DE GRUYTER OPEN HACQUETIA 13/2 • 2014, 235-258 DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2014-0016 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITIES WITH ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS IN THE FOOTHILLS OF THE JULIAN ALPS (WESTERN SLOVENIA) Igor DAKSKOBLERi'*, Andrej MARTINČIČ2 & Daniel rojšek^ Abstract We conducted a phytosociological study of the communities hosting the rare and endangered fern Adiantum capillus-veneris in the foothills of the Julian alps, in karst and in Istria. based on a comparison with similar communities elsewhere in the southern alps (northern Italy) we classified most of the recorded stands into the syntaxa Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum and -cratoneuretosum commutati. Releves from the southern Julian Alps, located in comparatively slightly colder and moister local climate and the dolomite bedrock are classified into the new subassociation -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Stands with the abundant occurrence of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, are classified in to the new subassociation -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova. Stands in conglomerate rock shelters along the Soča at Solkan are classified into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum ass. nova, a community of transitional character between the classes Adiantetea capilli-veneris and Asplenietea trichomanis. Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, bryophytes, Adiantetea, Eucladio-Adiantetum, Natura 2000, Julian Alps, Soča Valley, Istria. Izvleček Fitocenološko smo raziskali združbe, v katerih v prigorju Julijskih Alp, na Krasu in v Istri uspeva redka in ogrožena praprot Adiantum capillus-veneris. Na podlagi primerjav s podobnimi združbami drugod v južnih Alpah (severna Italija) smo večino popisanih sestojev uvrstili v sintaksona Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum in -cratoneuretosum commutati. Popise iz južnih Julijskih Alp, ki smo jih naredili v nekoliko hladnejšem in bolj vlažnem krajevnem podnebju in na dolomitni podlagi uvrščamo v novo subasociacijo -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Sestoje, kjer je obilno uspeval jetrenjak Conocephalum conicum, smo uvrstili v novo subasociacijo -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova. Sestoje v konglomeratnih spodmolih ob Soči pri Solkanu uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum ass. nova, saj kažejo na stik združb dveh razredov Adiantetea capilli-veneris in Asplenietea trichomanis. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, mahovi, Adiantetea, Eucladio-Adiantetum, Natura 2000, Julijske Alpe, Posočje, Istra. 1. INTRODUCTION shelters and overhangs (half-caves) that are usu- ally wet with spray water and where tufa is fre-Adiantum capillus-veneris is a paleotemperate, sub- quently formed. It requires sufficient moisture tropical and Mediterranean fern, a character spe- and warmth. It is a protected species in Slovenia cies of the alliance Adiantion (Aeschimann et al. and classified as vulnerable in the Red List (Anon. 2004: 66). Its sites are moist rock crevices, rock 2002, Skoberne 2007). Its sites, petrifying springs 1 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, and Biotechnical Faculty of the University in Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, SI-1000 Ljubljana; E-mail: igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si 2 Zaloška 78 a, SI-1000 Ljubljana; E-mail: andrej.martincic@siol.net 3 The Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, Regional Unit Nova Gorica, Delpinova 16, SI-5000 Nova Gorica; E-mail: dar@zrsvn.si 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 1: Distribution of Adiantum capillus-veneris in Slovenia Slika 1: Razširjenost vrste Adiantum capillus-veneris v Sloveniji with tufa formation (tufa-forming spring-heads), are of Community interest - Natura 2000 habitat type code 7220 and Physis code 54.12 - Leskovar & Jogan (2004: 410), Poldini (2009: 686). A review of its localities known in slovenia was published by T. Wraber (1986) and T. Wraber & Skoberne (1989: 42-43), and its distribution map by Jogan et al. (2001: 20). New localities of this rare fern were reported by Rojšek (1994, 2014), Žigon (1998), Dakskobler (2003), Glasnovic (2009), Lužnik (2009) and Kocjan (2014) - Figure 1. Most of its known localities are situated in Istria; the only localities in Karst are in the Škocjan Caves (Schmidl Hall) and at Vojščica, others are in the Soča Valley, along the soča and its tributaries between Ročinj and solkan (there also in the sopet gorge near Plave - 9947/4, new find of Katja Kogej and D. Rojšek, 26. 1. 2014, see also Rojšek 2014), two also in its Alpine region (Grahovo ob Bači - Mikuletič 1970 and the Mrzlica gorge under the village Krn -Rojšek 2003, published on the website http://dar. zrsvn.si//, 2014). The only inland locality in Slovenia was identified near Pirniče, where this species Kartografija: Iztok Sajko, BIJH ZRC SAZU had been growing in a rock shelter by a spring of a hot well. Population on this locality was destroyed in 1956 and the last to have picked this fern here was T. Wraber in 1953 (T. Wraber 1986: 262). Although we have relatively good knowledge of the localities and ecology of some of its sites (Martinčič 1973: 124-125) and habitat types (Kaligarič & Otopal 2007: 33), we have not yet conducted phytosociological research nor have we published our releves. One of the authors, Andrej Martinčič, gave a phytosociological description of the site of Adiantum capillus-veneris in the Schmidl Hall on 27 August 1980. Somewhat similar communities that are also classified into the alliance Adiantion had been studied in the Škocjan Caves even earlier, by Morton in 1935 and Tomažič in 1946. Even in our vicinity (Croatia, northern Italy) there are very few published releves. These were contributed for Croatia by Horvatic (1934: 198-200: one published releve of the association Eucladio-Adiantetum; 1939: 11: phytosociological table of the association Eucladio-Phyllititetum with six releves; 1962: 11-12: list of diagnostic species of both associations); these communities are studied also by Lovric and Rac, but we have no knowledge of their publications other than general conspectuses that are available online, without tabular data. In northern Italy, a table of the association Eucladio-Adiantetum with five releves was published by Sutter (1969: 361) and this phytosociological material is the most comparable to our conditions. Also from the Alpine region of northern Italy is the material published by Giacomini (1951), but his phytosociological tables comprise only moss species, with vascular plants mentioned only in the accompanying text. Poldini (1989: 55, 2009: 665) mentioned the association Eucladio-Adiantetum, but did not publish a corresponding phytosociological table. Giovag-noli & Tassinazzo (2012) published a description of the new association Hymenostylio-Pinguiculetum poldinii in the Venetian Prealps. Sporadically, Adi-antum capillus-veneris also occurs within its stands and these two authors classify the new association into the alliance Adiantion. As a whole, its floristic composition differs considerably from that of our communities. A number of authors have discussed the problem of synsystematic classification of communities with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris in the south-Alpine, north-Adriatic and (or) Mediterranean region: Horvatic (1934, 1939), Horvat et al. (1974: 144-146), Zechmeister (1993), Zechmeister & Mucina (1994) and others, but it was addressed in most detail by Deil (1996, 1998). Deil also published a synthetic table with 105 columns, in which he included the communities from the class Adiantetea in the Mediterranean. From the regions in our vicinity he included the releves published by Horvatic, Sutter and Giacomini; he mentioned also Lovric's research from the east-Adriatic coastal region, but did not have access to the releves from this area. Although Zechmeister (1993) and Zechmeister & Mucina (1994) classified the alliance Adiantion Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 into the order Montio-Cardaminetalia and class Montio-Car-daminetea, most phytosociologists, including the authors of this paper, classify this alliance into the independent order Adiantetalia capilli-veneris Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 and into the class Adiantetea Br.