ZDRAVJE DELOVNO AKTIVNIH IN STAREJŠIH ODRASLIH HEALTH OF WORKING-AGE AND OLDER ADULTS Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo Book of Abstracts Edited by Ana Petelin Uredniški odbor Založbe Univerze na Primorskem Gregor Pobežin, UP Fakulteta za humanistične študije Ana Grdović Gnip, UP Fakulteta za management Vito Vitrih, UP FAMNIT in UP IAM Silva Bratož, UP Pedagoška fakulteta Simon Kerma, UP FTŠ – Turistica Ana Petelin, UP Fakulteta za vede o zdravstvu Janko Gravner, University of California Davis Krstivoje Špijunović, Učiteljski fakultet Užice Miloš Zelenka, Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích in Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre Jonatan Vinkler, Založba Univerze na Primorskem Alen Ježovnik, Založba Univerze na Primorskem zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih health of working-age and older adults Organizator Univerza na Primorskem ■ Fakulteta za vede o zdravju Università del Litorale ■ Facoltà di scienze del a salute University of Primorska ■ Faculty of Health Sciences Partnerja konference 7. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca Sponzorji z mednarodno udeležbo 7th scientific and professional international conference Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo Book of Abstracts zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Health of Working-Age and Older Adults 7. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca z mednarodno udeležbo 7th scientific and professional international conference Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo Book of Abstracts Vsebina Contents 9 Uvodne misli Preface 13 Vabljeni predavatelji Invited lecturers 19 Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures 25 Konferenčni povzetki Conference abstracts 25 Sekcija/Section Duševno zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Mental health of working-age and older adults 41 Sekcija/Section Izzivi na področju ergonomije, gibalne (ne)aktivnosti in sedentarnega vedenja delovno aktivnih in starejših odrasli Challenges in human factors, physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviour among working-age and older adults 59 Sekcija/Section Prehrana in zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Nutrition and health of working-age and older adults 83 Sekcija/Section Preventiva in rehabilitacija delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Prevention and rehabilitation for working-age and older adults 113 Sekcija/Section Problemi, izzivi in priložnosti na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Concerns, chal enges and opportunities in the health of working-age and older adults 151 Sekcija/Section Uporaba IKT rešitev na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ICT solutions for health of working-age and older adults 165 Posterji dults Poster presentations lder a nd o ge a rking-ao f w ealth o draslih | h tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 8 Uvodne misli Preface Zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Fakulteta za vede o zdravju v letu 2024 organizira že sedmo letno konferenco v ciklu letnih konferenc s področja zdravja različnih starostnih skupin, tokrat prvič zdru- žujemo dve starostni skupini pod skupno temo »Zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih«. Konferenca je namenjena izmenjavi mnenj, izsledkov raziskav in izkušenj strokovnjakov s področja zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih. V publikaciji in na sami konfe-dults renci celostno obravnavamo zdravje z vidika telesne aktivnosti, prehrane, psihosoci-alnega blagostanja ter uporabe sodobnih tehnoloških rešitev. Objavljeni povzetki polder a dajajo vpogled v ključne probleme, izzive in priložnosti na področju zdravja delovno nd o aktivnih in starejših odraslih, z osredotočenostjo na kronične bolezni, zdravje margi-naliziranih skupin ter specifične potrebe žensk in moških. Obravnavana so tudi vpraša-ge a nja duševnega zdravja, vpliv prehrane na zdravje ter uporaba sodobnih informacijskih tehnologij za izboljšanje dostopa do zdravstvenih storitev. Prispevki izpostavljajo izzi-rking-ao ve ergonomije, gibalne (ne)aktivnosti in sedentarnega vedenja ter predstavljajo rešitve f w za preventivo in rehabilitacijo, ki prispevajo k boljši kakovosti življenja in telesni zmogljivosti. ealth o Zahvaljujemo se vsem predavateljem in udeležencem, ki s svojimi prispevki bogatijo to | h pomembno srečanje, in želimo, da konferenca prinese nova spoznanja ter usmeritve za nadaljnje delo na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih. Naj bo to draslih korak naprej k bolj zdravemu in kakovostnemu življenju vseh nas. tarejših o Ana Petelin in Darjan Smajla, n s Programski odbor konference ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 10 Health of Working-Age and Older Adults In 2024, the Faculty of Health Sciences is organising the seventh annual conference in the cycle of annual conferences in the field of health of different age groups. This time, for the first time, we are bringing together two age groups under the common theme “Health of working-age and older adults”. The purpose of the conference is to share opinions, research findings and experiences of experts in the field of health of professionals and older adults. In the publication and at the conference itself, health is discussed comprehensively in terms of physical ac-reface tivity, nutrition, psychosocial wel -being and the use of modern technological solutions. The published summaries provide an insight into the key issues, chal enges and oppor-isli | p tunities for the health of working and older adults, with a focus on chronic diseases, the dne m health of marginalised groups and the specific needs of women and men. Mental health uvo issues, the impact of nutrition on health and the use of modern information technologies to improve access to health services are also discussed. The contributions present the chal enges of ergonomics, physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviour and present solutions for prevention and rehabilitation that contribute to a better quality of life and physical performance. We thank all speakers and participants for enriching this important conference with their contributions and hope that the conference will provide new insights and directions for further work in the field of working-age population and older adults. May this be a step forward towards better health and quality of life for us al . Ana Petelin and Darjan Smajla Conference Programme Committee 11 Vabljeni predavatelji Invited lecturers D avid G. Behm je eden največjih svetovnih strokovnjakov na področju znanosti o človeškem gibanju in športu. Svojo akademsko pot je začel na Univerzi v Ottawi, kjer je leta 1979 diplomiral iz telesne vzgoje, leta 1980 pa iz pedagogike. Leta 1990 je zaključil magisterij na področju biodinamike človeka. Leta 1997 pa je na Univerzi McGill v Montrealu v Quebecu pridobil doktorat iz znanosti o rehabilitaciji. Zaposlen je bil na Dawson Col ege, Montreal, Quebec (1991-1995) in Univerzi Regina, Saskatchewan (1985-1988). Na Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) je leta 1995 začel kot docent in leta 2000 napredoval v izrednega profesorja, leta 2004 pa postal redni profesor. Od leta 2008 do 2014 je bil prodekan za po-diplomski študij in raziskave. Od leta 2015 pa ima naziv uni-verzitetnega raziskovalnega profesorja. Prof. dr. Behm je v svoji karieri prejel številna priznanja in nagrade, kar kaže na njegovo predanost razi-skovanju in poučevanju. David G. Behm is one of the world’s top experts in human movement and sport sciences. He embarked on his academic journey at the University of Ottawa, where he dults earned a Bachelor of Physical Education in 1979 and a Bachelor of Education in 1980. He completed a Master of Science in Human Biodynamics in 1990, in 1997 he achieved lder a his Doctor of Philosophy in Rehabilitation Science from McGill University, Montreal nd o Quebec. His academic career includes several ful -time positions, beginning as a Lec-ge a turer at Dawson Col ege, Montreal, Quebec (1991-1995), and at the University of Regina, Saskatchewan (1985-1988). His tenure at Memorial University of Newfoundland rking-a (MUN) has been extensive, starting as an Assistant Professor in 1995 and progress-o ing to Associate Professor in 2000 and in 2004 he became a Professor at MUN and f w later served as the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research from 2008 to 2014. Since 2015, he has held the prestigious title of University Research Professor. ealth o Throughout his career, prof. dr. Behm has been recognized with numerous appoint-ments and awards, reflecting his dedication to research and teaching. draslih | h tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 14 B rankica Rimac did her PhD in Sociology at the Croatian Catholic University in Zagreb; Values, Identity and social changes in Croatian society with the topic: Spirituality and life satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases. She worked at KBC Zagreb in the Clinic for rheumatic diseases and rehabilitation. She was a head nurse - assistant director for nursing KBC Zagreb and was also a manager for the service for joint medical and nonmedical affairs. She has held a number of positions in civil society in the Republic of Croatia: president of HUMS for two terms, external member of the Gender Equality Committee of the Par-liament of the Republic of Croatia. Vice-president of EFN for two terms. She received awards; Honorary Fel owship, Royal Col ege of Nursing, United Kingdom, International Human Rights and Nursing Award, University of Surrey, Great Britain, and the honourable member of the Nurses and Midwives Association of Slovenia, Nurses and Midwives Association of Slovenia, Slovenia. She teaches at Libertas International University, for physiotherapists and at the School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, as part of the nursing degree programme. She publishes professions al and scientific articles, book chapters and gives numerous lectures at national and turer international nursing events. ec l Brankica Rimac je doktorirala je iz študijskega programa Sociologija: Vrednote, identiteta in socialne spremembe v hrvaški družbi na Hrvatskem katoliškem sveučiliš- tu v Zagrebu, z disertacijo z naslovom: Duhovnost i zadovoljstvo životom bolesnika s ji | invited kroničnim bolestimaje. Delala je v KBC Zagreb na Kliniki za revmatske bolezni in re-avatel habilitacijo, kjer je bila glavna medicinska sestra - pomočnica direktorja za zdravst-red veno. Poleg tega je bila tudi vodja službe za skupne medicinske in nemedicinske za-i p deve. Zasedala je številne funkcije v civilni družbi Republike Hrvaške, med drugim je bila predsednica Hrvatskog udruženja medicinskih sestara (HUMS) v dveh manda-vabljen tih ter zunanja članica Odbora za enakost spolov pri Saboru Republike Hrvaške. Prav tako je bila podpredsednica Evropske federacije medicinskih sester (EFN) v dveh man-datih. Za svoje delo je prejela številne nagrade, med njimi: naziv Honorary Fel owship, podeljen s strani Royal Col ege of Nursing v Združenem kraljestvu, Mednarodno na-grado za človekove pravice in medicinsko nego, podeljeno na Univerzi v Surreyju, Velika Britanija ter naziv častne članice Zbornice zdravstvene in babiške nege slovenije – Zveza strokovnih društev medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije. Brankica Rimac poučuje fizioterapevte na Libertas International University ter zdravstveno nego na dodiplomskem študiju Medicinske fakultete Univerze v Zagrebu. Aktivno objavlja strokovne in znanstvene članke ter poglavja v knjigah, poleg tega pa redno predava na nacionalnih in mednarodnih dogodkih s področja zdravstvene nege. 15 A leksandra Mišan je leta 1996 na Fakulteti za naravoslovje in matematiko Univerze v Novem Sadu di- plomirala iz kemije, leta 2001 pa na isti univerzi ma-gistrirala in leta 2009 doktorirala iz biokemije. Na začetku svoje kariere (1997-2000) je Aleksandra delala kot asistent-ka za kemijo in biokemijo na Fakulteti za kmetijstvo in na Fakulteti za tehnologijo Univerze v Novem Sadu. Med letoma 2000 in 2007 je bila zaposlena na Tehnološki fakulteti, Inštitutu za tehnologijo mesa, kot namestnica koordinator-ja na oddelku za HPLC in AAS v Laboratoriju za preskušanje živil in krme. Od januarja 2007 pa dela kot raziskoval-ka na Inštitutu za živilsko tehnologijo v Novem Sadu. Poleg znanstvenega dela je Aleksandra med letoma 2007 in 2011 delala kot koordinatorka Oddelka za instrumentalno ke-mijsko analizo v akreditiranem laboratoriju za preskušanje živil in krme na inštitutu. Strokovno se ukvarja s kemijo živil s posebnim poudarkom na kromatografskih metodah (HPLC in GC), naravnih antioksidantih, funkcionalnih živi-lih, oksidacijskih procesih in ocenjevanju roka uporabnosti. Aleksandra je članica različnih znanstvenih združenj in recenzentka več znanstvenih revij ter avtorica ali soavto-dults rica več kot 60 objav v recenziranih znanstvenih revijah. Aleksandra Mišan obtained bachelor’s degree in Chemistry from the Faculty of Science lder a and Mathematics, University of Novi Sad in 1996; MSc and PhD titles in Biochemis-nd o try from the same University in 2001and 2009, respectively. At the beginning of her ge a carrier (1997-2000), Aleksandra worked as a teaching assistant of Chemistry and Bi-ochemistry at the Faculty of Agriculture and at the Faculty of Technology, University rking-a of Novi Sad. From 2000 to 2007 she worked at the Faculty of Technology, Institute of o Meat Technology as a vice-coordinator of HPLC and AAS departments of the Labo-f w ratory for Food and Feed Testing. Starting from January 2007, Aleksandra works as a researcher at the Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad. Apart from her scientif-ealth o ic work, from 2007 to 2011, Aleksandra worked as a coordinator of the Department of Instrumental Chemical Analysis of the accredited Laboratory for Food and Feed Testing of the Institute. Professional y, Aleksandra is interested in food chemistry with draslih | h special emphasis on chromatographic methods (HPLC and GC), natural antioxidants, functional foods, oxidative processes and shelf-life estimation. Aleksandra is a member of various scientific societies and reviewer of several scientific journals and author tarejših o or co-author of more than 60 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. n s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 16 S nježana Schuster je izredna profesorica in višja znanstvena sodelavka na zagrebški Univerzi za zdravstvene vede na katedri za Fizioterapijo ter na Fakulteti za ki-neziologijo na katedri za Medicino športa in vadbe v Zagrebu na Hrvaškem. Predava na področju fizioterapije, pri čemer se osredotoča predvsem na področje zdravja žensk in žensk v športu. Specializirana je za področje obvladovanja bolečine med nosečnostjo, porodom in po porodu. Ma-gistrirala je iz področja fizioterapije in arheologije. Njeno znanstveno-raziskovalno delo obsega področja bioantro-pologije, humane paleopatologije in eksperimentalne fizioterapije. Za svoje znanstvenoraziskovalno delo je prejela več evropskih štipendij. Je tudi članica delovne skupine Europe Region World Physiotherapy, delovna skupina Education & Research Matters. Snježana Schuster is Associate Professor and Senior Research Associate at the University of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, and at the Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine in Zagreb, Croatia. s She teaches theory and practise of physiotherapy, physiotherapy for women’s health and women in sports. She specialises in pain management during pregnancy, childbirth turerec and the postpartum period. She has a Master’s degree in both physiotherapy and ar-l chaeology. She conducts scientific research in the fields of bioanthropology, human palaeopathology and experimental physiotherapy. She has been awarded with several schoolarships (EU) for her work in science and research. She is a member of the ji | invited Europe Region World Physiotherapy, working group Education & Research Matters. avatel redi p vabljen 17 Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures Alternatives to Stretching: Flexibility and Health Strategies for Seniors David G Behm School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of Newfoundland Stretching has traditional y been the primary means for increasing range or motion (ROM). With society’s rapidly growing ageing population, restricted flexibility due to ageing and lack of activity is a major problem contributing to musculoskeletal health-related concerns. It is important to provide a variety of strategies to enhance flexibility and strength, decrease the incidence of musculotendinous injuries as well as improve the performance of activities of daily living and not just sports performance. Recent research reported that all types of resistance training, except calisthenics can also increase ROM. Another tool to enhance flexibility is foam rol ing. Whereas an acute foam rol ing session can increase ROM for more than 60-minutes, foam rol ing training can provide large ROM increases when performed for more than 4-weeks. Unlike the performance impairments found with prolonged static stretching, foam rolling training does not induce significant performance deficits. Local vibration devices are another recent development to increase ROM and enhance performance. Instrument Assisted dults Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) is similar to manual massage or foam rol ing as it involves placing pressure on the tissues using metal tools that conform to specific body lder a areas. Improved ROM with a single IASTM session has been reported fol owing durations of 2- and 5-minutes, with improvements sustained for 45 minutes. IASTM train-nd o ing studies of 3-6 weeks duration have also reported ROM improvements with no re-ge a ports of performance decrements. Floss bands are typical y applied tight enough to restrict blood flow. A single floss band treatment provides small to moderate magni-rking-ao tude increases in ROM, jumping, and strength performance. In summary, there are di-f w verse strategies to improve flexibility and strength that can enhance musculoskeletal health in an ageing population. ealth o| h draslih tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 20 Spirituality as a source of strength in dealing with chronic diseases Brankica Rimac Libertas međunarodno sveučilište, Zagreb Introduction: What does an overview of the origin, meaning and use of the term ‘spirituality’ bring, from a historical-systemic point of view? These linguistic considerations open up the need to thematize and reflect on the anthropological aspect of spirituality: under the reasonable assumption that only man has spirituality, it is necessary to say what fol ows from that for its correct understanding. The inevitable finitude of the human being, its vulnerability (of which il ness is one of the eminent expressions) and final y mortality come to the fore. However, society changes over time, it is historical, so it is necessary to explore at least some of the most important theoretical approaches to its understanding as elaborated by contemporary sociology. of the key signs of modernity, is usual y cited in the literature as the main feature of our modernity. Content presentation: The concept of spirituality was original y related to the Christian religious context, but gradual y in the last few decades it separated from that context precisely due to the process of secularization. In the concept of modernity, secularization and postmodernity, we warn of places that point to spirituality as a possible goal towards which a (post)modern individual more or less consciously strives. It has been ectures shown in all the referenced theories that the withdrawal of religion leaves a void that y l confronts the individual with the question of the meaning of his own existence and lenar with spirituality as a possible practical answer to that question. Spirituality should be comprehensively presented, with special attention to its meaning and importance in ja | p medical care in general and for patients with chronic diseases in particular. This is then fol owed by a presentation of research objectives and methods; this work is not pure-redavan ly theoretical in nature, but aims to ‘record’ the state of affairs in relation to medical p care for patients with chronic diseases and to understand the importance of spiritual-rna ity in their lives, i.e. its relationship with life satisfaction and its role in maintaining the plena quality of life under chronic disease conditions. Conclusions: Spirituality concerns, first of al , general y religiously, man’s relationship with a higher being, that is, with the sphere of the holy and divine. Spirituality also refers to a special quality of life that permeates the entire human being. So, that it integrates all its dimensions, going beyond only the physiological and psychological taken separately. Final y, spirituality also expresses man’s need to give and receive love, to keep hope and trust, to find the meaning of life and its difficult moments (accidents, il ness, death) on a personal way of life with the goal of self-realization and life satisfaction. It is evident from everything that the concept of spirituality is neutral with regard to faith in God - it neither necessarily includes it, nor excludes it, it depends on life contexts and existential determinations of people. Keywords: spirituality, chronic diseases, health, patient 21 Enhancing Metabolic Health: Exploring the Role of Plant-Based Bioactives Aleksandra Mišan, Anamarija Mandić, Nemanja Teslić, Milica Pojić, Alena Stupar Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS), defined as a combination of central obesity, glucose intolerance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, and related comorbidities, poses substantial healthcare challenges among older individuals. Methods: A considerable amount of research conducted at the Institute of Food Technology has focused on formulating cereal-based products for individuals with MS. Three strategic directions have been explored: changing the base recipe, adding “functional ingredients,” and valorizing fruit and vegetable by-products rich in bioactives. Results: We have demonstrated that the use of buckwheat flour instead of wheat flour can significantly enhance the functionality of cereal-based products by increasing the content of dietary fibers and flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin, through a dietetic and a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention studies. In addition to, we proved that pomace, a juice production by-product, when added to cookies, pos-dults itively affects cardiovascular risk factors and liver function indicators in healthy women volunteers. lder a Discussion and conclusions: A significant group of secondary biomolecules consists of nd o plant polyphenols, which are found abundantly in vegetables, fruits, cocoa beans, tea, ge a and herbal medicine. These molecules possess various beneficial properties that can ameliorate metabolic syndrome, such as anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects. Unfortunately, large quantities of plant polyphenols rking-ao are wasted. Our research group is currently working on finding “green” and sustain-f w able solutions for valorizing these compounds from byproducts and waste streams. Acknowledgment: This work is a part of a bilateral project between Slovenia and Ser-ealth o| h bia: “Sustainable food for healthy future”, 2023-2025. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, plant phenolics, cereal based products, “green” ex-draslih tracts tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 22 „Coping with pain: Exploring the health and physical activity patterns of working women “ Snježana Schuster University of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Zagreb, Croatia In recent years, scientific interest has focused on the effects of health and physical activity on various types of pain and pain conditions in populations. There is a wide research scope that encompasses the understanding of pain accepted as an integral component of aging or specific physiological circumstances such as pregnancy and childbirth. Due to the impact of different types of pain on the reproductive health of working women, health habits and levels of physical activity are analyzed, particularly in relation to chronic pain conditions. The results indicate the importance of quality physical activity and maintaining healthy habits for the prevention and reduction of painful conditions and states. Are we moving in the right direction with research? How much can research provide and be useful guidance for improving preventive and combined health programs as well as in policies that should support the wel -being of working women? Keywords: pain science, health, physical activity, women ecturesy l lenar ja | p redavan p rna plena 23 Konferenčni povzetki Conference abstracts Sekcija/Section Duševno zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Mental health of working-age and older adults Vabljeno predavanje Aktualni trendi varovanja in krepitve duševnega zdravja na delovnem mestu Ditka Vidmar, Tatjana Novak Šubara, Karmen Stariha Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Po podatkih Evropske agencije za varnost in zdravje pri delu je kar 50 do 60 % vseh izgubljenih delovnih dni posledica z delom povezanega stresa in neobvladanih psihosocialnih tveganj. Letni stroški z delom povezanega stresa in težav v duševnem zdravju so ocenjeni na 4 % nacionalnega BDP. V Sloveniji so duševne in vedenjske motnje četrti najpogostejši razlog za bolniško odsotnost in vodilni razlog za invalidsko upokojitev 1. kategorije. Vse to so razlogi, da se globalno in tudi v Sloveniji krepi zavedanje o vplivu psihosocialnih delovnih pogojev na razvoj in poglabljanje te- žav v duševnem zdravju. Po drugi strani pa ob tem prihaja v ospredje pomen preventivne skrbi za duševno zdravje pri delu. Slednje namreč prinaša pomembne koristi za posameznike, delovne organizacije in širšo družbo. dults Predstavitev vsebine: Skrb za dobro duševno počutje na delovnem mestu je skupna za-veza in odgovornost delodajalcev in zaposlenih, delovna mesta pa so optimalna okolja lder a za krepitev duševnega zdravja. Doslej prevladujočo osredotočenost na ukrepe na de-nd o lovnem mestu, usmerjene na posameznika, je potrebno dopolniti z organizacijskimi in-ge a tervencijami, usmerjenimi v ustrezne delovne pogoje, kar je poudarjeno tudi v globalnih pobudah in mednarodnih smernicah. V skladu s smernicami Svetovne zdravstvene rking-a organizacije in njihovim strateškim dokumentom skupaj z Mednarodno organizacijo o dela so ključne strategije za preprečevanje slabega duševnega zdravja pri delu (1) pref w prečevanje škode, kar vključuje obvladovanje psihosocialnih tveganj na delovnem mestu, (2) krepitev pozitivnih vidikov dela, kompetenc in virov zaposlenih ter (3) odziva-ealth o nje na težave in podpora delavcem s težavami v duševnem zdravju. Tudi v Sloveniji se v sklopu Nacionalnega programa duševnega zdravja 2018-2028, skladno z mednaro-dnimi smernicami, pomemben del aktivnosti usmerja v preprečevanje škode z infor-draslih | h miranjem in ozaveščanjem strokovne ter splošne javnosti o pomenu in načinih obvladovanja psihosocialnih tveganj na delovnem mestu. Pri tem je ključna kombinacija organizacijskih in individualnih ukrepov, ki pomenijo – če so primerno izbrani in izve-tarejših on s deni – naložbo s pozitivnim donosom (ROI) v vrednosti do 13,6 € za vsak vloženi evro. Sklepne ugotovitve: Doživljanje prekomernega stresa pri delu je mogoče v delovnih or-ktivnih i ganizacijah učinkovito preprečevati s pravočasnim odkrivanjem neobvladanih psihosocialnih tveganj ter z izvajanjem ustreznih ukrepov za njihovo obvladovanje. Vodstveni in vodilni delavci zato potrebujejo ustrezna znanja za obvladovanje teh tveganj ter za elovno a ukrepanje ob duševnih stiskah zaposlenih. Vsi zaposleni pa potrebujejo znanja za prepoznavanje in ustrezno ukrepanje ob znakih prekomernega delovnega stresa pri se-bi in svojih sodelavcih ter informacije o strokovnih virih pomoči ob težavah v dušev-zdravje d nem zdravju. Ključne besede: duševno zdravje na delovnem mestu, krepitev duševnega zdravja, psi-hosocialna tveganja, Nacionalni program duševnega zdravja 26 Invited lecture Current trends in protecting and promoting mental health at work Ditka Vidmar, Tatjana Novak Šubara, Karmen Stariha National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 50-60% of all lost working days are due to work-related stress and poorly managed psychosocial risks. The annual cost of work-related stress and mental health disorders is estimated at 4% of national GDP. In Slovenia, mental and behavioural disorders are the fourth most common reason for sickness absence and the leading reason for category 1 disability retirement. These are all reasons why there is a growing awareness, both global y and in Slovenia, of the impact of psychosocial working conditions on the development and worsening of mental health issues. On the other hand, the importance of preventive care for mental health at work is also coming to the fore. The latter has important benefits for individuals, work organisations and society at large. dults Content presentation: Mental wel -being in the workplace is a shared commitment and responsibility between employers and employees, and workplaces are optimal envi-lder a ronments for promoting mental health. The prevailing focus on individual-oriented workplace interventions needs to be complemented by organisational interventions nd o focused on appropriate working conditions, as also highlighted in global initiatives and ge a international guidelines. In line with the WHO guidelines and a joint strategy document with the International Labour Organisation, the key strategies for preventing rking-ao poor mental health at work are (1) preventing harm, which includes managing psycho-f w social risks in the workplace, (2) enhancing positive aspects of work, employee competencies and resources, and (3) responding to and supporting workers with mental ealth o health issues. In Slovenia, the National Mental Health Programme 2018-2028, in line with international guidelines, also focuses a significant part of its activities on harm prevention by informing and raising awareness among professionals and the general public ental h about the importance of and ways to manage psychosocial risks in the workplace. The key here is a combination of organisational and individual measures, which - if properly selected and implemented - represent a positive return on investment (ROI) of up draslih | m to €13.6 for every €1 invested. Conclusions: The experience of excessive stress at work can be effectively prevented tarejših o in work organisations through the early identification of psychosocial risks and the im-n s plementation of appropriate measures to manage them. Managers and supervisors therefore need the appropriate skil s to manage these risks and to deal with mental ktivnih i distress of their employees. All employees need the skil s to recognise and act appropriately on signs of excessive work stress in themselves and their col eagues, and information on professional sources of help for mental health issues. elovno a Keywords: mental health at work, mental health promotion, psychosocial risks, National Mental Health Programme dravje d duševno z 27 Prevalenca osamljenosti med uporabniki domov za starejše občane Jasmina Irena Barać, Ester Benko, Melita Peršolja Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Osamljenost predstavlja negativno izkušnjo razkoraka med želeno in doseženo osebno mrežo odnosov. Razumeti jo je potrebno kot subjektivni fenomen, saj ni vedno odvisna od pomanjkanja neposrednih stikov z ljudmi - človek se lahko počuti osamljenega v družbi in se ne počuti osamljenega, če je sam. Kaže se kot ena najpogostej- ših čustvenih stisk, s katerimi se spopadajo tudi uporabniki domov za starejše občane in je povezana z različnimi negativnimi zdravstvenimi izidi ter poslabšano kakovostjo življenja. Namen raziskave je bil opisati pogostost in stopnjo osamljenosti ter razumeti dejavnike povezane z osamljenostjo med uporabniki doma za starejše občane. Metode: V kvantitativni empirični raziskavi smo uporabili De Jong Gierveldovo 11-delno lestvico osamljenosti in preko ustnega anketiranja v letu 2024 pridobili podatke od 107 izmed 337 stanovalcev dveh domov za starejše občane v Obalno-kraški regiji. Rezultati: Rezultati opisne statistične analize kažejo, da je zmerno osamljenih 43,9 % (n = 47) vprašanih, hudo osamljenih pa 10,3 % (n = 11). Od tega je čustveno osamlje-dults nih 29,9 % (n = 32), skoraj četrtina (22,4 %, n = 24) je socialno osamljenih. Korelacijske analize kažejo, da so pogosteje osamljeni tisti, ki svoje zdravje ocenjujejo kot slabše (p lder a = 0,006). Ostale značilnosti vprašanih, kot so spol, starost, zakonski stan, stopnja izobrazbe in čas bivanja v domu za starejše občane se s pojavnostjo osamljenosti ne po-nd o vezujejo. ge a Razprava in zaključki: Osamljenost vodi do poslabšanja zdravstvenega stanja in slabih zdravstvenih izidov zato jo je potrebno čimprej prepoznati in ukrepati. Medicinska se-rking-ao stra lahko prepozna osamljenost pri posamezniku s kombinacijo opazovanja, pogovo-f w ra ter uporabo standardiziranih orodij za oceno osamljenosti. V literaturi zasledimo raznovrstne aktivnosti za preprečevanje in zmanjševanje občutka osamljenosti med ealth o starejšimi odraslimi, nastanjenimi v domovih za starejše občane, med katerimi so najpogostejše družabne in gibalne aktivnosti. Ključne besede: osamljenost, starejši odrasli, dom za starejše občane, zdravstvena nega draslih | h tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 28 The prevalence of loneliness among users of nursing home residents Jasmina Irena Barać, Ester Benko, Melita Peršolja University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Loneliness represents a negative experience of a discrepancy between the desired and achieved personal network of relationships. It needs to be understood as a subjective phenomenon, as it is not always dependent on a lack of direct contact with people - a person can feel lonely in company and not feel lonely when alone. It manifests as one of the most common emotional distresses faced also by nursing home residents and is associated with various negative health outcomes and diminished quality of life. The purpose of the study was to describe the frequency and degree of loneliness and to understand the factors associated with loneliness among-nursing home residents. Methods: In a quantitative empirical study, we used the De Jong Gierveld 11-item loneliness scale and obtained data through oral surveys in 2024 from 107 out of 337 residents of two nursing homes in the Coastal-Karst region. