaracqobrezrezervinpogojevterstemizra^a V dobronamemost Evropske skup. St. 0OO-OL/9O-5M3 Ljubljana, dnc 10. julija 1991. SknpsSnaRepublike Sloven^e Predsednik dr. France Bncar 1. r. r APPENDIX H Official Report Concerning the Control of the Slovenian Border Posts in Slovenian Language N (See Chapter 10 for translation) « 17 '91 07:08 FAX 38 61 224328 IS R SLOV LJB \T 0014 Rspubliica Slovanij£ MtMISTRST^Q Zft l^iOTRANJE ZADSVE -drieeva £. Ljubij Ana.* ^-^viikas 021C '— Ddtum? OS-OE.1991 Sospaddr. DUi-AR cisn l£vrSnas -s svata Skus^ina Kepabllke Sld-venije ^RlAVNs MEJ£ V RErU3LI.<2 OSNGVMI POIiATKl ZNAcILNwSii SLCVEhilJI fcestn i-pcffior-Skls is j-s iii = , -- - >- ^ nrshcdov 25 Sbmei.-.i 5r=,T,3t ,^7 r.ffiatiis-tlh prehodov in p ^ cii finski x-5 posebnam sparasurfiU. ia =;even; meii Rspualifc^ Slovenijs - _Rsi3«blikc Avstrijc- Na d iclzini SIS kni. Ka tei msji imanic 1- s:=jnih prehOGOv ^5 msdrraradni procnat? zO' tne'r^i-b prerliLjU'-'v _ si cbacjni proftict in 11 planinskih prshoenlh /nest pa poseanin spcraiLi/ni'n.. Na ^averovshodii patska v dcliini i02 k^-n cr2a>mameja Repuhlikc Midzsrska. N.a tsj na;i itnaao 2 med,[2Z LJB YV 1^0; GOSPODARSKA ZBORNICA SLOVOMIJE SluiSba 2a ekonomske odnose s tujino LJUBLJANA V 00fe> 5 PcdaiHci—Zvernega ravoda. za. statistiko BLAGOVNA tIENJAVft I AVSTRnLUO LETO SFRJ RS DELE^ RS/SFRJ I2V0Z 1975 5.316 3.320 62,5 ivV a 6. 467 3.501 54,1 1977 6.695 5, 177 47,5 1978 fcj, V91 O. .:14-4 1979 11.309 7.242 64,0 1980 11.393 6.305 55,3 1981 19.1^1 ?. ^66 5£2f,5 1982 19.492 13.414 68,6 1983 1984 14.97S 20.280. 9.357 13.095 62,5 64,6 1985 19S6 24.794 23.220 14.878 6.9sa . 60,0 30,1 1987 34.696 9.123 26,3 1980 39.836 13.311 33,4 1989 • 40.900 15.02? 36,7 1990 64,7*^0 18.439 29,5 I-III 91 8.589 4. 986 58,1 I-V 91 8.079 * uvni 1975 52.681 15.4 8.110 1976 42.59L 7. 325 17.2 103,659 12,735 12.5 ivrr 1978 95.362 S-015 S,4 1979 91.636 V, 110 Y, v 1980 83.249 9, 551 10.6 89.3S6 10.453 11»7 1981 1982 86.765 11.653 13,4 9.5f?7 1933 48.013 19.8 89.B99 IL'.UVl 14.3 1984 95.639 12-301 12.9 19SS 14.3 94.534 1987 8S.573 17.354 19,6 1988 99.256 19.239 19.4 1986 50.168 136.912 1909 24.64S 25,21990 9. 418 3. 186 33,8 97.700 l-III 91 1. 03S I-V 91 » podatki NB8 Ljubljana, julij 1991 1 Atomic Spas in Podcetrtek Have Miraculous Power -RODNA GRUDA - Magazine for Slovenes Abroad -English Section -No.3/91 In order therefore to rationalize their business abroad, compa nies very often set up joint representative offices. This has proven to be a good idea. These joint representative offices or companies were successful if each represented company had its own personnel in the office. Speaking of the foreign trade network, of representation onthe foreign market. Skoberne warns that we cannot overlookthe issue of "disloyal" competition. It does occur that our companies abroad compete with each other by lowering prices. In economic circles when this issue is discussed, the Japa nese are often cited as an examples: they are well aware thatyou can bring the prices of your neighbour down in the short run. but in the long run it means bringing down all the prices of "our" products in foreign markets. Marjan Lekse SECOND BIRTH FOR A SWEDE AT ATOMSKE TOPLICE A MIRACLE THAT IS NO MIRACLE For over 20 years, wonderful news of its curative powers hasbeen coming from the Atomske Toplice spa in Podcetrtek. Podcetrtek residents have even published a booklet describing dozens of patients who had almost been written off, so to speak, but regained their health at Atomske Toplice. Not long ago, the news come from Podcetrtek that Ove Tonqvist, a Swede who could not find help at home, recovered at the spawith the help of its healing water and the alternative medicine practiced by Dr. Lojze iVIedved. With the opening of a large bathing complex, the Podcetrtek spa has become one of the most modem in Slovenia. I have been following the development of Atomske Toplice for over 20 years. I can still remember how people in want of health used to crowd into the turbid pool under the cliffs at Harine Zlake on the other side of the Sotia River. There were quite a few seriously sick among them - some even with openwounds. In spile of the fact that for quite a while there was neither appropriate health inspection nor an organized infra structure that would meet at least the most elementary needs, no infections or skin and other diseases spread. The enthusia stic residents of Poddetrtek used to say that their healing water was so powerful that it prevented any infection. It seems they were right. One of those to be "blamed" that Poddetrtek became one of the most besieged places in the country almost overnight wasFriderik Strnud, the vicar of Poddetrtek, who died last spring two months before he would have celebrated his lOOth birth day. With the help of research institutes, he was the first to ascertain that the thermal water indeed had