PRI(t()DOSi.ÜV>| MLIZF.J SLOVENUE MUSEUM H!y'[~ORi\R ^A'['URAU1S SL(M:\L\K SCOPOLIA Revija Pnrodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije CODE^JSCPLEK ' ISSN 035^ -0077 ÖUUFULiA Glasilo Prirodos lov nega muzeja Slovenijt, Ljubljana Journu! ofthv Shvvnian Kfiiseiim oj Natura! History. Ljuhijuna Izdajatelj ' Eitiled by: PriTodostovni mu/ej Slovenije, Ljubljana, Slovenija ShMettiiin Mu-teum uj Naturti! Histoiy, L/tihljcDtu. Siovenin Sofinancirala / Subsidised by: Javna agencija ^a raziskovalno dejaxnosi Republike Siovenije, Trg OF 1 J, IMW Ljubljana./ SJwvtnian Research Agency, Tig OF ! 3. !fi(!(i (jithljana. Urednik / Eäiior: Jane^ ÜREGORF Uredniiki od bur / Ediioriai Staff: Bred« ČINC-JUHANT. Boris J^RYSTUFEK. Loj/x MARINCEK, Ignac SIVEC, Kazimir TARMAl^. Nikola TVRTKOVit (HR), Tone WRABER Maslov uredništva in uprave! Adäress of the Editoriai Office and Admintxtratioij: PliTodoslovTii muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, 290, SI - 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija iioiienwfl Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 2Q. p.p. 290. iV - iOlii Ljubljana. Shvenia Raiun pn UJP / Accomi at UJP: 01100-6030376931 Lcktur (la slovoiSCino)! Ht-ader (for Shwve): Cvetana TAVZES Lektor (za aiijjieitinu) i Reader (for EngUsh): Ht:nri!( CIGLIČ Oblikovanje I De.iign: Jurij KOCBEK Tisk / Printed by: Schwarz d.O.o., Ljubljana liidcta najmanj dve ätevilkt lemo, naklada po 600 izhodov The Journal appears at leant twice a year 6(>0 copies: per issue. Natisnjeno / Printed: december 2005 i December 2005 Fotografija na naslovnici i Front cover: Agnetina brevipemL^. Khangai Mountains. M on gol ia. tbto ■ Photo-. Ignac Sivce Revija je v podatkovnih ba^ah / Jottmdi is coveredhy ; CO B Iß, B1 OSI S Zuol ogica I Rccord ScüpüliaNÜ 56:1-21 (2005) The Eastern Palearctic Species of Agnetina (Plecoptera: Perlidae) Ignac SIVEC, Lidia A. ZHILTZOVA^ and Bill P. STARK' UDC (UDK) 595.735:5911 -021.21H045) ABSTRACT Seven Agnetina species known from the eaitem Palearciic region are redescribed frvim types and newly associated materia], f I lustrations of male and female genitalia, head and pronoi&l patterns, eggs, larval color patterns and larval proventriculi are used to support species descriptions. Perici fot/dWTOitiMcLACHLAN and P immersa McLA[:nLA^' arc transferred toAgnelina, a female lectotype is designated for A. cocmdica (McLacitlan) and dubia Zwick is placed as a synonym of A. pedara (Kotonem). PrcJiminar^' keys are presented for adults and larvae. Key words; Plecoptera, Perlidac,^gnefj/jo. Eastern Palearctic, taxonomy IZVLEČEK VzJiodnopalcarktiCne vrste rodu ^^fie((nfl(Plcfoptera: Pcrlidat-)-" Sedem vrst radn Agnetina iz vzhodnega paiearkttka je ponovno opisanih na podlagi Študije tipskega in recentno nabranega materiala. Opis vrst dopolnjujejo ilustracije genitalij samcev in samic, vzorec na g lavi in pronotumn, tako pri odraslih kot pri ličinkah, ter mikroskopski posnetki jajc in proventrikla pri ličinkah, Perici c-adaverosa McLachlan in P. i/nfrter.ia McLachlam sta prestavljeni v rod Agnefinci^ lektotip samice je opisan za vrsto cocandica (McLachlan), A. duhia Zweck je postavljena kot sinonim vrsteč. pedara (Kopunen). Generirani so preliminarni ključi xa določanje odraslih osebkov in ličink posameznih vrst. Ključne besede; Plecoptera. Perlidae, ^gwefina, vzhodni palearktik, sistematika ' Sli>«ifiiain Mweum of Natural Hialory, Ljubljana, Slnvünia ' ZmiLigical InstilLitc. Husbiiaii Acad^n^' or Selen«, St. Peleräbiirg, Kussg;i ' Mississij^i College. Clinton, Mississippi. USA Address coiricsponJunce ibj 1. Siv«, Siov^nj^n Museum ni' Nalural Eiistoiy, Frelcrnöva 2U, 1000 Ljuhijinu. Slovenia. K-mail: isivcc@pms-lj.3i sl'opfilia 56 - l«li kiapältk (! 