Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006) Elena SERRANO GARCIA, Ph.D. Senior Archivist, Banco de Espana, C/ Alcala, 48, 28014 Madrid (Spain) e-mail: elena.serrano@bde.es Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006) ABSTRACT The Banco de Espana, founded in 1782, has had several headquarters in Madrid. Additionally it has had offices in up to 70 cities in Spain and 6 foreign locations. As a result, the Bank has used a considerable number of buildings throughout its history. The institution's Archive preserves many of these buildings' plans in a collection that has recently undergone a major treatment project. After a documental and bibliographical analysis, 2000 singularly valuable architecture plans were selected to be the object of the project tasks: organization, description, restoration, installation and digitalization. To facilitate access to the fond, the Banco de Espana Historical Archive has defined a specific access policy for the fond's documents and has planned several dissemination activities to publish the collection and promote the use of the treated documents for research, academic and cultural purposes. Key words: architecture, plans, buildings, access, dissemination Piano di disseminazione del patrimonio documentale: il progetto del piano architettonico della Banca di Spagna (1858-2006) SINTESI La Banca di Spagna, fondata nel 1782, ha avuto svariate sedi a Madrid. Inoltre, ha avuto uffici in piu di 70 citta spagnole e 6 sedi estere. Come risultato, la Banca ha usato un numero considerevole di edifici durante la propria storia. L'archivio dell'istituto conserva molti di questi piani architettonici in una collezione che e stata recentemente sottoposta a un grande progetto di cura. Dopo un'analisi documentale e bibliografica, 2000 sin-goli importanti piani architettonici sono stati selezionati per divenire oggetto di un lavoro progettuale: organiz-zazione, descrizione, restauro, installazione e digitalizzazione. Per facilitare l'accesso al fondo, TArchivio storico della Banca di Spagna ha definito una politica di accesso per i documenti del fondo ed ha progettato svariate attivita di disseminazione per pubblicizzare la collezione e promuovere l'utilizzo dei documenti a fini di ricerca, accademici e culturali. Parole chiave: architettura, piani, edifici, accesso, disseminazione Načrt razširjanja dokumentarne dediščine: projekt Arhitekturni načrti Banco de Espana (1858-2006) IZV^LEČEK Banco de Espana, ki je bila ustanovljena leta 1782, je imela več sedežev v Madridu. Poleg tega je imela sedeže v 70 mestih v Španiji in 6 v tujini. Tako je banka v vsej svoji zgodovini uporablja veliko število stavb. V njihovem arhivu je tako v posebni zbirki ohranjenih veliko načrtov teh objektov, ki so jih pred kratkim vključili v večji projekt obdelave. Po dokumentacijski in bibliografski analizi so za projekt, ki zajema organizacijo, popis, restavracijo, namestitev in digitalizacijo, izbrali 2000 posameznih dragocenih arhitekturnih načrtov. Za olajšanje dostopa do fonda, je Zgodovinski arhiv Banco de Espana opredelil posebno politiko dostopa do gradiva in izdelal načrt razširjanja in objavljanja zbirke. Prav tako so izdelali načrt za spodbujanje uporabe obdelanih dokumentov za raziskovalne, akademske in kulturne namene. Ključne besede: arhitektura, načrti, zgradbe, dostop, razširjanje Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 1 Background information The Banco de Espana was originally the Banco de San Carlos, founded by royal initiative of King Carlos III on June 2, 1782. It was created to provide financial support to the State, this being one of the main factors that, in the long run, caused its decline. Indeed, in 1829, the Treasury Minister, Lopez Ballesteros, proposed to the Bank that it waive the sum of almost 310 million owed by the Government in exchange for 40 million reales. With this proposal, the second chapter of the Bank's life began, now renamed Banco de San Fernando (Tedde de Lorca, 1988; tedde de Lorca, 1999). From that moment on, the uninterrupted history of this Bank started, and in 1856 it adopted its definitive denomination of Banco de Espana. Throughout its history, the Banco de Espana and its predecessors have occupied four different locations in Madrid as their headquarters: the Palace of Monistrol, owned by the Count of Sastago, in Calle de la Luna (1782-1825); a building in Calle de la Montera (1825-1847); the Palace of the Five Major Guilds, in Calle de Atocha 15, (1847-1891), acquired by the Bank of San Fernando when it merged with the Banco de Isabel II; and the current location, built by the Bank in Calle de Alcala 48. The latter is made up of four different buildings constructed at four different times: the first, between 1883 and 1891, with Eduardo de Adaro as its main architect; the second, between 1929 and 1936, by Jose Yarnoz Larrosa; the third, between 1969 and 1975, the work of Juan de Zavala Lafora and Javier Yarnoz Orcoyen; the last building opened in 2005 and was designed by the architect Rafael Moneo Valles (Navascues Palacio, 1982 or Navascues Palacio, 2015). Moreover, due to the need for more space, the Banco de Espana has acquired to two ancillary buildings. In 1877, the palace known as the House of Valmaseda was acquired, in Calle de Atocha 32, from the marquis of Riscal and was abandoned in 1891 when the current building was opened. Another ancillary headquarter, currently operating, was built between 1983 and 1992 in Calle de Alcala 522, by the architects Ramon Vazquez Molezun and Jose Antonio Corrales. To sum up, with this description of the buildings and headquarters in Madrid, we want to emphasize the fact that the Banco de Espana and its predecessors in the capital have carried out their activities in nine different buildings, five of which are still being used1. As regards the documentary heritage preserved in the Archive of the Banco de Espana for all these buildings, we have to point that, very revealingly, the number of plans that have been preserved is very unequal. No plans whatsover have been preserved for the first three headquarters, and there are major conservation