/
1991^9210995
JOURNAL
OF A
VOYAGE
TO THE.
SOUTH SEAS,
IN HIS
£%~} Majefty's Ship, The Endeavour
ElEWf^tiEEy Faithfully tranfcribcd from the Papers of the late
^;    >  SYDNEY PARKINSON,
Draughtfman to JOSEPH BANKS, Efq. on his late Expedition,, with Dr. SO LANDER, round the World.
Embellished with
Views and Defigns, delineated by the Author, and engraved by capital Artifts-
LONDON:
PrintcJ for STANFIELD PARKINSON,  the Editor:
And fold by Mcflrs RICHARDSON and URQUHART, at the Royal-Exchange ; EVANS, in i'/iTER-NOSTKR Row j  HOOPER, on LrVDGat£ HlLLj MURRAY, in Fleet-street ; LLACROF F, at.CiiARi>tg-CRQSs; and RILEY, in Cup.zon-st.reet,, May-Fair.
MLDCC.LXXIII.
( )
CONTENTS,
PART 1.
Comprehending the occurrences that happened from the fhip's depatture fiom* England to its arrival in the South-Seas 3 particularly *
The defcription of the country and natives of Terra del Fuego   Page 7 et feq*
Arrival at and defcription of the hlands and natives of Otaheite    - 15 Obfervation of the tranfit of Venus   -   --   --   --   - -29
Table of the rife and fall of the thermometer during the fhip's fray
at Otaheite   -      --      --      -- --
Defcriptive catalogue of plants, medical, culinary, See. found on
that iiland - - - - - 37 Vocabulary of the language of Otaheite, with remarks - - 51 Defcription of the country and natives of Yoolee-Etea, with the
neighbouring iflands        -       -        -        - - - y\.
Defcription and delineation of the various warlike and domeftic
implements of Otaheite and the adjacent ifles      -      -     - 7"
PART U.
Comprehending the occurrences met with from leaving Yoolee-Etea to the time of the fhip's departure from the coair. of New-Zealand.
Views of the head-lands and delineations of. the coair, country, and inhabitant?, of New-Zealand       -       -      -      -       -     _ 86'
Defcription of the chiefs, warriors, and war-canoes, ccc. of New-Zealand       -       -      -      -      -.      -      —      -      - 96
Piclureiq[ue views on the coaft,   - 99—113—117
a. 2. Singular
iv CONTENTS.
Singular head-drefTes of the natives     - Page   116 ctfeq.
Map of the coaft of New-Zealand      -      -      - 125 Vocabulary of the New-Zealand tongue      -      -      -      - 127 Defcription and delineation of the military weapons and houfehold implements, perfonal ornaments, &c. of New-Zealand   -   - 128
PART III.
Comprehending the incidents that happened from the time of the fhip's leaving New-Zealand, to its arrival at and departure from Batavia for Europe.
Account of the country, natives, and natural produce, of New-Holland      - -       -       -      - - i^j
Vocabulary of the language of New-Holland      -      -      - 148
Vocabulary of the language of the natives of the ifland of Savoo 163
Defcription of the city, inhabitants, cuftoms, and perfons trading to Batavia      -      --      --      --       -- j^j
Vocabulary of the Malayan language, fpoken at Batavia, called the Low Malay      -      --      --      --      -       184
Vocabulary of the language fpoken at Anjenga, on the coair, of Malabar, called, at Batavia, the high or proper Malay   -    - 195
Vocabulary of the language of the natives of Sumatra    -      - 198
PART IV.
Comprehending an account of the fhip's voyage home from Batavia   209 aduk*
PREFACE*
( ' )
PREFACE.
By the E D I T O R.
UNqualified to addrefs the public, as a writer, I mould have contented myfelf with giving the following journal to the world, without the formality of preface, had not the circumftances, which have delayed, and the arts that have been praclifed to fupprefs, its publication, made fome explanation on this head particularly neceiTary.
The unmerited afperfions which have been caft on me, for afferting a right to pay this tribute to the memory of a deceafed brother, and to poflefs a bequeathed, analienattd, pittance of his little fortune, earned at the hazard, and purchafe^, as 1 may fay, at the expence, of his life, render it indeed incumbent on me to defend a reputation, as injurioully attacked as fuch dear-bought property has been unjumfiably invaded.
It is yet with regret I find myfelf reduced to this necefllty; as the perfons, of whom I complain, are men, from whofe fuperior talents and fituation in life better things might be expected $ however they have, in this inftance, been mif-employed in ftriving to baffle a plain, unlettered, man j who, though he thinks it is his duty to be refigned under the difpenfations of providence, thinks it alfo equally his duty to feek every lawful redrefs from the oppreflivc acts of vain and rapacious men.
Sydney Parkinfon, from whofe papers and drawings the journal, now prefented to the public, has been faithfully transcribed and delineated, was the younger fon
of
of the late Joel Parkinfon, brewer, of Edinburgh, one of the people commonly called Qnakers, and, as I am told, well known and efleemed by men of all rank* in that city. His fuccefs in life, however, was by no means equal to that probity of mind and purity of manners, for which he was eminently diftinguimed; a ge-nerofity of difpoiition inducing him to be improvidently remifs in profecuting the recovery of hisjufl debts: a circumftance, which, aggravated by other finifter accidents, rendered his family, on his deceafe, dependent on their own talents and induflry for their future fupport. His fon Sydney was put to the bufinefs of a woollen-draper i but, taking a particular delight in drawing flowers, fruits, and other objects of natural hiftory, he became foon fo great a proficient in that flile of painting, as to attract, the notice of the moft celebrated botanilts and connoif-feurs in that ftudy. In confequence of this, he was, fome time after his arrival in London, recommended to Jofeph Banks, Efq. whofe very numerous collection of elegant and highly-finifhed drawings of that kind, executed by Sydney Parkinfon, is afufficient teflimony both of his talents and application.
His recommendation being fo effectually confirmed by thefe proofs of ingenuity and induflry, Jofeph Banks made him the propofal of going in the capacity of botanical draughifman, on the then intended voyage to the South-feas. An infatiable curiofity for fuch refearches prevailed over every confederation of danger, that reafonably fuggeitcd itfelf, as the neceiTary attendant of fo long, fo perilous, and, to my poor brother* fo fatal a voyage ! He accordingly accepted Jofeph Banks's offer; though by no means an alluring one, if either views of profit, or perhaps even piudcnce, had influenced his determination. His appointment, for executing fuch drawings of Angular botanical fubjects and curious objects of natural hiftory as might occafionally be met with on the voyage, was fettled at eighty pounds per annum. In this capacity, and under this moderate encouragement, Sydney Parkinfon undertook to accompany Jofeph Banks to the South-Seas \ making his will before his departure, in which he bequeathed the falary, which might he due to him at the time of his deceafe, to his filler Britannia, and appointed mc his refiduary legatee..
The.
P R E FA C E;
The occurrences and events that attended the expedition are minutely related in the following meets: the contents of which, though deititutc of the embellishments of ftile and diction, may ferve to {hew with what aflid'uity the curious journalift purfued his obfervations, and what accuracy he aimed at, not only in the particular walk of his profeflion of natural hiitory, but alfo in defcribing the perfons, languages, cuftoms, and manners of the natives of the feveral iflands and continents they vifited.
And here let me be indulged in the fpontaneous efTufions of a heart flill affected with the lofs of a loving and a beloved brother, while I declare how I have heard many of the furviving companions of this amiable young man dwell with pleafure on the relation of his fingular fimplicity of conduct, his fincere regard for truth, his ardent thirit after knowledge, his indefatigable induflxy to obtain it, and his generous difpofition in freely communicating, with the moil friendly participation, to others, that information which perhaps none but himfelf could have obtained. That this is more than probable will appear, on comparing the different manner in which Sydney and his aflbciates paifed their time, in the moil interefting actuations.   While many others, for want of a more innocent curiofity or amufement, were indulging themfelves in thofe fenfual gratifications, which are fo eafily obtained among the female part of uncivilized nations, we find him gratifying no other paiTion than that of a laudable curiofity; which enabled him inofFenfively to employ his time, and tfcape thofe fnares into which the vicious appetites of fome others betrayed them.   It doth equal honour to his ingenuoufnefs and ingenuity, to find him protected by his own innocence, fecurely cxercifing his pleafing art amidft a favage, ignorant, and hoflile, people; engaging their attention by the powers of his pencil, difarming them of their native ferocity, and rendering them even ferviceable to the great end of the voyage, in chearfully furnishing him with the choicer! productions of the foil and climate, which neither force nor ilratagem might otherwife have procured.
By fuch honefl arts and mild demeanor he foon acquired the confidence of the inhabitants of moil places, at which the voyagers went on ihore s obtaining thus,
as
vii* P   R  E  F  AC E;
as I am well informed, with remarkable facility, the knowledge of many words, in various languages, hitherto little, if at all, known in Europe.
a       ' > ilnzl :   # I
Thefe paved the way alfo to his fuccefs in acquiring a choice and rare collection of curiofities, confiding of garments, domeftic utenfils, rural implements, inflfu-ments of war, uncommon lliells, and other natural curiofities, of confiderable value :. of fo much value, indeed, as even to feduce men of reputed fenfe, fortune, and character, to attempt, by means unworthy of themfelves, to deprive me of what, after the lofs fullained in the death of fo deferving a brother, one would think none ought to envy me the gain.
It has happened otherwife; and I am now to enter on the difagreeable tafk of fubmitting to the public, before whom 1 have been traduced, a relation of the manner in which the greater part of his effects hath been hitherto detained from me, and the ufe of thofe I got denied me, through my implicit confidence in falfe iriends, and the fpecious arts of covetous and defigning flrangers.
On the arrival of Jofeph Banks in London, about the middle of July, 1771, he* informed me, by letter, of the death of Sydney Parkinfon, my brother; acquainting me, at the fame time, of his having taken poifeflion of his effects, as the only perfon that could do it*; of which he was ready to give a proper account to his executors. I waited, of courfe, immediately on Jofeph Banks; who appeared to fympathize with me on account of my brother, with- whofe fervices he teemed highly fatisficd, and declared he fuffered a confiderable lofs by his death ; telling lie, after a fliort converfation on the fubject, that he was then much coafufed with a multiplicity of concerns, but that, asfoon as his hurry of bullnefs was over, he would give me an, account of my brothers e&cts.
Being foon after informed* that Jofeph Banks had told James Lee, of Ham-merfmith, that my brother had bequeathed to him, James Lee, a journal of tho
* J am, however, lincc informed,, that- it is ufurj, in fuch cafes,.for the captain of the fliip.to take pofkffipn of the effects of the deceafed y caufu>£ at. the Cane time a regular inyentory. to he taken of-(hfkk hsiorc tv\o competent witneiTes.
vova^e-
PREFACE, Sx voyage, and fome other papers, which were unfortunately loft; T took occafion to afk Jofeph Banks about this circumflance, who confirmed it j telling me that he had made a fearch among the fhip's company for the {aid journal, but could not find it. At this time he alfo told me that he expected to get his goods up from the fhip in a few days, and that, when they arrived, I fhould receive the things bequeathed me by my brother; among which he obferved there were fome curiofities he fhoukl be glad to purchafe. I replied that when I mould receive and be in* dined to part with them, I would give him the preference.
Several weeks having elapfed without hearing any thing of my legacy, 1 waited on Jofeph Banks, and, as 1 thought in the civilefl terms, dented him to account with me on this head. He was, or affected to be, extremely angry with me, however ; faying his own affairs were not yet fettled, and, till they were, he could not fettle mine. I anfwered, that I did notinfiit on a final adjuftment immediately, but thought it neceflary to make fome enquiry about the matter, left there might be fome perifhable commodities among my brothers effects, which would fuffer by being kept fo long in the package, and therefore required to be infpected. On this he flew, in a rage, to a bureau, that flood in a room adjoining, and began to uncord it with great violence, and in much apparent confufion. On my remon-ftrating that what he was doing was at prefent needlefs, he defifted, and, calling his fervant, gave him a written inventory ; telling him at the fame time to deliver me the things therein mentioned ; contained in a bureau, a large Chinefe chelt, a trunk with two locks, a Dutch box, and fome other fmaller cherts, jars, and boxes.
They were accordingly delivered me the next day, unlocked and without keys?
although the inventory implied that all the locks had keys to them excepting that
of a tea-chcfl.   On examining into the contents of the feveral packages alfo, I
found the things did not agree with the inventory-f.   1 miffed alfo fomething*,
b which
f Particularly fome linen was found not inventoried, and two New-Zealand arrows were milling. The large chett, inftead of being full of curiofities, as mentioned in the inventory, was not a third part full, and moil of the things that were in it were damaged or perilhed. '['he upper part of the bureau, faid to contain curiofities and fundries, contained nothing but a Huffed bird, a few majittfcripfs
and
which I knew my brother had taken with him, and which were not mentioned at all in the inventory; fuch as a filver watch, two table-fpoons, and a pair of gold fleeve-buttons j all which, however, it is poflible my brother might have loft or difpofed of on the voyage. But, as I thought it not very probable, I was induced to enquire, cf fome of the officers belonging to the Endeavour, into the manner in which my brother's effects were taken care of; and, in particular, after the journal, faid to be loft, and more of his papers and drawings, which I expected to have found.
The refult of this enquiry afforded no reafons to confirm me in the good,opinion I had hitherto entertained of Jofeph Banks j in whole integrity and generofity I had before placed the utmoft confidence. By one perfon, who was particularly intimate with my brother, I was informed that he died pofTefTed of feveral curious drawings of the natives of New-Zealand and other fubjects, which he had taken at his leifure hours, in prefence of the informant, for his own amufement and particular ufe j having given feveral of them away as prefents to the officers on-board, and that to the knowledge of Jofeph Banks, who never pretended to have the right, he hath fince been pleafed to fet up, to all. and every the labour?, in feafon and out of fcafon, of his indefatigable draughtfman. ** From another of the fhip's company I learned, that, immediately after Sydney Parkinfpn's deceafe, on the 26th of January, 1771* Jofeph Banks, attended by Dr. Solander, went into his cabbin j when the captain's clerk accidentally pafting by, they, called him, and defired him to take an inventory of the deceafed's effects :. which-he did, by writing down what was dictated. *f* On being (hewn the abovementioned inventory, he faid it was the clerk's hand-writing; but, on being afked if bethought it contained the wholeof Sydney Varkinfpn's effects, he replied " No, nothing like it." He was then fhewn the curiofities
and (ketches of no great moment, and a parcel of written mufic ; which lattc could hardly belong ti my brother, whokucw nothing of a fcience, of which his religious profemon prohibited him the fludy. Perhaps the fuadries.were his journal and drawings laid to he loft;, the- phice of which, thefc mufical nvmufcripts (undoubtedly belonging to Jofeph Banks, who is a connoiiicur in the an,) afterwards fepplied.
: it '■, here to be obferved, that Sydney Paikinfon was engaged to Jofeph Banks as a botanical draughtsman only ; fo that he was under no obligation to delineate other fubjects for Jofeph Banks, who took out another draughtfman, one Alexander Buchan, with him for that purpole; who likevvife fell a fa-, orifice to the vkiflitudes of climate and fatigues cf the voyage.
This civcumftance was aftcrwaids confirmed to me by the clerk himfelf..
rldfitfes received of Jofeph Banks; on viewing which he declared, that the decea&d, to his knowledge, pofTefled many things not to be found among them, particularly a quantity of feeds of curious plants, many birds and animals preferved in fpiri':, many lances, bludgeons, and other weapons ufed in war, likewife houfehold men-fils and other inftruments, purchafed of the natives of the newly-difcoverd ifhnds in the South-Seas; together with the third of a leager J of the belt arrack, bought at Batavia.   !n rcfpect to the loft journal, he faid that Sydney Parkinfon had been extremely afliduous in collecting accounts of the languages, cuftoms, and manners, of the people, wherever the (hip touched at, and had drawn up a very fair journ;^, which was looked upon, by the (hip's company, to be the beft that was kept; particularly as to the account it contained of the new-dtfeovered iiland?, and of the people refiding at, or trading to, Batavia.   He added, that Sydney Parkinfon had made, at his lcifure hours, a great many drawings of the people at Otaheite and the neighbouring ifland 8, as alfo of the New-Zealanders, particularly of fome who were curioufiy marked in the face ; and that he frequently fat up all night, drawing for himfetf or writing his journal; and as for the account of its being loft, he locked upon it as a farce, as he was fure Jofeph Banks took particular care of every thing belonging to Sydney Parkinfon, and had all his effects under his own eye. []
The reader will obferve, that, though 1 look on thefe informants to be perfons of veracity, and doubt not they would make good their information, if called on in a court of judicature, 1 do by no means charge Jofeph Banks, on hear-fay evidence, with the embezzlement or detention of effects I never faw ; he has enough to an> fwer for, as a man of credit and probity, in hitherto detaining from me the things I Was afterwards prevailed on to entruft him with, on his promife to return them. The information I received," however, could not fail of alarming my fufpicion; which I communicated to fome friends, who advifed me to file a bill in chancery to compel Jofeph Banks to come to a juft account. But, having a man of character and fortune to deal with, I was loth to take violent meafures, in hopes he might be induced by fair means to do me juftice.
At the end of about five weeks, I received a mcfTage from him, appointing me to come the next afternoon to fettle with him. I waited on him accordingly, at the
b 2 time
X About fifty five gallons.
I, The above account was corroborated by another of the {hip's company, who fmilcd at the relation ©f the Journal's beinjj loft) and at the enquiry that was pretended to be made concerning it.
xii P  R   E  F  A  C E.
time appointed; when I found him attended by his attorney. He received me very coldly, and complained that I had ufed him ill in making enquiries, among the-people belonging to the fhip, concerning my brother's effects ; he afked me if I had taken out letters of adminiflration, which he told me it was neceffary I mould do, previous to our finally fettling accounts.
At this meeting, therefore, little pafTed, except the adjuflment of the value of fome few of my brother's effects, that Jofeph Banks chofe to keep, or had fold. To this fucceeded, indeed, a fhort, but fomewhat warm, altercation, about the above-mentioned journal and drawings; to which Joltph Banks claimed a right, in quality of my brother's employer. As I could not bebrougra to acknowledge this title in him to any thing but the drawings in natural hiflor", which only my biother was employed to execute; he admitted there were In hh hands a few manufcripts, which were bequeathed to James Lee beforementioiu.j; fetching a fmaJl bundle of papers out of. a bureau and throwing them down on the table.
Being a good deal flurried with the difpute, and finding nothing could be then determined on, I took no farther notice of them, nt that time, than juft to obferve that the. manufcripts were my brother's hand-writing.
I obferved however to Jofeph Banks, that Dr. Solandcrhad informed me, thai-, when my brother was taken ill, he called him a fide, and.told him he was appre-henfive he mould die ; in which eafe he faid he hoped he had done everything to Jofeph Banks's fatisfaction, and doubted not but Jofeph Banks would do the juft thing-by him; at the fame time denting that James Lee might have \hc pe*-ufa/0£ his manufcripts.   Jofeph Banks denied his knowledge of any fuch circumftanee ;_ on which his attorney prefent afked if he had any written voucher that the papers-were bequeathed to James Lee, and was anfwercd in the negative; Jofeph Banks then faying that if Dr^ Solander fhould fay that James Lee was to have the perafal only of thofe writings, he would give up the point.   At this inflant the doctor came into the room, when I put the queftion to him, and he confirmed,, without limitation, what I had afierted.   When Dr. Solander left the room, neverthel: Jofeph Barks matched up the papers, and locked them up in his bureau ;. telling- me to go and adminifler to my brother's will, and he would acquaint me when it
would
would be convenient to him for me to wait on him to make an end of the affair. And thus our interview concluded.
In a day or two after, I took out letters of adminiftration, as- next of kin ^-j- and having waited a confiderable time, to no purpofe, in expectation of hearing from Jofeph Banks, I applied to Dr. John Fothergill, a common friend of my late brother and Jofeph Banks, to inform him how I had been treated ; telling him, at ther fame time, I intended to file a bill in chancery againft his friend Banks. The doctor dilfaaded me from it, as it would be very expenfive, and promifed to think, of fome method or bringing about an accommodation^ Soon after, he engaged to mediate between us, and, in appearance, much to the fatisfaction of Jofeph Banks > between whom feveral interviews, of courfe, took place on the oecafion.
During, the negotiation, I was informed by Dr. Fothergill, that Jofeph Banks de-fired to have the infection of the fhells and other curiofities, which had been delivered to me by his order, as beion mentioned ; which, by the doctor's perfua-fion, I was prevailed on to cor.ftnt to, as alfo to agree to prefent Jofeph Banks with fpecimens of fuch as he m'ght not have in his own collection ; which he faid could be but few, as Sydney Parkiulon always gave him the choice of what he procured and collected.
It was not, I own, without fome reluctance that I confented to fend thefe things to Jofeph Banks's houfe ; but, on Dr. FothergiU's engaging that 1 mould have the whole or the greateft part of them back, I yielded to his remonstrances, and fent a ehefl-of-drawers, a large trunk, and a wainfeor. coach-feat-box, containing*
Thirty pieces of the cloth made and worn at Otaheite and the neighbouring
'lids.
Fifteen ditto of matting and New-Zealand garments.
A great number of fifh-hooks, and various utenfils and inflruments uf_ad by the people on the fouthern iflands. Thefe were contained in the wainicot box, which was full of them.
A very
| Elisabeth P.-u-kirJon, the mother o£ Sydney,, having rdinquifh'.:d her right of adrainiftering.
A very large parcel of curious (hells, corals, and other marine productions, many of them beautiful and rare.   Befides many other particulars.
Of thefe curiofities, the fhells alone Dr. Fothergill had valued at two hundred pounds: yet neither the fhells, nor any thing elfe, hath Jofeph Banks to this day returned me. The reafons he gives for the detention are, that I have ufed him ill; that he hath given a valuable consideration for them ; and, in fhorf, that he will keep them. Of this pretended valuable coniideration I am now to fpcak. On the readinefs I lhewed to oblige Jofeph Banks with fuch of the fhells as he might not have in his collection, Dr. Fothergill informed me, that Jofeph Banks, in great good humour and apparent generofity, told him, he had much reafon to be fatisfied with the fervices of Sydney Parkinfon, and the chearfulnefs with which he executed other drawings than thofe of his own department> fupplying, in fact, the lofs of }ofeph Banks's other draughtfman, who died in the beginning of the voyage. On this account, Jofeph Banks was pleafed to fay, it had been his confront intention to make Sydney Parkinfon a very handfome prefent, had he lived to return to England. His intention was now to take place, therefore, towards his brother and fifter ; to whom he would make the like prefent, in confideration of fuch extra-fervice, or, as Jofeph Banks himielf expreffed it, a douceur to the family for the lofs they fuftained in the death of fo valuable a relation. There being due to the de-ceafed upwards of a hundred and fifty pounds falary, the fole property of my fif-ter Britannia, and Jofeph Banks chufing to keep fome of the effects bequeathed to me, as beforementioned, it was agreed, between Dr. Fothergill and Jofeph Banks, that the latter mould make up the fum five hundred pounds, to be paid into the hands of me and my filter.
Matters being thus fettled, a meeting of all parties was agreed on ; which took place on the 31ft of January, J772, when I waited on Jofeph Banks with my lifter Britannia, meeting there Dr. Fothergill according to appointment.*   After a fhort
introduction,
* It may not be improper to obfervc here, that I propofed to Dr. Fothergill the taking my attorney with m 1 on the occnfion : but this the doctor oppoh-d ; faying, 11 No, by no means, jofeph Banks «« will be offended."
introduction, Jofeph Banks, instead of enquiring about my letters of administration, as I expected, produced, for us to fign, a receipt, written on (tamped paper, and couched in the (trongeft terms of a general releafe, in which he himfelf was (tiled executor, or admin iitrator, to the laft will of my brother; and, as I underftood it, importing a renunciation of my right of administration in favour of Jofeph Bank?. This furprizing me, I immediately took out of my pocket the letters of adminil-tration, which I had myfelf procured by Jofeph Banks's advice and direction ; upon which he feemed highly difpleafed, flew into a great pafiion, and faid the whole affair was then overturned : but, on the interpolation of Dr. Fothergill, and my reprefenting to him that what I had done was by his own order, he having before told me it was necefTary, and that till I had adminiftered he could not fettle with me, he became fomewhat pacified, and agreed to pay the five hundred pounds, on receiving a common receipt, deferring the execution of a general releafe to another opportunity, This receipt was dictated, to the beft of my remembrance, by Dr. Fothergill, and was figned by me and my filter Britannia; 1 leaving with Jofeph Banks my letters of adminiftration, for the purpofe of having a more proper and formal releafe drawn up. Before the figning of the above receipt, however, I dented Jofeph Banks to deliver me that bundle of my brother's manufcripts, which he had before lhewn me : On which Dr. Fothergill interfered; and, faying they ihouid be returned him, and no improper ufe made of them, Jofeph Banks delivered them.
While Jofeph Banks was gone to fetch the papers, 1 intimated to Dr. Fothergill, that, the (hells and other curiofities not having been returned me according to promife, it was proper to take notice of it now, and that, unlefs they were returned, 1 would not fign the receipt. But to this intimation Dr. Fothergill hastily replied, " No, no ; thou feeft he is now in a pafiion, and it will be improper to " fpcak of them ;" adding, that he placed fo much confidence in Jofeph Banks's integrity, that he would anfwer for the return cf at leaft the greatest part of them. And thus our meeting ended.
On the examination of the paper?, thus delivered'to me by jofeph Banks, I found them to be the memorandums and materials, from which, I conceived, my
brother:
xvi PREFACE.
brother had written his loft journal: which being defirous of preferving for my own fatisfa&ion, as well as the entertainment of my friends, I caufed them to be faithfully transcribed ; returning the originals back to Jofeph Banks, as well to comply with Dr. Fothergilfs promife to him, as to induce him to return me the fhells and curiofities he ftill detained.
7
It was in vain I expected Jofeph Banks would keep his word with me. On the 26th of March, 1772, he fent me back, indeed, my drawers and boxes quite empty, without the civility even of a menage by the bearers. I complained, of courfe, to Dr. Fothergill, who afterwards faid he could obtain no fatisfaction for me. After feveral fruitlefs attempts to obtain it myfelf, therefore, I wrote to Jofeph Banks, acquainting him, that, if he did not immediately return the curiofities, I would inform the world of the whole tranfaclion between us, and endeavour to indemnify myfelf by publifhing alfo my brother's journal.* To this letter 1 received the following anfwer,
Mr. PARKINSON.
I (hall in the prefent, as well as at all times, refer the difpute between us to Dr. Fothergill's determination : not that I feel confeious of having done any thing amifs, but that I feel loth to endure your fcurrilous letters, fuch as I fliall (hew him upon this occafion.
With this you receive the adminillration.
Notwithstanding this declaration of his willingnefs to refer our difpute to the de-cifion of Dr. Fothergill, Jofeph Banks took no ftep whatever toward an zeeommo-dation ; nor did he ever (hew Dr. Fothergill, as the latter informed me, any of xhx>k pretended fcurrilous letters he mentions.
On
* Nor that at this time I wasfurniflbed with fuflicient materials to render it worthy of being laid before the public ■ having received no drawings or defigns of any confequence whatever from Jofeph O   implication, however, to feveral of the (hip's company, and by a fortunate accident, I reel foon after other manufcripts of my brother's, together with thofe drawings which cmbcllifh the ... nig (beets : not one of which did I receive from Jofeph Banks.
PREFACE,
xvii
On hearing of Jofeph Banks's intended voyage to Iceland, I thought it necefTiry, therefore, to purfue the advice of my friends, by endeavouring to come at my brother's journal and drawings, which I had now fo much reafon to think were concealed from me, and to derive what emolument I could from their publication. To this end I caufed the following advertifement to be inferted in the news-papers,
HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP ENDEAVOUR. Whereas a Journal was kept on-board the faid fhip, during her late voyage round the world, by Sydney Parkinfon deceafed, latcdraughtfman to Jofeph Banks, Efq. which, from the great variety of particulars it contained relative to the difcoveries made during the faid voyage, was allowed by the fhip's company to be the beft and mod correct that was taken j and whereas the faid Sydney Parkinfon had, at his leifurc hours, made drawings of many of the natives of the new-difcovered iflands, and had alfo taken views of feveral places in the faid iflands, which he intended as prefents to his friends ; which faid Journal and Drawings are pretended to have been loft.   And whereas there is great reafon to think that they have been fecreted by fome per fou or perfons for his or their own emolument. Thiii is to give Notice, that if any one can give Information where the faid Journal and Drawings are fo fecreted, fo that the Heir at Law to the faid Sydney Parkinfon may come by his lawful property, by applying to Stanfteld Parkinfon in little Pulteney Street, they fhali receive One Hundred Guineas Reward.
N. &. It is fuppofed that they afe not many Miles from New Burlington Street, f
In confequence of this advertifement, and perfonal application to feveral of the officers and others on-board the fhip Endeavour, I procured, by purchafe, loan, and gift, not indeed the fair copy of my brother's journal, but fo many of his manufcripts and drawings, as to enable me to prefent the following work, in its prefent form, to the public.
As I made no fecret of my defign, and was known to have employed the proper artifls to execute it, 1 was now foliated and entreated by Jofeph Banks's friends to defift : Dr. Fothergill, in particular, offered me, at different times, feveral funis of money, to drop my intended publication, notwithstanding he knew Jofeph Banks ftill detained my curiofities, contrary to agreement, and refufed to come to
c any
t By this intimation, it is plain I meant to infmuate, that I thought the Journal was in the hands of J'jk'ph Hanks: but I mould never have thought of publifhing fuch an advertifement, had I ever meant ■to have fold him my brother's papers, as Dr. Fothergill afterwards affirmed I had done.
any accommodation. Nay, James Lee, of whom. F have before fpoken, pro* ceedcd, indifcrectly, to attempt to intimidate- me from my defign, by pretending himfelf to have a right to my brother's manufcripts. His letter to me on thatoccafion may ferve to mew the manner in which I was befet, and what methods were taken, to induce me,- if poflible, to relinquish my right.
To STANFIELD PARKINSON.
S I R,
I have heard of your unaccountable behaviour to my good friend doctor Fothergill relative to your intending to publifli your brother's papers, after he had paffed hisword for your making no improper ufe of them, contrary to the intention of the lender, for they ivas only lent as a ptice of indulgence, v.hich the doctor beged for you, the ufe you intend to make of this indulgence in my opinion carrys nidi it the colour of an action fo fraught with ingratitude and matchlefs impudence that fhould you. proceed in it, you will bring a lafting ftain on your name and family, and may be followed by the ruin of both'.  1 " ,: ,,:   '1"'v''   * bpnajni     rbfrtvr /*«nr'h '..■:') sift . '
I little thought that a brother of my late worthy friend Sidney Parkinfon, could have even thought of fuch a peice of treachery, it makes me fhudder at your vicious turn of mind , while I lemante ever having had any knowledge of a man of fuch wretched principles. I advife you to defrft, and take lhamc on you before it is to late, and that you will for the fake of your family fave your reputation which once loft is feldom to be recovered.
One thing more I mult tell you which perhaps you think I did not know, which is that in your brother's will,, that he left with his fifter before he went abroad, he left fome legacys to my daughter Ann., amprigcf! other things fome paintings that was in your hands. I havelikeways heard there was fome-thing left to me in the will Mr. Banks brought home. You have t.ikenrio notice of thefe things to ;r.c, I imputed your fc'ikme to your avarice and did not think it worth my while to difturb you about it. but hnce I have heard of your determination,, I muft tell you if you proceed further in your publication Jam determined to call you to an account, the papers you arc about to publifli, is by right mine, I have Mr. Banks's word for it that your brother left them to me. and I will difput your title to them, as I have witness of your brother leaving em to me as my property. Confider the contents of this letter and act like a man of honour, or confider the confequence of doing wrong,
Vineyard 26thNov. 1772. I am, Iff;.
' JAMES LEE.
To this ftrange epiftle I returned the following anfwer.
JAMES LEE, ZIth Mo. 1772.
X received a letter from thee laft Friday, the contents of which, as coming from the friend of my dear brother, greatly amazed me, as thou charged me therein with crimes of the blacked dye; but as
th*y
they are only charges without foundation, the greater part being, according to thy own confeflion, founded on hearfay evidence, lean cafily clear myfelf from them, and fliall therefore anfwer them in the order in which they appear in thy letter.
Thou fayed I intend to publifh my brother's papers, notwithstanding Dr. Fothergill gave his word
that I mould make no improper ufe of them, contrary to the intention of the lender .-        From which
I infer that thou art of opinion that by publishing my brother's papers I fhall make an improper ufe of
thcm.-1 cannot fee any impropriety at ali in publifiling what is my own property, not only in my
own oiinion but that of all my friends. And that my brother's papers were fuch I (hall make appear when I come to anfwer another part cf thy letter: And being my property, Dr. Fothergill had no authority for faying I mould not make ufe of them. He might as well have faid I mould not fell another piece of furniture out of my fhop. That I did not, being prefent, contradict what the doctor faid, was I confefs, a fault, but owing to the hurry and confufion I was in at that time through the altercation between J. Hanks and myfelf.
I always had, and Rill have the greateft regard for Dr. Fothergill, having in many inllances experienced his friendfhip.   I fhould be forry thy charge of ingratitude in me towards him fhould be true I have Hated the cafe between him and me, refpeeting my intended publication, to many of my friends, and they were all clearly of opinion that the doctor remained entirely excufed from any thing he had faid refpeeting the papers, and the blame, if any, wholly devolved on mc.
In regard to what thou haft advanced, that the papers were lent as a piece of indulgence which the doctor begged for me, I mult beg leave to contradict thee, and to tell thee that thou wert mifinformcd : the doctor, at the time I was with him at Jofeph Banks's houfe, never fpoke about the papers till I had demanded them as my property, and which I had done feveral times before. Jofeph Hanks produced them before the doctor fpake about them, and in all probability they would have given me without any condition, as Jofeph Banks never requefted any.
I had been for a long time pad furprized at not hearing from, or feeing, thee, efpecially as I had wrote to thee of my intention! refpeeting my brother's Journal ; but the great fecret, or reafon thereof is at lad come out. It feems then that thou haft heard that I have kept fome legacies bequeathed to thy daughter Ann, which were left in my brother's will that he depofited in my filter's hands before he ■went abroad; amongft other things, fome paintings that were in my hands: And, that by a will Jofeph Hanks brought over there was fomcthing left to thee, which I have taken no notice of to thee. This is a heavy charge, but from which (as I have already faid) I can cafily exculpate myfelf.
In the will left with my filter, a copy of which Dr. fothergill has, and to which I have aominiftred, is the following claufe.
M 3dly, I deftre that my paintings on vellum, £s\\ may be given to thofe for whom they are £t marked on the back, and whatever utenfils that arc ufeful in painting or drawing to Mr. Lee's *l daughter, my fcholar."
I have, accordingly, as bound by folcmn affirmation at Doctors Commons, fent thy daughter all my brother's drawing and painting utenfils, that I received from Jofeph Banks or had by me, and have difpofea of the paintings as directed by my brother in his own hand writing on the back of them ; if any of them had been marked for thy daughter flic wou'd of courfc have had them with the utenfils.
c a Among
Among the papers I received from J. Banks there was a copy of the will he left with my filler: If Jofeph Banks brought over any other will of my brother's, it is more than I know of. I fuppofe if he had, it would have been produced before now, as it muft of courfe have fet alide that he left at home, and to which J. Banks knew I adminiftered.
I therefore indeed did not think ^kknewest all that thou haft charged me with on this beach Thou fayeft that the papers I am about to publifli are thine, and that thou haft Jofeph Banks's word for it. If by the papers thou meaneft the Manufcript of my brother's Journal, I mull tell thee I have it not, it being in Jofeph Banks's pofleflion, to whom I fent it, in order to oblige Dr. Fothergill. What I have are indeed taken from my brother's papers, but contain far more than what that manufcript does ; the other part thereof I have been furnifhed with by fome friends of my late brother.
But allowing that what I am going to publifli was no more than what that manufcript contained, thou wouldftfind it a difficult matter to perfwade me out of my Right of publication, and muft bring with thee into a court of Equity fomcthing more ftrong for Evidence than what thou haft mentioned ; as I have Dr. Solander as a witnefs to the contrary, who faid in the prefence of Jofeph Banks's lawyer, whom I can produce as an Evidence, and in my hearing, that my brother defircd that thou waft to have only the perufal of them. Jofeph Banks's lawyer afked him, at that very time, if he had it in writing, that my brother's papers were bequeathed to thee ; whoanfwered in the Negative; on which the lawyer pronounced them to be my property. And Jofeph Banks was fo well futisfied at what Dr. Solander then uttered, that he faid he gave it up.
I think thou wilt find I have fufficiently cleared myfelf from thy charges exhibited againft me, which I have done : not that I am any ways fearful of thy threats, for I fhall be at all times ready to anfwer thyfuits, but that lam defirous of living peaceably with all men.
As for the words, matchlefs impudence, treachery, wretched principles, avarice, and fuch like, which thou haft applied to me, I regard them as wrote in heat of pafnon ; and adu.j'e thee (to make ufe of thy own phrafe) to take Jhame on thee for having written them, as aifo for having unjufrly charged me with crimes I never committed.
I always have, and I truft I always fhall, act as a man of honour, and I well know the confequence of doing wrong.   I hope, after reading this, thou wilt alfo act as becomes fuch towards
STANFIELD PARKINSON.
Pcrfiffing Aill in the preparations for publishing my book, and turning a deaf ear to Dr. Fothergill's remonflrances, as not being of fo friendly a nature as I thought becoming him, I forfeited his good-will, and he became all at once as much my declared enemy as he had been before my pretended friend. He traduced my reputation before others, complained of my ingratitude to him, and my injuf-tice to Jofeph Banks j appearing to join with Dr. John Hawkefworth, the compiler of the fouth-fea voyages now publifhed, in reprefenting my book as an unfair
fair and furreptitious publication.* To this purpofe indeed Dr. Hawkefworth caufed an advertifement to be inferted in the public news-papers ; in anfwer to which I thought it incumbent on me to infert one, in my own defence i afierting my right to my brother's papers, and my refolution topublim them.
To delay this defign, and, if poflible, fupprefs my book, which was almofl ready to appear, Dr. Hawkefworth, whofe compilation was not fo forward, filed a bill in chancery againft me, fetting forth that I had invaded his property, by printing manufcripts and engraving defigns, which I fold to Jofeph Banks, and . which Jofeph Banks had afterwards fold to him :  even Dr. Fothergill fupporting this mifreprefentation, by affirming that I had made fuch fale to Mr. Banks, of which he was a witnefs.   On this application an injunction was granted by the court of chancery,  to Hop the printing and publifhing of my work. Nay, Dr. Hawkefworth, not consented with praying for the fuppreflion of my book, modeftly defired alfo to have delivered up to him the printed copies of it, which I had, at the expence of feveral hundred pounds, prepared to offer the public.
Put
* Asa proof how fur Dr. Fothergill did intercft himfclf on this occafton, I beg. leave to give an extract, of a letter from a relation at Newcattlc on the fubject.
Dear Coufin, Newcaftle, 29th Jan. 1773.
---This will inform ti.ee thy favours ramcduely to hand, and that I was not a little furprized
at Mr. f.ce's letter asd his change < nents; refpeeting Mr. Banks, as his friendship for mv late coufin fcemcd fo great, and b, thine I find 1 am the only pcrfon who have caufe of complaint and
whofe rrtendfhrip yet remains unftaggered.-But now to what I know of Dr. F's letter to J. K.,—
The latter called upon me one day and afked me if I knew of any Journal that was printing here, published by my coufin.   I told him no; but there was one printing at London, which I expected would be hnilhed by the middle of this month ; he then read the Dr's letter, wherein after faying how ill thou had treated both him and Mr. Banks, he fays from the regard he had to his promife, he offered thee 50 to ftop the publication, which th911.refufedlt-, as- he fuppofed only through a mercenary view, to extort more money from him ; which  however he did not offer.j|    This was the meaning and the words pietty much the fame, as will i S I can remember, in ihort he faid fo much that notwithstanding all I could offer in thy vindication nn 1 infilting that the Journal was certainly the property of the family, as well as every curiofity Coufin bad collected in the Voyage, yet the Dr. had Itated hi., cafj in fuch terms, that James King looks on thee M highly culpable.   Had my couiiu at firlt infilled by the proper method ot the Law for his brother's lait will and Effects, as I advifed, he would not only have hid a grrat deal more of the Effects, but have faved both Expence and preferved the friendship of the Dr. and Mr. I.ee.   However if the Book be ready, I hope a.Number may be fold fo as to defray the Expence and afford thee fomething over ; but am of opinion if they are not out foon, it will be a vc:y great difadvanu^c.        , . Thy truly affectionate Coufin,
J. GOMEL DON.
!l This is not true.   The do£lc: did ofcr firft fifty and afterwards one hundred and fifty poaads.
Put thus to the trouble and expence of defending a fuit in chancery, and the publication of my book being delayed when juft ready to appear, I had yet no remedy but that of putting in a full anfwer to the bill, and praying a difiolution of the injunction. This I at length obtained ; the reafons for continuing the injunction not appearing fatisfactory tothecourt; and indeed the pretended transfer of the property in my brother's manufcripts, from me to Jofeph Banks, and from Jofeph Banks to Dr. Hawkefworth, being attended with a circumftance, that, on the very face of it, anight reafonably fuggeft fome collufion. This was, that the alledged date of the atlignment of fuch property, from Banks to Hawkefworth, was prior to that of the receipt for the five hundred pounds before-mentioned, given by ctanfield and Britannia Parkinfon to Banks, on which the pretended right of the latter to fuch manufcript was founded. Can it be fuppofed, that a man of Dr. Hawkef-worth's difcretion and abilities would enter into an engagement of this nature, and make apurchafe of fuch moment, without enquiring into the title of the vender?
Be this as it may, fuch is the fact. Indeed the whole purpofe of the bill appears to be litigious, and calculated to anfwer no other end than to delay my publication, till he mould get the ftart of me and publifli his own : and this end, to my great damage and lofs, it hath anfwercd. In the mean while, and pending the fuit between us, it is faid that this prudential author fold the property of his own book, for no lefs a fum than fix thoufand pounds : a fum that probably would not have been given for it, had not an injunction been obtained againft the publication of mine; which contains an authentic journal of the laft and principal voyage, viz. that of his majefty's (hip The Endeavour.
Having thus given a fimple unvarnifhed narrative of the caufes of the delay of this publication, I fubmit its encouragement to the judgement and candour of the public. I cannot help concluding, however, with a fhort reflection or two on the conduct of my principal oppreilbrs.
That of Jofeph Banks, in particular, argues a high degree of infolence or avarice : poifeifed, as he was, of fo large a collection of curiofities, as well as of my
brother's
P R E F A C E. xxili brother's drawings and defigns, was it not covetous in him to defire alfo the little (lore bequeathed to me ? Might not I cite, on this occafion, the parable of the prophet) and fay to this gentleman, as Nathan did unto David, thou art the man ? Would it not be with propriety alfo that I mould look on his friend, Dr. Fothergill, as a kind of Ahithophel, by whofe pernicious counfel I gave the flaff out of my own hands, and by whofe officious meddling, to fay no worfe of it, I have been involved in an expenfive and troublefome law-fuit ? a proceeding the more reprehen-fib'.e in him, as it is inconfiftent with the peaceful rules of that religious f ;ciety to which we mutually belong. As to Dr. Hawkefworth, I (hall only fay of him, that, for a man of reputed piety, he hath behaved on this occafion with fufhcient eagernefs after worldly profit j and hath (hewn, that, whatever be his theory of moral fenfments, he is practically qualified for the higheft poft, in which the exer-cife of felnfh talents may be difplayed, and a. defire of inordinate gam be gratified.*
In refpecl; to the comparative merits ofhis book and mine, it is not for me to fay any thing.   If I have juftified myfelf in the eye of the impartial world for per-filling in this publication, I fhall leave the works of my brother to fpeak his 'alents j JJ thinking I have, paid a proper refpect to his memory, though it mould be faid ofhis journal, that its only ornament is truth, and its beft recommendation, characteri(lic» of himfelf, its genuine fimplicity.
Liuk-F^^n^,    stanfield Parkinfon.
* It is fat J this gentleman hath been lately made an Eaft-India director.
+ Of thofe works are all, or moft, of the drawing?, published in Dr. Hawkefworth's narrative of" the voyage of the fhip Endeavour ; although, while the name of the engraver is pompoufly difplayed, that of the draughtfman, or original defigner, is meanly and invidioufly fupprclftd.
A JOURNAL
EXPLANATORY REMARKS
O N    T H E
PREFACE
T O
SYDNEY    PARKINSON'S JOURNAL
O F A
VOYAGE    TO    THE    SOUTH  - SEAS. BY    JOHN    FOTHERGILL,    M. D.   F R. S.
TO an ingenuous mind, however innocent, it is a humiliating cir-cumflance to be accufcd : even a confcioufnefs of integrity, both in act and intention, cannot always efface the remembrance of unmerited, unjuffc imputations.
I feel myfelf no otherways affected by the accufations I am going to refute ; and if I have borne them longer than my friends thought I fhould have done, I neither was indifferent, nor incapable of refuting them.
I muft here acquaint the reader, that the preface to Sydney Parkinfon's Journal was not written by the perfon who figns it. That he fupplied the materials, I have no doubt ; he was indeed " unqualified to addrefs the publick"— <( an unlettered man"—and was he capable of anfwering for himfeJf I might fay more. He had the fortune however to find out a perfon, whofe talents and difpofition were exactly fuitable to fuch a work, and who has, indeed, " varnifhed " his materials" admirably. I know the nominal author was incapable of writing a line of it—nay, thofe letters put down as his own have been corrected; otherwife, a much larger field of Italicks might have appeared than are fo invidioufly pointed out in a letter, which does the writer's heart great credit with every friend to truth and humanity. It is of confequcnce to the parties accufed, that the reader mould know this circumilancc, and that whiift he is
d perilling
perilling the preface to this journal, he is to confider it as the production of a venal pen, and of a writer who has had very little regard to either truth or
character.
Another circumftance the reader ought likewife to be acquainted with—The unfortunate Stanfield Parkinfon, who figns this preface, is now infane, in confinement, and muft probably remain fo for life.* I write, therefore, as if I was treating of a perfon dead, and utterly incapable of anfwering for himfelf— no fmall diiadvantagc to an accufed perfon, when the accufer is not prefent to fupport his charges—under fuch a fituation, the fuppofition that he poflibly could have done it, ftands againft the accufed.
A fhort hiftorical detail of this whole tranfaction, will perhaps be the molt fatisfactory means of enabling the reader to judge for himfelf, whether the parties charged in this preface are guilty, and deferve the cenfures therein paffed upon them ; or ought not only to be acquitted, as having acted with honour, but applauded for gencrofity.
I knew Parkinfon's father when I ftudied at Edinburgh ; I believe he deferved the character beftowed upon him in the preface, and I retain a juft efteem for his memory. ,
When I removed from the city, about the year 1767, to my prefent abode in Harpur-Street, I became a member of that part of our religious fociety which is in Weftminfter, and to which likewife I found Stanfield Parkinfon belonged.
The regard I had for the father, led me to inquire into the fituation of the fon, who I foand was an Upholfterer by trade; Sydney Parkinfon, whofe journal follows, was then in town, and had engaged to accompany Jofeph Banks, Efq; as his draughtfman, in his intended voyage to the South Seas. Being introduced to me in this character, I gave him fome fmall proofs that I confidered
• Since this was written, he died infaae ii\ lake's hofpital.
him
EXPLANATORY REMARKS. 3 him not only as a young man of much ingenuity, but of an unblemifhed character, and one, who, for his friends fake, I could with to countenance.
After he embarked in the Endeavour, I took friendly notice of Stanfield Parkinfon, for his father's and brother's fake ; I occasionally employed him in fome little affairs in the way of his bufinefs, lent him money on a prcf-fing emergency, and fhewed him every proper mark of regard.
Some time after the return of the Endeavour, he called to inform me, that he thought himfelf ill ufed by Jofeph Banks; that he could neither obtain his brother's effects, nor a fettlement of the account, and added many other accufations.
I informed him my engagements were fuch, that it was not in my power to fpare time to inquire into fuch matters ; that the gentleman he complained of would, I doubted not, render him the ftrictelt juflice, and more than this, be generous, if he would have patience and allow proper time for adjufting his affairs. I faid this on a prefumption, which I found afterwards fufficiently juflified, that a gentleman of J. Banks's character could never fubmit to do any thing mean and unbecoming that rank in which he flood with the publick, on account of an undertaking which is yet unequalled.
Stanfield Parkinfon repeatedly called upon me, to folicit my afliflance in terminating this affair. Even his advocate acknowledges that I difTuaded him from all harfh meafures; and this acknowledgment ought to have fuperfeded the infinuation of " officious meddling." But to throw a great deal of dirt, in hopes that fome will flick, feems to be the eflabliilied maxim of this writer. In confequence of thefe reiterated applications, I wrote to J. Banks, to whom I was then perfonally a ftranger, and acquainted him, ** That at Stanfield " Parkinfon's requefl, I had taken the liberty to interfere in a bufinefs that V did not concern me, and to which I thought myfelf very unequal, but " fhould be much pleafed if I could bring them together in fuch a way as to *' terminate the mifunderftanding between them in an amicable manner."
In
4
EXPLANATORY
R E M A R K B.
In anfwer to this, I received the following letter, which, to my great fatis-faction, I lately found amongft my papers, and which, I think, will afford the mofl convincing proof of our intentions. Another letter or two palled between us on the fubject, which, thinking the matter only temporary, were deftroyed.   The letter follows :
"Dear Sir,
** T FEEL myfelf very much obliged to you, for having intercltcd yourfeif JL in fettling the difputes between me and the Executors of Sydney Parkin-" fon, deceafed ; efpecially, as I always feared that without the good offices of " fome difinterefted perfon, equally to be trufted by both parties, they would (t inevitably end in a law-fuit of the molt pettyfogging nature, which would " at once defeat any intention I*had of ferving them, and lead them into an " ufelefs expence.
ft On leaving England, I agreed to give eighty pounds a year to S. Parkin-<< fon, befides his living of all kinds, as my draughtfman, to make drawings <( for mc : of this agreement, £.151. 8s. id. is now due to his executors, *' befides fome fmall fum for fuch cloths, &c. of his, as I could difpofe of, " or make ufe of in the fhip, which I chofe rather to do, than bring them " home liable to be damaged, as thofe which came home were in fome " degree.
" Curiofities of all kinds I gave up to them, and fuch of his papers as I " had, excepting only fome loofe meets of a journal, which feemed to be only «« foul copies of a fair journal that I never found, and which is now the chief « object; of their enquiry; thefe foul papers, as all the journal I had, was to " be given to Mr. Lee, for his reading, by S. Parkinfon's own defire, expreffed " to Dr. Solander juft before he died : the curiofities I offered to purchafe at *< the time I delivered them, at fuch pri©e as the executors fhould put upon " them, but was refufed.
" Now
" Now as S. Parkinfon certainly behaved to me, during the whole of his *< long voyage, uncommonly well, and with unbounded induflry made for me " a much larger number of drawings than I ever expected, I always did and " ftill do intend to fhew to his relations the fame gratitude for his good fervices " as I mould have done to himfelf; the execution of this my intention was only " delayed by the fear of being involved in a vexatious law-fuit after all.
" Now you, fir, in converfation with Dr. Solander, have been fo good as to « fuggeff. a mode of pleafing all parties, which I confefs I very much approve •* of; the only thing that now remains is, that, as a friend to both, you (t think of a certain fum to be paid by me to them, as an acknowledgement of ** S. Parkinfon's good fervices, taking or not the curiofities, &c. jufl as may ** feem to you mofl proper : in this, if you are good enough to undertake it, " I beg leave to-hint, that I do not at all mean to be fparing in my acknowledg-" mcnt; but to err rather on the other fide, that any one who may hear the *' tranfaction may rather fay that I have been generous than otherwife.
*' Your obliged, and very
" Affectionate humble fervant,
"JOSEPH    BANK S."
Being thus left folely to compromife the difference between the parties, I endeavoured to view them both in the mofl impartial and difpaffionate light. Whether my opinion was the mofl prudent, is now fubmitted to others to determine; that it appeared to me the molt equitable and impartial, I can fafely affert.
I did not find there was any flipulated time referved for the fole ufe of Sydney Parkinfon during this expedition. His falary was fixed, his fupport engaged for—and of right, his time was the property of J. Banks, who paid this falary, and gave this fupport.
It followed then that the whole of S. Parkinfon's labour as a draughtfman, or in whatever manner he might be employed towards promoting the object of this voyage was the property of his employer.   This I confidered as including notes, minutes, draughts,  and other articles that required time to execute j which time was his mailer's.
But as it appeared, that he had ufed extraordinary diligence; had given the moll ample fatisfaction to J. Banks, both in refpect to application and ability ; that he was now no more, and could claim from him no farther acknowledgment, I judged that more than barely his wages was due, and embracing the liberty allowed me to propofe what was generous, I thought if the fum of £151, which was due to the executors of this young man, was made up £500, it would be a moll ample acknowledgment of his fervices • and prompt any other perfon who might attend in a fecond voyage, (which was then in agitation) in the fame llation, to exert himfelf with vigour, when he had before him fuch an inllance of generous attention to extraordinary fervices. I endeavoured to make it my own cafe, both one fide and the other. J. Banks very readily fell in with the propofal, and fettled at the fame time a penfion upon a black woman, the wife of a faithful black fervant who went out with him, and perifhed by the cold of Terra del Fuego.
With regard to the collection made by Sydney Parkinfon, it feemed to approach very near being the property of J. Banks ; yet part of it might be purchafed—might be given him for particular fervices—might be collected at times when it would be unreafonable to expect he fhould be labouring at all. In thefe things I allowed him to be interefled, yet with this referve, that if he had collected any curiofities, which were not in the general collection, it would
be
be right for J. B. to have every thing of that kind, as the colleaion could not have been made without his expence and afTiflance.
I propofed, therefore, in refpect to thefe things, that J. B. mould have the privilege of looking them all over—of felecting from them whatever might be agreeable to him, and returning the reft to Stanfield Parkinfon.