907) proposed Mgnetina as a subgenus of Per/a and later (klapallk 1923) gave the group generic status. Throughout much of the last ccntury the genus remained poorly defined and was, in fact, considered a synonym of Dtnocras (klaraltk 1907) by Illies (1966). When ZwicK (1984) discovered syntypes of PerJa elegamuJa Klapalek, type of ibe genus, the true nature of Agneiina and the synonymy of Phasganophora (Klapälek 1914) became obvious. ZwicK (1984) noted that ^^. clegantitla^ a potentially threatened potamon species, was known from only three sites in central Europe, but there are now recent repons of the species in Austria (ÜRAr 1997) and Hungary (Kov Acs & Am brus 2000). Subsequently, Stark (1986) reviewed the Nearctic species, Sivf3c et al. (1988) gave a generic synopsis and preliminary species list, and others (Stark & slvec 1991; Du & Chou 1998) have added new species descriptions and redescriptions of older species from the Orient, Contributions to the knowledge of eastern Palearctic Agnetina were made by Koponrn & Brinlx (1949}, Zkri-zova (1964.1975). RauSfji (I %8) and Zwick (1984). Unfortunately, these studies have often been limited by scarce material and by limited access to types, which has produced some confusion. R-vuSsKt 1968), for example, provides beautiful illustrations of ^Pha:?gcinopfwra hrevipennix Navas", which are actually A. exfremu (Navas). This may have led to Z^^'ickl's (1984) failure to recognize A. exfrema as a valid species in the genus and also led Sivec et al. (1988) to incorrectly attribute an aedcagal illustration of.^. cj/remo to A. brevipenni.f. Over the past forty years, one of us (LAZ) accumulated material through personal colfecting and also studied older pinned material and types in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. This material includes more than 600 specimens of seven Agneritta species now recognized from the eastern Palearctic region (Fig. 56). The comprehensive nature of this collection permits associations of males, females and larvae to be made for most species of the genus in this region. It is hoped that this study will provides basis for continued investigations of this important genus across this vast region. »C/iT- leiifin ^ Gcngrapllitul cJiKtrihulitin of Af;tii:lina spetics {H - A. btevipeimi-f, C - A. eaduvcroxu-, Co - A. cot'arKiku: Ei - /i. tslreina, I - A. imnier.fa\ r - A. ff^iifilci; Sc - .vfni/it; il A. duMo. SCOh^I lA s* - Agnetina brevipenrtis (IVavas) Figs. 1-8 Paragfictmabrevipenms^wAS, 1912. kiverKur,Chübarovgkiy District,Garniachta, Siberia, hoiotype cJ (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg). AcmneufiumongoUca Klapälek, 1921. syn, Zh!U70va, 1972, Neophasganophora brevipenms\ ZAPEK[MA-DuLK.Eir& DuLKti r, 1961. Phasganophorci bre vipenn «; Zu i ltzova , 19 75. Agnatiuu brevipennis'. Zwicit, 19S4. Agnetina brevipennis: TeSUENKO & ZhilizOVa, 1989. Male. - Brachyptmms. Forevt ing length 3,5-5,5 mm. General color brown. Ocellar area usually covered with dark pigment that extends laterally behind posterior ocelli; calluses, occiput and area forward of anterior ocellus pale, but darker around anterior and lateral margins of head (Fig. 5). Pfonotum brown with paler rugosities. Legs pale brown, antennae and cerci dark brown. T5 produced into a rounded lobe overlapping T6 base; T6 produced into an emarginate lobe slightly overlapping T7 base; T7 and TÄ with large mesa! membranous areas; sensilla basiconica patches on lobes of T5 and T6 and in the membrane of T7 and T8 (Figs. 1,2). Hemiterga simple, wide at basal cur\'e and tapering to a rounded apex in dorsal aspect (Fig. 2); hemiterga gently curved in lateral aspect and without a distinct ankle (Fig. 3); sensilla basiconica clustered near basal curve and at tip ofsclerotized part of hemiterga, and scattered along length of sofi inner margins. Femak.