gaps in relation to the current headquarters2. With regard to the latter, some of the main projects never reached the Archives, and neither did many of the plans and drawings of an auxiliary nature whose existence is on record. Nevertheless, some of the detailed drawings of auxiliary elements of great technical and structural complexity have in fact been preserved, evidencing the richness that must have characterized all the drawings that have been lost. As regards the control and degree of knowledge of the plans that have been preserved, we can say that before implementing the project we are about to explain, the plans had not been numbered or catalogued, and there were just general mentions about them in the inventories. On the other hand, their state of conservation reflected normal wear and tear. In 1858, the first two branches were opened in the cities of Valencia and Alicante. From 1874, when the Banco de Espana was granted the monopoly on issuing banknotes for the whole country, a network of branches was gradually established throughout the national territory. A hundred years later, a total of 70 branches had been set up, the last of these in 1957, in the Spanish city of Ceuta, in Africa. Soon after, in 1978, the process of closing down branches started, and has continued until 2011. As a result, only fifteen branches remain open today. Additionally, in 1902 three agencies were opened 1. This number does not include a series of offices located in the surroundings of the Banco de Espana headquarters, used provisionally from 1950 until 1992 due to a lack of space in the Bank's main building. 2. We do not have the draft plans drawn by Eduardo de Adaro and Severiano Sainz de la Lastra, approved by the Bank's Board in April 1883, or the final project approved in December of that year. We have also lost the stakeout projects commissioned after the purchase of the plots adjacent to the Congregation of San Fermin de los Navarros in 1886 and the Marquises of Larios and Retortillo in 1887 (see Navascues Palacio, 1982, pp. 104-109 or Serrano Garcia 2015, pp. 4047). Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 in Tangiers, Larache and Tetouan, and in 1920 a further three in European territory (Paris, London and Berlin), all of which were closed down between 1960 and 1968 (Serrano Garcia, 2015, p. 40). The vast majority of the branches and agencies changed buildings several times. However, before carrying out the project we are now presenting, their exact locations and periods of use were unknown. Some of the plans and buildings had been identified, but there was a considerable lack of clarity of information and dates, as well as a lack of accounting for and cataloguing of buildings. As regards their state of conservation, the documents, like those from Madrid, had suffered normalwear and tear. 2 Action plan for the documents with heritage value. The project for the treatment of the architectural plans In 2007 the Banco de Espana wanted to go one step further in the knowledge, conservation and dissemination of its historical heritage by approving an internal regulation. We are referring to the Internal Circular 5/2007 (2007) on R^egulatory standards for the historic and artistic property of Banco de Espana, and to the Ordinance 13/2007, of 20 July, implementing Internal Circular 5/2007, on Regulatory standards for the historic and artistic property of Banco de Espana. In compliance with the regulation, a series of measures were adopted, with the objective of delving deeper into our knowledge and identification of the documents of greatest "cultural, artistic or historic significance and relevance" (Internal Circular5/2007, second regulation) and implementing a series of actions to promote their improvement, control, conservation and dissemination. In compliance with the regulation, since 2007, different actions have been carried out in relation to groups of documents and collections from the Archive considered of high interest. The first project in which the improvement measures established by the regulation were applied was the treatment project for the architecture plans of the Banco de Espana (Serrano Garcia, 2015, pp. 41-47). The project was implemented in two stages, differentiated and separated in time, the content of which will be explained throughout this article: the first stage, completed between 2009 and 2010, dealt with the identification, selection, cataloguing, and enhancement of the storage and preservation conditions, as well as with digitalization. The second stage concluded between 2014 and 2015, and focused on the publication and dissemination of the work performed. As we have already pointed out, in 2009, at the start of our project, we found ourselves with a set of plans, an estimated 10,000, dispersed in various sections and series of the Archive. In light of the material to be treated, the following situation was detected: • Lack of knowledge about the documents which were the subject of the project: drafts and projects of new buildings where it was unknown whether they had finally been completed; plans of houses offered for sale or rent where we did not know which had been used; major remodeling proposals that we thought had been carried out but where this was not the case; as well as sketches, numerous copies and dozens of minor changes. • Documentary wealth evident from a historical, artistic and documentary point of view, since the analysis gave a glimpse of the history of the buildings of Banco de Espana, over a period of almost 150 years (the oldest plan found dates from 1858 and the most recent from 2006). • Insufficient storage conditions: folded and fragmented plans, fragile supports, inadequate preservation materials and cabinets. • Lack of control, since the plans lacked cataloguing and unique numbering, with only generic mentions in the inventories. Following analysis of the plans, which, on first approach, already revealed an unequal value, two main issues stood out as priorities to be undertaken during the project: a. Many of the plans had "an undoubted cultural, artistic or historic relevance and significance" (Internal Circular5/2007, second regulation), a requirement to form part of the documentary heritage, which made it essential to apply selection criteria. b. It was necessary to gain deeper knowledge of the preserved plans and of the history of the buildings of the Banco de Espana in order to be able to establish the selection criteria and apply the corrective measures established by the internal regulation. Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 Following the analysis, the actions listed below were defined: Identification and selection. Organization and description. Restoration. Storage. Digitalization. 2.1 Identification and selection In order to identify existing buildings, we thought it essential to increase our knowledge of the different buildings that had been used, especially with regard to the territorial organization of branches and agencies, where knowledge was significantly lacking. We also wanted to know whether the buildings had been rented or owned, and whether the building projects were new or adaptation and renovation projects. The research was based on the study of the Archive's documentation (basically the minutes of the Board and the Construction and Branches Commissions, as well as the construction and facilities records), and on bibliographies, journals and the press. The research was systematic and thorough, which was essential for subsequent work. As a result of this research, we have found the different locations of each branch and agency, which add up to no less than 191 buildings for 76 branches and agencies, from 1858 to the present time. If we add to this figure the nine buildings used in Madrid since 1782, we can say that the Banco de Espana has used a total of 200 buildings throughout its history of over 230 years (see Tab. 1). Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 Tab.1: List of Banco de Espana buildings LOCATION □ATE OF ESTABLISH MENT STREET TYPE OF BUILDING 1782 Luna Remodelling 1826 Montera Remodelling 1847 Atocha, 15 Remodelling 1877 Atocha, 32 Remodelling Madrid 1891 Alcala. 48 (Paseo del Prado) New site 1936 Alcala, 48 (1' ampliadbn Alcalä) New site 1976 Alcalä, 48 (2^ ampliaciön) New site 1992 Alcalä, 522 New site 2006 Alcalä, 48 (edificio cierre) New site 1887 Tinte, 50 LInkown Albacete 1894 Salamanca, 16 Remodelling 1936 Martinez Viltena, 21 New site Alcoy 1884 Santa Elena, 4 Unkown 1928 La porta New site Algeciras 1904 SaQasta, 10 Unkown 1930 Regino Martinez, 16Y1S Remodelling 1858 Amerigo con Princesa Unkown Alicante 1885 Victoria, 2 Remodelling 1947 Mendez Nürnez, 7 New site 1884 Principe Alfonso, 39 Unkown Almeria 1904 Plaza Circular (luego Emilio Perez) New site 1956 Plaza Circular New site Antequera 1930 OvelaryCid, 10y12 Remodelling 1886 Plaza del Alcäzar, 16 Unkown Avila 1891 San Segundo, 19-21 Remodelling 1930 Plaza de Calvo Sotelo, 1 New site 1880 Arco-Agüero, 10 Remodelling Badajoz 1918 Plaza de la Soledad, 9 New site 1985 Antonio Masa Campos, 22 New site 1874 Anctia, 2 Unkown Barcelona 1892 Rambia de Santa Monica, 27 Remodelling 1932 Via Layetana New site 1955 Plaza de Cataluüa New site Berlin 1903 Oficina Delegacion de Hacienda Unkown 1874 Casa de los Sres. Pelayo y Palme Unkown Bilbao 1875 Bidebarrieta, 12 Remodelling 1885 Matad^ro, luego Banco de Espana New site 1923 Gran Via Lopez de Maro, 10 New site 1884 Plaza de Alonso Martinez, 1 Unkown BurgoE 1900 Paseo de la Isla New site 1958 Victoria, 34-38 New site Cabra 1929 Martin Belda, 23 y 25 Remodelling 1884 Solana, 12 Unkowi Caceres 1906 San Pedro, 15 New site 1959 Nuestra Senora de Quadalupe New site Cadiz 1874 Calvario, 4, luego Antonio Lopez Unkown 1983 Plaza de la Constituciön New site Calatayud 1932 Plaza de Joaquin Costa, 15 New site 1887 Plaza del Rey. 12 Remodelling Cartagena 1891 San Francisco, 5 Unkown 1900 Puerta de Murcia, s/n Unkown 1961 Plaza de San Francisco New site Castellon 1886 Plaza de la Paz, 2 Unkown 1949 Plaza de la Paz, 2 New site LOCATIOtf DATE OF ESTABLISH MENT STREET TYPE OF BUILDING Ceula 1957 Plaza del General Garcia Valino New site 1BB4 Toledo, 24 Unkown Ciudad Real 1904 Plaza del Pilar, n» 3 New site 1966 Plaza de Espana, 15 New site Cordoba 1879 Puerta del Osario, 12 Unkown 1939 Avenida de! Gran Capitän New site 1887 Calderon de la Barca, SS al 39 Unkown Cuenca 1896 Madereros, 60 Unkown 1925 Parque de Canalejas (San Julian) New site Don Benito 1928 Villanueva, 41 Remodelling 1948 Plaza de la Repüblica, 15 y IE New site Ferro 1 1946 Plaza de Esparia, n" 2 Unkown 1949 Plaza de Espana New site 1884 San Francisco, 9 Unkown Gerona 1902 Plaza del Marques de Camps, 13 New site 1980 Avenida 20 de Junio, n° 2 New site 1884 Trinidad, 33 Unkown Gijon 1891 Instituto, 27 Unkown 1894 Instituto, 13 Remodelling 1960 JovellanoE, 14 New site 1879 San Arton, 39 Unkown Granada 1887 San Arton, 38 Remodelling 1942 Gran Via de Colon, 16 New site Guadalajara 1886 Plaza de Santa Maria, 1 Unkown 1934 Plaza de don Diego Garcia New site Haro 1892 Pardo. 1 Remodelling 1924 Plaza de San Agustin New site 1884 Ricos, 25 Unkown Huelva 1891 Sevilla, 34 Unkown 1941 Plaza de la Constitucion New site 1884 Coso Alto, 55 Remodelling Huesca 1903 Coso Aho, 16 New site 1988 Martinez de Velasco Unkown 1884 Juego de la Pelota, 9, luego Juan de Unkown Jaen 1960 Juan de Montilla, 9 New site 1988 Paseo de la Estadon, 57 New site JStiva 1929 Plaza delAlmudin, 19 Remodelling 1958 General Primo de Rivera New site Jerez de la 1876 Larga, 26 Unkown Frontera 1907 Plaza de Eguiiaz New site La Coruna 1874 RiegodelAgua, 37 Unkown 1926 Duran Longa, 16 New site Larache 1920 Mel-hao Unkown 1961 Generallsimo, 10 New site 1889 Plaza de Santa fms, 7 Unkown Las Palnnas 1897 Balcones, 11 Remodelling 1962 Leon y Castillo, 4-8 New site 1886 Plaza Mayor, 26 Unkown Leon 1890 Plazuela del Conde, 4 Unkown 1903 Bayön, 4 New site 1960 Ordono II New site Lerida 1886 Fernando, 20 Remodelling 1939 Blondel. 