When Sydney went out, I requefted him, if he met with any rare marine productions, which did not interfere with the general bufinefs, that he would be kind enough to referve a few fpecimens for me—this he promifed, and had he lived would, I doubt not, have gratefully performed.
Stanfield allowed me to look over this part of his collection ; requeuing me at the fame time to lay afide a few of fuch as I thought rare for his coufin at Ncwcaftle. This I performed ; took care in felecting for myfelf thofe I thought proper, that the rcit of the collection fhould be as valuable as pofTible, by leaving duplicates, and in good condition.
At my requcft, and in purfuance of the opinion, that it was neceffary that every curious article not in the general collection, if any fuch there mould be, ought to make a part of it, both the fhells I had felected for myfelf and S. P.'s relation, as well as thofe from whence they were taken, were all fent back to J. Banks, who after fome time returned to me all thofe I had picked out, and thofe only.   In this part of my negociation I was unfortunate,   I had not made myfelf fumciently underftood.   I meant that after J. B. had taken out of Sydney Parkinfon's collection, whatever he might think fit to add to his own collection, not only thofe which I had felected, but the reft likewife fhould have been returned.   Papers, manufcripts, drawings, and whatever related to the object of this voyage, the promotion of knowledge, were une^ceptionably to be given up to J. Banks, who thought himfelf likewife entitled to the rcit of the curiofities, as well as the manufcripts, papers, &c. in confideration of the ample fatisfuction he had made, having prefented the family with £349 more than was due to Parkinfon ; forty-nine of which he judged to be more than an
• equivalent
equivalent for the whole of his collection j as indeed it proved to be from the prices they fold at in fubfequent auctions.
After the (hells were returned to me, I defired Parkinfon to fay what would content him for thofe I had felected. He told me that a dealer, who had fecn the whole collection which his brother had made, in his abfence, laid they were worth two hundred pounds. I never fixed any value upon them. I never faw the whole, nor examined any part of his collection but the fhells and corals. It is therefore an abfolute untruth that I fixed any price upon this collection.
There is nothing more difagreeable than to fix a value upon another's property; efpccially where that valuation has no certain flandard. Things of this nature are to be rated according to opinion only. Determined therefore to follow the example I had propofed, I paid liberally for thofe I felected—. above twice the real value, as the fame kinds have fince been fold for at publick auctions. I told him at the time, he mutt not expect to difpofe of the reft on the like terms.
Incapable of feeling the generofity of my conduct, he immediately concluded, that what remained in the hands of J. Banks, were of much greater value than he had fufpected; and from that moment, became importunate to have every thing returned : and this, perhaps, was a principal motive to his future ungenerous and ungrateful conduct. The reader of Parkinfon's preface, when he has confidered thefe circumftances, will perhaps acquit me of the charge of having acted the part of a " pretended friend." If he does, what name muft the man deferve, who had bafenefs enough to forge the injurious epithet ?
The fum of £500, which I had propofed to be paid by J. Banks, to the executors of Sydney Parkinfon, as a full compenfation for his extraordinary diligence, inftead of £151, was accepted by both parties. I was prefent at the payment, a witnefs to the receipt, and hoped the difpute was amicably and honourably terminated,
Stanfield
Stanfield Parkinfon then requefted he might have the perufal of his deceafed brother's papers. J. Banks complied with this requeft, though not without hefitation ; the event too plainly proved, he had ftronger reafons for his reluctance than I was aware of: he knew the man much better than I did. Thinking that it mufh afford Stanfield much fatisfaction to perufe thefe laft remains of his brother's induftry, I requefted it as a favour, engaging, as I thought I might do it fafely, that no improper ufe fhould be made of them ; I meant by printing, or communicating them to the publick in any mode whatfoever. My requeil was complied with, and he was put in pofTeflion of all the papers in J. Banks's cuflody.
That J. Banks was diffatisfied with the manner, at leaft, in which Parkinfon made the requeft, was evident, and not without fufficient reafon. After fuch an inftance of generofity, as he had juft exhibited to Parkinfon's family, to have the fliadow of a claim urged with heat, was not a little irritating.
By Parkinfon's own confefTion in the preface, as foon as he had got the papers into his hands, it appears, that he immediately fet to work to get them tranferibed, engravings to be made from fome drawings of his brother's, and to put the whole as fait as he could into a form for publication.
Some weeks after the bufinefs was, as I thought, happily terminated, I was informed, that Parkinfon was preparing his brother's papers for the prefs. I fent for him immediately, to enquire into the truth of this report, and learned from him, to my aftonifhment, that the papers were tranferibing for this purpofe.
I afked, if he had forgot that I pledged myfelf to J. Banks, that no improper ufe mould be made of them, in his hearing ; and that he made not the leaft objection to my engaging on his behalf in this manner : and told him that it was a piece of the blacken: treachery fuch a tranfaction could admit of, and he was treating me with no lefs ingratitude than injuitice, filently to acquiefce with
f iny
my engaging for him, perhaps at the very moment he was refolving to avail himfelf of my good nature and humanity towards him, to do an irreparable injury to J. Banks and myfelf.
I entreated him, if he had any regard for his own interefl and reputation, that he would immediately defirt from a project, which would be ruinous in all probability to himfelf, and leave me expofed to reproaches, on my part wholly undeferved. The reader will much more eafily conceive than I can exprefs, what I felt on this occafion.
I urged him to lay afide an intention, which, if carried into execution, might involve us both in an imputation of notorious treachery.—Entreated him to recollect in what manner I had behaved to his brother, and himfelf, ever fince I had known them j the acts of kindnefs I had repeatedly done to himfelf, and his family.—That it would be forfeiting, not only my future friendfhip, but the regard of every one who fhould be made acquainted with this fignal act of ingratitude.—That his conduct would be a reproach to the whole fociety we belonged to, and that J. Banks, if he was not generous enough to think me incapable of it, might accufe me as a party in his guilt. He then promifed to defift, upon my engaging to pay the expences he had incurred, for tranferibing and engraving. I ordered him to bring me the amount of his expences, he did fo, juft as I was preparing to fet out for Chefhire—I offered him a draft for the money ; but he chofe to flay for it till my return from the country. At which time, when I fent for him to fmifh the affair, I was informed the work was advancing, and that the expences were at leaf! £300.
In vain I reprefented to him this double aggravation of his criminal conduct. All that I could urge was received with an obftinate refolution to perfevefe.
He faid that J. Banks had ufed him ill, by retaining all the articles fent to him, fome of which ought to have been returned to him, and were of as much
value
value as the fum he had received ; and that he was therefore determined to do himfelf juitice, by publishing his brother's papers, and informing the publick of his reafons.
This complaint I told him ought firfl to have been made to me, as I flood guarantee to J. Banks, that no fuch ufe mould be made of his papers as was then intended; if J. Banks had withheld any thing that was juflly due to him, I was obliged to fee juflice done him, and mould do it, either by application to J. Banks, or out of my own pocket. But all was in vain. Can the reader think, as S. Parkinfon has infmuatcd, that becaufe I declared this conduct: ungrateful, therefore my friendihip till now was " mecr pretence ?"
Finding all my endeavours to put a flop to this unexpected treacherous behaviour ineffectual, I prevailed upon a reputable fenfible perfon, of our perfuafion, and a member of the fame meeting, to meet Parkinfon at my houfe, to endeavour, if poffible, to put an end to this mofl difagreeable bufinefs j we met accordingly. What paffed amongil us on this occafion, will probably appear mofl fatisfactorily to the reader, from the mediator's own account of it, which I copied from his memorandum.
** Subflance of what paffed at Dr. FothergilTs houfe, November the 22d, " between Stanfield Parkinfon and Dr. Fothergill, in the prefence of John " Hatch, who, a few days after, put it down in writing, to afTifl his memory, " if he fhould be called upon as an evidence in the cafe.
«' J. Fothergill requefted J. Hatch would meet Stanfield Parkinfon, at " J. F.'s houfe, which he did Nov. 22, 1772.
" J. F. then informed J. Hatch, with the occafion of this appointment. " The following is the purport of what paffed between J, F. S. Parkinfon, " and John Hatch, on this occafion.
" That
" That S. P. had a difpute with Jofeph Banks, which was likely to be 94 attended with a law-fuit; but in order to ferve S. P. and prevent fo much u trouble and expence, J. F. at the defire of S. P. had taken upon him to " endeavour to fettle the matter between them, which J. F. had effected in *' the following manner:
*' That Jofeph Banks inftead of paying S. Parkinfon the fum of one hundred ** and forty pounds, or thereabouts, which was due to his deceafed brother " Sydney Parkinfon, mould pay Stanfield Parkinfon the fum of five hundred ** pounds : for which S. P. mould let J. Banks felecl fuch fhells, &c. from *' his late brother's collection, as to make J. Banks's complete ; and that S. P. '* fhould make no ufe of his late brother Sydney Parkinfon's papers or 4t drawings : to which agreement Stanfield Parkinfon being prefent made no " objection.
" But J. F. complained, that contrary to this agreement he found S. P. ** was preparing to publifli his brother's obfervations, which S. P. acknow-«* ledged was true, and faid he had expended upwards of fixty pounds on that " account.
** J. F. remonftrated with him on the injuflice of fuch a procedure, and -*« faid for the fake of their own credit,   and to avoid difputes, he (J. F.) " defired S. P. would fend him an account of what had been expended in " preparing for the publication, and he (J. F.) would pay it him.
" Accordingly the bill was fent, amounting to upwards of fixty pounds j «< this happened to be about the time when J. F. was going into the country 1* for fome weeks, who foon after his return fent for S. P. in order to pay the '* aforefaid bill.
" But to his great furprife, S. P. told J. F. the work was ftill going on, " and that the fum of £300 was now e*Pent*ea thereon.    J. F. again
" remonftrated
EXPLANATORY REMARKS. 13 «« remonftrated with S. P. on the great injuftice done him as a mediator i( between them, but to no purpofe, S. P. ftill perfifling in publiihing.
" A little while after S. P. was withdrawn, J. F. defired J. Hatch would let " S. P. know that J. F. would pay this farther expence, provided he would " drop the publication : to which J. H. replied, that S. Parkinfon told J. H. M that the work was carrying on fo fafl that he could not drop it; on which '« account J. II. did not carry this propofal to S. P."
Having thus made ufe of every method in my power, but ineffectually, to prevent the publication of a work obtained from its rightful owner in this treacherous manner, nothing remained for me to do, but to affure my much injured friend J. Banks, that I felt the mofl poignant diflrefs on this occafion ; and that whilft I had been folely intent upon ferving both parties, I had been made the iriflrument of injuring him fo materially.
Though I knew Parkinfon himfelf was incapable of publifhing the papers which he had thus furreptitioufly obtained ; yet it was not to be doubted, but he might readily find fome needy writer, who would fupply his defects, and perhaps rejoice at an opportunity of defaming thofe who were mofl jitftly entitled to commendation.
When the work appeared, this apprehcnfion was fully juftifled 3 it was ufhered to the publick by a preface profeffing much fpecious candour, but containing a ferics of falfehood, mifreprefentatlon, and abufe. To thefe is oppofed the explanation here exhibited, and it is now before the publick, and will probably be before poflerity, who will have no partial regards to the accufer or defendants : both have the right of appeal to that tribunal, to explain the motives of their conduct, and mult fubmit to the equity of their decifion.
That-applications were made by a legal procefs to flop the appearance of this work by the publifher and bookfellers concerned in the edition
of Capt. Cook's Voyages, is true, and for very obvious reafons; the fale of it would leffen their benefits, in proportion to its value and its fale. The hope of gain had been Parkinfon's chief object—he knew that a much more honourable place * might and would have been referved for doing juftice to his brother's merit, than in a preface filled with invective and unjuft infinu-ations againlt his brother's warmed friends. Could poor Sydney have forefeen that he was furnifhing avarice and malevolence with the means of traducing fuch men, he would have fwcrved from the inftructions of his cordial and intelligent friend,^ who defired him to *' minute every thing he faw, and " truft nothing to his memory.'"
It may not be improper here to mention a fact, which, though of no great confcquence in itfelf, is of moment to thofe who are under the difagreeable neccffity of juftifying their conduct before the publick.
Parkinfon's plea for printing his brother's papers, was, " That Jof. Banks *' never returned him any of the clothes, utenfils, &c. which were fent to ** Jof. Banks for his infpection."
It was ftipulated exprefsly, that every thing of this nature fhould be put into the hands of Jof. Banks. But it is evident, that Parkinfon had referved many drawings ; whence, otherwife, came the plates which appear in this work ?
And there are now in my poflefnon, fome clothes and inftruments which were collected by Sydney Parkinfon, which I purchafed of Stanfield Parkinfon's executors after his deceafe, and which were never fent to J. Banks, though all were promifed. Hence it is very evident, this fuppofed detention, which might readily have been adjufted, was not the fole caufe of the unrighteous act —but the hope of acquiring a large fum of money by the fale of this journal.
Plowever artfully the tale was told, yet the publick could not readily adopt the partial and invidious narrative ;  they could not believe the account was true ; it bore too evident marks of partiality, rancour, and injuftice. And * The Natural Hiftory of thij Voyage. f Janic» Lee.
fenfible
EXPLANATORY      REMARKS. 15
fenfible people could not but lufpect the like temper might poflibly pervade the work ; and that the fame di(regard to truth, the lame varnifh, might be employed to work up a recital of events and circumftances, more fuited to the compiler's ideas, than the reality of a journal.
But there feems not much reafon to apprehend the latter was the cafe. The revifer feems to have followed his original pretty clofely. What errors it contains were chiefly made by the author, and it was not likely the editor could correct them.
Perhaps it may be afked, whence it happened that two perfons, whofe characters have been thus fharply attacked, could quietly remain fo long under fuch imputations ? I fhall anfwer for myfelf, and in doing that, mall perhaps fuggelt fome reafons why J. Banks was as filent myfelf.
The confcioufnefs of my innocence, and the difintereftednefs of my views in this tranfaction, with a hope that the general tenour of my life, would prevent my fuffering greatly in the opinion of thofe who knew any thing concerning me, alleviated much the fenfe of the injuries done to me; and a perfuafion, that fenfible and impartial people, to whom J. Banks and myfelf were unknown, would difcover in the narrative itfelf, fo many inftances of paffion and partiality, as would lead them to fufpect the charges to be the product of difappointment and malevolence.
Men who wifli to pafs without blame through life, naturally endeavour to have none imputed to them ; not even undefervedly. It is fcarcely pofhble for perfons of any feeling, not to wifh to leave behind them an unfullied reputation and this not only for their own fakes, but for the fake of their friends, and their connections. Not forgetting, likewife, that they owe example to the publick.
Two reafons prevented me from attempting the juflification I now fubmit to the reader's confideration before this. time.   The nrft, Parkinfon and
myfelf
myfelf were members of a community which enjoins it as an indifpenfible obligation, not to appeal to the publick, in matters of difpute or difagreement, till the means prefcribed by that community have been tried to reconcile the difference.
Agreeable to this fundamental maxim, Parkinfon ought firfl to have applied for juflice, had I injured him, in the ufual forms of our procedure. Inftead of this, he at once, contrary to all advice, traduced me before the publick, and violated the rules of his profeffion. Had I followed in a reply, I fhould have been as guilty as himfelf; guilty of breaking through a regulation, that has been thought to do credit to our inftitution. I bore it therefore patiently, till a feafon might arrive when probably he might be, by the interpofition of the fociety, made fenfible of the breach of order, might be induced to reflect on the injuftice he had done me, and, from conviction, do juflice to a much injured character to the utmoft of his power. To endeavour to make people fenfible of their miftakes by forbearance, by reafon, and the motives drawn from religious considerations, is the method we employ on thefe occafions.
Soon after the publication of this journal, the fociety finding one of their members expofed to publick cenfure, by another of the fame profeffion, could not avoid taking notice of it in due form, and they treated with Parkinfon, to make him fenfible of the breach he had made in trie rules of their difcipline. After much labour, he was made to comprehend it fo far as to own it, and was forry for it. A written acknowledgment to be entered in the minutes of the fociety, is always expected on thefe occafions j whilft this was framing, fuch evident marks of infanity appeared, as to render it of no confequence to proceed with him any further.
The refult of thefe proceedings, with thofe who are guilty of breaches of order, is to accept of their acknowledgment, if it appears to be competent and fincere ; and this acknowledgment reinftates the offender in his former ftate of memberfhip. If he proves refractory, he is declared not to belong to the fociety, in which cafe he is open to the common modes of profecution.
Till,
Till, therefore, Parkinfon had either reinflated himfelf in the fociety, by acknowledging and making proper fatisfaction for the breach of a rule, which is not only known to the fociety itfelf,  but to many intelligent people of
other communities ;  or till he was difowned for refilling this fatisfacftion_
no proper mode of proceeding to do myfelf juflice prefented itfelf. If he remained a member, my application mull be to the fociety. If he refufed fubmiffion to them, he would be no longer confidered as a member, and I mould then be left at liberty to feek redrefs as circumflances might require. It would be tedious and not interefling, to produce undeniable evidence in fupport of this narrative. So much as is here offered, will, I hope, be received with indulgence, when it is confidered I am refcuing myfelf from charges that muft otherwife remain unrefuted, perhaps, as long as letters are efleemed either in this or other nations ; for the engravings in this work, as well as the importance of the voyage, will always give the book a place in the libraries of the inquifitive.
It is not improbable, but that a hope of gaining confiderably by the fale of this book, might be a very flrong inducement to Parkinfon to trample in this manner on the laws of friendiliip, gratitude, and juflice. Some of the Endeavour's crew, who foon came about him, after their arrival in England, for their own private ends, buoyed him up with hopes of vail advantage from his brother's labours. This rendered him deaf to all advice ; induced him to break the promife he had made mc to flop the publication ; involved him in many difficulties in refpedl to his circumflances *, and, it is much to be feared, contributed to his ruin. He owned to fome of his acquaintance before his faculties were quite difordered, " That he had ufed me wickedly."
It became neceffary foon after his confinement, to look into his affairs, when it appeared, that not much more was left than would barely fatisfy his creditors. His wife died a little before he became quite infane, and his children are maintained by the fociety, of which he was a member.
h
Amongfl
Amongft his effects were found fome remains of his brother's collection of clothes and utenfils, though but few, and about four hundred copies of this journal : thofe who had the management of his concerns, made me an offer of thefe copies, which I bought at their own price, together with the plates belonging to this work.
There had always appeared to me a great difficulty in refpect to a justification of myfelf from his charges : to do this in a common news-paper, or in a pamphlet, though it might ferve the prefent purpofe, yet the calumny would be handed down to poflerity ; and if an exculpation gained the notice of a few cotemporaries, it flood but little chance of furviving when perfonal regard was at an end.
I chearfully accepted the offer made me of purchafing the remaining copies, as the poffeffion of them would afford me an opportunity of tranfmitting to future time, fuch an account of this tranfaction as might enable thofe who perufed the charge, to judge of it fairly for themfelves.
When'the reader reflects on the feveral circumflances here related, and confiders this poor man as neceffitous, difappointed in his views, and under the commencement of infanity, it will not be difficult to account for his extraordinary behaviour to perfons who had acted in all things towards him with difintereflednefs and generofity.
JOHN FOTHERGILL.
POSTSCRIPT.
SOON after the publication of Parkinfon's Journal, a gentleman to whom I was very well known, and who is now abfent on duty, in a remote part of the world, was fo much affected with the injurious treatment I had met with, as to be at the pains of drawing up the following remarks on the preface, with a view to get them inferted in the Monthly Review. With this intention he put them into my hands, where they have lain ever fince. As, on perufing them, I find they have touched upon fome circumflances which are not directly noticed in the preceding narrative, it feemed not improper to add them to thefe remarks.
To the Publifher of the Monthly Review.
Among the many ufes to the publick of a literary review, it cannot be the leail, nor out of character, to convey a candid defence againfl an unjufl attack. In virtue of this plea it is that I claim your infertion of this addrefs to you.
A kind of folemn appeal to  the publick having been lodged in Mr.
Parkinfon's preface to his publication of certain remains of his brother's
journal and draughts, on his voyage to the South-Seas,  in the Endeavour,
againfl the ill treatment pretended to have been received by him, relative to
fuch his edition •  in which appeal he has efpecially involved Dr. Fothergill ;
it is from a particular regard of this gentleman's character, that the following
remarks
remarks are derived : yet does the love of truth fo far in me out-weigh all partiality, that the points of the greated importance to the deciiion, are principally taken from Mr. Parkinfon's own account of the matter, without falfifying any fact, or draining any inference.
Upon the face then of the premifes it appears, that Dr. Fothergill, without the fhadow of any intered fo much as infinuated, but preemptively with the bed of intentions, and agreeably to his well known ufual humanity, interfered for the fervice and fatisfaction of Mr. Parkinfon, to whofe tf religious fociety," to ufe Mr. Parkinfon's own words, the doctor alfo belonged : it was under this friendly mediation that Mr. Banks, whofe debt to the deceafed for his falary is not pretended to have been more than about one hundred and fifty pounds, confented to add the fum of three hundred and fifty pounds, which furely was a noble addition, and might very well be allowed to include in it, at once, the gratuity intended as a douceur to the family, for the lofs they fudained in the death of fo valuable a relation, and a confideration as well for any didindtion that could be fet up between the drawings of the hired botanical draughtfman, and thofe of the draughtfman in general, as for all the vad treafure of cockle fhells, plants, dufTed birds, favage garments, utenfils, and implements of war, faid to have been left, of infinite curiofity, no doubt; but hardly of fo much value as to tempt Mr. Banks to cheat Mr. Parkinfon's heirs of them.
That Mr. Banks, however, imagined that this additional fum of three hundred and fifty pounds gave him a right to a fair and full clearance (and perhaps the reader may imagine fo too) dands prefumably proved by his having prepared a general releafe, to be figned by Mr. Parkinfon and fider on their receipt of the fum, thus even generoufly made up five hundred pounds; and that it was not figned by them appears, by Mr. Parkinfon's own account, to have been purely owing to fome delay made neceffary by a point of form. (See preface, p. xv.)
«
That
That Dr. Fothergill might, at that time, promife his good offices for Mr. Banks's letting him have fome of thofe curiofities back that Mr. Parkinfon there fays he wifhed to have back, is not at all improbable, if it be true that he expreffed at that time fuch a wifh but that he mould make the receiving them back a condition of his figning the receipt of the £$oo, is not, perhaps, quite fo credible. Whoever, alfo, will think it worth his while to perufe Mr. Parkinfon's own account, his own confeflion of prefence at Dr. Fothergill's engaging for the return of the brother's manufcript, and not contradicting fuch engagement, will hardly not fee and feel that he was bound by it in honour and in juftice.
To how poor a prevarication and fubterfuge has he recourfe in his pitiful chicanery about the expreflion of making an improper ufe of his brother's papers ! Can he think to impofe on any one, that by that " improper ufe'* he did not underftand himfelf precluded from publifhing any thing of 'his brother's, relative to that voyage, which Mr. Banks might wifh not to be publifhed ?
By all accounts then, not even excluding Mr. Parkin/on's own itate of the cafe, it appears, that after a final end had (by Mr. Banks's juflice pufhed to the length of great generofity) been put to any further claim on this part of Mr. Parkinfon, for any debts or effects of his brother's, he expreffed a very natural curiofity to have the perufal of his journal and manufcripts, very lawfully and honourably in Mr. Banks's poffeflion. Upon which Mr. Banks, with a miftruft which Mr. Parkinfon has fince abundantly juflified, exprefling an unwillingncfs to truft them out of his hands, Dr. Fothergill, in that true fpirit of humanity which conflantly characterifes him, obferved, that it would be rather hard to deny a brother fuch a natural gratification, and interceded for Mr. Banks's letting Mr. Parkinfon have them, faying, " They mould be u returned, and no improper ufe made of them."   (See preface, p. xv.)
1
Now
Now what that improper ufe meant, I prefume, there is no reader who will not initantly conftrue and allow that Mr. Parkinfon was at leafl in honour bound by it, relatively to Dr. Fothergill, who had thus humanely and kindly undertaken for him.
What the fentiments of an intimate friend of his brother's were, who, in a letter to this Parkinfon, accufes him of a treachery and avarice that make him fhudder for his treatment of fo worthy a perfon as Dr. Fothergill, the reader may fee in page xviii of that preface, and judge whether Parkinfon's anfvvef to it does not add to the criminality of the ingratitude and breach of truft contained in the tranfaction, the meannefs of muffling and equivocation in an endeavour to juftify it. Mean while the fituation of Dr. Fothergill is iingularly cruel; his humanity, his tendernefs for a brother's fuppofed fraternal feelings, a defire of procuring him a fatisfaction he judged but natural, having made him undertake for one whom he could not conceive poflible to be guilty of fo mean, fo difhonourable a procedure, have expofed him to the reproaches of Mr. Banks, if one fo much of a gentleman as Mr. Banks could be capable of not doing juflice to the intention, however hurt by the confequences1; while, on the other hand, Mr. Parkinfon has in his preface aimed at pre-fen ting him to the publick in the light of one who is an accomplice of Mr. Banks's in his opprefhve procedure, and partial to his injuftice, at the fame that it will clearly appear, that nothing could be more generous than Mr. Bank's dealing with Mr. Parkinfon j nor more humane and friendly, than Dr. Fothergill's interpofition in his favour. And fuch his return from him ! Upon which let the reader himfelf decide, whether this cafe is not one of thofe that may fairly be added to the catalogue, already terribly too long, of instances of the danger of doing good. And the reader will alfo pleafe to obferve, that in the prernifes there have been no confequences drawn but what palpably anfe from facts of Mr. Parkinfon's own furnifhing,
FINIS,
JOURNAL
O F A
VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS,
In his Majefty's Ship The  E N D E AV OUR.
F^g^^T^ N the 22d of July, 1768, I went on board the fhip, Endeavour, to? then lying in the Galleons Reach, in the river Thames: on the 3d
fe^^^&^S °^ ^USU^ arrrvcd in the Downs; and then failed for Plymouth Sound, k.^%Si*Sjiil where we anchored on the 14th, and took on board fome more fea-men, with a few marines. Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Mr. Green, with their attendants, alfo joined us at this port •, and our number was then increafed to ninety fix. Having taken in fome more flores and guns, and made a few neceffary alterations in the fhip, on the 26th of Auguft we failed from Plymouth, with the wind at N. N. W. but it did not continue long in that quarter, but changed to S. W. where it held till the 2d of September, foon after which, we difcovered Cape Oitugal. From this time, till the 4th of October, we had variable winds, and then we law Cape Finiftere at about ten leagues diflance.
We continued our courfe, and met with no material occurrence till the 12th; then we difcovered Puerto Santo, about nine leagues off 5 foon after we faw the ifland of Madeira.; and, on the 13th, in the morning, anchored in Fonchiale feiy,
B This
This country Is very mountainous, yet it is cultivated to the very tops of the
mountains; and, being covered with vines, citrons, oranges, and many other fine fruit-trees, it appears like one wide, extended, beautiful, garden. During our flay on this ifland we refided at Fonchiale, which is the capital. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander lodged at the houfe of the Britifh conful, W. Cheap, efq. and made feveral excurfions into the country.
A great part of the bed provifions ufed on this ifland are imported from England and other parts of Europe, efpecially fuch as are eaten at dinner; from whence alfo they import mofl of their utenfils and wearing-apparel j fo that many of the neceffaries of life bear a very high price amongfl them0.
While the fhip lay in this harbour, we had the misfortune of lofing Mr. Ware,, the chief-mate, who was a very honeft worthy man, and one of our befl feamen. His death was occafioned by an unlucky accident which happened to him while he flood in the boat to fee one of the anchors flapped.   The buoy-rope happenings to entangle one of his legs, he was drawn overboard and drowned before we could lend him any afliftance.
Having taken in a fupply of'water, wines, and other necefTaries, on the 19th of September we proceeded on our voyage, with the wind at E. S. E. and on the 22d faw the iflands of Salvages, at about two leagues and a half diflance. They lie between Madeira and the Canaries, are fmall and uninhabited..
On the 23d we fell in with the trade-winds at N. E. and on- the fame day difcovered the peak of TenerifFe.
On, the 24th we failed between that peak and the grand Canary iflands. In our paffage we faw fome land birds,, and caught two of. them3 which were very much like our water wag-tail.
On the 29".h, we had a view of the ifland of Bona Vifla, at about four leagues
diflance*.
Nothing.
Nothing material occurred from the 29th to the 7th of October; then we had variable winds, with fome mowers of rain ; and the dampnefs of the air greatly affected all our iron utenfils. We caught two fea fwallows, and feveral curious marine animals, of the molufca tribe, fuch as fea-worms, flar-fifh, and fea urchins.
On the 21ft, we reached the S. E. trade wind, and continued our courfe without any remarkable occurrence till the 8th of November i then wc difcovered land at about eight leagues diflance, and fpokc with the crew of a Portugueze riming veffel, of whom Mr. Banks bought a great quantity of fifh, among which were dolphins and breams, which afforded much fpeculation to our naturalifls. After having left the veffel, we flood in for the land, which proved to be the Brazils; and coafled along the fhore till the 13th, and then failed into the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, which lies in latitude 220 56' fouth, and longitude 420 45' weft; but before we arrived in the harbour, the captain had fent Mr. Hicks, the nrfl lieutenant, and the chief mate, in the pinnace, to the viceroy, to obtain a pilot; however, as the wind was fair, the captain ventured to continue failing on, and was affifled by fignals from the forts.
The viceroy detained the lieutenant and the mate, and fent back the pinnace with three ofhis own officers in it (of which one was a colonel) but no pilot. The colonel told <us, that our officers would only be detained till the fhip fhould be examined, according to cuflom : we therefore flood forward into the harbour, and anchored near the north end of llhos dos Scobros, or Snakes Ifland j but the colonel would not permit any of us to go afhore.
Our lieutenant had been inftructed to evade anfwering any quefhons tne Portugueze might afk him refpeeting our deftmation; or at leaft to anfwer them with referve ; the captain thought fuch queflibns would be impertinent, as our veffel Was a fhip of war; and the lieutenant obferved thefe directions.
The viceroy held a council, the refu^t of which was, to prohibit any perfon ■coming on fhore from our -fhip; but they condefcended to order all neceffiry
B 4 Supplies
fupplies to be fent to us. We were difpleafed on receiving this intelligence, as we had expected to have met with agreeable entertainment on more. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander appeared much chagrined at their difappointment: but, notwith^ ilanding all the viceroy's precautions, we determined to gratify our curiofity, in fome meafure, and having obtained a fufficient knowledge of the river and harbour* by the furveys that we had made of the country, we frequently, unknown to the centinel, flole out of the cabin window at midnight, letting ourfelves down into a boat by a rope; and, driving away with the tide till we were out of hearing, we. then rowed to fome unfrequented part of the more, where we landed, and made? excuifions up into the country, though not fo far as we could have wifhed to have done. The morning after we went amore, my eyes were feafted with the pleating, profpects that opened to my view on every hand. I foon difcovered a hedge in. which were many very curious plants in bloom, and all of them quite new to me.-There were fo many, that I even loaded myfelf with them. We found alfo many curious plants in the fallading that was fent to us; and dented the people that brought it to procure us, if pofiible, all the different forts that grew upon the • ifland.
We had plenty of fim from the markets every day, of which they are furnifhed with a great variety.
We often picked off fome curious molufca from the furface of the fea; and alfo land infects of feveral kinds alive, which floated round the fhip upon the water*
The country, adjacent to the city of Rio de Janeiro, is mountainous, full 0f wood, and but a very little part of it appears to be cultivated. The foil near the river is a kind of loam, mixt with fand ; but farther up in the country we found a fine Mack mould. All the tropical fruits, fuch as melons, oranges, mangoes, lemons, lime?, cocoa nuts and plantains, are to be met with here in great plenty. The air, it feems, is but feldom extremely hot, as they have a breeze of wind from, the fea every morning.;, and generally a land wind at night *.
*•■ S. Parkinfon had not been idle from the lime he left England, having, as appeared by a letter fiom him to his brother, finifhed 100 drawings on various fubjects, and taken fketches of many more; which he intended to have finifhed if he had lived to.rcturn.
Oca
On the 7th of December, 1768, our neceffary provifions, and other fupplies, having been taken on board, we left the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, coafting along the Brazils, and met with nothing worthy of note till the 22d of the fame month, except, that in coming out of the harbour, Mr. Flowers, an experienced feaman, fell from the main fhrouds into the fea, and was drowned before we could reach him.
On the 22d, we faw a great many birds of the procellaria- genus-, in latitude 390 37' S. and longitude 490 16' W.and we alfo met with fhoals of porpoifes of a very fingular fpecios« -
On the 23d of December, we obferved an eclipfe of the moon ; and about feven. in the morning a bright cloud in the weft, from which a ftream of fire proceeded :.. it bore away to the weftward, and about two minutes after we heard two loud explofions like that of.a cannon.; and then the cloud foon difappeared.
On the 24th, we caught a logger-head tortoife, which weighed one hundred; and fifty pounds j and mot feveral birds, one of which was an albatros, that mea— fured, from the tip of one wing to the other, nine feet one inch ; and from the beak to the tail two feet one inch and a half. Some time after, we met with fome birds of the fame kind that meafured fourteen feet from the tips of the wings.
The thermometer, in the middle of the day, was from 66 to 69 •, and in the evening 62, when the air was not fo dry. .
On the 29th, we.faw feveral parcels of rock weed ; and, from this time to the 30th, the weather was very unfettled; the wind fometimcs blowing very hard >, at others only a moderate gale; and then quite calm.
For feveral evenings, fwarms of butterflies, moths, and other infects, flew about the rigging, which we apprehended had been blown to us from the fhore.. Thou-fands of them fettled upon the veffel; Mr- Banks ordered the men to.gather them
\
up ; and, after felecting fuch as he thought proper, the reft were thrown overboard ; and he gave the men fome bottles of rum for their trouble.
-W« <™\wJ) v>tb9 Loa ,*K>tfrroiq VsfaoM w-,8d^irmhnc^Q lo ril^ *t! ri<3*
On the 31ft-, we had much thunder, lightening, and rain, and faw feveral whales: we faw alfo fome birds about the fize of a pigeon, with white breafts and grey beak?.
On the 4th of January, 1769, we faw a cloud which we took for Pepy's Ifland, and made toward it till we were convinced of our miflake. The air at this time was cold and dry, and we had frequent fqualls of wind.
On the 6th, we faw feveral penguins, with many other fea birds; and, on the 7th, had an exceeding hard gale of wind from S. W. in latitude 510 25' S. and longitude 62* 44' V/. We fuppofed ourfelves not far from Falkland's Iflands, but, not knowing their longitude, we could not fo readily find them.
From feveral circumflances which occurred on the 8th, it was concluded that we had failed between Falkland's Iflands and the main land; and were in hopes of touching at the former place, from which we defigned to have forwarded fome letters to Europe.
On the ut'h, we difcovered Terra del Fuego; but, having contrary winds, and being apprehenfive of danger from the foulnefs of the ground, which We difcovered by founding, we kept out at fea.
On the ]6th, the wind changing in our favour, we approached the land; and at length anchored in Port Maurice's Bay, fituated in latitude 54* 44' S, and longitude 66° 15' W. Some of our principal people went afhore, and found feveral pieces of brown European hroad cloth, in a hut that had been deferted by the natives. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander collected a great number of plants, {hot feveral birds, and returned to the fhip much pleafed with their adventure.
On the 17th we left Port Maurice's Bay ; and, at about one o'clock in the afternoon, anchored in the bay of Good Succefs.
We
We had not been long arrived before fome Indians appeared on the beach at the head of the bay; the captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went on fhore, and foon after returned on board with three of them, whom we cloathed in jackets\. gave them fome bread and beef, part of which they ate, and carried the remainder with them afhore : We gave them alfo fome rum and brandy j but, after tafting it,, they refufed to drink any more, intimating, by figns, that it burnt their throats. This circumftance may ferve to corroborate the opinion of thofe, who think that water is the moft natural, and befl drink for mankind, as well as for other animals.
One of the Indians made feveral long orations to the reft; but they were utterly unintelligible to every one of us. Another of them feeing the leathern cover of a globe lie in the cabin, found means to fteal it, and fecrete it under his garment, which was made of a fkin of fome animal, and carried it afhore, undifcovered; where he had no fooner arrived, than he {hewed his prize to the very perfon it. belonged to, and feemed to exult upon the occafion, placing it upon his. head, and was highly delighted with it.
The natives make a very uncouth and favage appearance, - [fee pi. I.] having broad flat faces, fmall black eyes* low foreheads, and nofes much like thofe of negroes, with wide noftrils, high cheeks, large mouths, and fmall teeth.. Their/ hair, which is black and ftreight, hangs over their foreheads and ears; which, mofl:; of them had fmeared with brown and red paint; but, like the reft of the original; inhabitants of America, they have no beard.   None of them feemed above five-feet ten inches high;  but their bodies are thick and robuft, though their limbs are fmall.   They wear a bunch cf yarn made of'guanica's * wool upon their hcads91 which, as well as their hair, hangs down over their foreheads.   They alfo wear the fkins of guanicas and of feals, wrapped round their moulders, fometimes leaving, the right arm uncovered.   Both men and women wear necklaces, [fee pi. XXVL.. fig. 14] and other ornaments made of a fmall pearly perriwincle,, very ingeniouily plaited in rows with a kind of grafs.   We faw alfo an ornament made of fliellsj
* An animal fomething like a fheep, but of the. {ylz of a mule, and has a thitk-flcccc.
which*
8 A VOYAGE
Which was ten yards long. The fhells that compofed it were of feveral fizes; the largefl, about the fize of a damafcene flone, were placed at one end, from whence they gradually leffened to the other end of the firing, where the fhells were not bigger than a pepper corn. The larger ornaments are worn about their waifls. Many of both fexes were painted with white, red, and brown, colours, in different parts of their bodies; and had alfo various dotted lines pricked on their faces. The women wear a flap of fkin tied round their loins; and have alfo a fmall firing round each ancle: they carry their children on their backsj and are generally employed in domeflic drudgery.
Thefe poor Indians live in a village [fee pi. II.] on the fouth fide of the bay, behind a hill $ the number of their huts is about thirteen, and they contain near fifty people, who feem to be all the inhabitants of this dreary part of the ifland, where it is very cold, even in the midfl of fummer.
Their huts are made of the branches of trees, covered with guanica and feal fkins j and, at bell, are but wretched habitations for human beings to dwell in.
Their food is the flefli of feals and Ihell-nfh, particularly mufcles, of which we have feen fome very large.
They ufe bows and arrows with great dexterity. The former are made of a fpecies of wood fomewhat like our beech ; and the latter of a light yellow wood feathered at one end, and acuated at the other with pieces of clear white chryflal, chipped very ingenioufly to a point.   [See pi. XXVI. fig. 26.]
There are dogs upon this iiland two feet high, with fharp ears.
Having feen feveral rings and buttons upon the natives, we concluded that they muft have had fome communication with the Indians in the Streights of Magellan $ but they appeared to be unacquainted with Europeans.
The Bay of Good Succefs is about three miles in extent, from eafl to weft; two miles in breadth j is defended from eafl winds by Staten-land. Near the more it is
very
^///++K
very foul, and full of rocks; abounding with great quantities of fea weed. Th. foundings are regular from fourteen, to four fathoms j and, at the bottom of the bay there is a fine fandy beach.
During our ftay on this ifland, the naturalifts collected a great many plants, and other curiofities, mofl of which are non-defcript: but an unfortunate accident happened in one of their excurfiuns; Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Mr. Buchan, with feveral attendants, two of whom were negroes, went far up into the country, and at length afcended the hills, which they found covered with fnow, and the air upon them fo intenfely cold, that they ftaid but a fhort time.   On their return, they miffed their way, and wandered about for a confiderable time, not knowing whither they went; but at length they found their former track.   While the naturalifts were fearching for plants upon the hill, two negroes and a failor, who were left to guard the liquor and provifion, having made too free with the brandy-bottle, were rendered incapable of keeping pace with the reft of the company, who made all pofhble fpeed, hoping to have reached the fhip before the day clofed in upon them, dreading the confequence of being expofed in a ftrange land, and an inhof-pitable clime ; but time, that waits for no man, brought on the night, which put an end to their hope?, and excited the mofl alarming apprehenfions: Being out of breath, fatigued, and difpirited, and almofl benumbed with cold, particularly Dr. Solander, infomuch that he was unable to walk, and was carried near two hours on their moulders ; and it was thought he would not have furvived the perils of the enfuing night.   In this haplefs fituation, they held a confultation on what was beft to be attempted for their prefervation, till the light of the morning fhould return-, and determined, if pomble, to kindle a fire, which they happily effected, gathering together fome wood, and, by the help of their fowling pieces, ant fome paper, fetting it on fire.   The cold was fo intenfe, that they found it would not be fafe to lie down, left they fhould fall afleep, and be frozen to death j wherefore they walked round it all night.   The three men who were left behind, bdng tired, fat down in the woods, and fell afleep, but one of them providentially foon awoke, ftarted up, and, being apprehenfive of the imminent danger they were in, attempted to roufe his companions, but they were too far funk into the fleep of death to be recovered.   In this forlorn fituation the man could not expect to fnr-vive them long, and therefore he fled for his life, hallooing as he went along, in
C hopes
hopes that fome of the company would hear him, which, after wandering fome time in a pathlefs wildernefs, they happily did, and anfwered him as loud as their enfeebled voices would admit: Overjoyed at the event, he refumed frelh courage, and, making toward the part from which the found proceeded, at length came up with them. Touched with fympathy for his companions, he told the company of the condition in which he left themand they were difpofed to have yielded them afliitance, but, it being almoft dark, there was not any probability of finding them, and the attempt would have been attended with the rifque of their own lives; they therefore declined it. However, the next morning, after break of day, they dif-patched the man in queft of his companions, whom he at length found frozen to death; but the dog that had been with them all the night had furvived them : he found him fitting clofe by his mailer's corpfe, and feemed reluctant to leave itv but at length the dog forfook it, and went back to the company ; they all fet out immediately towards the (hip, which they reached about 11 o'clock in the forenoon, to our great joy, as we had defpaired of their return..
Having furnimed ourfelves with wood and water, and let down our guns and lumber below deck, to be better prepared for the high giles which we expected in going round Cape Horn ; on the.2iff. of January, j769, we weighed anchor, and left the Bay of Good Succefs, and proceeded on our voyage through the Straits of Le Maire, which are formed by Cape Antonio on Staten-land, and Cape Vincent on Terra del Fuegoto the north; and on the fouth by Cape Bartholomew on Staten-land, and a high promontory on Terra del Fuego, pafhng between them, and are about nine leagues long, and feven broad.
The land on both fides, particularly Staten-land, affords a mod: difmal profpect, being made up chiefly of barren rocks and tremendous precipices, covered with fnow, and uninhabited* forming one of thofe natural views which human nature can fcarce behold without fhuddering. — How amazingly diverfified are the works of the Deity within the narrow limits of this globe we inhabit, which, compared: with the vait aggregate of fyftems that compofe the univerfe, appears but a-dark, fpeck in the creation ! A curiofity, perhaps, equal to Solomon's, though accompanied with lefs wifdom than was poffetfed by the Royal Philofopher, induced fome of
lit
TO    THE    SOUTH    SEAS. n
us to quit our native land, to inveftigate the heavenly bodies minutely in diftant regions, as well as to trace the fignatures of the Supreme Power and Intelligence throughout feveral fpecies of animals, and different genera of plants in the vegetable fyftem, " from the cedar that is in Lebanon, even unto the hyffop that fpringeth out of the wall:" and the more we inveftigate, the more we ought to admire the power, wifdom, and goodnefs, of the Great Superintendant of the univerfej which attributes are amply difplayed throughout all his works \ the fmalleft object, feen through the microfcope, declares its origin to be divine, as well as thofe larger ones which the unaflifted eye is capable of contemplating: but to proceed.
On the 25th, we faw Cape Horn, at about five leagues diftance, which, contrary to our expectations, we doubled with as little danger as the North Foreland on the Kentifh coaft; the heavens were fair, the wind temperate, the weather pleafant, and, being within one mile of the fhore, we had a more diftinct view of this coaft, than perhaps any former voyagers have had on this ocean.
The point of the Cape is very low ; and at the S. E. extremity there are feveral iiland?, called, by the French, Ifles d'Hermitage ; and near it are feveral ragged rocks. The Cape is in latitude 550 48' S. and longitude 670 40' W, We founded in fifty-five fadiom, and found round flones, and broken fhells.
On the 30th, we reached to latitude 6o* 2' S. and longitude 730 5' W. variation 240 54' E. This was our higheft fouthern latitude; and from thence we altered our courfe, fleering W, N. W. with but little variation, having pleafant weather, and lhort nights, until the 16th of February, when we had hard gales from W. by S. S. by W. and S. and we continued our courfe N. W. till the iothj between that time and the 20th, we had very copious dews, like fmall fhowers of rain.
On the 21ft, we faw a great number of tropic and egg birds, and (hot two of the former, which had a very beauteous plumage, being a fine white, mingled with a moil lively red: their tails were compofed of two long red feathers j and their beak' were of a deep red. We found ourfelves at this time in latitude 25* 2i' S. and longitude 120° 20' W. having fair weather, with a dry, ferene, and falu-brious air.
12 AVOYAGE
Continuing our courfe N. weflerly, between the Dolphin's firft and fecond track, on the 4th of April, about three o'clock in the afternoon we difcovered land ; and after two hours failing we approached near to it. It is a flat iiland, extending a great length from E. to W. defcribing the form of a crefcent 3 and has a fand-bank joined to it, on which the furf ran very high. In the middle of the ifland, there is a large fait lagoon, or lake; and at the eafl end of it are many palm trees. We faw clouds of fmoke afcend from different parts, proceeding, as we apprehended, from fires kindled by the natives, and defigned as fignals to us. Night came on before we could difcover the wefl end of the ifland; and not knowing but there might be more iflands, we lay-to all night, and the next morning we faw another in latitude 189 23', which, on account of a great fait lagoon in the middle of it, we called Lagoon-Ifle : Before noon we made another low ifland, which we called Thumb-cap Ifland. It flretched a long way, and is made up of feveral parcels of land joined together by reefs: it has alfo a lagoon inclofed with a reef, upon which we difcovered many canoes j fome having ten people in them, and others a leffcr number. As we failed along, the natives followed us, fome on the reef, others in canoes, and feemed defirous to have an intercourfe with us; but though we beckoned to them, they would not come off. They appeared to be very flout men; their complexion almofl black, with fhort hair, and quite naked, having long lances, or poles, in their hands. Some of them waded up to the neck in water to look at us, but they did not difcover any hoflile intentions. Their canoes had out-riggers, with mat-fails: and when we put away from the land one of them followed us.
Upon thefe iflands we faw a variety of verdant trees, amongfl which were fome palms; and upon the coaft, rocks of coral appeared above water. We difcovered fome of their huts, and feveral fires burning around them. The land formed a large femicircular bay, and the reef before it the fame figure; and the water was as fmooth as a mill-pond, and abounded with frying-fifh ; but, to our furprife, we could not reach the bottom of it with 130 fathom of line* at one mile diflanco from the fhore.
This
This day we alfo difcovered another low iiland, which we called Chain Ifland: It is of an oval figure, confuting of a ridge of coral and fand, with a few clumps of fmall trees, and had a lagoon in the middle of it. Thefe iflands were dedicated to the Royal Society.
In the morning of the loth, we faw Ofnabrug Ifland, bearing N. W. by W. half W, about fix leagues diflant, and, leaving it to the northward, at noon we difcovered George's Ifland from the main-top mafl head, and flood toward it.
The 12th, the fea being moflly calm in the forenoon, we could get very little, nearer land j but many of the Indians came off* to us in canoes (one of which was double, and had much carved work upon it) bringing with them cocoa nuts,, and apples, to truck for nails, buttons, and beads.   Thefe canoes were but juft wide enough for one perfon to fit in the breadth: to prevent them from overfetting, they place out riggers, upon the top of which is fixed a bamboe fifhing rod. The people in the canoes were of a pale, tawny, complexion, and had long black hair. They feemed to be very good-natured, and not of a covetous difpofition ; giving us a couple of cocoa nuts, or a bafket of apples, for a button, or a nail.
While we lay before thefe iflands, we had fqualls of wind, fome calms, and heavy fhowers of rain.  Toward night we opened the N. W. point, and difcovered the ifland named by the Dolphin's people, York Ifland, and called by the natives, as we afterwards learned, Eimayo.   A breeze fpringing up, we lay off and on all that night"; and, on the 13th, we made the ifland of Otaheite, called by the Dolphin's people George's Ifland, which is oppofite to York Ifland.   We entered fort Royal harbour, called by the natives Owarrowarrow, and anchored in nine fathom water, within half a mile of the fhore.   The land appeared as uneven as a piece of crumpled paper, being divided irregularly into hills and valleys; but a beautiful verdure covered both, even to the tops of the highefl peaks.   A great number of the natives came off to us in canoes, and brought with them bananas, cocoas, breadfruit, apples, and fome pigs; but they were errant thieves; and, while I wasbufied in the forenoon in trucking with them for fome of their cloth, (an account of which
will be given hereafter^) one of them pilfered an earthen veffel out of my cibin^ It
\\ as.
was very diverting to fee the different emotions which the natives expreffed at the manoeuvres of our (hip. They were very focial, and feveral of them came on board; fome of them remembered fuch of our people as had been there in the Dolphin, and feemed highly pleafed at our arrival. The captain and Mr. Banks went on more ; but they returned greatly difappointed, as they could not find the principal inhabitants, and perceived that many of their houfes had been taken down lince the Dolphin left them.
On the 14th, in the morning, a great number of the natives came to us, round a reef point towards the fouth, and were very troublefome, attempting to fteal every thing they could lay their hands upon : they brought with them only two or three hogs, which they would not exchange for any thing but hatchets. Among the reft who vifited us, there were fome people of diflincfion in double canoes: their cloaths, carriage, and behaviour evinced their fuperiority. I never beheld flatelier men, [fee pi. III.] having a pleafant countenance, large black eyes, black hair, and white teeth. They behaved very courfeoufly, and expreffed fome un-cafmefs at the conduct of the reft. We entertained them in the cabin, and then bent our fails, taking them with us for guides, till we had doubled the point, where we found a fine bay to anchor in. In the afternoon, a fmall party of us made an excurfion into the country, and the inhabitants followed us in great numbers. At length, being fatigued, we fat down under the {hade of fome lofty trees, the undulation of whofe leaves ren 'ered it very cool and pleafant. The high cocoas, and the low branching fruit tree?, formed an agreeable Contraftj while the cloud-topt hills, appearing between them, added to the natural grandeur of the profpecl:. The inhabitants ftood gaping around us while we feafted on the cocoa-nut milk, which afforded us a pleating repaft.
On die 15th, in the morning, feveral of the chiefs, one of which was very cor-
ori board from the other point, and brought us fome hogs; we presented them with a meet and fome. trinkets in return j but fome of them took the "rty of .' ie lightening-chain.   We wert afhore, and pitched
the-markee: Mr. Banks, the captain, and myfelf, took a walk in the woods, and
rides, and Mr. Green.   While we were walking,
and
/
and enjoying the rural fcene, we heard the report of fome fire-arms, and prefently faw the natives fleeing into the woods like frighted fawns, carrying with them their little moveables. Alarmed at this unexpected event, we immediately quitted the wood, and made to the fide of the river, where we faw feveral of our men, who had been left to guard the tent, purfuing the natives, who were terrified to the la ft degree; fome of them fkulked behind the bufhes, and others leaped into the river. Hearing the fhot rattle amongft the branches of the trees over my head, 1 thought it not f afe to continue there any longer, and fled to the tent, where 1 foon learned the caufe of the cataftrophe.
A centinel being oft his guard, one of the natives matched a mufket out of his hand, which occalioned the fray. A boy, a midfhipman, was the commanding officer, and, giving orders to fire, they obeyed with the greateft glee imaginable, as if they had been (hooting at wild ducks, killed one flout man, and wounded many others.. What a pity, that fuch brutality fhould be exercifed by civilized people upon unarmed ignorant Indians!
When Mr. Banks heard of the affair, he was highly difpleafed, faying, " If we quarrelled with thofe Indians, we fhould not agree with angels;" and he did all he could to accommodate the difference, going acrofs the river, and, through the mediation of an old man, prevailed on many of the natives to come over to us, bearing plantain-trees, which is a fignal of peace amongft them; and, clapping their hands to their breafts, cried Tyau, which fignines friendfhip.   They fat down by us; fent for cocoa nuts, and we drank the milk with them.   They laughed heartily, and were very focial, more fo than could have been expected, confidering what they had fullered in the late fkirmifh.— Have we not reafon to conclude, that their difpofitions are very flexible; and that refentment, with them, is a fhort-lived pafiion ?
The horizon not being clear, we could not make any aftronomical obfervations; and therefore did not attempt to go round the point to the other bay. The weather, however,, fince we arrived, here, has generally been clear,, with now and then a. flight fhower of rain, and the wind E. N. E-
Mr. Buchan was feized with an epileptic fit this morning, and remained infenfible all day.
On the i6th, but few of the Indians came to us in their canoes, being, we apprehended, fomewhat alarmed at what had happened the day before. We got the fhip moored; and Mr. Banks and the captain went afhore to confer with the natives, and to prevail on them to traffic with us again.
On the 17th, early in the morning, Mr. Buchan died, and we went out in the pinnace and long boat to the offing, and buried him.
Two of the chiefs came on board this morning, bringing with them a prefent of hogs, fowls, plantains, bananas, cocoas, bread-fruit and a fort of yams. At this feafon the cocoas are young, many of them yi elding a quart of fine milk, and the (hell is eatable, but they have no kernel.
We pitched one of the fhip's tents -J-, and went into the valley, where an Indian invited me to his hut, and fent his fon up a tall cocoa-tree to gather nuts: he climbed it very dexteroufly, by tying his feet together with a withe, then clafping the tree, and vaulting up very fwiftly. They admired every thing they faw about me, and I gave them a few trinkets.