- Macropterous. Forewing length 1S-20 mm. Color pattern typically darker than male. Subgenital plate variable; general shape triangular with lateral margins rather straight and slanted to a variable hut often somewhat truncate apex (Fig. 4). Egg.- Length 0,36 mm, width 0,26 mm. Collar inconspi(;LiouSj nipple shaped and set on an obscure, thickened apical plate. General shape oval but collar end wider, tapering only slightly beyond the equator to a broadly rounded tip. Chorion without reticulation (Fig. 7). Larva.- pigment pattern striking with dark areas sharply defined. Head pattern dark between ocelli, expanded to lateral margins of antennal bases and forward along margins of fron s enclosing a mushroom shaped pale area forward of median ocellus (Fig. 6). Occiput, callosities, median base of labrum and antennal bases pale. Pronotum very dark around margins and along median suture enclosing a large bilobed pale area on disc (Fig. 6). Major proventricular bands anned with at least five irregular rows of acanthae throughout most of length; accessory bands short, less than half the length of major bands and armed with about three irregular rows of acanthae (Fig. 8). Distribution.- Eastern Palcarctic from Altai Mountains and Mongolia to Far East including Sakhalin (Fig. 56). [Iw Emltm fateiruii: Sjietife pf ^gnejinu {PljKnUm- Fdlidagj 5 Figs.l-Sr AgrteiiHii breviftennn: abdürtiiTial tip ül Ttiale: dorsal view (2), lateral view (I); lienaiiergLiti in lateral vievi (3); atnJuiriinal tip of femalL- (4J; bead and pronoluin of adult (5); head and proiiotum Df larv'9 (6J; egg (7); proventricular bands (8). SmpOE l ^ St, - 2: ;3hdnmjJia] tip ol" lemaJc (12); head and pj-unctiiin oT adult (1,1); hescf and pr0t50tjnn Of lana (14): eag (not of rhe saime ralio at oilier egg itrageAl (If); provertricjiar bands (16). 5COf nUA 56 - 2(»J Agnetina cocanäica (IV^CLACHT.A^) Fig. 17-23 Per la cacandicü McLachlan, 1875- Kokand, Uzbekistan, lectotype 9 [here designated] (Zoological InstiLute, Russian Academy nf Sciences, St. Petersburg). Agnedna cocandko'. KiAfALf-K, 1923, Phasganophoru Jindato KlapAlek., ) 921, Nukus, Uzbekistan, lectotype c? [desig, Zhiltzova, 1995] nov. syn, KamimuriacostKiata^^^wfk'i, 1923. syn. Zhiltzova, 1979. Male," Macropterous, Fore wing length 12-14 mm. General color pale brown, Head pale brown with slightly darker pigment over ocellar region and extending laterally slightly beyond ocelli (Fig. 21); oceiput and anterior region of frons with diffuse brown pigmentation, Pronotal pattern pale brovvT with indistinct rugosities. T5 produced into a rounded lobe overlapping T6 base; T6 produced into an emarginale lobe overlapping T7 base; T7 and TS with large mesal membrmious areas (Figs. 17,1 S); sensilla basi scon ica clustered on lobes of T5 and T6 but sparse or absent on membrane of T7 and TS. Doi^a! aspect of iieiniterga with a moderately lar^e carina at basai curve; hemiterga wide at basal curve, tapered to subapex and expanded slightly before tip {Fig. 18); in lateral aspect the hemiierga are slightly sinuate and bent near basai curve, with broadly rounded tip and no distinct ankle {Fig. 19). Sensilla basiconica clustered on he m i tergal apex and on carina of basal curve. Female.