23 New site Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 LOCATION DATE OF ESTABLISH MENT STREET TYPE OF BUILDING 1892 General Echague, 6 Unkown Linares 1904 Castillos, 2 Remodelling 1950 Jose Antonio, 66 New Site 1885 Mayor, 8 Unkown Logrofto 1908 Breton de los Herreros. n° 33 New Site 1959 General Vara del Rey New Site Londes 1902 Oficina Delegacion de Hacienda tJnkown 1886 Progreso, 6 Unkown Lugo 1902 Emilie Castelar, 4 New Site 1965 Generalisimo Franco (Emilio Castele New Site Malaga 1874 Alameda Hermosa, 7 Unkown 1936 Cervantes, 3 New Site Melilla 1913 Santa Barbara Remodelling 1943 Plaza de Espana, 2 New Site 1884 Saavedra Fajardo Unkown Murcia 1887 Plaza de Celina Unkown 1895 Plaza de Monassot New site 1929 Gran Via Escultor Francisco SalziUo New site Orense 1886 Progreso, 75 Unkown 1930 Vicente Perez New Site 1874 Campomanes, 13 Unkown Oviedo 1923 Suärez de la Riva New Site 1982 Conde de Toreno New Site 1884 Mayor, 8 y 10 Unkown Palencia 1903 Cestilla, 8 New Site 1961 Generalisimo Franco, antes Cestilla New site Palma de 1874 Plaza de Santa Eulalia Unkown Mallorca 1880 San Bartolome y de Escursach New Site 1874 San Ignacio, 4 Unkown Pamplona 1892 San Ignacio, 2 Remodelling 1927 Sarasate o Valencia New Site 1886 Plaza del Teucro, 5 Unkown PorTtevedra 1893 Riestra, 37y38 Unkown 1903 Michelena, 29 New Site Paris 1902 Oficina Delegaciön de Hacienda Unkown Reus 1878 Santa Ana, 40 Unkown 1904 Santa Ana, 59 New Site Salamanca 1884 Herreros o del Toro, 21 Unkown 1942 Zamora, 20 New Site 1874 Trinidad, 28 Unkown San Sebastian [1884] Garibay, 26 New Site 1941 Garibay, 26, 28 y 30 New site Santander 1875 Velasco, 3 Unkown 1929 Alfonso Mil, 2 New site Santiago de Compostela 1886 Casas Reales Unkown 1918 Plaza de la Universidad Unkown 1949 Plaza de Platerias New Site LOCATION DATE OF ESTABLISH HCNT STREET TYPE OF BUILDING 1886 PlazLiela de San Facundo, 8 Unkowti Segovia 1S97 Solar de los Huertos New Site 1952 Cronista IWefonso Rodrigiiaz, 1 y 3 New Site Sevilla 1875 Eslrella Unkown 1923 Plaza de San Fnarclsco, 17 New Site Süria 1887 Plaia del Conde de Gomara, 3 Unkown 1936 Plaza de la Republica (plaza de San New site Talavera 1929 Sol, 14v16 Unkown 1949 Camicerfas New Site Tanger 1909 Legacifin de Espafla Unkown 1943 Belgica, 7 y S New Site 1873 Smith, e Unkown Tarraflona 1887 Apodaca, 3 Unkown 1929 San Juan New site 1837 Manna. 9 Unkown Tenertfe 1895 Castillo, 77 Unkown 1932 Viera y Clavijo, 25 New site 1887 Paz,4 Remodelling Teruel 1897 San Juan. 34 Unkown 1936 Plaza de Emilio Castelar New site Tetuär 1920 Plaza de Alfonso XIII Unkown 1950 Plaza de MuleyelMeM New Site 1S34 Plazuela de San MIcaläs, 4 Unkown Toledo 1892 Cadenas, 18 Remodelling 1954 Nueva. 16 New Site Tonosa 1903 San lldelonso Unkown 1937 Cervantes. 13-17 New site VaUepefias 1928 Pintor Mendoza, 32 Unkown 1947 Seis dejunk), 27y29 New site 1858 Yerba, 5 Remodelling Vafencia 1860 Plaza de la Congregaciön, 3 Remodelling 1918 Barcas, 6 New site 1874 Duque de la Vtctofia, 14 Unkown ValSadolld 1879 Duque de la Victoria, 23 New site 1958 Duque de la Victoria, 23 New site Vigo 1885 Ar«ial,66 Unkown 1943 Poücapo Sanz, 15 New Site 1874 Plaza Nueva, 4 Unkown Vitoria 183Q Prado, 9 Unkown 1920 CLiesta del Tea^o, 4 New Site 1884 Plaza del Salvador, 54 Unkown Zamora 1929 Santa Clara, 1 Remodelling 1935 Plaza de San Fernando, 6 New Site Zaragoza 1874 Cosa, 67 Unkown 1935 Plaza de la Constituclön, 3 New Site Following the documentary analysis and bibliographical research, we established the selection criteria for the plans that were to be part of the documentary heritage of the Banco de Espana, as follows: Basic projects and plans for buildings used by the main headquarters, branches and agencies, at any point in its history (both rented and owned), either built before they were used by the Banco de Espana or commissioned by the Bank itself. The selection criteria included any major remodeling projects involving a substantial modification to the inside or the outside of the buildings. The establishment of these criteria has meant the exclusion of plans that may be of great historical and documentary interest, such as building and remodeling projects not carried out and even plans of houses offered for sale or rent which were never purchased or rented. Although these constitute an Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 important documentary source for the history of architecture and urban planning, their treatment has been postponed, and will be the subject of a future project. To sum up this phase, we can say that, from the initial set of approximately 10,000 dispersed and poorly identified plans, we have selected 2,000, to which we have attributed heritage value. This subset has been subjected to all the actions stipulated by the aforementioned 2007 regulation. 2.2 Organization and description After studying the preserved material and identifying the buildings we wished to locate, we embarked on the organizational and descriptive phase. In order to properly store the plans, which came from diverse sections and series of the Archive, it was decided to create a section or factitious collection - the plans section - that grouped together all the selected plans, regardless of their section of origin. Thus, the Plans Section comprises documents of diverse origins. One of the key elements when defining and implementing the project was maintaining the principle of provenance through the establishment of a procedure of cross-references that includes both the descriptive computer logs and the physical documents, with diverse annotations and physical references. In the given organization, the plans section has been classified functionally in two main subgroups: plans for Madrid and plans for branches. In turn, the "plans for Madrid" subsection has been divided into as many parts as there are existing buildings, plus a division for remodeling works. In every subdivision, the projects and plans are classified chronologically. The "plans for branches" subsection has been divided into as many branches and agencies as have existed, and also classified chronologically in each subdivision. The archival description of the selected projects and plans is based on the General International Standard Archival Description ISAD (G), which facilitates understanding by users thanks to the multilevel description technique used and standardization. It has been deemed necessary to