On the 18th, in the night, we lay on fhore, and were much incommoded with a fpecies of flies with which the ifland (warms ; infomuch that, at dinner time, it was one perfon's employ to beat them off with a feather fly-flap, the handle of which is made of a hard brown wood, rudely carved, and fomewhat refembles a human figure.
f As we were to make the obfervation of the tranfit on this ifland, we built a temporary fort for our accommodation on fhore: [fee pi. IV.j It had a fofie, with palifadoes, next the river: guns and iwivels mounted on the ramparts j and within, we had "an obfervatory, an oven, forge, and pens for our fncep. Centinels were alfo appointed as ufual in garrifons, and military difcipline obferved. The fandy ground, on which the fort flood, was very troublefome when the wind was high,
On
B//C
On the 20th, one of their chiefs, named Tubora Tumaida, whom we called Lyeurgus, with his wife and fon, came to vifit and dine with us: While we were at dinner, one of his attendants made up a dim with fome garbage which they brought with them, mixing it with cocoa nut liquor in a fhell, and it tailed like fowens J.   This feemed to be a favourite dim with them, but we could not relifh it.   They have alfo a kind of food like wheat flour in appearance, of which Lyeurgus brought a fmall quantity, and mixed that alfo with cocoa nut liquor; and, dropping two or three hot flones into it, he ftirred it about till it formed a flrong jelly : on tailing it we found it had an agreeable flavour, not unlike very good blanc-mange.   Thefe people make up various kinds of pafle, one of which, called Makey Poe Poe, is made of fermented bread-fruit, and a fubftance called Meiya, mixt with cocoa-nut milk, and baked, tafles very fweet,   In making thefe pafles, they ufe a pcftle made oi a hard black (lone, a kind of bafaltes, with which they beat them in a wooden trough.   See pi. XIII. fig. jo.
The mode of drefling their food too is very Angular : they make a hole in the ground, and, placing flones in it, kindle a fire upon them ; and when they are fufficiently heated, they fweep off the afhes, and then lay their food upon them. At their mtals the married women ate apart from the men, and we could not prevail on them to join us. The men, efpecially, feemed to like the manner of our eating, and handled knives and forks very well. Hogs and fowls are not very plentiful amongft them j yams, and the heft bananas, are very fcarce in this ifland; the natives bring down but few of either fort, and eat of them very fparingly. When the natives want to make a fire, they take a piece of light wood, make a groove in it, and rub along that with another piece till the fmall dufl catches fire; This is very laborious, and requires a confiderable time to effect it.
On the 21ft/we went round the point, and met with Lyeurgus fitting on the ground, with his wife by his fide, having a canoe covering, which he brought there on purpofe to be near us: he gave.us a hearty welcome; and, to divert up, ordered two of his boys to play on their flutes, while another fang a fort of mclan-
% A kind of flummery made of oatmeal.
D
choly
lS AVQYAQp
choiy ditty, very well fluted to the mufic. Lyeurgus is a middle-aged man, of a chearful, though fedate, countenance, with thick black frizzled hair, and a beard of the fame kind: his behaviour and aipecl: had fomething of natural jnajeily in them. I {hewed him fome of my drawings, which he greatly admired, and pronounced their names as foon as he faw them. Thefe people have a peculiar method of flaining their garments : a girl that was prefent fhewed me the whole
procefs, which is as follows:-She took the young leaves of a convolvulus un-
foliated, and then broke off the tops of a fmall fig, of a reddifh hue, and fqueezed out of it a milky fluid, which (he fpread on a leaf, rubbing it gently to mix it with the juice of the leaf, and then it became red; this {lie foaked up with the leaf of a folanum, and then daubed it upon fome cloth: the colour is good, but whether it will Hand, I am unable to determine. They make a variety of neat bafket-work. [fee a figure of one of their bafkets, pi. XIII. fig. 6.] for holding of their colours; the fimplefl of all is made of the leaf of a cocoa-nut, which they plait together, and gather up on each fide : they alfo make a kind of bonnet [fee pi. VIII. fig. 4.] of the fame materials. They do not feem very fond of their cloaths, of which they have a variety of colours, but wear them fometimes one way, and fometimes another, as their humour is. Perfons of diftincf'on amongfl them wrap a number of pieces of cloth about them : and that which is of a carmine colour is only worn by the fuperior clafs. The people in general are very fond of ear-rings, and will exchange for them what they deem the mofl valuable of their effects. Some of their ear-rings [fee pi. XIII. fig. 13 and 14] are made of mother-of-pearl cut into various figures, which are tied to their ears by human hair, curiouily plaited by the women. They alfo tie three pearls together with hair, and hang them on their ears.   [See ibid, fig. 26.]
The cloth, worn by the natives of this ifland, is of a very Angular kind, being made of the bark of a fmall tree which contains a glutinous juice, fome of which we faw in our excurfions. The mode of manufacturing it is very fimple, though very laborious, and is moflly performed by women. After the bark has been foaked in water for a few days, they lay it upon a flat piece of timber, and beat it out as thin as they think proper with a kind of mallet of an oblong fquare, [fee pi. Xill. fig* 5.] each fide of which is cut into fmall grooves of four different fizes: they begin with that fide where they are the largeft, and end with the fineil, which
leaving
leaving longitudinal ftripes upon the cloth, makes it refemble paper. Thefe people have garments alfo made of matting, [fee pi. IX.] which are chiefly worn in rainy weather.
The rates, or terms, on which we trafficked with the natives, were a fpike for a fmall pig; a fmaller for a fowlj a hatchet for a hog; and twenty cocoa-nuts, or bread-fruit, for a middling-fized nail.
When the natives beckon to any perfon at a diftance, contrary to our mode they wave their hands downwards; and when they meet a friend, or relation, whom they have not feen for fome time, they affect to cry for joy, but it feems to be entirely ceremonial.
The tide rifes and falls fcarce a foot in the harbour; but the furf runs high. The inhabitants are very expert fwimmers, and will remain in the water a long time, even with their hands full. They keep their water on more in large bamboos, and in them they alfo carry up falt-water into the country. The boys drag for fifh with a fort of net made of convolvulus leaver; and fometimes catch them with hooks made of mother of pearl oyfters, large pinna marina, and other (hells ; and the fhapes of them are very fingular. They have alfo fbme made of wood, which are very large; [fee figures of feveral of them, pi. XIII. fig. 18, 19, 20, 2la 22, 23, 24, 25.] They fifh without bait, but the fifh are attracted the foonelt by fuch hooks as are made of glittering fhells. When they throw their hooks, they row the'r canoes as fa ft as poflible: fometimes they make ufe of a decoy made of the backs of cowries, and other fhells, which are perforated, and tied together in the fhape of a fifh, making a head to it with a fmall cowrey; and the tail is formed Of gfafs ingenioufly plaited. At a little diftance under this decoy, hangs the hook: [fee pi. XIII. fig. 15 and 25.] To fink their lines, they mike ufe of bone, or a piece of fpar, which they fometimes carve.   See ibid. fig. \6, 17.
The chief food of the natives is the bread-fruit and bananas, which they peel and fcrape with a fharp fhell; but they eat fparingly of flefh, and of fifh in general; but of the latter, fometimes alive, or raw; and, as they have no fait, they dip their meat into fait water.   The natives, it feems, are very fubject to the itch, and other
D 2 cuu~
cutaneous eruptions, which is the more to be wondered at as their diet confifls principally of vegetables. They often move from one part to another in their canoes, carrying with them all their houfehold fluff. Sometimes they fleep all night in their canoes *, but thofe ufed for that purpofe are made double, and have thatched awnings over them.
Tobiah, Obereah's favourite, being at dinner with us, and not feeming to like our provifion, which was pork-pie, remembering that we had a large cuttle fifh, we ordered it to be brought; Tubora Tumaida coming in the mean time, although he faid his belly was full, immediately feized on it as if it had been a dainty morfel, and, with another man, ate much of it quite raw; and having the reft roafled, he ate the greatefl part of it j the remainder he put into two cocoa nuts, and fent it home with great care ; fo that, to all appearance, they value this fifh, as much as fome Englifhmen do turtle, or a haunch of venifon. When this fifh was dreffed it ate like flewed oyflers, but not fo tender. I have been told that this fifh makes excellent foup. Thefe people alfo are fond of dog's-rlefh, and reckon it delicious food, which we difcovered by their bringing the leg of a dog roafled to fell. Mr. Banks ate a piece of it, and admired it much. He went out immediately and bought one, and gave it to fome Indians to kill and drefs it in their manner, which they did accordingly. After having held the dog's mouth down to the pit of his flomach till he was flifled, they made a parcel of flones hot upon the ground, laid him upon them, and finged off the hair, then fcraped his fkin with a cocoa fhell, and rubbed it with coral; after which they took out the entrails, laid them all carefully on the flones, and after they were broiled ate them with great gout; nor did fome of our people fcruple to partake with them of this indelicate repafl. Having fcraped and warned the dog's body clean, they prepared an oven of hot flones,., covered them with bread-fruit leave?, and laid it upon them, with liver, heart and lungs, pouring a cocoa-nut full of blood upon them, covering them- too with more-leaves and hot flones, and inclofed the whole with earth patted down very clofe to keep in the heat. It was about four hours in the oven, and at night it was ferved up for fupper: I ate a little of it; it had the tafle of coarfe beef, and a flrong dif-agreeable fmell -y but Captain Cook, Mr.. Banks, and Dr. Solander, commended it highly, faying it was the fweetefl meat they had ever tailed; but the reft of our people could not be prevailed on to ate any of it.   We have invented a new difh,
which
* The women fometimes row the canoes*
which is as much difliked by the natives, as any of theirs is by us. Here is a fpecies of rats, of which there are great numbers in this ifland ; we caught fome of them, and had them fried; mofl of the gentlemen in the bell-tent ate of them, and commended them much; and fome of the inferior officers ate them in a morning for breakfafl.
On the 27th, we faw a very odd ceremony performed; Tiropoa, one of Tubora Tumaida's wives, after weeping, and expreffing fome emotions of forrow, took a mark's tooth from under her cloaths, and llruck it againfl her head feveral times, which produced a copious difcharge of blood; then, lamenting mofl bitterly, fhe articulated fome words in a mournful tone, and covered the blood with fome pieces of cloth; and, having bled about a pint, fhe gathered up as much of it as fha could, threw it into the fea, and then affumed achearful countenance, as if nothing had happened. This, it feems, is a ceremony generally performed by widows after the deceafe of their hufbands.
This morning a woman, a fat, bouncing, good-looking dame, whom we found the queen, having a great quantity of their cloth of all colours, made us a vifit, and a prefent.
Tootahau, the king of the ifland, whom we called Hercules, too, and all his family, came and brought us prefents, which we kindly accepted.
On the 30th, the weather being fair, we made a tour in the country, which was very pleafant, and met with feveral rare plants, which afforded much agreeable amufement to our botanical gentlemen..
On the 2d of May, we miffed the aflronomical quadrant, it having been brought on fhore the day before, in order to make obfervation of the tranfit of Venus -.feveral men were immediately difpatched into the country to fearch for it; and they were informed, by fome of the natives,, that it had been carried through the woods to the eaflward. The captain, Mr. Banks, and Mr. Green, with fome other of our men, Tubora Tumaida, and a few of the natives, all armed* fct out in purfuit ef it. Tootahau, the king, and feveral canoes, were detained till they returned. While they were on this expedition, 1 walked out to the. eafl,. in the evening, and
was
was alrnoft ftunned with the noife of the grafhoppers, with which this ifland abounds. At length I came to a large open place, on the fide of which I faw a long houfe ; and in the area many of the natives afTembled, having brought with them large bafkets of bread-fruit: fome of them were employed in dividing them, and others carried away whole bafkets full; fothat it had the appearance of a market of breadfruit. Near to this opening, there was another long houfe, where, it feems, they co!oured their cloth, of which I bought a few pieces, and returned to the fort. About eight o'clock in the evening, the party, that went out in queft of the quadrant, came back, having happily obtained it by the afliftance of Tubora Tumaida. Some of the natives had taken it to pieces, and divided it amongft them, but had done it no material damage. It was ftolen by a man named Moroameah, fer-vant to Titaboreah, one of their chiefs. They alfo found a piftol, which one of the natives had ftolen fome time before. Tootahau wept while the party was abfent, and was much alarmed on the occafion, apprehending that he fhould be killed if the quadrant could not be found ; and had fent for two hog? to appeafe us. Obo-rcah, the queen, fled from us > nor would any of the natives come to market. When Tubora Tumaida, and his party, who accompanied Mr. Banks, returned, and faw Tootahau confined, they fet up the moft doleful lamentation imaginable; but they were foon pacified by the aflurances made them that we defigned them no injury.
Oji the 4th, very few people came to market with provifions, having been intimidated by the detention of their king Tootahau.
Some of the natives gave us an account of many neighbouring iflands, to the number of nineteen, and fhewed us one of them from a hill, which was Yoole Etc a.
Moft of the natives of this ifland fmell ftrong of the cocoa oil, and are of a pale brown complexion, moftly having black hair, and that often frizzled ; black eyes, flat nofc, and large mouth, with a chearful countenance ; they all wear their beards, but cut off their muftachios, [fee pi. VIII. fig. I'.] are well made, and very fturdy, having their bellies in general very prominent; and are a timorous, merry, facetious, hpfpitable people. There are more tall men among them than among any people I
have
TO    THE    SOUTH    S  E A  5. 23
have feen, meafuring fix feet, three inches and a half j but the women in general are fmall compared with the men. [See pl.V.] They mutt be very honefl amongft them-felves, as every houfe is without any fattening. Locks, bolts, and bars, are peculiar to civilized countries, where their moral theory is the beft, and their moral practice* too generally of the worft ; which might induce a celebrated writer to conclude, though erroneoufly, that mankind, upon the whole, are necefTarily rendered worfe, and leis happy, by civilization, and the cultivation of the arts and fciences. Nature's wants, it is true, are but few, and the uncivilized part of mankind, in general, feem contented if they can acquire thofe few. Ambition, and the love of luxurious banquets, and other fuperfluities, are but little known in the barbarous nations: they have, in general, lefs anxious thought for the morrow, than civilized; and therefore feel more enjoyment while they partake of heaven's bounty in the prefent day. Unaccuftomed to indulgences in cloathing and diet, which Europeans have carried to an extreme, they are lefs fubject to difeafes; are more rebuff; feel lefs from the inclemencies of the feafons; and are, in conftitu-tion, what the ancient Britons were before their civilization. Unhappily for us, the athletic conftitution of our anceftors is not to be found amongft us, being enervated by excelTes of various kinds; while difeafes, the effect of intemperance and debaucheries,, contaminate our blood, and render them hereditary amongft our offspring.
The natives huts are inclofed by a low fence made of reeds j and the ground within them is very neatly bedded with a kind of ftraw, upon which they lay mats to fleep on -r and, for a pillow, they have a four-legged ftool, joined at the bottom,, which is made out of a folid piece of wood ; and the only tools they have to work with arc made of ftones, or fhells, as they had no iron upon the iiland until the Dolphin arrived. [See pi. XI1L fig. 7.]
Thefe huts are built at a confiderable diftance from each other ; Co that the ifland looks like one continued village, and abounds with cocoa*, bread-fruit, and apple-trees ; the fruit of which drops, as it were, into their mouths; and may be the caufe that they are an indolent people: Were they inclined to induftry, provifions might
* I {aw fome ftalksof cocoa-nuts which were as heavy as I GQuli lift, which furprifLJ me the more *s the italics were very flemlcx.
be
be found in greater plenty amongft them ; and, by proper cultivation, the fruits of the ifland would not only be increafed, but their quality might be improved. They feem, however, as contented with what is Xpontaneoufly produced, as if they had attained to the ne plus ultra, and are therefore happier than Europeans in general are, whofe defires are unbounded. When the men are at work, they wear only a piece of cloth round their middle, which they call maro: at other times they wear garments which they call purawei, and teepoota about their bodies, with a kind of turban on their heads; and, in walking, they carry a long white ftick, in one of their hands, with the fmalleft end uppermoft,
Thefe people go to war in large canoes, at one end of which there is a kind of ftage erected, fupported by four carved pillars, and is called tootee.   Their weapons are a kind of clubs, and long wooden lances.   They have alfo bows and arrows.   The former are made of a ftrong elaftic wood.   The arrows arc a fmall fpecies of reed, or bamboes, pointed with hird wood, or with the fling of the ray-nth, which is a fharp-bearded bone.   [See pi. XIII. fig; 13,]   They alfo make ufe of flings, [fee ibid. fig. 1.] made of the fibres of the ba>k of fome tree, of which, in general, they make their cord-igc too: fome of them, as well as their flings, are neatly plaited.   Their hatchets, or rather adzes, which they call towa, are made by tying a hard black ftone, of the kind of which '.hey make their pafte-bcaterf, to the end of a wooden handle; and they look very much like a fmall garden hoe: and the ftone part is ground or worn to an edge.   [See pi. XIII. fig. 9.]   The making of thefe ftone-inftruments muft be a work of time, and laborious, as the ftone of which they are made is very hard.   The natives have mar os, or pieces of cloth, which reach up from the waift, to defend them from the lances, or bunches of hair curioufly plaited.   They alfo wear teepootas upon their heads, and taowmees, or a kind of breaft-plate, hung about their necks; [fee pi. XI,] large turbans too, in which they ftick a fmall bunch of parrot's feathers j [fee pi. XIII. fig. 12.] and fometimes ufe what they call a whaow, which is a large cap of a conical figure.   In their heivos, or war-dances, they aiTume various antic motions and geftures, like thofe practifed by the girls when they dance taowree whaow,* playing on a clapper made of two mother-of-pearl fhells; and make the ephaita, or wry mouth, [fee pL VII. fig. 2.] as a token of defiance: they alfo join their hands together, moving them at the fame time, and clap the palms of their
hands
* A kind of diverfion,
5399999
36
13
6
hands upon their breads near their (houlders. When they fight in their boats, they generally throw a firing to one another to fatten the canoes together ; and the men who are employed in doing this are never (truck at *f\
The natives cut their hair in various forms. When their neareft relations die, fome of them cut it off entirely, and go bare-headed ; others leave a border all round the head ; and others cut it into circles; while fome have only a circular piece cut off the crown like a prieft's tonfure; others ftill prefer another mode, leaving the hair upon the crown of the head, and cut off all the reft. All this they perform with a mark's tooth, which cuts it very cl}fe: they alfo (have with a fhark's tooth fitted to a piece of coarfe fliell. The natives are accuftomed to mark themfelves in a very lingular manner, which they call tataowingj [fee pi. VII. fig. 1.] this is done with the juice of a plant; and they perform the operation with an inftrument having teeth like a comb, dipped in the juice, with which the fkin is perforated. [See pi. XIII. fig. 2, 3, and 4.] Mr. Stainfby, myfelf, and fome others of our company, underwent the operation, and had our arms marked : the (lain left in the fkin, which cannot be effaced without deftroying it, is of a lively bjuifh purple, fimilar to that made upon the fkin by gun-powder. Thefe people have invented a mufical inftrument, fomewhat like a flute, [fee pi. XIII. fig. 8. and pi. IX.] which they blow into through their nofes; but their notes, which are but very few, are rude and ungrateful. Their dances are not lefs fin-gular than their mufic; for they twift their bodies into many extravagant poftnres, fpread their legs, fet their arms a-kimbo, and, at the fame time, diftort the mufcles of their faces, and twift their mouths diagonally, in a manner which none of us could imitate.   [See pi. VII. fig. 2.]
Polygamy is not allowed amongft them; but the married women have not a very delicate fenfe of modefty : thtir hufbands will allow you any liberty with their wives, except the laft, which they do not approve. Moft of our fhip's company procured temporary wives amongft the natives, with whom they occafionally co • habited; an indulgence which even many reputed virtuous Europeans allow themfelves, in uncivilized parts of the world, with impunity; as if a change of place
f We faw two men who had been pierced through the fkull by ftones from a fling; the wounds vttxt healed up, but had left a large operculum.
2 altered
26 A VOYAGE
altered the moral turpitude of fornication: and what is a fin in Europe, is only a fimple innocent gratification in America; which is to fuppofe, that the obligation to chaftity is local, and reftri&ed only to particular parts of the globe.
It is cuflomary for the women to wear garlands of flowers on their heads, [fee ph. VIII. fig. t, 2.] which are compofed of the white palm-leaves gathered from the fpathas from which the flower proceeds. They alfo gather a fpecies of gardenia, as foon as they open, and put them in their ears. Both fexes are very cleanly; they wafh themfelves in the river three times a day; and their hands and teeth after every meal.
The children of both fexes are remarkably kind to one another, and, if any thing be given them, will, if poffible, equally divide it amongfl them.
On the fifth, the captain and Mr. Banks, with fome others, went to the weft, and waited upon Tootahau, and fome other of the chiefs, who, it was fuppofed, had taken affront, as the people did not bring fruit, as ufual, to market. They received them kindly, and entertained them with wreftling and dancing: when they returned to the fhip, Tootahau, their king, came along with them, brought a barbecued-hog, and the captain made him a prefent.
On the fixth, being the next day, the natives brought their fruits to market as ufual.
In walking through the woods we faw the corpfe of a man laid upon a fort of bier, which had an awning over it made of mats, fupported by four flicks y a fquare piece of ground around it was railed in with bamboos, and the body was covered with cloth.   Thefe burial places are called Morai,.
This day we alfo faw them poli filing their canoes, which was done with the ma-drepora fungites, a fpecies of coral, or fea muihroom, with which they alfo polifh the beams of their houfes.
On
F0
On the 8th, Mr. Mollineux went in the long-boat to the eafl: to buy fome hogs, but could not get any: the people told them that they belonged to Tootahau, which evinced the fuperiority of that man.
We faw a man this day of a very fair complexion, with ruddy nofe and cheeks,' having the hair of his head, beard, eye-brows, and eye-lafhes, quite whites info-much that he was a lufus naturae amongft them.
On the 13th, as Mr. Banks fat in the boat, trading with them as ufual, we faw a very odd ceremony performed: — Some ftrangers came up, to whom the reft gave way, making a lane for them to pafs through: the firft perfon in the pro-ceffion prefented Mr. Banks with a fmall bunch of parrot's feathers, with fome plantain, and malapc-leaves, one after another. A woman paffed along the next, having a great many clothes upon her, which (lie took off, and, fpreading them upon the ground, turned round, and expofed herfelf quite naked: more garments being handed to her, by the company, (lie fpread them alfo upon the ground, and then expofed herfelf as before ; then the people gathered up all her clothes, took leave, and retired. •
On the 14th, we faw a perfon who had the appearance of an hermaphrodite.
On the 15th, we had but a flight fea breeze, and the weather was very fultry, though the clouds hung upon the mountains, and we expected fome rain ; wc had fome puffs of wind from the mountains, that raited the fand in little clouds, which covered every thing, and rendered our fituation ftill more difagreeable. In the evening we faw a remarkable large ring round the moon.
On the 16th, it rained very hard, and there were two rainbows. We hauled the Sein in feveral diftant places, but caught no fifh.
On the 17th, the centinel fired at one of the natives, who came before it was light with an intent to fteal fome of the calks, which was the fecond offence; but the powder flafhed in the pan, and the man efcaped with his life,
E 2 °n
On the 20th, but few of the natives came to market, having been prevented by the rain.
On the 22d, it rained very hard, accompanied with thunder and lightening, more terrible than any I had ever heard, or feen,, before. It rained fo hard that the water came through the markee, and wetted every thing in it; and we were much afraid the fhip would have fuffered by the florin, but (he providentially efcaped.
On the third of June, it being very fair, the aftronomers had a good opportunity cf making an obfervation of the tranfit. Mr. Banks, and a party, went to Eimayo; and another party to the eafl, to make obfervations at the fame time. Mr. Banks returned with two hogs, which he got from the king of Eimayo.
*y* The following calculation of the Tranfit, being found amongft Sydney Parkinfon's papers, as alfo a table of the rifmg and falling of the Thermometer, between the 27th of April, 1769, and the 9th of July following, they are here iubjoined for the information of the curious*
CALCULATION
CALCULATION of the
Sun's Meridian Altitude on the 2d of June
3d ditto
June the 3d, 1769. Error
TRANSIT.
8 no Error; 50 7
49 59 of 16
H. M. S.
8 48 5° 5^
8 53 55 56
8 57
58 59
9 25 27 28
9 29
29 30
9 3'
32
9 10
4i
19
7
>9
36 37 44
48
46
23
*5
46
29
13 4 43
Sun's Altitude-	D,	M.	H-.	M.	S..	Sun's Altitude-,	D.	M
before the firft								
external Contact.								
Firft Set.	28	42	2	45	18	Firft Set.	32	47
	29	5		46	3<		32	34
	29	21		47	35		32	22
Second-1 Set.	29	36	2	48	39	Second Set.	32	12
	29	57		49	44		31	56
	30	13		50	33>		31	49
Third Set.	3°	27	2	5i	33	Third Set.	3i	39
	3°	37		52	28		3*	29
	3°	47'		53	35	Before the fecond	3*	16
Before the firft								
Internal Contact.						external Contact.		
Firft Set.	35	20	3	13	39'	Firft Set.	27	35.
	35	34			36		27	24
	35	47		15	35		27	14
Second Set.	35	55	3	16	33	Second Set.	27	3
	36	2		7	25		26	53
	36	9		18	19		26	43
Third Set.	36	13	3	19	14	Third Set.	26	34
	36	*3		20	14		26	21
	3.6	29		21,	1		26	12
After the firft						After the fecond		
Internal Contact.						external Contact.		
Firft Set.	38	9	3	32	3	Firft Set.	24	5
	3«	25		33			23	5*
	38	3i		34	3^		23	36
Second Set.	3.8	42	3	35	31	Second Set.	23	25
	38	54		36			23	11
	39	8		37	3^		23	
Third Set.	39	*7	3	38	29	Third Set.	22	55-
	39	25		39	58		22	3*
	39	3*		4'	5		22	21
9  42 56
43 52
45 25
9  46 32
47 59
49 27
9   50 27
52 6
2d internal Contacl ?.
ift external \° ^ 10 1 ft internal o 39 30 2u ditto , 3 o 57 3d -xteinal    3 29 5^
Altitude in the Morning..
Time  H. M. S.
7 42.29 o 4S 20 o 46 38.
Sun's Altitude
D. M.
'5 5*' 16 25, 1.6 40 The
The Rising and Falling of the THERMOMETER.
April, 1769. Thurfday 27 Friday Saturday Sunday
May. Monday Tuefday Wednefday Thurfday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuefday 9 Wednefday i o Thurfday 11 Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuefday Wednefday Thurfday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuefday Wednefday 24 Thurfday 25 Friday Saturday Sunday Mond ay Tuefday Wednefday 31
June. Thurfday
28 29
3°
1
2
3 4
5
6
7 8
32
16
*7
18
J9
20
21
22
23
26 27 28
29
30
M.	N.	A.	June.	
68	82	60	Friday	2
68	84	7°	Saturday	3
70	85	68	Sunday	4
69	86	70	Monday	5
	851		Tuefday	6
70		77	Wednefday 7	
79	91	79	Thurfday	8
78	9i	80	Friday	9
70	9i	79	Saturday	10
72	9l	79	Sunday	1 1
69	86	80	Monday	12
72	91	80	Tuefday	J3
7*	86	77	Wednefd.	14
70	85	78	Thurfday	*5
70	85	78	Friday	16
70	86	81	Saturday	17
74	87	79	Sunday	18
75	86	78	Monday	*9
77	87	78	Tuefday	20
74	85	80	Wednefd.	21
74	85	79	Thurfday	22
72	87	791	Friday	23
73	89	79	Saturday	24
72	82	y6	Sunday	25
72	73	73	Monday	26
72	85	74	Tuefday	27
70	72	75	Wednefd.	28
69	86	77	Thurfday	29
70	87	79	Friday	3°
72	82	78	July.—Sat. 1	
73	83	81	Sunday	2
75	85	8t	Monday	3
7l	86	80	Tuefday	4
7*	86	78 .	Wednefday 5	
70	84	76	Thurfday	6
70	84	78	Friday	7
			Saturday	8
71			cunday	9
M.
74 74 74
73
72
69
72 72
72 72
74
72 70
72
72
70
69 70
69 67
74 67 70
71
67
76 70
7° 74 70
70
72 76
73 72
N.
84
£6 86
*7
83 81
77 82
83
87
87
*3 81
8a
83 86
86
86
85 84
79 84
85
80
82
7*
85 84
88
88
83 83 3
b3
A.
78
78
77 76
79 78
77
79 78
*l
79 77
77 68
74 76
77 76
76
74
76
75 76
77
78
78 78 80
78 78 77 78
78 76 70
Dr.
Dr. Solander, Mr. Banks, and feveral others, went to vifit Tootahau, to fee if they could obtain any hogs; and, after going much farther than where he ufually refides, they met with him, and queen Oboreah : they treated them with fair pro-mifes, and invited them to ftay the night with them, which they accepted ; but, in the m.>rning, fome miffed their (lockings, others their jackets and waiftcoats i amongft the reft, Mr. Banks loft his white jacket and waiftcoat, with filver frogs $ in the pockets of which were a pair of piftols, and other things: they enquired for them, but could get no account of them ; and they came away greatly diffatif-fied, having obtained but one pig.
On the 12th, we received an account from the natives reflecting two mips that had been on their coaft j and we gathered from them that the crew were Spaniards, and that they had introduced the lues venerea amongft them J.
On the 15th, the oven-rake was ftolen, which, joined to the ether things that had been pilfered from us by fome of the natives, and the infolent treatment Mr. Monkhoufe met with, determined the captain to feek redrefs ; he feized twenty-feven double canoes, with fails, which happened to be at the point, in the morning,, fome of which came from another ifland; and he threatened to burn them if the ftolen things fhould not be returned. Before noon they brought back the rake> but we had no account of the reft ; and the canoes were ft ill kept in cuftody, Tootahau was much difpleafed, and would not fuffer any of the natives to fupply us with bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, or apples. At this time the weather was very wet; P, Briicoe, one of Mr. Banks's fervants, was very bad of a nervous fever, and we had but little hopes of his recovery, having been, by a long courfe of ficknefs, reduced to very great weaknefs; and, in this hot climate, it is a long time before an European recovers his ftrength, as I have known by experience.
On the 19th, in the evening, after dark, Oboreah, the queen, and feveral of her attendants, came from Opare, Tootahau's palace, in a double canoe, laden with plantains, bread-fruit, and a hog; but brought none of the ftolen things with
ri er> fhi|-s, we afterwards learned at Batavia, were fitted out by the French, and commanded by
M, Bou^amyille,
themA
them, pleading, that Obade, her gallant, had ftolen them, and was gone off with them. Mr. Banks received her very coolly; nor would fuffer them to lie in the markee, he being already engaged ; and the captain refufed their prefents, at which the queen appeared very forrowful. Mr. Banks and the reft, went to-bed ; and the whole tribe of the natives would have lain in the bell-tent, but I would not fuffer them, and fent them away. The next morning they returned to the tent, and captain Cook altered his refolution, and bought fome of their fruit. The queen behaved very haughtily, yet Mr. Banks agreed they mould he in his markee in the day-time. Two of her attendants were very affiduous in getting thcmfelves hufbands, in which attempt they, at length, fucceeded. The furgeon took one, and one of the lieutenants the other : they feemed agreeable enough till bed-rime, and then they determined to lie in Mr. Banks's tent, which they did accordingly: but one of the engaged coming out, the furgeon infixed that fhe fhould not fleep there, and thruft her out, and the reft followed her, except Otea Tea, who whined and cried for a confiderable time, till Mr.Banks led her out alfo. Mr.Monkhoufe and Mr, Banks came to an eclairciffement fome time after ; had very high words, and I expected they would have decided it by a duel, which, however, they prudently avoided. Oboreah, and her retinue, had gone to their canoe, and would not return ; but Mr. Banks went and (laid with them all night.
This day, the princefs Tetroah Mituah's canoes were taken, laden with prefents for us; but, as captain Cook knew fhe was innocent, he let her have her canoes again.
On the 21ft, in the morning, many of the natives came to us with prefents of various kinds; but, though called prefents, they were all paid for. Our tent was nearly filled with people'; and, fjon after, Amoa, who is chief of feveral diftricts on the other fide of the ifland, alfo came to us, and brought with him a hog. As foon as he appeared, the na:ives uncloathed themfelves to the waift; which mark of obeifance to their mperiors we had not obferved before, but judged it was ufually fhewn to every perfon of diftinguifhed rank amongft them. This man Oboreah called her hufband, and Toobaiah his brother; but there is little regard to be paid to what they fay. A woman, called Teetee, came from the weft, and presented a very fine garment to the Captain, of a bright yellow in the ground,
bordered
bordered with red: in the middle of it were many crones, which we apprehended they had learned from the French.
On the 23d, in the morning, we miffed one of our men, a Portugueze, whom we had taken in at Rio de Janeiro ; enquiring among the Indians, we learned that he was at Opare with Tootahau ; and one of them offered to go and bring him back to uc, which he accordingly did the fame night.    The account which he gave on his return wac, That three men came to him crying Tyau, which is the watch-word, amongft them, for friend fhip, and then carried him from the fort, and dragged him to the top of the bay, where they Gripped him, forced him into a boat, and took him to Opare, where Tootahau gave him fome cloaths, and perfuaded him to flay with him.   This account we believed to be true, for, as foon as is was known.amongft the natives that he was refcued, all of t himin the bell-tent moved off, and went to Opare in great hafle, being apprehenfive that we fhould reck our revenge on them.
On the 26th, the captain and Mr. Banks fet out to make a furvey of the ifland, and began with the well fide.
On the 27th, we law a favourite game, which the young girls divert them-felves with in an evening; dividing themfelves into two parties, one flanding oppo-fite to the other, one party throws apples, which the other endeavours to catch. The right of the game I am not acquainted with ; but now-and-then one of the parties advanced, (tamping with their feet, making wry mouths, A raddling with their legs, lifting up their cloaths, and cxpofing their nakednefs; at the fame time repeating fome words in a difagreeable tone. Thus are they bred up to lewd nets from their childhood, many of them not being above eight or nine years of age.
The 28th ; this evening the captain and Mr. Banks returned from their weftern excurfion. And,
On the 29th, early in the morning, they fet out for the eafl part cf the ifbnd, to make a furvey of it.
F
Pro virions
Provlfions of all kinds were, at this time, very fcarce ; and fome of the inhabitants almoft famifhed. This fcarcity was principally occafioned by fupplying us too liberally with bread-fruit, which obliged the inhabitants to eat chee, roafted, in its (lead, which taftes much like our chefnut: but, as the bread-tree was full of young fruit, we were in hopes that they would foon have another crop to relieve them.
On the firft of July, in the evening, the captain and Mr. Banks returned from furveying the ifland, which they found to be larger thin they expected, and brought with them feveral hogs, and could have obta ned more with more hatchets. In their tour round the ifland, they difcovered that it confifts of two peninfulas, connected by a low marfhy ifthmus, through which Mr. Banks fuppofed canoes might be drawn. From Port-Royal, whuh is fituate at the weft end, the coaft extends E. by S. about nineteen miles to a reef of three fmall iflands, forming a bay, called Society-Bay. From this the land inclines into a deep bay, at the ifthmus or juncture of the two divifions, of which the fmall eft is nearly oval, and furrounded by a reef, which runs parallel to the fhore at about two miles diftance : This has feveral apertures, cr pafTages, which afford fafe anchorage within. The north fide of the ifland is likewife defended by a fimilar reef; but the ground w:thin is foul, and unfafe for veftels of burthen. The whole length of the iiland is about fifteen leagues; and its circumference forty leagues. Befides the above-mentioned, they faw feveral other bays; fome of them very good, and one, in particular, in which a large fleet might have rode with eafe and fafety: the name the natives give it is Pjpara.
They alfo learned, that the ifland is divided into two principalities, one of which, comprehending the largeft peninfula, is called Otaheite Nooa, or Great Otaheite? the other, comprehending the fmalieft peninfula, is termed Otaheite Eetee, or Little Otaheite. The former of thefe divifions is alfo called Oboreano, in honour of of queen Oboreah, who is regent of it. The other divifion is alfo governed by a woman named Tetdeedej flic is younger than Oboreah. The people of the two divifions do net feem to be upon good tenns, having but little communication with each other.
In their voyage they alfo faw a large monument, of a pyramidal form, of po-lifhed {tone, which they were told was the morai of Oboreah and Oamo, and the people there faid they were brother and fitter.
On the 6th of July, in the evening, a young woman came to the entrance of the fort, whom we found to be a daughter of Oamo. The natives complimented her on her arrival, by uncovering their moulders. We invited her to the tent, but (he did not accept of it.
On the 9th, two of our marines being enamoured with a girl, one of the natives deferted from the fort, and fled to the weft part of the ifland, and intended to have ftaid there. On the fame day one of the natives ftole a knife from one of our failors, and wounded him with it in the forehead, almoft through his ikull:—a fray enfued, and the Indians ran away.
On this day, Mr. Banks and Dr. Monkhoufe went many miles to a valley toward Orowhaina : at length they came to a waterfall, and could proceed no farther. At this fpot the mountains were almoft perpendicular j and from feveral parts of them hung fome ropes, defigncd, as was apprehende.l, to afTift'thofe who mould attempt to afcend them in times of fcarcity, to get fayhee, or wild plantain. The ftones and foil, on fome of the higheft mountains, appeared as if they had been burnt, or calcined: and, on the lower ones, where I have been, the earth is a fort of red-ochre covered with various plants, but chiefly with fern.
Moft of the materials which compofed the fort having been taken down, and put on board the fhip, we prepared to fet fail.
On the 10th, hearing no tidings of the two men who deferted us, werefohe.i to feize feveral of the principal people, and detain them till we could recover them: we alfo fent a party in the pinnace who apprehended Tootahau, and brought him to the fhip ; Upcn which Oboreah, and feveral other of the chiefs lent out their fcrvants, who returned in the evening with one of them, and re-
F 3 ported
36 AVOYAGE
ported that the Indians had detained one of our officers who commanded the party fent out after him; alfo one of the men who accompanied him, and, having feized their arms, ufed them very roughly; upon which the marines were difpatched in the long-boat after them, taking with them fome of the natives. In the mean time, the natives, whom we had made prifoners, not knowing what would be their fate, were much alarmed; but the next morning the marines returned with the men that had been detained, with the others that had deferted ; and the natives, whom we had imprifoned, were releafed. After making ftrong profeflions of friendfhip, they left us; and, as foon as they reached the fhore, bent their courfe, as faff, as pofuble, to Opare, fhewing tokens of difpleafure as they went along.
During our ft ay here, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were very afliduous in collecting whatever they thought might contribute to the advancement of Natural Hiftory; and, by their directions, I made drawings of a great many curious trees, and other plants; fifh, birds, and of fuch natural bodies as could not be conveniently preserved entire, to be brought home.
The following catalogue exhibits fome of the principal botanical fubjects, natives of this place, made ufe of by the inhabitants.
PLANTS
PLANTS of Ufe for Food, Medicine, gfc. in Otaheite.
Native Name. Latin Name.
T e at e a- mao w a, Jafminum-didymum.
Grows upon the hills; has a very fweet-fmelling white flower, which the natives admire much.
E ava.       *" Viper-inebrtans.
The expreffed juice of this plant they drink to intoxicate themfelves.
E to. Saccharum-dulcis. Of this cane they make no fugar, but content themfelves with fucking the juice-out of it.
E mohoo. Cyperus-alatuu The ftalks of this p'ant, ftripp^d of their pulp, which they perform with a fharp fhell, make a fort of thread ufed for feveral common purpofes.
Tai hi nn oo, Tcumefortia-fericea. E tow. Cordia-fcbeftena. The leaves of thefe two plants are ingredients in their red dye, or mattee, for their cloth.
E marra. Nauclea-orientaKs* Of the timber of this tree they build their large canoes.
E teea-ree. Gardema-florida* This was orig'nrd \ brought from fome other iiland to Otaheite, and there planted on account of as mo1'- flagrant flower, which they crop as foon as grown and flick in their ears, calling t E teea-ree, that is, the flower, by way of eminence.
Tac wd eeh ao w. Convolvulus- alatus*
The ftalks of this plant they give young children to fuck,
E oomarra,;
E oomarra, Convolvulus-chryjorizus, Planted and cultivated by the natives, on account of its root, which is the fweet potatoe of the South-fea Iflands.
Pohooe. Convolvulus-Brafilien/is:
Of this plant they make a fort of feine, which they ufe in fuch ground where they cannot ufe another.
E maireeo, Galaxa-oppofiti-folia* The leaf of this plant is one of the ingredients in their manoe.
E deva, or E reva. Galaxa-fparfa. This plant has a pretty large white flower like that of an oleander.   Of the wood of this tree they make their pahaoos, or drums.
E booa, or E pooa. Solanum-latifolium. The leaves of this plant they ufe in making their red dye or mattee.
Pouraheitee. Solanum-viride. The leaves of this plant, baked, are eaten as greens.
E nono. Morinda-citri-folia. The root of this tree they ufe to dye their garments yellow, and eat the fruit of it.
E tee. Draccana-terminalis. Of this plant there are five different forts, yielding a large root, which is eaten, and counted very good food, by the iflanders of the South-feas.
Tootaoopa. Loranthus-jlelis. This plant is remarkable for nothing except its name, which fignifies the Oopa, or pigeons dung ; that bird feeds on the berries, and voids the flones on the trunk of trees, where it grows.
E peea. Chaltea-tacca. The root of this plant, properly prepared, mikes an excellent llrong jelly, like to blanc-mange, of the nature of falop, for which it is very jufljy admired by thefe iflar.ders.
Tawhannoo.
Tawhannoo. Guettarda-fpeciofa* The timber of this tree, which grows pretty large at Toopbai, and other low iflands near Otaheite, ferves to make (tools, chefls, pafle-troughs, and various other utenfils ; they alfo build canoes of it.
E awaow. Daphne-capitata. This plant is ufed to poifon fifh, in order to catch them; and, for this purpofe, they beat or mafh it together and throw it into the rivers and fea within the reefs.
E owhe. Arundo-bambos. This is the common bamboe, of which thefe iflanders make great ufe; the large joints they keep to hold water and oil; of the fmall they make arrows, flute?, cafes to hold fmall things; and, when cut into flips, they ferve them for knives, and cut tolerably well.
E motoo. Mclaftoma-malaba'hnca. This plant is one of thofe which they hang up n their whatta-note-toobapaow, or burial-fland, to be eaten by the foul of the deceafed.
E hee, or E ratta. Amotum-fagiferum. This is a tall and flately tree which bears a round flat fruit, covered with a thick tough coat, and, when roafled and flripped of its rind,   eats as well as a chefnut.
E avee. Spondias-dulcis. This is a large {lately tree, and often grows to the height of forty and fifty feet: the fruit, which, 1 believe, is peculiar to thefe ifles, is of an oval fhape, yellow when ripe, and grows in bunches of three or four, and is about the fize of a middling apple, with a large flringy core: it is a very wholfome and palatable fruit, improving on the tafte, which is nearefl that of a mangoe ; it is ftrongly impregnated with tu pentine, and makes excellent pies when green. The wood ferves for build in j canoes, and for feveral other purpofes.
Pounr-o, and e;>r-oataroorroo. Cratava-frcndcfa.
The fruit of this fhrub they lay upon their corpfes, and hang it upon their burial
whattas,
wbattas, it having an agreeable bitter fmell: it is one of thofe which are facred to their god Tane, and, for that reafon, is generally planted in, or by the fmall Morais, called Morai Roma Tane, which are a fort of altar near the houfes, upon which they offer victuals.
E peereepeeree. Euphorbia-develata.
This plant is full of a milky juice, with which they dye their garments of an indifferent brown colour.
E aowiree. Terminal'a-glabr at a. This tree, which grows to a large fize, is often planted in their Morais, and near their houfes, for the fake of its agreeable fhade; the wood ferves to build canoes, make chefts, flools and drums: the kernel of the nut which is in the fruit, though fmall, has a very pleafant tafte.   [See pi. X.]
E ratta, or e pooratta. Mctrofideros-fpeclabilis. This tree, or fhrub, grows upon the Tooaroa, or Lower-hills, and is much reforted to by the venee, or fmall blue parrot, which feeds upon the flowers, and is often caught here, by means of a glewy juice which ifliies out from the tops of the ftalks, when broke by their feeding upon them, and catches them like birdlime : the flowers are full of beautiful fcarlet flamina; the natives flick them in their ears by way of ornament; and the leaves are put in their monoe, when they can get nothing fweeter.
E arrarooa. Pfidium-myrtifolium. The only ufe they make of this tree, which has a flower like a myrtle, is to make their totos or clubs, and ewha's, or a fort of lances, being very tough: they call it an eraow paree, or the cunning tree.
E heiya. Eugenia-mallaccen/is, This tree grows upon the lower-hills, having great clutters of crimfon flowers, full of flamina of the fame colour, much like an almond-blofTom, but more brilliant: the fruit, when ripe, is red, and as big as one's fiflj fweet, very agreeable to the palate, and full of feeds: it is very well known in the EaflJndia iflands, where it is efieemed delicious fruit.
Tamanno.
T am a n n o. Calophyllum-inophyllum. This is a moft beautiful verdant tree, that grows to a large fize, bearing fpikes of white flowers: with the juice of the fruit and leaves they dye their garments a pale yellow, which, at the fame time, gives them a rich perfume. The wood is greatly valued by them on account of its beauty and duration. They build canoes, make ftools, and other utenfils of it: it is moft likely planted in the Morais, being facred to their god Tane.
E poo-aiho. Saccharum-fatuum. With bundles of this grafs, lit up, they allure the fifh to the edges of the reefs, carrying them in their hands at night.
E atoorree. Portulacca-lutea. This fort of purflain grows very common in the low iflands, where the inhabitants bake and eat it, and account it very good food.
E hootoo. Betonica-fpkndida. This beautiful tree grows to a confiderable height, and bears a very large and fpecious white flower, full of long purple ftamina, with which they fometimes deck their heads, and fometimes ftick them in their cars : the fruit, powdered, they throw into the water to kill fifh ; and of the wood they build fmall canoes.
E pooamattapeepee. Bcflcria-laurifolia. The flower of this tree is much admired on account of its fweet fcenr, for which reafon they ftick them in their ears and hair, and put them among their garments, and into their monoe.   The wood is very tough and lafting, and of it they make drums, and thwarts acrofs their canoes.
E neearohettee. Stachys-dentata, or riiellia-fragrans.
The juice of this plant, mixed with feveral others, they ufe as a plaifter to cure any fort of wound?.
E noonanoona. Boerhavia-procumbens. The ftalks of this plant are eaten when they have no better food.
G E ava-
E ava-vaidai. Ptper-latifolium. The juice of this plant has not the intoxicating quality of the other, fo that they prudently make an offering of it to their Eatooas, on whofe altars they hang
bunches of it*
E pooraow. Hibifcus-cufpidatits* The bark of this tree yields an excellent fluff for making all forts of twine, cord, and ropes. Of the wood they make their bows, beams and pillars of their houfes, J'niall canoes, flools, and various other utenfils. Of the bark of the plant, when young, they weave a fort of matting, which is very neat, and is called by the fame name as the tree. The wood that remains after the bark is taken off, being very light, ferves, inftead of cork, to float their feins, and for handles to their fifgjgsy and to rub together to get fire..
E pooraow-toro-ceree. Hibifcus-tricufpis, This plant is pretty much like the lafl, and is ufed for the fame purpofes, but is inferior in quality.
E aiowte. Hibifcus-rofa-finenjis: This tree is admired on account of its beautiful fea'let flower, of which the young people make garlands for their hair, flick, them in their ears, and rub their lances with them to make them look red..
E wawei.. Goffipium-reiigiofum: This is a fpecies of cotton of which, they have not yet found out the ufe.
E meerro.: Thefpcfia-populnea. This beautifuL tree is planted in all Morais, being held facred to Tane: they alfo make ufe of it as an emblem of peace; and always bring it in their hands when they meet with ftrange people.   It yields a. middling fort of timber, and is made ufe of for feveral purpofes.
E peereeperee;- TJrena-hhata* The feeds of this plant are of the nature of a burr, from whence its name, to glue or flick to any thing.   The boys play the fame tricks with it as the children in Europe with, the burr.  .They alfo make maro's,, or a fort of mat of the bark.
Jkrdse^
Berdeebeedeeo. Abrus-pricatorius. The feed of this plant it the well-known Indian pea with a black fpot: of thefe they form ear-rings, and alfo ftick them on a fillet which they wear on their head.
E atai, erythoina. Corallodendron. This is a large tree, and remarkable for its bright fcarlet flower, making a moft beautiful fhow.   The venee feeds upon its flowers, and is caught with the clammy juice that iffues out of it; the women make garlands of them, and put them round their heads.
E owhaee. Mfchynomene-fpeciofa. This fhrub grows wild, in great abundance, on the ifland of Toopbai; and is planted on the other iflands to fhade their houfes; and the flower of it, which is very beautiful, they often ftick in their ears.
E hora. Galcga-pifcatoria. With this plant, beaten fmall, they poifon or ftupify fifh, throwing it into the water, by which means they are caught.
E peepee. Phafeolus-amcenus. The ftalks of this plant make a very good thread for weaving nets and feins. Of the flowers, which are very pretty, they make garlands for their heads.
E vaeenoo. Cotula-bicolor.
E tooho. EpipacJis-purpurca; Both thefe plants, bruifed, are ingredients in their Erapaow-mai, or plaifter to cure fores.
Taro. Arum-efcukntum. The roots of this plant, of which there are feveral varieties, are as good as Ignames, and are reckoned very wholefome common food in the South-fea iflands. The leaves, when baked, tafte as well as greens.
E ape. Arum-cojlatum. The root of this plant is as good as the lift, but considerably larger: the leaves, which are very fmooth and extremely large, are ufed to wrap up, or lay any fort of victuals upon,
G a Etoa-^
E toa-cafuarina. Equifetifolia. This is one of the heft woods they have; it is very hard and heavy, and coloured like mahogany.   They make their clubs, lances, cloth-beaters, and feveral other knick-nacks and utenfils of it.
Tboneenna. Hernandia-ovigera. Of the wood of this tree they make a fort of very fmall canoes, and' feveral other neceuary utenfils.
E hooe-rorro.. Cucurbit a-prurum.
The fruit of this tree is about the fize of a fmall orange, very hard, and quite round, ferving them, inflead of bottles, to put their monoe or oil in.
Moemoe. Vhyllanthus-anceps* The only thing remarkable about this plant is the Leaves, which fhut up at night, from whence its name, which fignifies lleepy.
E aowte. Morus-papyriferus. This is the fhrub from which they make their finefl and mod: beautiful cloth; and is probably the fame with that of which they make paper in China. The never let it grow old, but cut it down when it is about a man's height, flripping the bark off, and laying it to foak in water. Of this they make their cloth either thick or thin as they pleafe.. They plant it in beds4 and take great pains in the cultivation of it*
E roa. TJrtica-argentea, or TJrtica-eandicans.
Of the ftalks of this nettle, beaten out, they make their befl lines for their fifn> hooks, which has the quality of not rotting with falt-water.j they alfo make belts, or girdles, of it* but very feldom garments 5, their beft feins are alfo made of it..
E tootooe. Tchpaa-pcrfpicua. Of the bark of this tree, foaked in water, they make that gummy fubfTance-which they put upon their dark-coloured cloth to make itglofly, and keep out the rain. The fruit of this tree is a fort of nut, which yields a very fat kernel, of which they make their black dye,, ufed in Tataowing, by burning them and receiving the fmoke-. Strung upon a reed or flick they ferve inilead of candles,, and give a very good light,.
Eooroci,
E ooroo. Sitodium-altile. This tree, which yields the bread-fruit fo often mentioned by the voyagers to the South-feas, may juftly be ftiled the StafF-of-life to thefe iflanders j for from it they draw moll: of their fupport.   This tree grows to between thirty and forty feet high,, has large palmated leaves, of a deep. grafs-green on the uppei-fide, but paler on the under; and bears male and female flowers, which come out tingle at the bottom or joint of each leaf.   The male flower fades and drops off; the. female, or duller of females, fwell and yield the fruit,, which often weighs three: or four pounds, and is as big as a perfons head when full grown.   It is of a green-colour; the rind is divided into a number of polygonical fedtions ;  the general fhape a little longer than round, and white on the infide, with a pretty Urge core. The fruit, as well as the whole plant, is full of a white clammy juice, whieh iffues. plentifully from any part that is cut: it delights in a. rich foil, and feldom grows, if ever, on the low iflands v. it is a very handfome tree to look at, of a beautiful verdure, and Well cloathed with leaves, bearing a vafl quantity of fruit, which* appears to hang in bunches, and,, by its great weight, bends down the branches:. it bears fruit a great part of the year,, and there are feveral forts of it, fome frnallcr and others larger, which are ready to pluck at different feafons.   They generally pluck it before it is ripe, ufing a long (lick with a fork at the end of it for this purpofe ; and, before they roaft it, fcrape all the rind off with a fhell ; and then, when; large, cut it in quarters ; and, having prepared one of their ovens in. the ground, with hot flones in it, they lay the fruit upon thele, having previoufly put a layer of the leaves between, and then another layer over them, and, above that, more hot flones, covering up the whole clofe with earth, and, in two or three hours time, it. is done ; it then appears very inviting, more fo than the fmeft loaf I ever faw;> the infide is very white, and the outfide a pale brown ; it taftes very farinaceous, and is,', perhaps, the mofl agreeable and befl fuccedaneum for bread ever yet known, and, in many refpecls, exceeds it.   When thus baked, it only keeps three or four days, another contrivance being ufed for keeping it 3 they take the baked fruit, cut out all the cores, and, with a done-mallet, rnafh it to a pulp in a wooden trough, or tray.   This pulp they put in a hole that is dug in the ground and lined with leaves; this is clofe covered up, and left a proper time till it ferments and become* four, at which time they take it up, and make it into little loaves, which they wrap up in the leaves, and*, in. this flate^ it is bakedand. called by them rnabe*
audi
and will keep feveral months, being eaten when bread-fruit is out of feafon, and carried to fea with them; and of it they form feveral forts of pafte, fuch as pepe, popoee, &c. which are ufed by them at their meals. The leaves of this tree are very ufeful to wrap fifh and other eatables in, when put into the oven to be baked. Of the wood they build canoes, and make feveral other forts of utenfils ; and, of the bark of young plants of it, which are raifed on purpofe, they make very good cloth, which is but little inferior to that made of Eaowte, only fomewhat more harm and harder.