- Macropterous, Forewing length 16-19 min. Subgenital plate somewhat triangular with truncate apex overlapping base ofS9, Lateral and apical margins relatively straight (Fig. 20), Egg,- Length 0,37 mm, width 0,25 mm. Collars low button-like process. Outline iwal, widest at equator and only slightly narrowed towards poles (Figs, 22, 23), Chorion without reticulation. Larva," Unknown. Distribution.- Known from lowland reaches of large nvers of central Asia in Ui^bekistan, Kazakhstan. Turkmenistan and Mongolia (Fig. 56). Comments." Vlt LACnLAN (1875) includes females from Kokand and Sanaarkland in his type series, but only the Kokand specimen appears id have survived. We designate this surviving specimen in the Zoological Institute at St. Petersburg as lectotype. The lectotype, here designated in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent application, bears label information which identifies it as the "Isfraim (Kokan)" specimen of the Fedcenko material studied by M c Lach Ian. Kl apalek (1921) proposed Phasganophora uriiiata for male specimens from Nukus (Uzbekistan) and from Mongolia. Zhju^va {1995) designated a male from the former site as lectotype and found among a series of undetermined lowland Agnetina from Uzbekistan and Kasikhstan that A. mdata males from these sites were associated with . cocandica females and that these species were very similar in coloration. This forms the basis of the synonymy of these species; Kamimuria cosiulata was previously placed in the synonymy of P. undata by Zf?ilt?ova {1979). Tlw Ea-Stcm Faltsarclic- Spccies. af (Pkcopfirra: Pcrlidac) 23 Figü. 17-23: ^gnerma coeandica: ^bdninirial lip of male: dorsal view (18), iateraf view {!'?); hemiterguni in luttfal vk-iV (If); abdominal [ip of female and pronotum of adult (21); egg {22, 23). SLOPOLIA i(, - JtKhS Agnetina extrema (Navas) Figs. 24-31 Ttigopcrla extrema 1912. Eugenievka, Primorskiy Kray, Russia, lectotype tj fdesig, Zuiltzova, i 995] (Zoological Institute, Russian Acadc my of Sciences, St. Petersburg). Kamimuria sibirica klaralek, 1921. syn. Lqvamidüva and Zhiltzova, 1979, Kamimuria casralis Navas, 1923. syn. Ztiiltzova, 1979, Phcisganophorti brevtpenni^i: RauSpr, 1968, not N avas, 1912, not Kl apalrk, 1921. Agnedtia exireim: S r vre et a I., 198 S . Male.- Macfopterous. Forewing length 10-12 mn. Generül rolor brown Head patterned with dark brown to black pigment over ocelli and extending forward to M-line; area of dark pigment invaded with pa k pigment between posterior ocelli and bordered sharply with yellow on the sides (Fig. 28); occiput dusky brown, antennae and lappets brown. Pronotum dark but with a narrow median yellow band; rugosities dark, indistinct from background of disc [Fig, 2S). Wings brown with dark brown veins. Legs brown with femora darker in distal half and tarsi dark brown. Cereal bases pate brown but darker d i stal ly. Abdomen pale on venter an d sides, dark, on terga, T5 produced into a rounded lobe overlapping Tfi base; T6 produced into a distinctly bilobed process overlapping T 7 base, T7 and T8 with large mesal membranous areas (Figs. 24,25); sensilla bas i conic a patches on lobes of T5 and T6 and in membrane of T7 and TS, Hemiterga in dorsal aspect wide at basal curve with a low softer area offeet by a low carina; apical half ofhemiterga finger shaped (Fig. 25); in lateral aspect hemiterga are gently sinuate, curved forward from the base and with no distinct ankle (Fig, 26). Sens: IIa bas i con i ca are clustered at the tips and near the basal curve. Female.- Macropterous. Forewing length 15-16,5 mm. Subgenital plate variable whh margins irregularly rounded but with scalloping sometimes forming a slightly offset apical tab and with apex sometimes slightly notched (Fig. 27). Plate extends over base and anterior third of S9. Egg.