use several levels of description- Section, Subsection, Series, File and Item-, with the appropriate information in each level so that users can appreciate their potential interest. Each project and each plan are given a unique reference number within the collection, which enables their unique identification. The outcome of this work has been downloaded into a specific IT application for the description and control of the documents of heritage value, denominated PDN (Patrimonio Documental y Nu-mismatico), common to all the heritage documents of the Banco de Espana. In addition to the title of each plan, the PDN application automatically assigns to each catalogued unit a unique identifying number. This number is sequential and is assigned to all the heritage documents, regardless of their origin, and facilitates control by the external auditing firm. 2.3 Restoration, storage and digitalization The deficient state of conservation of the plans was due to intrinsic factors (the nature of the materials themselves), anthropogenic factors (deriving from use and handling, made worse by their large size and the characteristics of the containers) and biotic factors (due to attacks from insects and microorganisms). The combined action of these factors has caused damages such as: yellowing and brittleness of the support due to its high degree of acidity, superficial dirt and stains, wrinkles and folds that caused weakness in the folded areas and fracture of the cellulose fibers, vulnerability because of the inadequate size of the folders, cracks and tears, losses of support, pigmentation and weakness due to microbiological attacks on the fabric plans. In addition, use of the documents by researchers has further damaged the plans which were already in a critical state of conservation. Before digitalization of the plans by an external company specialized in restoring documents on paper, all the plans were subjected to the following actions: superficial cleaning and removal of external elements (staples, clips, tape^) treatment of humidity stains, hydration, dimensional stabilization or smoothing, elimination of second supports, reparation of cracks and reintegration of supports, lamination and chromatic reintegration (see Figure 1). Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 The same company was asked to produce made-to-measure conservation folders for the projects and plans, of specific materials matching the characteristics of each support. Finally, to guarantee correct preservation, metallic shelves designed according to the size of the plan collection were manufactured. They are made of steel and aluminum, protected with an antioxidant treatment and coated with a chemically inert fireproof paint. The shelves incorporate a ventilation system that allows for air renovation inside the fitment. Image 1: Elevator draw before and after the restoration The plans were digitalized by an external company specialized in the digital reproduction of large-sized historical cartographic material. Zenithal scanners were used to preserve the original plans and minimize incidents. The scanning process produced a master copy in TIFF format with a resolution of600 dpi. Two files, in TIFF and XML formats, were generated from the master copy. The TIFF files contain the images and the XML file the images' corresponding metadata (technical, descriptive and preservation data). Furthermore, two JPEG files (300 dpi) were generated from the master copy, the first image at 100% size and 100% quality of the original, also including the image's colour card. The second, at 100% the size and 70% the quality of the original, includes a watermark and is intended for use in research work. These files are associated to XML files with their corresponding metadata. Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 The TIFF and JPEG files were delivered in two hard disks and uploaded to external servers. The scanned images were linked to the corresponding catalogue logs in the PDN application. The hard disks are kept inside secured lockers under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. They are periodically inspected and all data migrated to new computing equipment at stipulated deadlines. With these tasks, we concluded the treatment project which lasted 18 months overall. 3 Access policy Buildings used or built by the Banco de Espana in Madrid and its local and international branches have always attracted interest among the general public and the academic community. All the buildings are intentionally located in well-connected business areas, easy to protect and with a smooth traffic flow. The Bank's main headquarters in Madrid '"is the oldest and most complete central bank building in Europe, the first designed with this purpose, integrally conserved and still in use nowadays' (Na-vascues Palacio, 2015, p. 20). The buildings of the branch offices', which are solid and monumental, have become essential elements of the local urban landscape and are still "truly remarkable buildings that have enriched the history of Spanish architecture and contributed to the civic strength of our cities" (Navascues Palacio, 2015, p. 27). We mention this point to stress the great demand for information and documents regarding the Bank's buildings. The project we have just described would make no sense if it did not have the objective of making the information available to those interested in it, and to the general public. From the start, dissemination was considered the ultimate and fundamental objective of the whole project. The aim of promoting and improving accessibility has made us review the access policy for this specific series, since it is obviously impossible to give unlimited universal access to every piece of information contained in the plans. The right of access and its limits are regulated under current European and Spanish laws. The Spanish Constitution, in Article 105 (b), provides for the citizens' right to have "access to administrative files and records, except to the extent that they may concern the security and defense of the State, the investigation of crimes and the privacy