E avvharra. Pandanus-tcc~lorius. This tree generally grows on the fandy hillocks by the fea-fide, and is found iji great plenty on all the low iflands j the leaves are long, like thofe of fedge, fawed on the edge; the flowers are male and female, growing upon different trees ; thofe of the male-flower fmell very fweet; and, of the braclea of them, which are white, they make a fort of garlands to put round their heads j the fruit is orange colour, and as big as one's head, confilling of a congeries of fmall cones, like thofe of the Anana, or Pine-apple, which they much refemble : the bottom of thefe cones, fucked when full ripe, yield a flat infipid fweetnefs, and are eaten by the children ; but the chief ufe of this tree is in the leaves, which, when plucked and dried, make excellent thatching for their houfes, and various forts of mats and bafkets.   This is the Palmetto of the eaflern voyagers.
E mattee. Ficus-tinSloria. The figs of this tree are one of the chief ingredients in their red-dye for their garments : when they ufe them they nip or bite off the ftalk clofe to the fruit, at which time a fmall drop of milky juice iffues out; this they either fhake upon the tow-leaves, ufed in this dye, or elfe into a cocoa-nut fhell, with a little water, or cocoa-nut milk; and then dip the leaves into it, which they roll up in a fmall bundle, and work orfqueeze them between the palm and their fingers, till the red colour is produced by the mixture of the two juices; but, what is very odd, thefe leaves being beaten in a mortar, and the juice taken from them and mixed with the fig-milk, will not produce the fame colour. Of the bark of this tree very good twine is made, which is of particular ufe for making of feins, and other nets.
E aowa;
E aowa. Ficus-prclixa. This tree is remarkable on account of its trunk, which grows to an enormous fize, by the branches hanging down, and taking root again, which makes a very grotefque figure. Of the bark of young plants, raifed on purpofe, they make a fort of cloth, naturally of a ruflet-hue, which they call Ora, being worn in the mornings, and much valued by them, efpecially that which is beaten very fine and thin.
E toee. Zezyplooides-argentta, The wood of this tree they make ufe of for various purpofes, fuch as flerns of canoes, heightening boards for ditto, and beams to beat their cloth upon.
E apeeree. JDodontra-viJcofa. The wood of this tree, which is very tough, ferves to make a particular fort of weapon, which they carry in their hand when they dive after marks, and other large fiflv
E tive. IDracontiiim-poIyphyUum* The root of this is ufed to make a jelly like the Peea, but is not. near fo good.
Meiya. Mufa-paradifaica, This is the well-known tropical fruit called Plantains, and Bananas, of which-there is a great variety in thefe iflands : they reckon more than twenty forts which, differ in fhape and taffe j fome of thefe are for eating raw, and others belt boiled, and will ferve inflead of bread ; they plant them in a rich foil, and take great pains, in their cultivation.
Faihe. Mufa-bihai. This is another fort of Plantains, which generally grow wild in the mountains,, and fometimes are planted by them j. they are far inferior to the lafl, have a confiderable aflringency, and eat befl boiled or roafled. There are four different forts, and the leaves of this and the lafl, ferve to put victuals upon j and. the rind of the trunk to make a fort of bmfkets called. Papa-meiya.
E aree.. Coccus-nucifen1
This palm, the fruit of which is fo well known in. all places within, the tropics,, feems to be a native of thefe iflands,, being, found.every where in the greater:-.plenty,.
and.
4$ A       V    O    Y    A    G E
and in the greater! perfection, efpecially on the two low iflands, called by them Motoos: thefe are many of them uninhabited, and are reforted to for the fake of the cocoa-nuts, which grow to a very great fize on thefe iflands; they love a findy foil, and thrive much near the fea-fide on the riling of the hills: they are fmaller, and later in growth ; they begin to bear when they are about ten feet high, and yield fruit feveral times in the year, and continue growing till they are fo very tall, that they, by far, overtop all the reft of the trees: the leaves grow all at the top, from which the fruit hangs in feveral clufters of twenty or thirty, fo enormoufly heavy, it is amazing how the flender ftem of this tree can fupport them : when they have a mind to gather any for prefent ufe, they fend up a boy who ties his feet together with a firing, and vaults up to the top with great eafe; when there, he gets them off the flalk by fcrewing them round, and then flings them down, taking care to give them a twirl firft otherwife they would fall to the ground with fuch force, from fuch a height, as would fplit them, and lofe all the liquor. When they have a mind to gather the whole bunch, they cut it off, and lower it down with a rope ; the way of opening them for prefent ufe is with their teeth, with which they pull off the outer rind, and then break the fhell with a ftone j but when they have many to peel, they do it by driving them upon a pointed fliek, which is fixed in the ground for that purpofe. Some forts of thefe nuts will not keep at all; and other forts, when pulled ripe, and properly dried and cured, will keep good a whole year: upon thefe racemi, or bunches, are ripe fruit, thofe that are half ripe, and others juft fet at the fame time. The ufes of this tree are many to the iflanders of the fouth feas; the fruit, when-half ripe, yields about a pint to a quart of one of the mofl refreshing and agreeable liquors in nature : this delicious beverage they often put amongft their paftes and puddings, and delight much to warn their mouth and hands with a little of it ; the fhell is, at this time, very foft, and is often eaten together with a little of the rind, but in no great quantities, it being apt to occafion poftivenefs) as the fruit grows older, the milk turns »h.cker, mure lufcious, and waftes away ; the kernel begins to form round
•e, like a white tfanfpareiit jelly, and is very nice eating in this flate. When he kernel is hard and white, about half an inch thick, and eats as well '■ nutj but the liquor is very indifferent, and, in a little time, waftes away )f the kernel they make two forts of puddings, called Poe, and Etooo,
. roafled alone; they diiu make a fauce for fhh of it, cdled Taiyero, by
fteeping
TO    THE    S O  U T II    SEAS. 49
fleeping the kernel in fea-water, and often fhaking it, till it is almoft diffolved ; but the greateft quantity is ufed in making monoe, or oil, to anoint their hair; for this purpofe they grate the kernel very fmall, then put it into a wooden tray, or trough, cover it, and fet it in the fhade, and, as the oil falls to the edges, they take it up with a fhell, and put it into a calabafli for ufe ; it fmells very rank, for which reafon they put it into a quantity of fcented woods and plants j but after all it fmells very heavy, and is apt to give an European the head-ach. The fhell is ufed for their drinking cups, veffels to hold water, and to put their victuals in; and, for this purpofe, they make them fmooth by rubbing them with coral. The fnell of the ripe ones is black, and the others brownifh white j the outer-rind, after being foaked in water, and well beaten, is drawn out into threads, of which they make variety of plaited-line for girdles, to frap their flutes, for flinging their calabafhes, and has the quality of not rotting with fait-water : with this fluff they alio calk their canoes; and, in the Eafl-Indies, they mike cables of it; of the leaves they make bonnets, and bafkets to put their bread-fruit and apples in : the liber of the young leaves, which are very thin and tranfparent, they tie up in bunches, and flick in their hair by way of ornament: the brown fkin, which covers the leaf, before it is unfolded, ferves alfo for various purpofes; and the wood of this tree anfwers all other common purpofes very well.
E papa.
Of the leaves of this tree, which* are very white and glittering, when dried, they make their evanne-matting, much admired for its beauty.
E howira.
This grows chiefly in the low iflands; of the fplit leaves they make their heft mats for garments, to fit, and fleep upon.
E yciyei.
This plant is of the nature of ofier ; of the ftalks of it they work their round bafkets, which they call Heenei, and in which they keep their victuals, and all their utenfils.
Doodooe-awai & Oheparra. With thefe they dye their poowhirre, or brown cloth.
h Fatarar,
5° AVOYAGE
Patarra.
An eatable root, which I did not fee.
E nioee.
A fine eatable fruit, of a red colour, which I did not fee*
E apatahei. An elegant flower, which I alfo did not fee.
Oowhe note Maowa. Diofcorca-alata. This plant produces the root fo well known by the name of Ignames, all over the Eafl and Weft-Indies: they have feveral forts of it, but that which grows upon the hills is the beft.
E nahae.
This is a fern, which has an extraordinary fweet fmell, and, for this reafon, it is ufed by the better fort of people to fleep on.
E ahei.
The wood of this tree, has a very rich and delicious fmell; is of a yellow colour, and is the principal ingredient ufed in perfuming their monoe, being grated fmall, and put to foak amongft it; as it is very fcarce, it is in great requeft amongft them 3 we could never get a fight of the tree, but were told it grew on the mountains. They have various other vegetables with, which they perfume their monoe, and likewife their cloaths: the names of thefe are, Pooeva, Maiteeraow, Annee, Noon--na, Ehaee, Amea, and Matehooa.
E atoo.
A.plant of which they make mat garments..
A Vocabulary
A Vocabulary of the Language of OTAHEITE.
Aree,	A chief.
To aree,	A fecondary chief.
Toomeite,	A fuperior officer.
Taowaa,	A prieft.
Eiya,	A centinel.
Tootuai,	A trader.
Teine,	A dependant, or tenant.
Tatta maowreea,	A poor man that gets his livelihood by labour,
	as a fifherman.
Taow taow,	A menialfervant.
Tata,	People.
Midee,	A child.
Earee,	A boy.
Aheine,	A woman.
Mituatane,1	Father.
Mituaheine,	Mother.
Tooboonah,	A grand-father.
Teine,	A brother.
Tooaheine,	A fifter.
Tooanah,	An elder brother, or fjler.
Teine,	A younger brother, or filer.
Tane,	A hufband.
Huaheine,	A wife,
Eeapeettee, taowa, or tyau,	A friend.
Midya,	A widow,
Opareemo,	A Jkeleton, or honest
Eeree,	The jlejh*
U 2
Ewey,
Ewey, or aee	The /km.
Matee,	Blood,
Ewaowa,	The veins.
Eraowroo,	The hair.
Erowroo,	The head.
Eto>	The top of the frwdi
Eboo,	The temples.
Irai,	The brow,.
Matau,	The eyes.
Eahoo,	The nofe.
Paparia,	The cheeks..
Tareeha,	The ears.
Ewauha,,	The mouth.
EoOtCy	The lips.
Eneeho,	The teeth:.
Treero,	The tongue.
Maomee,	The beard.
Eaee,	The neck.
Trapooa,	The gullet.
Etapona,	The flmdders*
Erimau,	The hands and arms.
Aiai,	The arm-pits.
Wateea,	The elbows.
Abcorima,	The palms of the hands.
Epai,	The thumb.
Meyooocs,	The nails.
Eoma,	Ihe breafls.
Eoo,	The nipples*.
EobcO;,	The belly.
Pito,	The navel.
Etooa,.	The back.
Etohai,	The hips.
Ehoorai,	The anus.
OowbaUj	The t high i.
Etooree,	The knees.
Eawy,	The legs.
Edeai,	The calf of the leg.
Moa moa,	The ancles.
Etapooai,	7he foot.
Oiitoo,	The heel.
Matiyo,	The toes.
Eyoare,	A rat.
Eairo,	The tail of a quadruped.-
Manoo,	A bird.
Mato manoo^	A bird's eye.
Enechote manoo,	A bird's beak.
B habw p£,	The tail.
Maniaowy	The claws.
Erobppe,	A pigeon, or dove...
Obaa te manoo,,	A bird's nef.
Hooira moa,	An egg.
Aa,	A green parrot..
Veene,	A blue parroquet...
Morai,.	A duck.
Eiya,	Afijh.
Ewhai, or ephai,	A cut tie-fifh.
Ehoome,	A feal.
Ehoona,	A turtle.
Emahoo,	A Jhark's fkin.
Eiyoo,	Shagreen.
Porahaaw,..	Shell-fijh. ■
Mapeehee>:..	A limpet.
E booboo,,	A wilk.
Aupuhua,	Mufcles.
E rbrree,	An aBinia, orpifer, [amarine inject.)
Peeyaow,	A Ubella, or dragon-fly,.
Ootooi ohonnoo,,	A fp'ider.
©atoo3;	A hufe*.
E reerno,
54 A	VOYAGE
E reemo,	Sea-weed.
Ewawaow, or erao,	A leaf.
Erarnaiya,	A plantain-leaf.
Meiya,	Plantains.
Meiya epe,	Ripe plantains.
Eaow,	A tender green jlalk.
Epeea,	A woody fa Ik.
Ehooai,	A calabajh.
Eboo,	A cocoa-nut Jhell.
Po-ooroo,	The bark of the bread-fruit tree.
Hoora-ooiro,	Fruit.
Ooroo,	Bread-fruit.
Ooroo epc,	Bread-fruit kept till it is half rotten, which
	is, never the lefs, fweet when roajled.
Bidibidio,	Small red Indian peafe.
Etoomoo,	Wood.
Ilanooa,	A fort of wood like crab-tree wood.
Whanooa,	Land.
Ewha,	An opening in the land.
Maowa,	Mountains and hills.
Te Maowa, tci ufi,	Steep or perpendicular hills.
Orowhaina,	A high peaked hill in Otaheite*
Hiahia,	Level or fat country.
E rapao,	Mud.
E arahow,	Afies.
Owhai,	A ftone.
Owhai mamoe,	A joft orfpltntery (lone.
Owhai maowree,	A hard or flinty ftone.
Tatteiaowra,	A tranfparent cryftal.
Wahaa, or eahei,	Fire.
Eahei,	Light.
Avy,	Water.
Earrce,	1 he fwell of the fea, and the furf.
OiormUooa,
Oromatooa,
Hiamoorre,
Matai,
Eata,
Eohco,
Anooa nooa,
Manaha,
Toobatoora*.
Marama,
Efedeea,
Taowruah*
Nataihieah,
Eparai,
T'Oheettee-otera>
T'Otera,
Oapitoaraow,
Taheaweira,
A fale,
E taowteea,
E ahaow,
E toorroo tooroo,
Kipoo a meemhee,.
Ebupau,
Tot a, alfo Eeno,
Mayo,
Ithee dee,
Eiei,
Mahal,
Gore dehaiya^
Oore oore,
Oore eeteea,
The air, or breath.
Light puff's of air.
Wind.
The clouds.
Smoke.
The rainbow.
The fun.
The fet ting-fun.
The moon.
A flar.
The planet Venus.. The planet Saturn. The hor'rzo?u The caff. The weft. The north. The fouth. A houfe *.
Tlh1 rafters of a houfe..
The beams.
The poffs.'
A chamber-pot*.
Afool.
A hohng-glafs..
A fmall rail.
A wooden image.
A mallet for cloth.
An oven for baking bread..
A large nail.
A middling-fzed nail.
A fmall nail.
* Tootahau's houfe is one hundred and twenty yards long, and twenty yards broad fupported by twenty polls,, each nineteen feet hi&h».
& ' A V
Utoi, or towa, Jtee, Whata, Eitai, Edevai, Moean, Iteehahao, Matee, Paee, Paee, Ewaha, Ewharraow, Taoda, Eaha, Ehow, Oopcia, Hobuhoo„ Tuorloo, Ahao apau, Habau, Poohiree, Ahao ora, Haowaraia* Eiboo, Pooroaw,
Aihoo,
Parawei,
Maroa,
Evane,
Tumataw,
Opaitca,
O    Y   A    G E
An axe, or hatchet. A fly-flap.
• Sticks raifed to hang bafkets upon.
A fl raw-bag.
An open-wrought bag.
Mats.
Red paint or dye. Red dye for cloth. A fhip. A large canoe. A fmall canoe. A boat-houfe. A thick rope.
A plaited line, and thread for making nets. A fiflnng-lint. Afeine. White cloth. ^Thick white cloth* Buff-coloured thin cloth. "Thin buff-coloured cloth fpotted with red. Reddifi cloth. Rifjct thin cloth. Gummed cloth. ■Cloth made of old cloth. A fort of fluff, taken from fome tree, like hemp, of which they make -cloth and girdles. A garment.
A flirt, or under garment.
A piece of cloth worn round the middle.
A garment made of fine matting.
A bonnet.
A mat-girdle,
T O	THE    SOUTH    SEAS. ?$
Tamoou,	Wreaths of plaited human hair, which they
	fet great value upon, worn as an orna-
	me?it, chiefly on the head.
Poe,	Ear-rings.
Poe oole oole.	A yellow bead.
Poe meedee,	A green bead.
Poe ere ere,	A blue bead.
Ewhahana,	A bow.
Eahe,	An arrow.
Epanoo,	A drum.
Paraow,	A pair of clappers.
Vivo,	A flute.
Mama,	Child's pap.
Poe,	A pafle, or pudding, made of the roots ofarum.
Peea,	A ftrong jelly, or pafle, made of the roots
	of arum.
Mahei,	A kind of four pafle, made of fermented
	bread-fruit.
Opepc,	A fort of pafle.
Monoe,	Cocoa-oil.
Toonoah>	A mole in the fkin.
Ehaow,	Sweat.
Hooare,	Spittle.
Hoope,	Snot.
Paiya,	Fat.
Matairee tona,	The ftye in the eye.
Trapaou,	A fcab.
Evvhaiwhai,	The elephantiafis.
Eowhaoo,	The windy dropfi.
Opeepee,	The numbnefs in the feet when they fleep.
Matte noa,	A natural death.
Heiva,	A ceremony performed by the deceafed's re*
	lations.
Poohira,	A place, or refidence.
	I Morai,
58                        A V	O    Y   A    G E
Moral,	A burying-ground*
Morino Tootahauy	The burying-ground of Tootahau*
Morai natowa,	Our burying-place..
"Whata,	The edifice they lay their dead upon.
E peenei,	An echo.
E paeena.	The found or noife which forms the echo-*
Ahoo,	A fart.
Mahanaj	A day.
Poa,	A night.
Po oore,	A dark night*
Gtaowa*	Tefterday.,
Aouna,	To-day.
Oboboa,	To-morroW.
Obabadura,	The day after to-morrow.
Itopa de mahano^	Sun-fet.
Otooe te po,	Late in the night.
Hamanee,	The temper or ivilfi
Tatta te Hamannee maital,	A good-natured perfon.
Tatta niaio,	A contradictory perfon, one that will not al-
	low another to know as well as he.
Tatta maowra, 6c tatta whattaowv	A great lazy, idle, or loitering perftm.
Tatta taowra,;	An indufrlous man, alfo an active* clever*,
	fir ring man.
Amawhattoo,	A /hrrw, or fcold.
Mahcine eawaov/,..	An boufewife*
Niaowniaowy	Theflench of a car cafe*.
Ehaowa,	A fmclL.
Motoo &c puta*.	A hole.
Epehe,	A fing.
Tctooa,	A title ufually given to their women of rank'%,
	though every woman will anfwer to it*
Tea,	White.
AinawhattoOj,	Induflrious. pains-takings
PC€Oj	B^nt, bending, crooked, turning, winding.
	Teeahaowratea^
TO THE	SOUTH    S E i
Teeahabwratea,	Strait, even.
Epaceya,	Smooth.
Ananna,	Tranfparent or clear*
Po-cerree,	Opake or dull.
Eawha,	Brittle.
Orroo, brroo,	Limber, or pliable*
Eorbee,	Tapering to a point.
Oebe, teres,	Long, fmall, or Jlender.
Toommoo,	Blunt, oppofed to oebe.
Menne, menne.	Thick, foort, and round.
Taxra tarra,	Crumpled or creafed.
Verra verra,	Hot, applied to victuals.
Marroowhai,	Dry.
Emaioeeya,	Lame, or crippled.
Oohammama,	Open, expanded wide.
Ooa-peerree,	Shut, faftened, or glued together,
Hoonnehobnne,	Swelled.
Nooe,	Large, grand, or chief*
Etee,	Little, or lefjer.
Ninnoo nlnnoo,	Juicy.
Ewawa,	Hard and dry.
Oparirree,	Blown down, or blown away.
Etooa,	Under.
Earo,	Upper.
Mona,	Beep.
T'joota,	Afiore.
Whattata,	Near at hand.
Oeta,	Tonder, or without*
Epapa tahei,	Single.
Niteeya,	Double.
Ataowa,	jTog ether.'
Woreede,	Stole?i.
Ooapa,	Given away-.
6q A	VOYAGE
Tei mooa;	Before.
Tei mobrree..	Behind.
Tei rbtto poo,	In the middle, or between^,
Tei rbtto,	Within.
Tei wahaoj	Without.
Nehaia,	When.
Teiene,,	Jufl now^
t ena,,	This.
Ehai,.	When, where\
Paha>	Perhaps, may be, very likely..
No reira,	From their.
Paraow, pees,.	Rough or hardfpeech or tongue.
Paraow teeahaowratea,	Soft fpeech.
Paraow ohobmmoo,	Low or foft talking.
Paraow tooirro,	Loud or high talk.
Taowna,	A word of great contempts
Myty,	Good.
Maw myty,	Good victuals.
Manamanatey,	Very good, or fweet.
Eena,,	Middling, or fo-fo..
Porai,	To talk.
Meetee, & ehioee,	To kifi.
Woradee,	To be angry.
Mataow3.	To be affronted, or indifpofed:
Eawow,	To fold.
Embto>.	To box, or fight.
Mareere,.	To be cold.
Eporiree^	To be hungry*
Eei,	To eat.
Eotte,,	To fuck.
Norothoe de adce t'avai.	To drink cocoa-nut liquor.
Amama,.	To yawn..
Irabwai,	To dofe, fumber, or be drowfy..
Matte icafy	To die,, or be dead,.
TO    THE S
Edoodocy
Eaow,
Toobaipai,
Toataow.
Heapoonne,
Ooawhewhe,
Ehobte te Oops^
Eninnei,
Pattbe,
Ewhattce>
Obmohaooa,
Taweerree,
Hiaree, Taowra,
Eaee niea te mattcv
Epee niea,
Tirai te pahee,.
Whainaow,
Eeraira,
Eheeya,
Etobrai,
Emairoo,,
Ephaow,
Eobma,
Tootoba,,
Eetob,
Ehehe,
Meamea, 6c erea erieaj
Airaree,,
Emaow,.
Taimbradee^, ■
Fnb,.
9 If T H    S E A & &
To make cloth. To fwim. T3 knock. To anchor.
To cncompafsy, or encircle*.
To entangle.
To pull one by the hair.
To fqueeze, or prefs one.
To joflle, or Jhake one.
To jog, or fiuffie againfl a perfons •
To cram, or thruft into one.
To twine or whirl any thing about j to*
wring; alfo to pluck or gather cocoa-nuts^
by twirling them round* To pluck cr gather fruit. To twine, cord, or line. To climb up rocks. To go up with a rope. To build, or make a flip, cr large canorL To begets
To jump, or leap over. To tumble.
To drive, throw, or pujh down*
To fling*.
To fmell*.
To nip.
To fpit...
To /land..
To buz like a fly.
To /brink or Jhudder at a?r/ thing*.. To fly.
To /lick or adhere to any tl iug*.
To reel to and fro..
To buy. exchange, or barter^
6z A       V O
Manooaheennee,
Etob,
Earn a,
Madaidai,
Epa,
Evaha,
Mayneenee, or myneerea,
Itopa,
A wharr awai, Wahoee 6c ehabe, Eheero harre ehoe, Tobiro, Aivvee,
Ewharo, Emaro,
Hob.ia habwnna, Ewa, or ooai, Eoeffra, Patiree,
Whaow whaow,
Eho mai, 6c harre mai,
Ehbee mai,
Paraow mai,
Aremina,
Eeyaha, or lhaya,
Hareioota,
ITarenaow,
Ara mai,
Aura,
Area,
Parahci,
Ainao,
Eeyo, or tirara,
Y   A    G E
Ts depend or hang upon.
To lower, or fet down upon the ground.
To carry on the fjculders.
To look at, handle, or touch; to view.
To give.
To be carried over the water. To tickle. To fall.
Togo orpafs away.
To turn, or go back again.
To come and go.
To fljout or halloo at one.
To underftand, or comprehend to liften, or
give ear. To believe. To dijbelieve. To deny, or dijbelieve. It rains* It lightens. It thunders. It finks. Come to me. Row to me. Speak to me. Come with me. Get away, or get you gone. Go you there or yonder. Do you go with me. Follow me, or come hither.
Stop.
Stay.
Sit down.
Take care.
Lookyou.
Titara,	Let me look, or flew me*
Mamooj	Hold your tongue *
Tehai,	When is he t
Oewai,	What is your name ?
Noa oie tehai^	Where is fuch a perfon t
Harehiea,	Whither do you go ?
Wahoee,	What is it ?
T'ahoe t'eha,.	Of what is this garment mad? t-
Eha,	What ? or What fay you t
Eha t'oe, tlrree eetee^.	What would you pleafe to have %
Tai poe etee nobw,	Pray give me a little bead ?
Ooateea te tirre n'oe,..	Tou fliall have what you want*.
Eaoowha te matav	The wind has changed*
Mate,	My flchiefs..
Neeheeo,	Good night.
Waow,	I.
Naow,	Myfelf* ^
Tooanahoe & tooanahahow,	Tou and L
Nat'owa,	Ours.
Potohe,.	Firflly.
Ajba, aim, aipa, aita, 5c aiya,	Are all negatives, and pronounced with th?'
	tongue thrift a little way cut of the mouth*.
Nata,	An article whichflgnifes of..
Taipara, tideo, tidbo>,	Words ufed in their fongs*
An	Otaheiteak SONG.
TAOWDEE waow, tctatta waow, t'eva heinea waow, te tane a waow, teinai ye waow, e tottee era waow, e moo era waow, e pai era waow, e tei moore era waow, e tei whattee era waow, e tei niea era waow, e doo doo wai too mahiocc,, tootromaoo tooatpai toowaiwhatta too te whaine toota pea tooaimooa e tootre deerce-too wai.doeo.
6 f
A VOYAGE
MENS NAMES.
Arabo. Teetee. Tooaooy
v  Oaiyo. Tiaree. Toobaiah. •
Obade. Tirooduah. Toobairoo,
Otapairoo. Tirooroo. Toopuah.
Otee.
WO MENS NAMES.
Aidada. Matai Trowhoa. Oteateah.
Deaiyo. Otapairoo. Tirahaow diea.
Names of Iflands near Otaheite,
Aiteab. Maowrooah. Tabuahmanoo.
Atiarabo. Matea. Taha.
Bola-bola. Mopipahau. Taheeree.
Eimayo. Oheiteroah. Tetiroah.
Huaheine. Onooahaora. Toopbai.
Maitoo. Otahau. Yoolee-Etea.
NUMERATION.
Tohe, One.
Rooa, Two.
Torhoo, Three.
I la, Four.
Ilkmei, Five.
Whaine, Six*
Hitoo, Seven.
W alhoc, Eight.
Iva, Nine,
Iloolhoo, Ten.
Matohe, Eleven.
Ma rooa,
Marooa,
Matorhoo,
Maha,
Maillemei,
Mawhaine,
Mahitoo,
Mawalhoo,
Maiva,
Arooato,
Twelve.
Thirteen*
Fourteen.
Fifteen.
Sixteen.
Seventeen.
Eighteen,
Nineteen.
Twenty.
Remarks on the Otaheite an Language.
The language is very foft, having a great number of vowels, diphthongs, and triphthongs.
Every word, almoft, begins with a vowel, which they moft commonly drop.
It is alfo very metaphorical, as I have obferved in many inftances; as Matapoa, a perfon blind of an eye, which literally is Night-eye. Mataavai, the name of the bay we anchored in, literally fignifies Watery-eye j which appellation is not unapt from the great quantity of rain which falls in the bay. Tehaia, a woman's name, who being loft when a child, her friends went about, crying Tehai ? which means, Where is fhe ?
The natives could not repeat, after us, the founds of the letters, Q, X, and Z, without great difficulty; G, K, and S, they could not pronounce at all.
Many of the names of the people of our fhip having the G, K, or S, in them, they could not approach nearer the found of them than as follows:
Toote,
Opane
Tolano
Treene
Hite
Towara
for
Cook.
Banks.
Solander.
Green.
Hicks.
Gore.
Mata
Petrodero
Tate
Poline
Taibe
Patine
K
for Monkhoufe.
Pickerfgill,
Clark. Spoving. Stainfby. Parkinfon.
They
They have various founds peculiar to themfelves, which none of us could imitate; fome of them they pronounced like B and L mingled together; others between B and P, and T and D,   Some like B h, Lh, and D h.
When they mean to fpeak of a thing fomewhat fmall, they often double the. word, as Oore oore, a fmallim nail.
They alfo double the word for the fuperlative, as Tea tea, very white.. Mai, when placed after a verb, fignifies that the action was done to you.
Mai, when added to an adverb, fignifies feveral things, as Mai Maroo, fomewhat foft, or inclining to be foft.
They have a whoop, when they call after any perfon, which they pronounce like Ahu ! raifing their voice very high at the lafl fyliable.
On the 11th, the tents were ftruck, and we got every thing on board j but, on examining the anchor-flocks, we found them very much worm-eaten, and were obliged to wait till the carpenter had made new ones, which detained us two days longer. None of the Indians came near us till the next day, except Toobaiah, who is a fort of high-prieft of Otaheite j and-he defigned to fail with us j however,, feveral of the principal natives fent their fervants on board with prefents; we fent them others in return, and left them, tolerably well reconciled to us.
On the 13th, feveral of the natives came on board to take leave of us, to whom we made fome prefents; and, at parting with us, they appeared very forrowful. In the forenoon we weighed anchor, and failed, with a fine breeze, from the weft, fteering our courfe W. by N, having Toobaiah, and his little boy Taiyota, on b< ard: with us. [See p].. IX.] On. our leaving the fhore, the people in the canoes fet up their woeful cry, Awai, Awai 5 and the young women-wept very much. Some of the canoes came up to the fide of the fhip, while fhe. was under fail, and brought us many cocoas.
Toward;
I -
\
Toward night we faw an ifland called, by Toobaiah, Tetiroah, and altered our courfe a little to the weftward, fleering for the iiland of Yoolee-Etea, the native place of Toobaiah.
On the 14th, we difcovered the ifle of Huaheine, which is high land, but the wind being againfl us, we could not reach it; we therefore tacked about, and took a ftretch toward an ifland that we faw at a diftance, which Toobaiah told us was Yoolee-Etea.
In the afternoon of this day it was almoft calm; and we had but little wind till the next day, being the 15th: at noon we had a fine breeze; and at five in the afternoon were within fix leagues of the ifland of Huaheine. It was made up of feveral peaks of high land, and divided, like Otaheite, by fome lower land intervening. The ifland appeared to be almoft as large again as Eimayo; and, from the maft-head, we could difcover the tops of the mountains of Yoolee-Etea, over thofe of Huaheine.
Toobaiah praying in the afternoon, in the ftern-windows, called out, with much fervor, O Tane, ara mai, matai, ora mai matai; which is to fay, Tane (the god of his Morai) fend to me, or come to me with a fair wind; but his prayer proving ineffectual, he faid, Wooreede waow, I am angry. However, he told us that we fhould" have wind when the fun arrived at the meridian, and fo it happened, though we did not impute to him the gift of prophecy or forefight.
Toobaiah told us they often had wan with the natives of Atiarabo, a neighbouring ifland ; and that, when they take any of them prifoners, they cut off their under-jaws, and hang them up. Several of thefe trophies of victory Mr. Banks faw hung up in a man's houfe at Atiarabo, in one of his excurfions among the people of Oboreano, at a time when they had made prifoners Oroamo's four brothers, and two of Oboreah's, and had taken all her canoes.
Early
Early on the 16'th, we were clofe to the fhore of the ifland of Huaheine j bur, meeting with no fafe place to anchor in, we doubled the point, and went to the N. W. fide of the ifland, where we anchored, in a pretty little bay, clofe by the fhore in eleven fathom water : the water was very fmooth,. and the banks fhoaled fo fleep, that we might have rid fafe within forty yards off the fhore. Several Canoes came off to, us as we failed along the coafl, and fome of the natives came on board, amongft whom was a king, who was the firft that adventured to come up the fhip's fide, and he approached it trembling. Toobaiah converfed with them very freely*.
This country affords a more pleafing. profpecl than Otaheite, being more pic-turefquc. Some of the hills are very high ; and, from this bay, we can fee the iflands Yoolee-Etea, Otahau, and Bolabola; which lafl appears like a hill of a conical form, forked at the top. Before the bay, and a good way farther on, runs a reef which opens at the two ends, but has no opening in the front. The Captain, Toobaiah, and fome others, went on fhore with the aree, or king j and, as foon as he landed, he. immediately repaired to an adjacent moral, and returned thanks to Tane for his fafe paffige, whom he prefented with two handkerchiefs, and fome other trifles j and, to the furgeon who aiTiiled him, he prefented a hog.
On the. 17th, feveral of. the inhabitants came on board, and brought with them fome cocoa-nuts; and one of them, a friend of mine from Otaheite, brought a bafket of pafte or pudding, baked in bre^d-fruit leaves, which was made of the roots of Taro and cocoa-nuts: they call it Etaoo, and it taftes very much hke the poe of Otaheite, and is very good food. The cuflom of changing names prevails much in, this ifland, and is deemed a made of great friendfhip.
During the fhort time we were upon the coafl of this ifland, we purchafed twenty-four hogs and pigs, befides fowls, fruits, and roots, at reafonable rates,;, but they, raifed the price of their commodities before we left them.
Thia-
TOT  H  E     S  O   c? T II DBAS.
This ifland, the extent of which we had not time to learn, is. confiderably longer than broad; andx to all appearance, very fruitful in cocoas, bread-fruit, plantains*, and eatable-roots, fuch as taro, eape, and the fweet potatoe.   Thefe roots, with different forts of pafte, are their principal food when there is no bread-fruit.-They have a plenty of cuttle-fiih, but not fo. many of other kinds as. are to bo found at Otaheite.   Their cloth-tree is planted very neatly, and cultivated with great care, having drains made through the beds of earth to draw oft the water > and the fides neatly built up with flones; and, in the drains, they plant the arum which.; yields the yam they call Ta: a.
We found great quantities of a baflard fort cf fhagreen upon the ifland, and many pearls of an indifferent forU
The natives of this ifland are not of fuch a dark complexion as thofe of Otaheite,, and the other neighbouring iflands; and the women are, in general, as handfome,, and nearly of the fame colour, as Europeans; [fee pi. VIII. fig. 3 and 4.] from which we may draw a reafon for the name of this pretty ifland ||, which I left regretting that I did not fee more of it.
On the 19th, in the afternoon, we.fet fail for Yoolee-Etea , and the next morning, being the 20th, we eafl anchor in a bay, which is formed by a reef, on the north fide of this ifland.. Two canoes of people came to us from, the fhore, and: brought with them two fmall hogs; they took but little notice of us, and expreffed'. as little furprize at any thing they faw. The captain went on fhore and took pof-feffion of the iiland for the king ; he faw but few inhabitants, and fcarce any of diflinguifhed rank amongft them, They behaved fo coolly that the captain did not know what to make of them.. Toobaiah, who was with him, feemed to be. quite difpleafed. We did not know the occafion of their refervednefs; but conjectured that the Bolobola people had been amongfl them,
ft.. Huaheine, tbc name of ft is -ifland,, meant alfo a wife.
On the 2ifl, fome of us went on more, and bought many plantains, and cocoa-Jiuts.   The plantains were moftly green, and, boiled or roafled, ate as well as a
potatoe.
In the afternoon we went on llio?e again, and faw but few of the natives in the country, which, though very pleafant, looks like an uninhabited or deferted place. We faw fome morais, [fee pi. X.] or burial places, which are fimilar in all thefe iflands, and went into one of them, in which there was a whatee, or altar, with a roafled hog, and fifli upon it, defigned as an offering to the Ethooa, or god. Near to the whatee, or altar, there was a large houfe, which contained the coong-drums ufed at their folemnities: and, adjoining to this houfe, were feveral large cages of wood, having awnings of palm-leaves upon them. Thefe cages are called Oro, and refled upon beams laid upon others that flood upright, and feemed intended for the reception of the birds facred to Ethooa, of which there are two that fly about their morais, the grey heron, and a blue and brown king-fi(her. Thefe morais are paved, or rather covered with a fort of coral, and planted with various forts of flowering fhrub?, fuch as nonoah, etoa, and hibifcus. At the front of the morai, which faces the fea, they have built a fort of amphitheatre, of large rough flones j and, among thefe flones, there are a great many long boards fet up, carved in various figures, according to their fancy. Every family of note has one of thefe mora's ornamented as much as they can afford *. I have been told, that the inhabitants of thefe three, ifles worfhip the rainbow, which they call Toomeitee no Tane.
On
* A kind of priefl:, [fee pi. XI.] called heiva, altends thefe Morais, cloathcd in a feather garment, ornamented with round pieces of mother-of-pearl> and a very high cap on his head, made of cane, or bamboo j the front of which is feather-work ; the edges befet with quills flripped of the plumage. He has alfo a fort of breaft-platc, of a femicircular fhape, made of a kind of wicker-work, on which they weave their plaited twine in a variety of figures : over this they put feathers of a green pigeon in rows; and between the rows is a femicircular row of fhark's teeth. The edge of the bread-plate is fringed with fine white dog's hair.
This priefl: is commonly attended with two boys, painted black, who aflift him in placing the hog aud fifh for the Ethooa j as alfo in flxewing the body of the defund with leaves and flowers of bamboo ;
and,
99999999
On the 24th, in the afternoon, we went out at the weft end of the bay, which the natives call Opou, but found our palfage very difficult on account of the fTvoals, one of which we narrowly efcaped : the man, who founded, crying out Two fathom, we wore fhip directly, or we fhould have been on a bank. At lengh, however, we cleared the fhoals; but not being able to get out in time, anchored over-againfl: a deep bay, and fome of our men went on more to look for hogs.
This ifland is, in many refpecls, much like Huaheine, and the country as much variegated ; but this fide of the ifland feems to have undergone fome revolution 3* the inhabitants are but few, and poor, and have no political diftindtion of rank amongft them. The fhagreen is in greater plenty here, and at Huaheine, than at Otaheite, where it was a fcarce commodity. They have alio great plenty of taro, and eape.   As to the bread-fruit it was but young 3 and of apples I faw none.
On the 25th, we fet fail from the bay of Owhare, and fleered our courfe to the weftward, defigning to go to Bolobola, or round Otahau, to the fouth-fide of Yoolee-Etea j but, the wind blowing from the weftward, we could not double the point of Otahau -3 fo that we did nothing that day but traverfe the coafl of Bolobola.
The ifland of Bolobola is made up of one very high forked peak of land, witlx. feven low hills round it.
In the evening, at fiin-fet, we: difcovered the ifland of Toopbai;,, making in low land.
and, for two or three days after,, is conftantly employed in ranging the adjacent fields and woods., from which every one retires on his approach. The relations, in the mean time, build a temporary houfe near the Morai, where they alTemble, and the females mourn for the deceafed, by iinging fongs of grief,, howling, and wounding their bodies in different pkces with fhark's teeth ; after which they bathe their wounds in the fea or river,, and.again return to howl and cut themfelve?,. which they continue for three days. After the body is corrupted,, and the bones become bare;. the fkeleton is depefked an^a fort of ftone pyramid built for. that purpote,.
. 0h
On the 28 th, the wind blowing full from the well, and being often becalmed, we could not weather the point, the wind hauling round the ifland, and meeting us as we tacked about.
In the evening, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and the Mafler, went on fhore, in the pinnace, to Otahau, and, not returning fo foon as expected, we fired a cannon at nine o'clock j and, flill neither feeing nor hearing of them, we fired another, and hung out a light in the fhrouds. We were foon anfwered by them with a jnufket, by which we found they had got out tp~fea; and about ten they arrived, and brought with them three hogs, fifteen fowls, with a great quantity of plantains,, cocoa-nuts, and taro.
This ifland is but thinly inhabited, and fome parts of it very barren.—We had a great fwell among thefe iflands.
On the 30th, we went round to Bolobola, and beat up to windward, to get to the other fide of Yoolee-Etea, and had a fharp breeze from the S. E. all night. This day we faw the ifland of Maowrooah, confiding of a large round hill, with a fmall one on the fide of it.
On the ifl of Augufl, after fo long beating to windward, we at lafl got along-fde of Yoolee-Etea; but even then we could not get into the bay which we de-figned to enter j and, the wind being againfl us, we were obliged to eafl anchor ■;it the entrance of it, between two reefs. In the afternoon we attempted to warp the /hip into the bay, but endeavouring to heave the anchor, we found it was faflened to fome rock, where we left it till the next morning. The natives came off to us in great numbers, and we bought of them ten hogs, for ten fpikes each, with plenty of cocoas, and plantains, and they feemed very joyful at our arrival.
Early on the 2d, we attempted again to get up the anchor; with fome difficulty happily fucceeded; and, afterwards, warpt the (hip into the bay, which is called Amameenee, and moored her in a proper flation, about a mile from fhore. The natives nocked to us again; appeared highly delighted, and were fo fond of
our
TO THE SOUTH SEAS. 73 our commodities, that, for a few fmall nails, they gave us many things of confiderable value amongft them; and whatever we gave them, whether nails, pewter, watches, or other toys, were immediately hung upon their ears.
On the 4th, we went on more, and took a walk up into the country, which is very pleafant, and faw a great quantity of Taro and Eape growing: We faw alfo a great quantity of the true Yam, which is fo common in the Weft-Indies; and bread-fruit trees, which were nearly in perfection ; though the crop of fruit upon them did not appear to be fo large as 1 have feen.
There arc feveral Morais in this part of the ifland ; in one of which wc faw a firing of jaw-bones hung up on the Afalc, or houfe, of the Ethooa, with feveral fkulls laid in rows : and we met a man of a fair complexion, whofe hair was white as milk ; alfo their Aree Dehei, or king, who is called Oorea, and his fon; ihe former appeared to be a very modeft fort of a man, and the latter as handfome a youth as I ever faw. Opoone, who is king of Bolobola, ftays in the next bay ; they fay he is a very old man, and we fuppofe the people of this ifland have fubmittod to him **.
The border of low land round the hills is very narrow here, and not very populous ; but feveral of the inhabitants are comely, and in a much more flourifhing
♦Toobaiah informed us, that, fome years paft, the chiefs of Otaheite, and the neighbouring islands, banifhed fuch of their criminals as were convicted of thefts, and other crimes which they thought did not deferve death, to an adjacent ifland called Bolobola, which, before the commencement of that law, was almoft barren and uninhabited ; which practice continued feveral years. In pro'cefs of time their numbers fo greatly increafed, that the ifland was infuflicient for their fubfiftencc. Being men of tkfperate fortunes, they made thcmfclvcs canoes, turned pirates, and made prifoners fuch of the people of the iflands near them as had the misfortune to fall in their way, and feized their canoes and effects. Opoonc, who was one of the worft of thefe criminals, by artful infmuations fo wrought on the reft, that he was admitted their chief, or king ; and, growing (till more powerful, by frequent acquifitious of prifoners, he adventured to make war on the people of Otahaw, a neighbouring ifland, who, not expccYmg fo fudden an invafion, were not prepared for defence, and wire obliged to fubmit to be tributaries to him. He afterwards conquered YQolee-ctea, and other iflands, which he annexed t«# his dominion of Bolobola.
74 AVOYAGE
ilate than thofe on the other fide of the iiland, who are men of Yoolee-ctea, or men of Bolobola, we could not learn which.
There is a great number of boat-houfes all round the bays, [fee pi. XII.] built with a Catanarian arch, thatched all over; and the boats kept in them are very long, bellying out on the fides, with a very high peaked flern, and are ufed only at particular feafons.
We had a great quantity of fifh brought on board in the afternoon of this day, and three pounds and a half were ferved to each man of the ihip's company.
On the 7th, in the afternoon, Mr. Banks and myfelf went to fee an entertainment called an Heivo. We palled over four bays E. and were carried, by the natives, till we came to the bottom of a bay called Tapeeoee, where a number of people was allembled. A large mat was laid upon the ground, and they began to dance upon it, putting their bodies into llrange motions, writhing their mouths, and (baking their tails, which made the numerous plaits that hung about them flutter like a peacock's train. Sometimes they flood in a row one behind another, and then they fell down with their faces to the ground, leaning on their arms, and fhaking only their tails, the drums beating all the while, with which they kept exacl time. An old man flood by as a prompter, and roared out as loud as he could at every change. Thefe motions they continued till they were all in a fweat; they repeated them three times alternately, and, after they had done, the girls began. In the interval, between the feveral parts of the drama, fome men came forward, who feemed to act the part of drolls; and, by what I could diflinguihh, they attempted to reprefent the Conquefl of Yoolee-etea, by the men of Bolobola ; in which they exhibited the various flratagems ufed in the conqueft, and were very vociferous, performing all in time to the drum. In the lad fcene, the acYions of the men were very lafcivious.
The people, in the part where this farce was performed, are chiefly Bolobola men, and they feem to be fettled in the bed part of the iiland, the low-land being wider here than in any other part near the harbour. On this coall there are many fpits and Ihoals, formed of coral rocks; and, on the reef, the furf breaks very
high,
TO    THE    SOUTH    SEAS. 7$
high, and makes a noife as loud as thunder. There are fome plantations of pepper in this part of the ifland. •
It is remarkable, that, notwithstanding the people of thefe iflands cannot pronounce the found of the letter K, yet 1 have met with a great number in Yoolee-ctea, who, having a bee in their fpeech, continually fubftitute it inftead of that of their favourite letter T.
The UTENSILS of the inhabitants of the ifland of Otaheite, and the neighbouring iflands, being fimilar, we have here annexed a plate of fome of them, to which we have occafionally referred ; but, as we have not mentioned the fizes of them, we fhall here recapitulate thofe drawn in the plate, and fliall give a particular account of each.   The number of the plate is XIII. of which,
No. I. Is a Sling, about four feet long, made of plaited twine, formed from the fibres of the bark of a tree ; the part, which holds the ftone, is woven very clofe, and looks like cloth, from which the firing gradually tapers to a point.
2, The Paddle, made of wood neatly fliaped, and worked very fmooth, ufed to ftrikethe inftruments No. 3 and 4, wherewith they indent or mark their fkins, which they call Tataowing.   It is about eighteen inches long.
^. and 4. Are their Tataowing Inftruments, the handles of which are wood i to-wards the end of which is a hollow made to lay the fore-finger ot the hand in which holds it: the head is made of one or two flat pieces of bone, of various breadths, tapering to a point towards the handle, to which it is faftened very tight with fibres of the bark of a tree: the broad part, or bottom, is cut into many fmall fharp teeth. When they mark any perfon, they dip the iriftrument, a fmall one or large one, according to the figure intended, into a black liquid, or juice, expreffed from fome plant, and, placing it on the part intended to he
L 2 marked^
76 A VOYAGE
marked, give it a fmall blow with the paddle, which caufes a great deal of pain.   Thefe inftruments arc about five inches in length,
5.. The Cloth-beater, about fourteen inches long,.
6. One of their Bafkets; round the mouth is a kind of netting made of plaited twine, through which a firing is put, which draws the plaiting together, and clofes up the mouth.   It is eleven inches high, and three feet in circumference*
7. An Ebupa, or Stool, ufed as a pillow ; they generally put a piece of their cloth on
it before they lay their head on it. There are many fizes of them; the very large ones they ufe alfo as ftools to fit on. This, expreffed in the figure, was twelve inches and a half long ; but fome are of the length of two feet.
o\ Is one of their Flutes, made of Bamboo, and ornamented with the plaited twine, which alfo ftrengthens it y they are about one foot and a half long.
9. One of their Hatchets, the handle of this was fourteen inches and a half long ; the head about four inches and' a half in length, and the edge about two inches broad.
10. Is a figure of the Stone Pafte-beater: this was feven inches and a quarter highv ji . A Fly-flap, the handle made of a hard, brown, wood, is thirteen inches long. 12. The Feather Ornament for the Head,, fix inches long.
13,. 14. Mother-of-pearl Ornaments for the Ears, about half an inch long..
15.. The Decoy ufed in fifhing, made of (hells; the length, from the head to the extremity of the tail, feven inches and a half.
16. A Bone Plummet for their fifhing lines, carved,, two inches and a quarter long.
17. Another Plummet, made of Spar* about one inch long-
18. A
TO    THE    SOUTH    S E A 7J 18. A Mother-of-pearl Fifh-hook, two inches long.
jq,. A Fifh-hook made of wood, and pointed with a piece of fhell, three inches; and three quarters long.
20. A Fifh-hook made of a large Pinna-marina fhell, three inches and three-quarters long.
21. Another Fifh-hook, made, of a large Pinna-marina (hell, three inches and. three quarters long.
22. Another ditto, made of Mother-of-pearl, two inches long..
23. Another ditto, three quarters of an inch in length.
24. Another ditto, made of Pinna-marina fhell, one inch and half long.
25. Another ditto, made of two pieces of Mother-of-pearl, one for the fhank, the other for the point. The line is fattened both at the top and bottom. The points of thefe hooks are fometimes barbed like ours y at the bottom they tic fome hair.
26. Three Pearls tied together by plaited hair, worn aa an ornament for the ears:: each pearl was about the fize of a fmall pea.
27. Sting of a Sting-Ray, ufed to point their lances and arrows, four inches and z-half long*
A JOURNAL
JOURNAL
O F A
V O Y A G E to the S O U T H SEAS,
In his Majefty's Ship The ENDEAVOUR.
PART H.
F&^^sT^ N the gth of Augufl we weighed anchor, and proceeded from this WW q Pfifti hay to the fouthward, to lee what dilcovenes we could make there, Pur^Liant t0 tne directions of the admiralty, and carried with us as many hogs from this ifland as we could flow, with a great number of Plantains, Taro, Eapc, and Yams, to ferve us inftead of bread.
On the 13th, at noon, having had a briik wind for three days, we difcovered high land, and, toward night, approached near it. Toobaiah informed us that it was an ifland called Oheiteroah, being one of the clufter of nine, and bore the title of Oheite added to them.
We hauled in our wind, and, on the 14th, in the morning, bore down to the ifland, and hoifled out the pinnace, in which Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went
on
on fhore to feek for an anchoring place in a large bay formed by two points of land. They returned with an account that they could find none, nor any good landing for the boat: and that, when they got near the fhore, feveral of the natives jumped into the pinnace, and attempted to feize on Mr. Banks, which obliged our people to fire, and fome of the natives were wounded. They were armed with long clubs, and fpears, made of the wood of a tree which they called Etoa; and their cloaths were red and yellow, made of bark, ftriped and figured very regularly, and covered with gum. They had alfo curious caps on their heads, and made a very martial appearance. Mr. Banks brought fome wooden-work on board, very ingenioufly wrought, and told us that they faw canoes which were carved with great ingenuity, and painted very neat.
Thefe people are very tall, well proportioned, and have long hair, which they tie up, [fee pi. VIII. fig. 5 and 6.] and are tataowed, or marked on different parts of their bodies, but not on their pofieriors, like the people of the other iflands. On one of our boats approaching them, they began to talk to Toobaiah, though they feemed very much intimidated, and begged that our people would not kill them; and faid they would not furnifh us with any eatables unlefs we came on fhore, which they intreated us much to do. They faw no women among them*. From the fhip we obferved a few houfes..
This ifland does not fhoot up into high peaks, like the others, but is more even and uniform, divided into fmall hillocks, like England, which are here and there covered with tufts of trees. At the water's edge there are many clifts almoft perpendicular. V/e faw no bread-fruit, and very few cocoas; but all along the edge of the beach was thick planted with Etoa, which fetved to fheltcr their houfes and plantations of Meiya from the wind.
This ifland is fituate in 220 23' fouth latitude, and 150° 5' weft longitude, and has no reef furroundin^ it, like the other iflands.
On the 15th, in the morning, we polled the tropic of Capricorn, having a fine breeze from the north, with clear pleafant weather; and faw feveral tropic birds.
On the 16th, we faw the appearance of feveral high peaks of land, which deceived us all: we bore away for them, but, the fky clearing up, we found our miftake, and fo refumed our courfe to the fouth. Thermometer 72, and a cold air.
On the 17th, we were becalmed mofl part of the day, and had a great fwell from the weft in latitude 260 25' S. Thermometer 70.
On the 20th, we had light breezes, and were often becalmed ; but, toward night, we had a brifk breeze from the north, which increafing, we brought the lhip to, under the two topfails, and remained fo all night, and had a continual fwell, which made the fhip roll very much.
On the 21 ft, we had a ftiftgale all day, with hazy weather, and fome thunder and lightening from the weft ; we fcudded before the wind, having the forefail and two topfails elofe-reefed fet. {The fwell was fo great that the (hip rolled pro-digioufly, and every thing was thrown down. We faw feveral Pintado birds, and Shear-waters.
On the 22d, we had fine cleat weather, and the wind much abated. We faw fome AlbatrofTes, and feveral Pintado birds. This bird is barred on the wing with black and white, from whence the name in Spanifh, a Cheque-board. We alfo faw feveral parcels of fea-weed.   Latitude 31* 3' S. Wind S. W. and by W.
On the 23d, we had light breezes, and it was calm moft part of the day. Toward night, it rained very hard, with the wind to the north. We faw a grampus, or young whale, and an albatrofs. Lat. 3 z° 5'.
On the 24th, we had heavy fqualls, with rain, from the fouth, and faw a water-fpout. The wind ftill continuing to blow very hard, we lay-to under our main-fail   and, in the night, the wind was exceflive cold.
On the 25th, we had fair weather, but the air was mil fharp, though the wind was moderate, and came about to the S. W. Lat. 32* 3'. Thermometer 62.
On the 26th, we had variable weather, with a wefterly wind, and faw a grampus and an albatrofs.   Latitude 3 20 15'.
On the 27th, we had clear weather, with the wind at north, but, toward the evening, it was fqually.   We faw feveral albatrolTes, pintados, and (hear-waters.
Latitude 330 35'.-On the fame day we killed a dog, and dreffed him, which
we brought from Yoolee-Etea: he was exceflively fat, although he had eaten nothing while he had been on board.