-Bl. 1948 (Deil 1996, Poldini 2009: 665, Šilc & Čarni 2012: 132). Our intention was to use releves to determine the communities in which this rare fern occurs in Slovenia and to classify them, based on analyses and comparisons, within the syntaxonomic system. The centre of our field research was in the Soča Valley. Among many localities in Istria we selected only a few for which we conducted a phytosociological inventory; in addition, we included two releves from Škocjan Caves in the analytic table. 2. METHODS Vegetation on the localities of Adiantum capillus-veneris was researched applying the standard Central-European method (Braun-Blanquet 1964). A total of 39 releves were made. On most of the plots we collected mosses and liverworts, which one of the authors, Andrej Martinčič, determined in the laboratory. All releves were entered into the FloVegSi database (Seliškar et al. 2003). Combined cover-abundance values were transformed into numerical values 1-9 (van der Maarel 1979). Programme packages SYN-TAX (Podani 2001) and R (R Core Team 2013) were used in numerical comparisons. The releves were mutually compared by means of hierarchical classification. We applied the (unweighted) pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), minimum increase of sum of squares (MISSQ) and the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Wishart's similarity ratio was applied as a measure of dissimilarity. These comparisons formed the basis for the analytical table (Table 1). In the determination of lower syntaxonomic units of the association Eucladio-Adiantetum we consulted the synthetic table published by Deil (1996). Comparison of site conditions in nine communities with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris in the Alps was conducted using Ellenberg's (Ellenberg et al. 1991) and Landolt's (Landolt et al. 2010) indicator values. In these communities we determined average conditions in terms of temperature (T), continen-tality (K), light conditions (L), moisture (F), soil reaction (R), nutrients (N), humus content (H) and aeration (A). The fourth roots of species coverage in percentage were used in our calculations. The nomenclature source for the names of vascular plants is the Mala flora Slovenije (Martinčič & al. 2007). Schumacker & Vana (2005) are the nomenclature source for the names of liverworts and Hill et al. (2006) for the names of mosses. The nomenclature sources for the names of syntaxa are Theurillat (2004) and Šilc & Čarni (2012). Data on geological bedrock were found in Buser (1986, 1987, 2009) and climatic data in Zupančič (1995) and Mekinda-Majaron (1995). 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 CONSPECTUS OF DETERMINED AND DESCRIBED sYNTAXA Adiantetea capilli-veneris Br.-Bl. 1948 Adiantetalia capilli-veneris Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 Adiantion capilli-veneris Br.-Bl. ex Horvatic 1934 Eucladio-Adiantetum Br.-Bl. 1931 -eucladietosum Br.-Bl. 1931 -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova -cratoneuretosum commutati (Pritivera & Lo Guidice) Deil 1996 -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli--veneris ass. nova -trichostomotosum crispulae subass. nova -cinclidotosum riparii subass. nova Adianto-Molinietum arundinaceae ass. prov. Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. in Meier & Br.-Bl. 1934) Oberd. 1977 Potentilletalia caulescentis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Mucina in Mucina et al. 2011 Phyteumato-Paederotetum luteae ass. prov. 3.2 Description of communities WITH DOMINANT adiantum cApILLus-vENERIs in WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN SlOVENIA period 1961-1990). Mean annual precipitation in the Central Soča Valley is slightly lower at 1500 mm to 2000 mm (data for the stations Solkan, 88 m a.s.l., and Plave, 100 m a.s.l., for the same period). The precipitation level is even lower in Istria, where it reaches on average 1250 mm (data for the station Kubed, 262 m a.s.l., in the same period). The difference in the mean annual temperature across the sample plots is also considerable. The Krn station records a mean annual temperature of 7.6 °C (period 1961-1990); comparable data for the Central Soča Valley are from the Vedrijan station (258 m a.s.l.) - 12.5 °C, and Kubed for Istria with 11.5 °C (all in the same period). 3.2.2 Floristic composition of researched stands In addition to Adiantum capillus-veneris, vascular plants with slightly higher frequency on the sample plots (more than 20%) include Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea, Hedera helix, Clematis vitalba, Calamagrostis varia, Brachypodium syl-vaticum and Asplenium trichomanes. Along with the dominant Eucladium verticillatum, Hymeno-stylium recurvirostrum, Palustriella commutata and Conocephalum conicum the more frequent moss species (with constancy exceeding 20%) include also Pellia endiviifolia, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Oxyr-rhynchium schleicheri and Plagiomnium rostratum. Both vascular plants and mosses comprise many species that were recorded only in a few releves, but some of them still have a diagnostic value. 3.2.1 Ecological conditions on researched plots A total of 39 releves were arranged into Table 1. The releves were made at the elevation of 57 m to 500 m; geological bedrock is composed of tufa (most frequently), conglomerate, dolomite and very rarely also of breccia, limestone, flysch and sandstone. General climatic conditions differ considerably across sample plots, although these macroclimatic data of precipitation and temperature are of very restricted value concerning the ecology of the cliffs and half cave habitats. Mean annual precipitation in the south-Alpine valleys of Mrzlica (Mrzli potok) and Bača is between 2000 mm and 2700 mm (data for the stations Grahovo ob Bači, 270 m a.s.l., and Krn, 910 m a.s.l., in the 3.2.3 Classification of releves and description of the ascertained syntaxa In terms of floristic similarity, the releves formed several groups (Figures 2 and 3). Our classification of communities with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris into the syntaxonomic system mainly follows the scheme published by Deil (1996: 42). Releves No. 1 to 6 are classified into the subassociation Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladieto-sum (typical form of this association), where we differentiate both the typical variant (var. typica) and the variant with the taxon Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea (releves 5 and 6 in Table 1) that indicates the contact (syndynamic connection) with spring grasslands with the dominant tall moor grass. Releve No. 7 is a special form of 0.9 - 0.85^ 0.8 ^ 0.75^ 0.7 ^ 0.65^ 0.6 ^ 0.55 0.5 0.45- w 0.4 -0.35: 0.3 ^ 0.25^ 0.2 ^ 0.15^ 0.1 ^ 0.05 0.0 ° ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ Je IS IS IS IS_____ CLCLCLCLCLCLCLCLCL < ČL Figure 2: Dendrogram of releves with Adiantum capillus-veneris in western and south-western Slovenia (UPGMA, similarity ratio). Slika 2: Dendrogram popisov z vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji (UPGMA, similarity ratio). X < 0.45- 12 ■ 0.4 i 0.35 8 0.3 13 9 ■ ■ 0.25 ■ 0.2 10 ■ 11 ■ 0.15 7" 0.1 0.05 i 0.0 -0.05 -0.1 17 -0.15 ■ -0.2 18«, -0.25 -0.3 28 27 6 ■ ■ 4B I I -0.3 15 ^f 24 2,2 2^ 21 19" ■ T"T 25 1 3 26 31,29 32' 30 35 ■ ■ 36 ■ 33« 34 ■ 38 39 ■ 37- -0.2 I I I I I I I I -0.1 0 Axis 1 EvAty Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum EvAmo Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum var. Molinia arundinacea AMa Adianto-Molinietum arundinaceae nom. prov EvAhy Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recur-virostri EvApc Eucladio-Adiantetum cratoneuretosum commu-tati EvAcc Eucladio-Adiantetum conocephaletosum conici PcAtc Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris trichostomotosum crispulae PcAcr Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-vene- ris cinclidotosum riparii EvA Eucladio-Adiantetum s. lat. PcPl Phyteumato-Paederotetum luteae nom. prov. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Figure 3: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of releves with Adiantum capillus-veneris in western and southwestern Slovenia (PCoA, similarity ratio). Numbers correspond with successive numbers in Table 1. Slika 3: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram popisov z vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji (PCoA, similarity ratio). Številke se ujemajo z zaporedno številko popisov v tabeli 1. such spring grassland and is temporarily considered as the syntaxon Adianto-Molinietum arundi-naceae nom. prov. that is still classified into the alliance Adiantion. Releves No. 8 to 14 are classified into the new subassociation Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylie-tosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Its nomenclature type is releve No. 10 in Table 1, holotypus hoc loco. The differential species of the subassociation is Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, mainly because of its abundance (it is dominant in the moss layer; Eucladium verticillatum occurs individually and with very small coverage); vascular plants with some diagnostic value are also Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria, Tofieldia calyculata and Petasites paradoxus. Except for one stand, the stands of this subassociation were recorded in the Alpine valleys of Bača and Mrzlica (Mrzli potok), at the elevations between 360 m and 500 m. Hymenosty-lium recurvirostrum is a boreal-temperate taxon that is distributed in Central Europe mainly in the Alps (Frahm & Frey 1992: 286). Its main distribution area is in the upper montane and subalpine belt (Düll 1991: 195), but all known localities in Slovenia, with the exception of three, are situated at the elevation of under 1000 m. Although Landolt et al. (2010) mark the taxon with x as regards temperature conditions (wide range of occurrence, poor indicator), its ecological requirements for warmth are slightly different from the generally more thermophilous taxon Eucladium verticillatum, which is a Mediterranean-submed-iterranean-Atlantic species. In Central-European macroclimatic conditions, the latter is associated mainly with the colline belt. Both moss species occur on very similar sites and are frequently found together. stands of the subassociation Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurviro-stri mainly occur in comparatively slightly colder and moister local climate than the stands of the typical subassociation and the dolomite bedrock probably plays a significant role. Releves No. 15 to 24 are classified into the subassociation Eucladio-Adiantetum cratoneureto-sum commutati (Pritivera & Lo Guidice 1986) Deil 1996. Its stands most frequently overgrow tufa-forming waterfalls. The differential species include a moss Palustriella commutata (= Cratoneuron commutatum) and Brachypodium sylvaticum and Galeobdolon flavidum among the vascular plants. We differentiate the variant with Conocephalum conicum which connects the stands of this subas-sociation with the stands of floristically similar new subassociation Eucladio-Adiantetum conoce-phaletosum conici subass. nova hoc loco. (releves No. 25 to 28). Its nomenclature type is releve No. 26 in Table 1, holotypus hoc loco. Stands of this subassociation differ from others mainly with the abundant occurrence of the liverwort Conocepha-lum conicum, which is the dominant species in the moss layer, while Eucladium verticillatum, Palustri-ella commutata and Hymenostylium recurvirostrum are absent or less abundant. Their sites are slightly drier in comparison to sites of other subasso-ciations, parent material is often conglomerate. Releves No. 29 to 37 are classified into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris. Its nomenclature type is releve No. 30 in Table 1, holotypus hoc loco. Characteristically, the stands of the new association occur in conglomerate cliffs immediately above the River Soča and are periodically flooded. Their moss layer is no longer so dominant and the typical species from the alliance Adiantion are relatively poorly represented. In terms of species composition, these stands represent a transition towards the communities of the class Asplenietea trichoma-nis. Diagnostic taxa of the new association are As-plenium trichomanes, Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae, Paederota lutea and Leontodon hispidus subsp. brumatii. We differentiate two subassocia-tions, -trichostomotosum crispulae subass. nova hoc loco, the nomenclature type is releve No. 30 in Table 1, holotypus hoc loco, the differential species are Trichostomum crispulum and Didymodon fallax on slightly drier sites, and -cinclidotosum riparii subass. nova hoc loco in more frequently flooded rock shelters - its nomenclature type is releve 33 in Table 1, holotypus hoc loco. The differential species are Cinclidotus riparius, Cinclidotusfontin-aloides, Lunularia cruciata, Hygrohypnum luridum and Phyllitis scolopendrium. Lunularia cruciata is a Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Atlantic element that is synanthropically distributed outside its natural distribution area. In Slovenia, it was found by F. Dolšak in 1920 and 1938 "in hortis ur-bis Ljubljana". The next time it was found in Slovenia was not before 2010, when it was spotted in the rockery in the Botanical Garden in Ljubljana (leg. Janja Makše). The new locality on the bank of the Soča at Solkan, in the Submediterranean phytogeographical region (leg. I. Dakskobler & D. Rojšek), allows for the assumption that it is an autochthonous locality, especially in view of the fact that Dierßen (2001) classifies it as an element of the alliance Adiantion. Releve No. 38 character- ises what is probably a secondary occurrence of Adiantum capillus-veneris on the floor in Schmidl's Hall in the Škocjan Caves, along the wall on the right, in the belt of ferns and mosses. The releve indicates a certain similarity with the stands of the association Eucladietum verticillati Allorge ex Braun 1968, but is temporarily still treated in the framework of the association Eucladio-Adiantetum s. lat. Releve No. 39 belongs to the class Asple-nietea trichomanis, order Potentilletalia caulescentis and to the alliance Phyteumato-Saxifragion petrae-ae (Šilc & čarni 2012) or suballiance Physoplexido-Potentillenion caulescentis (Theurillat 2004). It is temporarily considered as the syntaxon Phyteu-mato-Paederotetum luteae nom. pro v. 3.2.4 Comparison of communities with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris in the southern and southeastern Alps In a synthetic comparison we considered, in addition to the listed communities, also the releves from the southern Alps (Giacomini 1951, Sutter 1969). We created a synthetic table with nine columns (Table 2). Sutter's releves have some similarities with stands of the subassociation Eucla-dio-Adinetetum hymenostylietosum in the southern Julian Alps, except that in our study area Hyme-nostylium recurvirostrum is the dominant species in the moss layer, whereas in the releves from northern Italy the moss layer is still dominated by Eucladium verticillatum. Its stands can therefore still be treated as a special variant with Potentilla caulescens within the typical subassociation -eu-cladietosum. Giacomini's releves (Giacomini 1951) can also be classified into this subassociation. 