of persons". Also applicable are the restrictions of access in Law 16/1985 on the Historical Heritage of Spain, in Article 57 (a) which establishes free access to documents, once they have been processed and deposited and registered in the central archives of the corresponding public institutions "unless they affect classified material pursuant to the Official Secrets Act or should be made available publicly by virtue of the Law, or if the dissemination of their contents entails risks for the security and defense of the State or the investigation of crimes". More recently, the right to access and its limitations has been further developed in Law 19/2013, of 9 December, on transparency, access to public information and good governance. Article 12 of this Law defines the right of all persons to access public information, in the terms set out by the Spanish Constitution. The limits are established in Article 14, which stipulates that "the right of access may be limited when accessing the information undermines: a) national security, b) defense f^J, d) public safety, e) the prevention, investigation and punishment of unlawful criminal, administrative o disciplinary acts". The information contained in the plans of the buildings not only refers to their outer appearance, but also to their foundations, structures, materials and layout. The architectural plans provide detailed information on how the buildings have been constructed, and therefore, pursuant to the law, accessing all the information contained in the plans entails accessing information which could be misused and could, hypothetically, affect the security of the buildings. In the study on the accessibility to the Plans Collection, the specific content of the preserved plans has led us to distinguish between two types essential for defining the access policy: plans belonging to the existing buildings, and plans belonging to buildings that have already disappeared. In the case of the plans for existing buildings, and in application of the regulations on access and its limitations, especially said Law 19/2013, the access policy of the Banco de Espana Archive establishes the general limitation of access to any plans which may reveal information relating to the security of the buildings, naturally subject to sufficient justification of said limits, as the aforementioned Law provides for in its Article 14: "The application of the limits will be justified and in proportion to its object and purpose of protection and it will take into account the circumstances of each specific case, especially the Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 existence of an overriding public or private interest to justifies access". This limitation affects both the plans of the buildings belonging to the Banco de Espana and those that currently have other owners. In fact, the Banco de Espana has ownership, and therefore use, only of the central headquarters, the ancillary building in Madrid and the fifteen branches that are still operational, having sold the other buildings that it owned. It is therefore considered that the plans of the existing buildings are fully active documents, regardless of their historical nature. The exceptions to this general rule of access to the plans are applicable only to the current owners of the buildings, who have an unlimited right of access, if they provide proof of ownership. The second set of plans, that of buildings that have already disappeared, are historical and inactive documents, and thus, access to them logically lacks any limitations except for those arising from the preservation policy itself. Therefore, anyone interested in accessing them can freely do so, provided that they meets the requirements of the Historical Archive of the Banco de Espana. We would like to mention in this section another fundamental aspect related to access, that of the use of digital images. The digitalization of documents achieves the double objective of preservation and dissemination, but should not entail an absence of control over the images and their use. The right of access implies, naturally, access to images. Moreover, the preservation policy favours access to digital images instead of to the originals, unless there is a justified interest in the study of the physical elements of the documents themselves that the digital images cannot provide. To adequately control the images made available to those interested in them, the Archive of the Banco de Espana has established a protocol of requirements that the applicant, duly identified, undertakes to fulfil: to state the objective and the exact use to be made of the images, to undertake not put them to any use other than that authorized and to not share or modify the images; to refer to the exact publication or media for which they are required and to undertake not to use them for commercial purposes. The Archive provides medium and high-resolution images for study purposes, by applying the corresponding fee. 4 Dissemination policy The documents serve, above all, to disseminate information. All the processes that are generated would not make sense if, at the end of them, the documents were not disseminated. (Martin Suquia, 2013). As we have been pointing out throughout the text, the plans of the Banco de Espana buildings have been and are still the subject of great general interest. After completing the data processing project, the Banco de Espana Archive has sought to define a policy of active dissemination to foster general and global knowledge of the preserved materials and promote their use, thus achieving its function as an information dissemination service. The dissemination policy has entailed the establishment of a combination of actions mainly directed at two groups of users: internal (those services in charge of the maintenance of the Banco de Espana buildings) and external (researchers in general). These actions are explained below: a. Creating a data base that integrates the international standard structure of archival description (ISAG (G)) and incorporates the multilevel description, allowing users to understand, in an autonomous