On the 28th, we had hazy weather, and a drizzling rain all day, with a faint breeze from the north, and faw a great many birds called Shear-coots. This morning, John Raden, the boatfwain's mate, died. His death was occafioned by drinking too freely of rum the night before. In the evening the wind came about to the weft, and, the next morning, the 29th, the weather being clear, at. about four o'clock we faw a comet, about 60 degrees above the horizon. Latitude 370.
On the 30th, we had a brink breeze, and a great fwell from the weft, with fair clear weather, but very cold.   The Thermometer, in open air, was at 52. One of Mr. Banks's fervants faw a bird of a line green colour, and likewife fome fea-weed.   In the night, we had heavy mowers of hail, and fudden gufts of wind, which were very piercing, and fo violent, that we were obliged to lay the (hip to under the forefail.   The fame weather continued all the next day, the 31ft, accompanied with a high fwell from the weft, which made the (hip run gunnel-to under water.   A vaft number of birds, of different kinds, followed us all day, fporting on the furface of the water.   Thefe were Pintados, (a bird of a filver colour, fuch as we faw in the Atlantic ocean,) AlbatrofTes, and various forts of Pro-cellarias.   Several parcels of rock-weed were alfo feen by fome of our people. Latitude 390 25' S.   Thermometer, in open air, 48.
M
On
On the l ft of September, we had hard piercing gales and fqualls from the W. and N. W. with violent mowers of hail and rain. The fea ran mountain-high,, and tolled the fhip upon the waves : fhe rolled fo much, that we could get no red, or fcarcely lie in bed, and almoft every moveable on board was thrown down, and rolled about from place to place. In brief, a perfon, who has not been in a flcrm at fea, cannot form an adequate idea of the fituation we were in. The wind flill increasing, we laid the fhip to under the forefail. The heavens, however, being clear, at four in the morning, we faw the comet again between Aldebaran and Orion.  Latitude, by account, 40° and odd j and Thermometer 44.
On the 2d, we had hard gales, and fqually weather. About noon we fet the mainfail, and bore away N. N. W. the captain having, purfuant to his orders,, gone in fearch of the continent as far as 400 fouth latitude, and determined to fland to the fouthward, to fee what difcoveries he could make in that quarter, apprehending that, if we continued much longer in thefe high latitudes, we fhould not have fails enough to carry us home : befides, the weather was fo tempefluous, that, had we made land, it would not have been fafe to have approached near it.— The courfe which we have fleered to the fouthward, has been moflly between 147 and 150 degrees, weft longitude.
On the 3d, we had dark and gloomy weather, with a light wefterly breeze,, and the air was very cold.
On the 5th, we had variable weather, with fome rain : we faw fome AlbatrofTes, with white beaks, and others all white, except the tips of their wings.
On the 6th, we had hard gales from the weft, which obliged us to go under our courfes;. but the weather was clear, though cold.
On the 8th, we were becalmed moft part of the morning; but, in the afternoon, thq wind came about eafterly,, and brought with it fome rain..
©hi
On the 9th, we had a fine breeze, all day, from the fouth, with clear weather; and, toward night, faw fome parcels of fea-weed.—This day a whole allowance of beef was given to the fhip's company.
On the 10th, we had fqually weather, with the wind at S. S. W. faw fome fea-weed, and had feveral white fqualls, which looked as if we had been near land.
On the nth, we had fome fqualls, with light fhowers of rain, and the wind at S. W.
On the 12th, the wind varied between S. and W. and we hid agreeable clear weather, with fome few fqualls.   Latitude 33° iS'.  Thermometer 57.
On the 14th, we had moderate, though variable, weather, with the wind at north. We faw feveral AlbatrofTes flying about the fhip, and two very large ones, quite white, fwimming upon the water.
On the 15th, we had hard gales of wind from the e. and s. e. the weather very hazy, with fome rain, and faw a few Pintados.
On the 16th, the weather was fqually, but clear, and the wind s. W.
On the 18th, we were becalmed mofl: part of the day ; however, the weather was clear, and the wind S. W.
On the 19th, it was calm till the afternoon, and then we had a fliort breeze from the eafl. Mr. Banks went in the boat, and (hot fome Pintados, and caught fome Molufca, Doris, Phyllodore, and the fine purple Limax, which were fwimming upon the water. At night the water was full of rlafhes of light, occasioned by the Molufca. Latitude 290 S. Longitude 159 W. and we had a great fwell from the S. W,
M a
On
On the 21ft, we had a fmart breeze from the S. E. fuppofed to be the tall of the trade winds, with clear weather. This breeze continued till the 24th, with fair and moderate weather. We fleered S. S. W. in hopes of difeovering the continent. Latitude 31* 24'fouth, and 162 wefl longitude.
On that day the wind came about to the eafl: we faw fome fea-weeds, and a log of wood about three feet long.
On the 26th, we had a frefh breeze from the north, with the weather gloomy. We faw feveral parcels of fea-weed, of that kind called Leather-weed, in latitude 35* 53's* 162 longitude. In the night we had a very hard gale from the north,, with heavy fhowers of rain.
On the 27th, early in the morning, the wind was moderate, but the fea ran very high, and the (hip rolled fo much that every moveable on board was thrown about ; and it was with great difficulty that we faved ourfelves from being toiTed out of our cots. The night came on while we were in this fituation, which proved very dark, and every thing confpired to make it difmal, and aggravate our diftrefs. The next morning, however, was fair; the heavens cloudlefs; the fun rofe peculiarly bright,, and we had a fine breeze from the wefl. In the afternoon the wind veered to the north, and we faw many parcels of fea-weed of different forts. We alio faw a leal, and concluded that we were not far from land.   Latitude 37° 30' fouth.
On the 28th, we had a frefh gale from the wefl, which continued till noon, and then chopped about to the S. W. We altered our courfe to W. N. W. having run to the fouth as far as 400 latitude, and longitude 166° weft; met with fome fea-weed ; and faw feveral black-beaked Albatroffes and Shear-waters.
On the 29th, we had a fmart breeze from the fouth, with clear, though (harp weather ; thermometer 54; — faw feveral parcels of fea-wced, and a land-bird that flew like a plover; with a great number of Pintados, Shear-waters, and large white Albatroffes, with the tips of their wings black.. We founded, but found no bottom, with 120 fathoms of line*   The captain apprehended that we were near
lanrl,.
land, and promifed one gallon of rum to the man who mould firft difcover it by-day, and two if he difcovered it by night; alfo, that part of the coaft of the faid land fhould be named after him.
On the i ft of Odlober, the weather was fair, but very cold, and almoft calm. In the morning, we faw a feal afleep upon the furface of the water, which had, at firft, the appearance of a log of wood; we put the fhip about to take it up, but, it waked, and dived out of fight. Great flocks of Shear-waters flew about the fhip, and feveral parcels of fea-weed floated by the fide of it. We found, by this day's obfervation, that we had gone ten leagues farther to the northward, than what appeared by the log-account. The mafler was fent in quefl of a current, but could find none. Latitude 3,7° 45' fouth, and 1720 longitude, weft from London,
Though we had been fo long out at fea, in a diftant part of the world, we had a roafled leg of mutton, and French-beans for dinner; and the fare of Old England afforded us a grateful repafh
This day we founded, and found no bottom at 120 fathoms.
On the 2d, the fea was^ as fmooth as the Thames-, and the weather fair and clear. Mr. Banks went out in a little boat, and diverted himfelf in fhooting of Shear-waters, with one white Albatrofs, that meafured, from the tip of one wing to the other, ten feet, feven inches; and alfo picked up a great many weeds of various kinds: we fiw alfo feveral forts of rock-weed; and the water looked as green, as it does in the channel-On the 4th, we had light breezes from the S. E. with clear fharp weather^ In the morning we faw fome rock-weed; and, in the evening, a great flioal of bottle-nofed porpoifes fwam along-fide of the fhip, with a gren number of other porpoifes, having fharp white fnouts, and their fides and bellies of the fame colour*
On the 5th, we had light breezes from the N. E. and pleafant weather: about two ©clock in the afternoon one of our people, Nicholas Young, the furgeon's boy, defcrieda point of land, o£ New Zealand,, from the ftarboard bow, at about
nine
nine leagues diftance, bearing W. and by N. we bore up to it, and, at fun-feu, we had a good view of it. The land was high, and it appeared like an iiland. We regaled ourfelves in the evening upon the occafion; the land was called Young Nick's Mead, and the boy received his reward. The fea, on this coaft, was full of a fma 1 tranfparent animal, which, upon examination, we called Beroe Coaretata. Latitude 3S0 49/ :J?.
On the 8th, we had light breezes and dead calms all day, and could not get in rearer the land than two or three leagues; but it appeared, at this diftance, to be of confiderable extent, with many fmall iflanis around it; and had riling hills like the coaft of Portugal; We faw fmoke afcend from different parts, and thence concluded that it was inhabited.   The two extreme points of the land bore N. and
S. W. We faw feveral grampuiTes, but few birds.
On the 9th, early in the morning, the wind being favourable, we flood in nearer 2ard, where it feemed to open and form a deep bay; [fee pi. XIV.] but, on approaching it, we difcovered low land, and it was much shallower than we expected. Upon entering we had regular foundings all the way, from twenty-fix to fix fathoms, and caft anchor on the eaft fide in ten fathoms water, about two or three miles from the fhore, over-againft the land on the right, where there was the appearance of a river. At the entrance of the bay, which is a very large one, being about three leagues in breadth, and two in depth, are feveral chalky cliffs, from which runs a low ridge of land that ends in a hillock : at a little diftance from the hillock, there is a fmall high iiland, and, on the top of it, an inclofure of pales. Abundance of white cliffs are feen all along the coaft; and the hills appear to be covered with fmall wood and bulhes, affording but an indifferent landfcape. We difcovered feveral houfes by our glaffes. They feemed to be thatched, and the eaves of them reached to the ground. Within the bay there are many hills one behind another; though moft part of the bay is furrounded by a valley in which is a number of trees; from whence, as well as other parts of the country, we faw fome fmoke arife.    We alfo
# As we have, in pi. XXV given a map of the coaft of New Zealand, in which the latitudes and longitude*, of the feveral places vvc explored, arc correctly fet down, we fhall, in our account of that iflaod, onjif mentioning the fituation of places in that refped, and, once for all, refer the reader to the map.
difcovered
13
677436087175
TO    THE    S  O  U T  II    9 E   A S.
difcovered many of the natives (who feemed to be of a very dark hue) and feveral of their canoes hauled upon the beach. The natives, on approaching nearer to them, took but little notice of us. Having cafe anchor, the pinnace, longboat, and yaul, were fent on fhore with the marines. As foon as the people whev were in the pinnace had paffed a little Way up into the country, while the long-boat went up the river to fee for water, fome of the natives, who had hid them-felves amongfl the bufhes, made their appearance, having long wooden lances inr their hands, which they held up in a threatening pollute, as if they intended to throw them at the boys in the yaul. The cockfwain,. who flayed in the pinnace, perceiving them, fired a mufquetoon over their heads, but that did not feem to intimidate them : he therefore fired a mufket, and fliot one of them through the-heart; upon which they were much alarmed, and retreated precipitately.
The water in the river was found to be brackifh, in which we were difappointed j. but they fhot fome wild ducks of a very large fize, and our botanical gentlemen gathered a variety of curious plants in flower,
In the enfuing night, while we were all on board, the natives affembled on the fhore, which was about three miles diftance, talked loud, and were very clamorous* We ordered a ftrict watch to be kept all the night, left they fhould; come off in their canoes and furprife us.
Early on the morning of the 10th, the long-boat, pinnace, and yaul, went on-
more again; landed near the river where they had been the night before, and
attempted to find a watering place.   Several of the natives came toward them,.
and, with much entreating, we prevailed on fome of them to crofs the river, to
whom we gave feveral things, which they carried back to their companions on the
other fide of the river, who feemed to be highly pleafed with them, and teflified
their joy by a war-dance.   Appearing to be fo pacifically difpofed, our company
went over to them, and were received in a friendly manner.   Some of the natives
were armed with hnces, and others with a kind of ftone truncheon; through the
handle of it was-a firing, which they twilled round the hand that held it when
they attempted, to ftrike at any perfon. [See pi. XV.] We would have purchafed
fome of their weapons, but could not prevail on them to part with them on any
terms**
83 AVOYAGE.
terms. One of them, however, watched an opportunity, and matched a hanger from us; our people refented the affront by firing upon them, and killed three of them on the fpot; but the reft, to our furprife, did not appear to be intimidated at the fight of their expiring countrymen, who lay weltering in their blood ; nor did they feem to breathe any revenge upon the occafion ; attempting only to wreft the hanger out of the man's hand that had b~en fhot, and to take the weapons that belonged to their other two deceafed comrades; which having effected, they quietly departed. After having taken poffeffion of the country, in form, for the king, our company embarked, and went round the bay in fearch of water again, and to apprehend, if pofliblc,* fome of the natives, to gain farther informa'ion of them refpeeYing the ifland. They had not gone far before they faw a canoe j gave chace to it, and, when they came up with it, the crew threw ftoncs at them, and were very daring and infolent. Our people had recourfe to their arms: the Captain, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Banks, fired at them, and killed and wounded feveral of them. The natives fought very defperately with their paddles, but were foon overpowered : their canoe was taken, three of them made prffoners, and brought on board the fhip, and the reft were fuffered to efcape. They were, in perfon, much like the natives of Otaheite, and had their lips marked with a blut colour, but no other part of their bodies, in which they differed from the before-mentioned people. They talked very loud, but were rude in their addrefs, and more unpolifhed than the Otaheiteans. We were much furprifed to find they fpoke the Otahcitean language, though in a different dialect, fpeaking very guttural, having a kind ofhrc, which fome of the people of Yoolee-Etea have in their fpeech. Toobaiah underftood them very well, notwithftanding they make frequent ufe of the G and K, which the people of Otaheite do not. Their canoe was thirty feet long, made of planks fewed together, and had a lug-fail made of matting.
On the nth, in the morning, the boats went on fhore again, and carried the three men whom we had taken, dreffed up very finely. The men did not feem willing fo land, and when we left them, they cried, and faid that the people on that fide of the bay would eat them. While a party of our men went to cut wood, thefe men hid themfelves in the bufhes, and many of the natives appeared on the other fide cf the river. We beckoned to them, and, at length, one man, of more courage than the reft, ventured over to us without arms, with whom we conferred,
by
Mat? 2CV
^^0+.++2124:D
by our interpreter Toobaiah, for a confiderable time; and, during the conference, about two hundred more, armed with lances, poles, and ftone bludgeons, made up to us*, which the captain feeing, and being apprehenfive they intended to cut off our retreat to the boats, as they had got to the other fide of the river, he ordered us to'embark, and return to the fhip; which we did accordingly, taking with us the three natives whom we had brought on fhore ; but, in the afternoon, we fet them on fhore again ; they parted with us reluctantly, and went into the woods; but, fome time after, we faw them, With our glaffes, come out again, make figns to us, and then go in again.
Thefe men, while on board, ate an immoderate quantity of every thing that was fet before them, taking pieces at one time into their mouths fix times larger than we did, and drank a quart of wine and water at one draught. They informed us, that there was Taro, Eape, Oomara, Yams, and alfo a peculiar kind of Deer, to be found upon the ifland.
The natives on this fide of the bay were tataowed, or marked, in various forms on their faces; and their garments, wrought of rufhes, reached down below their knees, and were very thick and rough. Tluy tie their forefkins to their girdle with a firing, and have holes pierced in their ear?, which fhews that they fometimes wear fome fort of ear-ring? : they have alfo fome bracelets; necklaces they well knew the ufe of; but they did not like our iron wares. We faw a piece of wood which looked as fmooth as if it had been cut with an axe ; but of what materials the inftruments are compofe I, which they ufe for that purpofe, wc could not. learn. We went into fome of their houfes, which were very meanly thatched, having a hole in the center of the roof to let out the fmoke ; but we faw nothing in them except a few cockles, limpets, and mufcle-fhells.
We found here a fort of long-pepper, which tafted very much like mace ; a Fulica, or bald Coot, of a dark blue colour; and a Black-bird, the flefli of which was of an orange colour, and tafted like ftewed fliell-fifh. A vaft quantity of pumice-ftone lies al4 along upon the fhore, within the bay, which indicates that there is a volcano in this ifland.
N
On
90 A       V    O    Y    A    G E
On the i 2th, early in the morning, we weighed anchor, and attempted to find fome better anchoring-place, as this bay (which, from the few neceffaries we could procure, we called Poverty Bay) was not well fheltered from a S. E. wind, which., brings in a heavy fea.   The natives call the bay Taoneroa, and. the point of land, at the entrance on the eafl: fide, they call Tettua Motu.
In the afternoon we were becalmed, and fix canoes came off to us, filled with people; fome of them armed with bludgeons made of wood, and of the bone of alarge animal.. They were a fpare thin people, and had garments wrapt about them made of a filky flax, wove in the fame manner as the cotton hammocks of' Brazil, each corner being ornamented with apiece of dog-fkin. Moft of them had their hair tied up on the crown of their heads in a knot, and by the knot ftuck i comb of wood or bone. In and about their ears fome of them had white feathers, with pieces of birds fkins, whofe feathers were foft as down; hut others had the teeth of their parents, or a bit of green ftone worked very fmooth. Thefe ftone ornaments were of various mapes. They alfo wore a kind of fhoulder-knot, made of the fkin of the neck of a large fea-fowl, with the feathers on, fplit in two length-ways. Their faces were tataowed, or marked either all over, .or on one fide, in a very curious manner; fome of them in fine fpiral directions like a volute, [fee pi. XVI.] being indented in the fkin very different from the reft : and others had their faces daubed over with a fort of red ochre. The bottom of their canoes was made out of a tingle tree ; and the upper part was formed of two planks, fewed together,, narrowed both at head and ftern. The former was very long:, having: a carved head at the end of it painted red, and the ftern ended in a fiat beak. They had thwarts to fit on, and their paddles were curioufly ftained with a red colour, difpofed into various ftrange figures; and the whole together was no contemptible workmanfhip. After we had given them a variety of beads and other trinkets, they fet off in fo great a hurry, that they left three of their people on board with us. We were at this time off a cape,. which we named Table Cape: we made but little way that night..
On the 13th, two canoes came off to us, and one of the nativescame on board of our fhip, but, being, much intimidated, could not be prevailed an toftay long. He
was;
D69A
was tataowed in the face, and wore a garment made of a fort of filky flax, wrought very ftrong, with a black and brown border round it, and a weapon in his hand made of the bone of a grampus. [See pi. XXVI. fig. 22] There were feveral women in the canoe with uncommon long breafts, and their hps ftained with a blue ■colour.
In the afternoon, more canoes came to us. Some of the people in them were disfigured in a very flrange manner ; they brandilhed their arms, and (hewed figns of contempt, while the reft paddled hard to overtake us ; and, at length, attempted to board us. The captain ordered one of the men to fire a mufket over them, which they did not regard. A great gun, loaded with grape fliot, was fired, which made them drop aftern; but whether any of them were wounded, we could not difcover. Several of the canoes had outriggers; and one of them had a very curious piece of ornamental carving at the head of it.
At this time we were doubling the weft point of the land, formed by a fmall high ifland, and got into very foul ground, the foundings being from feven to thirteen fathoms, and were afraid of running upon it, but we happily efcaped. After we had doubled this ifland, which was called Portland Jfb, or, according to the natives, Teahowray, we got into a fort of large bay, and, the night coming on, we thought it beft to drop anchor, defigning, next morning, to make for a harbour in the corner of the bay, where there was the appearance of an inlet. Moft of the country in view makes in flat table-hills, with cliffs of a white clay toward the fea. In the evening, feveral of the natives came, in two canoes, to viiit us : they feemed to be more friendly than the former; but were, however, fo frightened, that we could not perfuade them to come on board : we offered them various things, which they kindly accepted.
On the 14th, we made for the inlet, which we faw the night before, and, on coming up to it, found that it was not fheltered, having only fome low land at the bottom of it. Ten canoes, filled with people, chaced us; but our fhip failing too fail for them, they were obliged to give over the purfuit.
We
We failed round mofl part of the bay without finding any opening ; and the foundings, all along the fhore, were very regular. The country appeared more fertile hereabout, and well covered with wood, the fea-fhore making in clayey cliffs, upon which the furf broke very high.   This bay was called Hawkc's Bay.
Tn the afternoon, a canoe followed us, with eighteen people in her, armed with lances ; but as they could not keep pace with us, they gave up their expedition.
In failing along, we could plainly diftinguifh land that was cultivated, parcelled out intofquare compartments, having fome forts of herbs growing upon them.
On the 15th, in the morning, we bent our courfe round a fmall peninfula, which was joined to the main land by a low ifthmus, on which were many groves of tall ftrait trees, that looked as if they had been planted by art j and, within-fule of it, the water was quite fmooth. We law fome very high ridges of hills ftreaked with fnow> and, when we had doubled the point of this peninfula, the low ifthmus appeared again, ftretching a long way by the fea-fide. The country v looked very pleafant, having fine doping hills, which ftretched out into beautiful green lawns, though not covered with wood, as other parts of the coaft are.
In the morning, while we were on the other fide of the peninfula, nine canoes came to us, in which were one hundred and fixty of the natives: they behaved in a very irrefolute manner, fometimes feeming as if they would attack us; then taking fright, and retreating a little ; one half paddling one way, and the other half paddling another, fhaking their lances and bone bludgeons at us, talking very loud and bluflering, [fee pi. XVII.] lolling out their tongues, and making other figns of defiance. We did all we could to make them peaceable, but to no purpofe, for they feemed, at length, refolved to do us fome mifchief; coming along-fide of the fhip again, and threatening us, we fired one of our guns, loaded with grape-lhot, over their heads: they looked upon us for fome time with aflonifhment, and then haftened away as faft as they could. By this time two other canoes came toward us, but flopped a little, and held a conference with thofe that were returning, and then made up to us, leaving the reft at fome diftance, who feemed to
wait
wait their deftiny.   We made figns to them that we meant them no harm, if they would behave peaceably, which they fo well underftood, that they took all their weapons and put them into a canoe, and fent it off while they came clofe to the (hip.   We threw them feveral kinds of things, but they were fo timorous that they durft not venture on board j nor would they fend any thing to us.   During this interview another canoe came up, threw a lance at the ftern of the (hip, and made off again.   The lance fell into the water and funk immediately.   There were fome good-looking people in thefe canoes, others were disfigured, and had a very lavage countenance.   One old man, in particular, who feemed tojbe a chief, was painted red, and had a red garment, but the garments of fome others were ftriped. The principals amongfl them had their hair tied up on the crown of their heads; and fome feathers, with a little bundle of perfume, hung about their necks. Moft of them were tataowed in the face, and many of them quite naked, who feemed to be fervants to the reft.   Several of them had pieces of a green ftone * hung about their neck?, which,feemed to be pellucid, like an emerald.   Their fpears were not unlike our fheriffs halberts, having red and yellow taflels tied to them.   In one of their canoes we faw a hatchet, made of the green ftone, in fhapc like thofe of Otaheite.   Their canoes [fee pi. XVIil.] had from eighteen to twenty-two men in them, and were adorned with fine heads made out of a thick board, cut through like filiigree-woik, in fpirals of very curious workmanfh;p.   At the end of this was a head, with two large eyes of mother-of-pearl, and a large heart-fhaped tongue.   This figure went round the bottom of the board, and had feet and hands carved upon it very neatly, and painted red: they had alfo high-peaked fterns, wrought in filligree, and adorned with feathers, from the top of which depended two long dreamers, made of feathers, which almoft reached the water.   Some of thefe canoes were between fifty and fixty feet long, and rowed with eighteen paddle: They gave us two Heivos, in their canoes, which were very diverting. They beat time with their paddle?, and ended all at once with the word Epaah ; at the fame inftant finking their paddles on the thwarts; all which afforded a truly comic act.
* Pieces of this kind of ftone were brought home in the Endeavour; on examination it appear* to he a fine fort of Nephritic ftone. This remark will ferve for all their ornaments hereafter mentioned, faid to be made of a green ftone.
The
The weather was remarkably fine for fome time before and after we came to this ifland, having light breezes, and clear weather, with fome calms.
On the 16th, we had feveral h" flier canoes come to usj and, after much per-fuafion, they gave us fome fi(h for cloth and trinkets; but none of their fifh was quite frefh, and fome of it flank intolerably. They went away very well fatisfied, and then a larger canoe, full of people, came up to us, having their faces mockingly befmeared with fome paint. An old man, who tat in the ftern, had on a garment of fome beaft's fkin, with longhair, dark brown, and white border, which we would have purchafed, but they were not willing to part with any thing. When the captain threw them a piece of red baize for it, they paddled away immediately; held a conference with the fifhers boats, and then returned to the fhip. We had laid a fcheme to trepan them, intending to have thrown a running bow line about the head of the canoe, and to have hoifled her up to the anchor ; but, juft as we had got her a-head for that purpofe, they feized Toobaiah's little boy* who was in the main-chains, and made off with him, which prevented the execution of our plan. We fired fome mufkets and great guns at them, and killed feveral of them. The boy, foon after, difmgaged himfelf from them, jumped into the fea, fwam toward the fhip, and we lowered down a boat and took him up, while the canoes made to land as faft as poflible.
The fpeech of thefe people was not fo guttural as the others, for they fpoke more like the Otahciteans. Many of them had good faces; their nofes rather high than fiat; and fome of them had their hair moft curioufly brought up to their crowns, rolled round, and knotted.
In the evening, wc were over-againft a point of land, which, from the circum-fiance of Healing the boy, we called Cape Kidnappers. On doubling the cape, we thought to have met with a fnug bay, but were difappointed, the land tending away to a point fouthward. Soon after we faw a fmall ifland, which, from its defoJate appearance, we called Bare Ifland*
Oh the 17th, we failed along the coaft, near as far as forty-one degree?, buV not meeting with any convenient harbour to anchor in, the land lying N. and S. when we came abreafl of a round bluff cape, we turned back, being apprehensive that we fhould want water if we proceeded farther to the fouthward; We faw no canoe?, but feveral villages, and, in the night, fome fires burning upon the land. The coaft appeared more barren than any we had feen before. There was clear ground, and good anchorage upon the coaft, two or three miles from the fhore; and from eight to twenty fathoms water. This cape v/e named Cape Turn-Again.
On the 19th, in the afternoon, we were off Hawke's Bay, which we could net enter, the wind being foul. A canoe came to us with five people in it, who feemed to place great confidence in us: they came on board, and faid they would flay all night. The man, who feemed to be the chief, had a new garment, made of the white filky flax, which was very flrong and thick, v/ith a beautiful border of black, red, and white round it.
On the 20th, early in the morning, having a fine breeze, we made Table Cape,, paffed Poverty Bay, and came to a remarkable point of land, being a flat perpendicular triangular-fliaped rock, behind which there appeared to be a harbour, but, on opening it, we found none: this point we called Gable-End Foreland. The country is full of wood, and looks very pleafant in this part; but, toward night, we faw fome land that appeared very broken and dreary, formed into a number of points, over which we could fee the back land.
On the 2iff, we anchored in a very indifferent harbour, in eight fathoms-and a half water, about one mile and a half from the fhore, having an ifland on our left hand, which fomewhat flickered us. Many canoes came off to us, and two old men, of their chiefs, came on board. Thefe people feemed very peaceably inclined, and were willing to trade with us for feveral trifles which they had brought with them. We faw many houfes, .and feveral tracts of land, partly hedged in and cultivated, which-formed an agreeable view from the harbour, called, by
the
the natives, Tegadoo. Some of our boats went on more for water, and found a rivulet where they filled their cafks, and returned to the fhip unmolefted by the inhabitants, many of whom they faw near the rivulet.
On the 22d, in the morning, the boats went on fhore again for wood and water; and, a fhort time after, Mr. Banks and fome others followed them; and, while they were abfent, the natives came on board and trafficked with us; having brought fome parcels of Oomarra, and exchanged them with us for Otaheite cloth, which is a fcarce commodity amongft them. They were very cunning in their traffic, and made ufe of much low artifice. One of them had an axe made of the before-mentioned green ftone, which he would not part with for any thing we offered him. Several of them were very curioufly tataowed ; and one old man was marked on the bread with a large volute, and other figures. The natives, both on board and on fhore, behaved with great civility, and, at night, they began to heivo and dance in their manner, which was very uncouth; nothing could be more droll than to fee old men with grey beards affuming every antic poflure imaginable, rolling their eyes about, lolling out their tongues, and, in fhort, working themfelves up to a fort of phrenzy.
The furf running high, the men who went on more found great difficulty in getting the water into the long-boat, and, in coming off, the boat was fwampt; we therefore enquired of the natives for a more convenient watering-place, and they pointed to a bay bearing S. W. by W. On receiving this information we weighed anchor; but, the wind being againfl us, we flood off and on till the next morning, the 23d, and then bore away to leeward, and looked into the bay which we had paffed before. About noon we dropped anchor, and one of our boats went into a little cove where there was fmooth landing and frefh water, and we moored the fhip about one mile and a half from the fhore. This bay is called, by the natives Tolaga, and is very open, being expofed to all the violence of the call wind. Several canoes came along-fide of the fhip, of whom we got fome fifh, Oomarras, or fweet potatoes, and feveral other things; but the natives were very indifferent about moft of the things we offered them, except white cloth and glaffcs, which fuited their fancy, fo that we found it difficult to trade with them. They had feme green ftone axes and ear-rings but they would not part with
them,
them on any terms; and as to their Oomarras, they fet a great value upon them.
The country about the bay is agreeable beyond defcription, and, with proper cultivation, might be rendered a kind of fecond Paradife. The hills are covered with beautiful flowering fhrubs, intermingled with a great number of tall and {lately palms, which fill the air with a mofl grateful fragrant perfume.
We faw the tree that produces the cabbage, which ate well boiled. We alfo found fome trees that yielded a fine tranfparent gum: and, between the hills, we difcovered fome fruitful valleys that are adapted either to cultivation or paflurage. The country abounds with different kinds of herbage fit for food; and, among fuch a variety of trees as are upon this find, there are, doubtlefs, many that produce eatable fruit. Our botanifts were agreeably employed in invefligating them, as well as many other leffer plants with which the country abounds. Within land there were many fcandent ferns and parafaitic plants; and, on the fea fhore, Sali-cornias, Mifembrean, Mums, and a variety of Fucus's. The plant, of which they make their cloth, is a fort of Heme roc all is* and the leaves yield a very flrong and glofly flax, of which their garments and ropes are made. Adjoining to their houfes are plantations of Koomarra * and Taro -f : Thefe grounds are cultivated with great care, and kept clean and neat.
The natives, who are not very numerous in this part of the country, behaved very civil to us: they are, in genefal, lean and tall, yet well fliaped; have faces like Europeans; and, in general, the aquiline nofe, with dark-coloured eyes, black hair, which is tied up on the crown of the head, and beards of a middling length. As to their tataowing, it is done veiy curioufly in fpiral and other figures i and, in many places, indented into their fkins, which looks like carving ; though, at a diflance, it appears as if it had been only fmeared with a black paint. This tataowing is peculiar to the principal men among them: fervants and wotmn content themfcives with befmearing their faces with red paint or ochre; and, were it not for this nafly cuflom, would make no defpicable appearance. Their cloth is white, and as glofly as filk, worked by hands, and wrought as even as if it
O had
• A fwect potatoe, which the Otahciteans call Oomarra. f Yams.
q8 AVOYAGE
bad been done in a loom, and is chiefly worn by the men, though it is made by the women, who alfo carry burdens, and do all the drudgery. Their cloathing confifts in a girdle of platted grafs, which they wear round their loins, having fome leaves hung upon it, and a kind of grafs-rug cloak thrown over their moulders. Many of the women, that we faw, had very good feature?, and not the favage countenance one might ex peel j [fee pi. XIX.] their lips were, in general, ffained of a blue colour, and feveral of them were fcratched all over their faces as if it had been done with needles or pins. This, with a number of fears which we faw on the bodies of the men, was done upon the deceafe of their relations. The men have their hair tied up, but the womens hangs down j nor do they wear feathers in it, but adorn it with leaves. They feem to be proud of their fex, and expect you fhould give them every thing they defire, becaufe they are women ; but they take care to grant no favours in return, being very different from the women in the iflands who were fo free with our men.
The men have a particular tafte for carving: their boats, paddles, boards to put on their houfes, tops of walking flicks, and even their boats valens, are carved in a variety of fiourifhes, turnings and windings, that are unbroken; but their favourite figure feems to be a volute, or fpival, which they vary many ways, Angle, double, and triple, and with as much truth as if done from mathematical draughts: yet the only inftruments we have feen are a chizzel, and an axe made of ftone. Their fancy, indeed, is very wild and extravagant, and I have feen no imitations of nature in any of their performances, unlefs the head, and the heart-fhaped tongue hanging out of the mouth of it, may be called natural,   [See pi. XXVI. fig. 16.]
The natives-build their huts on riflng ground under a tuft of trees; they are of an oblong fquare, and the eaves reach to the ground. The door is on one fide, and very low; their windows are at one end, or both. The walls are compofed of feveral layers of reeds covered with thatch, and are of confiderable thicknefs. Over the beams, that tompofe the eaves, they lay a net made of grafs, which is alfo thatched very clofe and thick. Their fires are made in the center upon the floor, and the door ferves them for a chimney. Their houfes, therefore, of courfe, muff, be full of fmoke; and we obferved that every thing brought out of them ' fmeft flrong of it; but ufe, which is a kind of fecond nature, makes them infen-
fible
Y$%//$/M
TO    THE    SOUTH    SEAS. 99
fible of the inconvenience, or they would have found out fome means to have removed it; for necefnty is the mother of invention. We faw but few of their houfes, and thofe few were moflly deferted, their inhabitants having forfaken them through fear of us, who, doubtiefs, appeared as ftrange kind of beings to them as they did to us. «
We faw many beautiful parrots, and birds of various kinds, one in particular that had a note very much like our blackbird j but we found no ground fowl, or domeftic poultry. Of quadrupeds we faw no other than dogs, which were like thofe on the iiland of Otaheite, and of them but a few, though it cannot be fuppofed that fo large a country, as this appears to be, fhould be deflitute of deer, and other kind of four-footed animals.
This bay abounds in a variety of fim, particularly fhell and cray-fifh ; fome of the latter, which we caught, weighed eleven pounds; thefe are found in great plenty, and feemed to be the principal food of the inhabitants, at this feafon of the year, though they have a kind of fern, the roots of which, roafled, make a good fubflitute for bread, efpecially when their Koomarra is young and unfit for ufe.
Mofl of the rocks, which are many on the fea more, are compofed of a fandy flone, through which the furf had worn feveral paflages. One of them, in particular, was very romantic, it had the appearance of a large arch which led from the fea-fide into the vallies, and through it ran a flream of water. The whole formed a very uncommon view, [fee pi. XX.] peculiarly finking to a curious fpecTator.
From the view which we had of the coafl, and the obfervattons made, we might judge that the country is well fituated, naturally fertile, and capable of great improvement by cultivation, efpecially as the climate is diflinguifhably mild and favourable.
0 2 We
We had clear and fair weather all the time we were upon the coaft, excepting one day, and, though the weather was hot, yet it feemed, by what we obferved, that a fea breeze conftantly fet in about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, which moderated it.
On the 30th, having obtained a fufficient quantity of wood and water, we left the bay, and, failing along the coaft, about noon came up with a point of land before an ifland : this point we called Eafl Cape ; and the iiland, Eafl Ifland, from which the land altered its direction, and tended away to the weft. This day the land appeared to us considerably higher than the reft. It was divided by fine deep valleys, and had all the appearance of a rich fertile country, being cloathed with large verdant trees, had fome parcels of ground cultivated, and feveral rivulets among them which loft themfelves in the fea. We could alfo difcover feveral villages, which feemed to have been fenced in by art. We paffed a bay which we called Hicks's Bay, after our firft lieutenant.
On the 31ft, we failed along the coaft, and had light breezes, and pleafant weather. In the forenoon feven canoes came off to us in a hoflile manner, bran-difhing their lances, and waving their paddles. One of thefe canoes was very large, and had between fifty and fixty people in her; fome of them gave us an heivo; and one of them, a priefl, as we fuppofed, talked very much. They kept paddling about us, calling out to us Kaka he, no Tootwais, harre yoota patta pattoo-, that is to fay, if we would go on more they would beat us with their patta pat-too?; and, being apprehenfive that if we fuffcred them to approach nearer to us, we might be obliged to offer violence to them, the captain ordered a gun, loaded with grape-fhot, to be fired over their heads, the report of which terrified them lb much, that they paddled away till they had got, as they fuppofed, out of our reach, and then they flopped, and held a confutation; after which they feemed as if they intended to return, and we fired another gun loaded with ball, and then they made as fafl as poffible to the fhore. Thefe were the fame fort of people, and their canoes of the fame kind with thofe we had feen before. Being at this time off a cape, we named it, from the hafty retreat of the natives, Cape Runaway.   This day we difcoyered land to the N.E. of us.
On the i ft of November, a great number of canoes came off to us, one of which had part of a human fkull to throw out the water with. We prevailed on fome of the natives to come along-fide of the fhip, and traded with them for cloth, cray-iifh, and mufcles. They gave us feverl Heivos, but fome of them feemed to threaten us. A breeze fpringing up, we left them; and, a little farther on the coaft, another fquadron of fifher-boats came off to us, with whom alfo we had fome traffic. Thefe, as well as the reft, were very ready to fnatch any thing they could lay their hands on ; and, watching an opportunity, they ftole a pair of fheets that were tied by a line at the fhip's ftern, and were going off with them, upon which we fired feveral mufkets, but they did not much regard them; we then fired fome grape-fhot amongft them, and they paddled away fomething fafter, till they imagined themfelvcs out of our reach, and then they held up their paddles, and feemed to defy us. We fired another gun loaded with round and grape-fhor, which* paffed between two canoes, and narrowly miffed them j on which they hefitated no longer, but repaired immediately to the fhore.
Toward night, we were near a fmall high iiland, called by the natives Mow-tohora, about three leagues from the land. In going between this and the main land, a canoe came off to us from the ifland. This canoe was double, and differed in other refpecls from thofe we had feen before. After we had talked with the people which came in it a confiderable time, they gave us feveral heivos, then looked at us very ftedfaftly, and, having threatened us, they flood off toward the main land. Oppofite to this there is a high peaked hill, which we named Mount Edgecombe; and a fmall bay, which we called Lowland Bay, and the two points thereof, from their fituation, Highland Point, and Lowland Point; the latter of which ftretches a great way, and is covered with trees; near it there are three fmall iflands, or rocks, and it was with difficulty that we fleered clear of them in the night, and got into fix fathoms water; foon after which we made a point of land, which we called Town Point: this was at the entrance of a little cove.
On the 2d, in the morning, we difcovered three forts of land j buf, as the weather was hazy, could not make many obfervations. We alfo paffed three other iflands: one of them was rocky, high and barren, which we called White Ifland. The other two were lower ; one of them we named Flat Ifland, in which which we faw a village. A canoe purfued us, but, having a brifk breeze, it could not overtake us. Toward night it blew pretty hard, right on fhore j we therefore tacked about, and failed backward and forward till the next morning, the 3d: then the canoe which we faw the night before gave us chace again j having a fail, they at length came up with us; failed along-fide of us for a confiderable time, and now and then gave us a fong, the tune of which was much like the chant which the popifh priefls ufe at mafs: they alfo gave us a heivo, but foon after threw fome flones at us: we fired a mufket, loaded with fmall fhot, at a young man who diflinguifhed himfelf at the fport, and he fhrunk down as if he had been wounded. After a fhort confultation they doufed the fail, and flood back for an ifland.
We failed along with a moderate breeze, and paffed an ifland, or clufler of rocks, whkh we called the Court of Aldermen: and, from the vicinity of one of the three lafl mentioned iflands to them, we gave it the name of The Mayor.
This clufler of rocks lies off a point of land, and terminates the bounds of this large bay to the N. W. which, from the number of canoes that came off to us, bringing provifions,, we named The Bay of Plenty.
The coaft hereabout appeared very barren, and had a great number of rocky iflands, from which circumftance we named the point, Barren Point. The land is very grotefque, being cleft, or torn into a variety of ftrange figures, and has very few trees upon it. About noon, feveral canoes came off to us, and the people in them were fo daring as to throw a lance into the fhip, but we fired a mufket, and they paddled away from us. Their canoes were formed out of one tree, and fliapcd like a butcher's tray, without any ornament about them. The people, who were naked, excepting one or two, were of a very dark complexion, and made a mean appearance. We flood in for a bay, and, at night, anchored in it, having feven fathoms water.   Several canoes, like the former, followed us; the people in them
cut
1
cut a defpicable figure; but they were very merry, and gave us feveral heivos, or cheers.
This bay, which the inhabitants call Opoorangee, is the befl harbour we have found, being well land-locked; and we found good landing at the watering-place, in a falt-water river, which winds a great way up into the country. At the bottom of the bay there is another river, which alfo feems to extend very far within land. The name the natives gave to the country, about the bay, is Konigoo-taoivrao.
On the 4th, early in the morning, we were vifited by feveral canoes; the people in them, about one hundred and thirty-five in number, had a few arms, but feemed unrefolved what todoj fometimes flaring at us in a wild manner, and then threatening us: but, at laft, they traded with us, exchanging the few trifles they had brought for cloth. They were very fly, and attempted to cheat us. We fired feveral mufkets at them, and wounded two of them; the reft, however, did not feem to be alarmed till the captain fhot through one of the canoes, which ftruck them with a panic j and, on firing a great gun, they made off to land,
On the 5th, in the morning, two of the natives came on board, and feemed to be very peaceably inclined : we made them fome prefents ; they exchanged what trifles they had for fmall pieces of cloth, which they were very fond of, and went away highly pleafed, promifing to bring us fome fifh. Some people, it feemed, came to them now-and-then from the north, plundered them of every thing they could find, and carried their wives and children away captives; and not knowing who we were, nor our defign in vifiting their coaft, was the reafon that they were at firft fo fhy of us. To fecure themfelves from thefe free-booters, they build their houfes near together on the tops of rocks, which, it feems, they can eafily defend againfl the affaults of their enemies; but, being fo fubject to the ravages of thofe ruffians, they are much difpirited, and that may be the principal caufc of their poverty and wretchednefs.
We
We fent the pinnace to haul the feine, and caught a large draught of mullets, and other kind of nm. In the mean time the yaul drudged for fhell-fifh, and met with indifferent fuccefs.
On the 9th, a great number of the natives came in canoes about the fhip, and brought us a large quantity of fifh, moflly of the mackrel kind, with a few John Dories j and we pickled down feveral calks full of them.
Some of thefe canoes came from another part of the country, which were larger, and of a better fort than the reft: the people in them, too, had a better appearance ; among whom there were fome of fuperior rank, furnifhed with good garments, droned up with feathers on their heads, and had various things of value amongfl them, which they readily exchanged for Otaheite cloth. In one of the canoes there was a very handfomc young man, of whom I bought fome things: he feemed, by the variety of his garments, which he fold one after another tilt he had but one left, to be a perfon of diflindlion amongfl them: his la ft garment was an upper one, made of black and white dog-fkin, which one of the lieutenants would have purchafed, and offered him a large piece of cloth for it, which he fwung down the ftern by a rope into the canoe ; but, as foon as the young man had taken it, his companions paddled away as fafi as poffible, fhouting, and brandifhing their weapons as if they had made a great prize ; and, being ignorant of the power of our weapons, thought to have carried it off fecurely ; but a mufket was fired at them from the ftern of the fhip: the young man fell down immediately, and, it is probable, was mortally wounded, as we dd not fee him rife again. What a fevere punifliment of a crime committed, perhaps, ignorantly ! The name of this unfortunate voun^man, we afterwards learned, was Otirreeobnooe.
The weather being clear all day, we made a good obfervation of the paffag* of Mercury over the fun's difk, while Mr. Green made an obfervation on fhore. From this circumflance the Bay was termed Mercury Bay.
On-the Ilth, it blew very hard all day from the N. and N. by E. and a great fwell tumbled into the bay, which rendered our fituation a very favourable
or.e;
one; for, had we been out at fea, we fhould have had a lee-fhore. The inhabitants did not venture out in their canoes this day; and, the night before, we were almoft fwamped in coming off in the long-boat, being upon the flioals, and the fea running high.
While we lay in this bay the natives brought us a great number of cray-iifh, of an enormous fize, which were very good. Thefe were caught by women, who dived for them in the furf amongfl the rocks. A long-boat full of rock oyfters, too, were brought on board of us at one time, which were good food, and tafted delicioufly. A little way up the river there were banks entirely compofed of them. We alfo got abundance of parlley for the fhip's ufe; and, at the place where we watered, we found a great quantity of fern, the root of which partakes much of a farinaceous quality: the natives dry it upon the fire, then beat it upon a ftone, and eat it inflead of bread.
On the 16th, in the morning, the weather being very fair, we weighed anchor, and flood out to fea, but, having a ftrong breeze from the weft, which was againfl us all this day and the next, being the 17th, we did nothing lut beat to windward. The country in view appeared rather barren, and had but few figns of inhabitants.   We faw feveral iflands, which we named Mercury iflands.
On the 18th, in the morning, we paffxi between the m:dn and an iiland which appeared to be very fertile, and as large as Yoolee-Etea. Two canoes came to us from the main, hiving carved heads, like thofe we had feen in the bay of Opoo-rangee: one of them was longer thin the other, and had fixty of the natives in her: they gazed at us awhile, and then gave us feveral heivos; but the breeze freshening, they were obliged to drop aftern, and we foon left them. The coafl: hereabout is full of iflands: the name of the largeft is Waootaia; and one of the fmall ones is called Matoo Taboo. After we had palled this ifland, (die paflage between which and the main we named Port Charles,) it feemed as if we were in a large bay, the land furrounding us on every fide, excepting a-head, where we could difcover none : we bent our courfe that way, and got, at leng h, inclofed between two fhores, which feemed to form a kind of ftrait. Night coming on, we anchored here, not daring to venture farther, as we knew not whether we were
P hi
in a flrait or a bay. The land on both fides of us appeared very broken, and had" a high and bold fhore, tolerably well cloathed with verdure; but it appeared to be thinly inhabited; nor did we fee any figns of cultivation. There are many fmall iflands along the fhore, among which are fome good harbours.
On the 19th, in the morning, feveral of the natives came on board of us : their canoes were the largefl we had feen, and the people in them behaved very friendly. By what we could learn, they had got intelligence of us from the people that inhabit the country about Opoorangee Bay, which is not very diflant. They told us this was not an entrance into the main* but a deep bay. Some of them prefented us with a large parcel of fmoaked eels, which tailed very fweet and lufcious. We obfcrved that the natives mode of falutation was by putting their nofes together.
We failed along till we came to fix fathoms water, and then let go our anchor. The weather being hazy, we could not have fo good a view of the land upon the coafl as we wifhed to have ; but it appeared to be well covered with wood, and fome parts of it cultivated. This day we caught a confiderable quantity of fim-, widi hook and line,, of the fcienna or bream kind. The natives call this harbour Ooaliaowragee^.
On the 20th, early in the morning, the Captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. SoIanderr fet our, in the long-boat and pinnace, for the bottom of this gulph, to fee in what manner it terminated : and, as it blew very frefh, and a great fwell rolled into the 1 ay all day, they did not attempt to return till the next morning, the 21 ft j then, with fome difficulty, un account of the fwell, they reached the fhip again, and' reported, that they had been a confiderable way up a frefh-water river, at the end t,f the gulph, in which they found three fathoms water. It was about half a mile-broad, and. would make an excellent harbour. Near the entrance of this river,, which they named the Thames, there was a village, and a Hippa, or place of refuge, creeled to defend it, which was furrounded by piquets that reached above water when the tide was up ;. and, at Low-water, it was unapproachable on account of a foil deep mud. The inhabitants of the village behaved civil and obliging-, and promifedto bring fome provifions to the fhip; but, the weather proving' un~ favourable, they could not iulfil their engagement.   Qn that day they alio met
witb.
TO    THE    SOUTH    SEAS. 10?
with the large tree of which we had feen fo many groves formed in different parts of tiie coaft. This tree has a fmall narrow leaf, like a juniper's, and grows to the height of ninety feet, and is nine feet in girth. It is generally found in low land, and has a very dark-coloured appearance at a diftance. The natives, it is thought, make their canoes of this tree. They alfo faw feveral young cabbage palm-trees, and a new fpecies of Pardanus, or palm-nut.
In the afternoon we weighed anchor, proceeded down the gulph with the tide, the wind blowing hard from N. N. W. and, toward night anchored pretty near the fhore.
On the 22d, in the evening, feveral canoes, full of people, fome of whom wc faw the night before, came on board, brought us fome provifions, and parted very readily with their cloaths, and any thing they had about them, for pieces of wafle paper and Otaheite cloth, which they put about their heads and ears, and were very proud of their drefs.
The wind being flill againfl us, we were obliged to tide it down the river, and anchored between tides, and paffed a point of land which we called Point Rodney.
The next day, being the 23d, we had heavy rain?, accompanied with thunder.
On the 24th, we had a fmart breeze from the S. W. and, failing along fhore, paffed between the main and a number of ifhnds of feveral fizes. The appearance of the coaft was very different at different places; well cloathed and verdant in fome parts, and barren in others; but we faw no figns of inhabitants in any. We anchored in an open biy, and caught a great number of large fifhes of the fcienna or bream kind ; we therefore named this Bream Bay ; and the two extreme points which formed it, Bream Head and Bream Tail. Off this bay lies a parcel of rocks, to which we gave the appellation of the Hen and Chickens.
On the 25th, we had clear weather, with the wind at S. W. The coaft wc paffed along that day was moflly level, having but few figns of inhabitants: to-
P 2 ward
ward night feveral large canoes came off* to us, rilled with people, armed with a variety of weapons; they paddled round the fhip, finging and dancing ; fometimes grinning, and then threatening: we trafficked with them for fome things; but they went off with fome others, meaning to take an advantage of us. While they were parlying among themfelves we fired feveral mu/kets at them, loaded with fmall fhot, which they attempted to fkreen themfelves from with their ahavos, or cloaks. We fired again, and fplintered one of their canoes, which feemed to alarm them much, and they paddled away from us as faff as poffible, till they thought themfelves out of our reach, and then they flopped and threatened us; but we fired a great gun, which fo thoroughly difconcerted them, that they made the beff of their way to the fhore. Thefe people were much like them we had feen heretofore, excepting that they were more tataowed : moft of them had the figure of volutes on their lips, and feveral had their legs, thighs, and part of their bellies, marked. One woman, in particular, was very curioufly tataowed. The tataow upon their faces was not done in fpirals, but in different figures from what we had ever feen before.
On the 26th, many canoes vifited us. The people in them were much the fame as the former. They had a variety of things on board, and about them, but were loth to part with any of them excepting fifh, of which we obtained a large quantity.
The coaft we failed along this day, was generally barren, and broke into a number of fmall iflands, among which we prefumed there might be fafe and good anchorage.   We had calm and pleafant weather.
On the 27th, we were among a parcel of fmall broken iflands, which we called the Poor Knights; and many canoes came along fide of us, but the people in them feemed to be half mad. We afked them for fome fifh, and they took them up by handfuls and threw them at us, not regarding whether they had any thing from us in return : more canoes coming up, they began to behave very rudelv, and heaved ftones at us. One man, in particular, more active than the reft, took up a flick and threw it at one of our men on the taffel. A mufket loaded with fmall fhot wa? fired at him, upon which he clapped his hands to his face and fell flat in
the
the canoe This event alarmed the reft, and they made off as faft as they could, and we faw no more of them.
The wind having been againft us for feveral days, and as we could get no farther with cur heavy fhip, on the 29th, in the morning, having weathered a long point of land, which we named Cape Brett, we bore away to leeward ; got into a very large harbour, where we were land-locked, and had feveral pretty coves on every fide of us.   We paffed a fmall iiland which we named Piercy Ifland, and foon after caft anchor.   Many canoes came off to us; and the people in them, according to cuftom, behaved fomewhat unruly: while I faluted one of them, in their manner, he picked my pocket.   Some of our people fired upon them, but they did not feem to regard it much.   One of our boats went on fhore, and then they fet off all at once, and attempted to feize her, in which, however, they failed j but foon after Mr. Banks got on fhore, he had like to have been apprehended by one of the natives, but happily efeaped.   The marines fired upon them ; five great guns were fired from the fhip, and Otegoowgoow, [fee pi. XXL] fon to one of their chiefs, was woundjd in the thigh.   The natives, affrighted, fled precipitately to a Hippa, where our people followed them j and, at length, they became very fubmiflive.   Had thefe barbarians acted more in concert, they would have been a formidable enemy, and might have done us much mifchief; but they had no kind of order or military difcipline among them.   They gave us fome large mackare*!, which ate very delicioufly, and that was almoft the only article they would part with.
On the 5th of December, we weighed anchor, but were becalmed at the entrance of the bay, which we called the Bay of Iflands, from the many iflands in it. However, as it frequently happens in life, a leffer evil feoured us from a greater; being detained here, we efeaped a fevere gale at fea, that might have proved very dangerous to us, as the wind blew a perfect hurricane, one day. accompanied with heavy fhowcrs of rain.
The natives (being more fenfible of our power) behaved very civil, and brought us a great many fifh; and while we lay here, we caught fome ourfelves with hook and line.
1 10
A VOYAGE
A canoe came into the bay that had eighty people in her, mofl: of whom padr dled } the chiefs wore garments of dogs fkins, and were very much tataowed ; the men upon their hips, and the women on their breads, necks, and bellies. We faw many plantations of the Koomarra, and fome of the Eaowte, or cloth trees. .
At nighf, again, it was almoft calm, and we were near the fhore. We defigned to tack about, but were hurried, by an eddy-tide, upon the breakers, off a point of land called, by us, Point Pocoeke, before we were aware of it, which threw us into a panic, and occafioned great confuflon. Not having room to anchor, we hoifted out the pinnace to tow her off: we thought we had feen a whale, but it proved to be a rock, and we flruck upon it twice. We got clear of it again, and ftreamed the buoy, but luckily did not let go the anchor. Soon after we faw feveral fmall iflands, which we named Cavalle Iflands. We paffed two points of land which formed a bay, to which we gave the appellation of Doubtlefs Bay; and the two points which formed it were called by us Bay Point, and Knuckle Point. We were now got into a very long open bay, which, from the appearance of the country, we named Sandy Bay.