- Length 0,40 mm, width 0,27 mm. Collar nipple shaped. General shape oval but with collar end wider, narrowing slightly beyond the equator to a broadly rounded tip (Fig. 30). Chorion w i th oiit ret] c u lat i on, Larva," Dark pigment pattern on head extends forward between posterior ocelli to median ocellus, laterally to antennal bases and along sides of fron s (Fig, 29); dark pattern encloses two lateral ova J pale areas near antennal bases and a large stalked mushroom shaped area forward of median ocellus which connects wid: a transverse pale area along anterior margin of fron s. Dusky pigment also occurs along occipital fringe and around compound eyes, Pronotal margins pale and median band dark. Major proventricular bands short and armed with 5-7 rows of acanthae, which are reduced to three rows near midlength and expanded to four near tip (Fig, 31); accessory bands with about three rows of acanthae and extending for at least half the length of the major bands. Distribution.- Central and eastern Russia from Krosnoyarsk and Mongolia and south of the River Vilyuy (tributary of Lena) to Amur and Pmnorskiy Kray. Questionably recorded from a female taken at Nyda (Obskaya Guba) (Fig. 56). Tilg Ejscgni Pjkarvlic SpeciM cfAgneiifui ); head and pTt>nüljni (if lari'a (37); egg (38); prove utricular hands (39). sojmirA 2<)Ü; Agnefma pedata (Koponfn) Figs, 40-47 Neophasganophorapedma Kokjmhn, ! 949, Yssyk Ku!, Kirghiratan, holotype c? (Helsinki Museum). Af^netsno dubia ZwtcK, 1984. Shut, Buchara, Uzbekistar, holotype ? {Zoological institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg} [repiacerrert name], syn. ruv, Agnetinapedata. Zwick., I'SS^ MaU'.- Macropterous. Forewing length 10-12 mm; body length 12,3-15 mm. General colorpafe brown, Head with darker pigjiient between hind ocelli and extending fori\'ard as a diffuse patch to M-iine; calluses and M-line distinct; ansa forward oI'M-linc darker [Fig. 44). Pronotum brown with scattered pale rugosities; midline dark but often with narrow pale pigment stripe invading dark band tbr much of length along midline, T 5 produced mto a rounded lobe overlapping T6 base; T6 produced into a notched lobe which approaches T7 base; T7 and T8 with large mesal membranous areas [Figs. 40,4]); sensilla basiconicaclustered on lobes ofT5 and T6, sparse or absent on T7 and T8, Dorsal aspect of hemittrga with slight carina extending forward from inner margins of basal curve forward, becoming less distinct but reaching inner margin forward of bas a i curve (Fig. 41); hemiterga gently siimate in lateral aspect but with a slightly angulate bend at basal curve; ankle m distinct (i" ig, 42). Sensilla basiconica clustered at h cmi tergal tip and dorsal ly at m id length. Ft'male.- Macroplerous. Forewing length 16-1 fi mm; body length 16-20mm. Subgenital plate very variable Margins of plate ronnded or almost truncate, .sometimes weakly notched (fig, 43), Central area of plate pale, margins usually brown, Egg.- Length 0J9 mm, width 0.27 mm. Collar mdistinct. outline oval but generally wider at collar end and tapering to a broadly rounded tip (Fig, 46), Chorion without reticulation, Larva." Dark pigment on head forward ofhmd ocelli along M-line and an tero late rally forward of M-line. Area between hind ocelli paler; occiput dark behind eyes (Fig, 45). Pronotum dark along midline and in central disc, but center of disc with several irregular large pale areas; lateral pronotal margins pale. Major pro ventricular bands wide at base and armed with about 8-10 acanthae rows but reduced quickly to 2-3 rows of larger acanthae for most of length, becoming wider with acanthtic rows near ends of bands; accessory bands more than half as long as major bands, wider at base with abovit 4 acanthae rows and reduced to a single row at apox (Fig. 47). Distribution.