0.3 -0.25^ 0.2 ^ 0.15T 0.1 H 0.05 0.0 ^ -0.05^ -0.1 T -0.15 -0.2 -0.25 -0.3 -0.35 PcAcr PcAtc EvAS EvAty EvAG EvAsNI EvAcc EvApc ■ ■ ■ EvAhy -■-r-r -0.4 I I I -0.3 -0.2 I I I I I -0.1 Axis 1 T-r-r 0.1 ■T-T-r- 0.2 Its subassociation -southbyetosum stillicidiorum, whose differential species include Schoenus nig-ricans, stands out in terms of floristics and ecology. Even when our comparison included other author's releves from the southern Alps it demonstrated a distinct difference between the stands of the association Eucladio-Adiantetum and Phy-teumato columnae-Adiantetum (Figures 4 and 5). 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 ■;5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 ° 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.0 CO < Q- 0.3 Figure 4: Dendrogram of communities with Adiantum capil-lus-veneris in the southern and southeastern Alps (UPGMA, similarity ratio). Slika 4: Dendrogram popisov z vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v južnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah (UPGMA, similarity ratio). EvAty Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum - Slovenia EvAG Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum - N Italy, Gicomini (1951) EvAsNI Eucladio-Adiantxetum southbyetosum stillicidiorum - N Italy, Gicomini (1951) EvAS Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum var. Potentilla caulescens - N Italy, Sutter (1969) EvAhy Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvi-rostri EvApc Eucladio-Adiantetum cratoneuretosum commutati EvAcc Eucladio-Adiantetum conocephaletosum conici PcAtc Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris trichostomotosum crispulae PcAcr Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris cinclidotosum riparii Figure 5: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of communities with Adiantum capillus-veneris in the southern and southeastern Alps (PCoA, similarity ratio). Slika 5: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram združb z vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v južnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah (PCoA, similarity ratio). Figure 6: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of communities with Adiantum capillus-veneris in the southern and southeastern Alps (PCoA, similarity ratio). Arrows represent Landolt's and Ellenberg's characteristic indicator values for moisture (F), soil reaction (R) and nutrients (N). The numbers correspond with the numbers of syntaxa in Table 2. Slika 6: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram združb z vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v južnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah (PCoA, similarity ratio). Puščice označujejo Landoltove in Ellenbergove značilne indikacijske vrednosti za vlažnost (F), reakcijo tal (R) in hranila v tleh (N). Številke ustrezajo številkam sintaksonov v tabeli 2. Calculations of phytoindication gave similar results (Table 3 and Figure 6). Differences occur primarily in indicator values for soil moisture (F), soil reaction (R) and soil nutrients (N). Ellenberg's phytoindicator values indicate the moistest sites of the phytocoenoses of the association Eu-cladio-Adiantetum from northern Italy. According to Landolt's indicator values these phytocoenoses also indicate the least acidic or the most alkaline soil reaction. stands of the association Eucladio-Adiantetum from slovenia occur on nutrient poor sites. Compared to other communities, the sites of the stands from the association Phyteumato-Adiant-etum do not stand out with any ecological factor. On the whole, their species composition indicates warm, sub-oceanic, half-shady, medium moist sites with nutrient-poor, neutral to alkaline soil. 4. conclusions Phytosociological research of the sites of the rare and endangered species Adiantum capillus-veneris in western and southwestern Slovenia determined that the moss layer plays the key role in the syn-systematic classification and ecological differen- tiation of its communities. these communities most often develop on the tufa and the moss layer is dominated by Eucladium verticillatum. Such stands are classified into the association Eucladio-Adiantetum, which is the central association of the alliance Adiantion. the moss layer in some of the releves, especially those made on the highest-lying and the most Alpine sites of Adiantum capillus-ven-eris in Slovenia, above the Bača Valley at Grahovo and in the riverbeds of the Mrzlica under the village Krn (mainly on dolomite bedrock), is dominated by Hymenostylium recurvirostrum. This moss has similar ecological requirements as Eucladium verticillatum, but occurs also in the montane and subalpine belt, on locations with a relatively cold climate. In our case, the subassociation Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvirostri (with the exception of one releve) in fact denominates sites of Adiantum capillus-veneris in the Alpine phyto-geographical region and on predominantly dolomite bedrock, which are very rare in Slovenia. If the moss layer of the association Eucladio-Adi-antetum is dominated by Palustriella commutata (= Cratoneuron commutatum) and (or) Conocephalum conicum, these stands can be classified into the subassociation -cratoneuretosum commutati (Priti-vera & Lo Guidice 1986) Deil 1996 and into the subassociation -conocephaletosum conici. In the first case, the sites consist mainly of larger or smaller tufa-forming waterfalls and in the second case of conglomerate rock shelters. Stands with the dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris, where Eucladium verticillatum still occurs in the moss layer, usually with a low abundance, where Hymenostylium re-curvirostrum is very rare and Palustriella commutata completely absent, and where the geological bedrock is not tufa but conglomerate, can be classified into the association Eucladio-Adiantetum only with reservation. In such stands, which were recorded on both banks of the Soča at Solkan, some other vascular plants also occur with high coverage, especially Asplenium trichomanes, Phyllitis scolopendri-um, Paederota lutea and Phyteuma scheuchzeri sub-sp. columnae; moss species include Trichostomum crispulum, as well as Cinclidotus riparius, Cinclidotus fontinaloides and Lunularia cruciata, which mainly occur in rock shelters that are periodically flooded. On one location in drier conglomerate rocks we recorded Adiantum capillus-veneris in a typical community of more or less dry rock crevices from the class Asplenietea trichomanis and order Potentil-letalia caulescentis. However, it remains to be seen whether this hygrophilous fern will persist in this community for a longer period. Conglomerate rocks along the Soča at Solkan (and perhaps also near Ročinj) are subject to syndynamic processes associated with water level fluctuations (partly related to the operation of the hydroelectric power plants Doblar, Plave and Solkan) and in turn phy-tocoenoses indicate a contact of communities of two classes, Adiantetea and Asplenietea trichomanis. Some of our releves very clearly demonstrate this transition and their classification into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum is therefore sensible. It is still classified into the alliance Adiantion, but its denomination after a typical resident of rock crevices, flowering plant Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae, indicates the relationship of this community with the communities of the order Potentilletalia caulescentis, alliance Phy-teumato-Saxijragion petraeae or suballiance Physo-plexido-Potentillenion caulescentis. In view of the immediate vicinity of the river and human impact on its course the stands of the newly described association Phyteumato-Adiantetum are considered as a habitat type that is the most threatened among the studied stands. On the other hand, Adiantum capillus-veneris demonstrates substantial adaptability and is not subject to deterioration due to periodically flooded sites. It is therefore relatively safe in rock shelters, but less so in vertical rocks, where it may suffer from a lack of moisture. 