We beat to windward four days, and made but little way, having continual breezes from the wefl; and, on the 19th, many canoes came off to us, of which we bought a good quantity of fifh. The land hereabout looked very barren, and tends away to the north.
On the icth, the wind was N. W. we beat to windward, and made but little way. The land in fight was very low, and very barren, being moflly fandy, having here and there a few bufhes, but fcarce a tree to be feen, yet it appeared to be inhabited.
On the 13th, the N. W. wind flill prevailing, we could do nothing but lie on and off the land, without making any way. It blew very hard, and we had fome fierce fqualls, attended with heavy fhowers of rain, which drove us back to where we had been four days before.
On the 14th, we were quite out of light of land ; the wind continued to blow very ftrong; we had great fwells from the weft; and our fails being very tender, many of them were much torn in the gale.
On the 17th, in the morning, we were near land again, which feemed to be the fartheft north, the land tending away from this point, which we called the North Cape to the South Weft. This land was pretty high, with a table top. We faw no canoes, nor any inhabitants; but, in the evening, we faw fome fmoke on the high land-On the 20th, the wind ftill continuing wefterly, we got no farther than ths1 laft bluff point. We had fome violent fqualls of wind, with heavy rains, thunder* and lightening*
On the 21 ft, in the morning, the wind came about to the fouth ; but, as wc were a confiderable diftance from fhore, we could only fland to the weftward,, without being able to get near the land.
On the 24th, after having beat about for three days, we difcovered land, which we fuppofed was the ifland of the Three Kings, though we could not bring it to appear any thing like the defcribed figure of that ifland in Dalrymple's Book, having nothing of that broken appearance which that figure exhibits, forming one large clump of land, rather flat at the top, with eleven fmall rocks lying in a row from it. It being calm, Mr. Banks went out in the fmall boat; and we faw fome birds fo much like our ifland geefe, that we could not have diflinguifhed the difference. We caught feveral of them, made them into a pye, and they tailed excellently..
On the 27th, in the morning, it blew very hard from the eafl, all diy, accompanied with heavy fliowers of rain,, and we brought the fhip to under a reef main-faiL
I 12
A VOYAGE
On the 28th, the wind veered about to the S. W. and blew from that quarter fiercer than it had done the day before from the eafl; the fea alfo ran very high, and we brought to under a balanced mizen, and a mizen flay-fail.
On the 30th, we difcovered land to leeward of us, which we took for Cape Maria Van Diemen ; but as the wind continued full very boifterous, and the fea ran very high, we did not venture to approach near it; we therefore tacked about, and flood to the N. W. intending to fland backwards and forwards till the weather fhould be more moderate. In the evening, we difcovered the ifland of the Three Kings, on our lee-bow, and tacked about, without attempting to weather it.
On the 31ft, the wind blowing from the S. W. we did not approach the fhore, but, in the afternoon, we faw the land very plain, and difcovered a mountain which we had feen on the other fide of the land j we called it Mount Camel, from its likenefs to that animal: to the north of which it appears very fandy and barren, having only here and there a green plat. The fame neck of land we faw on the other fide, which reaches to Cape Maria Van Diemen, and this tends to the S. E.
On the 3d of January, 1770, in the forenoon, we faw the land again ; this was high flat table land, and tended away to the S. E. where we loft fight of it; the wind flill continued between the fouth and wefl.
On the 4th, we flood along fhore: the coaft appeared very low, fandy, and barren. About noon, the wind began to frifk and blow from the S.W. and fearing, if it fhould blow frefher, that we might get foul on a lee-fhore, we tacked about, and proceeded to the N. W. Before we tacked, we obierved a bending of the land which we thought might be- a bay, but it proved other wife, and we therefore named it Falfe Bay.
On the 7th, we had l:ght breezes and calms for feveral days, with fair weather, and were out of fight of land. On that day we faw a fun-fifh, very fhort and thick, having fcirce any tail, but two large fins; it was as big as a fhark, and
of the fame colour.
3430
9238
5757
TO    THE    S O  U T II    SEAS. n3
On the 9th, we had a pleafant breeze from the N. E. the weather gloomy; the land in view low and level, tending away to the S. E. In the evening it appeared higher, and tended fuddenly to the weft ; but we were not near enough to diftinguilh any thing upon it.
On the 10th, we had a fine breeze from the north, and palled a high Hoping land, covered with wood, where we had feen fome fmoke. A few leagues farther from this point, which we called Woody Pont, we faw a fmall flat ifland, or rock, which was almoft covered with . gannet?, or foland geefe; and therefore called it Gannet Iiland. Soon after we pafLd a point of land, at which time, feeing a number of albatroiTes on the fea, we named it Albatrofs Point : This point ftretched out a great way, and formed a fmall harbour. As we proceeded on our courfe, the land, though level, appeared much higher, and pretty well cloathed with verdure. We faw a point of land which we called, from its appearance, Sugar-Loaf Point, near which are feveral fmall iilands; and, ■from their vicinity to the point, we named them Sugar-Loaf Ifles. The weather being ftill gloomy, and the wind veering about to the S. W. we were obliged to ftand off and on the land.
On the nth, in the evening, we difcovered a very peaked hill, which appeared to be as high as the peak of TenerifTe; [fee pi. XXII.] and all the bottom part of it was covered with clouds in the fame manner; we named it Mount Esmont.
The next morning, on the 12th, we approached nearer to it, but could not fee the top of it, which was loft in the clouds. From this p*ak the land declined gradually to a point on each fide, one ending in the fea, and the other ftretching to the coaft north of it, which was, in general, low and level, but covered with trees, as were alfo both fides of the peak. When we were abreaft of it we had very heavy fhowers of rain, with thunder and lightening; and, at length, the peak itfelf was totally inveloped in darknefs. In the night we faw a large fire. The point off this peak we called Cape Egmont,
q On
On the 13th, early in the morning, we defcried the top of the peak, which was ftreaked with fnow, and, rinding the land tended away to the eaft, we concluded that we were in a large bay.
On the 14th, we faw land ahead of us, and flail apprehended we were in a large bay. We alfo difcovered feveral iflands and very deep breaks in the land : The coaft hereabout is very high, and the tops of the hills are covered with clouds; but, the weather being hazy, we faw nothing on the land excepting a fire lit up at night.
On the 15th, in the forenoon, having reached to the farther end of the fuppofed hay, we entered into a fmaller, or rather a harbour, it being land-locked on every fide. At the entrance of this harbour there are two iflands, on the fmalleft. of which we difcovered a Hippa : we paffed very near it,, and the natives flocked in crouds to gaze at us. We flood in for a little cove, and anchored within two cables length of the fhore, oppofite to a fmall rivulet which ran into the fea. Some of our people went on fhore, atid fhot fome birds ; we alfo hauled the fein, and caught a large draught of fifhes, fome of which weighed rwenty-one pounds; and, on the fhore, we found mufcles, and other fbrts of fhell-fiih, in great plenty.
All the coves of this bay teem with fifh of various kinds, fuch as cuttle-fifh* large breams, (fome of which weighed twelve pounds, and were very delicious food, having the tafte of fine falmon,) fmall grey breams, fmall and large baracootas, flying gurnards, horfe-mackarel, dog-fifh, foles, dabs, mullets, drums, fcorpenas or rock-fifh, cole-fifh, the beautiful fifh called chimera, and fhaggs.
The manner in which the natives of this bay catch their fifh is as follows:— They have a cylindrical net, extended- by feveral hoops at the bot'om, and contracted at the top; within the net they ftick fome pieces of fifh, then let it down from the fide of a canoe, and the fifhy going into feed, are caught with great cafe.
The
The country, about the cove where we lay, is entirely covered with wood, and fo full of a fort of fupple-jack, that it is difficult to pafs through it: there is alfo a little fand-fly which is very troublefome ; and the bite of it is venomous, railing a bump upon the fkin which itches very much. The tops of fome of the hills, which at firft appeared to be bare, we found covered with the fern plant, which grows up to about a man's height. The hills decline gently to the water's-edge, and leave no flat land excepting one place.
The woods abound with divers kinds of birds, fuch as parrots, wood-pigeons, water-hens; three forts of birds having wattles; hawks; with a variety of birds that fing all night. We alfo found a great quantity of a fpecies of Philadelphus, which makes a good fubflitute for tea. At one particular place we met with a fubfiance that appeared like a kid's fkin, but it had fo weak a texture, that we concluded it was not leather j and were afterward informed, by the natives, that it was gathered from fome plant called Teegoomme : one of them had a garment made of it, which looked like their rug cloaks.
The air of the country, one would imagine, is very moifl, and endued with fome peculiar putrefcent qualities, as we found maggots in birds a few hours after they had been fhot.
The natives came to us fometimes, and behaved peaceably; but, to our furprife, we had adequate proofs that they are Cannibals. Some of our people, in the pinnace, went into a little cove, where one family refided, and faw feveral human bones which appeared to have been lately dreffed and picked ; and were told, that a little while before, fix of their enemies had fallen into their hands j four they killed and ate; the other two jumped into the water and efeaped from them, but they were unfortunately drowned, and our people faw one of their bodies floating upon the water. The natives alfo brought us feveral human bones on board, and offered them to fale, fucking them in their mouths, and, by the figns which they made to us, evinced that they thought human flefh delicious food.   One day, in particular, they brought four fkulls to fell; but they rated
Q 2 them
them very high. Thefe fkulls had their brains taken out, and fome of them their eyes, but the fcalp and hair was left upon them. Th^y locked as if they had beer dited by the fire> or by the heat of the fan. We alfo found human bones in the woods, near the ovens, where they ufed to partake of their horrid midnight re-pafls : and we faw a canoe the baler of which was made of a man's fkull. The natives feemed even to take pride in their cruelty, as if it was the mofl: laudable virtue, inftead of one of the worfl of moral vices; and fhewed us the manner in which they difpatched their prifoners; which was to knock them down with their patta pattGOS, and then to rip them up.
The natives* in this part of New Zealand, [fee pi. XXIII.] wear large bunches of feathers on their heads, and their garments in a lingular manner, juft as Abel Tafmen, the perfon who, about one hundred and fifty ycais ago, difcovered this land, has figured in his work. They were not deiirous of any thing we had. except nails*, which they foon difcovered to be ufeful.
When thefe people are pleafed on any particular occafion, they exprefs it by crying A), and make a cluck with their tongues not unlike a hen's when fhe calls her chickens.
We heard a great cry, or howling, at the Hippa every night, and,, moft likely,, at that time they were cutting and flaming themfelves, according to their cuflom? which is done with a piece of green flone, (hell, or fhark's tooth, which they drive kito their flefh,. and draw it along, beginning at their feet and continuing it to their heads*
While we lay here, fome of our people went toward the Hippa in a boat; feveral of the natives came out to welcome them; moft likely they took it to be x traverfe, and Mr.. Monkhoufe fnot at them. An old man came in a few days after and told us one perfon was dead of a wound which he received. In this Hippa there are about thirty-two houfes, containing upwa-ds of two hundred inhabitants* Some (.four people faw the bones of a girl, the flefh of which, they faid, they ate the day before.   Another party of our people, going to an ifle oa the other fide of
thfir
044094
the bay, met with a canoe, and were told, that a young girl had been taken from them.
There are many fmall iflands around that appear to be entirely barren; and we faw no inhabitants upon this excepting thofe that belong to the Hippa; and they neither fow nor plant any thing, but live chiefly on fifh, and on their neighbours when they can catch them.
We faw one of their Hippas which was fituated on a very high rock, hollow underneath, forming a mofl: grand natural arch, one fide of which was connected with the land ; the other rofe out of the fea. Underneath this arch a fmall veffel might have failed. [See pi. XXIV.] It was near a pleafant bay, .and almoft inacceflible: one of the natives came out and waved a large garment, or piece of cloth, to us as we palled along.
Their canoes were very {lately ones: very few of the natives are tataowed : we afked them if their anceflors had not told them of fuch a fhip as ours that they had feen in their time, but they appeared to be entirely ignorant of it. Thefe cannibals-told us, that the people, who belonged to thofe they had flain and eaten, were-coming to them, over the hills, to kill them the next dw, but it proved a falfer alarm..
On the ifl of February, we had a flrong wind from the N. E. The hawfer with which we moored the fhip was broke by the flrain of the fea, it being fattened on fhore to a tree, and we were obliged to let go another bower. It rained all this day and part of the next, continuing, without intermiffion, for thirty-two hours.
On the 6th, we left the bay, wh'uh we called Cannibal Bay, having been in k about three weeks. The captain called it Charlotte's Sound. The two p ints, which form the entrance, were named Cape Koomarroo, and Point Jackfon. The natives call the land about it Totarranooe. We bent our courfe'to an opening at the entrance of this bay, on the eafl, which we faw on our coming into ir, concluding it a paffage between the no.th and fouth part of this ifland. In the evening we were in the mouth of the ifraits* where we were becalmed. On
Re*- '.    - '. a
a fudden we were carried toward a parcel of broken iflands, or rather rocks, which lie at the entrance of the ftraits; the two largeft we named the Two Brothers. Being alarmed, we ran to the poop of the fhip, where we heard a great noife, and faw the appearance of breakers, upon which we drove bodily aftern ; neared the iflands quickly; let go our anchor; and, before we had veered away 150 fathoms of cable, we found ourfclves amongfl: thefe fuppofed breakers, which proved to be a ftrong tide that fet through the ftraits; it made a very great ripling, efpecially near the iflands, where the water, running in heaps, bears, and whirlpools, made a very great noife in its paffage. Thefe ftraits run nearly in a north and fouth direction.
On the 7th, we weighed anchor, and proceeded along the ftraits with the tide and a fine breeze, which fet us through with great rapidity. At the entrance into the ftraits, from the north, there is a fmall ifland on the north fide, near a point of land on the main ; this ifland we called Entry Ifland. The land on the fouth fide is very high, and but thinly cloathed, though we faw here and there a fine level. At one part, in particular, the land was very low, and feemed to form an entrance. We faw a very long row of high trees, ■ like thofe at Hawke's bay, and at Ooa-haowragee, or the river Thames ; and it is probably the mouth of fome river. We called this biy Cloudy Bay; oppofite to which, on the other fide of the ftraits, is a cape or point of land which the natives of Cannibal Bay call Teera-witte. Here is alfo a great number of hills, and one much higher than the reft, having its fummit covered with mow, which we faw at a*great diftance. The north coaft tended away eaftward; and the fouth to the S. S. W. which we followed till the night clofed in upon us; then the wind chopped about; and, being willing to fatisfy ourfelves whether the north part of this land was an ifland, were-folved to fail as far north as Cape Turnagain. Thefe ftraits, which we named Cook's Straits, are about thirteen miles long, and fourteen broad. The two eafler-moft points of which we called Cape Campbell and Cape Pallifer. The flood tide comes ftrong in from the fouthward, and, on the day6 of new and full moon, it is high water about eleven o'clock.
On the 8th, we failed along the fouthern coaft of this ifland : the weather was hazy, but wc difcovered many extenflve lawns, with fome high hills, the tops of
which
TO    THE    SOUTH    SEA S. no
which were moflly flat.   In the afternoon, three canoes came of? to us; two of them were large and handfomc.   The natives in them, who feemed to have been cut and mangled in feveral parts of their bodies, behaved peaceably; and, by aflcing for nails, we concluded they had heard of us from the people of fome other iflands where we had been.   They were much like the natives of Mataroowkaow, a village in Tolaga Bay ; being very neatly drefl, having their hair knotted on the crown of their head's in two bunches, one of which was Tamoou, or plaited, and the wreath bound round them the fame.   In One of the canoes there was an old man who came on board, attended by one of the natives; he was tataowed all over the face, with a flreak of red paint over his nofe, and acrofs his cheek.   His brow, as well as the brows of many others who were with him, was much furrowed; and the hair ofhis head and beard quite iilvered with age.   lie had on a flaxen garment, ornamented with a beautiful wrought border; and under it a petticoat, made of a fort of cloth which they call Aoorec Waow: on his ears hung a bunch of teeth, and an ear-ring of Poonamoo, or green flone.   For an Indian, his fpeeclr was foft, and his voice fo low that we could hardly hear it.   By his drefs, carriage, and the refpecl paid to him, we fuppofed him to be a perfon of diflinction amongfl them.
We obferved a great d'fference betwixt the inhabitants on this fide of the land* north of Cook's Straits, and thofe of the fouth. The former are tall, well-limbed, clever fellows; have a deal of tataow, and plenty of good cloaths; but the latter are a fet of poor wretches, who, though flrong, are flinted in their growth, and feem to want the fpirit or fprightlinefs of the northern Indians. Few of them are tataowed, or have their hair oiled and tied up; and their canoes are but mean.
On the 9th, at noon, latitude fouth, we had a good view of Cape Turnagaln. We hauled in our wind to S. W. to make the land on the other fide of Cook's Straits. The coafl we failed along was lower, and had many white clayey and chalky cliffs upon. it. We paffed two points- of land to which we gave the names of Cafilc Point and Flat Point..
On the 14th, we paffed Cook's Straits, without feeing them, on the eafl fide of * Toaipoonamoo. The land confifts of high ridges of mountains, whofe tops, ftreaked with mow, had but little verdure upon them ; and, at the bottom of them, we faw but little low land.
In the afternoon, four double canoes, in which were fifty-feven people, came off to us ; they had fome leaves about their heads, but few cloaths on their bodies, and feemed to be poor wretches. They kept aloof from us, nor could we perfuade them totrafiic with us.
On the 16th, we failed along fhore, and had frequent calms. About noon we pa (Ted a broad opening which feemed to divide the land; on the N. W. fide of which is a fmall bay, which we named Gore's Bay. In the evening the land tended away to the S.W. and formed in various bluff points, and was, within, of a middling height, very broken, and fomewhat bare. We faw fome fmoke, but were not near enough to make any accurate obfervations. We paffed alfo the appearance of feveral good harbours.
On the 17th, we faw more land which frill tended away to the S.W. and, it is probable, the ftraits we faw is a paffage between the main or land we failed along the day before and the ifland or land we faw this day ; or this may, perhaps, be a continuation of the larger. About the middle of this ifland, which we called Banks's Ifland, there feems to be a fine large bay. We hauled in our wind, and flood to the ^eafl, one of the lieutenants being perfuaded that he faw land in that quarter ; bur, in the evening, we bore away to the fouth, and, on the 18th, Latitude 450 16', <we hauled in our wind, and flood to the wefl, being certain that we could not mifs of land if there was any fo far to the fouth. In the evening we faw vafl fhoals of grampuffes and bottle-nofed porpoifes.
On the 19th, flanding dill to the weftward, with a briflc breeze, in the forenoon, we difcovered high land fouthward of us, being then, by our reckoning,
• Or the Land of Poonamoo, which is the mme by which the natives diftinguifli the fouthern tlivi-fioji of this ifland, and where the Poonamoo, or Green Stone, is found. The north«rn divifion of New Jjajaud tfi called by ilwia Kalwiiio-Mauwe.
thirty-
TO THE SOUTH SEAS, ,2r thirty-three leagues to the weftward, and eight foumwnd of ;h land we ha \ girted from when we failed to the eaft.   We hauled in oar wind ana ftood for it.
On the 20th, in the morning, we were near the land, which formed an agr able view to the naked eye. The hills were of a moderate height, having flats that extended from them a long way, bordered by a perpendicular rocky cliff next to the fea ; but, when viewed through our glaffes, the land appeared ve>y barren, having only a few trees in the valleys, or furrows of the hills* and had no figns of inhabitants.   The air was very fharp and cold.
Having beat to windward for feveral days without gaining any way, with the weather gloomy and very cold, on Saturday, the 24th, we had a frefh breeze from the north, which carried us round the outermoft point, which we called Cape Saunders : beyond which the land tended away to the S. W.
The next day, the 25th, we had variable winds and calms till the afternoon; and then we had the wind from the S. W. which was directly againfl us: it blew very violently, and we were obliged to go under fore and main fails j and tore our fore-fail in pieces. The land thereabout was pretty high, indifferently well covered with trees, but had no figns of inhabitants.
On the 27th, it continued blowing hard from the S. W. we lay to all day: at length the wind abated, but continued ftill in our teeth. Thermometer 46.
On the 4th of March, after having beat about near a week, by the favour of a breeze from the north, we got fight of land again, which tended away to the S. W. and by W. and appeared to be of great extent. We had a continual rolling fwell from the S. W. and faw the appearance of a harbour, which we named Mou-lincux's Harbour, after the name of the mailer of our fhip. We had light breezes and calms till the ninth; and, at the dawn of that day, we narrowly efeaped running the fhip upon a ledge, or parcel of craggy rocks ; fome of which were but juft feen above water. They were luckily ddcovered by the midfhipman's going to the mad head. The breeze being moderate, wc put the helm a-lee, and were delivered from this imminent danger by the good providence of God.   The land,
R winch
ii2 A       V    O    V    A    G E
which we then law at a confiderable diitance, feemed to he an iiland, having a great opening between it and the land which we had paffed before ; but, the captain defining to go round, we fleered for the fouth point, hoping it was the luft. This large opening we named South-Eafl. Bay; on the N. W. fide of which there is a fmall long iiland, that we called Bench Iiland. We flood out to fea, but, meeting with contrary winds, we beat to windward for a confiderable time : at length, the wind coming fair, we fleered wefleriy, and, unexpectedly, found ourfclves between two large fhoals, which had fume rocks upon them; but we fortunately efeaped them. We called thefe fhoals The Traps. Toward night, we got fo far round as to make the point bear N.N. E. and ihen we faw fome kind of fluff upon it that glittered very much, but could not difcover what it was compofed of. This day the weather was more moderate than it had been for many days; and being one of the inferior officers birth day, it was celebrated by a peculiar kind of fcflival ; a dog was killed that had been bred on board ; the hind quarters were roafled; and a pye was made of the fore quarters, into the crufl of which they put the fat; and of the vifcera they made a haggis.
On the icth, we flood out a confiderable way to fea ; and, on the r ith, in the morning, fetched the land, and approached near it. It had the appearance of a clufler of iflands, or a bay with a large break, being divided by a number of valleys and peaked hills, many of which were pretty well covered with wood, and had fome fnow on the tops cf them ; but we faw no figns of inhabitants. We called this bay South-Wefl Bay, near which lies a fmall ifland, that we named Solander's Ifle. Having contrary winds we were driven back as far as 470 45' ibuth latitude; but, the wind coming round again, wc fleered north-weflerly, and made a point of land, which we named the Wefl Cape. We went round this cape; on the N. E. fide of which there is a fmall bay ; we called it Duflcy Bay; and the N. W. point of it we called Five Fingers Point, about which we faw feveral rocks.
On the 13th, we failed along the weflern coafl with a very brifk breeze from the fouth. The land appeared very romantic, having mountains piled on moun-t lins to an amazing height; but they feemed to fe uninhabited. We faw the appearance of fome good harbours, one of which,  larger thin the reft, we
called
TO    THE    SOUTH    SEAS. w
m J
called Doubtful Harbour; bat night coming on we did not venture into any of them.
On the 14th, we failed along more with a pleafant breeze; the land rofe immediately from the water's edge to a very great height. Some of the higheft hills were covered with fnow, and the others with wood ; but we faw no figns of inhabitants. We palled feveral breaks in the land, which might be good harbours, but we did not enter into any of them. We faw, this day, a great number of albatroffes.
On the 16th, having a breeze, we failed along the fhore of the land we had paffed the day before, which appeared as wild and romantic as can be conceived. Rocks and mountains, whofe tops were covered with fnow, rofe in view one abov«t another from the water's edge : and thofe near the fhore were cloathed with wood, as well as fome of the valleys between the hill?, whofe fummits reached the clouds. We faw a break in the land which we thought might be a good harbour, but it proved only a fmall open bay, we therefore called it Miftakcn Bay. As we failed along we paffed a broken point, thai had a flat top, from which the water poured down into the fea, and formed three grand natural cafcades. This point we named Cafcades Poini. On the N. E. fide of it there was a bay which we called Open Bay.
On the 2cth, wc met with contrary winds, which carried us away to the weftward; but, the wind co;ning favourable again, we returned our former courfe, and came up with a head of land which we named Cape Foul Wind.
On the 24th, we faw a point of land which we called Rock's Point, and foon after met with a Cape ; and, when we got round it, found ourfelves in a large buy, but did not anchor in it. The land tended away to the S.E. and, at the bottom of the bay, there is probably a river. We continued our courfe to the S. E. and came up with a large tract of land firetching a good way from the main to a point, near which there is a fmall ifland. We named this point Cape Stephens ; and the iiland Stephens Ifle.   Having weathered the point we found ourfelves in a
R 2 large
large bay, which we called Admiralty Bay. In the mouth of this bay there art feveral fmall iflands, which we named Admiralty Ifles.
On the 26th, in the evening, we anchored in the Bay, which we found was about ten leagues N.W. of Charlotte's Sound, or Cannibal Bay, after having endured the dangers of foul winds, and the tedious fufpenfe of many calms'*. The inhabitants of Cannibal Bay, where we were on the 6th of February, told us, that we might fail round the fouth land in four days, but we had been near feven weeks in making the tour. There is no low land hereabout, the hills riling from the water's edge. Since we came from Charlotte's Sound, we faw no figns of inhabitants, except one fmoke, which, perhaps, arofe from fome other than the hand of man; for it would feem that this land was aim oft entirely uninhabited, except Charlotte's Sound ; and it has all the appearance of a clufter of iflands, through which there are various ftraits, though we had no time to difcover them. This fecond part of the land is about the fize of the other, and the whole together is as large as Great-Britain.
In this bay we faw fome deferted houfes, but no inhabitants; and the land about it is more wild and not fo flat as Charlotte's Sound; but the bay abounded as plentifully with fifh, and we caught a great quantity with hooks and lines, which were diftributed amongft the fhip's company. We had now paffed near fix month, on the coaft of New Zealand; had furveyed it on every fide, and dilcovered it to be an ifland near three hundred leagues in length; inhabited by Cannibals, accuftomed to the carnage of war from their infancy, and peculiarly undaunted, as well as in-fenfible of danger.
The captain having fulfilled his orders, it was at his option to ftay as much longer in thefe fcasas the fafety of the fhip and provifions would admit; and to return home either by the Eaft-Indies or Cape Horn. Confidering that Cape Horn was at a great diftance from this bay; that the feafon of the year was at hand which is the moft unfavourable for going into fo high a latitude ; and that at the prefent time,
* Ths Map annexed, In which the fhip's track is accurately marked, will give the reader an ilea of the fatigue and danger which attended our traverfe.   [Sec pi. XXV.J
1 * and
Plate XXV
and for five months pair, themonfoons prevailed in the Chinef; feas; it was thought beft to proceed weft to the coaft: of New Holland, and fo to the northward along it, in order to find a convenient refrefhing place; then to fearch for the fuppofed Straits between New Holland and New Guinea, (which, it is thought, admiral Torrey went through ;) and along the north coa(l of New Holland, to the idmd of Java ; but, if thefe could not be found, it was propofed to proceed along the coaft to Dampier's Straits, which lie between New Guinea and New Britain j then to crofs the line, and fail down among the fpice iflands to Java, as we were in. want of many kinds of provifions, particularly fugar, fait, oil, tea, and tobacco : our fpirits alfo very low: and, as to bread, we had not had any for upwards of fix months, and our fails were nearly worn out.
Something has already been mentioned refpe&ing the language of the New-Zealanders, and of its affinity to that of the people of Otaheite; the following Vocabulary will more fully fhew this agreement, which is a very extraordinary cir-cumftance, and leads us to conclude that one place was originally peopled from the other, though they are at near two thoufand miles diftance, and nothing but the ocean intervenes, at leaft to our knowledge ; and fuch a long navigation, we fhould hardly believe, could be practicable in their fmall canoes, the only vefTels that they appear to have ever poffeffed ; yet what fhould lead too diftinct people, having no communication with each other, to affix the fame founds to the fame things, would be hard to account for in any other manner. This opinion is farther corroborated, by comparing their cuftoms and manners, as alfo their inftruments of war and houfehold utenfils, which will be found to agree in many particulars. The migration was probably from New-Zealand to Otaheite ; as the inhabitants of the former place were totally unacquainted with the ufe of bows and arrows till we firft taught them; whereas the people of the latter ifland ufe them with great dexterity, having doubtlefs difcovered the ufe of them by fome accident after their feparation; and it. cannot be fuppofed thatthe New-Zealanders would have loft fo beneficial an acquisition, if they had ever been acquainted with it.
A VbcA'UrLARY
A Vocabulary of the Language of NEW ZEALAND.
Papa,	Father.
Hetamaeh,	A boy, or fon.
He aowpoho,	The head.
He ai,	The brow.
He matta,	Ihe eyes.
He toogge matta*	The eye-brows.
He gammOj	The eye-lids.
He eib,	The nofe.
He peeapeea,	The nojirils.
He papaeh..	The cheeks.
He gabwai,	The month.
He neeho.	The teeth.
He gooteb.	The lips.
Haiaeed,	7he tongue.
Egoorree,	A dog.
Teyka,	Fifh.
Hewhai,	A fkate.
Eraperape*	The fifi called Chimera.
Hcpaooa>	Far-flells.
Hckohooa,	Small ear-f jells.
Heraiyannov	The fmall biting fly.
Heaow,	A leaf.
Hcanoohe,	Fern root.
Tracaow,	Wood.
Po whattoOy	A ftone.
Whakabcete^	The large peaked hill.
Mewat,	Water.
KcawhaL
TO    T H £	SOUTH    SEAS, ivj
Heawhaf,	A houfe.
Patiea,	A hedge or fence.
Ewha^,	A nail.
Tochee,	A hatchet, or adze.
Eei,	Victuals.
Eaowte,	Indian cloth.
Hecacahoo,	A garment.
Opoonamoo,	A green car-ring*
Potai,	The feather ornament on their head.
Heebeekee,	A bunch of fcarlet feathers which they ftick
	in their hair*
Emaho,	Tataow.
Kaowaowaow,	A fmallflute.
Hevvaca,	A canoe.
Hewhaiwhai,	A bile.
Hoggee,	To f addle.
Patoopatoo,	To throw flones, to threaten*
Oweerree*	To roll up.
Orero,	To fpeak, or a fpeech.
Apoorotoo,	Good.
Ekeeno,	Bad.
Matto,	Steep.
Mai whattoo,	Stronger, or very ftrong.
Keeanooe,	Too fmall.
Keeamaovv,	Larger.
A, a,	Yes.
Kaowra,	No.
Na, na,	What fay you f
Eeba, teneega ?	What's that f or what call you that f
Eta eta,	Look yew, here, here.
Ma dooge dooge,	Let mefee it> or let me look.
NUMERATION
NUMERATION,
Katahe, One.
Karooa, Two.
Katarroo> Three.
Kawha, Four.
Kareema, Five.
Kabnoo, Six.
Kawheetoo^ Seven.
Kawarroo, Eight.
Kaeeva, Nine.
Kacahaowrooy Ten.
Having given a plate, containing principally the figures of the New-Zealand houfehold and warlike Instruments, it may be proper here to give a defcription of them.   [See pi. XXVK]
fig. 1. An Ornament for the Neck, made of three round pieces of Auris Marina, or ear-fhell, the infide of which is a beautiful coloured pearl. Thefe pieces are notched on the edges, and ftrung on a piece of plaited tape, made of white flax, and coloured red. It hangs loofely about the neck, and is two feet, eight inches and a half long.
2. One of their common Paddles; when ufed it is held by one hand at the top of the handle, in which there is a hole, and by the other at the bottom, where it is carved very neatly, being five feet, nine inches and a half long.
3. A Fifh-hook, made of wood, and pointed with bone, which is tied on with twine ; three inches and three quarters long.
4. A Fifh-hook, made of two pieces of bone tied together ; the line is faftened both at top and bottom : and, to the latter part, they tie fome fmall feathers. The length of this hook is 4 1 inches.
5. A Fifh-hook, made of wood, pointed with bone ; about two inches and a half long.
6. A large Fifh-hook, made of wood, and pointed with bone, having the end, to which the line is faftened, curioufly carved ; eight inches and a half long.
7. A Fifh-hook, made of human bone; one inch and a quarter long.
8. A Fifh-hook, made of wood, pointed with fhell; five inches | in length.
9. A Fifh-hook, made of wood, and pointed with a fubftance that looked like one part of the beak of a fmall bird ; two inches and a half long.
10. A Fifh-hook, made of wood, and pointed with bone ; three inches and a half long.
11. A Fifh-hook, made of bone ; one inch and a quarter long,
12. An Ornament made of bone, probably of fome deceafed relation, and worn in the ear; one inch and three quarters long,
13. and 14. are treated of in the accounts of Terra del Fuego and New-Holland.
15. A piece of Wood, part of the head of a canoe, Angularly carved j nine inche? and a quarter in length.
16. A favourite Ornament, which refcmbles a human face, made of wood, ca* loured red, and is much like fome of the Roman mafks.   The eyes are made
S - of
of the fine coloured ear-fhell mentioned No. i, laid into the wood. This was fix inches long ; but they have different fizes. Some of the fmaller ones have handles carved very ingenioufly; thefe they frequently held up when they approached the fhip: perhaps it may be the figure of fome idol which they worfhip.
7, 18, and 19, are Figures of Patta-pattoos, or War-bludgeons. They have holes in the handles of them, through which a firing is paffed and tied round the wrift when they make ufe of them. Numbers 17 and 19, are made of wood ; the former is about fourteen inches long, and the latter twelve. Number j8 is about fourteen inches in length, made of a hard black ftone, a kind of bafaltes, and fimilar to the ftone of which the Otaheiteans parte-beaters and hatchets are made.
o. Is a kind of Battle-axe, ufed either as a lance or as a patta-pattoo. The length of thefe is from five to fix feet. The middle part of them is very ingenioufly carved.
f. An Ivory Needle, made of the tooth of fome large marine animal, with which they fallen on their cloaks. This is about fix inches | in length; but they have of various fizes; and fome of them are made of the circular edge of the ear-ihell mentioned in No. i.
2. An Inftrument made of the bone of fome large animal, probably of a grampus, which is ufed fometimes as a paddle, and at others as a patta-pattoo,. and is about five feet long.
3. A Wedge or Chifel, made of the green ftone, or Poonammoo, a3 they call it, and fometimes of the Bafaltes. Thefe wedges they fometimes tie to a wooden handle, and then ufe them as hatchets and hoes. They axe of various fizes, from one to eight inches in length.
4. A Whiftle, made of wood, having the out-fide curioufly carved. Befides the mouth-hole they have feveral for the fingers to play upon.   Thefe, which are
worn
worn about the neck, are three inches and a half in length, and yield a fhrill found.
25. A Trumpet, nineteen inches and a half in length, made of a hard brown wood, which they fplit, and carefully hollow out each fide fb as to fit neatly again, leaving an edge on each fide 3 and joining them together, they are bound tight with withes made of cane : it is broadefl in the middle, which is rather flat, and gradually tapers to the ends that are open. In the middle of it there is a large hole which reprefents the mouth of a figure fomewhat like a human one, having hands and feet, the parts of which are carved round the inftrument : the head is not unlike the mafk, No. 16. Another fuch like mafk is alfo carved near one end of the trumpet.   They produce a harfh fhrill found.
26. Is fpoken of in the account of the people of Terra del Fuego.
27. A fingular kind of hand-fcoop, or water-bailer, made of one piece of wood : the handle of it proceeds from the edge and hangs over the middle, and both it and the edge are very ingenioufly carved. It is about eleven inches long, eight inches wide, and near fix inches deep under the handle.
2S, The head of a fpear, made of bone, about fix inches in length.
A JOURNAL
lap3 # ^ar & ^jrr a -^jht
# jftL *
JOUR    N    A L
O F A
VOYAGE to the S O U T H SEAS,
In his Majefiy's Ship The ENDEAVOUR.
PART III.
jSyCSi"^N the 5ill, in the morning, we weighed anchor, having a fine breeze feW' o Tf* ^r0m t^le ^* ^' coa^ °^ ^ew Zealand, and fleered our courfe
SKbfejDlflC towarc* ^ew Holland, taking our departure from a point of land k."^3R£j5 near Blind Bay, which point we named Cape Farewell. We had fine weather and a fair wind till the 9th j then we faw one of the tropic birds, although we were in latitude 38* 34', thermometer 73. We were becalmed nine days, from the 9th to the 17th, and then the wind blew from the S. S. W. and S. W, and we had a broken fea that caufed the fhip to pitch and roll very much at the fame time ; we {hipped a fea fore and aft, which deluged the decks, and had like to have warned feveral of us overboard : we were then in latitude 38° 46' and 22 degrees wefl of Cape Farewell, out of fight of land : fo that the land of Van Diemen, if not
an
TO    T PI  E    SOUTH    SEAS. 1J3
an ifland, mull have tended away abruptly tothe eafl, or we mould have feen it before this time. We continued our courfe, but nothing worthy of note occurred till the 19th, in the morning, and then we difcovered the land of New Holland, extending a great way to the fouth, and to the eaflward. It is moderately high : part of it appeared to be flat, and covered with fand j but, the weather being f°Z%y> we na^ n°t a good view of it. We were obliged to fleer E, N. E. to clear it; and faw three water fpouts, one of which continued very near a quarter of an hour.   Latitude 370 51'.
On the 20th, we failed along fhore with a fine brifk breeze, but we found no harbour. The land appeared rather level, with here and there a gentle afcent covered entirely with wood, fome of which appeared large. About noon we faw fome fmoke afcending out of a wood near the fea fide.   Latitude 36" 51'.
On the 2ifl, we had fine clear weather, and a brifk gale : the coaft appeared much the fame as it did the day before, excepting that it was rather lower. In the evening the land appeared very low and ftrait, ftretching away to the N.E. and was well covered with trees. We faw fome clouds of fmoke riling from them a good way up the country, but we found no harbour.   Latitude 35* 5 t'.
On the 22d, the cojft made a good view, bdng flat, level, and covered with verdure. The hills within land were remarkably flat : we difcovered rive men upon them, through our glafTes, who were quite naked. It is probable they live upon the produce of the earth, as we did not fee any canoe?, and the coaft feems to be unfavourable for fifhing.   Latitude 35* 27'.
On the 25th, we were in latitude 34° 22'. The weather was very fine, but we were often becalmed. The land appeared flill flat, remarkably level, and ftrair on the top. We faw feveral fires along the coaft lit up one after another, which might have been defigned as fignals to us.
On the 27th, in the morning, the wind being againfl us, we flood off and on more. At noon, being about one mils from land, fome of our men were fent on fhore in a boat, which foon returned, not being able to land for the hwi,
which
1
which ran very high all along the coaft. They efpied three men, fitting on the beach, who were naked, and of a very dark colour ; bat, on the boat's approaching nearer toward them, they fled into the woods. Our people alfo difcovered leveral canoes drawn upon the beach, and a kind of houfe or wig-wam adjacent. We alfo, from the fhip, faw five men walking, two of whom carried a canoe on their moulders. The country looked very pleafant and fertile; and the trees, quite iree from underwood, appeared like plantations in a gentleman's park.
On the 28th, we got into a fine bay, and fome of our people went on fhore on one fide of it, where we fiw fome houfes. On our approaching the fhore, two men, with different kinds of weapons, came out and made toward us. Their countenance befpoke difpleafure; they threatened us, and difcovered hoflile intentions, often crying to us, Warra warra wai. Wc made figns to them to be peaceable, and threw them fome trinkets ; but they kept aloof, and dared us to come on fhore. We attempted to frighten them by firing off a gun loaded with fmall fho!:; but attempted it in vain. One of them repaired to a houfe immediately, and brought out a iliicld, of an oval figure, painted white in the middle, with two holes in it to fee tlvongh, and alfo a wooden fword, and .then they advanced boldly, [fee pi. XXVIT.] gathering up flones as they came along, which they threw at us. After we had landed, they threw two of their lances at us; one of which fell between my feet. Our people fired again, and wounded one of them ; at which they took the alarm and were very frantic and furious, fhouting for aififtance, calling Uala, hala, mae ; that is, (as we afterwards learned,) Come hither ; while their wives and children fet up a mofl horrid howl. We endeavoured to pacify them, but to no purpofe, for they feemed implacable^ and, at length, ran howling away, leaving their wives and children, who hid themfelves in one of the huts behind a piece of bark. After looking about us a little while, we left fome nails upon the fpot and embarked, taking with us their weapons; and then proceeded to the other fide of the bay, where we had feen a number of people, as we came in, round a fire, fome of whom were painted white, having a flreak round their thighs, two below their knees, one like a fafh over their moulders, which ran diagonally downwards, and another acrofs their foreheads. Both men and women were quite naked, very lean and raw-boned; their complexion was dark, their hair black and frizzled, their heads unadorned, and the beards of the men
bufhy.
73
bufby. Their canoes were made of one piece of bark, gathered at the two ends, and extended in the middle by two fticks. Their paddles were very fmall, two of which they ufed at one time ; and we found a large lump of yellow gum in their gigs which feemed to be for ftriking fifh. Some of their weapons had a kind of chifel fixed at their ends, but of what fubftance they were formed we could not learn.
The natives often reconnoitred us, but we could not prevail on them to come near us or to be focial; for, as foon as we advanced, they fled as nimbly as deer, excepting at one time, when they feemed determined to face us: then they came armed with fpear?, having their breafh painted white ; but, as foon as they faw our boat go off' from the fhip, they retreated. Conflrained by hunger, they often came into the bay to fifh ; but they kept in the fhallows, and as near as poflible to the fhore. In one of their houfes, at the top of the bay, we had laid fome nails, pieces of cloth, and various trinkets ; and though the natives had been there in our abfence, yet they had not taken any of them.
This bay is in latitude 34°6', and makes a good harbour, being only two or three points open to the eaftward j but the water is in general mallow ; and it has feveral arms extending from it, which are alfo fhallow. On thefe mallows wc found a great number of rays, fome fhell-fifh, and a few marks. Tiie rays are of an enormous fize : one of them which we caught weighed two hundred and thirty-nine pounds, and another three hundred and twenty-fix. They tafted very much like the European rays, and the vifcera had an agreeable flavour, not unlike ftewed turtle.   Thefe rays, and fhell-fifh, are the natives chief food.
The country is very level and fertile; the foil, a kind of grey fand* j and the climate mild : and though it was the beginning cf winter when we arrived, every thing feemed in perfection. There is a variety of flowering fhrubs j a tree that yields gum; and a fpecies of palm, [Bora/usJlabcllifer,] the berries of which are of two forts ; one fmall, eaten by the hogs, and the other, as large as a cherry, his a ftone in it;. it is of a pale crimfon colour, and has the tafte of a tweet acid. We alfo found a fpecies of Salvia Fortea.
We
We met with bat one quadruped on the ifland, which was about the fize of a hare: v/e found alfo the fkin of a (hake, and faw a great number of birds of a beautiful plumage; among which were two forts of parroquets, and a beautiful loriquet: we mot a few of them, which we made into a pie, and they ate very well. We alfo met with a black bird, very much like our crow, and fhot fome of them too, which alfo tafted agreeably. From the number of curious plants we met with on fhore, we called the bay Botany-Bay.
I laving got on board a good flock of hay for our fheep, on the 6th of May we weighed anchor, and left this bay. On this day, Forbes Sutherland, a native of the O.kneys, who had departed this life, wascarried on fhore, and decently interred.
Having only moderate breezes from the N. and N.E. we made but little way till the 9th. In the evening of that day we faw two of the mofl beautiful rainbows my eyes ever beheld : the colours were flrong, clear, and lively ; thofe of the inner one were fo bright as to reflect its fhadow on the water. They formed a complete femicircle ; and the fpace between them was mudi darker than the reft of the fky.
In latitude 3a* 51/, on the 10th, the land appeared coafiderably higher, and more broken, very fandy, and lefs fertile. We faw feveral clullers of iflands ; among which, it is probable, there may be fome good harbours.
On the 1 ith, we palled high broken land, having feveral diftinct peaks and bill*, an extenfive flat along the fhore covered with pretty large trees, and a fandy beach. We faw alfo many fnakes, and three remarkable hills, which we called The Three Brothers.   Latitude 3 2° 2'.
On the 14th, latitude 30*22',. the land appeared high, and well covered with' wood; but, being three of four leagues from it, we could not diflinguifh many particulars upon it, though we faw clouds of fmoke arife from different dif-tant parts of the country. The wind was very variable after our leaving the lail: bay, and we had fome calms. The wind hangs moflly between the N. and E. on this coaft, blows very gently, and then dies away to a flark calm j but this day we had a frcih breeze from the S.W. ,
On the 15th, we were in the latitude of 28* 40'. The breeze continued brifk from the S. W. the land appeared very uneven j and we faw a remarkable high peak, with three points at the top : behind it were three other hills, with round tops; and the neareft land was well covered with wood. We faw fix men, quite naked, walking upon a ftrait, white, fandy beach j and, in the evening, having a low point of land a-head, we difcovered feveral breakers, at a confiderable diftance from the fhore. The wind frefhening, we flood to the eafl ; and, foon after dark, brought to, continued founding every half-hour, and found thirty fathoms water.
On the 16th, we were in latitude 27° 40', and faw a vaft tract of lowland, with, here and there, a rifing hill.
On the 17th, the land appeared higher, having many remarkable peaks j one of which was like a glafs-houfe : we alfo faw fome fmoke, and the appearance of a large river 3 the water of which was of a pale green colour.   Latitude 26° 28'.
On the 18th, in latitude 250 36', the land appeared to rife perpendicular, of an unequal height, and looked like a wall along the coaft, without having any break 3 which prevented us from feeing the back land j and it was covered with great patches of white fand and {tinted fhrubs. The fea was full of a fort of orange-coloured powder, like that we faw on the coaft of Brazil. On this day, we faw a water-fnake.
On the 20-h, in the forenoon, we were a-breaft of a point which feemed to be the lafl of the land to the north, and tended away abruptly to the fouth. From this point there runs a very large fhoal, on feveral parts of which the water broke. We failed along-fide of it, and had from feventeen to nine fathoms water. Before night came on, we got round it, and kept our courfe weftward, as we had feen the looming of land in that quarter. The barren fandy land continued to this point, and was uninhabited. We faw a large turtle, fome large grampufTes that leaped out of the water, a great number of porpoifes, many fharks which would not take bait, and feveral men-of-war birds.   Latitude 240 24'.
T On
1
138 A       V    O    Y    A    G E
On the 21ft, in the forenoon, we difcovered land again, extending a great way, and forming a curve. It was very flat, level, and covered with trees, with a few hills within-land. We failed along it, to look for a harbour, to the N. W. There was no appearance of land to the S. W. fo that it is very probable there is a river in that part. We found no current, and our courfe was very (hallow, as we had but from feven to twenty fathoms water at a great diftance from land.
On the 22d, in the evening, we anchored in an open road or bay, round the north cape of the great bay. As we failed along, this day, the country appeared very barren and fandy, having only a few low fhrubs.*
On the 23d, the captain and fome others went on fhore, and faw a few of the natives, but could not get near them. We faw, too, about twenty of them from the fhip, who flood gazing at us upon the beach; alfo fmoke arifing out of the woods, which, perhaps, was only an artifice of theirs, to make us think they were numerous. We obferved nothing worthy of note on land, excepting a great variety of plants ; one of which bore a fruit like a ftnall crab-apple, having a large ftone in it, the E awharra of Otaheite, and the dung of fome quadruped that fed on grafs. We hauled the feine, and tore it in pieces, but caught no fifh: though we faw great fhoals of them in this bay, they would not take the bait. We found a nautilus pompiliu?, and fome of a curious kind of hammer oyfters; as alfo a number of porpoifes. Wc fhot a duck of a beautiful plumage, with a white beak, black body, and white and green on the wings. We likewife fhot another large bird, of the buftard kind, coloured black, white, and brown, which weighed feventeen pounds. The hills feen in this bay, which was called Buftard Bay, appeared very barren, having nothing upon them but a few diminutive fhrubs; but we faw a large tract of low and flat land, that was covered with fmall wood, had feveral lagoons in it, and fome of the fame kind of plants which grow on the ifland of Otaheite and in theEaft-Indies.
On
* This clay the captain's clerk had his ears cutoff, and his cloaths alfo cut off his back. The captain and officers offered, fome time after, at Batavia, a reward of fifteen guineas, to any one who-fhould difcover the perfon or perfons who cut off his ears, and fifteen gallons of arrack, to any one that fhould difcover him or them who had cut off his cloaths,
On the 24th, in the morning, we weighed anchor, and left this bay. At noon, we were becalmed, and caught, with hook and line, feveral forts of beautiful-coloured fillies. We faw fome very large pelicans, which were near five feet hiflh and the tail of fome quadruped, which wc fuppofed might be a guanica. In latitude 230 cV the land tended away from the fandy point in the great bay to the north-weft.
On the 25th, in the forenoon, we crofted the tropic of Capricorn. The land appeared very defolate, being little elfe than fand and rocks, parcelled out into feveral iflands and ragged points. We came to at night, in a fort of bay formed by the turning of the land, and found a confiderable tide flowing into it. There was the appearance of an opening in the land, which may poflibly be the mouth of a river.
On the 26th, we got in among a parcel of iflands, to get clear of which we propofed going by a paflage to the north-weft, which was next to the main ; but, finding our water fhoal very much, we fent fome men in a boat a-head of us, to found, and came into three and two and a half fathom water. They returned with an account that there was hardly water enough ; fo we tacked about and flood out. The next morning, we had a fine breeze, and went through a paflage to the north-eaft, between two iflands : in this found, the tide fell thirteen feet. Out-people, who wentofTin the boat, faw many of the natives upon one of the iflands, and they hallooed to them : they were of the fame fort as thofe we had feen before. On the land round about, we faw both high and low ridges, with fome peaks :. part of it was well covered ; though there appeared fome large patches of white fand.   Latitude 2 z° 52'.
On the 28th, refolving to keep the main clofe aboard, which continued tending away to the weft, we got into another clufler of iflands; where we were milch alarmed, having but three fathoms water, on1 a fudden, in a ripling tide : we put about, and hoifted out the boats, to feek for deeper water; after which, as it was very gloomy and blew frefh, we kept an eafy fail to the weft, founding all the way; and, at night, came to the entrance of a bay.   This clufler of iflands is very much
T 2 variegated ;
variegated j fome of them are high, others low ; fome exceedingly broken and mere barren rocks, others well cloathed. Part of the main land is very high, and has extenfive flats, covered with trees.   Latitude 220 8'.
On the 29th, in the morning, we paffed into the bay, which appears to be the entrance into fome river, by the ftrong tide that runs into the channel, which fell twelve feet in fix hours. The captain intended to ground the fhip here, in order to clean her bottom ; but,
On the 31ft, we left this bay, not being able to find any frefh water, or any kind of provifions, not even fifh. The bay is open to the noith ; is very large and deep, and capable of containing a navy at anchor. There were many creeks, that feemed to end in a lagoon ; but the captain could not determine whether the inlet, that led into the country, was a river. The country about the bay is but indifferently cloathed ; the trees are fmall \ and the foil on the hills is very ftony, and bare of grafs under the trees. That part of the fhore, which I faw, feemed to be a rock, compofed of broken flones, cemented together with mod. On our firft view of this coaft, we conceived the mofl pleafing hopes, but were unhappily difappointed. We faw only two of the Indians, but the marks of many more, and the footfleps of an animal that had a cloven hoof. We faw alfo many of the Yam-trees, the greater part of them having been flripped of the bark j and feveral forts of ants, fome of which build their nefls of earth againfl the fide of a tree, while others make them of leaves, glued together and hung upon the branches.
From a hill, at the entrance into the bay, we had thirty iflands in view. Through this labyrinth of iflands we paffed with fome difficulty, on account of the number of fhoals which we met with ; one of which we fhould have been upon, had not the men in the boat given us timely notice. We were encouraged to attempt a paffage through them, from an expectation, we had formed, of finding one to the north fide of the land.
On the 2d of June, wc were in the latitude of 20° 56', and flill among iflands, through which we were obliged to fleer with great caution, keeping a boat out a-head, and coming to every night: we yet narrowly efeaped a bank, the foundings
were
1
were fo unequal. The land appeared very high, and much broken; had but an indifferent afpecT:, and feemed to be thinly inhabited.
On the 3d, in the morning, we had land on every quarter, excepting at fouth-eaft, and Hood to north-weft ; where there appeared to be an opening, which carried us into a ftrait, in which we found deep water. This ftrait lies almoft north and fouth j is about feven leagues long, and one and a half broad. On the weft of it lies the main, and, on the eaft, a row of iflands which extend a confiderable way to the fouth. The land on both fides looked much better than that which we had feen before ; being high, abounding in trees, and not fandy. Wc difcovered three perfons through our glaffes, and a canoe with out-riggers, like thofe of Otaheite. In the evening, we had almoft got out of the ftraits, the iflands failing, and the main tending more to the weft. Latitude 20° 27'.
On the 4th, we cleared the ftraits and iflands, and got into an open fea. The land upon the coaft was full of very high hills, whofe bowels are probably rich in ore ; but their furface is poor indeed, being more barren, and fuller of ftones, than any land we had feen. We had clear and pleafant weather, and the land ftill tended away to the weft.   Latitude 190 48'.
On the 7th, we were between a parcel of iflands and the main. The miin-land looked very barren and dreary : the hills upon it looked like a heap of rubbifb, on which nothing was to be feen, excepting a few low bufhes : but the iflands made a better appearance. We faw a few people in canoes, ftriking fifh, fome fmoke on the main, and fome palm-trees.   Latitude 18° 48'.
On the 8th, the main land appeared ftill higher, and very barren. We difcovered feveral iflands that looked like fo many heaps of rubbifh, which had lain long enough to have a few weeds and bufhes grow on them. On one of them, which is not more than two miles in circumference, we faw a company of the natives, entirely naked, and of a dark complexion, Handing quite ftill, and beholding the fhip with aftonifhment. At night we faw a fire, which yielded a very grateful odour, not unlike that produced by burning the wood of gum benjamin.