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis results show that 43.9% (n = 47) of respondents are moderately lonely, while 10.3% (n = 11) are severely lonely. Of this emotional dults loneliness affects 29.9% (n = 32), and almost a quarter (22.4%, n = 24) experience social loneliness. Correlation analyses indicate that those who rate their health as poorer lder a are more frequently lonely (p = 0.006). Other characteristics of respondents, such as nd o gender, age, marital status, level of education, and length of stay in the nursing home, ge a are not associated with the occurrence of loneliness. Discussion and conclusions: Loneliness leads to worsened health status and poor health rking-a outcomes, so it needs to be recognized and addressed promptly. A nurse can identify o loneliness in an individual through a combination of observation, conversation, and the f w use of standardized loneliness assessment tools. Various activities for preventing and reducing loneliness among nursing home residents are found in the literature, among ealth o which social and physical activities are the most common. ental h Keywords: older adults, nursing home, loneliness, nursing draslih | m tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a dravje d duševno z 29 Psihosocialni programi v podporo razrešitve izzivov tveganih vedenj v digitalnem okolju Nataša Demšar Pečak Ministrstvo za delo družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti Izhodišča in namen: S prispevkom želimo izpostaviti pomen brezplačnih interventnih programov pri opolnomočenju uporabnikov pri iskanju psihosocialne pomoči in podpore. Različni psihosocialni programi so namenjeni preprečevanju in reševanju različ- nih stisk posameznih ranljivih skupin prebivalstva in se oblikujejo tako, da upoštevajo značilnosti in potrebe posamezne ciljne skupine uporabnikov. Prispevek še posebno naslovi pomen mreže psihosocialnih programov v podporo družini in posameznikom v stiski, ki se srečujejo z izzivi tveganih spletnih vedenj, za razrešitev katerih potrebujejo strokovno pomoč, saj jim sami niso kos. Interventni psihosocialni programi v podporo in zaščito družin za varnost v digitalnem okolju so financirani s strani Ministrstva za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti. Predstavitev vsebine: Za boljšo možnost enake dostopnosti za vse, si država poleg intervencij v sklopu zdravstva, prizadeva tudi z omenjenimi sofinanciranimi programi. S tem želi država doseči ranljive skupine in zmanjšati neenakost pri dostopnosti tovr-dults stnih storitev. V prispevku je predstavljen program za podporo zasvojenim z digitalno tehnologijo, ki ga izvaja Zavoda NORA – LogOut, center pomoči pri prekomerni rabi lder a interneta in je prvi specializirani center pomoči ob različnih tveganih spletnih vedenjih. nd o Program je namenjen nudenju individualne strokovne in skupinske pomoči zasvojenim ge a z digitalnimi napravami, oziroma celostnemu urejanju oseb z nekemičnimi oblikami zasvojenosti, zasvojenim in njihovim svojcem, medinstitucionalnim povezovanjem z indi-rking-a vidualnim, družinskim, partnerskim in skupinskim načinom dela. V sklopu omenjenega o programa pomoči so organizirane tudi specializirane ambulante za zdravljenje digital-f w nih zasvojenosti. Sklepne ugotovitve: Digitalizacija sicer res omogoča nove načine komuniciranja, izobra-ealth o ževanja, nakupovanja, zabave in izvajanja različnih aktivnosti prek interneta, vendar je treba opozoriti, da daje digitalno okolje na eni strani neomejene možnosti za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja, omogoča večjo stopnjo enakosti in socialne vključenosti družin, draslih | h lahko na drugi strani predstavlja tveganje in povečuje ranljivost družinskih članov vseh generacij. Prevelika izpostavljenost zaslonom in spletnim dejavnostim je skrb vzbujajo-tarejših o ča tudi za duševno zdravje družinskih članov vseh generacij. Država si mora prizadevati n s izboljšati digitalno blaginjo družinskih članov, z zagotavljanjem zdravljenja, pomoči, ob-veščanjem, izobraževanjem in ozaveščanjem o uravnoteženi in zdravi uporabi sodobnih medijev in zaslonske tehnologije. ktivnih i Ključne besede: digitalno okolje, družina, psihosocialni programi, nekemična zasvojenost elovno a zdravje d 30 Psychosocial programmes to support the resolution of the challenges of risky behaviours in the digital environment Nataša Demšar Pečak Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities Introduction and purpose: With this paper, we want to highlight the importance of free intervention programs in empowering users in seeking psychosocial help and support. Various psychosocial programs are intended to prevent and solve various problems of individual vulnerable groups of the population and are designed to consider the characteristics of the needs of each target group of users. The contribution particularly addresses the importance of a network of psychosocial programs in families and individuals with support in need, who are faced with the chal enges of risky online behaviors, to solve which they need professional help, as they are unable to cope on their own. Psychosocial intervention programs to support and protect families for safety in the digital environment are financed by the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities Content presentation: For a better possibility of equal accessibility for al , the state, in addition to interventions in the field of healthcare, also strives with the co-financed dults programs. With this, the state wants to reach vulnerable groups and reduce inequality in the availability of such services. The article presents a program for support for lder a those addicted to digital technology, which is implemented by the NORA Institute - LogOut, a center for help with excessive use of the Internet and is the first special-nd o ized center for help with various risky online behaviors. The program is aimed at of-ge a fering individual professional and group help to those addicted to digital devices, or holistic treatment of persons with non-chemical forms of addiction, addicts and their rking-ao relatives, inter-institutional integration with individual, family, partnership, and group f w work methods. As part of the aid program, specialized clinics for the treatment of digital addictions are also organized. ealth o Conclusions: Digitization does indeed enable new ways of communicating, education, shopping, entertainment and carrying out various activities via the Internet, but it ental h should be noted that on the one hand, the digital environment offers unlimited possibilities for improving the quality of life, enables a greater level of equality and social inclusion of families, on the other hand, it can pose a risk and increase the vulnerabil-draslih | m ity of family members of all generations. Excessive exposure to screens and online activities is also a concern for the mental health of family members of all generations. The state must strive to improve the digital wel -being of family members by providing tarejših o treatment, assistance, information, education, and awareness about the balanced and n s healthy use of modern media and screen technology. Keywords: digital environment, family, psychosocial programs, non-chemical addiction ktivnih i elovno a dravje d duševno z 31 Osamljenost pri osebah z demenco: čuti, omejitve in vloga bližnjih odnosov Martina Mravlja1, Nuša Zadravec Šedivy1,2 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Inštitut Andrej Marušič, Koper, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Koper, Slovenija. Uvod: Osebe z demenco so pogosto izpostavljene večjemu tveganju za zmerno ali hu-do osamljenost, ki je lahko posledica tako upada kognitivnih sposobnosti kot tudi ne-skladnih pričakovanj ali neprimernih odzivov okolice. Raziskovanje psihosocialnih iz-kušenj pri osebah z demenco je ključnega pomena za izboljšanje kakovosti njihovega življenja. Metode: Celovit sistematičen pregled kvalitativnih raziskav na področju osamljenosti, kognitivnega upada in demence je bil opravljen brez časovne omejitve, z namenom pregleda obstoječih študij. V tematski analizi smo izpostavili teme ‚stimulacija in dis-trakcija‘, ‚kognitivne omejitve in druge izgube‘, ter ‚vloga okolja‘. Ugotovitve: Raziskovanje psihosocialnih izkušenj oseb z demenco poudarja pomemb-dults nost vključevanja oseb z demenco v raziskovanje na način, ki je prilagojen njihovim vsakokratnim sposobnostim. Osamljenost pri osebah z demenco se vzpostavlja polder a stopoma, pri čemer osebe z demenco povezujejo osamljenost z upadom kognitivnih zmožnosti posredno, tako da se postopoma umikajo iz socialnih odnosov, za kar po-nd o gosto navajajo, da se odločijo same. Takšno umikajoče vedenje je pogosto povezano ge a z neustreznim odzivom okolice, ki lahko z nerealnimi pričakovanji postavi osebe z demenco v neenakovreden položaj, s čimer se lahko osamljenost še poglablja. Oskrbo-rking-ao valci so bolj kot osebe z demenco namreč osredotočeni na kognitivni upad, pri čemer f w so pogosto manj pozorni na druge vidike zdravja ali potreb oseb z demenco. Povezovanje kot nasprotje osamljenosti pri osebah z demenco temelji na skupnih trenutkih in medsebojnem razumevanju, ki se razvija iz skupnih izkušenj in skozi daljše ob-ealth o dobje. V takem odnosu osebe z demenco računajo na intuitivno razumevanje njihovih bližnjih o tem, kaj bi v določeni situaciji naredile ali želele. Raziskovanje teh kompenzacijskih strategij, ki jih razvijajo osebe z demenco tekom napredujoče bolezni je smi-draslih | h selno nadgrajevati. Razprava in zaključki: V kontekstu demence primanjkuje raziskovalne usmerjenosti na tarejših o temo osamljenosti, ki bi se osredotočala v izboljšanje kakovosti življenja. Sistematičen n s pregled literature potrjuje, da je osamljenost in kognitivni upad mogoče preučevati tu-di v kontekstu zmerne in hude demence, in sicer s primernimi prilagoditvami, ki ne te-ktivnih i meljijo izključno na verbalnih tehnikah zbiranja podatkov. Pri tem je pomembno po-globiti razumevanje tako kompenzacijskih strategij oseb z demenco kot tudi zmožnosti njihove ožje socialne mreže. elovno a Ključne besede: osamljenost, demenca, kvalitativno raziskovanje, sistematični pregled literature zdravje d 32 Loneliness in people with dementia: senses, limitations and the role of close relationships Martina Mravlja1, Nuša Zadravec Šedivy1,2 1 University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Koper, Slovenia Introduction: People with dementia are often exposed to a higher risk of moderate or severe loneliness, which can be the result of both cognitive decline and inconsistent expectations or inappropriate responses from the environment. Researching the psychosocial experiences of people with dementia is crucial to improving their quality of life. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review of qualitative research in the field of loneliness, cognitive decline and dementia was conducted without time constraints, with the aim of reviewing existing studies. In the thematic analysis, we highlighted the subthemes of ‚stimulation and distraction‘, ‚cognitive limitations and other losses‘, and ‚the role of the environment‘. Findings: Researching the psychosocial experiences of people with dementia highlights dults the importance of including people with dementia in research in a way that is adapted to their individual abilities. Loneliness in people with dementia develops gradual y, with lder a people with dementia associating loneliness with cognitive decline indirectly by grad-nd o ual y withdrawing from social relationships, often expressing this as their own choice. ge a Such withdrawing behavior is often associated with an inadequate response from the environment, which can put people with dementia in an unequal position with unre-alistic expectations, that can further intensify the feeling of loneliness. Caregivers are rking-ao more than people with dementia focused on cognitive decline, often paying less atten-f w tion to other aspects of the health or needs of people with dementia. Connectedness as the opposite of loneliness in people with dementia is founded on shared moments ealth o and mutual understanding that develops from shared experiences and over a long period of time. In such a relationship, people with dementia rely on their loved ones‘ inental h tuitive understanding of what they would do or want in a given situation. Further research is needed on these compensatory strategies, which are developed by people with dementia during the course of the progressive disease. draslih | m Discussion and conclusions: In the context of dementia, there is a lack of research orientation on the topic of loneliness focused on improving the quality of life. A systematic review of the literature suggests that loneliness and cognitive decline can also be tarejših o studied in the context of moderate and severe dementia with appropriate adjustments n s that are not based exclusively on verbal data col ection techniques. It is important to deepen the understanding of both the compensatory strategies of people with de-ktivnih i mentia as well as the compensatory capacities of their closer social network. Keywords: loneliness, dementia, qualitative research, systematic literature review elovno a dravje d duševno z 33 Kako krepiti duševno zdravje starejših odraslih v slovenskem prostoru? Olivera Stanojević Jerković1, Suzana Oreški2 1Nacionalni institut za javno zdravje, Maribor, Slovenija 2Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Starejši odrasli so izrazito heterogena skupina; obstajajo velike razlike med njimi pri spoprijemanju z raznimi izzivi. Ob nižji zdravstveni (in digitalni) pi-smenosti ter višji socialni izključenosti in osamljenosti, sta prisotni stigma in diskri-minacija ter visoko tveganje za revščino po upokojitvi. Duševno zdravje ogroža tiha epidemija demence, porast depresivne motnje in nasilja. Kljub temu, da so potrebe po dolgotrajni oskrbi in kadrovski primanjkljaj na tem področju za starejšo populacijo še vedno v ospredju politike in javnosti, je nujno poudarjati varovalne dejavnike du- ševnega zdravja ter pozitivne vidike staranja in starejših odraslih, kar bo izboljšalo motivacijo le-teh za vključevanje, in s tem tudi boljšo dostopnost do programov pomoči. Predstavitev vsebine: v okviru Akcijskega načrta duševnega zdravja (Nacionalni program duševnega zdravja 2018-2028) smo na pobudo Interdisciplinarne delovne skupine (IDS) izvedli dogodke v lokalni skupnosti: »Dan odprtih vrat za starejše občane« in »Sejem dolgožive družbe« ter pripravili poročilo o izvedenih aktivnostih, kot spodbu-dults do vključenim in ostalim občinam. Pripravljena in široko diseminirana so bila gradiva za laično in strokovno populacijo. Izvedena Nacionalna konferenca je nakazala nadaljnje lder a aktivnosti glede na potrebe starejših odraslih. Akcijski načrt za obdobje 2024-2028 pa nd o (ob okrepitvi IDS z novimi člani), predvideva bolj intenzivno spodbudo za proaktivno ge a delo lokalnih skupnosti in oblikovanje zavezujočih strategij občinskih svetov, nadaljnje intenzivno informiranje in ozaveščanje starejših skozi strokovno-družabne dogodke, rking-a ter vzpostavitve dostopnih info-točk . Znotraj IDS bomo podpirali krepitev tako kom-o petenc laične in strokovne javnosti na področju duševnega zdravja, kot tudi povezova-f w nje ključnih deležnikov, pripravili nabor primerov dobre prakse iz slovenskih občin in tujine ter prispevali k pripravi vsebine destigmatizacijske kampanje, prilagojene popu-ealth o laciji starejših odraslih. Vključenost starejših se bo spodbujala tudi s svežimi, sodobni-mi pristopi (predpisovanje kulture, sodelovanje s knjižnicami, ambasadorji..) Sklepne ugotovitve: Glede na poslabšanje kazalnikov duševnega zdravja starejših odra-draslih | h slih ter dosedanje izkušnje in poudarke stroke , potrebujemo prilagojene akcijske na- črte, ki bodo bolj vključevali in povezovali vse ključne ciljne skupine: starejše odrasle, tarejših o ključne deležnike, proaktivno in opolnomočeno lokalno skupnost ter bolj ozaveščeno n s širšo javnost o potrebah starejših. IDS za krepitev duševnega zdravja starejših odraslih je, ob podpori Medresorske skupine za duševno zdravje Ministrstva za zdravje in v tesni povezavi z obstoječimi mrežami, lahko trajnostna širša platforma za pripravo pre-ktivnih i dlogov za ukrepanje, saj se pogoji za boljše duševno zdravje starejših odraslih umešča-jo v različne sektorje družbe tako na lokalni kot na državni ravni. elovno a Ključne besede: starejši odrasli, promocija duševnega zdravja, akcijski načrt zdravje d 34 How to strengthen the mental health of elderly citizens in the slovenian area? Olivera Stanojević Jerković1, Suzana Oreški2 1National Institute of Public Health, Maribor, Slovenia 2National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: The elderly are a distinctly heterogeneous group; they have big differences in dealing with various chal enges. With lower health (and digital) literacy and higher social exclusion and loneliness, there is also stigma and discrimina-tion and a high risk of poverty after retirement. Mental health is threatened by the silent epidemic of dementia, the rise of depressive disorder and violence. Although the need for long-term care and the shortage of personnel for the elderly population are still at the forefront of politics and the public, it is essential to emphasize the protective factors of mental health and the positive aspects of aging and the elderly, which will improve their motivation for inclusion, and thus better accessibility to assistance programs. Content presentation: within the Mental Health Action Plan (National Programme for Mental Health 2018-2028), at the initiative of the Interdisciplinary Working Group dults (IWG), we held events in the local community: “Open Door Day for Seniors” and “Longevity Society Fair”. We prepared a report on the activities carried out as an in-lder a centive to those involved and other municipalities. Materials for the lay and professional population were prepared and widely disseminated. The National Conference nd o indicated further activities based on the needs of the elderly. The Action plan for the ge a period 2024-2028 (while strengthening the IWG with new members) foresees a more intensive incentive for the proactive work of local communities and the creation of rking-ao binding strategies of municipal councils, further intensive information and awareness f w of the elderly through professional and social events, and the establishment of accessible info-spots. Within IWG, we will support the strengthening of the competencies ealth o of the lay and professional public in the field of mental health, as well as the integration of key stakeholders, prepare a set of examples of good practice from Slovenian municipalities and abroad, and contribute to the destigmatization campaign adapted to the ental h elderly population. The involvement of the elderly will also be encouraged with fresh, modern approaches (prescribing culture, participation of libraries, ambassadors...). draslih | m Conclusions: Considering the deterioration of mental health indicators of the elderly and the current experience and emphasis of the experts, we need customized action plans that will be more inclusive and connect all key target groups: senior citizens, tarejših o key stakeholders, a proactive and empowered local community and a more sensitized n s general public about the needs of the elderly. The IWG for mental health promotion in older adults close connection with existing networks, can be a sustainable broader ktivnih i platform for the preparation of proposals for action, as the conditions for better mental health of the elderly are placed in various sectors of society, both at the local as at the national level. elovno a Keywords: elderly, mental health promotion, action plan dravje d duševno z 35 Napovedovalci in razširjenost sindroma izgorelosti pri medicinskih sesterah edukatorkah Radica Tasić, Gordana Stanić Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, The Col ege of Health Sciences, Beograd, Srbija Uvod: Sindrom izgorelosti na delovnem mestu je opredeljen kot stanje čustvene izčrpanosti, depersonalizacije in zmanjšane osebne uspešnosti in izpolnjenosti. Nenehne stresne reakcije, slabi medsebojni odnosi, mobing, tesnoba pred izgubo službe ter fru-stracije zaradi nenehnih pritiskov nadrejenih prispevajo k razvoju sindroma izgorelosti. Vse skupaj vodi do psihičnih in fizioloških sprememb zaposlenih s posledicami razvoja depresije in organskih bolezni. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti prediktorje in razširjenost sindroma izgorelosti na delovnem mestu med medicinskimi sesterami edukator-kami ter povezavo med psihološkimi osebnostnimi značilnostmi in zadovoljstvom pri delu z lestvicami izgorelosti (izčrpanost, cinizem in strokovna učinkovitost). Metode: Presečna raziskava je bila izvedena leta 2018 na 302 medicinskih sestrah edukatork, ki so bile zaposlene v predšolskih ustanovah na območju Beograda. Anketi-ranke so prostovoljno in anonimno izpolnile spletna vprašalnika Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) in Big Five Plus Two Questionnaire (Big Five+) ter dults vprašalnik o zadovoljstvu zaposlenih. Statistična analiza je bila izvedena s programsko opremo Amos 21 in IBM SPSS Statistics 25. lder a Rezultati: Vzorec so bile ženske, stare 38 (±9,2) let, s povprečno delovno dobo 11 let, nd o večina je imela končano srednjo šolo (79,7 %). Povprečna ocena podlestvice izčrpano-ge a sti je bila 1,5 (±1,3), zmerna do visoka stopnja izčrpanosti pa je bila ugotovljena pri 27,6 % medicinskih sester edukatork. Povprečna ocena podlestvice za poklicno učinkovi-rking-ao tost je bila 5,3 (±0,7), ocene za nizko, zmerno in visoko izgorelost pa so bile zastopane f w pri 78,8 %, 16,1 % in 5,1 %. Povprečna ocena podlestvice za cinizem je bila 1,6 (±1,1), večina pa je imela zmerno in visoko stopnjo izgorelosti pri delu: 56,6 % in 21,1 %. Skupno je imelo sindrom zmerne izgorelosti 251 (83,1 %) medicinskih sester edukatork. ealth o| h Agresivnost, nevrotizem in negativna valenca so pozitivno korelirali z izčrpanostjo in cinizmom (p < 0,001). Starost in delovna doba sta pokazali pomembno pozitivno korelacijo z izčrpanostjo in cinizmom. Ugotovljena je bila tudi statistično pomembna ko-draslih relacija med izčrpanostjo in cinizmom pri vseh preučevanih postavkah zadovoljstva. Razprava in zaključki: Velik odstotek medicinskih sester edukatork ima zmerno izražen tarejših o sindrom izgorelosti na delovnem mestu, kar kaže na potrebo po preventivnem ukre-n s panju s ciljem obvladovanja in omilitve vpliva analiziranih prediktorjev ter izvajanju nadaljnjih študij z namenom, da se poiskati nove napovednike za oblikovanje zdravega ktivnih i delovnega okolja in preprečiti pojav sindroma izgorelosti na delu. Ključne besede: medicinske sestre edukatorke, napovedovalci sinfroma izgorelosti, sin-elovno a drom izgorelosti, javno zdravje zdravje d 36 Predictors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in nurse educators Radica Tasić, Gordana Stanić Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, The Col ege of Health Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction: Burnout syndrome at work is defined as a state of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal achievement and fulfil ment. Constant stressful reactions, bad interpersonal relationships, mobbing, anxiety about losing a job, frustrations due to constant pressure from superiors contribute to the development of burnout syndrome. All together, it leads to psychological and physiological changes in employees with the consequences of developing depression and organic diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the predictors and prevalence of burnout syndrome at work among nurse educators, as well as the relationship between psychological personality characteristics and job satisfaction with burnout scales (exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficiency). Methods: Our cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 nurse educators, employed in preschool institutions in the territory of Belgrade, in 2018. Respondents vol-untarily and anonymously completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the Big Five Plus Two Questionnaire (Big Five+) and the Employee Satisfac-dults tion Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Amos 21 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. lder a Results: The surveyed population was female, 38 (±9.2) age, with an average length of nd o service of 11 years, and the majority had completed high school (79.7%). The average ge a score of the exhaustion subscale was 1.5 (±1.3), and a moderate to high level of exhaustion was observed in 27.6% of nurse educators. The average score of the subscale for professional efficacy was 5.3 (±0.7), and the scores for low, moderate and high rking-ao burnout were represented in 78.8%, 16.1% and 5.1%. The average score of the sub-f w scale for cynicism was 1.6 (±1.1), and the majority of nurse educators had moderate and high levels of burnout at work: 56.6% and 21.1%. In total, 251 (83.1%) nurse educa-ealth o tors had moderate burnout syndrome. Aggression, neuroticism and negative valence were positively correlated with exhaustion and cynicism (p < 0.001). Age and length of ental h service showed a significant positive correlation with exhaustion and cynicism. A highly statistical y significant correlation was found between exhaustion and cynicism with al the satisfaction items examined. draslih | m Discussion and conclusions: A large percentage of nurse educators have a moderately pronounced burnout syndrome at work, which indicates the need to take preventive measures with the aim of control ing and mitigating the influence of the analyzed pre-tarejših o dictors, as well as conducting further studies in order to find new predictors in order n s to form a healthy working environment and prevent the occurrence of burnout syndrome at work. ktivnih i Keywords: nurse educators, predictors of burnout syndrome, burnout syndrome, public health elovno a dravje d duševno z 37 Incidenca depresije pri institucionaliziranih starejših ljudeh Sanja Zoranić1, Mara Županić2, Ivana Živoder3, Vedrana Iveta1 1 University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Hrvaška 2 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Hrvaška 3 University North, Varaždin, Hrvaška Uvod: Depresija je motnja centralnega živčnega sistema, ki jo povzročajo kemične spremembe v živčnih celicah možganov. Oslabljeno duševno zdravje v starosti pomembno vpliva na kakovost življenja, depresija pa je navedena kot najpogostejša du- ševna motnja, ki povzroča povečanje obolevnosti in umrljivosti. Na duševno zdravje vplivajo številni dejavniki, kot so ženski spol, telesna bolezen, nezmožnost delovanja, izguba pomembnih ljudi in sprememba prebivališča, kar skupaj s pomanjkanjem socialne podpore vodi v osamljenost in socialno izolacijo, kar povzroča nagnjenost k depre-sivnemu stanju. Cilj raziskave je bil raziskati pojavnost depresije pri institucionaliziranih starostnikih na območju Dubrovnika. Metode: Raziskavo, ki temelji na kvantitativni metodologiji, smo izvedli na vzorcu 86 starostnikov obeh spolov s področja mesta Dubrovnik. Vprašalnika, uporabljena v raziskavi, sta bila strukturiran vprašalnik o demografskih podatkih in vprašalnik Geria-dults tric Depression Scale v skrajšani obliki. Kriteriji za vključitev anketirancev v raziskavo so bili starost nad 60 let in stalna institucionalizacija. Ljudje s hudo duševno boleznijo lder a niso bili vključeni v študijo. Podatki so prikazani v absolutnih številkah in odstotkih ter nd o grafično v obliki diagramov in korelacijskih analiz. ge a Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da 86,04 % anketiranih ni kazalo znakov depresije. Blage znake je imelo 13,96 % anketirancev, noben anketiranec pa ni kazal huj-rking-ao ših znakov depresije. Skupaj 88,37 % vprašanih je bilo zadovoljnih s svojim življenjem, f w 80,23 % pa jih je izjavilo, da so večino časa dobre volje. Kar 70,93 % anketiranih veči-no časa preživi zunaj doma in brez težav sprejema novosti. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da obstaja statistično pomembna razlika glede na spol. Starejše ženske (10,47 %) po-ealth o gosteje kažejo znake blage depresije kot moški (3,49 %). 81,39 % sodelujočih je izjavilo, da se večino časa počutijo srečne, čeprav so manjše razlike glede na starostno skupino. Mlajši starejši ocenjujejo, da so pogosteje srečni, kar se z leti zmanjšuje. Enak trend draslih | h je zaznati tudi pri oceni kakovosti življenja, kjer jo okoli tri četrtine 65- do 69-letnikov ocenjuje kot zelo visoko. Ta delež v starejši starosti pade na tretjino. tarejših o Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je največji odstotek anketirancev n s zadovoljnih s svojim življenjem in dobre volje, medtem ko le manjši odstotek anketirancev, večinoma žensk, kaže blažje znake depresije. Zgodnje odkrivanje in zdravlje-ktivnih i nje depresije pri starejših ljudeh izboljša kakovost njihovega življenja, socialna integra-cija in mreža socialne podpore pa zmanjšata občutek osamljenosti in izoliranosti ter s tem pojavnost duševnih bolezni. elovno a Ključne besede: starejši odrasli, depresija, kakovost življenja zdravje d 38 Incidence of depression in institutionalized older people Sanja Zoranić1, Mara Županić2, Ivana Živoder3, Vedrana Iveta1 1 University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia 2 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia 3 University North, Varaždin, Croatia Introduction: Depression is a disorder of the central nervous system caused by chemical changes in the nerve cel s of the brain. Impaired mental health in old age significantly affects quality of life, and depression is cited as the most common mental disorder causing an increase in morbidity and mortality. Mental health is affected by a number of factors such as female gender, physical il ness, inability to function, loss of significant others and change of residence, which together with the lack of social support leads to loneliness and social isolation, predisposing to a depressive state. The aim of the work was to investigate the occurrence of depression in institutionalised elderly people in the Dubrovnik area. Methods: The study, based on a quantitative methodology, was conducted with a sample of 86 elderly people of both sexes from the area of the city of Dubrovnik. The instruments used for the study were a structured questionnaire on demographic data dults and the Geriatric Depression Scale in abbreviated form. The criteria for inclusion of respondents in the study were age over 60 years and permanent institutionalisation. lder a People with severe mental il ness were not included in the study. The data is presented in absolute numbers and percentages as well as graphical y in the form of diagrams nd o and correlation analyses. ge a Results: The research results showed that 86.04% of respondents showed no signs of depression. Mild signs were present in 13.96% of the respondents and not a single re-rking-ao spondent showed severe signs of depression. A total of 88.37% of respondents were f w satisfied with their lives and 80.23% stated that they were in a good mood most of the time. A total of 70.93% of respondents spend most of their time outside the home and ealth o have no difficulty accepting new things. The research results show that there is a statistical y significant difference in terms of gender. Older women (10.47%) are more like-ental h ly to show signs of mild depression than men (3.49%). 81.39% of participants stated that they feel happy most of the time, although there are smal er differences in terms of age group. Younger older people estimate that they are happy more often, which draslih | m decreases with age. The same trend can be seen in the assessment of quality of life, where around three quarters of 65- to 69-year-olds rate this as very high. This proportion drops to a third in older age. tarejših o Discussion and conclusion: The research results show that the largest percentage of re-n s spondents are satisfied with their lives and in a good mood, while only a smal er percentage of respondents, mostly female, show milder signs of depression. Early detec-ktivnih i tion and treatment of depression in older people improves their quality of life, while social integration and a social support network reduce the feeling of loneliness and isolation and thus the incidence of mental illness. elovno a Keywords: older people, depression, quality of life dravje d duševno z 39 Sekcija/Section Izzivi na področju ergonomije, gibalne (ne)aktivnosti in sedentarnega vedenja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Challenges in human factors, physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviour among working-age and older adults Vabljeno predavanje Umeščanje 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja kot determinante zdravja v slovenski prostor Kaja Kastelic1,2,3 1Univerza na Primorskem, Inštitut Andrej Marušič, Koper, Slovenija 2InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenija 3S2P, znanost v prakso, d.o.o., Kranj, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Telesna dejavnost, sedentarno vedenje in spanje (tj. 24-urno gibalno vedenje) pomembno vplivajo na zdravje in dobro počutje. Zavedanje o njihovi so- -odvisnosti je nedavno vodilo do spoznanja, da jih je smotrno preučevati in naslavljati v skupku. Namen te predstavitve je predstaviti naš aktualni projekt z naslovom »Ume- ščanje načela 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja kot determinantne zdravja v slovenski prostor (GIB24)«. Predstavitev projekta: Namen projekta GIB24, ki ga financirata Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost RS in Ministrstvo za zdravje RS, je umestiti dults 24-urno gibalno vedenje kot determinanto zdravja v slovenski prostor. Cilji projekta so ( i) oblikovati slovenske smernice za 24-urno gibalno vedenje odraslih ob uporabi uve-lder a ljavljene metodologije GRADE-ADOLOPMENT; ( ii) preoblikovali sklop vprašanj zno-nd o traj anketnega vprašalnika za populacijsko spremljanje NIJZ – Z zdravjem povezan ve-ge a denjski slog na način, da bo omogočena ocena gibalnega vedenja preko celotnega dne; ( iii) preveriti razumljivost, ponovljivost in veljavnost novega sklopa vprašanj za vredno-rking-a tenje 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja; ( iv) umestiti nov sklop vprašanj v nacionalno razi-o skavo NIJZ – Z zdravjem povezan vedenjski slog 2024 ter oceniti velikost problematike f w nezdravega 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja pri odraslih prebivalcih Slovenije; ( v) umestiti vrednotenje 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja v programe promocije zdravega življenj-ealth o skega sloga na primarni ravni zdravstva; in ( vi) približati 24-urno paradigmo strokovni | h in splošni javnosti ter dvigniti osveščenost o pomenu 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja za zdravje in dobro počutje. draslih Sklepne ugotovitve: Na predstavitvi bodo predstavljene zgodnje ugotovitve, ki izhajajo iz projektnih aktivnosti. Med drugim bo predstavljen osnutek Slovenskih smernic tarejših o za 24-urno gibalno vedenje odraslih. Projekt GIB24 bo položil temelje integrativnemu n s spremljanju telesne dejavnosti, sedentarnega vedenja in spanja ter promociji zdravega 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja v slovenskem okolju. Na dokazih temelječe ugotovitve, ki bodo izhajale iz tega projekta, bodo lahko služile kot podlaga za pripravo razvoj-ktivnih i nih politik javnega interesa na področju 24-urnega gibalnega vedenja za javno zdravje. Ključne besede: smernice za 24-urno gibalno vedenje; telesna dejavnost; spanje; popu-elovno a lacijsko spremljanje; merilnik gibanja zdravje d 42 Invited lecture Implementing 24-hour movement behaviours as a determinant of health into the Slovenian environment Kaja Kastelic1,2,3 1University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia 2InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia 3S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Kranj, Slovenia Background and purpose: Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep (i.e. 24-hour movement behaviours) have an important impact on health and wel -being. Awareness of their co-dependence has recently led to the recognition that it is sound to examine and address them in combination. The purpose of this presentation is to introduce our ongoing project “ Implementing the concept of 24-hour movement behaviours as a determinant of health into the Slovenian environment (GIB24)”. Project presentation: The purpose of the project GIB24 that is funded by the Sloveni- . an Research and Innovation Agency and Ministry of Health from Republic of Slovenia, is to implement 24-hour movement behaviours as a determinant of health into the Slovenian environment. The objectives of the project are: ( i) to develop Sloveni-in)activity . an 24-hour movement guidelines for adults fol owing the established GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology; ( ii) to adapt a set of questions from the national health survey NIJZ – Health-related behaviours in the Slovenian population to al ow assessment of hysical ( movement behaviours across the whole day; ( iii) to conduct cognitive interviewing rs, p and to establish test-retest reliability and validity of a new set of questions for assessment of 24-hour movement behaviours; ( iv) to implement this new set of questions in-acto to the national survey NIJZ – Health-related behaviours in the Slovenian population 2024 an fum and to estimate the prevalence of an unhealthy 24-hour movement behaviours in the n h Slovenian adult population; ( v) to implement assessment of a 24-hour movement behaviours in preventive programmes at the primary health care level; and ( vi) to introduce the 24-hour movement paradigm to the professional and general public and to raise awareness on the importance of 24-hour movement behaviours for health and hallenges i wel -being. .. | c sti . Conclusions: This presentation will include early findings from the project activities. Among others, it will include a draft of the Slovenian 24-hour movement behaviours guidelines for adults. The project GIB24 will lay the foundations for integrative monitoring of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, and for the promotion of a ne)aktivno healthy 24-hour movement behaviours in Slovenian environment. The evidence-based findings of this project are anticipated to inform future policies of public interest relat-ibalne ( ed to movement behaviours for public health. ije, gm Keywords: 24-hour movement guidelines; physical activity; sleep; population monitor-no ing; activity monitor rgo čju e drooa p izzivi n 43 Evalvacija znanja študentov o paliativni oskrbi Margareta Begić1, Edina Pulić1, Tatjana Njegovan-Zvonarević1, Želimir Bertić2, Mirjana Telebuh1 1Zdravstveno veleučilište Zagreb, Zagreb, Hrvaška 2Univerza na Reki, Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede, Reka, Hrvaška Uvod: Vse več je bolnikov v paliativni oskrbi zaradi boljše oskrbe bolnikov, ki boleha-jo za kroničnimi boleznimi in rakom. Fizioterapevti in delovni terapevti so nepogrešljivi člani tima paliativne oskrbe. Triletni učni načrt na oddelkih za fizioterapijo in delovno terapijo na univerzi ponuja več predmetov, ki zajemajo osnovna znanja o paliativni oskrbi. Namen študije je ugotoviti, koliko so študenti fizioterapije in delovne terapije seznanjeni s paliativno oskrbo in ali imajo različno raven znanja na tem področju. Do-ločen bo tudi način, kako študenti fizioterapije in delovne terapije pridobivajo dodatna znanja o tej temi in spoznavajo paliativno oskrbo. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 136 študentov dodiplomskega študijskega programa delovne terapije in 138 študentov dodiplomskega študijskega programa fizioterapije iz Univerzi za uporabne zdravstvene vede v Zagrebu. Vsi anketiranci so izpolnjevali online vprašalnik o znanju paliativne oskrbe. Vprašalnik je bil izdelan na platformi dults Google Forms. lder a Rezultati: Pričakujemo, da bodo rezultati dali jasno predstavo o ravni znanja študentov fizioterapije in delovne terapije vseh treh letnikov študija o paliativni oskrbi. Rezultati nd o študije so pokazali, da imajo študentje fizioterapije in delovne terapije podobno zna-ge a nje o paliativni oskrbi. Sicer se je med študenti fizioterapije in delovne terapija pokazala majhna razlika v znanju, ki pa ni bila statistično značilna. rking-ao Zaključek: Rezultati te študije bi lahko ponudili nove ideje glede formalnega in nefor-f w malnega usposabljanja zdravstvenih delavcev, predvsem fizioterapevtov in delovnih terapevtov, z namenom izboljšanja kakovosti paliativne oskrbe in posledično višje kako-ealth o vosti življenja pacientov v paliativni oskrbi. Ključne besede: študenti, fizioterapija, delovna terapija, paliativna oskrba draslih | h tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 44 Evaluation of student knowledge of palliative care Margareta Begić1, Edina Pulić1, Tatjana Njegovan-Zvonarević1, Želimir Bertić2, Mirjana Telebuh1 1University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia 2Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Croatia Introduction: There has been an increase in the number of patients in pal iative care due to better care for patients suffering from chronic diseases and cancer. Physiotherapists and occupational therapists are indispensable members of the pal iative care team. The three-year curriculum at the Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Departments at university provides several courses covering basic knowledge of pal iative care. The aim of this study is to establish how familiar physiotherapy and occupational therapy students are with pal iative care and if they have different levels of knowledge in this area. The way in which physiotherapy and occupational therapy students gain additional knowledge of this topic and learn about pal iative care will also be determined. Methods: 136 undergraduate occupational therapy students (OT) and 138 undergrad- . uate physiotherapy students (PT) at the University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb participated in this study. All the respondents fil ed in an online questionnaire about their knowledge of pal iative care, which was created and made accessible on in)activity . the Google Forms platform. Results: We expect that the results will provide a clear idea of the level of knowledge physiotherapy and occupational therapy students of all three years of study have about hysical ( pal iative care. The results of this study show similar levels of knowledge in physiother-rs, p apy and occupational therapy students. The presented results indicate a small differ-acto ence between the two study groups (PT and OT), but it is not statistical y significant. an f Conclusion: Results of this study could provide new ideas regarding formal and informal um training of healthcare professionals, primarily physiotherapists and occupational ther-n h apists, in order to improve the quality of pal iative care resulting in a higher quality of life of patients in pal iative care. Keywords: students, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, pal iative care hallenges i .. | c sti . ne)aktivno ibalne ( ije, gmno rgo čju e drooa p izzivi n 45 Izboljšanje trajnostne mobilnosti v Sloveniji: kolesarske pobude za delovno sposobne odrasle Sergej Gričar, Urška Longar 1, Štefan Bojnec2 1 Univerza v Novem mestu Fakulteta za poslovne in upravne vede, Novo mesto, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za management, koper, Slovenija Uvod: Vsakodnevna vožnja v službo in iz službe predstavlja velik izziv v Sloveniji, kar spodbuja raziskovanje alternativnih načinov prevoza kot je kolesarjenje. Medtem ko kolesarjenje ponuja različne prednosti, pa ovire, kot sta varno parkiranje in odpornost na vremenske razmere, ostajajo pereči problem med prebivalstvom. Slovenija s sredstvi za reformo trajnostne mobilnosti zaostaja za sosednjo Avstrijo, zaradi česar so potrebni učinkoviti ukrepi politik. Na drugi strani Nizozemske pobude poudarjajo strateško načrtovanje in razvoj infrastrukture in komuniciranja ter lahko ponujajo dra-goceno smernico za prehod prebivalcev Slovenije v trajno dnevno mobilnost. Metode: Ta študija uporablja analizo časovnih vrst od leta 1997 do 2021 in intervjuje, opravljene marca 2024 s predstavniki nizozemske vlade. Ti viri dajejo informacije o pregledu trenutnih vzorcev mobilnosti in prihodnjih perspektiv, zlasti v zvezi s kole-sarjenjem v in iz službe. Ugotovitve iz nizozemskih strategij so primerjane s slovenski-dults mi podatki za identifikacijo učinkovitih ukrepov za spodbujanje trajnostne mobilnosti. lder a Rezultati: Analiza razkriva neučinkovitost ukrepov v Sloveniji, kar dokazuje naraščanje uporabe avtomobilov ob istočasnem upadanju uporabe koles. Dejavniki, kot so cene nd o goriva in razpoložljivost javnega prevoza, pomembno vplivajo na izbiro prevoza. Nizo-ge a zemske pobude dajejo prednost varnosti kolesarjev in mobilnosti pešcev ter poudarjajo področja, ki jih je treba izboljšati. Izpostavljen je pomen strateškega načrtovanja, rking-ao strateške komunikacije med javnostjo in prebivalci uporabnikov javnih dobrin ter načr-f w tov oz. shem za prevoz na delo za namen razvoja trajnostnih vsakodnevnih praks mobilnosti med delovno sposobnimi odraslimi. ealth o Razprava in zaključki: Primerjava z nizozemskimi strategijami poudarja potrebo po celovitih pristopih, ki vključujejo izboljšave infrastrukture in uporabo mehkih ukrepov. Kratkoročni in srednjeročni posegi izpostavljajo razvoj infrastrukture. Spodbude za draslih | h delodajalce, kot so kolesarska parkirišča in subvencije za trajnostni prevoz na delo, igrajo ključno vlogo pri podpiranju trajnostnih praks prevoza med delovno sposobnimi odraslimi. tarejših on s Uspeh Nizozemske pri spodbujanju kolesarjenja poudarja pomen sodelovanja na več ravneh in v celovitih strategijah. Učinkovit politični konsenz je nujen za doseganje ciljev trajnostne mobilnosti v Sloveniji. Slovenija bi morala po zgledu nizozemskih pobud da-ktivnih i ti prednost strateškemu načrtovanju prevozov na delo, razvoju infrastrukture in meh-kim ukrepom za preoblikovanje kulture mobilnosti in spodbujanju trajnostnih praks elovno a prevozov na delo s širšimi posledicami ne le za promet, ampak tudi za nekatere druge politike, kot sta športno-rekreacijska in zdravstvena politika. Ključne besede: trajnost, kolesa, Slovenija, prevoz na delo, delovno sposobni odrasli zdravje d 46 Enhancing Sustainable Mobility: Insights from Cycling Initiatives for Working-Age Adults in Slovenia Sergej Gričar, Urška Longar1, Štefan Bojnec 2 1 University of Novo mesto Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Novo mesto, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Management, Koper, Slovenia Introduction: Daily commuting poses significant chal enges in Slovenia, prompting the exploration of alternative modes such as cycling. While cycling offers various benefits, obstacles such as secure parking and weather resilience persist—Slovenia’s al ocation for sustainable mobility reform trails behind neighbouring Austria, necessitating effective policy interventions. Dutch initiatives emphasise strategic planning and infrastructure development, offering valuable insights for Slovenia’s mobility transition. Methods: This study utilises time-series data analysis spanning 1997 to 2021 and interviews conducted in March 2024 with Dutch government representatives. The afore-mentioned sources underpin current mobility patterns and future perspectives, particularly regarding cycling for daily commuting. Insights from Dutch strategies are . juxtaposed with Slovenian data to identify effective measures for sustainable mobility promotion. Results: Analysis reveals ineffective measures in Slovenia, evidenced by increasing car in)activity . usage amidst declining bicycle utilisation. Factors such as fuel prices and public transport availability significantly influence transportation choices. Dutch initiatives prioritise cyclist safety and pedestrian mobility, highlighting areas for improvement. Insights hysical ( underscore the importance of strategic planning, public-citizenship communication rs, p and commuting plans to develop sustainable daily mobility practices among work-acto ing-age adults. an f Discussion and conclusions: Comparison with Dutch strategies highlights the need for um comprehensive approaches encompassing infrastructure improvements and soft n h measures. Short- and medium-term interventions complement long-term infrastructure developments. Employer incentives, such as bicycle facilities and transportation subsidies, support sustainable commuting practices among working-age adults. hallenges i The Netherlands’ success in promoting cycling underscores the importance of mul- .. | c ti-level col aboration and comprehensive strategies. Effective policy interventions are sti . imperative for achieving sustainable mobility goals in Slovenia. Emulating Dutch initiatives, Slovenia needs to prioritise strategic commuting planning, infrastructure development, and soft measures to reshape mobility culture and foster sustainable com-ne)aktivno muting practices with broader implications for transportation and other policies such as in sport-recreational-health areas. ibalne ( Keywords: sustainability, bikes, Slovenia, commuting, working-age adults ije, gmno rgo čju e drooa p izzivi n 47 Povezanost med 24-urnim gibalnim vedenjem in gibalnimi sposobnostmi starejših odraslih Maja Graj, Nastja Podrekar Loredan, Žiga Kozinc Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Živimo v svetu, v katerem se delež starejšega prebivalstva neprestano poveču-je kar prinaša številne izzive za našo družbo. Med starejšimi odraslimi je zaznan porast telesne nedejavnosti in prekomernega sedentarnega vedenja, kar pospešuje procese staranja posameznika, negativno vpliva na njihove gibalne in kognitivne sposobnosti ter poslabša kakovost življenja in poveča tveganje za smrt. Kot družba se moramo s staranjem soočiti proakitvno, kar vključuje sprejemanje zdravih življenjskih navad, kot so redna telesna dejavnost, uravnotežena prehrana, ureditev spanja in izogibanje škodljivim dejavnikom. Razumevanje povezav med telesno dejavnostjo, sedentarnim vedenjem in gibalnimi sposobnostmi igra pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju učinkovitih pristopov k ohranjanju in krepitvi zdravja v poznejših življenjskih obdobjih. Namen raziskave je ovrednotiti povezanost med 24-urnim gibalnim vedenjem in gibalnimi sposobnostmi starejših odraslih. Metode: V raziskavo smo vključili 30 starejših odraslih starosti 65 let ali več, ki so bi-dults li sposobni samostojne hoje ali s pomočjo pripomočka, ki so obiskovali Center dnevnih aktivnosti za starejše Ljubljana. Preiskovanci so sprva izpolnili vprašalnik o spanju, lder a sedenju in telesni dejavnosti, nato je sledila izvedba testov gibalnih sposobnosti. Pove-nd o zanost med spremenljivkami smo ovrednotili s Pearsonovim koeficientom povezano-ge a sti in s Spearmanovim korelacijskim koeficientom v primeru nenormalno porazdelje-nih spremenljivk. Stopnjo značilnosti smo sprejeli pri α<0,05. rking-ao Rezultati: Večina preiskovancev (90,0%) je dosegala priporočila za telesno dejavnost f w Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije. Skoraj polovica ( 46,7%) preiskovancev je dosegala smernice za telesno dejavnost in izvajala vadbo za krepitev večjih mišičnih skupin. Kanadske smernice je doseglo 70,0% preiskovancev, od katerih je 83,3% dosegalo pri-ealth o poročeno količino spanja (več kot 7 ur na dan) in 80,0% ni presegalo 8 ur sedentarnega vedenja na dan. Analiza povezanosti je pokazala nizko pozitivno povezanost med spanjem in testom 9 zatičev tako z dominantno kot z nedominantno roko. Pri ženskah draslih | h smo našli zmerno negativno povezanost med sedentarnim vedenjem in 6-minutnim testom hoje. Drugih povezanosti med nivoji telesne dejavnosti in sedentarnim vede-tarejših o njem z izbranimi spremenljivkami nismo našli. n s Razprava in zaključki: Naša raziskava je odprla vpogled v kompleksno povezanost med 24-urnim gibalnim vedenjem in gibalnimi sposobnostmi starejših odraslih. Nakazuje ktivnih i se, da imajo osebe, ki manj sedijo, boljšo aerobno pripravljenost in da vadba za moč ugodno vpliva na moč zgornjih okončin in hitrost hoje. Rezultati so obenem pokazali, da je starost močan dejavnik, ki negativno vpliva na gibalne sposobnosti starejših od-elovno a raslih. Ključne besede: starejši odrasli, telesna nedejavnost, sedentarno vedenje, spanje, zdravje d gibalne sposobnosti 48 Association between 24-hour movement behavior and excercise capacity in older adults Maja Graj, Nastja Podrekar Loredan, Žiga Kozinc University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: We live in a world where the share of older adults is constantly increasing and bringing numerous chal enges to our society. Among older adults, there is a noticeable increase in physical inactivity and excessive sedentary behavior, which accelerates the aging processes, negatively impacts their physical and cognitive abilities, deteriorates their quality of life, and increases the risk of mortality. As a society, we must proactively address aging, which includes adopting healthy lifestyle habits such as regular physical activity, balanced diet, managing sleep, and avoiding harmful factors. Understanding the connections between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical abilities plays a crucial role in developing effective approaches to preserving and enhancing health in later life stages. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between 24-hour movement behavior and motor skil s of older adults. Methods: The study included 30 older adults aged 65 years or older, capable of inde- . pendent walking or with the assistance of an aid, who attended the Day activity center for older adults in Ljubljana. Participants initial y completed an online questionnaire of sleep, sitting, and physical activity and underwent a battery of tests to assess their mo-in)activity . tor skil s. The association between variables was evaluated using Pearson‘s correlation coefficient and Spearman‘s correlation coefficient in case of non-normal y distributed variables. The significance level was accepted at α<0.05. hysical ( Results: The majority of participants (90.0%) met the physical activity recommenda-rs, p tions of the World Health Organization. Nearly half (46.7%) of the participants met acto the physical activity guidelines and engaged in exercises to strengthen major muscle an f groups. Canadian guidelines were met by 70.0% of the participants, of whom 83.3% um achieved the recommended amount of sleep (more than 7 hours per day), and 80.0% n h did not exceed 8 hours of sedentary behavior per day. The analysis of the association showed a low positive correlation between sleep and the 9-Hole peg test with both dominant and non-dominant hand. In women, we found a moderate negative corre-hallenges i lation between sedentary behavior and the 6-minute walking test. No other associ- .. | c ations between levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior with selected varia-sti . bles were found. Discussion and Conclusion: Our study provided insight into the complex relationship between 24-hour movement behavior and motor skil s of older adults. It suggests that ne)aktivno individuals who sit less have better aerobic fitness and that strength training positively influences the strength of upper limbs and walking speed. The results also showed that ibalne ( age is a strong factor negatively affecting the physical abilities of older adults. ije, g Keywords: older adults, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, sleep, motor skil s mno rgo čju e drooa p izzivi n 49 Nekateri vidiki življenjskega sloga bodočih vzgojiteljev Jera Gregorc1, Giuliana Jelovčan2, Miran Muhič3 1 Univerza v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Pedagoška fakulteta, Koper, Slovenija 3 Univerza v Mariboru, Pedagoška fakulteta, Maribor, Slovenija Uvod: Poklic vzgojitelja predšolskih otrok je fizično in psihično zahteven. Fizično zato, ker vzgojitelj praviloma večino dneva preživi z več kot 20 otroki v majhnem in relativno hrupnem prostoru, pri čemer mora otroke pogosto dvigovati, se k njim sklanjati, se zadrževati v zanj neoptimalnih držah ipd. ter psihično, ker mora ob tem izvajati pedagoško in administrativno delo, komunicirati s starši, usklajevati delo z drugimi strokov-nimi delavci in se ob tem učinkovito soočati s stresom. Zato je pomembno, da vzgojitelji zgodaj začnejo udejanjati zdrav načina življenja, ki pomembno prispeva k ohranitvi zdravja. Med dejavniki, ki vplivajo na zdravje, so pogosto izpostavljeni prehrana, telesna dejavnost, spanje, konstantnost v telesni teži, spretnost v soočanju s stresom ipd. Oblikovanje življenjskega sloga se začne že v otroštvu, pomembno pa se oblikuje tu-di v času mladostništva in prehoda v odraslost, ko so bodoči vzgojitelji na fakulteti. V prispevku zato analiziramo izbrane vidike življenjskega sloga bodočih slovenskih vzgo-dults jiteljev s ciljem preučiti trenutno stanje, nasloviti morebitne pomanjkljivosti in poiskati priložnosti za ustrezno podporo. lder a Metode: V vzorec smo zajeli 154 študentov 3. letnika Predšolske vzgoje Univerz v Ko-nd o pru, Mariboru in Ljubljani, od tega 81 rednih in 73 izrednih. S pomočjo anketnega vpra-ge a šalnika (prirejenega po Maučec, 2017; Zdravje slovenskih študentov, 2012), ki je obsegal 39 vprašanj, ki so predstavljali izbrane kazalnike življenjskega sloga, smo pridobili rking-a podatke o načinih dnevne migracije študentov, vzdrževanju telesne mase, načinih preo hranjevanja, času spanja, nekaterih razvad, času, pogostosti in intenzivnosti telesnih f w dejavnosti ter mnenja o njihovem znanju in resničnosti udejanjanja nekaterih vidikov zdravega načina življenja. ealth o Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da 24 % študentov živi do 2 km od fakultete, 10,4 % pa od 2 do 5 km. Drugi živijo dlje. Vsi, ki živijo dlje kot 2 km, se na fakulteto pripeljejo z avto-busom ali avtom. 75,3 % študentov presedi na dan več kot 4 ure. 35,7 % študentov je draslih | h v transportu do ene ure, 31,2 % jih je v transportu 2 uri, 33,1 % pa več kot 3 ure, od tega je 75 % vseh v transportu pasivnih. 15,6 % študentov spi manj kot 6 ur, 24 % sla-tarejših o bo ali zelo slabo pozna načine soočanja s stresom, 33,1 % študentov je premalo tele-n s sno dejavnih za ohranjanje zdravja. Med študijem se v povprečju zredi za 2 kg. Razlika med poznavanjem kazalnikov zdravega življenjskega sloga in dejanskim stanjem pa ka- že na neznačilno negativno diskrepanco. ktivnih i Razprava in zaključki: Menimo, da trenutno stanje kaže na manko ozaveščenosti študentov o pomenu zdravega življenjskega sloga, še predvsem v kazalnikih spopadanja elovno a s stresom, ustrezne telesne dejavnosti in izbire aktivnejšega transporta. Diskrepanca med znanjem in udejanjenjem pa nakazuje na potrebo po iskanju vzrokov za diskre-zdravje d panco, pripravo strategij za dvig motivacije, dopolnitev predmetov z vsebinami zdravega življenjskega sloga, prilagoditev urnikov izbirnih predmetov športa na fakultetah v ugodne termine, izvajanje gibalnih odmorov in minut za zdravje. Ključne besede: bodoči vzgojitelji, kazalniki življenjskega sloga, načini podpore 50 Some aspects of the lifestyle of future educators Jera Gregorc1, Giuliana Jelovčan2, Miran Muhič3 1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Education, Koper, Slovenia 3 University of Maribor, Faculty of Education, Maribor, Slovenia Introduction: The profession of preschool teacher is physical y and mental y demanding. Physical y, because they usual y spend most of the day with more than 20 children in a small and relatively noisy room, where they often have to lift the children, bend down to them, hold them in suboptimal postures, etc., and mental y, because they have to perform pedagogical and administrative work, communicate with parents, coordinate with other professionals and deal effectively with stress. It is therefore important for preschool teachers to start early to adopt a healthy lifestyle, which makes an important contribution to maintaining good health. Factors that influence health often include diet, physical activity, sleep, weight stability, coping strategies, etc. Lifestyle shaping begins in childhood, but is also important in adolescence and the transition to adulthood, when future preschool teachers are at faculty. This paper therefore anal- . yses selected aspects of the lifestyles of future Slovenian preschool teachers with the aim of examining the current situation, addressing potential gaps and identifying opportunities for appropriate support. in)activity . Methods: 154 third-year students of Preschool Education at the Universities of Koper, Maribor and Ljubljana were included in the sample, 81 ful -time and 73 part-time. A questionnaire (adapted from Maučec, 2017; Health of Slovenian Students, 2012) hysical ( containing 39 questions on selected lifestyle indicators was used to col ect data on rs, p students’ daily migration patterns, weight maintenance, eating habits, sleep duration, some habits, time, frequency and intensity of physical activities, as well as their opin-acto ions on their knowledge and actual implementation of some aspects of a healthy life-an f style. um n h Results: We found that 24% of students live within 2 km of the faculty and 10.4% live between 2 and 5 km. Others live further away. All those who live further than 2 km away travel to the faculty by bus or car. 75.3 % of students spend more than 4 hours a hallenges i day on the road. 35.7 % of students are on the road for up to 1 hour, 31.2 % are on the .. | c road for 2 hours, 33.1 % are on the road for more than 3 hours, 75 % of all students sti . are passive in traffic. 15.6% of students sleep less than 6 hours, 24% have poor or very poor knowledge of how to deal with stress, 33.1% of students are not physical y active enough to stay healthy. 15.6% of students sleep less than 6 hours, 24% have poor or very poor knowledge of how to manage stress, 33.1% of students are not physical y ne)aktivno active enough to stay healthy. The average body weight increases by almost 2 kg over three years. The difference between knowledge of healthy lifestyle indicators and the ibalne ( actual situation shows a non-significant negative discrepancy. ije, gm Discussion and conclusions: We believe that the current situation reflects a lack of no awareness among students of the importance of healthy lifestyles, particularly in rela-rgo tion to the indicators of stress management, appropriate physical activity and choos- čju e ing more active modes of transportation. The discrepancy between knowledge and implementation shows that it is necessary to identify the causes of this discrepancy, droo develop strategies to increase motivation, include healthy lifestyle content in courses, a p adapt the schedules of electives at faculties to favourable dates, introduce physical activity breaks and health protocols. izzivi n Keywords: preschool teachers, promotion methods, lifestyle indicators 51 Preprečevanje z delom povezanih mišično-skeletnih obolenj med zaposlenimi v zdravstvu in socialnem varstvu Anja Grušovnik Mušič, Alenka Omerzel Vitadom, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Mišično-skeletna obolenja so najpogostejša zdravstvena težava, povezana z delom. Med najbolj ogroženimi za pojav obolenj mišično-skeletnega sistema so zaposleni v zdravstvu in socialnovarstvenih ustanovah. O težavah najpogosteje poročajo medicinske sestre in negovalci. Ta obolenja vplivajo na zmanjšano sposobnost pri delu, kakovost življenja in druge nezmožnosti. So veliko stroškovno breme za posameznika, podjetja in družbo. Preprečevanje mišično-skeletnih obolenj pri delavcih in spodbujanje njihovega mišično-skeletnega zdravja je ključnega pomena, da lahko kakovostno delajo dlje. Za preprečevanje so potrebni prilagojeni in strukturirani programi, ki zaposlenim omogočajo dostop do informacij in znanja. Delovni terapevt in fizioterapevt sta strokovnjaka, ki sta zaposlena v zdravstvenih in socialnovarstvenih ustanovah. Poznata delovne razmere in sta usposobljena za področja preventivnega delovanja, ergonomije in prilagajanja okolja ter rehabilitacije. Smiselno je, da se s svojim znanjem in izkušnjami aktivno vključujeta v programe za preprečevanje z delom dults povezanih mišično-skeletnih obolenj. Predstavitev vsebine: Mišično-skeletna obolenja se največkrat pojavljajo zaradi roko-lder a vanja s pacienti in opremo ter pri oskrbi pacientov. Največji dejavnik tveganja je ro-nd o kovanje s pacienti, saj je oskrba sestavljena iz velikega števila fizično napornih opra-ge a vil. Številne študije so se osredotočile na opredelitev najboljših preventivnih praks za zmanjšanje mišično-skeletnih obolenj, povezanih z rokovanjem s pacienti. Te študije rking-a kažejo, da so uspešnejši programi, ki vključujejo izobraževalne programe, programe o telesne vadbe in telesne pripravljenosti, prilagojeno organizacijo dela ter uporabo me-f w hanske opreme za rokovanje. Za uspešno implementacijo je ključna tudi dobra analiza delovnih razmer, ki so v zdravstvenih in socialnovarstvenih ustanovah zelo specifične. ealth o Delovni terapevt in fizioterapevt sta zdravstvena delavca, ki s svojim znanjem in izku- šnjami sodelujeta pri vseh fazah preventivnih programov. Z znanji, ki jih imata na področju rehabilitacije, lahko dobro opredelita zahteve in posebnosti pacientov. Delovni draslih | h terapevt lahko s svojimi znanji vpliva na uspešnost in participacijo zaposlenih pri delovnih nalogah na fizičnem, psihološkem in kognitivnem področju zaposlenega in na okolje, v katerem delo poteka. Fizioterapevt pa lahko prispeva s svojim znanjem na po-tarejših o dročju preprečevanja poškodb, izboljšanja telesne zmogljivosti in spodbujanja k bolj n s zdravemu življenjskemu slogu. Oba strokovnjaka sta odlično opremljena z znanjem na področju ergonomije in izobraževanja. Njuna vloga je zato pri uspešnem izvajanju pre-ktivnih i ventivnih programov vedno bolj prepoznavna. Sklepne ugotovitve: Preventivni program za preprečevanje z delom povezanih mišično-elovno a -skeletnih obolenj v zdravstvenih in socialnovarstvenih ustanovah mora upoštevati posebnosti zaposlenih in pacientov. Delovni terapevt in fizioterapevt lahko pomembno pripomoreta k uspešni implementaciji takega programa. zdravje d Ključne besede: delovni terapevt, fizioterapevt, ergonomija 52 Prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among health and social care workers Anja Grušovnik Mušič, Alenka Omerzel Vitadom, Ljubljana, Slovenia Background and purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common work-related health problem. Employees in the health and social care sectors are among those most at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Nurses and carers most commonly report these problems. These conditions reduce the ability to work and quality of life and cause other disabilities. They are a significant cost burden for individuals, businesses and society. Preventing musculoskeletal disorders in workers and promoting their musculoskeletal health is critical for enabling them to work longer and with better quality. Prevention requires tailored and structured programmes that give employees access to information and knowledge. Occupational therapists and physiotherapists are professionals working in health and social care settings. They are familiar with working conditions and trained in preventive action, ergonomics, environmental adaptation, and rehabilitation. It is reasonable for them to actively involve . their knowledge and experience in programmes to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Content presentation: Patient handling, equipment manipulation, and patient care often in)activity . cause musculoskeletal disorders. Patient handling is the most significant risk factor, as patient care involves many physical y demanding tasks. Many studies have focused on identifying the best preventive practices to reduce musculoskeletal disorders associat-hysical ( ed with patient handling. These studies show that preventative programmes, including rs, p educational programmes, exercise and fitness programmes, adapted work organisation, and mechanical handling equipment, are more successful. A good analysis of the acto conditions, which are very specific in health and social care settings, is also crucial for an f successful implementation. Occupational therapists and physiotherapists are health um professionals who bring their expertise and experience to all phases of prevention n h programmes. With their knowledge of rehabilitation, they are wel -placed to identify the requirements and specificities of patients. Occupational therapists can use their skil s to influence the performance and participation of employees in their work tasks hallenges i in the physical, psychological and cognitive domains of the employee and the work en- .. | c vironment. A physiotherapist can contribute with knowledge in injury prevention, im-sti . proving physical performance and encouraging healthier lifestyles. Both professionals are wel -equipped with knowledge in ergonomics and education. Their role in the successful implementation of prevention programmes is therefore increasingly recog-ne)aktivno nised. Conclusions: Prevention programmes for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ibalne ( health and social care settings should consider the specificities of employees and pa-ije, gm tients. Occupational therapists and physiotherapists can significantly contribute to no successfully implementing such programmes. rgo Keywords: occupational therapist, physiotherapist, ergonomics čju e drooa p izzivi n 53 Pomen presejanja v fizioterapiji Barbara Pantar Fizioterapija Pantar Barbara, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: V nekaterih evropskih državah imajo pacienti pravico do samonapotitve ali pregleda brez napotitve zdravnika pri triažnemu fizioterapevtu, ki ima dodatna strokovna znanja in je sposoben naprednega kliničnega sklepanja. Triažni fizioterapevt mora biti usposobljen pravočasno prepoznavati znake in simptome resnega obolenja, ki ni živčno mišično skeletno. Proces presejanja (angl. screening) omogoča fizioterapevtu zaznavati opozorilne znake - rdeče zastavice, ki zahtevajo dodatno zdravniško pozornost. Razlog za dvom in napotitev k zdravniku specialistu je lahko tudi nepričakovan iz-id ali neodzivnost simptomov na fizioterapevtsko obravnavo. Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda raziskovanja z iskanjem literature v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in Cinahl med novembrom 2023 in marcem 2024. V pregled so bile vključene prostodostopne randomizirane kontrolirane študije in sistematični pregledni članki objavljeni po letu 2018. Iskali smo z iskalnim nizom ključnih besed ali njihove kombinacije v angleškem jeziku: direct access, physiotherapy, redflags. dults Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih 12 raziskav, ki so raziskovale učinke in posledice možnosti samonapotitve ali dostopa do fizioterapije brez napotitve zdravnika. Avtor-lder a ji večinoma poročajo o zmanjšanju števila napotitev k zdravnikom specialistom, zmanj- šanju porabe zdravil, izboljšanju pacientovega zadovoljstva z zdravstveno oskrbo in s nd o tem zmanjšanju stroškov zdravljenja. ge a Razprava in zaključki: Fizioterapevt ima odgovorno nalogo v procesu zagotavljanja pacientove osnovne pravice do primerne, varne in kakovostne obravnave. Fizioterapev-rking-ao tsko obravnavo načrtuje na podlagi fizioterapevtskega pregleda, ki mora čimbolj jasno f w izključiti prisotnost resnih obolenj ali zaznati posameznike pri katerih resna obolenja še niso bila odkrita. Proces presejanja fizioterapevtom pomaga določiti stopnjo dvo-ealth o ma o tem ali je dotični pacient primeren za fizioterapevtsko obravnavo in izbrati najbolj učinkovit fizioterapevtski postopek. Ključne besede: screening, rdeče zastavice, fizioterapija, fizioterapevtska diagnoza draslih | h tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 54 The importance of screening in physiotherapy Barbara Pantar Fizioterapija Pantar Barbara, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: In some European countries, patients have the right to self-referral or examination without referral from a doctor to a triage physiotherapist who has additional expertise and is capable of advanced clinical reasoning. A triage physical therapist must be trained in a timely manner to identify signs and symptoms of a serious il ness other than neuromusculoskeletal disorders. The screening process al ows the physiotherapist to detect warning signs – red flags that require additional medical attention. The reason for doubt and referral to a specialist doctor may also be an unexpected outcome or unresponsiveness of symptoms to physiotherapeutic treatment . Methods: A descriptive method of literature search in the PubMed and Cinahl databases between November 2023 and March 2024 was conducted. The review included open access of randomized control ed trials and systematic reviews published since 2018. We searched using the search string of keywords or their combinations in English: direct access, physiotherapy, red flags. . Results: The review included 12 studies that investigated the effects and implications of self-referral options or access to physiotherapy without referral to a doctor. The authors mostly report a decrease in the number of referrals to specialist doctors, a de-in)activity . crease in drug consumption, an improvement in the patient’s satisfaction with medical care, and thus a reduction in treatment costs. hysical ( Discussion and conclusions: A physical therapist has a responsible task in the process rs, p of ensuring the patient’s basic right to appropriate, safe and quality treatment. Physiotherapeutic treatment is planned on the basis of a physiotherapeutic examination, acto which must exclude as clearly as possible the presence of serious il nesses or detect an f individuals in whom serious il nesses have not yet been detected. The screening pro-um cess helps physiotherapists determine the degree of doubt about whether the patient n h in question is suitable for physiotherapeutic treatment and choose the most effective physiotherapeutic procedure. Keywords: screening, red flags, physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic diagnosis hallenges i .. | c sti . ne)aktivno ibalne ( ije, gmno rgo čju e drooa p izzivi n 55 Ergonomija dela in bolečina v križu pri patronažnih sestrah v Sloveniji Nuša Trlep, Tatjana Horvat Alma Mater Europaea, Evropski center, Maribor, Slovenija Uvod: Hiter tempo življenja in svetovne demografske in zdravstvene spremembe so povzročili naglo povečanje števila ljudi, ki se soočajo z invalidnostjo zaradi nenalezljivih bolezni. Prevladujoči vzrok invalidnosti v skupini nenalezljivih bolezni so mišično-skeletna obolenja. Na prvem mestu je že vrsto let bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta, imenovana tudi bolečina v križu. Zato smo se v raziskavi osredotočili na pojavnost boleči-ne v križu pri medicinskih sestrah, zaposlenih v patronažni službi v Sloveniji, ugotavljali vpliv delovne dobe na pojavnost bolečine v križu pri le-teh ter preverjali željo patrona- žnih medicinskih sester v Sloveniji po dodatnem znanju in veščinah s področja ergonomije njihovega delovnega mesta. Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop. Uporabili smo metodo anketiranja ter za raziskovalni instrument uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je sodelujoče spraševal o bolečini v križu v času odkar delujejo na mestu patronažne sestre. V vzorec je bilo vključenih 91 medicinskih sester, od katerih jih je 90 bilo zaposlenih v patronažni dejavnosti v Sloveniji. dults Rezultati: O pojavnosti bolečine v hrbtenici zaradi delovne obremenitve poroča 70 % lder a anketirank. Ugotovili smo, da 29 (32 %) sodelujočih anketirank občuti bolečino v ledveni hrbtenici, bolečino v vratnem in prsnem delu navaja 14 anketirank (15 %). 21 (23 nd o %) anketirank je navedlo, da se bolečine pojavljajo tako v vratnem in prsnem, kot tudi ge a v ledvenem delu hrbtenice. 