UVODNIK
Na največkrat dobronamerno izrečen »Dobrodošli doma!« bomo v pričujočem vse­
binskem sklopu poskušali pogledati s tako imenovanimi »povratniškimi očali«. »Do­
brodošli doma!« se bo tako skozi debelo steklo »povratniških očal« zaključil z bolj 
zavitim ločilom: »Dobrodošli doma?«.
Prispevki v tematskem sklopu so rezultat raziskave o reintegraciji izseljencev in 
njihovih potomcev (v nadaljevanju povratniki), ki so se vrnili v Slovenijo po letu 1990. 
Raziskava, ki jo  je  v letih 2003 in 2004 izvajal Inštitut za slovensko izseljenstvo ZRC  
SAZU  je  bila del širše zastavljenega Ciljno raziskovalnega projekta (CRP) z naslovom 
Percepcije slovenske integracijske politike, ta pa je potekal v okviru programa Konku­
renčnost Slovenije 2001-2006. CRP sta financirali Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve RS  
in Ministrstvo za šolstvo, znanost in šport RS. Glavni nosilec tega dvoletnega projekta 
(1. 10. 2002 -  30. 9. 2004) je  bil Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja (Miran Komac).
Študija o reintegraciji povratnikov je  bila usmerjena v evidentiranje in proučeva­
nje težav, s katerimi se ti soočajo. Cilj raziskave je  bil, odkriti (sistemske) vzroke teh 
težav in razdelati predloge za njihovo reševanje oziroma odpravljanje. Drugo področje 
oziroma cilj raziskave pa je  bila predstavitev nekega širšega odnosa slovenske države 
do povratnikov in njihovih potomcev.
Začetna strategija projekta je  vključevala le povratnike iz Argentine. Sprva je 
bila sestavljena anketa z vprašanji, ki so pokrivala zelo različna področja in vsebine 
(stanovanja, delo, socialni stiki, izobraževanje idr.). S pomočjo društev Slovenija v 
svetu in Rafaelova družba je  bila anketa poslana na 124 naslov, vrnjenih pa je  bilo 33 
izpolnjenih anket. Sledila je  kvalitativna nadgradnja, dodatna vprašanja pri posamez­
nikih, ki so v anketi navedli tudi svoje podatke in izkazali pripravljenost za nadaljnje 
sodelovanje. Tako je  bilo opravljenih še 15 »intervjujev«, večinoma po elektronski 
pošti. Anketne odgovore in »intervjuje« v prispevku Vračanje Slovencev iz Argentine 
analizira Marina Lukšič-Hacin. A avtorica ne ostaja le pri »hladni« analizi; odgovore, 
težave, dvoumnosti idr. razpira v širši kontekst obravnavanih problemskih sklopov in 
pri tem ponuja tudi tako imenovane »rešitve«.
Raziskava, sprva omejena samo na povratnike iz Argentine, je  bila kasneje raz­
širjena tudi na povratnike iz drugih držav. Toda nabor naslovov slednjih je  bil še 
skromnejši v primerjavi z naborom naslovov povratnikov iz Argentine, kljub temu da
Dve domovini • Two Homelands 20 • 2004, 9-10
Jernej M lekuž
je  pri sestavljanju nabora oziroma razpošiljanju anket poleg že »sodelujočih« društev 
sodelovalo tudi društvo Slovenska izseljenska matica. Skupno je bilo razposlanih 34 
anket, vrnjenih pa je  bilo 14 izpolnjenih anket. V okviru raziskave o povratnikih iz 
drugih držav je  bilo opravljenih tudi 13 globinskih intervjujev. To gradivo v prispevku 
»Dobrodošli doma?« Vračanje slovenskih izseljencev v Republiko Slovenijo interpretira 
Kristina Toplak. Uporabljeno gradivo postavi v primerjalni kontekst drugih »povrat- 
niških« študij, opravljenih »doma« in v tujini.
Vzporedno z navedenim je bila narejena tudi raziskava o tem, kako Republika 
Slovenija s svojimi institucijami zakonsko in normativno ureja področja ter rešuje 
konkretne težave, s katerimi se soočajo povratniki in njihovi družinski člani, in kako 
se v raznih smernicah, izhodiščih ali konkretnih akcijah opredeljuje do tega fenomena. 