%
On the ioth, we continued our courfe to the north-weft; and, about nine o'clock in the morning, we failed down a reef of coral-rocks. Our water fhoaled very foon, from twenty-one to eight fathoms; which alarmed us very much : every countenance expreffed furprize, and every heart felt fome trepidation. A-bout eleven, the (hip (truck upon the rocks, and remained immoveable. We were, at this period, many thoufand leagues from our native land, (which we had left upwards of two years,) and on a barbarous coaft, where, if the (hip had been wrecked, and we had efeaped the perils of the fea, we fhould have fallen into the rapacious hands of favages. Agitated and furprifed as we were, we attempted every apparent eligible method to efcape, if poffible, from the brink of deftruction. The fails were immediately handed, the boats launched, the yards and topmafts ftruck, and an anchor was carried to the fouthward : the fhip ftriking hard, another anchor was difpatched to the fouth-weft. Night came on, which providentially was moon-light; and we weathered it out as patiently as poflible, confider-ing the dreadful fufpenfe we were in.
On the nth, early in the morning, we lightened the fhip, by throwing overboard our billaft, fire-wood, fome of our (lores, our water-cafk?, all our water, and fix of our great guns; and fet the pumps at work, at which every man on board aflifted, the Captain, Mr. Banks, and all the officers, not excepted ; relieving one another every quarter of an hour.   About noon, the fhip heaved much on one fide ; upon which five anchors were carried out, and dropt at different parts ; while all the hands on board plied the pumps incelfantly, hoping to have heaved her off the rock, but hoping in vain.   At four o'clock in the afternoon it was low water, and the fhip, in feveral places, grounded on the rock.   Between nine and ten, the tide rofe four feet, and the fhip righted again ; and, about ten, after fome farther attempts to clear her, (he providentially got off.   This defirable event gave us fpirits; which, however, proved but the tranfient gleam of fun-fhine, in a tem-pefluous day ; for they were foon depreffed again, by obferving that the water in-creafed in the hold, fafler than we could throw it out ; and we expected, cverv minute, that the fhip would fink, or that we fhould be obliged to run her again upon the rocks.
In
In the midft of thefe gloomy profpects and alarming apprehenfions, we found means to flop the leak, by a method fuggefted to us by an officer, who had, in a former voyage, made ufe of it with fuccefs : we fewed a great quantity of hair and oakum to a large piece of canvas, which we let down by two ropes, one on each fide of the bow of the fhip : in making way, fhe fucked this under, clofe to her bottom ; and, when it reached the leak, it was forced in by the intruding water, and ob-ftrucfed its paflage fo much, that we kept it under with a fingle pump. Providentially, too, at this inftant, a breeze fprang up, and we fleered towards the land, the boats going before, in queft of a harbour, which they alfo happily found, at about two or three leagues diftance. On the 14th of June, we dropped anchor in the mouth of it; but the entrance into it was fo narrow, that we were obliged to place buoys all the way, to fleer by. While wc lay on the rock, it was calm ; and, from the time we left it, till this day, it blew gently; but now it began to blow hard, which prevented us from getting into the bay till the 18th ; when we reached the defired haven, though not without fome danger, the fhip having feveral times touched the ground.
When we threw the guns overboard, we fixed buoys to them, intending, if we efeaped, to have heaved them up again ; but, on attempting it, we found it was impracticable.
Soon after we arrived in the bay, we laid the fhip on a fteep bank, on the fide of a river ; fet up tents on fhore, unloaded her, carried all the cargo and provifions into them, and there lodged and accommodated our fick.
On the 22d, wc examined the mips bottom, and found a large hole, through the planks into the hold, which had a piece of coral-rock, half a yard fquare, flicking ink: the fame rock, therefore, that endangered us, yielded us the principal means of our redemption ; for, had not this fragment intruded into the leak, in all probability the fhip would have funk.
We loft no time, but immediately fet about repairing the fhip's bottom, and in a
few days made it found again.   In the mean time, the boats were fent cut, in
ft arch
J44 A VOYAGE
fearch of another paflage, which they found, and returned to the fhip on the 3d
of July.
On the 4th of July, the fhip was carried to the other fide of the river, and examined thoroughly ; but, being found in good condition, fhe was foon placed in her former ftation ; where fhe was loaded, and properly fitted to proceed on the voyage.
During the time we {laid here, we picked up a great many natural curiofities from the reef we flruck upon, confifling of a variety of curious fhells, mofl of which were entirely new to Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander. We met alfo with many new fpecies of fifh, Madrepores and other curious corals > fea-weed and other beautiful marine productions.
On fhore we were not lefs fuccefsful. Of vegetables, we found Glycine rofea, which yields a fort of bean purflain, that eats very well, boiled; Cicas circinalis, the kernels of which, roafled, tafted like parched peafe ; but it made fome of our people fick, who ate of it : of this fruit, they make a kind of figo in the Ead-Indies : we cut down many of them for the cabbage, which is very good food. We found alfo a black purple fruit, with a kernel in it which had a flat fweet tafte; two forts of fruit like pears, having ftony fides, fomewhat like the Guava, and of a very indifferent tifte ; a fmall-leavcd plant, that fmelt like lemon and orange peel, and made an agreeable fubftitute for tea ; the E peea, Taro, E ow-haee, and E peepee, of Otaheite : alfo wild Plantain, like the Meyia of Otiheite, which is very full of feed, and has hardly any pulp ; a fort of fig-tree, that bears fruit on the main ftern, which taflcs very infipid ; the Etee and Eroa, of which the natives of Otaheite make the bed lines; many gum-trees, and a great number of other plants, among which was a beautiful Nymphea, with blue and white petala.
Of birds, we found grey pigeons, with red beaks and reddlfh brown crefts, which ate very well ; two forts of fmall doves; two forts of beautiful perro-quets ; a very uncommon hawk, pied black and white; feveral other forts of hawks ; large black cocatoes, with fcarlet and orange-coloured feathers on their tails, and fome white fpots between the beak and the ear, as well as one on each
wing ;
wing; the goat-fucker, or churn-owl; merops, or bee-eaters; large bats; a fmall bird, with wattles of a deep orange red ; a bird like a Tetrao, having wattles of a fine ultramarine colour, and whofe beak and legs were black ; an owl, having thi iris of its eyes gold colour, the pupil of them dark blue; a large black and white gull, with a bright yellow beak, on the gibbous part of which was afpot of fcarlet; the corners of its mouth, and irides of the eyes, were of a bright fcarlet colour; the legs and feet a greenifh yellow : a black-bird, of the oyfter-cracker genus, with a bright red beak, except toward the pom*-, where it was yellow ; the iris of its eyes fcarlet; the irides of them bright orange ; the feet and legs of a pale-red colour: a large olive-coloured bird of the loxia genus, having the iris of its eyes of a gall-ftone colour, and the pupils of them black: a black an 1 white fhag, the iris of whofe eyes was of a fine dark-green colour, the pupils black ; the fkin which furrounded the eyes was of a verditer-green colour; the beak a pale grey; on each fide of which was a bare yellow fpot; the feet were black : a large pigeon, the iris of the eyes of which was of a blood colour, the pupils of them black ; their irides of a carmine colour; its legs and feet pale red. The two hit were taken in a bay called Tafmano Bay. The black and white hawk before-mentioned, had the iris of its eyes very broad, of a rich fcarlet colour, inclining to orange; the beak was black, the cera dirty grey yellow ; the feet were of a gold or deep buff* colour, like king's-yellow.   Befides thefe, we faw many other curious birds.
m
Of quadrupeds, there are goats, wolves, a fmall red animal about the fize of a fquirrel; a fpotted one of the viverra kind ; and an animal of a kind nearly approaching the mus genus, about the fize of a grey-hound, that had a head like a fawn's; lips and ears, which it throws back, like a hare's; on the upper jaw fix large teeth; on the under one two only; with a fhort and fmall neck, near to which are the fore-feet, which have five toes each, and five hooked claws $ the hinder legs arc long, efpecially from the laft joint, which, from the callofity below it, feems as if it lies flat on the ground when the animal defcends any de^ clivity; and each foot had four long toes, two of them behind, placed a great way back, the inner one of which has two claws; the two other toes were in the middle, and refembled a hoof, but one of them was much larger than the other. The tail, which is carried like a grey-hound's, was almoft as long as the body,
U and
ia.6 .< A VOYAGE
and tapered gradually to the end. The chief bulk of this animal is behind ; the belly being largeft, and the back rifing toward the pofteriors. The whole body is covered with fhort afh-coloured hair; and the flefli of it tafted like a hare's, but has a more agreeable flavour.
Mr. Banks found, in the woods, an Opoflum*, with two young ones fucking at her breails.
There were many alligators on the coaft, fome of them very large, and we frequently faw them fwimming round the fhip.
We found alfo feveral forts of fnakes, ants, and a fmall culex, or fly, which is not bigger than a grain of fand; the bite or fling of which was venomous, and caufed protuberances on the fkin, which itched violently.
Of fim, we found many different forts, and a variety of beautiful mell-filh; among them three forts of oyftersj fome were found in lagoons ; fome adhering to the mangrove ; and others along the fhore : large cavalhe, or fcomber; large mullets, fome flat-fim, a great number of fmall fcombrij and fkate or ray-fi(h ; One of which, that we caught, was curioufly marked on the back with polygons finely coloured ; and another of an orbicular figure, with a blue grey-coloured back, and white belly, which tafted like veal ; fome other parts like beef; and the entrails as agreeable as turtle. We caught alio turtles of a bright green colour, fome of which weighed near four hundred pounds-f*.
The natives, who were naked, though of a diminutive fize, ran very fwiftly, and were very merry and facetious. Their bones were fo fmall, that I could more than fpan their ancles; and their arms too, above the elbow joint. The tajleft we faw meafured but five feet nine inches; though their flimnefs made
* This creature has a membraneous bag near the ftomach in which it conceals and carries its young when it is apprehenfive of danger.
f On opening a turtle that we caught wc found part of a wooden lance in it, which had gone in by
the breafl: before the calapee.
them
them appear taller, moft of them were about five feet five inches; and were painted with red and white in various figures. The colour of their fkin was like that of wood-foot. They had flattim nofes, moderate-fized mouths, regular well-fet large teeth, tinged with yellow. Moft of them had cut off the hair from their heads; but fome of them wore their hur, which was curled and bufhyj and their beards frizzled. On their breafts and hips were correfponding marks like rldger, or feams, raifed above thereft of the flefh, which looked like the cicatrices of iil-healed wounds. Some of them were painted with red ftrcaks acrofs the body, and others ftreaked over the face with white, which they called Car-banda. Some of them had a fmall hair-rope about their loins, and one about an arm, made of human hair. They had alfo a bng that hung by their necks, which they carried fhell-fifh in. Their nofes had holes bored in them, through which they drew a piece of white bone about three or five inches long, and two round. [See pi. XXVI. fig. 13. and pi. XXVIL] One of them had his cars bored in like manner, and pieces of bone hung in them. Some of them had necklaces made of oval pieces of bright fhell?, which lay imbricated over one another, and linked together by two firings. The women, who did not approach nearer to us than the oppofite fhore, had feathers ftuck on the crown of their heads, faflened, as we were informed, to a piece of gum.
They had lances and levers, very neatly made of a reddilh wood; and had two pieces of bone, joined together with pitch, that flood out at the end of them. To polifh their lances they made ufe of the ficus riduola, which ferved the purpofe of a rafp. Their canoes were made out of the trunks of trees; had an outrigger; and eight outriggers on which they laid their lances. Their paddles were long in the blade. To throw the water out of their canoes, they ufed a large (hell called the Perfian-crown.
Their language was not harm, as may be feen by the following vocabulary, and they articulated their words very diftinclly, though, in fpeaking, they made a great motion with their lips, and uttered their words vociferouily, efpecially when they meant to fhew their diffent or difapprobation. When th ey were pleated, and would manifeft approbation, they faid Hee, with a long flexion of the voice,
U 2 in
148
O    Y    A    G E
in a high and fhrill tone. They often faid Tut, tut, many times together, but we knew not what they meant by it, unlefs it was intended to exprefs aftonifh-ment. At the end of this Tut, they fometimes added Urr, and often whiftled when they were furprifed*
A Vocabulary of the Language of the People of New Holland.
Bamma, JVlootjel, Dunjo,
Tumurre, orjunaurre,
Baityebai,
Tulkoore>
Garmbe,
Wageegee,
Eiyamoac,
Morye, or moree>
Walloo,
Peete,
Meiil,
Garbar,
Poetya,
Melea,
Bonjoo,
Ycmbe,
Mulere, or mole, Unjar.
Jacal, or tacal,
Waller, jeamball, or teamball, Dcomboo,
A man. A woman. A father. A fon. Bones. Hair. Blood. The head.
The crown of the head.
The hair of the head.
The temples.
1'he forehead.
The eyes.
The eye-brows.
The eye-lids.
The ears.
The nofe.
The lips.
The teeth.
The tongue.
The chin.
The beard.
The neck.
Morcol,
TO THE	SOUTH    SEAS. 149
Morcolj	The throat.
Coyor,	The breafi.
Coyoor,	The nipples.
Melmal,	The pit of the ftomach.
Gippa,	The belly.
Toolpoor,	The navel.
Mocoo,	The back.
Eeimbar,	The fides or ribs.
Aco, or ac©?,	The arms.
Camor, or gamorga,	The arm-pits.
Mangal,	The hands.
Eboorbalga,	The thumb.
Egalbaiga,	The three fingers next the thumb.
Nakil, or eboornakil,	The little finger.
Coenjoo,	The hips.
Booca,	The anus.
Coman,	The thighs.
Atta,	The ham.
Pongo,	The knees.
Peegoorga,	The legs.
Chongarn,	The ancle.
Edamal,	The feet.
Kniororor,	The heel.
Chumal,	The file of the foot.
Jambooingar, or tambooingar,	The toes.
Koike,	The nails.
Pandal,	A fore.
Moro,	The fears on their bodies.
Tennapuke, or jermapuke.	The hole in their nojlrils made for the hone
	ornament.
Cotta,	A dog.
Kangooroo,	The leaping quadruped.
Taquol, or jaquol,	An animal of the viverra kind.
Waowa,
150                       A V	O    Y    A    G E
Waowa,	The creft of a bird.
Poctyo,	A feather.
Goromoco,	Afalcon.
Wanda,	A cockatoo.
Perpore,	The blue-headed lory que t.
Baipai,	The fpottedftarling.
Poteea,	Fifh.
Cooenda, or yolcumba,	The fpotted Jhark.
Jckkerra,	The fer rated bone of the fting ray.
Putai,	A turtle.
Poenja,	A male turtle.
Mameingo,	A female turtle.
Maboo,	The tail of a turtle.
Mailetja,	Echinus pentaphy hides, or fat fea-egg.
Bingabinga,	Echinus ovarius viridis, the greenijh prick-
	ly fea-egg.
Kanawoongo,	Haliotcs, or ear-fhell.
Gomego,	Cyprea tygris, the tyger cowry,
Metieul,	Tlx telefcope-jhell.
Ebapee,	The other mud-fhell, or lipped telefcope.
Chicoai,	The P erf an-crown fie 11.
Kurrow, or kurooee.	Spondyius3 the hinge oyfier.
Moenje,	Chama, or fmooth cockle.
Tabugga, jabugga, or chapaua,	*fiy.
WalboolbooJ,	A butterfly.
Wolbit,	Plantains.
Depoor,	Ficus ridula.
Badjoor,	Cicas circinaiis.
Balanguir,	Convolvulus Braflicnfis.
Bandeer,	Abrus pricatorius.
Maracotn,	Taro, or yam.
Nampar,	Bamboo.
Maiye,	A branch or flalk.
Dora,	Aleaf they chewed.
Kerc-
Keremande,	i A cocoa-nut-flje/l.
Darnda,	The redgum*
Zoocoo,	Wood
Maianang,	Fire.
Poorai,	Water*
Poapoa,	Earth.
Galan,	The fun.
Wulgar,	The clouds.
Kere,	The fky.
Walba,	A ftone*
Toowal, orjoowal,	Sand.
Yendoo, or jangoo,	A bafket.
Goorga,	A rope, or line.
Paijall,	Afiring made of aflineiv.
Charngala,	A bag.
Gulka,	A lance.
Melpairo, or melpier,	The hand-board of the lance.
Tapool,	The bone ornament they wear through the
	feptum nap* or divifon of the nojlrih.
Geannar,	A mother-of-pearl necklace.
Carbanda, or carball,	The white paint on their bodies.
Maragau, or emaragu,	A canoe.
Malepair,	The lever of the canoe.
Garboora, or garburra,	The out-rigger.
Mairbarra,	Smooth.
Boota, bootina, yette, and yatta,	To eat.
Chuchala,	To drink.
Meerya,	To rca/l or drefs victuals.
Tucai, or tucaiya,	To ft down.
Marra,	To go*
TVIingoore,	To dance.
Mailelcl,	To fwim.
Pclenyo,	To paddle.
Aibu^je,	To yawn-> Boon a,
I52
Poona,
Wonananio,
Tocaya,
Kidde,
Cowai,
Hala, hala, mae,
Walgal, or walangal,
Walga,
Gorra, gorra,
Chambara,
Yciyc,
Yarba,
Cutjalla,
Kono, kono,
Eya & ba,
Te,
Chaloee, Yarea, 6c charo^
A
V    O    Y A
E
Yecalca, Yercbee,
To fleep or reft on.
Afleep.
Sit down.
Get along, or go before. Let us go ; Come along. Come hither.
Uncover \ take off, (hew.
Strip, or uncover yourfelf.
Again, again.
Throw it away.
Is it this t
That's all.
Tie it on.
I cannot do it.
That, or this.
An article the fame as A, or The.
An exprefjion of furprize !
Words uttered in a tone ofpleafing fur prize, on Jeeing the whitenefs of fome of our people's fkin who had taken off their cloaths, in order to bathe.
Expreffed on feeing their fpears that we had taken.
Expreffed onfeeling the effects of a burning-* glafs.
MENS NAMES.
Yappa Gadugoo,
Yarconigo,
Garranattoo,
Tapuolyer, Balgomee, Goota,
Dunggrea,
Yaparico,
Taijaputta.
Cabecleelce, coyelaillo, halle-cutta, yerba, yerbe, yerga, are words they frequently made ufe of, but the meaning of them we could not find out.
As
As a mark of difTent, they faid Aipa, feveral times, arid this was the only word, that we could diftinguifh, to accord with the Otaheitean language.
On our arrival, the natives (hewed themfelves, on the land oppofite to us, by degrees; and, after having thrown them fome finh, they ventured to approach us in a canoe; landed by us; laid down their lances, and came forward to meet us, (hewing figns of amity as they came along; but they were fo much abafhed at firft, that they took but little notice of us, or of any thing about us, though they did not feem to be apprehenfive of danger. We made them fome prefents, which they accepted, but did not (hew much fondnefs for them. They became, at length, more free when only three .of us were prefent, and made figns for us to take off fome of our garments, which we did accordingly. They viewed them with furprize; but they feemed to have had no idea of cloaths; nor did they exprefs a defire for any ; and a (hurt, which we gave them, was found afterwards torn into rags.
The natives (hewed a great antipathy to our tame birds, and attempted to throw one of them over-board ; and, a little before we left the land, they fet fire to the grafs round the fpot where we had pitched our tent; but, luckily for us, moft of our things were on-board, or they would, in all probability, have been confumed, as the fire burnt very fiercely, and had like to have deftroyed a litter of pigs, and fome other things. We (hot at one of them, who ran up the hill with a firebrand, and wounded him. Several of them came to us afterwards, and made peace with us.
They feem to live mcftly on (hell-fim, the remains of which we frequency faw about their fires, which they procure by twirling a piece of wood in a hole, made in another piece, till it is lit up into a flame.
X
Seme
Some of our people, in a pinnace, went in fearch of a paflage to go out of the bay, and landed on a coral reef, where they met with a great number of fhells ; and, among the reft, the fpondylus, and a large fort of trochus, or top-fhell, with which they loaded the boat.
On the 4th of Auguft, in the morning, we weighed anchor, left the harbour, and fleered N. E. till we were near the Turtle Reefs; there we anchored again, and fent the boats on fhore, which returned with a turtle, a large fkate, and a great number of clams, a fort of cockle, fome of them very large.
On the 5th, it blew fo hard that we could not weigh anchor till afternoon, and then we flood to the N. E. but, meeting with feveral fhoals, we were obliged to call anchor again, as the wind blew frefh, and were detained till the 10th. On the morning of which we weighed anchor again, but the wind blowing hard from the S. S. E. we drove, and were obliged at length to let go two anchors, an4 rode by the firft with near two hundred fathoms of cable.
We had chiefly ftrong gales of wind after the fun's approach toward us from the tropic of Capricorn j and, on account of the many fhoals hereabout, we did not go directly out to fea, but kept near the fhore, and palled by fome low iflands well covered with trees.
We alfo faw three high iflands, and failed betwixt them and the main : the latter appeared very low, barren, and fandy.
Toward evening we were on a fudden alarmed by the appearance of land all round us: the weather being hazy, and the wind blowing frefh, we hauled in our wind, and came to under a bluff point of the main.
On the 13th, in the morning, we weighed anchor, and flood to the eaftward, clofe to one of the high iflands which we had paffed before, and fo on through a break of the reef, which was about half a mile wide. This reef, which the captain difcovered
covered from the top of the laft-mentioned ifland, ran farther than the eye could reach, on the outermoft fide of all the reft, like a wall, and the fea broke very high upon it: We found no founding in the paffage, latitude 140 38', and we flood to the N. E. in order to get out to fea, intending to keep to the northward on the morrow.
On the 15th, about noon, we faw land again in latitude 13* S. alfo a continuation of the reef which ran along-fide of it. In the evening, flanding right in for land, we were alarmed by fuddenly difcovering that reef extended to leeward of us, upon which we hauled in our wind, and crouded all the fail we could, that we might be able to weather the farthefl point of it. The wind was eaflerly this day, more moderate, and the fwell of the fea lefs.
On the  16th, at the dawn of day,  we had a reef under our lee, at about a mile diflance,  which alarmed us much.   When it was quite light, we faw breakers all round us excepting to windward, where we came in.   The wind failing us about midnight, we tacked about, being afraid to ftand any farther; and the wind's ftill failing was the caufe that we drove on the reef, which we now neared apace.   In this dilemma, we firft hoifted out our fmall boats (the long boat being flowed, and the pinnace repairing) to tow her off, and got a pair of fweeps rigged out of the gun-room ports, to turn her head about.   A flight puff of wind gave us fome hopes of effecting it; but that failing, we approached fo near the breakers, that there was but one heave of the fwell between them and the fhip. However, with our pulling, the alteration of the tide, and another flight puff of wind, we cleared her a little more from the reef, and flood to where we faw a break in the reef to leeward, there we hoped, at leaft, to find ground to anchor upon ; but, when we got to the entrance of it, we were driven off by a ripple of the tide that fet out with great force; which, however, proved very providential, as we afterward found there were rocks in the paffage, and that it was not a proper-break.   We then flood to windward, intending either to get out as we came in, or a little farther down to leeward, where the reef feemed detached; but, perceiving, foon after, the tops of fome rocks in the paffage, we declined attempting it. The wind again dying away, we were at a lofs what to do for the beft ; but, at laft, determined on fending fome of our people in the boat to examine into the appear-
X 2 ancc
ance of another break ftill farther to leeward ; and, a light breeze fpringing up from the eaft, we refolved to pufh in there, though the paflage was but narrow, which we happily accomplifhed, being aflifted by the tide; and we anchored between the reef and the fhore, in fifteen fathoms water; though, at the very edge of thefe reefs, we had no founding at one hundred and fifty-five fathoms. At our iirft entrance into this place we had very unequal foundings; fometimes finding no bottom ; and one fathom farther finding it with twenty fatboms of line. This, we apprehended, was occafioned by the coral rocks which rife up almoft perpendicular.   Latitude 120 36'.
On the 17th, in the morning, we fent fome men in the boat to the reef for turtles and clams, but they returned without any of the former, and with but few clams, though they were of a large fize.
The reefs were covered with a numberlefs variety of beautiful corallines of all colours and figures, having here and there interftices of very white fand. Thefe made a pleafmg appearance under water, which was fmooth on the infide of the reef, while it broke all along the outfide, and may be aptly compared to a grove of fhrubs growing under water. Numbers of beautiful coloured fifties make their retidencc amongft thefe rocks, and may be caught by hand on the high part of the reef at low water. There are alfo crabs, molufca of various forts, and a great variety of curious fhell-fifh, which adhere to the old dead coral that forms the reef.
On the 18th, we weighed anchor, and flood along ftiore on the infide of the reef, thinking that would be the fafeft and beft way of finding the paflage between New-Guinea and this land : we met with a great many iflands, fhoals, and reefs, and came to at night. We kept along fhore till the 21ft, and, at noon, in latitude 10* 36', we came to a great number of iflands near the main land, which tended away to the S.W. We flood through between two of thefe iflands, to the weft, and found a very ftrong tide, which carried us along brifkly, and gave us hopes that this was a paffage between New Holland and New Guinea. At length we came to, and the pinnace was fent on fhore to a fpot where we faw fome of tho patives ftand gazing at us; but when the boat's company landed* they immediately
fled.
TO THE SOUTH SEAS. ,r fled. The captain, and fome others, went up to the top of a hill, and, feeing a clear paffage, they hoifled a jick, and fired a volley, which was a nfwe red b the marines below, and the marines by three vollies from the fhip, and three cheers from the main fhrouds. The natives were armed with lances,, and one of them had a bow in his hand. In other refpects they were much like the people we faw Ian:, being quite naked, and of a dark colour. This land was more rocky, and lefs fandy than we had lately feen, but ftill very barren ; though the flats, indeed, were covered with many verdant trees. We alfo difcovered very high land at a great diftance to the N. E. which we took for the land of New Guinea.
We were obliged to keep a conftant look-out while we paffed between the reef and the land, as it was full of fhoals, reefs, fandy keys, and fmall iflands; and had we not come in again, we fhould not have found a paffage.
On the 23d, we had light breezes from the N. and S.W. with fome calms, and were certain of being in a ftrait, which feemed to be not very remote from the rivec Van Speult in Carpentaria; the land to the north being made up of a clufler of iflands. We found fhallow water all through this ftrait, which we named En-deavour Straits; and went over a bar that had only three fathoms and a half water. About noon, we faw a fmall ifland covered with birds-dung of a white colour; and fome of our people went off in a boat, and fhot a fcore of birds called Boobies.
On the 24th, in the morning, the cable broke in weighing up the anchor, which obliged us to drop another, and detained us all day fweeping for it with much trouble; but, the next morning, we got it up, and foon after were under way, and flood on to the N. W. with a tine breeze from the eaft. About two o'clock,, in the afternoon, we were much alarmed by finding ourfelves amongft a parcel of fmall fhoals. Thefe fhoals were difcovered by the water's appearing a little brownifh. They confifted of rocks upon which there were only two and three fathoms water ; and, though there was a pretty large fwell, they did not break. There was one not half a cable's length from the fhip. We had not more than from fix to eleven fathoms water in this fea when we were out of fight of land. After examining around for the fafeft way to get clear of thefe fhoals, we weighed anchor and flood out, firft foutherly, and then to the weft* till we deepened our water to eleven
fathoms;
fathoms; and then fuppofed that we palled near fome part of that great fhoal, ftretching round part of the ifland of Hogeland, on the north of Carpentaria.
On the 26th, we fleered wefl: all day, with a fine breeze from the eaft, and deepened our water to twenty-five fathoms, in latitude io° to'.
On the 27th, fteering northward for the coaft cf New Guinea, we were fur-prieed again by the appearance of a ftioal all round us; on examination, however, we found it was only a fort of fpawn fwimming upon the water, r ch as we had often feen before, that gave it that appearance. We had, on this day, twenty-nine fathoms water and under.   Latitude 90 56'.
On the 28th, about noon, we got into very broken ground, the foundings being, on a fudden, from three fathoms to ten, and continued very irregular all the afternoon, with hard ground. This, however, did not prevent us from making all the fail we could, and without a boat ahead. About four o'clock in the afternoon, we faw low land. Toward the evening it blew very hird from the S. E. and we ftood E. N. E. and were in great danger of ftriking. As the water was fo fhoal, we flood backwards and forwards all night; and, through the good providence of GoJ, met with no accident.   Latitude 8° 54/.
On the 29th, we ftood in for the land of New Guinea, which looked very flat, and was covered with trees, among which we faw a great many palms that overtopped the reft ; but whether there were cocoa-nuts we could not get near enough, for the fhoals, to determine. We faw an opening which had the appearance of a river's mouth; and many fmokes on the land. In the afternoon we were abreaft of a point of land, which we fuppofed was that diflinguifhed in the maps by the name of Cape Valfch, or Falfe Cape : From this cape the land continued low, but did not tend to the S.E. as we expected. We could not keep near the fhore, the foundings being only from five to ten fathoms, at three or four leagues diflance from land. The water was very white and muddy, like that of a river, and had a (undy bottom.   Latitude 8° 19'.
On the 30th, we coafled along about three or four leagues from the land, which was very flat. Our foundings were much the fame as the day before. This fand-bank extends about a league farther out to fea, as we judged from the dark-coloured water which we faw from the fhip. In the evening, the land feemed to end in a point, and tend away to the north. The fea was very full of fome fluff like chaff, and we faw fome fmoke upon land.   Latitude 8° 39/.
On the 31.fl, in the night, a current carried us away fo far to weftward, that it was evening, the next day, before we made land again. We were now pretty certain that we had got round Cape Valfch by the fmoothnefs of the water, and thought the fand-bank would have broken off here, but it rather increafed, for we had only four fathoms water, and, at the fame time, could not fee the land.
After beating about for three days in quefl of land, being prevented getting frr with it by the wind fetting eafl, on the 3d, in the morning, we made the coaft: again, and approached to within three or four leagues of the fhore : A party of our people went, in the pinnace, to examine the country while we flood off and on. They foon returned with an account that a great number of the natives threatened them on the beach, who had pieces of bamboo, or canes, in their hands, out of which they puffed fome fmoke, and then threw fome darts at them? about a f.thorn long, made of reeds, and pointed of Etoa wood, which were barbed, but very blunt. Our people fired upon them, but they did not appear to be intimidated ; our men, therefore, thought proper to embark. They obferved that thefe people were not negroes, as has been reported, but are much like the natives cf New Holland, having fhock hair, and being entirely naked. They alfo faw a plenty of cocoa-nuts growing on the trees, as well as lying in heaps on the ground ; and plantains, bread-fruit, and Peea. The country appeared very fertile, having a great number of different forts of trees, which formed very thick woods. The foil is very rich, and produces much lafger plants than grow on the iflands.   Latitude 61 15'.
On the 5th, in the morning, which was moon-light, about one o'clock, we palled two low iflands, which, we fuppofed, are th* fouthermofl cf the A row
ICL-s
160 A       V    O    Y   A    G E
Hies that are fet down about this parallel. There is a fine frefh trade-wind, which generally blows eafterly in the day time, but comes about at night more foutherly, and blows much ftronger. We kept a W. S. W. courfe, being in latitude y° 24/ fouth, about twelve degrees from the ifland of Timor. Since the 3d inflant we have had from twelve to twenty fathoms water till this day, and then our foundings were much deeper.
The Arow Ifles belong to the Dutch Eaft-India company, who go there from Banda, and trade for fago, birds of paradife, and New-Guinea (laves.
On the 6th, in the forenoon, in latitude of 8° 15', we faw an ifland to the N.W. of us, of confiderable extent, being about fix or feven leagues of flat level land; and, by the latitude we were in, we fuppofed it was Timor land, which is laid down in the maps more to the weftward. We had a very fre(h trade-wind from the S. E. and no foundings.
On the 7th, we had a frefh trade-wind from the eafl, with clear weather, latitude 90 3 i', and faw abundance of very fmall flying-fifh, and fome porpoiies.
On the 9th, we had light breezes, or calms, all day. Mr. Banks went out in the fmall boat, and fhot between thirty and forty large boobies, which prey upon the flying-fifli. In the evening we faw land to the N. W. of us, and fuppofed it to be about twenty leagues diftant, which being very high, we thought, at firft, it had been clouds.   Latitude 90 46''.
On the 10th, we had light breezes or calms all day, and were ftill at a great diflance from land. We made an obfcrvation of the fun this day, and of the moon at night, to determine the longitude, and found ourfelves in 2330 33' weft from London; and our latitude, by obfervation, was io° i' fouth, by which we were certain that a current had driven us to the fouth, as we kept our courfe to the weft. We faw feveral fharks, dolphins, and barracootas, about the fhip, and caught a large fhark.
TO    THESOUTH SEAS.
161
On the 12th, in the morning, we had light breezes from the wed, but, in the afternoon, it veered round to the fouth. We were on the eaft fide of Timor, and about one mile and a half from the more, which is very ftrait, and has a fandy beach ; the inner fide of which has a fkirting of Etoa trees. We faw the opening of a river which might make a fnug harbour. Both the high and low land is covered with wood, amongft which are many palms on the hills: We faw no houfe, or any human being, but a great many fmokes.
On the 15th, after having been troubled feveral days with light breezes from the* S. W. we had the wind N. E. and E. and ftood fouthward to weather it. The land, this day, appeared very fcabby to the naked eye, but, viewed through our glaffes, we dilcovered thefe to be clear places, many of which were fenced about, and had houfes upon them, the eaves of which reached to the ground. We faw alfo a great many palm-trees on the beach, as well as on the hills, fome parts of which were cultivated. We had a bold fhore, with hardly any beach. Toward evening the land near the fhore appeared much flitter and more level; behind which, at a great diftance, we difcovered many high hills.   Latitude xo°
On the 16th, in the morning, we had a brifk trade-wind from the eaft, and a view of the ifland of Rotte, which lies off the fouth end of Timor, and palled between it and Anamaboo, which lies to the S. W. of Timor. Both thefe iflands were much lower than Timor; neither did they appear fo fertile. We faw no houfes, fmoke, or cultivated land upon them, but many palms of a kind we were not acquainted with. We had a fine brifk trade-wind this day, but no foundings; latitude, by obfervation, was] 0*24', about four or five leagues from the fouth er-moft part of Timor. In the night, between ten and eleven o'clock, before the moon was up, we faw a remarkable phasnomenon, which appeared in the fouth quarter, extending one point weft, and two eaft, and was about twenty degrees high, like a glow of red rifing from fire, ftriped with white, which fhot up from the horizon in a perpendicular direction, alternately appearing and disappearing.
Y
On
On the 17th in the morning, we faw a fmall ifland, which, by its appearance, promifed nothing, being brown, and almoft bare, excepting of palms, and a few other trees. On our approaching nearer to it, we faw feveral forts of cattle, which induced us to fleer to leeward and fend the boat on fhore ; in the mean time, itanding off and on, feveral of the natives came to them on horfeback, whofpoke-a little Portugueze, and told them there was a bay on the other fide of the next point where the (hip might anchor, and we might meet with a fupply of provifions. We purfued our courfe round the point, and anchored in a very large bay. In the evening we faw a village, fituate on the fide of a hill, that had Dutch colours hoifled in it. The next morning fom« of us went on fhore, and waited on the Raja, or king, who received us very gracioufly, and promifed to fupply us with every thing, if the Dutchman pleafed: The Dutchman vouchfafed to confent, and made us a vifit on board, in company with the Raja and his attendants : they dined with us; were very ceremonious, and left us, after having made fpecious profef-fions of friendfhip. The next day fome of our people returned the vifit, and dined with them. After much fhuffling on their part, we made fhift to obtain a large number of fowls, eight bullocks, feveral goats, hogs, a great quantity of fyrup, and a few fruits.
They informed us that they had been without rain in the country for feven months, and that the herbage was almoft burnt up.
This ifland, which is divided into five diftridls, is about thirty miles long 3 is called Savoo, and lies fouth of India. It contains near nine thoufand inhabitants, and for thefe nine years pafi: has been poiTeflfed by the Dutch, who have a refident here, and trade to India, Macaflar, and Timor ; and, from this ifland, furnifh Concordia with provifions. It was formerly in the pofleflion of the Portuguefe, who left it about an hundred years fince.
As we were not permitted to examine the country, or its products, the Dutchman not fuffering us to go any where without a flrong guard, I amufed myfelf in picking up, from the natives of the ifland, what particulars I could learn in refpect to their language, from which I afterwards formed the following vocabulary.
A
A Vocabulary of the Language  of the Natives of the
Ifland of S AV O O.
Momonne,	A man.
Neekeeng-iro,	A grown man.
Momma,	An old man.
Monecopai,	A boy.
Mobunne,	A woman.
Anawuneekee,	A child.
Ca'oo,	The head.
Row catoo,	The hair of the head.
Bocblo,	The crown of the head.
OtaYle,	The temples.
Tangarei,	The forehead.
Madda,	The eyes.
Rdw na madda,	The eye-brows.
Dungeena madda,	The eye-lids.
Robpa-gapoong,	The eye-lafhes.
Wodeeloo,	The ears.
Sivanga,	The mfe.
Roa fivanga,	The nofrils.
Cavaranga,	The cheeks.
Lara-vobboo,	The mouth.
Kooring-vobboo deeda,	The upper lip.
Kooring-vobboo vava,	The under lip.
Sungeedee,	The gums.
Ingootoo deeda,	The upper teeth.
Ingootoo vava,	The under teeth.
Vaio,	The tongue,
Pugavee^
164 A	VOYAGE
Pagavee,	The chin.
Row, na voobo>	The mu/lachios.
Row, vee,	The beard.
Lacbco,	The neck.
Ladogbro,	The throat.
Soofoo,	The breafts.
Caboo foofoo.	The nipples.
Duloo,	The belly.
Aflbo,	The navel.
Kologobno,	The flioulders.
Camacoo,	The arms.
Larab6rro>	The arm-pits.
Voseoo,	The elbows.
Baibad,	The wrijl.
Will aba 3	The hand.
Daraba,	The palm of the hand.
Duneaba,	The back of the hand.
Kifooe aiai",	The thumb.
Kifoce A'iyooyooy	The forefinger.
Kifooe Aitororro*	The two next ftngers.
Kifooe Eikee,	The little finger.
Koo-00,	The nails.
Voorai,	The backfide.
Tooga,	The thighs.
Rootoo,	The knees.
Laracruk.ee,	The hams.
Baibo,	The legs.
Doolooraoonoo baibo.	The calves of the legs:
Pjfccalai,	The ancles.
Dunee'ala,.	The feet.
Woterdo,	The heel.
Dara villa,	The fate of the foot.
Kitfobei yilla,	The toes.
Racaee^
Racaee,	The fkin*
Killooe,	The veins.
Macoocooree,	The flefh.
Munje,	Fat.
Row,	Hair.
Cabao,	A buffalo.
Dejaro, or cHaro,	A horfe.
Vavee,	A hog.
Gnaca,	A dog.
Badoo gnaca,	The barking of a dog.
Kesavoo,	A goat.
Doomba,	A flxep.
Kee,	A ewe.
Maio,	A cat.
Roolai,	The tail of a quadruped.
Doleela,	A bird.
Pangootoo,	The beak of a bird.
1 Carrow,	The tail of a bird.
Row-man noa,	Feathers.
Dulloo,	An egg.
Manoo,	A cock or hen.
Raree-manoo,	The comb of a cock.
Tutuo-manoo,	Cock-crowing.
Kidicoo-manoo,	Clucking of a hen.
Nudoo,	A fifh. -
Unjoo,	A turtle.
Toodoolai,	'   A libcllu la, or dt -agon -fly.
Samala,	A mufcheater.
Sotee,	Nautilus pompilius.   The large chambered
	nautilus, or Jaihr-jhclL
Kercgga,	Coralline.
Adjo?,	A tree, and wood.
La,	The trunk of a tree.
Coree, or koree,	The bark of a tree.
Calai,
i66 A	VOYAGE
Calai,	A branch.
Row,	A leaf.
Vooe,	Fruit. '
Dooe, or Dooa,	The fyrup palm.
Kililla,	Aree a.
Ao,	Chi nam.
Cananna,	Piper betle.
Nai,	Tobacco.
Vomoo,	Plantains.
Chevoos, ava,	Oomarra, or fweet potatoes.
Oobee,	Jgnames or yams.
Cleeoo,	Bamboo.
Dubboo,	Sugar Cane.
Leebee,	Avirrhoa bilimbe.
Boa feeree,	Palm-fruit.
Wafilaggee,	Tamarinds.
Wudyarroo,	Limes.
Yirroo,	Oranges.
Micu,	Cocoa-nuts.
Arre,	Rice.
Kivoonoo,	Cocoa-nut rind.
Cadjoo manoo,	Cinnamon.
Mangooroong-ootoo,	Nutmegs.
Wowdulloo,	Cloves.
Vopaio,	Black-pepper.
Cootoo-codo,	Ginger.
Lodo,	The fun.
Wurroo,	The moon.
Lecroo,	The fiy.
IVIiramoo,	The clouds.
Capoa-rcero,	The horizon.
Demoo,	The Eaft.
Va,	The weft.
Wodai,	The north*
\V allow,	The fouth.
Sabooai,
Sabooai,
Mireengee,
Kibafoo,
Aee,
Ailei,
AidafTee,
Nova,
Vorai, or raec,
Caco,
Collolaide,
Wawadoo,
Lafilai,
BufTee,
Bulido,
Millapobdee,
Millalarra,
Umoo,
Bagoo,
CabeeiTa,
Dupee,
Lebravoo,
Baraco,
Retaca,
Ingootoo-tumoo, Toodee,
Toodee-yampoo,
Yobe,
Kepocke,
Kepov arena,
Dairc,
Goola,
Booro,
Dagee,
Garra,
Munje,
Smoke. Cold. Heat. Fire. Water. The fea.
The furf of the fea.
The earth.
The land.
The hills.
A ftone.
Sand.
Iron.
Lead.
Silver,
Gold.
A houfe.
AJlool.
A bafket.
A mat.
A looking-glafs.
A box.
An axe.
A comb.
A knife.
A cafe-knife.
A fword.
A long fpear.
A cannon.
A drum.
Palm fyrup.
Bread.
Mutton.
Salt.
Oil.
i6S	A	VOYAGE
Leepa,		Cotton cheque.
Seegee,		The cotton cloth made on the ifland.
Codo,		A caliico gown.
Singoodoo,		A palm bonnet.
Oodoo,		Beads.
Gaddee,		Large ivory rings.
Tata,		Tataow, or marks made in the fkin.
Maanadoo,		A'JiJJj-hook.
Cova,		A boat.
Joolee, or toolee.		A large canoe.
Capa,		Afiip,
Dupoodco,		White.
Cairara,		Yellow:
Dumuddee,		Blue.
Mingaroo,		Green.
Sooree,		Red.
Bulla,		Black.
Sao-lodo,		The morning.
Deeda-lodo,'		The forenoon.
Nutoo-lodo,		Noon.
Maceo-Iodo,		Afternoon.
Munda-lodo,		The evening.
Mud da,		Midnight.
Pooai,		More.
Taro,		There.
o,		Yes.
Tiraraacobfee,		Farewell.
Bole,		Stay, wait a little.
BufToo,		Enough, I am fatified.
Sillaeo,		To Jee.
Roadeeloo,		To hear.
Taiyiggce,		To feel.
Killbo,		To fmell.
Gna'a,		To eat.
Neenawei,		To drink.
Neeno-
Neeno-darao,
Toonoo,
Varitai,
Jugge, or tugge,
Tookoo,
Voffee,
Ta laco,
Ta puceo,
Ta feeo,
Ta te,
Ta foonne,
Ta tucke,
Ta ingaree,
Ta teetoo,
Ta tooe,
Midyadee,
Ta eaco,
Ta rai,
Ta mudje,
Painyee marunga,
Painyee roo elloo,
Ta bunge,
Ta maia,
Ta marree,
Picoongaca,
Ta tanjee,
Ta budje,
Maddee,
Manu Diami,
To drink to one. T? roajl or bake. T7 kindle or light.
To kick.
To Row. To paddle. To bend. Ti break. To tear. To cut. To hide. To lay by.
To Jhew or take out.
T5 rife.
To fall.
To ft down.
To walk.
To run.
To talk.
To blow the nofe. To fpit. To fneeze. To cough. To laugh. To whine. To cry. Tofeep. To dye.
The Governors name.
NUMERATION,
NUMERATION.
Hie, or ufTe,	One.
Rooe,	Two.
Tulloo,	Three.
Uppa,	Four.
Lumee,	Five.
Unna,	Six.
Petoo,	Seven.
Aroo,	Eight.
Saio,	Nine.
Singooroo,	Ten.
Singooroo ifTe,	Eleven.
Singooroo rooe,	Twelve, &c.
Rooingooroo,	Twenty.
Rooingooroo ifle,	Twenty-one, &c.
Tulloomooroo,	Thirty.
Xnlloomooroo iflc.	Thirty-one, &c.
Uppangooroo,	Forty.
Lumingooroo,	Fifty.
Unnangooroo,	Sixty.
Peetoongooroo,	Seventy.
Arocngooroo,	Eighty.
Saiongooroo,	Ninety.
SiagafToo,	One hundred.
Looang afloo,	Two hundred.
Setuppih,	One thou/and.
Roo fetuppah,	Two thoufand.
Selacufla,	Ten thoufand.
Serata,	One hundred thoufand.
Sereboo,	A million.
After a flay of two or three days, we left Savoo, and, on the ift of October, in the morning, difcovered Java and Prince's Iflands. We directed our courfe through the Straits of Sundy; and, in the afternoon, paffed a fmall iiland, upon which we faw a very high hill, of a conical figure, and feveral fmall ones. This is called the Iile of Crocata : We faw alfo Pepper-Point. In the night, the weather was fqually, and we had rain, with thunder and lightening. By our reckoning we found that Java Head is about 14* 22' to the weft of Timor. We had a brifk trade-wind from the S. E. and very near over-fhot the Straits; but not finding land, we hauled to the eaftward, and luckily got into the Straits to the leeward of Prince's Ifland.   Our latitude, at noon, was 6° 9'.
On the 2d, we failed up as far as Angor Point, where we were becalmed, and waited for the current, which fetsto the fouth till the monfoon fliifts. We faw two Indiamen at anchor in Angor Bay. This was a pleafing fight; and, being impatient to hear news from England, the pinnace was hoiited out, and fome of our people went on board of them, who learned that the Swallow had arrived fafe in the Englifli channel; that frefh difturbances had arifen at home, in refpect to the minifters, and in America on account of taxes ; that the flame of war was like to break out; that the Ruffians, Poles, and Turks, were already embroiled in a war; and that the Ruflians had made fome vigorous attacks upon the Turks both by fea and land. We fent the boat on fhore for fome plantains and cocoa-nuts; and, in the evening, having a gentle breeze, we weighed anchor, and ftood through between Angor Point and the oppofne fhore, and paft Keita Ifland. The land of Sumatra feemed very near, and appeared to be exceeding high. We had alfo a more diflinct view of Java, which was woody, and very high, particularly Bantam-hill, which is to be feen at a great diftance.
On the 3d, we got up near to Bantam Point, or Point St. Nicholas, where we were becalmed, and dropped anchor. We faw a Chincfe veffel pafs along the Straits, with Chinefe colours flying, which were white, and had a broad border, partly blue and partly black: in the middle of it feveral Chinefe characters^ and a ftar, which were painted of the latter colour. She had one mail; an oblong fquare fail, a bamboo yard, and an awning, or houfe, in the middle.
Z 2 In
In the afternoon, fome people came off to us, in a boat, from Angor-Point, to enquire who we were, and brought plantains, pumplenofes, oranges, turtles, parrots, domeftic poultry, fome fmall birds, and monkeys, which they offered to fale. They told us that the Prince-George, captain Riddle, was loft laftjune off Batavia> and that the crew were carried by a Dutch fhip to Bengal.
In the evening we weighed anchor, but, having only alight breeze, we made no way.
On the 4th, we had a northerly wind, which was directly againft us, and the current ran very ftrong. Finding that we had loft ground, we anchored at night off Pulo Pifane; and, while we lay at anchor, fome of our people went on fhore in a boat, and bought fome cocoas, and Paddy, or rice in the hufk. On the evening of the next day, a light breeze fprang up from the Weft; but we were foon becalmed, and dropped anchor again. The weather was very fultry. Thermometer 86.
On the 7th, we weighed and dropped anchor feveral times, having light breezes and calms: however, the tide fhifting in our favour, we reached, that day, as far as Pulo Babi, which lies in the bay of Bantam, and palled Pulo Panjang.
On the 8th, having light breezes, with calms, and the current running ftrong againft us, we made but very little way. This day we failed between the Milles Ifles, Pulo Tidong, and Pulo Pare. Thefe are moftly fmall and low iflands, covered with trees; and, by the lights which we faw on fhore, we concluded that fome of them were inhabited; and were not deceived in our conjectures; for, at night, fome of the natives came off to us, and brought fome turtles, pumpkins, and dried fifh.
On the loth, we anchored in the road of Batavia, in which we found fixteen large fhips, three of which were Britifh ; one of them an Indiaman that had loft its paffage to China, and the other two private merchantmen. A lieutenant, in the pinnace, was difpatched to the deputy-governor with a meffige, who told him, he
ibouid
mould be glad to fee captain Cook, and that it would be proper to prefent his requeues to the council in writing, who were to meet the next day. The pinnace returned to the (hip, loaded with pine-apples,, plantains, water-melons, and a bundle of London news-papers, which were very acceptable prefents.
The Dutch commodore fent a meffenger on-board of us, to enquire who we were ; and by him we learned that the Falmouth man-of-war fell to pieces in this roaa1 about four months before we arrived. <
Batavia, formerly called Jocatra, is fituated in a very large open bay, in which is a great number of low iflands ; the principal of which, called the Milles Ifles, lie off the bay. It is walled round, and has many canals cut through it, fupplied by a river, which is divided into feveral flreams, that run through the town. The main canal, which is large enough to admit fmall veflels, is carried a long way into the fea by means of a mole. The mountainous part of this country is at a great diftance within lanci; and the plain flat land, which furrounds the city, is of confiderable extent, very fertile, and watered with a great many rivulets; which renders the communication between different parts very eafy. The roads which lead from the city are many, and as good as ours in England; they extend a long way into the country, and are fo many avenue?, planted with Tamarind, Cocoa, Pi-fang, Bread-fruit, Jacca, Duriam, and Allango, trees, which render them very pleafant. There is a great number of villas all along thefe roads, many of which have a magnificent appearance. In brief, the whole country looks like a garden, divided into d fferent plantations by hedge-rows of trees and canals. But thefe canals, which are fo convenient and enrich the views of the country, are fuppofed to be prejudicial to the health of the inhabitants: for, in the dry feafon, they fhgnate, become putrid, and, being exhaled by the fun, the air is charged with noxious vapours: while the great number of trees prevents them from being difperfed by the winds, and occafions that kind of putrid fever, which is fo common, rages fo much, and h fo fatal amongft them, infomuch that it carries off a patient in a few days; and indeed the climate is fo unhealthy, that even the flaves, brought here from other parts of India, feel the effects of it. Fluxes too are alfo very common and dangerous at Batavia; and their intermittents, which the inhabitants think trivial, are very pre-
<s judicial
judicial to foreigners; but it mult be allowed, however, that they moflly prove fo for want of obferving a proper regimen.
-ujJc* i*..r.ni} t8ci©i'jiin*it!ifiw t<:i4ii»i>(!i»Ki ^jtMOnu-Jiii'i n?jv/.fc>wCfiOi <qiui 'jf-«j oj re inn j *
The houfes in the city are moflly built of brick, and plaiftered over j many of them are very fpacious, and furnifhed very fumptuoully, efpecially on the ground-floor; the bed-chambers, in general, having but little furniture in them. There are five gates to the city, with draw-bridges to each, which are fhut at night. The fuburbs, which furround the town, cover a large piece of ground, but are meanly built.   The Campan China, which is largeft, is on the fouth fide.
The public buildings, in this city, are the cattle, a town-hall, and feveral churches. The cattle is fquare, furrounded by a ditch, and confifts of feveral fquare courts, in one of which is depofited a great number of warlike inftruments, especially of guns and balls.
The town-hall and the great church are handfome edifices. The church is of ail octagon figure, having a dome and lanthorn of the fame form, and has a very fine organ. Ruyter's kirk, belonging to the Lutherans, is fmall, but a very neat building. The Portuguefe church is of an oblong fquare ; and the priefls, belonging to it, preach in the Malay as well as the Portuguefe language.
The ftreetsof Batavia are paved on both fides, are very regular and ftraight, and a canal runs through the middle of moft of them, both fides of which are planted with trees, which have a very agreeable effect; and, as all kinds of goods are conveyed by water, the ftrcets are in good repair. The bazar, or market-place, is large and fquare, interfered by rows of ftalls, and abounds with different fruits and garden herbage, alio with poultry, pork, dried fifh, and a variety of other commodities. Near it is another fquare bazar, for fifh, fhell-fifh, and meat j but the chief market for vegetables is held at a place, called Tannabank, a little diftance from the town, on every Saturday morning, where they may be had very cheap.
This city is the feat of the Dutch governor-general and council of the Indies, and is, with feveral neighbouring fettlements of that nation, immediately under vheir direction; and to them all the other governments, belonging to their Eaft-
lndia
India company, are fubjedt. They meet, for the difpatch of bufinefs, feveral times in a week. There are alio two fabanders, who, amongfl other things, tranfict the bufinefs of foreigners with the council; a mayor of the city ; and a land and water fifchal for criminal affairs.