- Southern Kazakhstan and around Lake Yssysk Kol in Kirghizstan (Fig. 56), Comments,- Brink "s editorial comments in Koponhn's (1949) posthumous paper indicates the type specimen could not be located, Zwicjc (1984) states, based on this comment, that the type "is unfoitunately lost". However, the type has been relocated and although the abdominal tip is missing, one of us (LAZ) was able to associate topotype material with the holotype based on other characters. ZwiCK (19K4) proposed dubia as a rcplacemem name for ,4, btevipennis (Klwalek 192), not Navas 1912) after that species was transferred to the genus. Eggs extracted from tClapalek's holotype in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, arc consistent with those dissected from specimens of ,4. peJata, consequently we plate A. eJnbicJ as a junior synonym of that species. Tbc EaifiM-i Pak'-i^.icit Sfhxits of^^m'Jpwr (Pleorpierj- P-erlidiw) 42 44 43 45 ___ Figi. 40-47: Ag»eiina pedalu: ahdominal tip of male: dorsal view (41), lateral view (40); heinittrgun Iti [atsrai view (42); abdCKilinsI tip of female (43); htad and prunoliim ofaduU (44), head ard prurulum i)f lar^'a (45J; t-gg (4^); proveritriciilar bands (47), iCOPOLJ A Jü. 3Wi Af^nefitta senilis Klapälek. Figs, 48-55 Agnetifia venilis Klaj'Alhk., 1921, Mineralny Wody, Russia, lectotype 9 [desig. Zwick, 1984] (National Museum, Prague). Agnetina acutipemis KlapAlekl, I92I. syn. Zhiltzova, 1995. Agnetina semlis: Ziiiltzova, 1964, Agneiina senilii: 2 wick, 1984. Agnetina ^en His: Zm ltzova , 1995; in va 1 i d lectoty pe des i gn ation. Male," Macruprerous. Forewing length 9-10 mm. General color pale brown. Head pattern with dark pigment from suture, between ocelli and extending to distinct M-Iine; occiput mostly pale; area forward and lateral to M-line dark (Fig. 52). Pronotum relatively pale but with dusky brown along midline and diffusely scattered over disc; pale rugosities scattered on disc. T5 produced into a rounded i o be overlapping T6 base; T6 produced into a mesaKy notched or emarginate i obe which covers T7 base; T7 and TS with large mesa! membranous areas (Fig. 49); sensilia basiconica clustered oil lobes ofTS and T6, sparse or absent on T7 and TS; membrane of T7 and TS appearing wrinkled in lateral aspect (Fig, 4«), In dorsal aspect, hemiterga appear pale and finger-like witli a low, short carina on inner margins at basal cur\'e (Fig 49). In ventrolateral a^ipect the hemiterga are bent abruptly near basal curve and appear gently sinuate beyond the bend (Fig, 50); ankle indistinct; sensilU basiconica clustered at tip and t>n dorsal margm beyond basal curve. Femate.- Macropterous. Forewing length 19-20 mm. Subgenital plate variable. Plate outline irregularly tonnded to truncate and e?(.tending over base of S9. Dark pigment present on sides and base of plate but pale mesally to plate apex (Fig. 51). Egg,- Length 0,39 mm, width 0,27 mm. Collar low and relatively wide. Outline oval, widest rear equator and on collar end, tapering to a broadly rounded tip (Fig, 54). Chorion without reticulation. J-arva.