Za ta namen je  bilo opravljenih več pogovorov s predstavniki različnih državnih teles, 
pregledana je  bila zakonodaja, ki se tako ali drugače dotika povratnikov, pregledanega 
je  bilo tudi veliko raznega gradiva različnih državnih institucij, ki se nanaša na pov­
ratnike, itd. O tem v prispevku z naslovom Odnos Republike Slovenije do vračanja 
slovenskih izseljencev in njihovih potomcev piše Jernej Mlekuž.
Upamo, da boste bralci ob branju prispevkov iz tematskega sklopa uvideli, da 
trajno nošenje »povratniških očal« ne spreminja le ločil, ampak ima realne, življenjske 
posledice.
Jernej Mlekuž
10
INTRODUCTION
In the present subject matter we will try to look at the mostly goodwillingly uttered 
“Welcome home!” with the so-called “remigration spectacles”. Thus, “Welcome home!” 
will through the thick glass o f “remigration spectacles” conclude with a more curved 
punctuation mark: “Welcome home?”
The contributions to the subject matter are a result of a research on reintegration 
of emigrants and their descendants (in vontinuation returnees), returned to Slovenia 
after the year 1990 that was in the years 2003 and 2004 carried out by the Inštitut za 
slovensko izseljensko ZRC SAZU. The research was part of a widely conceived Target 
research project titled Perception o f  Slovene integration policy that was in course within 
the programme Competitiveness o f  Slovenia 2001-2006. The Target research project 
was financed by the Ministry o f  internal affairs o f  the Republic o f  Slovenia and the 
Ministry o f  education, science and sports o f  the Republic o f  Slovenia. The principal 
holder ofthis two-year project (1. 10.2002-30.9.2004) was the Inštitut za narodnostna 
vprašanja (Miran Komac).
The study on reintegration of returnees was focused on recording and researching 
difficulties returnees meet with. The goal of the research was to detect (system) causes 
of those difficulties and classify suggestions for their solving or annulling. Another 
field or aim o f the research was a presentation of a broader attitude of the Slovene state 
towards returnees and their descendants.
The initial strategy of the project included only returnees from Argentina. At first 
a questionnaire was drafted, which covered variegated fields and contents (lodgings, 
work, social contacts, education, and other). With the help o f the societies Slovenija v 
svetu and the Rafaelova družba, the questionaire was sent to 124 addresses; 33 com­
pleted were returned. A qualitative superstructure followed, additional questions with 
individuals who stated in the questionaire their data and demonstrated willingness for 
further cooperation. Thus, additional 15 “interviews” were carried out, mainly by e-mail. 
In her contribution Vračanje Slovencev iz Argentine (The returning of Slovenes from 
Argentina), Marina Lukšič Hacin analyses the questionaire answers and interviews. The 
author does not remain by mere “cold” analysis; she unfolds the answers, difficulties, 
ambiguities and other into a wider context of the studied subject matter and offers the 
so-called “solutions”.
Dve domovini •  Two Homelands 20 • 2004, 11-12
Jernej M lekuž
The research, in its beginning limited to returnees from Argentina only was later 
expanded on returnees from other countries. However, the enlistment of addresses of the 
latter was even more limited in comparison with the list o f addresses o f returnees from 
Argentina, despite the fact that in composing the list and distributing the questionaire, 
the society Slovenska izseljenska matica cooperated as well beside the alreday “coop­
erating” societies. Altogether, 34 questionaires were sent out and 14 completed were 
returned. Within the research on returnees from other states, 13 profundity interviews 
were carried out. Kristina Toplak interprets the mentioned material in her contribution 
“Welcome home?” The returning o f  Slovene emigrants to the Republic o f  Slovenia. She 
sets the applied material in a comparative context with other “returnee” studies carried 
out “at home” and abroad.
In parallel with the alleged, a research was carried out on how the Republic of 
Slovenia thogether with its institutions, legally and normatively regulates the mentioned 
issues and solves concrete difficulties returnees and their family members meet with, 
and how the state defines itself towards the phenomena in various guidelines or concrete 
actions. Several discussions were for that purpose carried out with representatives of 
different state bodies, surveyed was the legislation in any way concerning returnees, 
etc. This is the theme of the contribution by Jernej Mlekuž The relation o f  the Republic 
o f  Slovenia towards the returning o f  Slovene emigrants and their descendants.
We hope the readers will -  by reading these contributions -  realize that permanent 
wearing of “returnee spectacles” not only changes punctuation marks but has realistic 
consequences on life.
Jernej Mlekuž
12