The Dutch, by their induftry, have done more here than any other power in Europe has done in India ; and, by means of their policy, have rendered it one of the mofl flourifhing cities in this part of the world, where mofl; European, as well as Indian, commodities may be purchafed ; but it is not a good market for Indian goods ; for you meet with but few of them, and thofe few are very dear.   This city is the chief rendezvous of the Dutch trade for the Eaft-Indies, and from this port the fhips for Europe take their departure.   Here is a large houfe, appointed by the company, as a hotel for the accommodation of all European flrangers, where they are obliged to refide, and pay two rix-dollars a day for a maintenance, while ths Dutch may live for twenty-five rix-dollars a month.   There is not, perhaps, any city in the world that contains a greater variety of people.   One would imagine there were affembled, of different human beings, from every nation under heaven, who, for the mofl part, retain their feveral peculiar dreffes, and are allowed to live after the manner of their refpedtive countries.   Of whites, there are Dutch, who aremaflers; but the greater part of the company's fervant?, and of the inhabitants, are Germans, Danes, Swedes, and Hungarians; with a few Englifh, French, and Italians; of thefe the foreign merchants are chiefly compofed ; and mofl of them keep their chariots, and live in great luxury and elegance.   A great number of flaves precede and follow their chariots; and, when the women go abroad, the female flaves fit on the fleps of the chariot.   The men are d re fled exceflively gay, having fllk and velvet garments, richly laced and embroidered, with laced hats, and finely-dreffed wigs.   Their waiflcoats have fleeves; and, when they fit in a houfe, they always take off their coats.   Amongfl the middle clafs of people, a pair of drawers, which have two gold buttons and reach above their breeches, is reckoned a great piece of finery.   The women drefs moflly in chintzes, made generally in the European, though fometimes in the Malay, fafhion : they arefeldom feen walking in the ftreets, ufually riding in carriages.   Both men and women have a iickly complexion, without any colour in their cheeks; butpalenefs, it feems, is reckoned one mark of beauty among the ladies.   Befides chariots, which are open and richly
ornamented,
ornamented, they have fedans, with wooden lattices, carved and gilt, and thort (pokes, which make an aukward appearance to aftranger: and, for their children, ihey have a fort of oblong fquare box, with a lattice at the fides, and a roof fafh-ioncd like the eaves of a houfe ; this has a fpoke at each end, and is carried by two men on their moulders, and the child within fits all along on the bottom of it.
Their manner of living is pretty much the fame in all feafons of the year. They rife as foon as it is light, and drink tea or coffee ; then tr an fa 61 their bufinefs, either within or without doors, till nine o'clock in the morning, at which time it is too hot to be in the open air; and they negotiate bufinefs, or divert themfelves otherwife, withindoors, till about noon, and then dine. After dinner, they fhip themfelves of every thing, except a pair of drawers and a fhort cotton gown, and go to bed. At four or five o'clock in the afternoon they rife again, drink tea, and, if they have no bufinefs to tr an fact, as there are no public places of diverfion, they take an airing in their carriages ; come home, fup, and go to bed again about eleven at night. Thofe born here of European parents, who are not many and arc of a mixed breed, geneially fellow the Malay cuftoms.
The inhabitants are moflly Chinefe, and their number is very great both in town and country. The China town, which is on the fouth fide of the city, is pretty large, hut meanly built, as the better fort of Chinefe live within the city. The greater number of fhopkeepers are Chinefe j they make all the arrack and fugarj nor can any perfon hold an arrack-houfe without having it under the name of fome Chinefe. They alfo cultivate all the variety of garden-fluff with which Batavia is furnifhed ; and of them there are filver-fmiths, pewtererf, carpenters, joiners, mafons, calkers, barbers, hawkers, dealers, and chapmen. There is not any trade, however mean and fcrvile, which they do not follow : and, though the Dutch have laid them under many reflricfions, yet they find means to acquire a comfortable fubfiftence, and often accumulate wealth. The Dutch have impofed a poll-tax on them of a duca-toon, or fix millings and eight pence, a month.
The Chinefe in and about Batavia have a fallow complexion, black eyes, and tolerable good nofes, but they pluck their beards up by the root?, and make, upon the whole, a very effeminate appearance.
They
They form two fects, and keep moflly to their own cufloms. One of them wears all their own hair ; and the other, which is by far the mofl numerous, fhaves all the head except the crown. Thefe different modes arife from a peculiar religious tenet held amongfl them. When a rich man has a child, and thinks he can maintain it, independent of any fervile employment, he furTers the hair on its head to grow, which is wound up, tied upon the crown, and ornamented with a gold bodkin or two, and it mufl never afterwards be fhaven ; thefe are of high rank amongfl them. The other children have their heads lhaven nine months after their birth, and on every ninth day afterwards, till they attain a certam age ; and then they are at liberty either to wear it growing or have it fhaved : the lock of hair, left on the crown of fome of their heads, grows to a great length, reaching down to their pofleriors. Their drefs is excellently adapted to a hot climate, being generally white taffety, or callico; and confifls of a pair of trowfers, over which they wear a frock with wide fleeves, which buttons before : a purfe, wrought with filk, hangs beneath the upper garment j and a pair of Chinefe pampouches completes their drefs. The old men fometimes wear a fort of white boots, that reach up to their knees ; and ihey always carry a fan in their hand?, to made their heads from the fun. Their ufual falutation is, Adda bai ke, bow do you do, fir? and they are very courteous in their addrefs and behaviour, efpecially to Britons, whofe generofity, I fuppofe,they have often experienced. The hawkers, amongft them, who outdo the Jews in low artifice, will afk twenty dollars for a thing, and take one; and have acquired, even among themfelves, the character of great cheats.
Before the rebellion in 1740, the Chinefe were intirely governed by two of their own nation, who were judges in all cafes, and fat in council. At prefent, they have a captain and two lieutenants, one of whom fits every forenoon, with a jury of twelve, in a hall they have for that purpofe, to hear and make up fuits and quarrels, which happen amongfl them, if pofhble, before they go before a Dutch court of judicature; and this the Chinefe mufl do, if they defign to live in harmony with their community. To the faid hall they all repair, the three firfl days of the month, to pay their head-money; at which time there is a Dutch enfign hoifled on a flaff before the gate.
A a The
The Chinefe have four pagoda?, or places of worfhip, in Batavia; but they do not feem to be a religious people, and are very carelefs and inattentive in the time of worfhip. I went into one of their pagodas, where I faw a company of them playing at cards in the principal part of it, that had an alcove, with feveral images in it, and lamps burning before them; fome little boxes full of afhes, on which they burnt paper before their idols; and, on the wall, a number of Chinefe characters; in other parts of the edifice there were lamps, images, and feveral fmall floves. 1 faw a ceremony performed in one of the flreets, on the deceafe of a perfon, which, for
its Angularity, may be worth relating.--Having made a large fire, with flips of
paper, they brought out, one after another, a great number of paper pageants, gilt and coloured, with feveral human figures compofed of the fame materials, and kept feeding the fire with them, till they were all confumed ; then they threw a parcel of cups and bottles into the fire, th it had fomething in them, but I could not learn what, went into the houfe, and the ceremony ended. Their mourning for the deceafed is a white turban.
There is, it feems, but one Chinefe woman in Batavia, and fhe is but feldom feen : It is deemed a crime to bring them from China; fuch of the Chinefe, who defign to continue here, and incline to imrry, take to wife one of the Malay women,
The Malays of both fexes, who are moflly flaves, are very numerous: Every white man keeps a number of them; and they are the only fervants employed within-doors and without. Under this name are comprehended many forts of people, who come from Sumatra, Amboyna, Banda, and Ceram.   Thofe that come from the coafl of Malabar, are diflinguifhed by their flimnefs and complexion, which is jet black.    The Orang Bougees,  or fuch as come from the ifland of Celebes, are remarkable for their fine black hair; and thofe from Timor are pretty black : Thefe, with all others from the eaflern ifles, are, in general, called Malays; and all fpeak the low Malay, though their languages are different in their refpective countries. Molt of them have flattifh nofes, and are, in general, fhort; the women, efpecially, are very fmall.
The
The drefs of the male Malays, who are flaves, is very Ample ; confuting of a pair of fhort drawers, and a long fhirt, or frock, above, made of ftriped or plain cotton, which buttons about the wrifl with fix fmall buttons; and thofe who can afford it have two or three gold buttons at the neck. They are accuftomed to hold one hand on their heads, placed in a particular manner. The free-men are better clad, and affect, in fome refpects, the European drefs and cuftoms, having black fattin breeches, and waiftcoats with fleeves, and carry their hats under their arms; but they wear neither flioes nor ftockings.
The women-flaves wear a long piece of cotton check wrapped about their loins, which ferves inftead of petticoats; and, over that, a very fhort white callico jacket, which buttons at the wrifl, and is clofe before. They have remarkable good hair, which they tie upon the tops of their heads, and flick two or three fliver or gold bodkins into it; this, with a fliver peenang box which hangs to a girdle, and a handkerchief, with fcaree, put over their fhoulders, makes them appear very gaudy. The free-women, who are called Noonga Cabala, wear a long chintz banjan, called a Cabai, which reaches down to their heels; and they have fquare-toed flippers, turned up at the points very high, with which they make fhift to hobble along.
The Malays, and many of the white people, bathe in the river at leafl once in the day, and fometimes twice. The men are much addicted to gaming ; and all of them chew the Penang and Searee, which blackens their teeth ; but they have an expeditious method of cleaning them.with betle : They alfo chew tobacco, car-damums, and gaimbre. They are reckoned to be an indolent revengeful people; and, when they think themfelves injured, they repair to a gaming-houfe, and fmoak opium till they are mad-drunk, and thenfally out, with a creefs in their hand, to feek their enemy ; attempting to kill every perfon that oppofes them; and are often killed themfelves, before they are apprehended : This is called an Amock, and is very common in Batavia. The criminal, if taken alive, is broke upon the wheel.
The Malays are Mahometans, and have feveral mofques about Batavia.
A a 2
There
There is another fet of people called Portuguefe; whom the Malays call Orrang Cerami, or people of Ceram ; but for what reafon I could not learn :
They are very dark-coloured, but you may diflinguifh European features amongft
them.
Other people, of which there are many to be feen at Batavia, are Banjans, or Gentoos; the Malays call them Orrang Cocijo: Their heads are fhaven, and covered with a conical cap ; the other parts of their drefs are a fhort petticoat, or wrapper, about their loins; and, over that, a banjan. The Javanefe, who refide here, are dreffed much in the fame manner, except the cap: they are all free, as the taking them for flaves is prohibited under a very fevere penalty. Here are alfo Armenian?, Perfians, Moguls, people from many parts of India, as well as negroes from Madagafcar, Mofambique, and all the eaftern parts of Africa.
Batavia is plentifully furnifhed with all forts of provifions; but, in this city, as well as in others that are very populous, moft articles bear a high price. Here are fome bullocks, but many more buffaloes, whxh are fold on reafonable terms, and their flefh eats pretty well; alfo Cambeong, or goat-fheep; but they are lean, dry, and indifferent food : Hogs of the Chinefe and European breed; the former are very fat, eat very well, and are cheap; but the Europeans defpife them, and prefer the latter, which are very dear. They have alfo tame fowls in abundance, which are cheap. I have likewife feen wild-fowls. Their ducks are not fo good as ours, and are of another kind. Mufcovy ducks and geefe arc bought reafonable; but turkeys and pigeons are dear. They have a plentiful market of fifh, which is the favourite food of the Malays, but no great variety: Claw-fifh, fhell-filh, and particularly oyfters, though fmall, are pretty good food; but their turtle, of which they have a plenty, is remarkably bad, and is only eaten by the common people. I believe there is not any place can equal Batavia for the variety of provisions, which may be bought at flails, and are hawked about the ftreets, ready cooked, or cooking. They are furnifhed with flour from the Cape, and their bread is very good and cheap; but rice is more generally ufed, which grows in Java, and is very plentiful. Their common drink is arrack punch. The beft arrack is fold for fifteen-pence the ga'lon. By what I could learn, the principal ingredient in itisfugar; with the beft fort they mix Dooae, or palm-fyrup; but whether they ufe rice I cannot tell.
Claret
Claret and Rhenifh are the moft common wines drank at Batavia *. Claret you may buy at eighteen-pence the bottle ; but beer fells at twenty-pence. Sugar is another article which they have in great plenty ; the beft fells for about twop-.nce-fartlfng the pound ; and fugar-candy at threepence-halfpenny. Th y have a great quantity of coffee, which grows at Java: It is a company's trade, but may be bottght, fmuggled, for twopence-halfpenny the pound. They make as good butter as need be eaten; and have a fufficient quantity of it to ferve mofl: of the inhabitants with their coffee and tea: they have alfo fome good butter from the Cape. Of garden-ftufF, they have peafe, French-beans, afparagus, cos-lettuce, parfley, purflain, onions, white radifhes, potatoes, cabbages, fpinage, cucumbers, celery, endive, and thefe all the year long : befides thefe, which are exotics, they have feveral forts of Cajang, or beans, Oobe, or yams, fweet potatoes, pumpkins, mufhrooms, Vuevues, which tafte like mufhrooms when roafled, garlick, and a fort of fmall onions that tafte. like fhallots, Chabe, or red-bird pepper with a variety of other pot-herbs, too tedious to enumerate.
The beft fruits they have at Batavia are the Mangafteen^ which is fo whole-fome, that it may be eaten in a fever: the Ramboutan, about the fize of a large plumb, growing in bunches, and covered with a thick hufk, of a bright red colour, full of foft prickles, which gives it a furzy appearance ; the infide, which is about the fize of a pigeon's egg, is tranfparenr, and yields a very rich juice, which has an agreeable poignancy. Pine-apples, which are alfo very good and plentiful, maybe bought for an halfpenny or a farthing each. The Nanca and Durian are much admired by the natives; but they are very difagreeable to foreigners, as they fmell like onions and garlick, mixed with fugir: the Nanca is rather long, divided into four equal parts within, has a ftone in each, and is as large as a half-peck loaf: they grow on the trunk of a tree ; the outfide of the fruit is of a green colour, and the infide of a yellow : they are covered with a bag, before they are ripe, which pre-ferves them from the vermin. The Durian is confiderably lefs, quite round, and covered with fpiny tubercles. They have bread-fruit, too; but, being full of feed, it is never eaten. Alfo a plenty of mangoes, of feveral forts, which, in my opinion, eat beft when they are green, with pepper and fait. Oranges are very fcarce and very indifferent ; but they have plenty of limes, and fome Namnams too, which eat very well fried. They alfo have a fruit, produced by .a fort of rattan, called Salae* which is
covered
covered over with fmall brown fcales, and taff.es like cheefe, apples, and onions. Guavas, though deemed good of their kind, fmell fo difagreeably, that I could not endure them. Of Jamboo, they have many forts, fome large, fome fmall, fome round, and others long ; white, pink, crimfon, and fcarlet. They have alfo a plenty of cocoa-nuts, of which they generally make their oil. Their other fruits are Pifang, or plantains, Manco, or water-melons, anona fquamofa, cuftard-apples, unona reticulata, grapes, pumplenofes, citrons, and acajou app'es.
All ihe mips, which arc careened and hove-down here, go to a fmall ifland in the bay, called Unrufl:, about feven miles from Batavia ; where there is proper tackle to heave them down, andabafs, or overfeer, to manage all matters. The whole ifland is one dock-yard, inhabited entirely by carpenters, and others, who belong to the fhips that are there.* Near Unrufl: is another ifland, called the Kuypers, or Coopers, which is full of warehoufes, where fhips depoiit their goods while they are heaving-down. About a mile from this, there is another ifland, called Palmi-rante, where there is an hofpital for fick feamen:  and upon this iiland the fliips
* At this place our fhip was examined; and we found that many of her planks, and her keel, were much damaged ;  one part of her not being above one-ei ;hth of an inch thick, which was luckily before one of the timbers, or, in all probability, fhe would have funk long before we reached the bay of Batavia,   While our fhip was repairing at Unrufl, mofl of the crew were at Cooper's-Ifland, where they were taken with a putrid dyfentery ; three of whom, the ileward of the gun-room, one of the feamen, and a boy, died.   The diforder alfo carried off Toobaiah, and the lad Taiyota,■ natives of Otaheite, whom we defigned to have brought to England.    They had been feveral times up to Batavia, and exprcfTed great furprize at the many various objects to which they had been unaccustomed: they were particularly flruck with the fight of carriages drawn by horfes ; and were very inquifitive in refpect of what they faw, that was new to them ;  having, before our arrival at Batavia, made great progrefs in theEnglifh tongue, in which they were greatly affifted by Mr. Green, the aflronomer, who took much pains therein, particularly with Taiyota.    When Taiyota was feized with the fatal diforder, as if certain ofhis approaching diflbhidon, he frequently faid to thofe of us who were his intimates, Tyau mate oee, ** my friends, I am-dying."   He took any medicines that were offered him; but Toobaiah, who was ill at the fame time, and furvived him but a few days, rcfufed every thing of that kind, and gave himfelf up to grief; regretting, in the higheft degree, that he had left his own country; and, when he heard of Taiyota's death, he was quite inconfolable, crying out frequently, Taiyota! Taiyota!   They were both buried in the ifland of Eadam.   During our flay at Batavia, moft of us were fickly; Mr. Monkhoufe, our furgeon, and the aflronomer's fervant, died; and fome others hardly efeaped with life.
companies
companies inter their dead. There are many other iflands in the bay, named Am-fterdam, Rotterdam, and Eadam, where the company have rope-manufac*taries, and fend their felons.
i
The ifland of Java abounds with monkies, cockatoos, parrots, and wild poultry : there are alfo a great many horfes, which are fmall, but very fpirited.
The wefterly monfoon fets in about October or November, and fometimes later; and then the rainy feafon comes on : the eafterly fets in about April or May.
The general language fpoken at Batavia is low Malay; and it is neceffary that every perfon, who defigns to flay long there, fhould learn it. This language is very different from the high and proper Malay, which is fpoken on the continent of India; and may be compared to the Lingua-Franca, being a compound of feveral other languages; viz. of Malay, Portuguefe, and thofe of the eaftern ifles. A fhort vocabulary of each is here annexed as a fpecimen; as alfo vocabularies of the languages of other nations, in the neighbourhood of Batavia, which I collected from natives of the different places, during my flay in that city.
A Vocabulary
A Vocabulary   of the  Malayan   Language,   as  fpoke at BATAVIA, ufually called there the Low Malay.
Alia, or Alia t alia,	God.
Tooang Alia,	The Lord God*,
Soorga,	Heaven,
Nooraka,	Hell,
Saitang, Mamadee, or Booleefs,	The devil.
Orrang Saitang,	A demon, orghojl.
Appee,	Fire.
Aier,	Water.
Detanna, or Negrce,	The earth.
Laot,	The fea.
L an gee,	The fly.
Matt'aree,	The fun.
Boolang,	The moon.
Beentang,	Theflars.
Trang,	Light.
Glap,	Darknefs,
Panafs,	Heat.
\ Deengin,	Cold,
Angin,	The wind.
Waitan,	The Eafl.
Coolon,	The wefl.
Keedol,	The north*
Lorr,	The fouth.
Tarang,	1 he clouds.
Oojang,	Rain.
Greemifs,	A mizling rain.
Amboon,	The dew.
Awang awang,	Afog, or mifl.
Aflup,
TO    THE SO
AiTup,
Kcelap,
Goontoor,
Oontor,
Leendo,
Orang,
Lakee lakee,
Orang tooa,
Parampooan,
Anna paraowan,
Booda, or Anna lakee lakee,
Anna parampooan,
Annae or anna,
Cumbar,
Bappa, or pappa,
Ma,
Cake,
Naimai,
Bappa tcerree,
Mateeree,
Anna lakee,
Anna parampooan,
Soodara lakee,
Soodara parampooan,
Lakee,
Beene,
Cawin,
Orang cawin,
Boodjang,
Peeatoo,
Anna foondal,
Taman,
Manchoree,'
Orang boota,
U T H    SEAS. 185
Smoke.
Lightening.
Thunder.
The rainbow.
An earthquake.
Men, mankind, or people.
A man.
An old man.
A woman, or a young woman.
A virgin.
A boy.
A girl.
A child.
Twins.
A father.
A mother.
A grandfather.
A grandmother.
Aftep-father.
A ftep* mother.
A fon.
A daughter.
A brother.
A fifter.
A bufband.
A wife.
A wedding.
The bridegroom. • %
A widow.
An orphan.
A baflard.
A friend.
A thief.
A blind man.
\ b Orang
i86 A	VOYAGE
Orang Balanda,	A Dutchman.
Orang Engrefe,	An Engli/hman.
Oi ang Cerami,	A Portuguefe.
Orang Codja, or Codjo.	d Moor, Gent oo, Mogul, or Banyan.
Orang China,	A Chinefe.
Orang Maleiyo>	A Malay.
Orang Bugeefs,	A native of the Celebes.
Orang Papooa,	A negroe, or caffre.
Badang,	The whole body.
Capalla,	The head.
A tu fea pal I a,	The crown of the head.
Ramboo,	The hair of the head.
Mooca,	The face.
Taleenga,	The temples.
Matta,	The eyes.
Becdjee matta,.	The eye-halls.
Rambco matta*,	The eye-brows.
Atus matta,	The eye-lids.
Booloo matta,	The eye-lafjes.
Cooping,	The ears.
Edong,	The nofe.
Enga,	The noftrils.
Peepee,	The cheeks.
Leeda*	The mouth.
Beebir, or moloo,	The lips.
Geegee,	The teeth.
Oojoo leeda>	The tongue.
Daga,	The chin.
Yenga, or coomif3»	The beard.
Lehair,	The throat.
Watta lehair,	The neck.
Dada,	The brcafts.
Soofoo,	The nipples.
Purroo, or prott,	The belly.
PooiTara
Pooflar,
Balacang,
Peengang,
Poonda,
Catea,
Tangan,
Seecoo,
Balacang tangan, Pala tangan, Manjaree, Yereeggee,
Taree,
Taree tanga,
Jeregee, or jereejee,
Anna, orjintee,
Pantar,
Fanta,
Pan co,
Lootoo,
Palpalla,
Cakee,
Toocakee,
Sapatoo, Balcakee,
Yereeggee cakee,
Boolo,
Coolit,
Gomoe,
Daging,
Darra,
Oorat,
Toolang,
Soom Icni,
Otae,
The navel.
The back.
The fides.
The fioulders.
The arm-pits.
The whole arm and hand.
The elbow.
The back of the hand. The palm of the hand. The thumb. The f ngers. The forefinger. The middlefinger. The fourth finger. The little finger. The hips. The haunches. The thighs. The knees. The hams. The leg andfoot. The calves of the legs. The joot.
The file of the foot.
The toes.
The hair.
Thefkin.
The fat.
The flefk.
Blood.
A vein.
The bones.
The marrow.
The brains.
B b 2 Oofoofs,
itt A	VOYAGE
Oofoofs,	The fomach.
Atee,	The heart.
Oofo,	The guts.
Toole toole,	The kidneys.
Tullum boonpan,	The bladder.
Soofoo,	The milk.
Aier matta,	Tears.
Bcengata, or beenatang,	A beaft.
Beenatang ootang,	A wild beaft.
Tandoo,	The horns.
Coolit,	The hide, fkin, or leather.
Booloo,	The hair, or wool.
Aicor,	The tail.
Moenje,	An ape, or a monkey.
Coocang,	Lemur tardigradus.   [Vide Linnaeus.]
Gaidja, or gadja,.	An elephant.
Matcha,	A tyger,
Cootching,	A cat.
Tecoofs,	A rat.
Unjing, or anjing*	A dog.
Babee,	A hog.
Coodda,	A horfe.
Onta,	An afs.
Sampee-lakee,	A bull.
Sampee-parampooan,.	A cow.
Carbao,	A buffalo.
Cambeeng,	A goat, or Guinea Jheep.
Cambeeng-Balanda,	An European flee p.
Keedang, or manjae*	A deer, common in Java,
Cantchcell,	A hog-deer, no bigger than a rabbit.
Choree choree,	A bat.
Boorong, or booloo>	A bird.
Moolco booloo,	The beak of a bird.
Saiap,	The wings,
Aicor,
\
TO THE
Aicor,
Booloo boorong, Sarran boorong, Tullor, Ulang,
Cocatooa, or kacatooa, Papagai,
Noree, or looree,
Baiyo,
Aiam,
Aiam lakee lakee, Jengir,
Aiam parampooan,
Aiam balanda, ,
Gangfa,
Baibai,
Maraae,
Boorong darra,
Eacang,
Lomba lombi7
Punyoo,
Koora koora,
Chicao,
Kaico, or tocke.
Codda,
Oolar,
Cullaculla.
Tangcreek,
Keenjang,
Lallar,
Smootallang,
Pootoo>
Oodang,
S O U T H    S E A S. 189
The tail. A feather. A bird's nefl. An egg. An eagle. A cockatoo. A parrot. A lory.
Gracula religiofa, the mine.
Poultry.
A cock.
A cock's comb.
A hen.
A turkey.
A goofi.
A duck.
A peacock.
A pigeon.
Afijh.
A grampus.
A turtle.
A land-turtle, or tortoifi. A lizard.
A lizard which haunts houfts, and has a
particular fort of cry. A toad.
Afnake, or ferpent. A cockroach. A cricket. A butterfly.
A fmall black ant. A loufe.
Lolflers} cray-flfl.\ &c.
Rooma,
JQO A	VOYAGE
Rooma,	A houfe.
Maja boondar,	A round table.
Maja panyang,	A fquare table.
Peefoo, or peefooc,	A knife.
Gor,	A fork.
Saindoo, or fandue.	A fpoon.
Gandang,	A drum.
Panching,	A fijhhook.
Jaring, or taring,	A net, or fein.
Barang,	Cloaths.
Cameeja,	A fhirt.
Sapalloo,	Shoes or flippers.
Bantar,	A pillow.
Macanan,	Victuals.
Macan pagce,	Breakfaf.
Macan teng aree,	Dinner.
Macan mall am,	Supper.
Rotee,	Bread.
NafTee,	Boiled rice.
Curree,	A high-feafoned foup.
Caldoo,	Chicken broth.
Montega,	Butter.
Caidjoo,	Ckeefe.
Garrum,	Salt.
Meenja, or meenyae,	Oil.
Chooca,	Vinegar:
Lada,	Pepper.
Atchar,	Cayan-pepper.
Goola pafeer,	Sugar.
Goola batoo,	Sugar-candy.
Tambaco,	Tobacco.
Meeno, or meenum,	Drink.
Aier meeno,	Water for drinking.
Angor,	Wine.
TO    THE S	OUT H SEAS,
Angor de maira.	Red wine.
Angor pootee,	White wine.
Angor affum,	Rhenijh wine.
Angor dooae,	Palm wine.
Sam moo,	A particular fort of cold liquor.
Aier callappa,	Cocoa-nut milk.
Pagee,	The morning.
MatAree teenge,	The forenoon.
Taingaree,	Neon.
Mataree mceree.	The afternoon.
Mataree toroo,	Sun-fetm
Soree,	The evening.
Tainga mallam,	Midnight.
Calim aree dowloo,	The day before yejlerday.
Calim aree dowloo mallam3	The night before laf.
Calim aree,	Te/lerday.
Eniee aree,	To-day.
Baifoo, or baifue,	To-morrow.
LoolTa,	The day ajter to-morrow.
Seang feang,	In the day.
Baifoo dattang,	Another day. or another time*
Poocoi, or jam,	An hour.
Stainga poocoi,	Half an hour.
Sa jamahat,	A week.
D AY S	of the W E E K.
Aree jamahat,	Friday.
Aree faptoo,	Saturday.
Aree gnahat,	Sunday.
Aree ifneen,	Monday.
Aree falaffa,	Tuefday.
Aree rubo,	Wednefday'*
Aree camefs>	Thurfday.
192 A	V    O    Y    A G
Sa boolan,	A month.
Sa taong,	A year.
Taong baroo,	The new-year.
Mooda,	Toung.
Tooa,	Old.
Lapar,	Hungry.
Ramboo butal,	Lank hair.
Ramboo eekal,	Curled hair.
Ramboo beeneerlng,	Frizzled hair.
De dallam,	Within,
Delawar,	Without.
Kanna,	The right.
Keeree,	The left.
Penda, or pendue,	Short.
Panyang,	Long.
Tepifs,	Thin.
Tabai,	Thick.
Laibar,	Narrow.
Coran laibar,	Broad*
Boondar,	Round.
11 Panyang,	Square.
Canja,	Full.
PufTar,	Big, or large.
Ootang,	In the country wild.
Stainga,	Half,
Cucheelj	A little.
Tooga,	A thing, or piece.
Gooa,	Me.
Loo,	Tou.
Loo poonya,	lou, or yours.
Gooa poonya,	My, or mine.
Deea,	Him.
Deea poonya,	His or hers.
Itooling,	Them.
Eenee,	This.
Eedoo or eetoo,	That.
De feennee,	Here*
De fanna,	There.
Seennee,	This place, or here.
Tarra de feetoor,	That place, or there.
Mana,	Which.
Appa,	What.
Adda,	Yes.
Ambeel,	To fetch.
Anoat,	To take awav.
Panya,	To roaft.
Tootoo,	To cover.
Tarabang,	Tofly.
Badeeree,	To rife.
Nampas,	To puff or blow.
Meeno,	To fuck.
Potong,	To cut.
Sain do,	To fup.
Gegit,	To bite.
BufTeela,	1o fit crofs-legged.
Balek,	To turn.
Tootoo matta,	To wink.
Booang,	To empty.
Sallin,	To fill.
Floit,	To whijlle.
Munyanye,	To fing.
Tatavva,	To laugh.
Manangas,	To cry.
Loopa,	To forget.
Looda gillap,	It is dark.
Oojang attang,	It rains.
Sooda,
J94 A	VOYAGE
Sooda,	It is done.
Tallalo mahal,	It is too much.
Adda bai,	They are good.
Trad a bai,	They are not good.
Adda,	I have.
Troda,	I have not.
Caffee gooa,	Give me.
Marro de feinne,	Come hither.
Pafang leeling,	Light the candle.
Goonte leeling,	Snuff the candle.
Boingoos,	Blow your nofe.
Sapo camre,	Sweep the chamber.
Barapee,	How much t
Barapee faloo rupea,	How many for a rupee ?
Barapee maon,	What is the price of this ?
Adda cowfs footra,	Have you got any filk fockings f
Appa catta,	What Jays he ?
Dee manna,	Where is fuch a one ?
Jallang dee fanne,	Which is the way t
Salama tidor,	Good night*
A Vocabulary
A Vocabulary of the Language fpoken at Anjenga, on the Coaft of Malabar, called at Batavia the high or proper MALAY.
Veiloo,	The fun.
Saoo,	The moon.
Nacaiftrum,	The Jiars.
Vanum,	The fky.
Vaigum,	The clouds.
Menal,	Lightening.
Eeree,	Thunder*
Tanee,	Water.
Maya,	Rain.
Tee,	Fire.
Cairo,	Land.
Manizen,	A man.
Oroopinnoo,	A woman.
Talla,	The head.
Otehe,	The crown of the head.
Talla moodee,	The hair of the head.
Mocom,	The face.
Naitee,	The brow.
Canna,	The eyes.
Cadoo,	The ears.
Moco,	The nofe.
Caowda,	The cheeks.
Waa,	The mouth.
Choondoo,	The lips.
Failoo,	The teeth.
Nacoo,	The tongue.
C c 2 Taree,
*
ig6	A	VOYAGE
Taree,		The chin.
Veeja,		The beard.
Carittoo,		The neck.
Ninyoo,		The breajl.
Mola,		The nipples.
Eagroo,		The belly.
Corelloo,		The navel.
Ooroopoo,		The JJjoulders.
Cai, ♦		The whole arm.
Mootooe,		The elbow.
Eai,		The hand.
Oolung-eai,		The palm of the hand.
Poorang-eai,		The back of the hand.
Veraloo,		The fingers.
Chande,		The hips.
Torra,		The thighs.
Mootoo,		The knees.
Caloo,		The legs and feet.
Raloo-veraloo?		The toes.
Oolung caloo,		The file of the foot.
Nacong,		The nails.
Majaroo,		The hair.
Caluttoo,		Morning:
Ooteha,		Noon.
Eraoo,		Evening.
Erittoo,		Night.
Enalla,		Day.
TtencOj		To eat.
Koree,		To drink:
Nada,		To walk.
Odoo,		To run.
Nokoo,		To fee.
Caloo,		To hear.
Mana,
■
T O	THE SOUTH
Mana,	To /me//.. .
Chulloo,	To /peak.
	NUMERATION.
Onoo,	One*
Randoo,	Two.
Mono,	Three*
Nalieu,	Four,
Unjoo,	Five.
Aroo,	Six.
Yalloo,	Seven.
Yuttoo,	Fight.
Weinbuthoo,	Nine.
Patoo,	Ten.
Patoo nonoo,	Eleven, &c*
Eeroowadoo,	Twenty.
Moopada,	Thirty.
Nailpada,	Forty.
Unpada,	Fifty.
Aroopada,	Sixty.
Irrewothe,	Seventy.
Unbuthoo,	Eighty.
Tonorra,	Ninety.
Norra,	One hundred,
A Voca-
j93 A       V    O    Y    A    G E
A Vocabulary of the Language of the Natives of the Iiland of
Sumatra, in the East-Indies.
Jet,	The fun.
Gii or geuex,	The moon.
Tehee,	The ftars.
Thee,	The fky.
Ho'xn,.	The clouds.
Ha,	Rain.
Gowfhu,	The rainbow,
Hai',	The fea.
Whang,	Wind.
Lang,	People.
Tapo,	A man.
Tfawa,	A woman.
Taow,	The head.
Tamung,	The hair of the head.
Beei'n,	The face.
Bwaclieu,	The eyes.
Vacva'i,	The eye-brows.
Vactoojin,	The eye- lids.
Pee,	The nofe.
Tfooe,	The mouth.
Tfooe toon,	The lips.
Tfooe kee,	The teeth.
Tfooe eta,	The chin.
Tehee,	The tongue.
Amcooe,	The neck.
Semgua,	The breaji.
Deei'n,	The nipples.
Paclo,	The belly.
Patfa,
TO    THE    SOUTH SEA
Patfa,	The navel.
Padja,	The back.
Pakow peeng,	The fides.
Quintaow,	The jhoulders.
Tchoo,	The arms.
Coai,	The arm-pits.
Tche aowtec,	The elbow.
Tchoo poo'a,	The hand.
Tchoo tang feeam,	The palm of the hand.
Tfung taow,	The fingers.
Cajang,	The hips.
Cada tooe,	The thighs.
Cadaow,	The knees.
C'aooto,	The legs.
Catfat,	The ancles.
Ca,	Thejoot.
Cojang taow,	The toes.
Catchu atu.	The file of the foot.
NUMERATION,
Chit.	One.
Nung,	Two.
Sa,	Three.
See,	Four.
Ingo,	Five.
La,	Six.
Chee, .	Seven.
Poe,	Eight.
Ca,	Nine.
Tfap,	Ten.
Tfapet,	Eleven.
Tiapgee,	Twelve.
Ttee tfap,	Twenty.
Tfee et,	Twenty-one*
Tfa tfap, Chippa, Chet cheang, Chct bang, Chet fabang, Chet pawang,
Thirty.
One hundred.
One thoufand.
Ten thoufand.
One hundred thoufand.
A million,
Numeration of the Natives of Ceram, an Ifland in the
E a s t-I ndies,
0 eenta,	One.
O looa,	Two.
O toloo,	Three.
O patoo,	Four.
O leema,	Five.
O loma,	Six.
O pecto,	Seven.
O aloo,	Eight.
0 teeo,	Nine.
O pooloo,	Ten.
A Vocabulary
A Vocabulary of the Language fpoken by the People of the
Iiland of Madagascar.
Delanna,	The earth.
Greemifs,	A mizzling rain.
Cumbar,	Twins.
Loha or dooha,	The head.
Voolaon dooha,	The hair of the head.
Handing,	The face.
Maffoo,	The eyes.
Vooloo maflbo,	The eye-brows.
Soofi,	The ears*
Oroong,	The nofe.
Bava,	The cheeks.
Mooloor,	The mouth.
Neefee,	The teeth.
Leula,	The tongue.
Vaow,	The chin.
Vooflbon,	The neck.
Dada,	The breaft.
Nooroo,	The nipples.
Reeboo,	The belly.
Foit,	The navel.
Voohoo,	The back.
Vooha,	The fides.
Soorooka,	The fhouldersl
Tangan,	The whole arm and hand.
Hailik,	The arm-pits.
Keehow,	The elbows.
D d Voohan
202 A VOYAGE
Voohan tangan,	The back of the hand.
Falla tangan,	The palm of the hand.
Ranjang tangan,	The fingers.
Foonee,	The hips.
Fai,	The thighs.
Lohalka,	The knees.
Randjao,	The legs.
Boobeechee,	The calves of the leg*
Ungoor,	The foot.
Ambanee ungoor,	The file of the foot.
Ranjang ungoor,	The toes.
Match a,	A tiger.
Onta,	A camel.
Onta,	An afs.
Oolar or boolar,	A fnake.
Smootallang,	An ant.
Cumbang fapatoo^	Scarlet hibifcus.
Manga mattang,	Green mangas.
Manga bapang,	Ripe mangas.
Cobong,	A garden.
Bafar,	A market, j
Cointchee,	A key.
Coin tehee fapatod,	Buckles.
Leyang or loyang,	Brafs.
Sootra,	Silk.
Tampalooda,	A fpitting-pot.
Gaingong,	A reed mufical inftrument.
Cajin,	A Malay garment.
Baidjoo»	An upper white fhort jacket.
Torneat,	A cane.
Corro corro,	A Java proe.
Maddat appiam>	Opium.
Ratchang*	Poifon.
Curjeedoo>	A cure.
Or rang buggeefs,	A Macaffar man.
Orrang meenta,	A beggar.
Cabeeeee,	An eunuch.
Orrang geela,	A lunatic.
Bodda,	A fooL
Orrang oodal or oofta,	A liar.
Boodjang,	A batchelor.
Doocoon,	A doctor.
Emai,	A title of refpecl.
Noonya,	Mifrefs.
Noona,	Mfls.
Cawin,	A wedding.
Pacattan,	A language.
Soondal,	A lie.
Carmarran dooloo mallam,	The night before laft.
Baifoo dattang,	The day after to-morrow.
Poocool or jam,	An hour.
DAYS	of the WEE K.
Aree Jamahat,	Friday.
Aree Saptoo,	Saturday.
Aree Gnahat,	Sunday.
Aree Seenen,	Monday.
Aree Salaffa,	Tuefday.
Aree Rubo,	Wednefday.
Aree Camefs,	Thurfday*
Tongbarroo,	The new year.
Mabooe,	Drunk.
Lammoo,	Moon-eyed.
Matapoota, or mataboota,	Blind, or blindnefe.
Toolee,	Deaf.
Gagoo,	Dumb.
Bainco,	Lame.
	Dd z
Tangallangs
2Q4 A	VOYAGE
Tangallang,	Drowned,*
Jahat,	Cruel.
Suflue,	Narrow, or fir ait.
Longar,	Broad or wide.
Crafs,	Loud, fwift, or ftrong.
Maira mooda,	Light-red.
Maira looa,.	Dark-red.
Paffeer,	P leafed or glad.
Talalloo,	A fuperfiuity, as Talalloo bagoos, too fine.
Morra,	Cheap.
Malengkit bagitta>	Adhefive, or gluey.
Paffang,	A pair.
Dooadooa,,	Both.
Laian,	Another.
Seedeecoot,	Few, little.
Sarre,	Every.
Nantee dowloo^	Perhaps.
Dowloo,	Before.
Baroo fang,	Juft now.
Sampee,	Until, or till.
Begeenne, or begeetoo,.	So, like that or this;  in this or that
	manner.
Belair malay,	To fail.
Goffoe peefoo>	To fioarpen a knife.
Panged,	To call, or name.
Teembool,	To grow.
Batcha,	To read.
Potong,	To cut.
Curja or beeking^	To make.
Tarro,	To lay, to fet, to put or place a thing.
Boonte,	To be with child:
Sambayam>	T7 pray.
Bole,	To be able.
Gaigar,
Gaigar,
Peecool, or bawa, Paffang, Yattoo, Tadda tadda, Jangan,
Lalloo de feetoo, Sappatow, Sapeetoo, Appa maon, Soocoo fooca, Maon,
De manna boole dappa, Maon appa tradda ambeel, Curjappa, Cappang belair,
To hurry or hafien* To carry. 1 o light. To tumble. To tack.
Dont, or get along. Get away from thence* Who knows ? Who is there ? What do you want ? Do you chufe f Will you?
Where can I get fuch a thing t Why did they not fetch it t What do you make of it? When do you go to fea 2
NUMERATION.
IfTee or effa,	One.
Rooe,	Two*
Tulloo or tailoo,	Three*
Efax or efar,	Four.
Leman or lime,	Five*
One or aine,	Six.
Heitoo or petoo,	Seven.
Balloo,	Eight*
Seeva,	Nine*
Fooroo or fooloo,	Ten*
Numeration.
2o6 A VOYAGE
Numeration of the Negroes on the River Gambia in Africa,
Killing,	One*
Fool a,	Two.
Saba,	Three*
Nane,	Four*
Looloo,	Five*
Owrou,	Six.
Oronglo,	Seven.
Sae,	Eight.
Conunte,	Nine.
Tang,	Ten.
Tang killing,	Eleven, &c*
Emva,	Twenty.
Emva killing,	Twenty-one, &c*
Emva ning tang,	Thirty.
They
They keep their accounts at Eatavia in ftivers and dollars; forty-eight ftivers make one rix-dollar. The current coin that paffes here is made up of doits, dublekes, fchillings, Surat and Bengal rupees; ducatoons, and half ducatoons, old and new ; Spanilh dollars, German crowns, and ducats. Thefe all pafs for their full value.
s. d.
10 doits, 1 duhleke         ■                ■ o 21
3 dublekes, 1 fchilling                    . o 7*
4 fchillings, 1 Surat rupee * 2 6 10 dublekes, 8 doits, 1 Bengal rupee —     2 3
2 rupees, 8 dublekes, 1 duckatoon —.68
4 rupees, 4 dublekes, 8 doits, 1 ducat —-   11 o
As for the Malays and Chinefe, they count with fawangs, fatalees, foocoos,. rupees, and reals.
8 doits, 1 awang, or fawang.
2 awang, 4 doits, or 2 fawang, 1 arroo, 1 alee, or fatalee*.
5 awang, or 2 fatalee, 4 fawang, 1 arroo, I focoo, or fafacoo*.
3 focoo, 1 rupee ; 4 foocoo, 4 awangs, 1 real*
WEIGHTS.
100 catee, or 1251b. 1 peecol. 27 peecol   ■ 1 coyang.
One of our midfhipmen ran away from us here, and it was fufpecled that he was, the perfon who cut off Orton's ears.
On the 26th of December, we weighed anchor, and failed from the bay cf Batavia i and, on the 5th of Janmry, 1771, we arrived and anchored at Prince's
Iiland,,
2oS A       V    O    V    A    G E
Iiland, on the eafl: fide,'(the water of which was very deep clofe to the fhore) and ftaid there till the 16th. Here we were plentifully fupplied with turtle, and fine fifh of different forts; cocoa-nuts, plantains, mangoes, limes and lemons: alfo with deer about the fize of a calf; and a fort of fmaller deer about as large as a rabbit, which ate much like them: a great quantity of poultry, with which the ifland abounds j young Indian corn, Tagaree, fugar, and fome ducks. Their turtles were very lean, and far inferior to thofe we caught on the coaft of New Holland, which I fuppofed nvght be owing to their having been kept long in crawles. We had alfo very fine water-melons, and bread-fruit, which would have been better had it not been fo young.
This fide of the ifland is pretty high, and covered with wood, excepting plantations of rice, upon wrf.ch we faw feveral houfes. The other fide is plain flat ground, and abounds with plantations of pifang, calappa, and other fruits. The people who are upon it have been there between three and four years, and came from the main land of Java ; and it is mofl likely difpofTciTed the former inhabitants. They are all Mahometans. It was the month of Ramezan when we were there, and in this month they never eat in the day-time. They have a Radja, or king, who, indeed, is but a poor one. They wear a piece of cotton check about their waifls, which reaches to their knees, and another piece over their fhoulders.' Their hair is very mean, and unlike that of the Malays, which is very fine *.
* Here ends S. Parkinfon's journal.
CONTINUATION
CONTINUATION
O F A
J    O    U    R    N A
O F A
VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS,
In his Majefty's Ship The ENDEAVOUR.
PART IV.
POHUyC^lN the 16th of January, we took our departure from this ifland] and, O ^ a ^ew ^ays a^tei"3       diforder with which feveral of our company had fe^«r ^een attac^ec^J anc*       at Batavia an^ Cooper's Ifland, began to rage
kj^^^tj^ among us with great violence, ami, in a few days, carried off Mr. Charles Green, the aftronomer j Mr. Sydney Parkinfon, Mr. David Spoving, clerk to Mr. Banks, and many of the common men. Mr. Green, being early feized with a delirium, unfortunately left fome of his minutes fo loofe and incjrrecl, that it is feared it will be difficult to render them intelligible.
E e On
2 [o
A VOYAGE
On our arrival at the Cape, we were in great diuVcf>, not having more than fix men capable of duty ; but, providentially for us, the Pocock Eaft-Indiaman was there, homeward bound, and captain Riddle generoufly fent his boat to us with a fupply of fruits, and other vegetables, as the wind blew hard, and we could not fend our boat on fhore.
The next day, the Captain, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and feveral others of our principal people, went on fhore; were kindly received by the governor; and met with a different treatment from that at Rio de Janeiro. He gave them a grant to hire a houfe for the fiek, who were all landed the next day ; and, from the wholefomenefs of the climate, and a proper diet, mofl of them foon recovered. We flaid there about a month ; a great part of which time Dr. Solander was very ill. Mr. Banks fpared neither time nor expence in collecting of plants, infecfs, fkins of wild beafts, and other curious animals; and emploved a number of people to aflift him, fome of whom he fent up a long way into the country for p'antc. Lieutenant Gore, with only one attendant, a Have belonging to Mr. Brand, a burgher at the Cape town, made an excurfion, out of curiofity, to the top of the table-hill, where they faw feveral tigers and wolves, and brought fome curioii3 plants, in flower, which he prefented to Mr. Banks, to whom they were very acceptable*
After the fick had recovered, and we had taken in all neceffary fupplies, and had engaged fome Portugueze to fupply the lofs of our failors, we left the Cape, and proceeded on our voyage homeward. Three days after we left the Cape,. Mr. Robert MoHneux, the matter of our fhip, died.
After a paffage of eighteen days,, during which time nothing remarkable happened, we arrived at St. Helena, where we found his majefty's fhip, the Portland, commanded by captain Elliot, with twelve Eaft-Indiamen under her convoy. In going into the road we ran foul of one of the lndiamen ; but, with the afliffance of fome boats, we happily got clear of her, without much damage, except to our upper-works. The Portland being under failing orders, and we under captain El-hot's command> as fenior officer^ we were aflifted> by his people* in procuring;
wood
wood and water; and he furnifhed us with fome European provifions. VW (Uyed there but four days, and then the whole fleet, confiding of fourteen fail, weighed anchor, and fleered homeward.
Twelve days after we left St. Helena, our firft lieutenant, Mr. Zachariah Hick?, died. About a month after we fell in with a fchooner from Rhode-ifland, who was whaling off the weftern iflands. We fent a boat on board for news ; and were informed, to our great joy, that all was peaceable in England when die left it. Through our heavy fading in the night, we loft fight of the fleet j and, in a few days, faw another whaling fchooner, who confirmed the account which we had received from the former, and told us, that two days before they had chafed a large whale into a harbour of St. Mkhael's Ifland, and that, while they were purfuing it, they were fired upon by the Portuguefe, and obliged to retreat, leaving the whale a prize to them, who, doubtlefs, made fure of it. We bought, of the mafter of the fchooner, fome fine fait cod, with fome frefh fifh; alfo fome New-England rum. This veffel, it feemed, had been out twenty-one days, and was in want of beef, and feemed diftreffed.
About fixteen days after we left the fchooner, we got into foundings; and, in a few more days, beat into the Chops of the Channel) and the wind, which had been before at N. E. coming about to the S.W. we proceeded directly to the Downs, where we arrived on the 12th of July, j771, after having been abfent from England within a few days of three years. We immediately fent our fick on fhore ; and, after flaying three days, received orders to proceed round to Woolwich, where we anchored on the 20th of the fame month.
It may not be amifs to inform the curious in natural fubjedts, that Mr. B.mks and Dr. Solander have difcovered, in the courfe of this adventure, many thoufand fpecies of plants heretofore unknown : among the reft, one that produceth a kind of white filk flax, which, as it grows under the fame parallel of latitude with England, it is prefumed, will alfo thrive here, if properly cultivated. They have alfo brought over with them a cpaantity of feed, which, if it fucceeds on this iiland, may, in all probability, be of much national advantage to Great-Britain.
E e 2 They
212 A       VOYAGE, &c,
They have alfo defcribed a great variety of birds and hearts, heretofore unknown*, or but indifferently treated of; and above three hundred new fpecies of fifh, and have brought home with them many of the feveral kinds; with about one hundred fpecies of new fhells; and a great number of curious infects, fome of them of a new genus; and corals; alfo of other marine animals, particularly of the Molufca tribe.
Copious defcriptions of all thefe curiofities, with elegant engravings annexed, are now preparing to be publifhed to the world by the above-mentioned gentlemen.
THE  EN D.
ERRATA.
Page 2, after line 16, infert, A large eel was caught by one of our people, which tvas of a purple KXftittg
colour, clcudea with irregular foots cf a darker colour, and was alfo full cf fmall ivhite mU* Page 4, line 17, lov ifiand, read., place.
-5,--20, dele, when the air was not fo dry.
--7,--10, deJe, to the rejl.
---25, after forehead, infert, and is tied behind with the tendons of fome animal.
--' 29, for, JVe faw alfo an ornament made cf /hells, read, JVe faw one of thefe ornaments.
- 8,--4, for, the, read, theje.
<-1- 12, for, hill, read, hills.
——--28, fov, it, read, thefre.
--j6,--22, after, figure, infert, Notwithstanding thef; flics are fo great an inconvenience, the natives, from a religious notion, will net kilt any of iheni.
- 17,--10, aftei, pajle, in Hit, or pudding.
---ii, for, Makey, read, Mahey.
Ibid.. Ibid, for, and a fubjlance called Meya, read, and Meya, a fpecies of wild plantairr.
Page 20, line 6, for, Tobiah, read, Toobaiah.
--31, dele, but.
-■- 33, for, ate, read, eat.
-21,--2, after, if and, infert, which the Otaheiteans hold facrcds as well as the files, and therefore will not kill any of them.
•-        2 2,--24, for, was, read, they called.
---2?, f(,r, VIIL read, VII.
—— 23,--23, for, joined at the bottom, read, the legs joined at the bottom, crofs wavs.
--• 24,--7, for, purawei, read, parawei.* [ * An inner garment or fliirt.]
---I5, for, fig. 13, read, fig. 27.
——- 25, for, or bunchis of hair curioufiy plaited.   They alfo wear teepootas, read, TJjcy alfo ivear
tamoous, or bunches cf human hair curioufiy plaited.
•--30, for, taowree, read, taowdee.
----31, for, whaiw, read, zvaow.
- 25,--2, for, the men, read, the two men.
•-        26,--5, dele, 2.
.---7i after, ears, infert, [ibid. fig. 1 and 2.]
- 35,--13, for, to a valley, read, up the great valley that leads.
—————— 14, after, Orowhaina, infert, a high peaked hill, fo called.
-       38,--8, after, monoe, inf.rt, or cocoa-cii.
■ ......40,--15, for fmall blue parrot, read, blue parroquet.
-41,--24, for, £ neearohettec, read, E neearcheettee.
■-        42,--3, for, tatoi.n, read, Ethooa, or god.
■-- —. 43,--6, after, Vene'e, infert, or blue parroquet.
--44,--1, for, Etoa cafiuarina, Equifetifolia.      read, Etoa. Cafaarim-tquifetiflicu
- 57, for, 75, the number of the page, read, 57.
.-63, after, Potche, Firjlly, infert, Ea, Yes ; Aowra, No.
-. 77, line 11, after, ditto, infert, about three inches in length.
-87,--28, for, truncheon, read, bludgeon. [See pi. XXVI. fig. 18.]
,---30, after, XV. infert, and XIX.
.-93,--26,, after, paddles, inferr, by the like number of men, ivho look the fame ivay tbey row, ■
Jinking their paddles into the water, with the points downvjard, at the fame time binding tbeir bodies forward, and as it were driving the waves behind them.
—- 102,--5, de!?, which.
»       114, at the bottom infert the following notes.   Baracootas, a fjh remarkably finooth, about fevin or eight feet long. E>y'.^-gurnards, a flying-fift) cfi a remarkably fine gold colour. D um-fijh, fio called from the noife they make. Climera,. a fijh cf a filver colour.
.--        115,--9, after, wattles, infert, a bird ahout the fize of a blackbird, remarkable for its fine fing-
ing, with two beautiful white curled feathers (by fome culled JVattles) under tli tin oat. --124,--19, for, month, read, months,
Pa-e
ERRATA.
Page 129, line 21, after, which, infert, fomewhat.
-132,--8, after, much, add a femicolon.
■-—- 9, dele the femicolon.
•-' 144,--21, for, Meyia, read, Meiya.
---24, for, the befl, read, their bejl.
■-.--27, for, peno—, read, parro—.
---29, for, cocatoes, read, cocatoos.
—— 150, ■— 17, for, Haliotes, read, Haliotis.
--. 152,--27, for, Qadugoo, read, Gaduggoo.
- 155,--8, after, that, infert, the.
-- 158,--20, for, there, read, they.
- 178,--25, for, Bougees, read, Bugeefs.
180, —■ 2 and 6, for, Orrang, read, Orang.
Directions to the Binder for placing the Cuts.
Plate of Svdnev Parkinson to face the title. Plate I. to face page    7 Plate XV. to face page 88
II. -,-,   8                      XVI.-- no
nr. —.-        I4 •            xvii.--, 9z
IV.--. 16                  XVIJI.---, 93
V.--23                    XIX. -.- 98
VI.--24                     XX.-- 99
VII.--                   25                     XXI.-- J09
VIII.--26                   XXII.-- 1,3
IX.--66                  XXlIh--- Xl6
X.---70                 XXIV.--- ! \7
XL---71                    XXV.--- 124
XII.--74                   XXVJ.--- ,28
Xllf.---■ 75    '             XXVII.--- 134
XIV.--86