27 anketirank (30 %) ne navaja bolečin v hrbtenici.15 % anketirank je bilo zaradi bolečine v hrbtenici kasneje tudi odsotnih z dela, skoraj vse an-rking-ao ketiranke (87,9 %) si želijo dodatno znanje in veščine s področja ergonomije njihove-f w ga delovnega mesta. Razprava in zaključki: Dosedanje raziskave poročajo, da se bolečina v hrbtenici med ealth o zaposlenimi zdravstvenimi delavci najpogosteje pojavlja v predelu ledvene hrbtenice oziroma v križu. Zaključimo lahko, da je pojavnost bolečine v križu povezana z odso-tnostjo z dela, medtem ko delovna doba na pojavnost bolečine v križu ne vpliva. Za-draslih | h radi želje anketirank po dodatnem znanju s področja ergonomije njihovega delovnega mesta, lahko sklepamo, da je potreba po uvedbi dodatnih izobraževanj in po ozave- ščanju zdravstvenih delavcev o pravilnih tehnikah premeščanja in ergonomiji na delov-tarejših o nem mestu nujna. n s Ključne besede: ledvena hrbtenica, patronažne medicinske sestre, ergonomija, boleči-na v križu ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 56 Work ergonomics and low back pain among patronage nurses in Slovenia Nuša Trlep, Tatjana Horvat Alma Mater Europaea, European Center, Maribor, Slovenia Introduction: The fast pace of life and global demographic and health changes have led to a rapid increase in the number of people experiencing disability due to non-communicable diseases. The predominant cause of disability in the noncommunicable group is musculoskeletal disorders. Lower back pain, also known as low back pain, has been the leading cause for many years. Therefore, in this thesis we focused on the prevalence of low back pain in nurses working in the patronage service in Slovenia, the influence of working years on the prevalence of low back pain in these nurses, and the desire of nurses working in the patronage service in Slovenia to acquire additional knowledge and skil s in the field of ergonomics of their workplace. Methods: We used a survey and a questionnaire as a research instrument. The sample consisted of 91 nurses working in the field of patronage nurding in Slovenia. Results: 70% of the respondents reported back pain due to workload, with the most . frequent occurrence in the lower back area. We found that 29 (32%) participating respondents experienced pain in the lumbar spine, while 14 respondents (15%) reported pain in the cervical and thoracic regions. 21 (23%) respondents stated that they ex-in)activity . perienced pain in both the cervical and thoracic regions as well as the lumbar region of the spine. 27 respondents (30%) did not report any spinal pain. 15% of the respondents had also been absent from work later due to back pain, and almost all (87.9%) of hysical ( the respondents would like to gain additional knowledge and skil s in ergonomics in rs, p their workplace. acto Discussion: Previous studies report that spinal pain is most commonly experienced an f among employed healthcare workers in the lumbar spine or lower back region. We um can conclude that low back pain is associated with absenteeism from work, whereas n h low back pain is not influenced by the length of service. The respondents’ desire for additional ergonomic knowledge at their workplace suggests a need to introduce additional training and raise awareness among health professionals about correct repo-hallenges i sitioning techniques and ergonomics at the workplace. .. | c Keywords: lumbar spine, patronage nurses, ergonomics, low back pain sti . ne)aktivno ibalne ( ije, gmno rgo čju e drooa p izzivi n 57 Sekcija/Section Prehrana in zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Nutrition and health of working-age and older adults Vabljeno predavanje Sistemski pogled na obvladovanje tveganj za zdravje Lilijana Vouk Grbac Ortopedska bolnišnica Valdoltra - Ospedale ortopedico Valdoltra, Ankaran, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Pojem zdravja, vplivov na zdravje in zagotavljanje zdravstvenih potreb lahko obravnavamo iz različnih zornih kotov, bodisi kot pomen zdravja za človeka ali družbo, kot ohranjanje ali izboljševanje zdravja, ali kot človek - sistem, povezan in vključen v različne sisteme okolja. Prepoznava in obvladovanje tveganj za zdravje omogoča pravočasno ukrepanje za preprečitev ali zmanjšanje posledic. Za razumevanje tveganj ali posledic na zdravju posameznika se je potrebno zavedati kompleksno-sti človeka kot celote. Predstavitev vsebine: Zdravje je eden od najbolj cenjenih vidikov človekovega življenja. Večinoma ga sprejemamo kot naravno danost, kot samoumevno in normalno stanje, dokler se ne pojavi bolečina, bolezen ali začutimo, da se zaradi različnih razlogov težje spopadamo z vsakdanjimi aktivnostmi, dojemanjem ali prilagajanjem vplivom okolja. Iz dults vidika obravnavanja človeka kot sistema, ki je vključen in povezan z več sistemi v okolju, s katerimi tvori skupni sistem, je potrebno razumeti tudi dinamiko in teorijo delo-lder a vanja sistemov. Živi sistemi, kot je človeško telo ali drevo ali pa neka družba niso le sku-nd o pek delov, temveč nenehno rastejo in se spreminjajo, skupaj s svojimi deli. Preventivno ge a obvladovanje možnih ali prepoznanih tveganj v proizvodnih in storitvenih procesih v industriji predstavlja enega izmed pomembnejših temeljev učinkovite sistemske orga-rking-a nizacije. Znižuje stroške zaradi napak v proizvodnji, dviguje kakovost, povečuje zaupa-o nje kupcev. V zdravstvu gre to počasneje. Razlogi izhajajo iz ohlapnih procesov in vlog f w zdravstvenega osebja ter sistemsko neučinkovitega preventivnega prepoznavanja problemov in obvladovanja tveganj. Kompleksnost medicinskih procesov, poleg paciento-ealth o ve specifičnosti in edinstvenosti, ponuja izgovor proti standardizaciji postopkov. Dej- | h stvo je, da vsak človek dojema pojem zdravja na svoj način, prav tako na subjektiven način opiše bolečino ali doživlja bolezen. Odnos in zaupanje med pacientom in zdra-draslih vstvenim delavcem sta ključna. Poleg tega morajo biti zagotovljeni ustrezni in zadostni viri za izvajanje vseh potrebnih aktivnosti v povezanih procesih sistema, kot so kompe-tentni kadri, ustrezna oprema, ustrezne operacijske dvorane, čistost zraka, sterilnost tarejših o medicinskih pripomočkov, pravočasne in ustrezne informacije in drugo. n s Proces prehranske oskrbe hospitaliziranega pacienta je del sistema zdravstvene oskrbe, ki zajema prepoznavo potreb pacienta glede na zdravstveno stanje in stanje pre-ktivnih i hranjenosti, pripravo ustrezne in zadostne hrane glede na predpisano dieto in obvladovanje vseh tveganj za varnost in kakovost oskrbe. elovno a Sklepne ugotovitve: Zavedanje o koristi sistemskega pristopa za obvladovanje tveganj se iz industrije seli tudi v storitvene dejavnosti, kot je zdravstvo. Pri tem je pomembna vključenost zaposlenih, nivo ozaveščenosti o pomenu tveganj in obvladovanju le-zdravje d -teh, voditeljstvo in nenazadnje razpoložljivi in ustrezno obvladovani viri, ki zagotavljajo ustrezne pogoje za izvajanje vseh potrebnih aktivnosti v povezanih procesih sistema. Ključne besede: sistem, obvladovanje tveganj, zdravstvo, proces prehranske oskrbe 60 Invited lecture A systemic view of health risk management Lilijana Vouk Grbac Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, Ankaran, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: The concept of health, impacts on health and the provision of health needs can be considered from different perspectives, either as the importance of health for a person or society, as maintaining or improving health, or as a human - a system connected and included in various environmental systems. Recognizing and managing health risks enables timely action to prevent or reduce the consequences. In order to understand the risks or consequences on an individual’s health, it is necessary to be aware of the complexity of the human being as a whole. Content presentation: Health is one of the most valued aspects of human life. We usual y accept it as a natural given, as a self-evident and normal condition, until pain and il ness appears or we feel that it is more difficult to cope with everyday activities, perception or adaptation to environmental influences for various reasons. From the point dults of view of treating man as a system that is included and connected to several systems in the environment, with which it forms a common system, it is also necessary to un-lder a derstand the dynamics and the theory of systems. Living systems, such as a human body or a tree or a society, are not just a col ection of parts, but are constantly grow-nd o ing and changing, along with their parts. Preventive management of possible or identi-ge a fied risks in production and service processes in industry is one of the most important foundations of an effective system organization. It reduces costs due to production er-rking-ao rors, raises quality, increases customer confidence. In health care, the introduction of f w this principle is being undertaken more slowly. The reasons stem from lax processes and roles of medical personnel, as well as systemical y inefficient preventive problem ealth o identification and risk management. The complexity of medical processes, in addition to the patient’s specificity and uniqueness, offers an excuse against the standardization nd h of procedures. The fact is that each person perceives the concept of health in his own n a way. It also describes pain or experiencing il ness in a subjective way. utritio The relationship and trust between the patient and the healthcare professional is crucial. In addition, adequate and sufficient resources must be provided for the implementation of all necessary activities in the related processes of the system, such as com-draslih | n petent personnel, adequate equipment, adequate operating rooms, air cleanliness, sterility of medical devices, timely and relevant information, and others. The process of nutritional care of a hospitalized patient is part of the health care system, which in-tarejših o cludes identifying the patient’s needs in terms of health and nutritional status, prepar-n s ing adequate and sufficient food according to the prescribed diet, and managing al risks to the safety and quality of care. ktivnih i Key findings: Awareness of the benefits of a systemic approach to risk management is transitioning from industry to service sectors, such as healthcare. In this context, the involvement of employees, the level of awareness of the importance of risks and their elovno a management, leadership and, last but not least, the available and properly managed resources that provide adequate conditions for the implementation of all necessary dravje d activities in the related processes of the system are crucial. n z Keywords: system, risk management, healthcare, nutrition care process prehrana i 61 Redoks stanje in dolgoživost pri vsejedih, veganih, vegetarijancih in posameznikih na nizko ogljikohidratni in visoko maščobni prehrani Nives Bogataj Jontez, Karin Šik Novak, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Redoks stanje v telesu je pomemben dejavnik pri staranju in nastanku s staranjem povezanih bolezni. Poleg tega je bilo redoks stanje povezano z izražanjem sir-tuina 1 (SIRT1), ki je neposredno povezan z dolgoživostjo, vendar pa redoks stanje in SIRT1 nista bila raziskana pri ljudeh, ki se prehranjujejo na različne načine in iz prehrane izločijo celotno skupino živil. Metode: Prehranski vnos, serumska celokupna antioksidativna kapaciteta (TAC), antioksidativni kapaciteti vodne frakcije seruma (ACW) in ločeno lipidne frakcije seruma (ACL), razmerje NAD+/NADH (D/DH), izražanje antioksidativnih encimov katalaze, superoksid dismutaze in glutation peroksidaze ter izražanje SIRT1 so bili izmerjeni pri 88 odraslih, ki so bili vsejedi (O, n=22), vegani (V, n=23), vegetarijanci (VG, n=21) in posamezniki na nizko ogljikohidratni in visoko maščobni prehrani (LCHF, n=22). Preiskovanci so bili zdravi odrasli s stabilno telesno maso, ki so se na enak način prehra-dults njevali vsaj 6 mesecev; prehranske skupine so bile primerljive po indeksu telesne ma-se, maščobni masi, pusti telesni masi, telesni dejavnosti in kajenju. lder a Rezultati: TAC in D/DH sta bila najvišja pri V, sledili so O ter LCHF, in najnižja pri VG, nd o kjer sta bila statistično značilno nižja kot pri V. D/DH je bil pozitivno povezan s celo-ge a kupno kapaciteto absorpcije kisikovih radikalov zaužite hrane in kakovostjo prehrane, ocenjeno z indeksom zdrave prehrane (ang. Healthy Eating Indeks). ACW in ACL rking-ao se med prehranskimi skupinami nista razlikovali, prav tako se izražanje katalaze, supe-f w roksid dismutaze in glutation peroksidaze med prehranskimi skupinami ni razlikovalo. SIRT1 se kljub visokim razlikam v povprečni vrednosti (od najvišjega do najnižjega izra- žanja so si sledili O, V, VG in LCHF) ni značilno razlikoval med skupinami, bil pa je po-ealth o zitivno povezan s kakovostjo prehrane. Hierarhični regresijski model je pokazal spol, starost in izražanje katalaze in superoksid dismutaze kot značilne prediktorje TAC ter spol in kakovost prehrane kot značilna prediktorja D/DH. TAC je bil višji pri moških, draslih | h medtem ko je bil D/DH višji pri ženskah. Pri moških je bila višja ACW in višje izražanje katalaze in superoksid dismutaze. tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Redoks stanje v telesu je rezultat delovanja več dejavnikov, tako n s endogenih kot eksogenih. Študija je pokazala, da imajo V boljše redoks stanje v telesu, najverjetneje prav zaradi višje kakovosti prehrane in boljših izbir živil znotraj pre-ktivnih i hranjevalnega načina. Kakovost prehrane se je izkazala kot pomemben dejavnik pri redoks stanju in pri nivoju SIRT1, ki je neposredno povezan z zdravim staranjem in dolgoživostjo. Poleg tega je študija pokazala pomembne razlike med spoloma, nadalj-elovno a nje analize so potrebne, da bi lahko podrobneje pojasnili povezavo med SIRT1 in redoks stanjem v telesu. zdravje d Ključne besede: antioksidativna kapaciteta seruma, razmerje NAD+/NADH, sirtuin 1, kakovost prehrane 62 Redox state and longevity in omnivore, vegan, vegetarian and low carbohydrate high fat diet Nives Bogataj Jontez, Karin Šik Novak, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Redox state and longevity are tightly connected, with redox state being associated with aging and the development of age-related diseases. Additional y, redox state has been associated with the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is considered a marker of longevity. However, the comparison of redox state and SIRT1 among dietary groups, that exclude whole food groups from their diet, has not yet been investigated. Methods: Dietary intake, serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC), serum antioxidative capacity of water-soluble compounds (ACW), serum antioxidative capacity of lipid-soluble compounds (ACL), NAD+/NADH ratio (D/DH), and expression of antioxidative enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as wel as SIRT1 were measured in 88 healthy subjects with stable body mass and consistent dietary pattern for at least 6 months. The subjects were omnivores (O, n=22), vegans dults (V, n=23), vegetarians (VG, n=21) and individuals fol owing low carbohydrate high fat diet (LCHF, n=22). The dietary groups were homogeneous in terms of BMI, fat mass, lder a fat-free mass, physical activity and smoking. nd o Results: TAC and D/DH were highest in V, fol owed by O, LCHF and VG, with signif-ge a icant difference compared to V. D/DH was positively associated with total oxidative radical absorbance capacity of ingested food and with diet quality assessed with Healthy Eating Index. ACW and ACL did not differ between dietary groups, nor did rking-ao the expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Al-f w though there was a noticeable difference in mean values (with expression levels in the order O, V, VG, and LCHF), SIRT1 did not differ significantly between groups. SIRT1 ealth o expression was positively associated with diet quality. The hierarchical regression nd h model identified gender, age and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase as n a significant predictors of TAC, while gender and diet quality were significant predictors of D/DH. TAC was higher in men, whereas D/DH was higher in women. Addition-utritio al y, ACW and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher in men. Discussion and conclusions: The body’s redox state is a multifactorial marker influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study demonstrated better redox draslih | n state in V, which may be due to better diet quality and food choices within their dietary pattern. Diet quality was found to be an important factor for both redox state and SIRT1, which is independently associated with healthy ageing and longevity. Our tarejših o results also revealed significant differences between genders, and further analyses are n s needed to clarify the expression of SIRT1 and its association with the redox state of the body. ktivnih i Keywords: serum antioxidative capacity, NAD+/NADH ratio, sirtuin 1, diet quality elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 63 Učinki časovno omejenega prehranjevanja z energijsko restrikcijo na antropometrične parametre ter kakovost spanja in življenja odraslih oseb s prekomerno telesno maso in debelostjo Tanja Črešnovar, Bernarda Habe, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Ana Petelin Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Prekomerna telesna masa in debelost sta po vsem svetu velik javnozdravstveni problem. Debelost je povezana s pojavnostjo kronično nenalezljivih bolezni, nižjo kakovostjo življenja in slabšo kakovostjo spanja. Standardna prehranska strategija za zniževanje telesne mase je energijska restrikcija (CR). Ker živimo v sodobnem, hitrem življenjskem slogu, pa je v zadnjih letih vse bolj priljubljeno časovno omejeno prehranjevanje (TRE) in zaradi krajšega časa prehranjevanja in s tem lažjega vsakodnevne-ga upoštevanja prehranskega vzorca izvedljiva nova krono-prehranska strategija za zmanjšanje telesne mase in izboljšanje presnovnega zdravja. TRE je oblika prekini-tvenega posta, pri katerem je dnevno okno za prehranjevanje omejeno na določeno stalno časovno obdobje, običajno med 4 in 12 urami, preostale ure pa poteka poste-nje. TRE razdelimo na jutranje časovno omejeno prehranjevanje (eTRE) in popoldan-dults sko časovno omejeno prehranjevanje (lTRE). Neposredna primerjava eTRE+CR in lTRE+CR o učinkih na kazalnike zdravja je nova raziskovalna tema, zato je bil namen lder a raziskave preučiti učinke eTRE+CR ter lTRE+CR v primerjavi s CR na antropometrič- nd o ne parametre, kakovost spanja in kakovost življenja pri asimptomatskih odraslih s prekomerno telesno maso in debelostjo. ge a Metode: V trimesečni intervencijski študiji je bilo 93 udeležencev razvrščenih v tri sku-rking-a pine glede na njihov individualni kronotip: eTRE+CR (okno prehranjevanja med 8.00 o in 16.00), lTRE+CR (12.00 in 20.00) in CR (8.00 in 20.00). V vseh treh skupinah je bila f w predpisana enaka CR, struktura in število obrokov. Dnevne potrebe po energiji so bi-le izračunane na podlagi hitrosti presnove v mirovanju vsakega posameznika, pomno-ealth o žene s stopnjo telesne dejavnosti in zmanjšane za -2093 kJ/-500 kcal. Na začetku in po treh mesecih intervencije so bile izvedene meritve telesne mase, obsega pasu (WC), analiza telesne sestave in meritve krvnega tlaka ter ocena kakovosti spanja in življenja. draslih | h Rezultati: Vse tri skupine, eTRE+CR, lTRE+CR in CR, so pokazale statistično pomembne učinke na zmanjšanje telesne mase, odstotka telesne maščobe (FM), visce-tarejših o ralno maščobo, WC, pusto telesno maso in mišično maso, presnovno starost (MA), n s sistolični krvni tlak, diastolični krvni tlak (DBP) in povečanje odstotka skupne telesne vode (TBW) ter kakovosti življenja po koncu intervencije, vendar je eTRE+CR prine-sel dodatni učinek pri FM (%), TBW (%), MA in DBP (p < 0.05) v primerjavi z lTRE+CR ktivnih i in CR ter večjo učinkovitost spanca v primerjavi s CR. Razprava in zaključki: V študiji smo ugotovili, da je bil eTRE+CR učinkovitejši pri zmanj-elovno a šanju FM (%), DBP, MA in povečanju TBW (%) ter učinkovitosti spanca v primerjavi s samim lTRE+CR in/ali CR. Vsi drugi parametri se med skupinami niso razlikovali. zdravje d Ključne besede: zgodnje in pozno časovno omejeno prehranjevanje, energijska restrikcija, antropometrični parametri, kakovost spanja, kakovost življenja 64 Effects of time restricted eating with energy restriction on anthropometric parameters, sleep quality and quality of life in overweight and obese adults Tanja Črešnovar, Bernarda Habe, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Ana Petelin University of Primorska Faculty of Health Science, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Worldwide, overweight and obesity are a major public health problem. Obesity is correlated with the incidence of cronic non-communicable diseases, lower quality of life and poorer quality of sleep. The standard dietary strategy for weight loss is caloric restriction (CR). As we live in a modern, fast-paced lifestyle, ‘time-restricted eating’ (TRE) has become increasingly popular in recent years and is a feasible new chrono-nutritional strategy for weight loss and metabolic health improvements due to the shorter eating time and thus easier daily adherence to dietary pattern. TRE is a form of intermittent fasting in which the daily eating window is limited to a specific consistent period of time, usual y between 4 and 12 hours, with fasting duration the remaining hours. TRE can be divided into early time-restricted eating (eTRE) and late TRE (lTRE). A direct comparison of the effects of eTRE+CR and lTRE+CR on health indicators is a new research topic, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects dults of eTRE+CR and lTRE+CR vs. CR on anthropometric parameters, sleep quality and quality of life in asymptomatic adults with overweight and obesity. lder a Methods: In the 3-month intervention study, 93 participants were assigned into three nd o groups according to their individual chronotype: eTRE+CR (eating window between ge a 8:00-16:00), lTRE+CR (eating window between 12:00-20:00) and CR (eating window between 8:00-20:00). In all three groups a similar energy deficit was prescribed and rking-ao were identical in terms of structure and number of meals. Daily energy requirements f w were calculated based on the resting metabolic rate of each individual multiplied by the physical activity level and reduced by -2093 kJ/-500 kcal. Measurements of body ealth o weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body composition analysis and blood pressure measurements were taken and sleep quality and quality of life was assesed at the nd h baseline and after three months of the intervention, after at least 12 h of fasting. n a Results: All three groups, eTRE+CR, lTRE+CR and CR showed statistical y significant utritio effects on the reduction of BW, body fat percentage (FM), visceral fat rating, WC, fat free mass, muscle mass, metabolic age (MA), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and increase in percentage total body water (TBW) and quality of life after the end of intervention, although eTRE+CR yielded more benefits on FM (%), draslih | n TBW (%), MA and DBP (p < 0.05) compared to lTRE+CR and CR and greater sleep efficiency compared with CR. tarejših o Discussion and conclusions: In this study, we found that eTRE+CR was more effective n s in reducing FM (%), DBP, MA and increasing TBW (%) and sleep efficiency compared to lTRE+CR and/or CR alone. All other parameters did not differ between groups. ktivnih i Keywords: early and late time restricted eating, caloric restriction, anthropometric parameters, sleep quality, quality of life elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 65 Ultrasonografske meritve skupnih karotidnih arterij pri časovno omejenem prehranjevanju Nebojša Đurišić1,2, Tanja Črešnovar1, Bernarda Habe1, Ana Petelin1, Zala Jenko Pražnikar1, Saša Kenig1 1Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2ECD, Koper Uvod: Porušeno metabolno zdravje je v razvitem svetu najpogostejša kronična pre-snovna bolezen. Predstavlja (za kajenjem) drugi najpomembnejši preprečljivi vzrok povečane obolevnosti in umrljivosti. Številne raziskave so dokazale vpliv motenj v metabolnem zdravju na pospešen nastanek ateroskleroze. Špansko združenje za ne-vrosonografijo je pred leti objavilo podatek, da ima 28% oseb, ki so doživeli možgansko kap, vidne ultrasonografske spremembe v karotidnih arterijah. Skupne karotidne arterije so najlažje dostopne arterije za ultrasonografski pregled in opravljanje določenih meritev, ki so zgodnji pokazatelji razvoja ateroskleroze. V 3-mesečni raziskavi, ki je potekala na UP Fakulteti za vede o zdravju, smo preverjali vpliv časovno omejenega prehranjevanja na parametre metabolnega zdravja pri prekomerno prehranjenih osebah, vključno z ultrasonografskimi parametri skupnih karotidnih arterij. dults Metode: V raziskavo smo povabili 108 prekomerno prehranjenih oseb, starosti med 18 in 60 let, z indeksom telesne mase med 25 in 35 kg/m2. Vsi so imeli predpisano ener-lder a gijsko restrikcijo in so bili razdeljeni v 3 skupine: 1. skupina se je lahko prehranjevala nd o časovno neomejeno (od 8. do 20. ure), 2. skupina v jutranjem časovnem oknu (med ge a 8. in 16. uro), 3. skupina pa v večernem časovnem oknu (od 12. do 20. ure). Poleg bio-kemijskih in antropometrijskih meritev smo opravili še ultrasonografske meritve sku-rking-a pnih karotidnih arterij: debelino intime-medie (IMT), najvišjo sistolično hitrost (PSV) o ter končno diastolično hitrost (EDV). Vse meritve smo opravili na začetku raziskave f w ter po treh mesecih. Rezultati: Preverjali smo, ali obstajajo razlike med skupinami ob začetku in koncu in-ealth o tervencije s testom ANOVA in sicer za naslednje parametre: PSV levo (p=0,687), PSV desno (p=0,891) in IMT levo (p=0,484) za prvo meritev, ter IMT levo (p=0,658), IMT desno (p=0,713) in PSV desno (p=0,547) za drugo meritev. Ugotovili smo, da ni sta-draslih | h tistično značilne razlike med skupinami za nobeno meritev. Učinek intervencije je bil statistično značilen pri meritvah hitrosti (p<0,05). tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Zaključimo lahko, da trimesečna intervencija z energijsko re-n s strikcijo že kaže prve ugodne učinke tudi na stanju skupnih karotidnih arterij, omejeno okno prehranjevanja pa ne daje dodatne prednosti. V nadaljevanju bo potrebno ugo-ktivnih i toviti, kateri biokemijski parametri se ob izgubi telesne mase izboljšajo in so lahko razlog za izboljšave stanja žilja. elovno a Ključne besede: metabolno zdravje, ateroskleroza, karotidne arterije, ultrazvok zdravje d 66 Ultrasonographic measurements of the common carotid arteries in time-restricted eating Nebojša Đurišić1,2, Tanja Črešnovar1, Bernarda Habe1, Ana Petelin1, Zala Jenko Pražnikar1, Saša Kenig1 1University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2ECD, European center for dermatovenereology, Koper, Slovenia Introduction: Impaired metabolic health is the most common chronic metabolic disease in the developed world. It is the second most important preventable cause of increased morbidity and mortality (after smoking). Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of metabolic health disorders on the accelerated development of atherosclerosis. A few years ago, the Spanish Society of Neurosonography published that 28% of stroke survivors had visible ultrasonographic changes in the carotid arteries. The common carotid arteries are the most easily accessible arteries for ultrasonographic examination and for performing certain measurements that are early indicators of the development of atherosclerosis. In a 3-month study conducted at the UP Faculty of Health Sciences, we examined the impact of time-restricted eating on metabolic health parameters in overweight subjects, including ultrasonographic parameters of the common carotid arteries. dults Methods: We recruited 108 overweight (obese) person, between 18 and 60 years of lder a age with a body mass index between 25 and 35 kg/m2. All subjects were on a prescribed energy restriction and were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was al owed to eat nd o for an unlimited period of time (8 am to 8 pm), group 2 was al owed to eat during the ge a morning time window (8 am to 4 pm), and group 3 - during the evening time window (12 pm to 8 pm). In addition to biochemical and anthropometric measurements, ul-rking-ao trasonographic measurements of the common carotid arteries were performed: in-f w tima-media thickness (IMT), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV). All measurements were performed at baseline and then after 3 months. ealth o Results: We tested whether there were differences between groups at baseline and nd h at the end of the intervention using ANOVA for the fol owing parameters: left PSV n a (p=0.687), right PSV (p=0.891) and left IMT (p=0.484) for the first measurement, and left IMT (p=0.658), right IMT (p=0.713) and right PSV (p=0.547) for the second meas-utritio urement. We found no statistical y significant difference between the groups for any of the measurements. The effect of the intervention was statistical y significant for the blood velocity measurements (p<0.05). draslih | n Discussion and conclusions: We can conclude that the three-month intervention with energy restriction already shows the beneficial effects on the condition of the common carotid arteries, but the limited eating window does not give any additional ad-tarejših o vantage. In the fol ow-up, it would be necessary to determine which biochemical pa-n s rameters improve upon weight loss, and whether they are the reason of improvement of the condition of the blood vessels. ktivnih i Keywords: metabolic health, atherosclerosis, carotid arteries, ultrasound elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 67 Kratkoročni učinki časovno omejenega prehranjevanja z energijsko restrikcijo na metabolno zdravje odraslih s prekomerno telesno maso in debelostjo Bernarda Habe, Tanja Črešnovar, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Časovno omejeno prehranjevanje izboljšuje metabolno zdravje. Kljub temu ostaja nejasno, ali so izboljšanja biokemičnih parametrov in metabolnih indeksov posledica zgolj energijske restrikcije (CR) ali dodatne časovne omejitve prehranjevanja. Naš cilj je natančneje raziskati in primerjati učinkovitost dveh različnih pristopov časovno omejenega prehranjevanja z energijsko restrikcijo; zgodnje časovno omejeno prehranjevanje (eTRE+CR) in pozno časovno omejeno prehranjevanje (lTRE+CR), ter ju primerjati z izključno energijsko restrikcijo (CR), da bi ugotovili njihov vpliv na metabolno zdravje. Metode: V trimesečni intervenciji je bilo 90 udeležencev razdeljenih v tri skupine glede na njihov kronotip: eTRE+CR (čas prehranjevanja med 8:00 in 16:00), lTRE+CR (čas prehranjevanja med 12:00 in 20:00) in CR (čas prehranjevanja med 8:00 in 20:00). Na dults začetku, po prvem in tretjem mesecu intervencije so bili na tešče izmerjeni sledeči biokemični parametri: glukoza, celokupni holesterol (CHOL), LDL-holesterol, HDL-holder a lesterol, trigliceridi (TG), C-reaktivni protein (CRP), aspartat aminotransferaza (AST), nd o alanin aminotransferaza (ALT) in inzulin. Poleg tega so bili izračunani metabolni inde-ge a ksi, in sicer HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, QUICK-INDEX, VAI in LAP. Statistične analize so bile izvedene v statističnem programu SPSS. rking-ao Rezultati: V vseh treh skupinah je bilo statistično pomembno znižanje koncentraci-f w je glukoze, inzulina in metabolnih indeksov (HOMA-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR in QUICK-INDEX) po treh mesecih (p < 0,05). Nasprotno se je indeks inzulinske ob- čutljivosti HOMA- ealth o β značilno zvišal v vseh treh skupinah. Pri znižanju glukoze so bi-le statistično pomembne razlike med skupinami (p = 0,025), pri čemer je bilo najve- čje znižanje glukoze v skupini eTRE+CR. Nasprotno pa se spremembe ravni inzulina in metabolnih indeksov (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR in QUICK-IN-draslih | h DEX) niso značilno razlikovale med skupinami. Serumske ravni triacilgliceridov, AST in ALT ter indeksa VAI in LAP so se značilno znižali le v skupinah lTRE+CR in CR (p < tarejših o 0,05), a kljub temu ni bilo zaznanih značilnih razlik med skupinami. n s Diskusija in zaključki: V študiji smo ugotovili, da je izboljšanje biokemičnih parametrov in metabolnih indeksov bilo večinoma (z izjemo glukoze na tešče) posledica CR in ne ktivnih i TRE. Kljub temu se zdi, da je eTRE+CR bolj učinkovit pri uravnavanju glukozne home-ostaze kot lTRE+CR ali CR. elovno a Ključne besede: zgodnje in pozno časovno omejeno prehranjevanje, energijska restrikcija, biokemični parametri, inzulin, metabolni indeksi zdravje d 68 Short-term effects of time restricted eating with energy restriction, on the metabolic health of overweight and obese adults Bernarda Habe, Tanja Črešnovar, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar University of Primorska Faculty of Health Science, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Time-restricted eating (TRE) improves metabolic health. However, it is not yet clear whether the effects on biochemical parameters and metabolic indexes are due to caloric restriction (CR) alone or in combination with TRE. The aim of the study was therefore to compare the effectiveness of the dietary strategy TRE+CR at two different times of day: early time-restricted eating combined with caloric restriction (eTRE+CR) and late time-restricted eating combined with caloric restriction (lTRE+CR) compared to CR alone on metabolic health. Methods: In a 3-month intervention, 90 participants were assigned into three groups according to their chronotype: eTRE+CR (eating window between 8:00 and 16:00), lTRE+CR (eating window between 12:00 and 20:00), and CR (eating window between 8:00 and 20:00). Fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (CHOL), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate ami-dults notransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the analysis of insulin were measured at baseline, after the first and third month of the intervention, after a fast-lder a ing period of at least 12 h. Moreover, metabolic indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, QUICK-INDEX, VAI in LAP) were calculated according to pub-nd o lished equations. The statistical analyses were performed in SPSS. ge a Results: In all three groups, there was a statistical y significant reduction in fasting glucose, insulin and metabolic indices (HOMA-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR and rking-ao QUICK-INDEX) over three months (p < 0.05). In contrast, the insulin sensitivity in-f w dex HOMA-β increased significantly in al three groups. There were statistically significant differences in blood glucose reduction between the groups (p = 0.025), with the ealth o greatest glucose reduction in the eTRE+CR group. The changes in insulin levels and nd h metabolic indices (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR and QUICK-IN-n a DEX) were not significantly different between the groups. Additional y, serum levels of TG, AST, ALT and VAI and LAP indexses were significantly decreased only in utritio the lTRE+CR and CR groups (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between groups. Discussion and conclusions: In this study, we found that the improvement in biochemical draslih | n parameters and metabolic indexes was largely (with the exception of fasting glucose levels) due to CR rather than TRE. However, it seems that eTRE+CR is more efficient in regulation of glucose homeostasis than lTRE+CR or CR. tarejših on s Keywords: early and late time restricted eating, caloric restriction, biochemical parameters, insulin, metabolic indexes ktivnih i elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 69 Je znanje o varnosti živil med starejšimi odraslimi ustrezno? Tjaša Kamnik, Mojca Jevšnik Podlesnik Univerza v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena Fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Pomemben javnozdravstveni problem so bolezni, povzročene z živili, ki jih povzročajo patogeni mikroorganizmi. Zaradi neustreznega ravnanja z živili smo jim izpostavljeni vsi, še posebej pa otroci, starostniki, nosečnice ter ljudje z oslabljenim imun-skim sistemom in revni. Starostniki spadajo v ranljivejšo skupino, saj se organi in telesni sistemi s staranjem spreminjajo, njihova prebavila zadržujejo hrano dlje časa, želodčna kislina pa s starostjo upada. S pomočjo anketnih vprašalnikov in polstrukturiranih intervjujev smo želeli oceniti odnos do zagotavljanja varnosti živil ter ugotoviti ali je znanje o varnosti živil od nakupa do priprave živil doma, med starejšimi odraslimi boljše kot v preteklih slovenskih in tujih študijah. Metode: Uporabljene so bile sledeče metode dela: pregled literature, namenski anketni vprašalnik in delno strukturirani intervju. Znanstvene članke smo iskali v bibliograf-skih bazah Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed in Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKUL). V pregled smo vključili vse znanstvene članke, ki obravnavajo znanje, ravna-nje in odnos starostnikov do zagotavljanja varnosti živil. Udeležence za anketiranje in dults intervjuje smo izbrali po metodi snežne kepe. Anketni vprašalnik je v celoti izpolnilo 125 starostnikov, starejših od 65 let. Polstrukturirani intervjuji so bili opravljeni z 10 lder a udeleženci, starejšimi od 65 let. nd o Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da so starejši odrasli sicer osveščeni na področju var-ge a nosti živil, vendar znanja ne znajo v celoti prenesti v prakso. Ugotovili smo, da se več- krat poslužijo nevarnih praks priprave in uživanja hrane (nezadostna toplotna obdela-rking-ao va živil, neuporaba vbodnega termometra, itd.), zaradi česar so pogosto izpostavljeni f w tveganjem, za bolezni, povzročene z živili. Kljub temu, da se starejši odrasli zavedajo tveganj, ki jih lahko povzroči nepoznavanje ali nezadostno izvajanje načel varnosti živil, pa se večkrat ne prepoznajo kot osebno dovzetne. Premalo se zavedajo lastne vloge ealth o pri zagotavljanju varnosti živil, saj sami sebe tretirajo kot manj odgovorne v primerjavi z drugimi členi agro-živilske verige. draslih | h Razprava in zaključki: Rezultati raziskave so primerljivi s preteklimi slovenskimi in tuji-mi študijami. Med starejšimi odraslimi je informiranost o varnosti živil še vedno na isti ravni kot v preteklih študijah, zato bi bilo potrebno dvigniti nivo znanja in razumevanja tarejših o načel varnosti živil ter proučiti ustrezne kanale obveščanja starejše populacije. n s Ključne besede: varnost živil, okužbe z živili, starejši odrasli, anketni vprašalnik, delno strukturirani intervju ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 70 Is the knowledge about food safety among the older adults adequate? Tjaša Kamnik, Mojca Jevšnik Podlesnik University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenija Introduction: A significant public health problem is foodborne il nesses caused by path-ogenic microorganisms. Due to improper handling of food, we are all at risk, especially children, the elderly, pregnant women, individuals with weakened immune systems, and the poor. With the help of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, aimed to assess the attitude towards ensuring food safety and determine whether the knowledge of food safety from purchasing to preparing food at home, among the elderly is better than in previous Slovenian and foreign studies. Methods: The methods of a literature review, a method of a survey questionnaire and the method of a semi-structured interview were used. We searched for scientific articles using the bibliographic databases Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKUL). We reviewed all scientific articles on the knowledge, behaviour, and attitude of the elderly towards ensuring food safety. The participants for the survey and interview were selected with snowball sampling. The questionnaire was completely fil ed out by 125 elderly people over the age of 65. dults Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants over the age of 65. Results: The results showed that although the elderly are aware of food safety, they are lder a unable to ful y apply this knowledge in practice. We found that they often engage in nd o hazardous food preparation and consumption practices (insufficient cooking of food, ge a not using a probe thermometer, etc.), which frequently exposes them to the risks of foodborne il nesses. Despite being aware of the risks that can arise from not knowing or inadequately implementing the principles of safe food, the elderly often do not rec-rking-ao ognize themselves as personal y susceptible. They are insufficiently aware of their own f w role in ensuring food safety, as they perceive themselves as less responsible. Discussion and conclusion: The research results are comparable to previous Slovenian ealth o and international studies. Among the elderly, awareness of food safety remains at the nd h same level as in past studies. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the level of knowledge n a and understanding of food safety principles and to explore appropriate channels for informing the older population. utritio Keywords: food safety, foodborne infections, elderly, survey questionnaire, semi-structured interview draslih | n tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 71 Vpliv čaja iz laškega smilja na prepustnost črevesne pregrade ter translokacijo bakterij Salmonella Infantis Katja Kramberger, Katja Kranjc, Darja Barlič-Maganja, Saša Kenig, Zala Jenko Pražnikar Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Kronično sistemsko vnetje in disbioza črevesja, opaženi stanji pri debelosti in drugih kroničnih boleznih, vplivata na funkcijo črevesne pregrade (ČP). Za obe stanji je značilna povečana prepustnost ČP in s tem povezana translokacija bakterij. Bakterijska translokacija, ki pomeni prehod viabilnih bakterij iz črevesja v zunajčrevesne prosto-re, lahko vodi v razvoj sistemskih vnetnih stanj in s tem še dodatno spodbuja kronič- no vnetje. Sestavine prehrane, kot so probiotiki, polifenoli, lipidi in beljakovine, lahko izboljšajo funkcijo ČP bodisi z zaviranjem vnetja ali z neposrednim delovanjem na ČP. Aromatična sredozemska rastlina laški smilj ( Helichrysum italicum) predstavlja bogat vir polifenolnih spojin. V naših predhodnih raziskavah smo že pokazali protivnetne učinke čaja iz laškega smilja (ČLS), analiza transkriptoma črevesnih celic pa je pokazala potencialne učinke tudi na samo integriteto ČP. V dotični raziskavi smo želeli potrditi vpliv ČLS na ČP preko spremenjenega izražanja genov za proteine tesnih stikov. Prav tako smo spremljali vpliv ČLS na transepitelno električno upornost (TEER) in sposobnost dults adhezije, invazije in translokacije bakterij Salmonel a Infantis. Metode dela: Za model prepustnosti ČP smo uporabili epitelne črevesne celice Ca-lder a co-2, gojene na porozni membrani insertov Transwel . Z merjenjem TEER pred in po nd o tretiranju celic smo preverjali celovitost celičnega monosloja. Celicam z ali brez treti-ge a ranja s ČLS smo inducirali vnetje s toplotno ubitimi (TUB) ali z živimi bakterijami S. Infantis. Po tretiranju smo izolirano RNA s postopkom reverzne transkripcije prepisali v rking-a komplementarno DNA in preverili izražanje genov za izbrane proteine tesnih stikov z o verižno reakcijo s polimerazo v realnem času (RT-PCR). Za določanje števila translo-f w ciranih bakterij S. Infantis smo po končani inkubaciji vzorčili gojišče v bazolateralnem delu in nanesli serijske redčitve na Triptični soja-agar. ealth o| h Rezultati: 24-urni tretma s TUB je znižal TEER celic Caco-2 za 60,0 %, medtem ko je sočasen tretma s ČLS (0,2 v/v%) povzročil 51,3 % znižanje (p=0,0284). Pred-tretiranje s ČLS za 24 ur samo po sebi ni imelo učinka na TEER, medtem ko so po 24-urni iz-draslih postavitvi TUB celice pred-tretirane s ČLS imele skoraj 10 % manjše znižanje TEER v primerjavi s celicami, ki niso bile pred-tretirane (p=0.0034). Nadalje je 24-urno pred-tarejših o -tretiranje celic s ČLS v koncentraciji 0,2 v/v% preprečilo translokacijo bakterij S. In-n s fantis preko celičnega monosloja za 95 %. Kljub temu po 2-urni infekciji z bakterijami med poskusi ni bilo značilne razlike v TEER. ktivnih i Razprava in zaključki: Meritve celovitosti epitelija Caco-2 celic so pokazale, da ČLS lahko izboljša integriteto ČP, porušeno s TUB. Slednje smo potrdili tudi s spremembo izražanja genov tesnih stikov. Pred-tretiranje s ČLS pa je prav tako preprečilo tran-elovno a slokacijo bakterij S. Infantis. Na osnovi rezultatov naše študije lahko sklepamo na pomembno vlogo ČLS pri ohranjanju integritete ČP, zlasti pri vnetnih stanjih. zdravje d Ključne besede: laški smilj, integriteta črevesne stene, tesni stiki, vnetje, translokacija, Salmonel a Infantis 72 Effect of Helichrysum italicum infusion on intestinal barrier permeability and translocation of Salmonella Infantis Katja Kramberger, Katja Kranjc, Darja Barlič-Maganja, Saša Kenig, Zala Jenko Pražnikar University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Chronic systemic inflammation and gut dysbiosis, conditions observed in obesity and other chronic diseases, affect the function of the intestinal barrier (IB). Both conditions are characterized by increased IB permeability, which is associated with the translocation of bacteria. Bacterial translocation, which denotes the passage of viable bacteria from the gut to extraintestinal sites, can lead to the development of systemic inflammatory conditions and thus further promotes chronic inflammation. Dietary components, including probiotics, polyphenols, lipids, and proteins can improve IB function by either suppressing inflammation or by acting directly on IB. Helichrysum italicum is an aromatic Mediterranean herb rich in polyphenolic compounds. In our previous studies, we have already demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of H. italicum infusion (HII), whereas the results from a transcriptome analysis of intestinal cel s have shown potential effects on the integrity of the IB. In the present study, we aimed to confirm the effect of HII on the IB via altering the expression of tight junction proteins. Additional y, we evaluated its effects on transepithelial electrical resist-dults ance (TEER) and the adhesion, invasion and translocation capacity of Salmonel a Infantis. Methods: Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cel s cultured on the porous membrane of lder a Transwell inserts were used as a model for the permeability of the IB. The integrity nd o of the cell monolayer was verified by TEER measurements before and after all treat-ge a ments. Inflammation in cel s incubated with or without HII was induced by heat-kil ed (HKB) or live S. Infantis bacteria. Fol owing treatment, isolated RNA was reverse tran-rking-a scribed into complementary DNA, and gene expression of selected tight junction pro-o teins was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To determine f w the number of translocated S. Infantis bacteria, the media from basolateral compart-ment was sampled after incubation and serial dilutions were plated on tryptic soy agar. ealth o Results: 24-hour treatment with HKB reduced TEER of Caco-2 cel s by 60.0%, while nd h co-treatment together with HII (0.2 v/v%) resulted in a 51.3% reduction ( p=0.0284). n a Pre-treatment with HII for 24 h had no effect on TEER per se, but when fol owed by 24-hour HKB treatment, cel s pre-treated with HII had almost 10% lower decrease in utritio TEER compared to non-pre-treated cel s ( p=0.0034). Additional y, 24-hour pre-treatment with HII (0.2 v/v%) prevented the translocation of S. Infantis bacteria across the cell monolayer by 95%. However, after a 2-hour bacterial infection no significant differ-draslih | n ences in TEER were observed between experiments. Discussion and conclusions: Measurements of the epithelial integrity of Caco-2 cel tarejših o showed that the HII can improve the HKB-disrupted IB integrity. The latter was conn s firmed by altering the expression of tight junction genes. Pre-treatment with HII also prevented translocation of S. Infantis. The results of our study suggest an important ktivnih i role of HII in maintaining the integrity of the IB, especial y in inflammatory conditions. Keywords: Helichrysum italicum, intestinal barier integrity, tight junctions, inflammation, translocation, Salmonel a I nfantis elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 73 Protimikrobni potencial kostanjevega medu Urša Lapanja1, Domen Jaklič2, Nataša Lilek2, Adriana Pereyra Gonzales2, Katja Kranjc1, Rok Kopinč2 1 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2 Medex d.o.o, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Zaradi naraščajoče odpornosti na protimikrobna sredstva, se vedno več pozornosti usmerja k uporabi snovi naravnega izvora. Med je sladka in viskozna snov iz ogljikovih hidratov, vode in več kot 200-ih bioaktivnih snovi. Na samo sestavo medu vpliva lahko več dejavnikov, kot so: rastlinski vir, vrsta čebele, sezonski in okoljski dejavniki, pogoji predelave in skladiščenja. Zaradi kombinacije bioaktivnih snovi, je med poznan po antioksidativnem, imunomodulatornem, protivnetnem, antikancerogenem in pro-timikrobnem delovanju. Poglavitni protimikrobni dejavniki so visoka osmolarnost, prisotnost vodikovega peroksida, nizka vrednost pH, vsebnost organskih kislin in flavonoidov. Namen naše študije je bil določiti protimikrobno aktivnost različnih vzorcev kostanjevega medu in preveriti korelacijo protimikrobne aktivnosti z drugimi karakte-ristikami medu, kot so koncentracija vodikovega peroksida in bioflavonoidov. Metode: Analizirali smo 30 vzorcev kostanjevega medu, slovenskega, italijanskega in dults bosanskega porekla. Protimikrobno aktivnost smo določali z mikrodilucijsko metodo in barvilom p-iodo–nitro–tetrazolijev klorid (INT) proti bakteriji Escherichia coli AT-lder a CC 8739. Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija (MIK) je bila določena vizualno, pri prvi nd o koncentraciji medu, kjer še ni bila zaznana obarvanost medija kot posledica bakterijske ge a rasti. Vsem vzorcem smo določili tudi vsebnost skupnih bioflavonoidov po metodi Folin-Cioccalteu. Koncentracijo vodikovega peroksida smo izmerili z reakcijo med H O 2 2 rking-a in o- dianizidinom. Oksidacijski produkt se določi spektrofotometrično pri valovni dolo žini 450 nm. . f w Rezultati: Vsi vzorci kostanjevega medu so na bakterijo E. coli ATCC 8739 delovali protimikrobno, z razponom vrednosti MIK od 37,5 mg/mL do 150 mg/mL medu. Najnižja ealth o izmerjena koncentracija vodikovega peroksida je bila 27,5 µg/g, najvišje pa 146,5 µg/g medu. Koncentracija skupnih flavonoidov je bila med 58,6 mg/100 g in 208,5 mg/100 g medu. Korelacije med koncentracijo vodikovega peroksida ali skupnim številom fla-draslih | h vonoidov in protimikrobnim delovanjem medu nismo dokazali. Razprava in zaključki: Kljub dokazani protimikrobni aktivnosti vseh vzorcev medu, sle-tarejših o dnjega nismo mogli pripisati različnim koncentracijam vodikovega peroksida ali razli-n s kam v skupni količini flavonoidov. Glavna ugotovitev raziskave je, da je protimikrobno delovanje medu verjetno rezultat medsebojnega delovanja različnih parametrov. ktivnih i Ključne besede: bakterijska rezistenca, protimikrobno, kostanjev med elovno a zdravje d 74 Antimicrobial potential in chestnut honey Urša Lapanja1, Domen Jaklič2, Nataša Lilek2, Adriana Pereyra Gonzales2, Katja Kranjc1, Rok Kopinč2 1 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2 Medex d.o.o, Ljubljana, Slovenija Introduction: Due to the increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents, more and more attention is directed to the use of substances of natural origin. Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made of carbohydrates, water and more than 200 bioactive substances. The composition of honey can be influenced by several factors, such as: plant source, type of bee, seasonal and environmental factors, processing and storage conditions. Due to the combination of bioactive substances, honey is known for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial effects. The main antimicrobial factors are high osmolarity, the presence of hydrogen peroxide, low pH, the content of organic acids and flavonoids. The purpose of our study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of different samples of chestnut honey and to verify the correlation of antimicrobial activity with other characteristics of honey, such as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and bioflavonoids. dults Methods: We analyzed 30 samples of chestnut honey of Slovenian, Italian and Bos-nian origin. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method and lder a the dye p-iodo-nitro-tetrazolium chloride (INT) against the bacterium Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined visual y, at nd o the first concentration of honey, where no discoloration of the medium was detected ge a as a result of bacterial growth. The content of total bioflavonoids was also determined for all samples according to the Folin-Cioccalteu method. The concentration of hydro-rking-ao gen peroxide was measured by the reaction between H2O2 and o-dianisidine. The f w oxidation product is determined spectrophotometrical y at a wavelength of 450 nm. Results: All chestnut honey samples were working antimicrobialy against E. coli ATCC ealth o 8739, with MIC values ranging from 37.5 mg/mL to 150 mg/mL of honey. The low-nd h est measured concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 27.5 µg/g, and the highest was n a 146.5 µg/g of honey. The concentration of total flavonoids was between 58.6 mg/100 g and 208.5 mg/100 g of honey. We did not prove a correlation between the concen-utritio tration of hydrogen peroxide or the total number of flavonoids and the antimicrobial activity of honey. Discussion and conclusions: Despite the proven antimicrobial activity of all honey sam-draslih | n ples, we could not attribute the latter to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or differences in the total amount of flavonoids. The main conclusion of the research is that the antimicrobial activity of honey is probably the result of the inter-tarejših o action of various parameters. n s Keywords: bacterial resistance, antimicrobial, chestnut honey ktivnih i elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 75 Izzivi doseganja prehranske preskrbljenosti prebivalcev domov za starejše občane Živa Lavriša1, 2, Hristo Hristov1, Igor Pravst 1, 2, 3 1 Inštitut za nutricionistiko, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenija 3 Fakulteta za aplikativne vede, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: S podaljševanjem življenjske dobe, v populaciji vse bolj narašča število starejših odraslih. Zlasti tisti, ki živijo v ustanovah, kot so domovi za starejše občane (DSO), veljajo za prehransko bolj ogroženo populacijsko skupino. Ustrezna preskrbljenost s hranili in mikrohranili je ključna za ohranjanje zdravja in preprečevanje zdravstvenih komplikacij. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, 1) kakšna je preskrbljenost prebivalcev slovenskih DSO s hranili in mikrohranili, 2) kakšno je tveganje za podhranjenost, in dodatno, 3) kakšna je prevalenca sarkopenije. Metode: V okviru projekta Nutricare je bila izvedena nacionalno reprezentativna presečna študija. Raziskavo smo izvedli v 20 DSO iz vseh 9 zdravstvenih regij Slovenije. Vključenih je bilo 387 prebivalcev DSO, v starost 65-101 let. Pridobljeni so bili podatki za običajne dnevne prehranske vnose makrohranil in mikrohranil (2x 24h pri-dults klic jedilnika prejšnjega dne, vprašalnik o pogostosti uživanja posameznih skupin živil), prehranski status (Mini prehranska ocena), meritve mišične moči (stisk roke z dinamo-lder a metrom), meritve telesne sestave (bioimpedančna spektroskopija). Za 13 DSO smo nd o pridobili tudi podatke o tedenskih jedilnikih. ge a Rezultati: Tveganje za podhranjenost smo zaznali pri cca. 30 % udeležencev, podhranjenost pri cca. 3%. 39 % moških in žensk je imelo indeks telesne mase > 30 kg/m2. rking-ao Ugotovljen je bil visok vnos maščob in živil živalskega izvora. Vnos ogljikovih hidratov f w in prehranskih vlaknin je bil pod priporočenimi, kar je posledica skromnega vnosa sadja, zelenjave in žit. Vnos beljakovin je bil nižji od 1 g/kg telesne mase pri 35 % žensk in 40 % moških. Vnosi hranil so se dobro ujemali s hranilno sestavo obrokov v DSO. 63 ealth o % prebivalcev DSO prehrani dodaja vsaj eno mikrohranilo, najpogosteje je to vitamin D, sledijo folat, vitamin B12, magnezij in železo. Prehranski vnosi so bili sub optimalni za večino izbranih mikrohranil, vključno z magnezijem, folatom, vitaminom B12, vita-draslih | h minom D, vitaminom A, kalijem. Pomanjkanje vitamina D je bilo zaznano pri 30 %, vitamina B12 pri 22 %, folata pri 22 % udeležencev. Pri 44 % udeležencev smo ugotovi-tarejših o li visoko verjetnost sarkopenije, pri 28 % pa prisotnost sarkopenije. 89 % udeležencev n s s sarkopenijo je imelo tudi visok delež maščobne telesne mase, kar kaže na prisotnost sarkopenične debelosti. ktivnih i Razprava in zaključki: Prehranski vnosi prebivalcev DSO kažejo na potrebo po optimi-zaciji vnosa hranil in mikrohranil, skladno s priporočili. Nujno bi bilo redno spremljanje prehranskega statusa prebivalcev DSO s strani ustrezno usposobljenega osebja in iz-elovno a vedba primernih individualno prilagojenih intervencij, ki bi pomagale preprečiti ali omi-liti izpostavljena zdravstvena tveganja. zdravje d Ključne besede: starejši odrasli, dom za starejše občane, prehranski vnos, prehranski status, sarkopenija 76 Dietary challenges in the population of nursing home residents Živa Lavriša1, 2, Hristo Hristov1, Igor Pravst 1, 2, 3 1 Inštitut za nutricionistiko, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Fakulteta za aplikativne vede, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: As life expectancy increases, the number of older adults in the population is increasing. In particular, those living in institutions such as nursing homes are considered a nutritional y more vulnerable population group. An adequate supply of nutrients and micronutrients is key to maintaining health and preventing health complications. The aim of the research was to find out 1) usual intakes of nutrients and micronutrients of the Slovenian NH residents, 2) what is the prevalence of malnutrition, and additional y, 3) what is the prevalence of sarcopenia. Methods: A national y representative cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Nutricare project. We conducted the research in 20 NH from all 9 health regions of Slovenia. 387 NH residents, aged 65-101, were included. Data were obtained for the usual daily dietary intake of macronutrients and micronutrients (2x 24h dietary recal , food frequency), nutritional status (Mini nutritional assessment), muscle strength dults measurements (hand grip with dynamometer), body composition measurements (bioimpedance spectroscopy). We also obtained data on weekly menus for 13 NH. lder a Results: The risk of malnutrition was detected in approx. 30% of participants, malnutri-nd o tion in approx. 3%. 39% of males and females had body mass index > 30 kg/m2. A high ge a intake of fats and foods of animal origin was found. The intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber was below the recommended levels, which is a consequence of the modest intake of fruits, vegetables and cereals. Protein intake was lower than 1 g/kg body rking-ao weight in 35% of females and 40% of males. Nutrient intakes reflected the nutrition-f w al composition of meals in NH. 63% of NH residents are supplementing at least one micronutrient to their diet, the most common being vitamin D, fol owed by folate, vi-ealth o tamin B12, magnesium and iron. Dietary intakes were suboptimal for most of the se-nd h lected micronutrients, including magnesium, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin A, n a potassium. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 30%, vitamin B12 in 22%, folate in 22% of participants. We found a high probability of sarcopenia in 44% of the partici-utritio pants, and the presence of sarcopenia in 28%. 89% of participants with sarcopenia al-so had a high proportion of body fat, indicating the presence of sarcopenic obesity. Discussion and conclusions: Dietary intakes of NH residents indicate the need to opti-draslih | n mize the nutrient intake in accordance with recommendations. It would be necessary to regularly monitor the nutritional status of NH residents by qualified staff and implement suitable individual y adapted interventions that would help prevent or mitigate tarejših o the exposed health risks. n s Keywords: older adults, nursing home, dietary intake, nutritional status, sarcopenia ktivnih i elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 77 Spletne kampanje o prehrani v okviru promocije zdravja na delovnem mestu Mojca Stubelj1, Klemen Širok1, Suzana Laporšek2, Simona Perčič3 1 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za management, Koper, Slovenia 3 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Delovno mesto, pomemben sestavni del vsakdanjega življenja delovnega prebivalstva, predstavlja pomembno področje za spodbujanje pozitivnih sprememb v običajnih vedenjskih vzorcih zaposlenih. Uporaba različnih intervencijskih strategij je dokazala učinkovitost pri obravnavi težav, povezanih s prekomerno telesno maso in debelostjo. Metode: Ta presečna študija je bila sestavni del obsežnega programa promocije zdravja na delovnem mestu, izvedenega v malih in srednje velikih podjetjih v zahodni kohe-zijski regiji Slovenije. Program je vključeval spletno usmerjene izobraževalne kampanje, namenjene spodbujanju pozitivnih sprememb življenjskega sloga med zaposlenimi, in je trajal od leta 2020 do 2022. Pred začetkom izobraževalne kampanje so udeležen-ci prostovoljno izpolnili vprašalnik. Analiza je bila osredotočena na vedenjske vzorce dults 370 delavcev, upoštevajoč razvrstitev dela (prevladujoče sedeče, stoječe ali fizično de-lo), indeks telesne mase, spol, starost ter izbrane indikatorje prehranjevalnih navad. lder a Od 88 podjetij, vključenih v študijo, jih je 26 aktivno sodelovalo v naših spletnih kam-nd o panjah o prehrani. ge a Rezultati: Med 370 udeleženci iz 26 podjetij vključenih v študijo je bilo 46,5% žensk in 53,5% moških. Prevladujoča starostna skupina med zaposlenimi je bila od 45 do 70 rking-ao let, kar predstavlja večino. Približno 57% udeležencev je opravljalo sedeče delo. Delež f w ženskih zaposlenih z normalno telesno maso je znašal 38,4%, medtem ko je bil delež moških z normalno telesno maso 16,7%. Nezdrave prehranjevalne navade so bile najpogostejše pri uživanju rib in najmanj pogoste pri pitju sladkih napitkov. Na splošno je ealth o višji odstotek žensk (67,4%) poročal o prevladujoče dobrih prehranjevalnih navadah, definiranih kot pet ali več pozitivnih prehranskih praks, v primerjavi z moškimi (50%). Empirična analiza je pokazala, da so zaposleni v prevladujoče sedečih delovnih mestih draslih | h povprečno dosegli najvišjo frekvenco sodelovanja - merjeno kot delež prebranih izobraževalnih osebnih e-poštnih sporočil. Poleg tega so posamezniki z boljšimi prehra-tarejših o njevalnimi navadami in bolj ugodnim indeksom telesne mase izkazali najvišjo frekven-n s co spremljanja spletnih kampanj. Diskusija in Zaključki: Kljub splošno nizki frekvenci sodelovanja udeležencev je naša ktivnih i študija pokazala višjo frekvenco udeleževanja v spletnih izobraževalnih kampanjah pri zaposlenih na sedečih delovnih mestih in zdravimi prehranjevalnimi navadami. Ta vpogled zagotavlja dragocene informacije glede potencialne učinkovitosti prilagojenih elovno a kampanj za promocijo zdravja na delovnem mestu, kar prispeva k širšemu področju javnega zdravja. zdravje d Ključne besede: prehrana; promocija zdravja; delovno mesto; debelost; kampanja o prehrani 78 Web-Based Nutrition Campaigns within a Workplace Health Promotion Program Mojca Stubelj1, Klemen Širok1, Suzana Laporšek2, Simona Perčič3 1 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, 6310 Izola, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Management, 6000 Koper, Slovenia 3 National Institute of Public Health Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: The workplace, a significant component of daily life for the working population, represents a pivotal arena for instigating positive changes in employees’ habit-ual behaviours. The implementation of diverse intervention strategies has consistently demonstrated efficacy in addressing issues related to overweight and obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was an integral part of an extensive Workplace Health Promotion Program (WHPP) executed within the small and medium-sized en-terprises (SMEs) of Western Slovenia. The program featured web-based educational campaigns designed to foster constructive lifestyle changes among employees and spanned the period from 2020 to 2022. Prior to the commencement of the educational initiative, participants wil ingly completed a screening questionnaire. The analysis focused on the behavioural patterns of 370 workers, considering job classification dults (predominantly sedentary, predominantly standing, or predominantly physical), body mass index (BMI), gender, age, and selected dietary indicators. Out of the 88 compa-lder a nies involved in the WHPP, 26 actively participated in our web-based campaigns on nutrition. nd o ge a Results: Out of the 370 participants from 26 companies’, 46.5% were women, and 53.5% were men. The predominant age group among employees was 45-70, constituting the majority. Approximately 57% of participants held sedentary positions. The rking-ao distribution of normal-weight female employees stood at 38.4%, while normal-weight f w male employees accounted for 16.7%. Notably, unhealthy dietary habits were most prevalent in fish consumption and least prevalent in the intake of sugary beverages. ealth o On the whole, a higher percentage of women (67.4%) reported predominantly good nd h dietary habits, defined as having five or more positive dietary practices, compared n a to their male counterparts (50%). Employing empirical analysis our findings indicated that, on average, employees engaged in predominantly sedentary work exhibited the utritio highest frequency of engagement—measured as the proportion of educational personal emails read. Furthermore, individuals with commendable dietary habits and favourable BMI emerged as the most enthusiastic consumers of the web-based campaigns. draslih | n Discussion and Conclusions: Despite an overall modest participant engagement frequency, our study highlights the distinct appeal of web-based educational campaigns to tarejših o workers with sedentary jobs and healthy dietary habits. This insight provides valuable n s information regarding the potential effectiveness of tailored workplace health promotion campaigns, contributing to the broader field of public health practice. ktivnih i Keywords: nutrition; health promotion; workplace; obesity; nutrition campaign elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 79 Sestava črevesne mikrobiote kot kazalnik dolgoročnih načinov prehranjevanja Karin Šik Novak1, Nives Bogataj Jontez1, Ana Petelin1, Matjaž Hladnik2, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter2, Dunja Bandelj2, Jure Pražnikar2, Saša Kenig1, Nina Mohorko1, Zala Jenko Pražnikar1 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Koper, Slovenija Uvod: Razumevanje zapletenega odnosa med prehrano in sestavo črevesne mikrobiote ostaja pomembno področje raziskovanja. Kljub znanim učinkom prehrane na čreve-sno mikrobioto, je le malo raziskav raziskovalo povezavo med specifičnimi načini prehranjevanja in sestavo črevesne mikrobiote. Cilj naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali bi sestava črevesne mikrobiote na nivoju rodov lahko služila kot zanesljiv kazalnik dolgoročnega načina prehranjevanja. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 89 preiskovancev, ki so se prehranjevali na 4 različ- ne načine (vsejedstvo, veganstvo, vegetarijanstvo, prehrana z nizko vsebnostjo ogljikovih hidratov in visoko vsebnostjo maščob) in so bili enakomerno porazdeljeni med dults skupinami ter izenačeni po spolu, starosti in ITM. Sestavo črevesne mikrobiote smo analizirali s pristopom metabarkodiranja z uporabo hipervariabilne regije V4 gena 16S lder a rRNA. Hierarhično razvrščanje v skupine (angl. »cluster« analiza) na podlagi sestave nd o črevesne mikrobiote na nivoju debel smo izvedli z uporabo združevanja »k-means«. ge a Za razvoj modela in napovedovanje skupin na podlagi spremenljivk smo uporabili kla-sifikator k-najbližjih sosedov (angl. »k-nearest neigbour classifier«). rking-ao Rezultati: Naše ugotovitve kažejo, da sestava črevesne mikrobiote ni ustrezen kazalnik f w dolgoročnega načina prehranjevanja, z izjemo visoke relativne zastopanosti rodu Prevotel a 9, ki nakazuje na veganski način prehranjevanja. Kombinacija razičnih dejavnikov življenjskega sloga in vnosa specifičnih hranil je bolj pomembna za napovedovanje se-ealth o stave črevesne mikrobiote kot sam način prehranjevanja. Naš model je pokazal, da je za napovedovanje posameznikovega razvrščanja v skupino glede na sestavo črevesne mikrobiote z 91-odstotno natančnostjo ključnih 26 spremenljivk iz naslednjih katego-draslih | h rij: antropometrične meritve, serumski biomarkerji, dejavniki življenjskega sloga, pre-bavni simptomi, psihološki dejavniki in specifičen vnos hranil. tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Rezultati poudarjajo pomen kombinacije različnih dejavnikov pri n s določanju sestave črevesne mikrobiote. Naše ugotovitve bi lahko služile razvoju per-sonaliziranih intervencij z namenom izboljšanja kazalnikov zdravja s spreminanjem de-ktivnih i javnikov življenjskega sloga, neodvisno od dolgoročnega načina prehranjevanja. Ključne besede: črevesna mikrobiota, način prehranjevanja, prehrana, dejavniki življenj-elovno a skega sloga zdravje d 80 Gut microbiota composition as a marker of long-term dietary patterns Karin Šik Novak1, Nives Bogataj Jontez1, Ana Petelin1, Matjaž Hladnik2, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter2, Dunja Bandelj2, Jure Pražnikar2, Saša Kenig1, Nina Mohorko1, Zala Jenko Pražnikar1 1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Koper, Slovenia Introduction: Understanding the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota composition remains a critical area of research. Despite acknowledging the impact of diet on gut microbiota, few studies have investigated the relationship between specific dietary patterns and gut microbiota composition. In this study, we aimed to explore whether gut microbiota composition at the genus level could serve as a reliable indicator of long-term dietary patterns. Methods: Our cohort comprised of 89 individuals fol owing omnivorous, vegetarian, vegan, and low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets, balanced across groups for age, gender, and BMI. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, we analyzed gut microbiota composition. Employing K-means cluster-dults ing at the genus level and a nearest neighbor classifier, we assessed the predictive potential of microbiota clustering classes. lder a Results: Our findings suggest that, at the genus level, gut microbiota composition may nd o not consistently reflect an individual‘s dietary pattern, except notably in the case of a ge a vegan diet characterized by a significant relative abundance of the genus Prevotella 9. Our predictive model highlights the significance of a set of 26 variables in predicting an individual‘s microbiota composition cluster with 91% accuracy from the fol owing cat-rking-ao egories: anthropometric measurements, serum biomarkers, lifestyle factors, gastroin-f w testinal symptoms, psychological aspects, and specific nutrient intake. Discussion and conclusions: These results underscore the importance of considering a ealth o multitude of factors in understanding gut microbiota composition. Our findings could nd h suggest potential strategies for personalized interventions aimed at optimizing health n a markers by addressing modifiable lifestyle factors, independent of dietary pattern. Keywords: gut microbiota, dietary pattern, nutrition, lifestyle factors utritio draslih | n tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a dravje d n z prehrana i 81 Sekcija/Section Preventiva in rehabilitacija delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Prevention and rehabilitation for working-age and older adults Vabljeno predavanje Vloga elektrodiagnostične ocene pri diagnosticiranju in spremljanju posameznikov z radikulopatijo Dejan Nikolić1,2 1 Medicinska fakulteta Univerze v Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija 2 Oddelek za fizikalno medicino in rehabilitacijo, Univerzitetna otroška bolnišnica, Beograd, Srbija Sedeči življenjski slog in nezdravo vedenje delovno aktivnega prebivalstva sta povezana s povečanjem incidence radikulopatij. Zgodnja diagnostika ter ustrezno in optimalno zdravljenje radikulopatije lahko vplivata na zmanjšanje zapletov. Poleg začetne klinične ocene bolnikov z radikulopatijo so za oceno teh bolnikov pomembne elektrodiagnostične metode. Elektrodiagnostična ocena je na splošno sestavljena iz dveh komponent, vključno z elektronevrografijo (ENG) in elektromiografijo (EMG). Elek-trodiagnostika je uporabna pri odkrivanju prisotnosti nevrogene lezije ter stopnje in resnosti nevrogene lezije. Elektrodiagnostično spremljanje ima tudi prognostično vre-dults dnost, saj lahko med spremljanjem določene značilnosti kažejo na začetek ponovne inervacije. Zato so lahko elektrodiagnostične študije, opravljene pri bolnikih z radiku-lder a lopatijo zelo koristne pri prihodnjem načrtovanju zdravljenja in rehabilitacije teh bolni-nd o kov. To bo vplivalo na zmanjšanje invalidnosti in doseganje optimalne kakovosti življenja bolnikov z radikulopatijami. ge a Ključne besede: elektronevrografija, elektromiografija, radikulopatija rking-ao f w ealth o| h draslih tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 84 Invited lecture The role of electrodiagnostic assessment in diagnosis and follow-up of individuals with radiculopathy Dejan Nikolic1,2 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Children’s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia Sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy behaviours in working population are associated with an increase in the incidence of radiculopathies. Early diagnostics as well as adequate and optimal treatment for radiculopathy can influence reduction in complications that are associated with one. Aside initial clinical assessment of patients with radiculopathy, electrodiagnostic methods are important for evaluation of these patients. Electrodiagnostic assessment is composed in general of two components, including electroneurography (ENG) and electromyography (EMG). Electrodiagnostics is useful in . detecting the presence of neurogenic lesion as well as the level and severity of neu-n . rogenic lesion. Electrodiagnostic evolutions also have prognostic value since over the course of fol ow up certain characteristics can suggest the onset of reinnervation. Therefore, electrodiagnostic studies performed in patients with radiculopathy can be ehabilitatio of great benefit in future treatment planning and rehabilitation of these patients. This will have an impact on disability reduction and achievement of optimal quality of life for nd r the patients with radiculopathies. n a Keywords: electroneurography, electromyography, radiculopathy reventio .. | p ehabilitacija . n r preventiva i 85 Učinkovitost pilates vadbe na zmanjšanje kronične nespecifične bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta Ema Batagelj, Sanja Ferjančič, Denisa Manojlović Ivezić Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta je vodilni vzrok nezmožnosti v svetu, ki z na-raščanjem in staranjem prebivalstva postaja vse pogostejša. Nespecifična bolečina predstavlja več kot polovico primerov kronične bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta, ima pomemben vpliv na posameznikovo telesno delovanje, duševno zdravje in kakovost življenja ter ima visoke stroške zdravljenja. Ena izmed možnih intervencij zdravljenja je pilates vadba, katere cilji so povečanje mišične jakosti, vzdržljivosti in gibljivosti ter hkrati ohranjanje stabilnosti trupa. Pilates vadba se pri zdravljenju kronične bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta vedno pogosteje uporablja, vendar v literaturi ni jasnih dokazov o njenih kratko-, srednje- in dolgoročnih učinkih. Metode: Znanstveno literaturo na temo pilates vadbe pri kronični nespecifični boleči-ni v spodnjem delu hrbta smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Web of Science in Scopus s pomočjo ključnih besed »bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta«, »kronično«, »pilates«. V pregled literature smo vključili randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, obja-dults vljene v zadnjih 10 letih, ki so vključevale posameznike s kronično nespecifično boleči-no v spodnjem delu hrbta in so pilates intervencijo primerjale s kontrolnimi skupinami, lder a različnimi tehnikami ali frekvencami pilatesa, in z drugo vadbo. Vključili smo raziskave, nd o ki spremljale tudi kratko-, srednje- in dolgoročne učinke pilates vadbe. ge a Rezultati: V sistematični pregled literature je bilo vključenih osem raziskav. Pilates vadba je takoj po zaključku intervencije vplivala na večje zmanjšanje bolečine v primerjavi rking-ao z ekstenzijskimi vajami za hrbet, aerobno vadbo, vajami za krepitev trupa, farmakolo-f w škim zdravljenjem in edukacijsko brošuro. Najizrazitejše zmanjšanje bolečine se je izkazalo pri izvajanju pilates vadbe dvakrat tedensko, vendar brez značilnih razlik v primerjavi z vajami za krepitev mišic trupa. Kratkoročno se je pilates vadba izkazala kot ealth o učinkovitejša v primerjavi s skupinami brez intervencije, medtem ko so bili značilni srednjeročni učinki na zmanjšanje bolečine ugotovljeni le v eni raziskavi. Dolgoročni učin-ki pilates vadbe na kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta niso bili potrjeni. draslih | h Razprava in zaključki: Ugotovitve izvedenega sistematičnega pregleda literature nakazujejo, da je pilates vadba na kratki rok učinkovitejša v primerjavi z drugimi interven-tarejših o cijami brez vadbe, vendar ne moremo potrditi njenih srednje- in dolgoročnih učinkov. n s Potrebnih je več randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav, ki bi preučevale dolgoročne učinke pilates vadbe pri pacientih s kronično nespecifično bolečino v spodnjem de-ktivnih i lu hrbta. Ključne besede: pilates, kronična bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta, nespecifično elovno a zdravje d 86 The effectiveness of Pilates on reducing chronic non-specific low back pain Ema Batagelj, Sanja Ferjančič, Denisa Manojlović Ivezić University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is becoming more common as the population grows and ages. Non-specific pain accounts for mo-re than half of all cases of chronic low back pain and it has a significant impact on an individual‘s physical functioning, mental health and quality of life, and has high treatment costs. One possible treatment intervention is Pilates, which aims to increase muscle strength, endurance and flexibility while maintaining spinal stability. Pilates is becoming popular in the treatment of chronic low back pain, although there is no clear evidence in the literature on its short-, medium- and long-term effects. Methods: The scientific literature on Pilates for chronic non-specific low back pain was searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using the keywords „low back pain“, „chronic“, and „Pilates“. The literature review included randomised control ed trials published in the last 10 years. The population consisted of individuals with chronic . non-specific low back pain. Comparison was made between Pilates intervention and n . control groups, different Pilates techniques or frequencies, and other exercises. We only included studies that also monitored the short-, medium- and long-term effects of Pilates. ehabilitatio Results: Eight studies were included in the systematic literature review. Pilates proved nd r to be more effective in pain management than extension exercises, aerobic exercise, n a trunk strengthening exercises, pharmacological treatment and an educational brochu-re immediately after the treatment. Pain was most al eviated with a Pilates frequency of twice a week, but was not more effective compared to general back exercises. Fol-reventio lowing short-term effects, Pilates was found to be more effective than the no-inter- .. | p vention group. The medium-term effects of Pilates were confirmed in one of the included studies. Moreover, the long-term effects of Pilates on pain were not confirmed. Discussion and conclusions: The findings of our systematic literature review suggest that ehabilitacija . Pilates is more effective in the short term compared with other non-exercise intern r ventions, but we cannot confirm its medium- and long-term effects. More long-term randomised control ed trials on the effects of Pilates in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain are needed. preventiva i Keywords: pilates, chronic low back pain, non-specific 87 Pomen kardiološke rehabilitacije po srčnem infarktu: obravnava delovno aktivne in starejše populacije Alenka Cergol, Nina Zlatič Splošna bolnišnica Izola, Izola, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Srčni infarkt je eden od pogostih vzrokov smrti in invalidnosti po vsem svetu in posledičnim pomembnim vplivom na delovno populacijo. Kardiološka rehabilitacija predstavlja ključno fazo okrevanja po srčnem infarktu, saj pomaga bolni-kom pri fizični, psihični in socialni reintegraciji ter zmanjšuje tveganje za ponovne srč- ne dogodke. Posledice srčnega infarkta, kot so daljša odsotnost z dela ali trajna invalidnost, predstavljajo velik javnozdravstveni izziv. Kardiološka rehabilitacija je ključna za ponovno vzpostavitev funkcionalnosti in kakovosti življenja po srčnem infarktu ter predstavlja učinkovito sredstvo sekundarne preventive. Strokovni članek predstavi potek kardiološke rehabilitacije, obravnava pomen za delovno populacijo, poudarja njen vpliv za sekundarno preventivo in opisuje rezultate. Predstavitev vsebine: Na podlagi strokovnega sodelovanja Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Ljubljana (v nadaljevanju UKC Ljubljana) z Zavodom za zdravstveno zavarova-nje Slovenije (v nadaljevanju ZZZS) je bil v letu 2017 uveden nov zdravstveni program dults »Ambulantna kardiološka rehabilitacija«. Uvedba novega programa je sledila napred-ku medicine in farmakoterapije, zlasti na področju obravnave koronarnih bolnikov, ki lder a namesto stacionarne obravnave v okviru naravnega zdravilišča zahteva podaljšano am-nd o bulantno rehabilitacijo bolnika po uspešno zaključenemu akutnemu zdravljenju srčne-ge a ga infarkta v bolnišnici. Izvajalci so se v izvajanje novega programa vključevali postopoma, in sicer najprej UKC Ljubljana kot terciarna ustanova, pristojna za oblikovanje rking-a strokovnih usmeritev na tem področju. Nato so izvajanje tega novega programa uspe-o šno pričeli izvajati tudi ostale ustanove, med katerimi tudi Splošna bolnišnica Izola (v f w nadaljevanju SBI). Za spremljanje, evidentiranje in obračunavanje storitev, ki so izvedene v okviru novega programa, je ZZZS v sodelovanju z Interno kliniko UKC Ljublja-ealth o na opredelil tudi nov seznam storitev ambulantne kardiološke rehabilitacije ter novo kalkulacijo za planiranje in financiranje novega tima, ki ga sestavlja 5,30 delavcev (iz ur), od tega 1,20 zdravnik specialist (iz ur), 1,50 diplomirana oz. višja medicinska sestra (iz draslih | h ur) ter 1,50 diplomirani fizioterapevt (iz ur). V SBI izvajamo ambulantno rehabilitacijo z monitorsko kontrolo bolnikov, ki so pravkar preboleli srčni infarkt. Rehabilitacija se izvaja s pomočjo EKG, vključuje pa ogrevanje z aktivnimi in dihalnimi vajami. Pacienti va-tarejših o dijo na cikloergometru 40 minut intervalnega treninga. Lahko pa v vadbo vključimo še n s 20 minut kontinuiranega treninga na tekaški stezi. Sklepne ugotovitve: Kardiološka rehabilitacija po srčnem infarktu je ključna za delov-ktivnih i no populacijo in predstavlja pomemben del sekundarne preventive. Raziskave kažejo, da je izvajanje kardiološke rehabilitacije učinkovita obravnava sekundarne preventive. elovno a Ključne besede: rehabilitacija, kardiologija, srčni infarkt zdravje d 88 The importance of cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack: treatment of the working and elderly population Alenka Cergol, Nina Zlatič Izola General Hospital, Izola, Slovenia Background and purpose: Heart attack is an important cause of death and disability worldwide, with a significant impact on the working population. Cardiac rehabilitation represents a key phase of recovery after a heart attack, as it helps patients with physical, psychological and social reintegration and reduces the risk of repeated cardiac events. A heart attack represents an important public health chal enge, especial y among the working population, as it can cause prolonged absence from work or even permanent disability. Cardiac rehabilitation is key to restoring functionality and quality of life after a heart attack and is an effective means of secondary prevention. This article presents the course of cardiac rehabilitation, discusses the importance for the working population, emphasizes its impact for secondary prevention and describes the results. Content presentation: Based on the professional cooperation of the University Clini- . cal Center Ljubljana (hereafter UKC Ljubljana) with the Institute for Health Insurance n . of Slovenia (hereafter ZZZS), a new health program “Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation” was introduced in 2017. The introduction of the new program fol owed the progress of medicine and pharmacotherapy, especial y in the field of treatment of coro-ehabilitatio nary patients, which instead of inpatient treatment within the framework of a natural nd r spa requires extended outpatient rehabilitation of the patient after successful y com-n a pleted acute treatment of a heart attack in the hospital. The contractors were involved in the implementation of the new program gradual y, namely, first of al , UKC Ljubljana as a research institution responsible for creating professional orientations in this field. reventio Afterwards, the implementation of this new program was successful y implemented .. | p by other institutions, including the Izola General Hospital (hereafter SBI). In order to monitor, record and account for the services provided within the framework of the new program, ZZZS in cooperation with UKC Ljubljana, also defined a new list of am-bulatory cardiac rehabilitation services and a new calculation for planning and financ-ehabilitacija . ing the new team, which consists of 5.30 workers (from hours), of which 1.20 doctor n r specialist (from hours), 1.50 graduate or senior nurse (from hours) and 1.50 graduate physiotherapist (from hours). At SBI, we perform outpatient rehabilitation with monitor control of patients who have just suffered a heart attack. Rehabilitation is carried preventiva i out with the help of ECG and includes warm-up with active and breathing exercises. Patients exercise on an ergocyclometer for 40 minutes of interval training. We can al-so include 20 minutes of continuous training on the treadmill. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation after a heart attack is crucial for the working population and represents an important part of secondary prevention. Research shows that performing cardiac rehabilitation is an effective secondary prevention treatment. Keywords: rehabilitation, cardiology, heart attack 89 Učinek vadbi dodanega glukozamina pri osteoartrozi kolena: sistematični pregled in metaanaliza Tina Čeh1,2, Nejc Šarabon1 1 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2 Zdravstveni dom dr. Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Slovenija Uvod: Osteoartroza je degenerativna bolezen sklepov. Večinoma prizadene večje skle-pe, ki nosijo telesno težo, kot so kolki in kolena. Različne vrste vadbe znatno izboljšajo telesno funkcijo in lajšajo bolečino pri osebah z osteoartrozo kolena (OAK). Pogosto uporabljena prehranska dopolnila, kot sta glukozamin (G) in hondroitin (H) so prilju-bljena pri osebah z OAK, čeprav obstajajo nasprotujoči si dokazi o klinični koristi ra-be. Dokazi o učinkovitosti kombinacije vadbe in prehranskih dopolnil na obvladovanje OAK so šibki/nedokončni, zato je bil namen pregledati literaturo na temo dodatnih učinkov G ali G in H v kombinaciji z vadbo na bolečino in gibalne funkcije oseb z OAK. Metode: Vključitveni in izključitveni kriteriji so bili strukturirani in organizirani glede na orodje PICOS: populacija (P): odrasli > 50 let z OAK; intervencija (I): katerikoli tip vadbe doma ali vadbe v ustanovi v trajanju vsaj 4 tedne v kombinaciji z G ali G kom-binirano s H; primerjava (C): kontrolna/placebo skupina (samo vadba); izhodne me-dults re (O): katerikoli test, ki ocenjuje gibalne funkcije in bolečino (instrumentalne ali ne-instrumentalne meritve, vprašalniki); dizajn študije (S): intervencijske klinične študije z lder a vsaj dvema skupinama (vadba + G in/ali H in vadba (kontrolna/placebo skupina)). Štu-nd o dije smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Control-ge a led Trials, PEDro in Web of Science. Kakovost študij smo ocenili s pomočjo Pedro lestvice. Metaanaliza je bila izvedena s programom Review Manager 5.4, pri čemer smo rking-a uporabili metodo inverzne variance za neprekinjene rezultate z modelom naključnih o učinkov. Velikosti učinka so bile izražene kot standardizirana povprečna razlika (SMD). f w Za SMD so bili izračunani in poročani 95 % intervali zaupanja. Heterogenost vključenih študij je bila ocenjena z izračunom statistike I2. Prag statistične značilnosti za vse ealth o analize je bil pri p ≤ 0,05. Rezultati: V metaanalizo je bilo vključenih 6 študij (297 preiskovancev). Povprečna kakovost študij je bila ocenjena kot dobra (povprečje = 8,2; razpon = 5–10. Rezultati ka-draslih | h žejo, da učinek G ali G in H v kombinaciji z vadbo ni statistično značilno višji od učinka same vadbe, kot sledi iz ocene bolečine (WOMAC bolečina: SMD –0,18, 95% CI –0,47 tarejših o do 0,11, p = 0,23; in VAS bolečina: SMD –0,34, 95% CI –0,85 do 0,17, p = 0,20) in te-n s lesne funkcije (SMD –0,13, 95% CI –0,95 do 0,69, p = 0,76). Razprava in zaključki: Zaradi velike variabilnost med dizajni študij težko z gotovostjo ktivnih i ocenimo učinke G in H v kombinaciji z vadbo na simptome OAK v primerjavi s samo vadbo. Potrebnih je več raziskav vloge G in/ali H v kombinaciji z vadbo pri obvladovanju bolezni, a zdi se, da dodajanje G z ali brez H v program vadbe pri osebah z OAK ni-elovno a ma dodatnega učinka na bolečino in telesno funkcijo v primerjavi z vadbo samo. Ključne besede: zdravljenje, prehranska dopolnila, telesna aktivnost, starejši odrasli zdravje d 90 Effect of added glucosamine to exercise in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Tina Čeh1,2, Nejc Šarabon 1 1 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2 Community Healthcare Center dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Slovenia Introduction: Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease and it mainly affects large weight-bearing joints such as hips and knees. Exercise is known to significantly improve physical function and al eviate pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Commonly used symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis such as glucosamine (G) and chondroitin (C) have gained wide popularity for KOA, although there are con-flicting findings regarding the clinical benefits of their use. Evidences on the effectiveness of combining exercise and dietary supplements for managing KOA are weak and has not yet been established. The aim was to review the literature on the additional effects of G or G and C in combination with exercise on pain and physical function in patients with KOA. Methods: Study eligibility criteria were structured and organized according to the PI- . COS tool: a) population: adults aged > 50 years with KOA; b) intervention: any type n . of home- or institution-based exercise in duration of at least 4 weeks in combination with G or G combined with C; c) comparison: control or placebo group (exercise intervention only); d) outcome: any tests assessing physical function and pain (instru-ehabilitatio mented and non-instrumented measures and questionnaires); study design: interven-nd r tional clinical trials with at least two groups (exercise + G and/or C and exercise n a group). Studies were searched in several online databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Control ed Trials, PEDro, and Web of Science. Quality assessment of the literature was conducted using the Pedro scale, and meta-analysis was performed reventio using Review Manager 5.4 software. For the meta-analysis, the inverse variance meth- .. | p od for continuous outcomes with a random-effects model was used. The effect sizes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). For SMD, the respective 95% confidence intervals were also calculated and reported. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed by calculating I2 statistics. Statistical significance threshold ehabilitacija . was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all analyses. n r Results: Six studies, comprising 297 participants, were included in the final analysis. According to the PEDro scale, the average quality of the studies was rated as good (mean=8.2, range=5–10). The results indicated that the combined effect of G, or preventiva i G and C, with exercise was not significant, as evidenced by the assessed knee pain (WOMAC pain: SMD –0.18, 95% CI –0.47 to 0.11, p = 0.23; and VAS pain: SMD –0.34, 95% CI –0.85 to 0.17, p = 0.20) and physical function (SMD –0.13, 95% CI –0.95 to 0.69, p = 0.76). Discussion and conclusions: We observed a high variability among study designs, which made it difficult to assess with certainty the effect of G and C in combination with exercise on KOA symptoms compared to exercise alone. More high-quality studies are needed to explore the role of G and/or C combining with exercise in the treatment of disease. However, the inclusion of G with or without C in a KOA exercise program did not seem to make exercise therapy more effective. Keywords: treatment, dietary supplement, physical activity, older adults 91 Joga kot ključna praksa za preprečevanje izgorelosti Jelena Dudine, Sandra Martinuč Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: V vsakdanjem življenju se veliko število ljudi sooča s sindromom izgorelosti. Pomembno je, da posameznik razume, kaj izgorelost je in jo zna prepoznati. V primerjavi z občutkom utrujenosti je izgorelost bolj postopna in povezana s težavami na delovnih mestih. Izgorelost se lahko kaže skozi fizične in psihološke simptome. Metode: Opravili smo sistematični pregled domače in tuje strokovne literature. Zbiranje in iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju od septembra 2023 do oktobra 2023, vključili smo v raziskavo članke, ki proučujejo jogo in dihanje. Pri izboru literature smo upoštevali kriterije, kot so prosta dostopnost do člankov, povezanost z izbrano temo in objava med letoma 2013 in 2023. Do nje smo dostopali v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect in COBISS.SI. Iskanje je potekalo s ključnimi besedami v slovenščini in angleščini: izgorelost, joga, meditacija, simptomi, intervencija, medicinske sestre, zdravstveni delavci. Rezultati: Za preprečitev izgorelosti na delovnem mestu je pomembna lastna samo-dults oskrba. Spodbujanje samooskrbe z vključevanjem joge v dnevno prakso je pomembno, saj s tem preprečujemo izgorelost in zmanjšujemo stres na delovnem mestu in v lder a domačem okolju. Uvedba joge na delovnem mestu pripomore k umirjenemu in spro- ščenemu stanju med zaposlenimi. Z jogo posamezniki pripomorejo k boljšemu poču-nd o tju ob napornih trenutkih. Z omenjeno prakso si posamezniki lajšajo neugodje in pri-ge a pomorejo k obvladovanju situacije v kateri se nahajajo. Prednost meditacije in dihalne tehnike je, da za to posameznik ne potrebuje posebnega okolja, uporablja se kot sarking-ao mopomoč, izvaja se lahko kjer koli, tudi v delovnem okolju. Ko se oseba znajde v stre-f w sni situaciji lahko v trenutku s pravilnim dihanjem in umiritvijo uma pomaga, da jo situacija ne iztiri in privede do stiske. V vsakdanjem življenju dihanje pogosto zrcali naše stanje uma, saj ko smo sproščeni, je dihanje svobodno, globoko in mirno. Stanje vzne-ealth o mirjenosti vpliva na dihanje, ki se kaže kot plitvo, hitro in neenakomerno. S pravilnim dihanjem, ki se ga posameznik nauči s pomočjo joge in tehnike dihanja telo privedemo v stanje, kjer bo v stresnih situacijah pravilno reagiralo. draslih | h Razprava in zaključki: Vključevanje joge in meditacije pri posamezniku je ključno za zagotavljanje stabilnega psihofizičnega počutja, zlasti v poklicih, kjer je stres neizogiben. tarejših o Redna praksa joge lahko prispeva k preprečitvi izgorevanja in prispeva k izboljšanju do-n s brega počutja pri posamezniku. Organizacije bi morale podpirati te prakse z uvedbo programov za promocijo zdravja, ki vključujejo jogo in meditacijo. Poleg tega bi mora-ktivnih i le omogočiti posameznikom na delovnih mestih čas in prostor za sprostitev med de-lovnim časom. Posamezniki bi se v stresnih situacijah pomirili in obnovili svojo energijo, kar bi pozitivno vplivalo na njihovo delo in na kakovost dela, ki ga posameznik opravlja. elovno a Ključne besede: joga, meditacija, stres, delovno mesto zdravje d 92 Yoga as a key practice to prevent burnout Jelena Dudine, Sandra Martinuč University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Many people experience burnout in their daily lives. It is important that people understand what burnout is and that they can recognise it. Compared to feeling tired, burnout is a gradual process that is linked to problems in the workplace. Burnout can manifest itself through physical and psychological symptoms . Methods: The literature col ection and research took place between September 2023 and October 2023, and we included articles dealing with yoga and breathing. The literature was selected based on criteria such as free accessibility of the articles, relevance to the selected topic and publication between 2013 and 2023. Access was via the PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect and COBISS.SI databases. The search was conducted using the fol owing keywords in English and Slovenian: burnout, yoga, meditation, symptoms, intervention, nurses, health professionals. Results: Self-care is important to prevent burnout in the workplace. Promoting self-care by incorporating yoga into daily practise is important to prevent burnout and re- .n . duce stress at work and at home. Introducing yoga into the workplace contributes to a calm and relaxed state of mind for employees. Yoga helps individuals feel better in times of stress. The practise helps individuals al eviate their discomfort and cope with their situation. The advantage of meditation and breathing techniques is that they do ehabilitatio not require a specialised environment, they are used as a self-help technique and they nd r can be practised anywhere, including the workplace. When a person is in a stressful n a situation, breathing properly and calming the mind can help prevent the situation from derailing and leading to distress. In everyday life, breathing often reflects our state of mind because when we are relaxed, our breathing is free, deep and calm. A state of reventio excitement affects our breathing, which appears shal ow, rapid and irregular. Correct .. | p breathing, which you learn through yoga and breathing techniques, brings the body in-to a state in which it reacts correctly in stressful situations. Discussion and conclusions: Integrating yoga and meditation into one’s practise is cru-ehabilitacija . cial for stable psychophysical wel -being, especial y in occupations where stress is un-n r avoidable. A regular yoga practise can help prevent burnout and contribute to an individual’s wel -being. Companies should support these practises by introducing health promotion programmes that include yoga and meditation. In addition, they should preventiva i give people in the workplace time and space to relax during working hours. Individuals would be able to calm down and recharge their batteries in stressful situations, which would have a positive impact on their work and the quality of the work performed. Keywords: yoga, meditation, stress, workplace 93 Spremembe miofascijalnih komponent gibanja pri starejših Maja Frangež1, Maja Marija Potočnik2 1 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Inštitut za medicinsko rehabilitacijo, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Enota za respiratorno fizioterapijo – SPRM, Klinični oddelek za anesteziologijo in intenzivno terapijo, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: V procesu staranja našega telesa pride do številnih strukturnih in funkcionalnih sprememb na področju mišic in fascije in s tem povezanih sprememb komponent gibanja. Spreminja se tudi vzorec dihanja. Ker se dihanje dogaja v samem središču telesa, lahko različne tehnike dihanja uporabimo kot dodaten element telesne vadbe. Predstavitev vsebine: Fascija vključuje vse kolagensko fibrozno tkivo, ki kot tridimenzio-nalna mreža prepleta naše telo. Najnovejša znanstvena dognanja potrjujejo, da je fascija ključnega pomena za zaznavanje našega telesa in skupaj z mišičnim vezivnim tkivom predstavlja delovno enoto, saj mišice ne morejo vzdrževati oblike brez fascijalnega tkiva. Zaradi številnih receptorjev in prostih živčnih končičev ima tudi ključno vlogo pri propriocepciji in zaznavanju bolečine. Pomemben doprinos k razumevanju bolečine v dults križu so odkritja o spremenjenem drsenju fascijalnih struktur in mišic pri osebah z bo-lečino v križu, odkritje miofibroblastov, ki so odgovorni za kontraktilne lastnosti tora-lder a koledvene fascije in odkritje fascijacitov, ki so specializirani za produkcijo s hialuronom nd o bogatega ekstracelularnega matriksa. Vedno več raziskav potrjuje, da ima fascija po-ge a membno vlogo pri prenosu sil po telesu in je zato ključna za prilagodljivost in elastič- nost, ter zmogljivost našega telesa. Koncept vadbe Fascial Fitness® (fascijalni fitnes) in rking-a fascijalno dihanje je sestavljen iz štirih principov: fascialno sproščanje (angl. fascial re-o lease), fascijalno raztezanje (angl. fascial stretch), povrnitev elastične odzivnosti (angl. f w rebound elasticity), čutno zaznavanje (angl. sensory refinement). Literatura s podro- čja fascijalne vadbe potrjuje, da lahko dobro trenirano vezivno tkivo vpliva na fleksibil-ealth o nost, omogoča večjo elstičnost pri gibanju, vzpostavlja funkcionalno fascijalno mrežoin dolgoročno preventive bolečin in poškodb. Program vadbe fasciajlnega fitnesa in fascijalnega dihanja si prizadeva optimizirati lastnosti našega vezivnega tkiva. draslih | h Sklepne ugotovitve: Fascijalno tkivo je ključno pri vsakem našem gibu. Ena njegovih edin-stvenih lastnosti je, da ima številne receptorje za raztezanje. To dela fascijo za enega tarejših o najpomembnejših senzoričnih organov za propriocepcijo. Dobro trenirana fascija lah-n s ko vpliva na zmanjšanje bolečin in pripomore k dobremu počutju. Vzdrževanje zdrave in elastične miofascialne mreže notranje enote telesa se začne s kontrolo dihanja, ki definira začetek vsakega telesnega giba. V prihodnosti bodo glede na nova spoznanja ktivnih i in z dokazi podprta znanja o vlogi vezivnega tkiva v našem telesu potrebne posodobi-tve programov vadbe in gibanja tudi pri starejših. elovno a Ključne besede: fascija, fascijalni fitnes, miofascijalne zakonitosti, dihanje zdravje d 94 Changes in myofascial components of movement in the elderly Maja Frangež1, Maja Marija Potočnik2 1 University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Institute of medical rehabilitation, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia Aim: Aging is a one-way process associated with profound structural and functional changes in our bodies, including those in the muscles and fascia, which could be related to changes in movement. The pattern of breathing can also change durin aging. Due to the fact that breathing takes place at the core of the body, various breathing techniques can be utilized as an additional component of physical training. Content: Fascia includes all col agenous fibrous tissue in our body, which works as a three-dimensional network. The latest scientific findings confirm that fascia is crucial for our body shape and awareness; muscles cannot function or maintain their shape without fascial tissue. It plays a key role in propriocepcion and pain. Significant contributions to understanding lower back pain have been made through the discovery of altered gliding of fascial structures and muscles in individuals with lower back pain, the . discovery of myofibroblasts responsible for the contractile properties of the thora-n . columbar fascia, and the discovery of fasciacytes specialized in producing a hyaluronic acid-rich extracel ular matrix. An increasing number of studies confirm that fascia plays an important role in force transmission throughout the body, making it crucial for the ehabilitatio adaptability, elasticity, and performance of our bodies. The concept of Fascial Fitness® nd r and fascial breathing consists of four principles: fascial release, fascial stretch, rebound n a elasticity, and sensory refinement. Literature in the field of fascial training confirms that wel -trained connective tissue can influence flexibility, al ows for greater elasticity in movement, establishes a functional fascial network, and provides long-term preven-reventio tion of pain and injuries.The Fascial Fitness® and fascial breathing movement programs .. | p aim to optimize the properties of our connective tissue. Conclusion: Fascial tissue is crucial in every movement we make. One of its characteristics is having numerous receptors, making fascia one of the reachest sensory orehabilitacija . gans for proprioception. Wel -trained fascia can contribute to reducing pain and pron r moting overall wel -being. Maintaining a healthy and elastic myofascial network within our body starts with control of breathing, which defines the beginning of each movement. In the future, evidence-based approach in understanding the role of connective tissue in our bodies, should influenece exercise and movement programmes even preventiva i for older individuals. Keywords: fascia, Fascial Fitness, miofascia, breathing 95 Intervencija prizemske adaptacije pri unilateralnem prostorskem neglektu po možganski kapi – sistematični pregled literature Bernarda Helbel, Matej Voglar Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Unilateralni prostorski neglekt (angl. unilateral spatial neglect, USN) je pogost nevrokognitivni sindrom, ki se lahko pojavi po možganski kapi in pogosto vodi v pristranskost vedenja usmerjenega v ipsilezionalno stran. Čeprav je bil včasih njegov pojav povezan le s poškodbo desne hemisfere možganov, danes vemo, da se pojavlja tu-di po poškodbi leve hemisfere. USN vključuje primanjkljaje v pozornosti in ni omejen le na prostorsko pristranskost, ampak prizadene tudi različne kognitivne funkcije. Heterogenost sindroma predstavlja izziv, saj ga redko povzroča singularna disfunkcija ali lezija, čemur sledi tudi velik nabor različnih simptomov, ki jih lahko opazimo pri pacientih z USN. Heterogenost pa se odraža tudi v intervencijah, ki se v literaturi pojavljajo v sklopu rehabilitacije USN. Ena bolj raziskanih intervencij je prizemska adaptacija (PA), pri kateri si posamezniki nadenejo očala, ki so opremljena s prizemskimi lečami in nato opravljajo različne vidno-motorične naloge. Leče delujejo tako, da horizontal-no premaknejo vidno polje proti ipsilezionalni strani prostora. Cilj pregleda literature dults je bil preučiti učinke intervencije PA pri pacientih z USN po ishemični ali hemoragič- ni možganski kapi, pri čemer se je posebna pozornost namenjala tako lokaciji možgan-lder a ske lezije in zunanjim vedenjskim simptomom, kot tudi diferenciaciji med alo- in ego-nd o centričnim neglektom. ge a Metode: Iskanje člankov je bilo izvedeno na podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Scopus in PEDro, kjer smo iskali randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, ki so uporabile terapijo PA rking-a pri rehabilitaciji USN pri bolnikih po možganski kapi. Vključitveni kriteriji so zajema-o li izvirne članke v angleščini od leta 2013 do 2024, osredotočene na študije povezane f w z ishemično ali hemoragično možgansko kapjo z USN. Izključitveni kriteriji so zajemali študije s farmakološkimi zdravljenji, navzkrižne raziskave, pilotne in izvedljivostne štu-ealth o dije ter specifične populacije (travmatična možganska poškodba, pridobljena možganska poškodba, tumorji). Rezultati: V sistematični pregled je bilo vključenih pet študij s posamezniki s starostjo draslih | h med 46 in 68 let. Največkrat uporabljene mere izidov za oceno USN in njegovih sen-zornih in motoričnih simptomov, pred in po intervenciji, so bile Catherine Bergego le-tarejših o stvica, test delitve črte (angl. Line Bisection Test) in različice testa zlomljenih src (angl. n s Broken Hearts Test), kot tudi test vedenjske nepozornosti (angl. Behavioural Inattention Test). Večina študij (4) poroča o statistično značilnih kratkoročnih učinkih intervencije PA na različne vidike USN. Izmed dveh študij, ki sta preučevali dolgoročne učin-ktivnih i ke intervencije PA, ena poroča o statistično značilnih dolgoročnih učinkih po obdobju treh mesecev brez intervencije. elovno a Razprava in zaključki: Ugotavljamo, da ima terapija PA potencial, da se prepozna kot učinkovit ukrep za izboljšanje nekaterih vidikov USN. Nadaljnje raziskave so ključnega zdravje d pomena za izboljšanje parametrov intervencij ter za določanje in poenotenje mer izida, kar lahko vodi v boljši funkcionalni izid za posameznike z USN. Ključne besede: Enostransko prostorsko zanemarjanje, možganska kap, prizemska prilagoditev, nevrorehabilitacija, CVI, hemispatialno zanemarjanje 96 Prism Adaptation for unilateral spatial neglect (USN) following stroke – A Systematic Review Bernarda Helbel, Matej Voglar University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Unilateral spatial neglect (USN), a common neurocognitive syndrome following stroke, results in biased behaviour towards the ipsilesional side. Despite its previous association with right hemisphere damage, it occurs after left hemisphere injury as wel . USN involves attention deficits and extends beyond spatial bias, affecting to affect various cognitive functions. The syndromes’ heterogeneity poses chal enges in pinpointing a singular dysfunction or lesion. Patients may exhibit diverse neglect symptoms, supporting a heterogeneous account of visuospatial neglect. The breadth of diversity encompasses more than just the origins, as interventions designed to al eviate the symptoms of USN are equal y varied. One of the more researched interventions for USN is Prism Adaptation (PA). Methods: The main objective was to determine the effects of PA intervention for patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) after ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, tak- . ing into account both the location of the brain lesion and the exhibited behavioural n . symptoms, with a specific focus on discerning between al o- and ego-centric neglect. The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro, in which we sought for randomised control ed studies using PA intervention in the rehabilitation of unilateral ehabilitatio spatial neglect in stroke patients. Inclusion criteria encompassed original English-lan-nd r guage articles from 2013 to 2024, focusing on studies related to ischemic or haem-n a orrhagic stroke with unilateral neglect. Exclusion criteria targeted studies with pharmacological treatments, crossover designs, pilot and feasibility studies, and specific populations (traumatic brain injury, acquired brain injury, tumours). reventio .. | p Results: Five studies were included in this systematic literature review with individuals aged 46-68. Most used outcome measures to assess the severity of USN and its sensory and motor symptoms, pre- and post- intervention, were the Catherine Bergego Scale, Line Bisection Test and variations of the Broken Hearts Test, as wel ehabilitacija . as the Behavioural Inattention