5. POVZETEK Fitocenološka analiza združb z vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v prigorju Julijskih Alp (zahodna Slovenija) S fitocenološkimi raziskavami rastišč redke in ogrožene vrste Adiantum capillus-veneris v zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji smo ugotovili, da je za sinsiste-matsko razvrstitev njenih združb odločilna mahovna plast. Največkrat so te združbe razvite na lehnjaku in v mahovni plasti prevladuje vrsta Eucladium verti-cillatum. Take sestoje uvrščamo v asociacijo Eucladio--Adiantetum, ki je osrednja asociacija zveze Adiantion. V nekaterih popisih, predvsem v tistih, ki smo jih naredili na najvišje ležečih in najbolj alpskih rastiščih venerinih laskov v Sloveniji, nad dolino Bače pri Grahovem in v koritih Mrzlice pod vasjo Krn in v glavnem na dolomitni podlagi, je v mahovni plasti prevladujoča vrsta Hymenostylium recurvirostrum. Ta mah ima zelo podobne ekološke potrebe in rastišča kot mah Eucladium verticillatum, le da uspeva tudi v montanskem in subalpinskem pasu, v krajih z razme- roma hladnim podnebjem. Nova subasociacija Eucla-dio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvirostri v našem primeru (z izjemo enega popisa) dejansko označuje rastišča venerinih laskov v alpskem fitogeografskem območju in na prevladujoči dolomitni podlagi, ki so v Sloveniji velika redkost. Če v mahovni plasti asociacije Eucladio-Adiantetum prevladujeta vrsti Palustriella commutata (= Cratoneuron commutatum) in (ali) Cono-cephalum conicum, lahko take sestoje uvrščamo v su-basociaciji -cratoneuretosum commutati (Pritivera & Lo Guidice 1986) Deil 1996 in -conocephaletosum conici. V prvem primeru prevladujejo večja ali manjša lehnja-kotvorna slapišča, v drugem primeru konglomeratni spodmoli. Sestoje z dominantno vrsto Adiantum ca-pillus-veneris, kjer je v mahovni plasti vrsta Eucladium verticillatum ponekod še prisotna, a navadno z majhno pokrovnostjo, vrsta Hymenostylium recurvirostrum zelo redka, vrsta Palustriella commutata pa sploh odsotna in geološka podlaga ni lehnjak pač pa konglomerat, le s pridržkom še lahko uvrščamo v asociacijo Eucladio-Adiantetum. V takšnih sestojih, popisali smo jih na obeh bregovih Soče pri Solkanu, imajo vsaj ponekod večjo pokrovnost tudi nekatere druge cev-nice, predvsem vrste Asplenium trichomanes, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Paederota lutea in Phyteuma scheuchze-ri subsp. columnae, med mahovi pa nekatere druge vrste kot so Trichostomum crispulum in predvsem v spodmolih, ki so občasno poplavljeni, vrste Cinclido-tus riparius, Cinclidotusfontinaloides in Lunularia cruci-ata. V bolj suhem konglomeratnem skalovju smo na enem mestu popisali vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v tipični združbi bolj ali manj suhih skalnih razpok iz razreda Asplenietea trichomanis in reda Potentilletalia caulescentis. Vprašanje je, ali se bo ta vlagoljubna praprot v njej obdržala dlje časa. Očitno se v konglomeratnem skalovju ob Soči pri Solkanu (in morda tudi pri Ročinju) v povezavi z nihanjem gladine reke (ki je deloma povezano z delovanjem hidroelektrarn Doblar, Plave in Solkan) dogajajo sindinamski procesi in se posledično v fitocenozah kaže stik združb dveh razredov, Adiantetea in Asplenietea trichomanis. Nekateri naši popisi na ta prehod kažejo precej očitno in zato je smiselna njihova uvrstitev v novo asociacijo Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum. Še vedno jo uvrščamo v zvezo Adiantion, a z njenim poimenovanjem po cvetnici, tipični prebivalki skalnih razpok, Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae, nakazujemo povezavo te združbe z združbami reda Potentilletalia caulescentis, zveze Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae oz. podzveze Physoplexido-Potentillenion caulescentis. Prav zaradi neposredne bližine reke in človekovega vpliva na njen tek so sestoji novo opisane asociacije Phyteumato-Adi-antetum kot habitatni tip med vsemi preučenimi najbolj ogroženi. Res pa je, da vrsta Adiantum capillus--veneris kaže na veliko prilagodljivost in ji občasno poplavljena rastišča ne škodijo. V spodmolih je torej razmeroma varna, manj pa v navpičnem skalovju, kjer je zanjo lahko usodno pomanjkanje vlage. 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are sincerely grateful to Dr. Andrej Rozman for his help in the analysis of Landolt and Ellen-berg's indicator values of plants in the studied syntaxa. Anonymous reviewer helped us with valuable improvements and corrections. English translation by Andreja Šalamon Verbič. 7. REFERENCES Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Moser, D. M. & Theurillat, J.-P. 2004: Flora alpina. Bd. 1: Lyco-podiaceae-Apiaceae. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1159 pp. Anonymous 2002: Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst v rdeči seznam. Uradni list RS 82/2002. Dierßen, K. 2001: Distribution, ecological amplitude and phytosociological characterization of European bryophytes. Bryophytorum Biblio-theca 56. J. Cramer, Stuttgart, 289 pp. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3. Auflage. Springer, Wien - New York, 865 pp. Buser, S. 1986: Tolmač listov Tolmin in Videm (Udine) L 33-64 L 33-63. Osnovna geološka karta 1:100 000. Beograd, 103 pp. Buser, S. 1987: Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ. Tolmin in Videm 1 : 100 000. Zvezni geološki zavod, Beograd. Buser, S. 2009: Geološka karta Slovenije 1: 250.000. Geological map of Slovenia 1.250.000. Geološki zavod Slovenije, Ljubljana. Dakskobler, I. 2003: Floristične novosti iz Posočja in sosednjih območij v zahodni Sloveniji - III. Hladnikia 15-16: 43-71. Deil, U. 1996: Zur Kenntnis der Adiantetea-Gesell-schaften des Mittelmeerraumes und angrenzender Gebiete - mit allgemeinen Überlegung zur ökologischen Skalierung ihrer Standorte und zur Sättigung von Pflanzengesellschaften. Phytocoenologia 26 (4): 481-536. Deil, U. 1998: The class Adiantetea in the Mediterranean area - a state of knowledge report. Annali di Botanica 56 (1): 73-78. Düll, R. 1991: Zeigerwerte von Laub-und Lebermoosen. In: Ellenberg, H. et al.: Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobot-anica 18, Erich Goltze KG, Göttingen, pp. 175-214. Ellenberg, H., H. E. Weber, R. Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner & D. Paulissen 1991: Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobot-anica 18: 1-248, Erich Goltze KG, Göttingen. Frahm, J. P. & Frey, W. 1992: Moosflora. 3. Aufl. UTB, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 528 pp. Giacomini, V. 1951: Richerche sulla flora briologi-ca xerothermica delle Alpi Italiane. Vegetatio 3: 1-123. Giovagnoli, L. & Tasinazzo, S. 2012: Hymenostylio recurvirostri-Pinguiculetum poldinii ass. nova in the Valbrenta ravines (Venetian Prealps): a new palaeoendemic plant association belonging to the class Adiantetea Br.-Bl. 1948. Plant Sociology 29 (2): 49-58. Glasnovic, P. 2009: Adiantum capillus-veneris. In: Jogan, N. (ed.): Nova nahajališča. Hladnikia 24: 69. Hill, M. O., Bell, N., Bruggeman-Nanenga, M. A., Brugues, M., Cano, M. J., Enroth, J., Flatberg, K. I., Frahm, J.-P., Galego, M. T., Garilleti, M., Guerra, J., Hedenäs, L., Holyoak, D. T., Hyvönen, J., Ignatov, M. S., Lara, F., Mazim-paka, V., Munoz, J. & Söderström, L. 2006: An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia. Journal of Bryology 28 (3): 198-267. Horvat, I., Glavač, V., Ellenberg, H. 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 768 pp. Horvatic, S. 1934: Flora i vegetacija otoka Paga. Prirodoslovna istraživanja JAZU 19: 116-372. Horvatic, S. 1939: Pregled vegetacije otoka Raba sa gledišta biljne sociologije. Prirodoslovna istraživanja JAZU 22: 1- 99. Horvatic, S. 1963: Vegetacijska karta otoka Paga s opcim pregledom vegetacijskih jedinica hrvat-skog primorja. Prirodoslovna istraživanja JAZU 33, Acta biologica 4: 11-187. Jogan, N., Bačič, T., Frajman, B., Leskovar, I., Na-glič, D., Podobnik, A., Rozman, B., Strgulc -Krajšek, S. & Trčak, B. 2001: Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije. Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Miklavž na Dravskem polju, 443 pp. Kaligarič, M. & Otopal, J. 2007: Habitatni tipi. In: Kaligarič, M. & Pipenbaher, N. (eds.): Živi svet porečja Dragonje. Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Maribor, pp. 33-42. Kocjan, J. M. 2014: Prispevek k poznavanju razširjenosti nekaterih redkih, ogroženih ali drugače zanimivih taksonov v flori Slovenije. Hladnikia 33: 31-63. Landolt, E., Bäumler, B. Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., schweingruber, F. H., Theurillat, J.-P., Urmi, E., Vust, M. & Wohlgemuth, T. 2010: Flora indicativa. 2. auflage. Haupt Verlag, bern-stuttgart-Wien, 323 pp. leskovar, I. & jogan, N. 2004: Habitatni tipi in Natura 2000. Proteus 66 (9-10): 407-415. Lužnik, M. 2009: Adiantum capillus-veneris. In: Jogan, N. (ed.): Nova nahajališča. Hladnikia 24: 69. Maarel, van der E. 1979: Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity. Vegetatio 39 (2): 97-114. Martinčič, A. 1973: Reliktna flora v Škocjanskih jamah in njena ekologija. Biološki vestnik 21 (2): 117-126. Martinčič, A. 2003: Seznam listnatih mahov (Bryopsida) Slovenije. Hacquetia 2 (1): 91-166. Martinčič, A. 2011: Annotated Checklist of Slovenian Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and Hornworts (Anthocerotophyta). Scopolia 72: 1-38. Martinčič, A., Wraber, T., Jogan, N., Podobnik, A., Turk, B., Vreš, B., Ravnik, V., Frajman, B., Str-gulc Krajšek, S., Trčak, B., Bačič, T., Fischer, M. A., Eler, K. & Surina, B. 2007: Mala flora Slovenije. Ključ za določanje praprotnic in semenk. četrta, dopolnjena in spremenjena izdaja. Tehniška založba Slovenije, Ljubljana, 967 pp. Mekinda-Majaron, T. 1995: Klimatografija Slovenije. Temperatura zraka1961-1990. Hidrometeorološki zavod Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana, 356 pp. Mikuletič, V. 1970: Redka praprot na vznožju Julijskih Alp. Proteus 33 (1): 39. Morton, F. 1935: Monografia fitogeografica delle Voragini delle Grotte del Timavo presso San Canziano. Alpi Giulie 36 (1): 6-55. Podani, J. 2001: SYN-TAX 2000. Computer Programs for Data Analysis in Ecology and Sys-tematics. User's Manual, Budapest, 53 pp. Poldini, L. 1989: La vegetazione del Carso isonti-no e triestino. Ed. Lint, Trieste, 313 pp. Poldini, L. 2009: La diversita vegetale del Carso fra Trieste e Gorizia. Lo stato dell'ambiente. Edizione Goliardiche, Trieste, 732 pp. R Core Team 2013: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/ Rojšek, D. 1994: Ajbško jezero. Proteus 57 (1): 19-22. Rojšek, D. 2014: Venerini laski (Adiantum capillus--veneris L.) v Posočju. Proteus 77, in print. Seliškar, T., Vreš, B. & Seliškar, A. 2003: FloVegSi 2.0. Fauna, Flora, Vegetation and Paleovegeta-tion of Slovenia. Computer programme for arranging and analysis of biological data. Biološki inštitut ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana. Schumacker, R. & Vana, J. 2005: Identification keys to the liverworts and hornworts of Europe and Macaronesia. 2. ed. Poznan, 269 pp. Skoberne, P. 2007: Narava na dlani. Zavarovane rastline Slovenije. Žepni vodnik. Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana, 116 pp. Sutter, R. 1969: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der soziologischen Bindung süd-südostalpiner Re-liktendemismen. Acta Botanica Croatica 28: 349-365. Šilc, U. & Čarni, A. 2012: Conspectus of vegetation syntaxa in Slovenia. Hacquetia 11 (1): 113-164. Theurillat, J.-P. 2004; Pflanzensoziologisches System. In: Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K, Moser, D. M. & Theurillat, J-P.: Flora alpina 3: Register. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, pp. 301-313. Tomažič, G. 1946: Flora in vegetacija kraških jam. Zbornik Prirodoslovnega društva 4: 74-78 + vegetacijska tabela. Wraber, T. 1986: Vsega po nekaj o venerinih laskih. Proteus 48 (7): 259-263. Wraber, T., Skoberne, P. 1989: Rdeči seznam ogroženih praprotnic in semenk SR Slovenije. Varstvo narave 14-15: 1-429. Zechmeister, H. 1993: Montio-Cardaminetea: In: Grabherr, G. & Mucina, L. (eds.): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena - Stuttgart - New York, pp. 213-240. Zechmeister, H. & Mucina, L. 1994: Vegetation of European springs: high-rank syntaxa of the Montio-Cardaminetea. Journal of Vegetation Science 5 (3): 385-402. Zupančič, B. 1995: Klimatografija Slovenije. Padavine 1961-1990. Hidrometeorološki zavod Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana, 366 pp. Žigon, J. 1998: Nahajališče venerinih laskov pri Britofu v dolini Idrije. Proteus 60 (6): 269-270. Received 20. 12. 2013 Revison received: 12. 5. 2014 Accepted: 15. 5. 2014 Table 1: Analytical table of the communities with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris in western and southwestern Slovenia. Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 5 6 476 (N 61 491 2 4 3 6 496 2 ^ 8 7 4 2 8 5 6 7 4 2 491 2 126 157 334 200 150 150 SE SW E SE SW SW 100 180 180 100 80 45 Co Sa L L, F Tu Tu 3 79 35 70 70 70 70 70 30 20 40 60 50 18 2 3 17 9 21 5 10 3 3 3 2 3 3 0 8 9 3 3 3 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS c^ c^ c^ c^ o^ 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 6 2 5 4 2 5 81 ^^ 2 5 4 2 ^ 2 5 4 2 47 2 14 Database number of releve (Delovna številka popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Cover of shrub layer in % (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %) Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %) Number of species (Število vrst) Releve area (Velikost popisne ploskve) Date of taking releve (Datum popisa) >,0 (n 'n 4 (n 365 S 50 D 61 64 (N (N 55 44 (N (N 360 360 360 SE S SW 100 100 100 DDD 180 370 395 500 SW SE SE SE 90 90 100 90 Tu D B Tu E2 El E0 o ns in ta cj Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) Coordinate GK X (D-48) Ro 4 8 9 oš K 4 5 0 K 044 4 1 7 00 (N ^ 445 ^ (N on 00 t^ (N 500 0 1 1 80 70 70 80 70 40 70 20 20 60 60 40 90 70 40 100 16 9 9 12 12 10 14 16 6 5 4 5 2 6 6 4 2 2 2 2 3 01 2 2 3 01 01 01 01 c^ 01 c^ 01 c^ 01 c^ CS CS CS CS c^ CS ^^ c^ c^ c^ ^ c^ a apa gra a apa gra a apa gra a apa gra a apa gra a p a gra a n N re a n N re a n N re a n N re a n N re a re a ic Br Br Br Br Br pq o o o o o o v o ov ov ov ov e č ov M ah Gra ah Gra ah Gra ah Gra ah Gra h Grah ^ K c^ 4 8 9 c^ 4 8 9 4 8 9 4 8 9 00 4 994 c^ 4 8 9 8 9 m 00 4 7 9 0 7 7 2 4 6 7 2 8 6 7 2 4 6 7 2 8 8 5 8 9 3 6 5 7 2 4 71 2 4 6 6 7 9 3 41 41 41 41 41 41 0 6 5 3 2 4 5 3 6 6 5 3 2 5 5 3 44 9 1069 6 3 5 3 2 7 5 3 86 7 1207 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 44 95 90 Diagnostic species of the syntaxa (Diagnostične vrste sintaksonov) AD Adiantum capillus-veneris E1 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 5 4 2 4 1 AD Eucladium verticillatum E0 4 3 1 3 4 3 + + + EP Molinia caerulea susbp. arundinacea E1 3 4 5 1 + + + 1 r AD Hymenostylium recurvirostrum E0 + . .+ 2 1 4 4 3 4 4 3 5 ES Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria E1 1 + + + TR Petasites paradoxus E1 + + + 1 SCF Tofieldia calyculata E1 r + + r MC Palustriella commutata E0 .1 + + 3 1 2 2 1 1 + 1 MC Conocephalum conicum FS Brachypodium sylvaticum FS Galeobdolonflavidum AT Asplenium trichomanes PC Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae PC Paederota lutea AT Leontodon hispidus subsp. brumatii MC Trichostomum crispulum MC Didymodon fallax E0 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E0 E0 m m m + r I. Dakskobler, a. Martincic & D. Rojšek: Phytosociological analysis of commun. with Adiantum capillus-veneris Tabela 1: Analitska tabela združb z dominantno vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Pr. Fr. 6 7 4 2 491 2 3 6 491 2 491 2 61 6 476 2 3 81 478 2 14 81 7 4 2 8 0 8 7 4 2 6 3 0 0 5 2 9 2 2 8 4 2 4 5 6 7 4 2 9 5 6 476 2 17 81 478 2 19 81 478 2 0409 5 2 6 2 5 0 5 2 16 81 0 5 2 8 81 0 5 2 7 2 9 499 2 10 41 0 5 2 8 0 4 0 5 2 2 41 0 5 2 3 41 0 5 2 5 3 6 496 2 5 41 0 5 CS 180 140 150 145 224 180 180 200 200 170 133 160 120 120 65 70 64 62 57 64 59 78 78 334 59 SEE NEE W NE SE SW SW SE SE SW NE SE SSW SW W SE SE SE N SE SWW SE NE 0 SW 80 70 30 35 60 90 80 100 95 70 20 80 100 90 95 95 100 95 90 95 90-95 90 90 0 90 Tu Tu Tu Tu 5 Tu Tu Tu Tu Tu Tu Co Tu Co Co Co Co 5 Co 2 Co Co Co 