curative effects. In the summer months so many people from far and wide came here in search of health that they could not be accommodated. It was not rare that guests even slept in bams. The Podcetrtek spa surely could not have boasted its almost 10d% occupancy rate all year round had not the patients andother guests been satisfied with the medical care and the effects of treatment. Besides taking advantage of the effects ofthe thermal and healing water, the activities of the spa in recent years have spread to include other forms of alternative medicine. With the introduction of these alternative modes of treatment, a true "acquisition" for the spa was Dr. Lojze Medved with his 32 years of medical experience; Dr. Medved hasworked as a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation and as a specialist balneologist for 21 years. He is also one of the first in Slovenia to practice acupuncture, a field he studied not only in Western Europe but also in China. Even before his arrival at Podcetrtek. his patients included numerous foreign statesmen and our own politicians (at the thermal baths in Portoroi). mostly in those times when traditi onal medical practice did not recognize alternative modes of treatment and even attacked them. His most renowned initial success from that period was undoubtedly the case of the young Mojca Erjavec from Ljub ljana who. having been condemned to a wheelchair in the opinion of traditional medical practitioners, recovered com pletely after undergoing the alternative treatment. Dr. Medved has achieved many similar results to a lesser or greater extent. One of the most recent is the case of OveTonqvist. a patient from Sweden. A few weeks ago ten patients from Sweden arrived at Atomske Toplice. and Tonqvist's case was one of the most troublesome. Dr. Medved describes what happened: "Here at the spa in Podietrtek, I have been combining all my experience with all possible forms of treat ment. Excellent results have been achieved in the field of medical treatment by the combination of the curative water and alternative medicine. Ove Tonqvist had been on a sick leave for four years, as he was immobile from neck to hips. Ho could not move his spine or shoulders. His shoulder joints were blocked so that he could not even bring a spoon to hismouth. He also suffered from severe psoriasis. The other patients from Sweden had similarly severe medical problems. "Let me concentrate on Ove. the most problematic patient among them. Besides having immobile shoulders and spine, his skin from neck to knees had been completely changed dueto psoriasis. This was an old ailment in his case and had been treated in vain in Sweden for over 20 years. After a three-day therapy in our spa, this patient's skin was cleared of flakingthrough the application of thermal water and a healing natural product called napthalene (camphor) provided by Dr. Josip Kajfez from the nearby manor house in Miljana. By the fourthday, we managed to achieve a minimal movement of the spineand shoulder joints by applying acupuncture against the pain, hand massage of the spine, the Relaxon (a special apparatus to mitigate the pain, and psychic tension), and bioenergy. On thefifth day of the same therapy, the complete relaxation of theentire spine and shoulders was reached. At this point, thepatient could bend to touch the floor and could touch the backof his head with his hands. Before the treatment he could walk a distance of 400 meters only with difficulty, whereas at the conclusion of treatment, which lasted for three weeks, he could walk a distance of ten kilometers without getting tired. The patient returned home in good health and will be able to return to work. For several years, though, therapy will have tobe repeated before it can be said that the patient has comple tely recovered." The ailments of the other Swedish patients at the Podfietrtek spa were similar, and all of them returned home recovered. The Swedish agency that sent them here has recorded theirprogress on a video cassette which will be shown in their homeland. The medical success to date have surprised Dr. Medved himself: Podcetrtek will soon have more new patients from Sweden and other West European countries. Ivo Ivacic IDBNA SRODAin APPENDIX K List of Sources LIST OF SOURCES (1) Draga Gelt, The Slovenians from the Earliest Times, Coordinating Committee ofSlovenian Organizatior\s of Victoria, Melbourne, 1985 (2) A.I. Kuhar, The Conversions of the Slovenes and the German-Slav Ethnic Boundary in theEastern Alps, Studia Slovenica, New York, 1959 (3) Dusan Ogrin, Slovenian Landscapes (Slovenske Krajine), Drzavna Zalozba Slovenije, Ljubljana, 1989 (4) Slovenian Bureau of Statistics and Federal Bureau of Statistics (5) IN magazine - official informative magazine (6) Government Gazettes (7) Srecko Krese, Naprej Zastava Slave, Mohorjeva Druzba, celje, 1990