Test, among others. Most studies (4) report significant n r short terms effects of PA on different aspects of USN. Out of the two studies that assessed the long-term effects, one reports significant long-term effects of PA after three months with no intervention, preventiva i Discussion and conclusions: In conclusion, PA has potential to be identified as an effective measure for ameliorating some of the various aspects of USN. Moving forward, continued research is vital to refine interventions and to specify and unify the outcome measures, thus possibly improving the functional outcomes for individuals affected by neglect. Keywords: unilateral spatial neglect, stroke, prism adaptation, neurorehabilitation, CVA, hemispatial neglect 97 Učinek vadbe mišic medeničnega dna na kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta Urša Horvat, Manca Salmič, Denisa Manojlović Ivezić Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Kronična bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta negativno vpliva na posameznikovo splošno počutje, zmanjšuje delovno produktivnost in povzroča visoke stroške zdravljenja. Ključno metodo za obvladovanje tovrstne bolečine predstavlja nefarmakolo- ško zdravljenje, med katero uvrščamo tudi fizioterapijo. Ena manj raziskanih fiziotera-pevtskih metod, ki potencialno prispeva k odpravljanju kronične bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta, je vadba mišic medeničnega dna, katere učinkovitost smo ugotavljali s po-močjo pregleda literature. Metode: V sistematični pregled literature so bile vključene raziskave iz podatkovnih baz PubMed in Google Scholar. Pregledane so bile vse študije, ne glede na leto objave, ki so bile napisane v angleškem jeziku in so ustrezale vključitvenim kriterijem: randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, ki so vključevale osebe s kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta in so kot intervencijo izvajali vadbo mišic medeničnega dna. Kakovost vklju- čenih raziskav je bila ocenjena s pomočjo PEDro lestvice. dults Rezultati: Zastavljenim kriterijem je ustrezalo sedem randomiziranih kontroliranih raz-lder a iskav, ki so bile vključene v sistematični pregled literature. Povprečna metodološka kakovost vključenih študij je bila ocenjena kot zadovoljiva (> 4) po PEDro lestvici. nd o Rezultati raziskav so pokazali, da se z izvedbo terapije, sestavljene iz standardne fizi-ge a oterapevtske obravnave (elektroterapija, toplotna terapija, ultrazvočna terapija, vadba jakosti hrbtnih mišic) in vadbe mišic medeničnega dna, statistično značilno zmanjša rking-ao bolečino ter izboljša funkcionalnost oseb s kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta. f w Poleg tega se je omenjena kombinacija izkazala za statistično značilno učinkovitejšo intervencijo kot sama standardna fizioterapevtska obravnava. Kljub vsemu je zmanjšanje kronične bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta izrazitejše, ko standardni obravnavi dodamo ealth o stabilizacijsko vadbo trupa, kot če ji dodamo vadbo mišic medeničnega dna. Razprava in zaključki: Glavna ugotovitev našega pregleda literature nakazuje, da vklju-draslih | h čitev vadbe mišic medeničnega dna v standardno obravnavo predstavlja učinkovit pristop za zmanjšanje bolečine ter izboljšanje funkcionalnosti posameznikov s kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta. V prihodnosti bi bilo smiselno izvesti več visoko ka-tarejših o kovostnih randomiziranih kontroliranih študij s širšim spektrom preiskovancev, kar bi n s omogočilo oblikovanje natančnejših smernic za fizioterapevtski pristop pri obravnavi posameznikov. Poleg tega bi bilo koristno izvesti raziskave, ki bi sledile dolgoročnim ktivnih i učinkom vadbe mišic medeničnega dna na kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta, s čimer bi lahko bolje razumeli njen dolgotrajen terapevtski potencial. elovno a Ključne besede: bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta, mišice medeničnega dna, vadba, fizioterapevtska obravnava zdravje d 98 The effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises on chronic low back pain Urša Horvat, Manca Salmič, Denisa Manojlović Ivezić University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Chronic low back pain represents a major problem for the global population, as it adversely affects individualsòverall wel -being, diminishes work productivity and leads to high treatment costs. Non-pharmacological treatment, including physiotherapy, is a key method for managing this type of pain condition. One of the less studied physiotherapy methods that potential y contributes to the management of chronic low back pain is pelvic floor muscle training, the effectiveness of which we evaluated through this literature review. Methods: In the systematic literature review, randomized control ed trials identified through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included. All studies, regardless of the year of publication, written in English language and meeting the inclusion criteria, were reviewed. These criteria included that the studies were randomized control ed trials, with participants being individuals with chronic lower back pain, and that the intervention involved pelvic floor muscle exercises. The quality of included studies . was assessed using the PEDro scale. n . Results: Seven randomized control ed trials were included in the systematic literature review. Their methodological quality was rated as “fair” (> 4) according to the PEDro scale. The results of the studies showed that a treatment consisting of standard physio-ehabilitatio therapy (electrotherapy, thermotherapy, ultrasound therapy, back muscle strengthen-nd r ing exercises) and pelvic floor muscle training significantly reduces pain and improves n a the functionality of people with chronic low back pain. Furthermore, this combination proved to be significantly more effective intervention than standard physiotherapy treatment alone. Nevertheless, the reduction in chronic low back pain is more pro-reventio nounced when we add trunk stabilization exercises to standard treatment than when .. | p we add pelvic floor muscle exercises. Discussion and conclusion: The main finding of our literature review suggests that integrating pelvic floor muscle training into standard treatment represents an effective ap-ehabilitacija . proach for reducing pain and improving functionality in individuals with chronic low n r back pain. More high-quality randomized control ed trials with a broader spectrum of participants are warranted in order to support the development of more precise guidelines for physiotherapeutic approaches in individual treatment. Additional y, re-preventiva i search investigating the long-term effects of pelvic floor muscle training on chronic low back pain would be beneficial for a better understanding of its long-term therapeutic potential. Keywords: low back pain, pelvic floor muscles, exercise, physiotherapy treatment 99 Rehabilitacija po zdravljenju na intenzivni enoti Peter Kamničar Alma Mater Europaea - ECM, Maribor, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: V zadnjih nekaj desetletjih je napredek v kritični oskrbi pripomo-gel k uspešnejšemu zdravljenju bolezni z visoko umrljivostjo, vendar uspehi tovrstne-ga zdravljenja s seboj prinašajo tudi negativne posledice. Slednje se odraža v kognitivnih motnjah, oslabelih telesnih funkcijah in prizadetemu duševnem zdravju. Gre za t.i. sindrom po intenzivni negi (ang. »Post Intensive Care Syndrom - PICS«), ki prizadene večino preživelih na intenzivni enoti. Namen strokovnega prispevka je izpostaviti pomembnost preprečevanja in zmanjšanja PICS ter pomembnost rehabilitacije po intenzivni negi. PICS se ne odraža zgolj v dolgotrajnih fizičnih in nevropsiholoških težavah, temveč tudi širše - na psihičnem in fizičnem zdravju družinskih članov, stalna uporaba zdravstvenih storitev pa prinaša tudi določene finančne stroške. Predstavitev vsebine: Bolniki po odpustu iz intenzivne enote lahko trpijo zaradi simptomov PICS. Glavna dva simptoma sindroma po intenzivni negi sta splošna fizična utrujenost, ki je posledica izgube telesne in mišične mase ter tesnoba oziroma depresija. Zato je na tem mestu potrebno izpostaviti pomembnost rehabilitacije za katero v Slo-dults veniji ne obstaja sistemska ureditev. Končni cilj vsake rehabilitacije je zagotavljanje na-joptimalnejše vključitve pacienta v vsakdanje življenje in delovno okolje. Vendar pa je lder a vse večji poudarek, da je potrebno preprečevanje PICS že na začetku kritične bolezni. nd o Za zmanjšanje vpliva sindroma so bile preučevane številne intervencije. Izkazalo se je, ge a da usklajen in sinergijski model oskrbe, označen s kratico ABCDEF, zmanjšuje stopnjo umrljivosti in zmanjšuje številne zaplete kritične bolezni, vključno s ponovno hospitali-rking-a zacijo na intenzivno enoto in odpustom v domove za ostarele in rehabilitacijske usta-o nove. Ti posamezni procesi združeni v sinergijski model predstavljajo najpomembnejši f w napredek pri preprečevanju PICS in posledic kritične bolezni v zadnjih dveh desetletjih. ealth o Sklepne ugotovitve: Pomembnost preprečevanja PICS že na začetku kritične bolezni, tudi s pomočjo sinergijskega modela oskrbe ABCDEF, je danes še vedno premalo izpostavljena tematika. Obenem pa bi bilo potrebno večji poudarek nameniti tudi po-draslih | h membnosti, in posledično dostopnost, rehabilitacije. Na tem mestu je ključno izpostaviti učinkovitejšo implementacijo obeh tarejših o Omenjenih načinov za zagotavljanje dobrobiti pacientov oz. preživelih na intenzivni n s enoti po akutni bolezni. Ključne besede: intenzivna enota, kritična bolezen, rehabilitacija, PICS, model ABCDEF ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 100 Rehabilitation after treatment in the intensive care unit Peter Kamničar Alma Mater Europaea - ECM, Maribor, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: Over the past few decades, advances in critical care have contributed to more successful treatment of diseases with high mortality, but the successes of such treatment also come with negative consequences. The latter is reflected in symptoms such as disturbances in cognitive abilities, physical functions and mental health. It is a so-cal ed post intensive care syndrome (Post Intensive Care Syndrom - PICS), which mostly survived in the intensive care unit have. The purpose of the professional contribution is to highlight the importance of preventing and reducing PICS and the importance of rehabilitation after intensive care. PICS reflects not only in long-term physical and neuropsychological problems, but as well in mental and physical health of family members, and nevertheless the constant use of medical services also brings certain financial costs. Content presentation: Patients may suffer from PICS symptoms after discharge from the intensive care unit. The two main symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome are ge- . neral physical fatigue as a result of loss of body weight and muscle mass, and anxiety n . or depression. Therefore, at this point it is necessary to highlight the importance of rehabilitation, for which there is no systemic regulation in Slovenia. The ultimate go-al of any rehabilitation is the development of the remaining potential of the organism ehabilitatio to ensure the most optimal integration of the patient into everyday life and the wor-nd r king environment. However, there is increasing emphasis on the need to prevent PICS n a early in critical il ness. A number of interventions have been studied to reduce the impact of the syndrome. The ABCDEF coordinated and synergistic model of care has been shown to reduce mortality and reduce many complications of critical il ness, in-reventio cluding ICU readmissions and discharges to nursing homes and rehabilitation facilities. .. | p These individual processes combined in a synergistic model represent the most important advances in the prevention of PICS and the consequences of critical il ness in the last two decades. ehabilitacija . Conclusions: The importance of preventing PICS at the beginning of a critical il ness, al-n r so with the help of the ABCDEF synergistic care model, is still an under-exposed topic today. At the same time, greater emphasis should also be placed on the importance, and consequently accessibility, of rehabilitation. At this point, it is crucial to point out the more effective implementation of both mentioned methods for ensuring the preventiva i wel -being of patients or of survivors in the intensive care unit afte ran acute il ness. Keywords: intensive care unit, critical il ness, rehabilitation, PICS, ABCDEF model 101 Razlike v upravljanju gibanja vratne hrbtenice med zdravimi odraslimi in starejšimi odraslimi Izabela Lužnik, Maja Pajek, Živa Majcen Rošker Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Vratna hrbtenica je preko živčnega sistema neposredno povezana z vestibular-nim in vidnim sistemom ter zagotavlja pomemben proprioceptivni dotok uporabljen za upravljanje gibanja glave in oči ter upravljanje ravnotežja. Do sprememb v delovanju mišic vratu lahko pride zaradi degenerativnih procesov, ki jih lahko spremlja tudi atrofija mišic. Opisane spremembe lahko vplivajo na delovanje proprioceptivnega sistema in posledično na spremenjene vzorce mišične aktivnosti. Spremembe v propri-oceptivnem dotoku iz vratne hrbtenice lahko tako vodijo v senzorično neskladje in posledično slabše kinestetično zaznavanje. Pretekle raziskave nakazujejo, da do tovrstnih sprememb prihaja tudi v starosti kot posledica patoloških ali degenerativnih sprememb vratne hrbtenice. Namen raziskave je bil preveriti razlike v upravljanju gibanja vratne hrbtenice s pomočjo Metuljnega testa med zdravimi odraslimi in starejšimi odraslimi osebami. Metode: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 32 zdravih posameznikov (16 odraslih, starih 18-dults 65 let in 16 starejših odraslih, starejših od 65 let), ki so izvedli Metuljni test s pomo- čjo inercijske merilne enote. Med testom so morali preiskovanci z gibanjem glave čim lder a bolj natančno slediti nepredvidljivo premikajoči se referenčni tarči na računalniškem nd o zaslonu (po tri ponovitve na 3 različnih stopnjah težavnosti). Razlike med starostni-ge a ma skupinama smo preverjali s pomočjo t-testa za neodvisne vzorce ter v primeru kr- šenja predpostavk o normalnosti porazdelitve podatkov in/ali enakosti varianc s po-rking-a močjo Mann-Whitney U testa, in sicer za naslednje spremenljivke: amplitudna napaka o sledenja (AN), čas na referenčni tarči (ČT), zaostajanje (Z) in prehitevanje referenč- f w ne tarče (P). Rezultati: Ugotovili smo statistično značilne razlike med odraslimi in starejšimi odra-ealth o slimi pri spremenljivkah AN, ČT in Z pri vseh 3 stopnjah težavnosti, pri čemer rezultati kažejo na boljše gibalno upravljanje vratne hrbtenice pri odraslih, medtem ko pri spremenljivki P ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik med skupinama v vseh 3 stopnjah te-draslih | h žavnosti. Razprava in zaključki: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je bilo pri starejših odraslih zna-tarejših o čilno slabše gibalno upravljanje vratne hrbtenice kakor pri odraslih osebah. Glede na n s pomen vratne hrbtenice za številne senzorično-motorične funkcije lahko primanjklja-ji v kinestetičnem zaznavanju vodijo v manj učinkovito gibanje in sposobnost ohranja-ktivnih i nja ravnotežja ter morebitno povečano tveganje za padce pri starejših osebah. Posledično bi bilo v prihodnje smiselno preveriti učinek vadbenih programov za izboljšanje kinestezije vratne hrbtenice na izboljšanje različnih senzorično-motoričnih funkcij pri elovno a starejših odraslih osebah. Ključne besede: vratna hrbtenica, kinestezija, upravljanje gibanja, starejši odrasli zdravje d 102 Differences in movement control of the cervical spine between healthy adults and older adults Izabela Lužnik, Maja Pajek, Živa Majcen Rošker University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: The cervical spine has important neurophysiological connections to the vestibular and visual systems, providing proprioceptive input for the control of head and eye movements as well as postural stability. Disturbances in neck muscle function may arise due to degeneration and muscle atrophy, which influence the proprioceptive capabilities and cervical muscle activation patterns. Consequently, altered proprioceptive input from the cervical spine can lead to sensory mismatch and thus affect kinaesthetic functions. Previous studies suggest that changes in cervicocephalic kinaesthetic awareness can also occur with ageing as a result of altered cervical afferent input due to pathological and degenerative changes of the cervical spine. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in movement control of the cervical spine using the Butterfly test between healthy adults and older adults. Methods: The study involved 32 healthy individuals (16 adults, aged 18-65 years and . 16 older adults, older than 65 years), who performed the Butterfly test with an iner-n . tial measurement unit. During the test, participants were required to accurately track an unpredictably moving target shown on the computer screen with active head and neck movements (three repetitions for 3 different movement path difficulties). The dif-ehabilitatio ferences between the two age groups were compared using the independent sam-nd r ples t-test and in case of violated assumptions of normality of data distribution and/or n a equal variances using the Mann-Whitney U test in the fol owing variables: amplitude accuracy (AA), time on target (ToT), undershoot (U) and overshoot (O). Results: Statistical y significant differences between the groups were observed for the reventio variables AA, ToT and U in all three levels of difficulty, with the adults showing bet- .. | p ter performance in control ing cervical spine movement, while no statistical y significant differences were found between the groups for the variable O in all three levels of difficulty. ehabilitacija . Discussion and conclusions: The results of the study indicate that older adults show al-n r tered movement control of the cervical spine compared to adults. Considering the important role of the cervical spine for different sensorimotor functions, alterations in kinaesthetic awareness could lead to less efficient movement and balance control, preventiva i and possibly to increased risk of fal s in older adults. Therefore, future research should study the effects of cervical spine kinaesthetic training on different sensorimotor functions in older adults. Keywords: cervical spine, kinaesthesia, movement control, older adults 103 Vrednotenje mišično-skeletnih in srčno-dihalnih obremenitev med vadbo v vodi: pregled področja Manca Opara, Tamara Logar, Nejc Šarabon Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Priljubljenost vadbe v vodi se je v zadnjih dveh desetletjih znatno povečala zaradi pozitivnih lastnosti vodnega okolja kot sta sila vzgona, ki olajša izvajanje vaj in sila upora, ki jo lahko izkoristimo za krepitev mišic ter večjo porabo energije. Za učinkovito izkoriščanje prednosti vodnega okolja je ključno poznavanje mišično-skeletnih (MSO) in srčno-dihalnih obremenitev (SDO), ki jim je telo podvrženo v vodi. Namen tega prispevka je bil sistematično pregledati članke, ki so merili MSO ali SDO med vadbo v vo-di oziroma med potopitvijo v vodo. Metode: Iskanje člankov je potekalo v podatkovni bazi PubMed. V prvi fazi pregleda smo zbrali članke, ki so merili MSO ali SDO med potopitvijo telesa ali vadbo v vodi. Glede na proučevane mere izida smo članke razdelili v pet kategorij: 1) Merjenje sil; 2) Analiza gibanja; 3) Srčno-dihalne meritve; 4) Merjenje mišične aktivnosti; 5) Druge meritve MSO ali SDO. Naredili smo podrobnejši pregled nad značilnostmi raziskav, ki so merile sile reakcije podlage (SRP), mišično aktivnost (MA) in SDO med vadbo v dults vodi. lder a Rezultati: Našli smo 247 ustreznih člankov. V podrobnejši pregled smo vključili 118 člankov, od tega jih je 18 proučevalo SRP, 61 SDO in 39 MA med vadbo v vodi. Razi-nd o skave ugotavljajo, da je SRP med vadbo v vodi manjša v primerjavi s SRP med vadbo ge a na kopnem. S povečanjem potopitve telesa se SRP zmanjšuje, medtem ko se poveču-je pri izvajanju vaj z višjo kadenco oziroma hitrostjo gibanja. Večina raziskav ugotavlja rking-ao podoben srčni utrip, porabo kisika in zaznano stopnjo napora med vadbo v vodi in na f w suhem. Avtorji raziskav opažajo tudi, da so SDO med vadbo v vodi in na suhem primerljive pri manjših hitrostih gibanja in postanejo večje na suhem pri večjih hitrostih gibanja. Večina raziskav ugotavlja, da je MA med vadbo v vodi nižja v primerjavi z vad-ealth o bo na suhem. Zasledimo lahko tudi, da so rezultati primerjav MA med vadbo v vodi in vadbo na suhem odvisni od hitrosti gibanja in merjene mišice. draslih | h Razprava in zaključki: Ugotavljamo, da na vseh obravnavanih področjih (SRP, MA in SDO) obstaja potreba po dodatnih raziskovalnih ali preglednih člankih, ki bi prispevali k oblikovanju z dokazi podprte prakse vadbe v vodi. tarejših on s Ključne besede: vadba v vodi, mišično-skeletne obremenitve, srčno-dihalne obremenitve, sila reakcije podlage, mišična aktivnost ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 104 Assessment of musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory loads during water exercise: an overview of the field Manca Opara, Tamara Logar, Nejc Šarabon University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The popularity of exercising in water has increased significantly over the last two decades due to the positive properties of the aquatic environment, such as the buoyancy force, which makes exercises easier to perform, and the drag force, which can be used to strengthen muscles and increase energy expenditure. To effectively exploit the benefits of the aquatic environment, it is essential to be aware of the musculoskeletal (MSL) and cardiorespiratory (CRL) loads to which the body is exposed in water. The aim of this paper was to systematical y review articles that measured MSL or CRL during exercise or immersion in water. Methods: The articles were searched in the PubMed database. In the first phase of the review, we col ected articles that measured MSL or CRL during body immersion or water exercise. According to the outcome measures studied, we divided the articles into five categories: 1) Force measurements; 2) Movement analysis; 3) Cardiorespira- . tory measurements; 4) Muscle activity measurements; 5) Other MSL or CRL measu-n . rements. We conducted a more detailed review of the characteristics of the studies that measured ground reaction forces (GRF), muscle activity (MA) and CRL during water exercise. ehabilitatio Results: We found 247 relevant articles. We included 118 articles in a more detailed nd r review, of which 18 examined GRF, 61 examined CRL, and 39 examined MA during n a aquatic exercise. The studies concluded that GRF is lower during exercise in water than during exercise on land. GRF decreases as the body becomes more immersed, whereas it increases during exercise with higher cadence or speed of movement. Most reventio studies found a similar heart rate, oxygen consumption and perceived exertion during .. | p exercise in water and on land. The authors also note that CRLs are comparable for exercise in water and on dry land at lower exercise speeds and increase at higher exercise speeds on dry land. Most studies found that MA is lower during exercise in water ehabilitacija . than on land. It is also apparent that the results of MA comparisons between water n r and dry exercises depend on the speed of the movement and the muscle measured. Discussion and conclusions: We conclude that there is a need for additional research or review articles in all areas examined (GRF, MA and CRL) to contribute to the develop-preventiva i ment of evidence-based practice for aquatic exercise. Keywords: water exercise, musculoskeletal loads, cardiorespiratory loads, ground reaction force, muscle activity 105 Pomen rehabilitacije za kakovost življenja žensk po rupturi presredka 3. stopnje med porodom: kvalitativna deskriptivna raziskava Mojca Rostohar1,2, Dorjana Zerbo Šporin2, Darija Šćepanović1, Mirko Prosen2 1 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ginekološka klinika, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Ena najpogostejših poškodb vaginalnega poroda je poškodba presredka. Huj- še poškodbe presredka definiramo kot poškodbe presredka 3. in 4. stopnje. V razvi-tih državah se le te pojavljajo med 0,5–5 %, po podatkih slovenskih raziskav pa je pojavnost v Sloveniji med 0,1–0,8 %. Najpogostejše posledice poškodbe presredka 3. in 4. stopnje so težave z inkontinenco (fekalna inkontinenca, inkontinenca vetrov, urin-ska inkontinenca) ter bolečina v predelu rane oz. kasneje brazgotine ter presredka samega, kot tudi bolečina v predelu medeničnega dna pri vsakodnevni aktivnostih in/ali spolnih odnosih, kar lahko močno vpliva na kakovost življenja žensk takoj po porodu in kasneje. Namen naše raziskave je bil proučiti doživljanje rehabilitacije oziroma fizioterapevtske obravnave ter vpliv le te na spremembo kakovosti življenja po poškodbi presredka 3. stopnje. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna deskriptivna metoda. Podatki so bili zbrani z dults delno strukturiranimi, individualnimi intervjuji. Namenski vzorec vključuje 11 žensk, ki so med vaginalnim porodom utrpele rupturo presredka 3. stopnje, kar je navedeno v lder a odpustnici porodnišnice ali je bilo ugotovljeno z endoanalnim ultrazvokom. Podatki so nd o bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. ge a Rezultati: Na podlagi poročanja o izkušnjah fizioterapevtske obravnave smo zaznali, da ženske pred prvo fizioterapevtsko obravnavo pogosto niso vedele, kaj od nje rking-ao lahko pričakujejo. Nekatere so izrazile občutke strahu in napetosti, predvsem zara-f w di skrbi glede morebitne bolečine med pregledom v predelu brazgotine. Večina udeleženk je opisala, da so na prvi fizioterapevtski obravnavi prejele obsežne informacije in se počutile, kot da so bile prvič res slišane. Kljub temu je večina žensk doživljala za-ealth o držanost pri razkrivanju vseh simptomov, zlasti težav z uhajanjem blata in vetrov ter bolečine med spolnimi odnosi, nekatere pa so o teh težavah spregovorile šele v poznejših fazah obravnave. Štiri pacientke so bile pozitivno presenečene nad celostnim draslih | h pristopom. Tri pa so poudarile, da jih je zmotila odsotnost dosledne prisotnosti iste osebe (fizioterapevta) med različnimi obravnavami, predvsem zaradi različnih pristo-tarejših o pov. Kljub temu so pohvalile zagotavljanje intimnosti med terapijami. Vse udeleženke n s so poročale o opaznem izboljšanju simptomov po zaključeni fizioterapevtski obravnavi, kar je imelo posledično pozitiven vpliv na njihovo kakovost življenja, vključno z vr-nitvijo k vsakodnevnim telesnim aktivnostim, kot so tek, skakanje in plavanje, ter tu-ktivnih i di izboljšanjem odnosa s partnerjem, predvsem na področju spolnosti. Na koncu so izpostavile, da bi morala biti ozaveščenost žensk o tovrstnih poškodbah in možnostih elovno a rehabilitacije večja. Razprava in zaključki: Vloga fizioterapevta pri celostni obravnavi žensk po porodu z zdravje d rupturo presredka 3. stopnje je zelo pomembna, S fizioterapevtsko obravnavo žensk po taki poškodbi med porodom ne le omogočajo obnovo funkcionalnosti, temveč tu-di izboljšujejo kakovost življenja pacientk. Hkrati izpostavljamo pomen nadaljnjih raziskav in sodelovanja med strokovnjaki za nenehno izboljšanje pristopov k tej pomembni zdravstveni problematiki. Ključne besede porod, ruptura presredka, kakovost življenja, zdravje žensk 106 The Importance of Rehabilitation for the Quality of Life of Women After a Third-Degree Perineal Tear During Childbirth: A Qualitative Descriptive Study Mojca Rostohar1,2, Dorjana Zerbo Šporin2, Darija Šćepanović1, Mirko Prosen2 1 University Medical Center Ljubljana, The Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: One of the most common injuries during vaginal childbirth is perineal trauma. Severe perineal injuries are classified as third- and fourth-degree tears. In developed countries, the incidence of these injuries ranges from 0.5% to 5%, while Slovenian studies report an incidence of 0.1% to 0.8%. The most common consequences of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears include issues with incontinence (fecal incontinence, flatulence incontinence, urinary incontinence), pain in the wound or scar area, and perineal pain. Additional y, there is often pain in the pelvic floor region during daily activities and/or sexual intercourse, which can significantly affect women‘s quality of life immediately postpartum and later. The aim of our study was to investigate the ex- . perience of rehabilitation or physiotherapy treatment and its impact on the quality of n . life after a third-degree perineal tear. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. Data were col ected through semi-structured individual interviews. A purposive sample included 11 women who ehabilitatio sustained a third-degree perineal tear during vaginal childbirth, as noted in the hos-nd r pital discharge summary or confirmed by endoanal ultrasound. Data were analyzed n a using content analysis. Results: Based on reports of their physiotherapy experiences, we found that women often did not know what to expect from their first physiotherapy session. Some ex-reventio pressed feelings of fear and tension, mainly due to concerns about potential pain du- .. | p ring the examination of the scar area. Most participants described receiving extensive information during their first session and felt truly heard for the first time. However, many women were hesitant to disclose all their symptoms, particularly issues with fe-ehabilitacija . cal incontinence, flatulence, and pain during sexual intercourse, with some only discus-n r sing these issues in later sessions. Four patients were positively surprised by the holistic approach, while three were bothered by the lack of consistent presence of the same therapist across different sessions, mainly due to varying approaches. Despite this, they appreciated the maintenance of intimacy during therapies. All partici-preventiva i pants reported noticeable improvement in symptoms after completing physiotherapy, which had a positive impact on their quality of life. This included a return to daily physical activities such as running, jumping, and swimming, as well as improved relationships with their partners, especial y in terms of sexual health. They emphasized that awareness of such injuries and rehabilitation options should be greater. Discussion: The role of the physiotherapist in the comprehensive treatment of women after childbirth with a third-degree perineal tear is very important. Physiotherapy not only restores functionality but also improves the quality of life of patients. We also highlight the importance of further research and col aboration among professionals to continuously improve approaches to this significant health issue. Keywords: childbirth, perineal tears, quality of life, women‘s health 107 Učinkovitost vadbe pilates na kvaliteto življenja pri starejši ženski populaciji Iva Weingerl, Žiga Kozinc, Dorjana Zerbo Šporin Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Svetovne demografske spremembe, ki smo jim priča v zadnjem času kažejo stalno povečevanje deleža starejše odrasle populacije. Ta demografski razvoj ima močan družbeni, politični in gospodarski vpliv in je pokazatelj družbene transformacije 21. stoletja. Demografske spremembe postavljajo v ospredje nujnost spodbujanja zdravega staranja in ukrepov za izboljšanja kakovosti življenja starejših odraslih. Ženske v poznejšem odraslem obdobju se pogosto srečujejo z edinstvenimi izzivi, povezanimi tako s telesno pripravljenostjo in tudi duševnim zdravjem. Fizična aktivnost lahko pomaga zmanjšati hitrost upada v psihofizičnem počutju, povečati in/ali ohraniti funkcionalno zmogljivost in izboljšati fizične zmogljivosti (npr. moč, ravnotežje in prožnost) tudi v visoki starosti. Iz tega vidika lahko telesna dejavnost predstavlja enega ključnih dejavnikov za ohranjanje in izboljšanje splošnega zdravja pri starejših odraslih, saj lahko zmanjša neposredni vpliv kronološke starosti na zmanjšanje biopsihosocialnih funkcij, povezane s staranjem. Med široko paleto načinov vadbe dobiva pilates čedalje več po-dults zornosti zaradi svojega celostnega pristopa k telesni pripravljenosti, ki poudarja moč trupa, prožnost, držo in povezavo med umom in telesom. lder a Metode: Ta prispevek je vključeval pregled literature v več bazah člankov (PubMed, nd o Web of Science and Scopus) v novembru 2023. Uporabili smo ključne besede za is-ge a kanje: (Pilates AND (elderly women OR older women). Po izločitvi podvojenih vno-sov smo avtorji posamično pregledali naslove in povzetke na podlagi vnaprej določenih rking-a vključitvenih kriterijev. 24 člankov, ki so izpolnjevali omenjene kriterije, je bilo pregle-o danih v celoti in so bili vključeni v ta pregled. f w Rezultati: Učinke vadbe pilatesa smo razdelili na 5 kategorij ravnotežje in rizik padca, emocionalno in mentalno zdravje, metabolni parametri, kognitivne funkcije in kvalite-ealth o ta življenja. Študije so večinoma pokazale izboljšanje ravnotežja in zmanjšano tveganje padca pri starejših odraslih ženskah z obravnavanjem moči jedra, stabilnosti in koordi-nacije. Pilates pomaga krepiti tudi mišice, ki igrajo ključno vlogo pri ravnotežju. To lah-draslih | h ko privede do večjega občutka zavedanja in nadzora telesa, kar na koncu izboljša ravnotežje tako pri dnevnih aktivnostih kot pri športni uspešnosti. Redna vadba pilatesa tarejših o lahko pomaga tudi pri preprečevanju padcev, zlasti pri starejših odraslih, saj izboljša n s stabilnost in zmanjša tveganje za poškodbe. Razprava in zaključki: Odrasle starejše ženske se soočajo z raznolikimi fiziološkimi ktivnih i spremembami, kot so izguba mišic, zmanjšana kostna gostota, zmanjšana prožnost in slabše ravnotežje, kar lahko vse prispeva k povečanemu tveganju padcev, zlomov in funkcij. Pilates, ki se osredotoča na nadzorovane gibe, dihanje in poravnavo, predsta-elovno a vlja možnost vadbe nizke intenzitete, ki lahko pomaga pri učinkovitejšemu soočanju z izzivi, povezanih s starostjo, ter prinaša izboljšano telesno in duševno počutje. Študi-zdravje d je jasno kažejo, da je vadba pilatesa prispevala k izboljšavam na številnih področjih, ki vplivajo na kakovost življenja starejših odraslih žensk, kot so kakovost spanja, tesnoba, depresija in utrujenost, ravni hormonov, kardio-respiratorna kondicija in psihološko stanje ter preprečevanje padcev in funkcionalno ravnovesje. Ključne besede: odrasle starejše ženske, pilates, vadbena intervencija, biopsihosocial-ne funkcije starejših 108 Effectiveness of Pilates Exercise on Quality of Life in Older Adult Women Iva Weingerl, Žiga Kozinc, Dorjana Zerbo Šporin University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The global demographic landscape is undergoing a significant transformation characterized by a steady increase in the proportion of older adult individuals. This demographic evolution has a strong social, political, and economic impact and is an indicator of the social transformation of the 21st century. This demographic shift brings to the forefront the imperative of promoting healthy aging and enhancing the quality of life for older adults. Women often face unique challenges related to physical fitness and mental wel -being during later years. Physical activity may help reduce the speed of this decline, raising or maintaining the intrinsic and functional capacity by improving physical capacities (e.g., strength, balance, and flexibility) also with advanced age. In this context, physical activity can represent one of the pivotal factors for maintaining and improving overall health in the older adults as it may minimize the direct influence of chronological age on the loss of bio-psychosocial function associated with . ageing. Among the diverse array of exercise modalities available, Pilates has received n . increasing attention for its holistic approach to fitness, emphasizing core strength, flexibility, posture, and mind-body connection. Methods: This article is a literature review where multiple databases of scientific liter-ehabilitatio ature (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched in November 2023 with-nd r out regard to the date of publication. We used the fol owing combination of search n a key words: (Pilates AND (elderly women OR older women)). Upon eliminating dupli-cate entries, the authors individual y screened titles and abstracts based on pre-established eligibility criteria. 