5 Co 10 L 10 L L Co 70 70 80 70 50 70 70 70 80 50 60 60 50 60 80 40 30 20 80 70 50 40 20 30 25 60 80 90 85 60 100 80 90 80 90 80 70 60 70 10 15 40 50 30 80 70 50 30 40 5 7 10 10 16 13 11 16 23 16 11 16 8 10 11 8 11 17 21 14 16 23 13 12 7 15 1 3 1 5 4 3 1,5 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 8 9 3 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 c^ 01 c^ 01 CS 01 CS 01 01 CS 01 CS 01 c^ 01 c^ 01 CS 01 CS c^ CS c^ CS 07 0 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS 01 CS c^ CS c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ t^ c^ 00 .ts > N Oj C C C rt Ö ä S S S ;3 43 J? JŽ 2 2 13 2 1 1 4 5 0 4 5 0 4 5 0 114 2222 7 6 5 5 1 4 6 6 2 2 7 7 6 6 9 0 0 0 6 3 9 2 8 1 0 3 3 4 3 7 61 0 3 5 61 8 5 9 0 7 8 8 81 6 21 9 9 4 21 6 21 21 21 5 6 8 8 3 6 5 8 2 8 8 8 8 9 9 7 91 8 8 0 0 8 8 91 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 4 4 21 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 0 4 0 2 7 8 8 9 7 0 1 7 9 6 4 4 9 8 0 3 5 3 1 9 7 9 5 9 7 9 2 4 5 3 5 7 0 9 2 2 2 7 0 9 3 4 3 9 9 9 4 9 9 2 2 9 8 3 8 7 6 6 6 5 6 3 2 4 0 2 8 8 8 2 6 6 7 7 6 7 2 7 7 4 94 3 3 3 3 3 4 94 5 5 8 4 94 102 3 3 3 0 106 106 0 0 106 0 0 107 107 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 34 43 13 + 2 + + 1 + + + + 1 2 + + + + Pr. Fr. 39 100 25 64 12 31 15 38 18 10 10 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 1 + . 23 59 3 2 3 1 + + 2 4 3 2 .... 1 3 . . . 2 . 15 38 r + r r r 2 r . . . .8 21 + r r r + + 7 18 10 26 18 13 8 10 8 3 + + + r + + + Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 FS Phyllitis scolopendrium MC Cinclidotus riparius MC Cinclidotus fontinaloides MC Lunularia cruciata MC Hygrohypnum luridum AD Adiantion, Adiiantetea Pellia endiviifolia Didymodon tophaceus Calliergonella cuspidata MC Montio-Cardaminetea Bryum pseudotriquetrum Cratoneuronfilicinum Philonotis fontana Didymodon spadiceus Gymnostomum aeruginosum CF Cystopteridion fragilis Orthothecium rufescens Jungermannia atrovirens Cystopteris fragilis PJ Parietaria judaicae Parietaria judaica Cymbalaria muralis AT Asplenietea trichomanis Cardaminopsis arenosa Asplenium viride Asplenium ruta-muraria TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Hieracium bifidum ES Elyno-Seslerietea Aster bellidiastrum FB Festuco-Brometea Globularia punctata Scabiosa graminifolia TG Trifolio-Geranietea Campanula rapunculoides Laserpitium latifolium MA Molinion, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Angelica sylvestris Deschampsia cespitosa Caltha palustris Galium mollugo Taraxacum officinale Pulicaria dysenterica MuAMulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Adenostyletea Salix appendiculata Senecio ovatus FC Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Filipendula ulmaria EA Epilobietea angustifolii Eupatorium cannabinum SM Stellarietea mediae Cardamine hirsuta Stellaria media Erigeron annuus E1 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 + 1 1+ + + r + + + + + + + + . r + r r + r r + r r r 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Pr. Fr. 3 2 r 1 6 15 + + + 2 2 + 6 15 1 2 4 1 5 13 1 1 2 3 8 + + + 3 8 + 1 + + 1 1 + + . .......+ . 1+ 17 44 2 5 1 3 ++ +. 3 8 3 8 25 13 13 38 13 13 25 13 + . . + 25 13 13 13 25 13 13 13 13 r . r r 13 13 13 6 15 13 13 13 + r 2 + + + r r r + + + + r r r + rr r r r r Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa) 12 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 GU Galio-Urticetea Petasites hybridus Aegopodium podagraria Viola odorata Equisetum arvense RP Rhamno-Prunetea Ligustrum vulgare Rubus macrophyllus EP Erico-Pinetea Calamagrostis varia Buphthalmum salicifolium VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Veronica urticifolia Oxalis acetosella AF Aremonio-Fagion Lamium orvala Cyclamen purpurascens Anemone trifolia Cardamine trifolia FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Mycelis muralis Geranium robertianum Salvia glutinosa Viola reichenbachiana Fagus sylvatica Pulmonaria officinalis Sambucus nigra Aruncus dioicus Euphorbia amygdaloides Symphytum tuberosum Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum Ranunculus lanuginosus Tilia cordata QP Quercetalia pubescentis Ruscus aculeatus Ostrya carpinifolia Fraxinus ornus Viola alba subsp. scotophylla Asparagus acutifolius Sesleria autumnalis Carex flacca Tamus communis Celtis australis Quercus pubescens Clematis recta QF Querco-Fagetea Hedera helix Clematis vitalba Primula vulgaris Viola riviniana Vinca minor Lonicera caprifolium Corylus avellana Ficaria verna Alnus incana E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E2a . E1 r E1 . E2a . + + r + + + r . . r r + + + + + r + r r r r r r + r + r r + + + + r + + + 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Pr. Fr. r . . . + + . r r . r . . r 1 . + + . . 1 .+. +++ 1r +.+ + r + + + +. .+21 + +. 1r .......r.....+ + r + .r..r.... +..... + r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +1 .+ 2 5 2 5 1 3 1 3 3 8 1 3 10 26 1 3 4 10 2 5 2 5 2 5 1 3 1 3 5 13 4 10 2 5 2 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 10 4 10 4 10 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 1 3 1 3 1 3 22 56 9 23 6 15 3 8 2 5 2 5 1 3 1 3 1 3 + + r + + + + r +r r + r r r + + r r r r r +. r .+ .+ r + + r + HAcquETiA 13/2 • 2014, 235- 258 Number of releve (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ilex aquifolium E2a . . . Hieracium racemosum E1 . . . O Other species (Druge vrste) Festuca sp. E1 . . . Thuja orientalis E2a . . . Veronica sp. E1 . . . Deutzia scabra E2a . . . Ficus carica E2a . . . Galium palustre E1 . . . Buddleja davidii E1 . . . M Mosses (Mahovi) Oxyrrhynchium hians E0 . . . ...1... Oxyrrhynchium schleicheri E0 . . . . + . . .+.r... Plagiomnium rostratum E0 . . . + . . . Fissidens taxifolius subsp. taxifolius E0 . . . + Lophozia sp. E0 . . . + . . . Jungermannia sp. E0 . . . . . + . .....+ . Pedinophyllum interruptum E0 . . . ...... r Brachythecium rutabulum E0 . . . Barbula unguiculata E0 . . . Barbula convoluta E0 . . . Oxystegus tenuirostris E0 . . . Platyhypnidium riparioides E0 . . . Neckera besseri E0 . . . Plasteurhynchium striatulum E0 . . . Jungermannia hyalina E0 + . . Tortella sp. E0 . . + Didymodon ferrugineus E0 . . . + . . . Ctenidium molluscum E0 . . . . . . + Seligeria trifaria E0 . . . .....+ . Fissidens adianthoides E0 . . . Amblystegium serpens E0 . . . Brachythecium starkei E0 . . . Rhynchostegium murale E0 . . . Philonotis marchica E0 . . . Fissidens dubius E0 . . . Jungermannia gracillima E0 . . . Mnium marginatum E0 . . . Rhynchostegiella tenella E0 . . . Thamnobryum alopecurum E0 . . . Didymodon acutus E0 . . . Mnium sp. E0 . . . Pr. Presence - prezenca Fr. Frequency - frekvenca Co Conglomerate - konglomerat Sa Sandstone - peščenjak L Limestone - apnenec F Flysch - fliš Tu Tufa - lehnjak D Dolomite - dolomit B Breccia - breča 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 P Fr. . . . . + + 11 + . + . . + .+ + + + + + + +. . + . + . + . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . .......1. .++. + . . . .+ + +. . . . r +...............++... + .. . . + .... +................. . . +...................... ................+ . . +..... .......r.....1 . . . +....... ..............+ . . 1......+ ................+ ....++.. .................+......+ ....................+ + . . . .....................+ 1 . . .....................+ + . . 16 41 8 21 8 21 6 15 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 + r r r r r + + + + + + + Table 2: Synoptic table of the communities with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris in the southern and southeastern Alps. Tabela 2: Sintezna tabela združb z dominantno vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v južnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah. Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Number of releves (Število popisov) 4 5 6 5 7 10 4 4 5 Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) ^ As v w ty ^ w Ü A v w S A v w J? A v w pc A v w c c Ac v w tc At ^ r c Ac ^ AD Adiantion, Adiantetea Adiantum capillus-veneris E1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Eucladium verticillatum E0 100 100 100 100 43 90 50 75 20 Preissia quadrata E0 50 40 Hymenostylium recurvirostrum E0 50 100 100 10 50 25 Pellia endiviifolia E0 33 33 60 57 80 75 Didymodon tophaceus E0 Calliergonella cuspidata E0 MC Montio-Cardaminetea Palustriella commutata E0 Cratoneuronfilicinum E0 Bryum pseudotriquetrum E0 Philonotis fontana E0 Didymodon spadiceus E0 Conocephalum conicum E0 Gymnostomum aeruginosum E0 Cinclidotus fontinaloides E0 Trichostomum crispulum E0 Didymodon fallax E0 Cinclidotus riparius E0 Lunularia cruciata E0 Hygrohypnum luridum E0 CF CystopteridionfragiUs Jungermannia atrovirens E0 Orthothecium rufescens E0 Cystopteris fragilis E1 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae E1 Paederota lutea E1 Potentilla caulescens E1 Moehringia bavarica E1 PJ Parietaria judaicae Parietaria judaica E1 Cymbalaria muralis E1 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium trichomanes E1 Asplenium ruta-muraria E1 Cardaminopsis arenosa E1 Leontodon hispidus subsp. brumatii E1 Asplenium viride E1 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Hieracium bifidum E1 Petasites paradoxus E1 50 50 17 17 50 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 10 100 100 50 . 20 . 10 . 10 . 14 29 14 40 14 . 29 14 17 100 . 40 . 20 33 100 . 40 60 100 10 . 10 20 100 75 40 80 100 60 60 . 20 75 20 50 20 25 25 25 100 25 20 . 20 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 4 5 6 7 8 9 SCF Scheuchzerio-Cariceteafuscae Schoenus nigricans E1 Tofieldia calyculata E1 Pinguicula alpina E1 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria E1 Aster bellidiastrum E1 FB Festuco-Brometea Globularia punctata E1 Blackstonia perfoliata E1 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Campanula rapunculoides E1 MA Molinion, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Deschampsia cespitosa E1 Galium mollugo E1 Pulicaria dysenterica E1 Angelica sylvestris E1 Caltha palustris E1 Taraxacum officinale E1 FC Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Filipendula ulmaria E1 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Senecio ovatus E1 EA Epilobietea angustifolii Eupatorium cannabinum E1 SM Stellarietea mediae Cardamine hirsuta E1 Stellaria media E1 GU Galio-Urticetea Petasites hybridus E1 Aegopodium podagraria E1 Viola odorata E1 Equisetum arvense E1 RP Rhamno-Prunetea Rubus macrophyllus E2a Ligustrum vulgare E1 EP Erico-Pinetea Molinia caerulea susbp. arundinacea E1 Calamagrostis varia E1 Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Veronica urticifolia E1 Oxalis acetosella E1 AF Aremonio-Fagion Lamium orvala E1 Anemone trifolia E1 Cyclamen purpurascens E1 Cardamine trifolia E1 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Salvia glutinosa E1 Viola reichenbachiana E1 Fagus sylvatica E1 100 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 33 17 17 17 17 17 17 60 43 40 . . 43 60 14 14 14 10 20 14 10 10 25 30 10 10 20 10 10 14 10 25 . 86 30 . . 57 10 25 50 75 . 25 20 25 20 20 20 20 40 . 50 . 25 10 25 10 . 2 3 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Brachypodium sylvaticum E1 Galeobdolon flavidum E1 Mycelis muralis E1 Geranium robertianum E1 Aruncus dioicus E1 Phyllitis scolopendrium E1 Pulmonaria officinalis E1 Sambucus nigra E1 Euphorbia amygdaloides E1 Symphytum tuberosum E1 Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum E1 Ranunculus lanuginosus E1 Tilia cordata E2a QP QF O M Quercetalia pubescentis Asparagus acutifolius Celtis australis Fraxinus ornus Ostrya carpinifolia Quercus pubescens Ruscus aculeatus Sesleria autumnalis Viola alba subsp. scotophylla Carex flacca Tamus communis Clematis recta Querco-Fagetea Hedera helix Vinca minor Clematis vitalba Primula vulgaris Viola riviniana Lonicera caprifolium Corylus avellana Ficaria verna Ilex aquifolium Alnus incana Other species (Druge vrste) Ficus carica Festuca sp. Thuja orientalis Veronica sp. Deutzia scabra Galium palustre E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E2a E2a E2a E1 E2a E1 E2a E1 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 33 33 17 17 17 17 17 Mosses (Mahovi) Southbya tophacea E0 75 Riccardia sp. E0 50 Oxyrrhynchium schleicheri E0 . 17 . . 29 30 25 Plagiomnium rostratum E0 . 17 . . . 10 75 Jungermannia sp. E0 . 17 . . 14 10 . Lophozia sp. E0 . 17 . . . 20 . Didymodon ferrugineus E0 . 17 . Jungermannia hyalina E0 . 17 . 256 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 29 20 60 40 30 30 10 10 10 20 50 25 25 10 10 10 50 10 . . 10 . 14 30 25 . 20 . . 10 . . 10 . 25 25 25 75 57 70 100 50 75 20 60 20 40 20 40 40 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Tortella sp. E0 Jungermannia gracillima E0 Trichostomum brachyodontium var. cuspidatum E0 Wessia sp. Seligeria trifaria Oxyrrhynchium hians Fissidens taxifolius subsp. taxifolius Pedinophyllum interruptum Brachythecium rutabulum Brachythecium starkei Fissidens adianthoides Philonotis marchica Rhynchostegium murale Barbula unguiculata Barbula convoluta Oxystegus tenuirostris Mnium marginatum Rhynchostegiella tenella Thamnobryum alopecurum Neckera besseri Plasteurhynchium striatulum Platyhypnidium riparioides Amblystegium serpens Didymodon acutus E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 17 50 17 17 20 14 14 14 14 50 20 10 10 10 10 10 50 25 25 75 25 25 25 100 40 20 50 25 25 25 25 25 40 40 40 40 20 20 1 EVAsNI 2 EvAty 3 EvAG 4 EvAS 5 EvAhy 6 EvApc 7 EvAcc 8 PcAtc 9 PcAcr Eucladio-Adiantetum southbyetosum stillicidiorum - N Italy, Gicomini (1951) Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum - Slovenia Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum - N Italy, Gicomini (1951) Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum var. Potentilla caulescens - N Italy, Sutter (1969) Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvirostri - Slovenia Eucladio-Adiantetum cratoneuretosum commutati - Slovenia Eucladio-Adiantetum conocephaletosum conici - Slovenia Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris trichostomotosum crispulae - Slovenia Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris cinclidotosum riparii - Slovenia 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 Table 3: Average Landolt's and Ellenebrg's indicator values for communites with dominant Adiantum capillus-veneris in southern Alps and Slovenia Tabela 3: Landoltove in Ellenbergove indikacijske vrednsoti za združbe z dominantno vrsto Adiantum capillus-veneris v južnih Alpah in Sloveniji T K L F R N H D L T K F R N Lan Lan Lan Lan Lan Lan Lan Lan Ell Ell Ell Ell Ell Ell Eucladio-Adiantetum southbyetosum stillicidiorum - N Italy, Gicomini (1951) 3.7 2.5 3.2 4.5 5.0 1.8 3.8 3.0 5.9 5.9 4.4 7.9 7.8 2.5 Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum - Slovenia 3.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 4.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 5.8 5.7 4.1 5.5 6.7 4.6 Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum - N Italy, Gicomini (1951) 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.8 1.7 1.3 5.0 5.1 5.5 4.2 6.7 6.7 3.0 Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum var. Potentilla caulescens - N Italy, Sutter (1969) 3.3 2.9 3.5 2.5 4.7 2.1 1.6 4.5 6.1 5.0 4.1 6.3 7.8 3.0 Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvirostri - Slovenia 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.5 4.5 2.5 3.0 2.8 5.7 4.8 4.0 6.1 7.4 4.7 Eucladio-Adiantetum cratoneuretosum commutati - Slovenia 3.6 2.8 2.8 3.2 4.0 3.0 3.1 2.6 5.4 5.4 4.1 5.9 6.8 5.4 Eucladio-Adiantetum conocephaletosum conici - Slovenia 3.9 2.6 2.3 3.1 4.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 4.5 5.3 4.0 5.9 7.2 5.2 Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris trichostomotosum crispulae - Slovenia 3.5 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.1 2.3 2.7 3.7 5.7 5.0 4.3 5.0 7.0 4.3 Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum capilli-veneris cinclidotosum riparii - Slovenia 3.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 4.0 2.7 2.7 3.2 5.5 5.0 4.1 5.7 6.9 4.4