way, the whole and its parts. The images can be accessed from the application itself. The data base characteristic that contributes the most to dissemination is the incorporation of modules for online enquiry that will soon allow, through profile definition of users, internal consultation by the Bank's maintenance service and access to external researchers. The integration of enquiry modules is clearly a very important aspect of the dissemination policy that, additionally, leads to lower global costs and an improvement of the service as the intermediation of Archive professionals in the enquiries themselves is minimized. We mention here that, in order to achieve this, a major effort has been required to regulate the description and draft a list of authorities under the parameters of the international rules ISAAR (CPF). b. Informational triptych presentations, prepared in 2010, whose objective is to give a brief overview of the content of the collection and awaken the interest of possible researchers. They are distributed in archives and libraries, especially at universities, and at any meetings or professional congresses attended. Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 c. Monographic publications. At the end of 2015, an edition was prepared of the book titled Pianos historicos de los edificios del Banco de Espana. Madrid y sucursales (Serrano Garcia, 2015). The edition, comprising 260 pages and structured into two main chapters -one on the Madrid buildings and the other on the branches-, incorporates 250 images representing a selection of the most significant items of the collection. The images are accompanied by descriptions and explanations that allow us to understand the historical context of each plan. The edition has been enormously enriched by the inclusion of a study by Professor Pedro Navascues Palacio, one of the best historians of Spanish architecture that allows us to fully understand the importance of the published plans, inserting them incomparably in the historic-artistic Spanish and European context. A printed edition has been widely distributed at relevant cultural institutions, as well as in libraries and national, provincial and municipal archives and university libraries, mostly those specializing in the subjects that we believe may be of greater interest to them, such as architectural, historic and art history studies. The digital edition includes the added possibility of enlarging the images and their details, which, given their beauty, was something we wanted to emphasize. It has been uploaded on the Banco de Espana website and sent to the same distribution list as that of the printed version, to make the collection as widely known as possible. This edition has the added value of being the first publication to cover the whole collection (until now, generally unknown) and one that will no doubt mark a turning point in future studies based on the wealth of documentation preserved in the Archive of^ the Banco de Espana. d. The dissemination of this collection of plans is going to contribute to such an extent to deepening knowledge of the Banco de Espana, as well as to architecture, art and urban planning, that the Archive of the Banco de Espana is preparing an exhibition for 2017, where the originals of materials unpublished to date will be displayed. This exhibition is expected to enhance dissemination of archive material, and show the public the beauty of these originals, which would not otherwise be displayed. 5 Result of dissemination Although only some of the planned dissemination objectives have been implemented, the results are nevertheless very interesting. The service provided by the Archive internally has improved substantially thanks to our selection, description and digitalization work. When there are requests for the basic construction or remodeling projects, of which the Bank's own construction and facilities service often has no record, the Archive can deal with such requests quickly and efficiently thanks to the work done, and can also instantly provide digitalized images, immensely speeding up the response time of the service. Even in critical circumstances requiring urgent, unplanned revisions or changes, the documentary service provided by the Archive has been very efficient. Along the same lines, numerous requests are dealt with from the current owners of the transferred buildings who, when undertaking structural of remodeling work, request the blueprint for the construction project, which they receive in digital format. Likewise, the external dissemination actions to date are already yielding the first, satisfactory results. These actions are attracting the interest of sectors who were not familiar with the Banco de Espana's artistic and historical heritage, for example, that of art and architectural historians in the architectural plans of the Banco de Espana, which offer possibilities to carry out research on buildings, architects and architectural styles. The dissemination of information has undoubtedly increased demand and, currently, several research projects are being considered as a result of the dissemination actions carried out. 6 Conclusions We can assert that the project for the architectural plans of the Archive of the Banco de Espana has brought about clear improvements in several aspects and will continue to do so in the future: a. Knowledge of the history of the buildings used by the Banco de Espana has been substantially improved, by identifying each building and the dates they were occupied, as well as other highly relevant information (whether they were owned or rented, the names of the owner, architects, etc.). In this respect, it is important to emphasize that this knowledge also applies to the plans and projects that existed but have not been preserved. Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 b. Improved control of existing documentation, thanks to having located the plans of the identified buildings and to having standardised descriptions. c. Improved conservation conditions of historical documentation, thanks to restoration and improved storage facilities and, indirectly, to digitalization, which has meant a decrease in the need to consult the originals. d. Improved security of access, thanks to defining an access policy for the collection of plans, which is, in turn, a consequence of the improvements in knowledge, control, identification and description. e. Improved service provided by the Archive, due to the improvement in the sources of information and autonomy given to users, thanks to the incorporation of a functional classification and to the standardization of the description. f. Improved dissemination due to online access to descriptions and images, to publications such as books and brochures, and to the marketing strategy as well as to the future exhibitions planned. ^e Archive of the Banco de Espana provides a service dedicated to the conservation, treatment and dissemination of its documentary heritage. As such, the project for the treatment of Banco de Espana's architectural plans has led to a considerable improvement in the state of the description, control and conservation of a series that is in great demand and of intrinsic historical interest. The sources of information have clearly been improved. ^e effort and investment made are already paying off, with improved knowledge, conservation and service. Likewise, a policy of access has been defined, which allows the establishment of action protocols that contribute to safe dissemination and speed of the service. For our internal management procedures, the project brings the added value of having created a model that has been replicated - and improved upon - in the case of other documents with heritage value. References Constitucion Espanola (1978). Boleti'n Oficial del Estado, no. 311. Internal Circular 5/2007 (2007) on E^egulatory standards for the historic and artistic property of Banco de Espana. Banco de Espana. ISAD (G): General international standard Archival Description (2000). 2nd ed. Ottawa: International Council on Archives. Available at http://www.mecd.gob.es/cultura-mecd/areas-cultura/archivos/recursos-profesionales/ normas-archivisticas.html (accessed on 28.04.2016). Ley 16/1985, de 25 de junio, del Patrimonio Historico Espanol (1985). Boleti'n Oficial del Estado, no. 155. Ley 19/2013, de 9 de c^iciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la informacionpublicay buen gobierno (2013). Boleti'n Oficial del Estado, no. 295 Martin Suqui'a, Ramon (2013), Politicas de difusion en los servicios de archivo en los comienzos del siglo XXI: per-spectivas. Available at: http://www.euskonews.com/0234zbk/gaia23406es.html (accessed on 24.04.2016). Navascues Palacio, P. (1982). El Banco de Espana en Madrid. Genesis de un edificio. In: El Banco de Espana. Dos siglos de historia. 1782-1982, pp. 91-129. Madrid. Navascues Palacio, P. (2015). Arquitectura del Banco de Espana. In: Serrano Garcia, E. (eds), Planos Historicos de los E^ificios del Banco de Espana. Madrid y Sucursales, pp. 11-38. Madrid : Ediciones El Viso. Ordinance 13/2007, of 20 July, implementing Internal Circular 5/2007, on R^egulatory standards for the historic and artistic property of Banco de Espana. Banco de Espana. Serrano Garcia, E. (ed.), (2015). Planos Historicos de los edificios del Banco de Espana. Madrid y Sucursales. Madrid : Ediciones El Viso. Serrano Garcia, E. (2015). La Coleccion de Planos. In: Planos Historicos de los Edificios del Banco de Espana. Madrid y Sucursales, pp. 40-47. Madrid : Ediciones El Viso. Tedde de Lorca, Pedro (1988). El Banco de San Carlos (1782-1829), 1st ed., Madrid : Alianza Editorial. Tedde de Lorca, Pedro (1999). El Banco de San Fernando (1829-1856), 1st ed., Madrid : Alianza Editorial. Elena SERRANO GARCfA: Dissemination Plan of the Documentary Heritage: The Banco de Espana Architecture Plan Project (1858-2006), 233-245 SUMMARY The Bank of Spain - whose origin comes from the Banco de San Carlos - was stablished on July 2nd 1782 in Madrid. It has had several headquarters in the city, but the present building is the only one commissioned by the institution. Additionally, the Bank started a geographical expansion policy in 1858 that grew after it received the exclusive privilege of bank notes emission in 1874, and continued until 1957 when it opened the Ceu-ta office to reach a maximum of 70 locations in Spain. Besides the national offices, international agencies where stablished in 1902 in London, Paris and Berlin, and three more offices where opened in 1920 in the North African cities of Tangier, Larache and Tetouan. The Banco de Espana's Historica Archive guards a significant number of plans from the buildings used by the Bank in the different national and international locations throughout its history. The publication in 2007 of an internal regulation about safekeeping and preservation of the institution's document heritage was the starting point a project involving treatment of the architecture plans collection whose objectives were to achieve a deeper knowledge of the guarded plans, to improve the preservation conditions and to facilitate information diffusion through the definition of an access policy. The project, developed between 2009 and 2010, started with the study of the preserved documents, as a base for later work. To manage the considerable volume of plans in the collections (an estimation of over 10,000 documents) and the unequal interest of the pieces, 2,000 plans were selected, including basic projects and remodelling projects for all offices and agencies throughout the Bank's history. Once this selection was finished, works of organization, description, restoration, installation and digitalization were started. To favour the use of the treated material in the archive a diffusion plan was designed. It includes online users' self-access to descriptions and images, publishing of materials with different reach, and exhibitions showing a collection of the most representative plans guarded. Additionally, the Archive has defined a specific access policy affecting the fond that guarantees both buildings' safety and service efficiency and effectiveness. Typology: 1.02 Review Article Submitting date: 29.01.2016 Acceptance date: 20.02.2016