- Head pattern dark between ocelli and extending forward to M-Jinc and laterally to antenna I bases; forward of M-line mostly pale; occiput pale (Fig. 53). Pronotum pale around lateral and posterior margins; area along midline with diffuse pale brown pignient; disc darker but with an irregular, large pale area within dark area. Majorproventriciilar bands with about 5-7 aeanthae rows at base, reduced to 1-2 rows at midlength and widened to rows at apex. Accessory bands about half as long as major bands and about five aeanthae rows wide at base, narrowing abruptly to 1-2 rows in basal fourth of band (Fig. 55). Distribution.- From Crimea (Ukraine) to Georgia through the foothills of the Caucasus to Rostov (Fig. 56). tht fjiictn pak'jitilii; spwi« nf .-fgngiom tpln-fi|»^ perlmai;) 49 51 52 -f^^-:.- -' .......* Fi^s. 4S-55; ÄgiKtina seuiUs- abdominal tip of male; dorsal view (49), lateral view (4S); hemitergum in laieral view (50); abdoiTiiiial lip of Temaie hcaJ ami pronolum ofaduli {52>; head ard pronotuin of lar\"a (53): cj^ [M]; pnovcrtriculai hands (55), StOTOLlA it - ?)W5 Keys to Eastern Palearctic Agnetina The following keys to adults antl larvae of Agnelina are quite preliminary due, in part, to the faded condition of much of the material. As fresh specimens become available it may be necessary 10 revise the couplets that are based on coJor pattern and doubtlessly new and more obvious characters may be developed. Vlalcs 1. Brachypterous ..................................................................................................................................2 Macropterous ...................................................................................................................................4 2. T5 notched; hemiterga shon, wide and bent near tip on dorsolateral margin (Figs. 10,11)......................................................................................................................cadaverosa T5 rounded; hemiterga longer and sinuate or smoothly curved on dorsolateral margin (Fig. 3)......................................................................................................................................3 3. Hem herga angled on ventrolateral margin and sinuate along dorsolateral margin (Figs. 33,34)..........................................................................................................immersa Hemiterga evenly curved along both margins in lateral aspect (Fig. 3).................hrevipennis 4. Hemiterga sinuate akin g ventrolateral and dorsolateral margim (Fig. 26); pronotum dark brown with a pale median band......................................................... axiremu Hemiterga distinctly angulate along ventrolateral or dorsolateral margins (Fig, 18); pronotum rather pale, with or without a dark, median band ....................................h 5 5. Pronotu m w i th d ark p i gment ban ds on e i ther sideofinediansuture........................................ 6 Pronotum pale along median suture; dorsal aspect of hemiterga with a prominent carina at basal curve (Fig, 18)................................................................... cocandica 6. Dark pigment on head extends behind posterior ocell i onto occiput; hemiterga angulate on dorsolateral margin near midiength (Fig. 41) ..............................pedata Dark pigment on head not extending through ocelli to occiput; hemiterga angulate on ventrolateral margin near mid length (Fig. 50)................................................seniiis Ft^males 1, Pronotum with a pale background, numerous dark rugosities and a narrow dusky brown midline (Figs. 13,36)................................................................................................. 2 Pronotal pigment partem not as described above (Figs, 28,5,44, 52) ......................................3 2 Fore wing length at leaptera: PerJidtie)