24 articles that satisfied these criteria underwent ful -text ex-reventio amination and were included in this paper. .. | p Results: We divided the effects of Pilates into 5 categories: balance and fall risk, emotional and mental health, metabolic parameters, cognitive functions and quality of life. Studies have mostly shown improvement in balance and reduced fall risk in older ehabilitacija . adult women by addressing core strength, stability, and coordination. Pilates also helps n r strengthen the muscles that play a key role in balance. This can lead to a greater sense of body awareness and control, which ultimately improves balance in both daily activities and athletic performance. Regular practice of Pilates in older adult women can al-so help to prevent fal s by improving stability and reducing the risk of injury. preventiva i Discussion and conclusion: As women age, they are confronted with physiological changes such as muscle loss, decreased bone density, reduced flexibility, and compromised balance, all of which can contribute to an increased risk of fal s, fractures, and functional. Pilates, with its focus on control ed movements, breathwork, and alignment, presents a low-impact exercise option that can help address these age-related challenges and brings an improved physical and mental wel -being in older adult women. Pilates exercise programs have shown to bring improvements in many areas that affect the quality of life in older adult women, such as sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue, in hormone levels, cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological function, in fall prevention and functional balance. Regular practice of Pilates in older adult women can also help to prevent fal s by improving stability and reducing the risk of injury. In regards to the current and future demographic changes, the benefits of Pilates for older adult women still remains an area of research interest and clinical relevance. Keywords: older adult women, pilates, exercise intervention, biopsychosocial functions in elderly 109 Obravnavanje izzivov starajočega se prebivalstva: vpogled v program vadbe Okoljski dejavniki Mateja Znika1, Ivana Živoder 1, Vesna Brumnić2 1Department of Physiotherapy, University Center Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Hrvaška 2University of Applied Sciences “Lavoslav Ružička” in Vukovar, Hrvaška Uvod: Do leta 2060 bo povprečna starost državljana Evropske unije dosegla 47,2 le-ta, pri čemer bodo posamezniki stari 65 let in več predstavljali skoraj 30 % prebivalstva, kar bo znatno povečanje v primerjavi s 16 %, zabeleženimi leta 2010. Pričakuje se, da bo trend, ki ga poganja padajoča stopnja rodnosti dodatno zmanjšal delež delovno sposobnega prebivalstva, kar bo povzročilo nadaljnjo rast prebivalstva starega 65 let in več, potencialno za do dva milijona letno. Za ustrezno obravnavo potreb starajočega se prebivalstva v urbanih okoljih je nujno razumevanje prevladujočih metod širjenja informacij in obiskovanja vadbenih programov. Okoljski dejavniki, ki so v raziskavah pogosto spregledani, pomembno vplivajo na kakovost življenja in zdravje posameznika. Medtem ko lahko nekateri okoljski dejavniki ovirajo udeležbo starejših odraslih v programih vadbe, na primer težaven teren ali težave s prevozom, lahko drugi to dults olajšajo, na primer bližina prizorišč dejavnosti, dostopna počivališča ob poti, razpolo- žljivost javnega prevoza in učinkovito razširjanje informacij. o razpoložljivih programih. lder a Metode: Presečna študija, izvedena od novembra 2018 do marca 2019, je zajela 200 nd o posameznikov, starih 65 let in več, ki so sodelovali v brezplačnih programih vadbe. Ve-ge a čina je bila žensk (190), moških le 10. V raziskavi je bil uporabljen splošni vprašalnik, ki temelji na ‘Vprašalniku za starejše’ in ga je razvil Gerontološki center Zavoda za javno rking-a zdravstvo Grada Zagreba. Vprašalnik je sestavljen iz treh sklopov vprašanj: splošni del, o zdravje in zdravstveno stanje ter kakovost življenja. f w Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da je večina sodelujočih (74,0 %) o vadbenih programih izvedela preko osebnih poznanstev ali stikov preko društev upokojencev ali med ealth o predprijavami v domove za upokojence. Le majhen odstotek vzorca (4,5 %) je izvedel za programe prek interneta, kar poudarja omejeno internetno pismenost med udeleženci programa. Dostopnost lokacij programa je pomembno vplivala na udeležbo, draslih | h saj je 83,0 % udeležencev prišlo peš, kljub temu, da je javni prevoz uporabljalo le 10,0 % udeležencev. tarejših o Razprava in zaključek: Neposredni osebni stik ostaja najučinkovitejši način širjenja in-n s formacij med starejšimi odraslimi. Dostopnost se je izkazala kot ključni dejavnik pri oblikovanju programa za spodbujanje udeležbe v dejavnostih, ki spodbujajo zdravje, ktivnih i kot je vadba. Fizioterapevti in drugi zdravstveni delavci se soočajo z novimi izzivi zaradi povečanih zahtev in stroškov, povezanih z oskrbo starejših. Za vključitev večjega števila starejših v vadbene programe so nujni lahko dostopni programi znotraj lokalne sku-elovno a pnosti z jasnim informiranjem. Ključne besede: oskrba starejših, vadbeni programi, dostopnost, fizioterapija zdravje d 110 Addressing the Challenges of Aging Populations: Insights from Exercise Program Environmental Factors Mateja Znika1, Ivana Živoder 1, Vesna Brumnić2 1Department of Physiotherapy, University Center Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia 2University of Applied Sciences “Lavoslav Ružička” in Vukovar, Croatia Introduction: By the year 2060, the average age of a citizen in the European Union wil reach 47.2 years, with individuals aged 65 and older constituting nearly 30% of the population, a significant increase from the 16% recorded in 2010. Continuation of this trend, driven by declining birth rates, is expected to further reduce the proportion of the working-age population, leading to a continued rise in the population aged 65 and above, potential y by up to two mil ion annual y. To adequately address the needs of the aging population in urban settings, it is imperative to understand the prevailing methods of information dissemination and attendance at exercise programs. Environmental factors, often overlooked in research, significantly impact individual’s quality of life and health. While some environmental factors may hinder older adult’s participa- . tion in exercise programs, such as difficult terrain or transportation issues, others can n . facilitate it, such as proximity to activity venues, accessible rest areas along the way, availability of public transportation, and effective distribution of information about available programs. ehabilitatio Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 nd r included 200 individuals aged 65 and older participating in free exercise programs. The n a majority were female (190), with only 10 males. A general questionnaire based on the ‘Questionnaire for Elderly Persons,’ developed by the Center of Gerontology, Public Health Institute of the City of Zagreb, and consists of three sets of questions: general reventio section, health and health status, and quality of life., administered in a traditional pen- .. | p and-paper format, was utilized for data col ection. Results: The study revealed that most participants (74,0%) learned about exercise programs through personal acquaintances or contacts via retirement associations or dur-ehabilitacija . ing pre-registration for retirement homes. Only a small percentage (4.5%) learned n r about the programs through the internet, highlighting the limited internet literacy among program participants. Accessibility of program locations significantly influenced participation, with 83.0% of participants arriving on foot, despite the availability of public transportation used by only 10.0% of participants. preventiva i Discussion and Conclusion: Direct personal contact remains the most effective means of information dissemination among older adults. Accessibility emerged as a critical factor in program design to promote participation in health-promoting activities like exercise. Physiotherapists as well as other health professionals face new chal enges due to increased demands and costs associated with providing care to the elderly. To engage a larger number of older adults in exercise programs, easily accessible programs within the local community, with clear information dissemination, are essential. Keywords: elderly care, exercise programs, accessibility, physiotherapy 111 Sekcija/Section Problemi, izzivi in priložnosti na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Concerns, challenges and opportunities in the health of working-age and older adults Vabljeno predavanje Težave, izzivi in priložnosti na področju zdravja starejših delavcev Dani Mirnik ZVD, Zavod za varstvo pri delu, Center za medicino dela, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Zdravje delovno aktivnih starejših odraslih predstavlja eno ključ- nih področij javnega zdravja, ki zahteva celosten in interdisciplinaren pristop. Zaradi demografskih sprememb in staranja prebivalstva postaja nujno oblikovanje strategij za zagotavljanje kakovostnega in zdravega staranja. V tem povzetku bomo obravnava-li ključne težave, izzive in priložnosti na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih starejših delavcev z namenom izboljšanja njihovega zdravstvenega stanja, ohranjanja delazmožnosti in kakovosti življenja. Predstavitev vsebine: S starostjo narašča incidenca različnih bolezni, kar rezultira v viš- jem bolniškem staležu, invalidnosti in ostalih težavah, ki so posredno vezane na delazmožnost (produktivnost, splošno počutje, itd.). Med delovno aktivno starejšo populacijo so pogostejše kronične bolezni, kot so kardiovaskularne bolezni, diabetes in dults bolezni dihal, kostno-mišične bolezni, duševne motnje, kot depresija, anksioznost in druge ter bolniški stalež. Te bolezni ne vplivajo le na posameznikovo zdravje, temveč lder a imajo tudi široke ekonomske posledice, vključno z višjimi stroški zdravstvene oskrbe nd o in zmanjšano produktivnostjo. Pomanjkanje znanja o zdravem načinu življenja in ob-ge a vladovanju kroničnih bolezni je bolj pogosto med delovno aktivnimi starejšimi odraslimi kot med mlajšimi generacijami. Izobraževalni programi, prilagojeni tej populaci-rking-a ji, so ključni za izboljšanje njihovega zdravja. V Sloveniji imajo načeloma vsi zaposleni o dostop do storitev medicine dela. Razvoj telemedicine in drugih digitalnih zdravstve-f w nih rešitev ponuja priložnosti za boljši dostop in izkoristek do zdravstvene oskrbe. Te tehnologije lahko omogočijo boljše spremljanje kazalnikov zdravja delavcev in poma-ealth o gajo pri oblikovanju ustreznih strategij ter razvoj strok za ustrezne multidisciplinarne | h pristope. Pomemben aspekt je ustrezna promocija zdravja pri delu, saj vlaganje v preventivne programe, kot so ustrezni zdravstveni pregledi in promocija zdravega življenj-draslih skega sloga lahko znatno zmanjša breme kroničnih bolezni, izboljša kakovost življenja in ohranja delazmožnost. tarejših o Sklepne ugotovitve: Obravnava zdravstvene politike starejših zaposlenih zahteva celo-n s sten pristop. Oblikovanje politik, ki podpirajo zdravo staranje in vključevanje starejših v družbo, je ključnega pomena. To vključuje prilagajanje delovnih mest potrebam starejših delavcev, zagotavljanje dostopnih zdravstvenih storitev in spodbujanje aktivne-ktivnih i ga staranja. Zavedanje o pomembnosti teh vidikov in njihovo vključevanje v strategije javnega zdravja lahko prispeva k bolj zdravi in vključujoči družbi, ki bo omogočala ka-elovno a kovostno staranje za vse. Ključne besede: promocija zdravja, aktivno staranje, starejši odrasli zdravje d 114 Invited lecture Problems, challenges and opportunities in the field of older workers’ health Dani Mirnik Institute of Occupational Safety Ltd., Center for Occupational Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia Background and purpose: The health of older workers is one of the key areas of public health that requires an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. Due to demographic changes and the ageing of the population, it is necessary to develop strategies to ensure quality and healthy ageing. In this summary, we will discuss the main problems, chal enges and opportunities in the field of older workers’ health with the aim of improving their health, maintaining their ability to work and improving their quality of life. Content presentation: The incidence of various diseases increases with age, resulting in a higher number of patients, disabilities and other problems that are indirectly related to the ability to work (productivity, general wel -being, etc.). Among the working old- . er population, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders such as depression, anxi-ealth . ety and others, as well as the sick population are more prevalent. These diseases not he h only affect the health of individuals, but also have far-reaching economic consequenc-n t es, including higher healthcare costs and lower productivity. Lack of knowledge about healthy lifestyles and chronic disease management is more prevalent among working older adults than among younger generations. Educational programmes tailored rtunities i to this population group are key to improving their health. In Slovenia, in principle, al ppo employees have access to occupational health services. The development of telemed-nd o icine and other digital health solutions offers opportunities for better access and utilisation of healthcare. These technologies can enable better monitoring of workers’ health indicators and help in the formulation of appropriate strategies and the development of expertise for appropriate multidisciplinary approaches. An important as-hallenges a pect is the appropriate promotion of health in the workplace, as investment in prevention programmes such as appropriate medical check-ups and the promotion of healthy ncerns, c lifestyles can significantly reduce the burden of chronic disease, improve quality of life o and maintain employability. .. | c Conclusions: Dealing with health policies for older workers requires a holistic approach. Designing policies that support healthy ageing and the inclusion of older people in soci-dravja . ety is crucial. This includes adapting the workplace to the needs of older workers, pro- čju z viding accessible health services and promoting active ageing. Awareness of the impor-dro tance of these aspects and their inclusion in public health strategies can contribute to o a healthier and more inclusive society that enables quality ageing for al . a p sti n Keywords: health promotion, active aging, older adults riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 115 Neadherenca za zdravila pri starejših odraslih v domačem okolju ter ukrepi medicinske sestre Ester Benko, Helena Skočir, Melita Peršolja Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Populacija v svetu se stara, narašča število odkritih kroničnih obolenj in posledič- no število zdravil, ki jih posameznik prejema. Neadherenca za zdravila pri starejših, ki živijo v domačem okolju, je v literaturi šibko opisana. Namen prispevka je opisati nead-herenco za zdravila ter ugotoviti intervencije, s katerimi medicinska sestra lahko prepreči ali pa ustavi ta pojav pri starejših odraslih, ki živijo doma. Metode: Izveden je bil pregled domače in tuje znanstvene literature v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, PubMed, Medline in ScienceDirect s sledečimi iskalnimi pojmi: adherenca, starejši odrasli, domače okolje, medication adherence, medication compliance, home environment, aged. Iskanje ni bilo omejeno s tipom raziskave, sledili smo recen-ziranim objavam od leta 2014 do 2024. Postopek iskanja, pregleda in izbire člankov je bil izveden s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Izvedli smo kritično oceno člankov in vsebinsko analizo podatkov. dults Rezultati: Od začetnih 462 smo v končno analizo vključili 18 člankov. Ugotovili smo, da neadherenca za zdravila izhaja iz dejavnikov, vezanih na pacienta, na zdravila ali na lder a zdravstveni sistem. Na podlagi vzrokov medicinska sestra izvaja kombiniran pristop obravnave neadherence za zdravila z aktivno vključitvijo pacienta (starejšega odrasle-nd o ga) v obravnavo na področju znanja in prepričanj, komunikacije in motiviranja, prila-ge a gajanja terapevtskega režima, uporabe različnih pripomočkov, opomnikov in pomoči svojcev, prijateljev ter socialno varstvenega sistema. rking-ao Razprava in zaključki: Zdravstveni delavci morajo prepoznati možnost neadherence za f w zdravila pri starejšemu pacientu in prilagoditi navodila ter ukrepe njegovemu znanju, prepričanjem in kulturnemu okolju. Obstaja širok nabor ukrepov, ki se jih medicinske ealth o sestre lahko poslužijo s ciljem zmanjšanja neadherence za zdravila pri starejših odraslih, ki živijo doma. Ob trendu polimorbidnosti in s tem polifarmacije bi lahko s kombinacijo ukrepov (kot so motiviranje, poučevanje, podporen odnos in individualizirano draslih | h spremljanje) ter z izbiro ustreznih pripomočkov pomembno prispevali k zmanjševanju neadherence in s tem k boljšim izidom zdravljenja. Ključne besede: adherenca; domače okolje; starejši odrasli; zdravstvena nega, inter-tarejših on s vencije ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 116 Medication non-adherence in older adults in the home environment and nurse interventions Ester Benko, Helena Skočir, Melita Peršolja University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The world’s population is ageing; the number of chronic diseases being diagnosed is increasing and the number of medicines being administered is rising. Medication non-adherence in older adults living in the home environment is poorly described in the literature. The aim of this paper is to describe medication non-adherence and to identify interventions that nurses can use to prevent or stop this phenomenon in older adults living at home. Methods: A review of domestic and foreign scientific literature was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, Medline and ScienceDirect databases using the fol owing search terms: adherence, older adults, home environment, medication adherence, medication compliance, home environment, aged. The search was not limited by the type of study, and peer-reviewed publications from 2014 to 2024 were tracked. The process of searching, screening and selecting articles was performed using the PRISMA flow- . chart. We performed a critical appraisal of the articles and content analysis of the da-ta. ealth . Results: We found that medication non-adherence was due to patient-related, drug-re-he h lated or health system-related factors. Based on the causes, the nurse implements a n t combined approach to the management of medication non-adherence by actively involving the patient (older adult) in the management in the areas of knowledge and beliefs, communication and motivation, adjustment of the therapeutic regimen, use of dif-rtunities i ferent aids, reminders and help from family, friends and the social care system. ppo Discussion and conclusions: Healthcare professionals need to recognize the possibil-nd o ity of medication non-adherence in the older patient and tailor instructions and interventions to the patient’s knowledge, beliefs and cultural background. There is a wide range of interventions that nurses can use with the aim of reducing medication hallenges a non-adherence in older people living at home. With the trend towards polymorbidity and thus polypharmacy, a combination of activities (such as motivation, teaching, supportive attitudes and individualized monitoring) and the choice of appropriate devices ncerns, co could make an important contribution to reduce medication non-adherence and thus .. | c to improve treatment outcomes. Keywords: medication adherence; home environment; older adults; health care, inter-dravja . ventions čju z drooa p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 117 Obporodna zdravstvena oskrba: izkušnje žensk v Sloveniji in izbranih državah Evrope Anja Bohinec, Zalka Drglin Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Izkušnje žensk z oskrbo v porodnišnici so izjemnega pomena, saj jih te lahko opolnomočijo ali pa povzročijo škodo, negativno ali travmatično izkušnjo, zato so prizadevanja za kakovostno, spoštljivo in na dokazih utemeljeno obporodno oskrbo zelo pomembna. Mednarodna raziskava IMAgiNE EURO se posveča kakovosti oskrbe mater in novorojenčkov v porodnišnicah. Predstavljamo in primerjamo rezultate izbranih evropskih držav presečne študije IMAgiNE EURO, ki raziskuje izkušnje žensk z obporodno oskrbo v porodnišnicah. Metode: Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo strukturiranega spletnega vprašalnika, ki temelji na 40 kazalnikih kakovosti na podlagi dokumenta Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije - Standardi za izboljšanje kakovosti oskrbe mater in novorojenčkov v zdravstvenih ustanovah, 2016. Vprašalnik zajema 4 kategorije: zagotavljanje oskrbe, izkušnje z oskrbo, razpoložljivost človeških in drugih virov; dodatno področje vključuje ključne organizacijske spremembe med pandemijo covida-19. Vsaka kategorija zajema 10 kazalnikov kakovo-dults sti, ki sestavljajo skupen kazalnik kakovosti obporodne oskrbe mater in novorojenč- kov – Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care Index (QMNC), katerega najvišja vre-lder a dnost je 400 točk. Predstavljamo poročanja žensk iz 12 evropskih držav, ki so rodile od nd o 1.3.2020 do 15.3.2021, s poudarkom na izkušnjah slovenskih porodnic. Slovenski vzo-ge a rec zajema 2.092 žensk, skupni pa 21.027 žensk. Rezultati: Po skupnem kazalniku kakovosti se Slovenija s 320 točkami, med 12 sode-rking-ao lujočimi državami, uvršča na sredino. Najvišje število točk dosega Luksemburg - 355, f w najnižje pa Srbija - 205. Na nekaterih področjih obporodne oskrbe dosegamo dobre rezultate, na nekaterih področjih pa so potrebne izboljšave, predvsem v zvezi z avto-nomijo mater, spoštovanjem in čustveno ter praktično podporo. Pri nas več kot po-ealth o lovica (51,6 %) žensk poroča, da se med porodom niso mogle prosto gibati, na Nor-veškem je o tem poročalo le 7,9 % žensk. 61,6 % slovenskih porodnic poroča, da pri vaginalnem porodu niso imele proste izbire porodnega položaja, to poroča 32,4 % draslih | h žensk v Italiji. 29,8 % žensk, ki so rodile v Sloveniji, poroča, da niso prejele čustvene podpore; 30,6 % jih poroča, da niso bile vključene v odločitve, ki se tičejo njih sa-tarejših o mih. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na velike neenakosti v kakovosti obporodne oskrbe v n s evropski regiji Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije. Razprava in zaključki: Na posameznih področjih dosega Slovenija dobre rezultate, ka-ktivnih i že pa se tudi, da na nekaterih področjih obporodne oskrbe v porodnišnicah obstajajo pomanjkljivosti in možnosti za izboljšanje kakovosti. Te vrzeli je potrebno prepoznavati, obravnavati ter jih upoštevati; potrebne so ustrezne strategije za izboljšanje obpo-elovno a rodnega zdravstvenega varstva žensk in novorojenčkov. Z vidika zdravja in dobrobiti celotne populacije je naslavljanje kakovosti obporodne oskrbe pomembno, saj lahko zdravje d izkušnja poroda in rojstva bistveno zaznamuje posameznikovo življenje že na samem začetku (družinskega) življenja. Ključne besede: obporodna oskrba, porodnica, porodna izkušnja 118 Perinatal health care: women’s experiences in Slovenia and selected European countries Anja Bohinec, Zalka Drglin National Insitute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Women’s experiences of maternity care are of paramount importance, as they can empower them or cause harm, negative experiences or even trauma, therefore efforts to provide quality, respectful and evidence-based perinatal care are essential. The international IMAgiNE EURO survey focuses on the quality of maternal and newborn care in maternity hospitals. We present and compare the results from selected European countries of the cross-sectional IMAgiNE EURO study, which explores women’s experiences of perinatal care in maternity hospitals. Methods: Data were col ected using a structured online questionnaire based on 40 quality measures based on the World Health Organization’s document - Standards for Improving the Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care in Health Facilities, 2016. The questionnaire includes 4 categories: provision of care, experience of care, availability of human and other resources; an additional domain includes key organisational changes . during the covid-19 pandemic. Each category covers 10 quality indicators that make up an overall index of quality of perinatal care for mothers and newborns - Quality of Ma-ealth . ternal and Newborn Care Index (QMNC), which has a maximum value of 400 points. he h We present reports from women in 12 European countries who gave birth between n t 1 March 2020 and 15 March 2021, with a focus on the experiences of Slovenian women. The Slovenian sample includes 2.092 women and the total sample 21.027 women. Results: According to the Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care Index, Slovenia ranks rtunities i in the middle of the 12 participating countries with 320 points. The highest QMNC In-ppo dex is achieved by Luxembourg - 355, and the lowest by Serbia - 205. In some aspects nd o of perinatal care, we achieve good results, but in some aspects, improvements are needed, especial y in relation to mothers’ autonomy, respect, emotional and practical support. More than half (51.6%) of Slovenian women report that they could not move hallenges a freely during childbirth, in Norway, only 7.9% of women reported this. 61.6% of Slovenian women report that they did not have a free choice of birth position during vaginal birth, this is reported by 32.4% of women in Italy. 29.8% of women who gave birth ncerns, c in Slovenia report that they did not receive emotional support; 30.6% of them report o that they were not involved in decisions concerning themselves. Overal , the survey .. | c results indicate large inequalities in the quality of perinatal care in the European Region of the World Health Organization. dravja . Discussion and conclusion: Slovenia perform well in some areas, however there are de- čju z ficiencies and room for improvement in other areas of perinatal care in maternity hos-droo pitals. These gaps need to be recognised, monitored and addressed as well as approa p priate strategies need to be implemented to improve perinatal care for women and newborns. Addressing the quality of perinatal health care is important from the per-sti n spective of the health and wel -being of the population as a whole, as the experience of childbirth can have a significant impact on an individual’s life from the very begin-riložno ning of (family) life. n p Keywords: maternity care, woman giving birth, birth experience zzivi ii, i blem pro 119 Pljučna rehabilitacija v bolnišnici Sežana Vanja Debevec1, Anna Marija Tašev1, Nastja Podrekar Loredan1,2, Boris Devčič1, Marjan Koterle1 1 Bolnišnica za zdravljenje in rehabilitacijo kroničnih pljučnih bolnikov in podaljšano bolnišnično zdravljenje Sežana, Sežana, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Jamsko okolje predstavlja ekstremno okolje, na katerega se človek prilagodi v odvisnosti od številnih fizikalnih, kemijskih in antropoloških dejavnikov. Jamska mikroklima je, kot posebna in unikatna enota jamskega ekosistema, sistem, zgra-jen iz več posameznih parametrov z lastno biološko aktivnostjo. Vpliv jamskega okolja na človeka pa je odvisen od skupnega delovanje različnih dejavnikov. V svetu se jame najpogosteje uporabljajo v turistične namene. Vendar se jamsko okolje uporablja tudi v zdravstvene namene, kar imenujemo speleoterapija. Speleoterapija je posebna oblika klimatoterapije, pri kateri se s pomočjo jamske mikroklime zdravi kronične pljučne bolezni. Po podrobnih in ciljnih klimatoloških raziskavah se je v petdesetih letih prej- šnjega stoletja začelo dolgoročno spremljanje učinkovitosti speleoterapije v Evropi. V tem času so bili nosilci temeljnih raziskav geografi in geologi, zdravstveni podatki so le dults potrjevali izjemno dobre klinične rezultate. Številni viri potrjujejo, da se po terapiji v jamskem okolju izboljšajo pljučne funkcije, zmanjša se poraba zdravil, izboljša se splo-lder a šna fizična in psihična kondicija, okrepi se imunski sistem. Pozitiven učinek speleotera-nd o pije na pljučne bolnike je mogoče zaznati tudi po zaključenem ciklusu terapij, kar se ka- že v redkejših poslabšanjih bolezni. ge a Predstavitev vsebine: V Sežanski bolnišnici se pljučna rehabilitacija izvaja od leta 1991 rking-a in temelji na interdisciplinarnem delovanju tima zdravnika pulmologa, medicinske se-o stre, fizioterapevtke in dietetičarke. Z izvajanjem pljučne rehabilitacije v jami pride do f w izboljšanja stanja osnovne respiratorne bolezni, izboljšata se fizična zmogljivost posameznika ter kakovost življenja. Predstavljena bo izvedba programa pljučne rehabilita-ealth o cije v bolnišnici Sežana, z nekaterimi primerjavami zdravljenja astmatikov in bolnikov s kroničnim obstruktivnim bronhitisom v drugih centrih po Evropi. Podani bodo rezultati meritev pljučnih funkcij, šest minutnega testa hoje in ocena dispneje pred in po draslih | h programu rehabilitacije. Sklepne ugotovitve: Izboljšanje kakovosti življenje odraslih pljučnih bolnikov je nedvo-tarejših o mno pomembna komponenta trajnostnega razvoja družbe. Glede na koristi tovrstne n s pljučne rehabilitacije bi v prihodnosti bilo smiselno omogočiti tovrstno rehabilitacijo tudi mlajšim odraslim, ki so še delovno aktivni. ktivnih i Ključne besede: speleoterapija, jamska mikroklima, test hoje elovno a zdravje d 120 Pulmonary rehabilitation in Sežana hospital Vanja Debevec1, Anna Marija Tašev1, Nastja Podrekar Loredan1,2, Boris Devčič1, Marjan Koterle 1 Hospital for the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic lung diseases and extended hospital treatment in Sežana, Sežana, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Background and purpose: The cave environment is an extreme environment to which humans adapt depending on a number of physical, chemical and anthropological factors. The cave microclimate, as a specific and unique unit of the cave ecosystem, is a system consisting of several individual parameters with their own biological activity. The impact of the cave environment on humans depends on the combined effect of various factors. Caves are the most popular tourist attraction in the world. However, the cave environment is also used for health purposes, known as speleotherapy. Speleotherapy is a special form of climatotherapy in which the cave microclimate is used to treat chronic lung diseases. Fol owing detailed and targeted climatologi-cal studies, long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of speleotherapy began in Eu- . rope in the 1950s. At that time, it was mainly geographers and geologists who were at work, and medical data only confirmed the extremely good clinical results. Numerous ealth . sources confirm that after therapy in the cave environment, lung functions improve, the consumption of medication decreases, the general physical and mental condition he h n t improves and the immune system is strengthened. The positive effect of speleotherapy on lung patients can also be seen after a completed therapy cycle, which is reflected in fewer exacerbations of the disease. rtunities i Content presentation: Pulmonary rehabilitation has been carried out at Sežana Hospital ppo since 1991 and is based on the interdisciplinary work of a team consisting of a lung spend o cialist, nurse, physiotherapist and dietician. By carrying out pulmonary rehabilitation in the cave, the condition of the underlying respiratory disease improves, the physical performance of the individual and the quality of life are improved. The implementation of the pulmonary rehabilitation programme at Sežana Hospital is presented and some hallenges a comparisons are made with the treatment of asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in other centres in Europe. The results of pulmonary function ncerns, c measurements, a six-minute walk test and an assessment of dyspnoea before and af-o ter the rehabilitation programme are presented. .. | c Conclusions: Improving the quality of life of adult lung patients is undoubtedly an important part of the sustainable development of society. Given the benefits of this type of dravja . pulmonary rehabilitation, it would be useful to make such rehabilitation available in the čju z future to younger adults who are still in active working life. droo Keywords: speleotherapy, cave microclimate, walking test a p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 121 Kakovost delovnega okolja v povezavi z duševnim zdravjem zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi Mojca Dobnik1,2, Mateja Lorber2 1 Univerzitetni klinični center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenija 2 Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede, Maribor, Slovenija Uvod: Zdravstvena nega spada med poklice izpostavljene večjim obremenitvam in stresu na delovnem mestu. Posledice na duševnem zdravju postajajo vedno bolj izpostavljeno dejstvo, posebej zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil preu- čiti kakovost delovnega okolja in duševno zdravje med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativni metodologiji. Kot raziskovalni instrument je bil uporabljen preveden vprašalnik za oceno kakovosti delovnega okolja in du- ševnega zdravja. Raziskava je potekala med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi v slovenskih bolnišnicah. Podatki so se analizirali s pomočjo programa IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. Rezultati: Več kot polovica udeležencev je poročala, da redno ali pogosto doživljajo stres, četrtina pa jih je poročala, da ga doživljajo zelo pogosto. Po drugi strani pa je bi-la kakovost delovnega življenja v povprečju ocenjena zelo pozitivno, dobro pa je bilo dults tudi duševno zdravje zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi. Obstajajo razlike v kakovosti delovnega življenja in duševnem zdravju glede na spol, različne ravni podpore vodij in ob-lder a vladovanje stresa. Raziskava je pokazala, da podpora vodij, kakovost delovnega življenja in obvladovanje stresa vplivajo na duševno zdravje zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi. nd o ge a Razprava in zaključki: Delovne obremenitve lahko vodijo do večje stopnje nekakovo-stnega delovnega okolja in povečanega tveganja v povezavi z duševnim zdravjem. Zaposlene v zdravstveni negi je potrebno ozaveščati o pomenu duševnega zdravju zaradi rking-ao psihično in fizično pomembnih učinkov na zdravje posameznika. f w Ključne besede management; delovno mesto; dobro počutje ealth o draslih | h tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 122 The quality of the work environment in relation to the mental health of nursing employees Mojca Dobnik1,2, Mateja Lorber2 1 University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia Introduction: Nursing is one of the professions exposed to higher workloads and stress in the workplace. Mental health is becoming an increasingly exposed fact, especial y for those working in nursing during the epidemic. The purpose of the research was to study the quality of the working environment and examine mental health among nursing staff. Methods: The research was based on quantitative methodology. A translated questionnaire was used as a research instrument to assess the quality of the work environment and mental health. The research was conducted among nursing employees in Slovenian hospitals. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. Results: More than half of participants reported experiencing stress regularly or frequently, and a quarter reported experiencing it very frequently, participants. On the . other hand, on average, the quality of work life was assessed highly positively, and also the mental health of employees in nursing was good. There were differences in quality ealth . of work life and mental health according to gender, different levels of leaders‘ support, he h and managing stress. The research showed that leaders’ support, quality of work life n t and managing stress affect employees’ mental health in nursing. Discussion and conclusion: Work stress can lead to higher levels of poor quality of work rtunities i life and increased risk in relation to mental health. Zaposlene v zdravstveni negi je po-ppo trebno ozaveščati o pomenu duševnega zdravju zaradi psihično in fizično pomembnih učinkov na zdravje posameznika. nd o Keywords: management; workplace; wel -being hallenges a ncerns, co .. | c dravja . čju z drooa p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 123 Informiranje, podpora, pomoč pri dojenju v slovenskih porodnišnicah: izkušnje in predlogi mater Zalka Drglin, Anja Bohinec Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Laktacija in dojenje sta izjemnega pomena za zdravje otrok in žensk, pri slednjih je potrjeno, da znižuje tveganja za raka na prsih in jajčnikih in za povišan krvni tlak. SZO in UNICEF priporočata, naj mati novorojenčka pristavi k dojkam v prvi uri po porodu. V času, ko so matere z novorojenčki na poporodnih oddelkih, naj bi dobile vso potrebno podporo in pomoč, da bi dojenje kar se da gladko (s)teklo. Zdravstveni strokovnjaki naj bi materam pokazali, kako dojiti, jih spodbujali, da otroka podojijo vedno, kadar to potrebuje, otroku pa dajali tekočino ali mlečne pripravke le, če za to obstajajo zdravstveni razlogi. V mednarodni presečni raziskavi IMAgiNE EURO se posvečamo kakovosti oskrbe mater in novorojenčkov v porodnišnicah z vidika žensk, ena od pomembnih tematik je tudi podpora dojenju. Metode: Podatke zbiramo s pomočjo strukturiranega spletnega vprašalnika, ki temelji na 40 kazalnikih kakovosti na podlagi opredelitve SZO. Obravnavamo samoporočanja žensk iz 12 evropskih držav, ki so rodile od 1.3.2020 do 14.3.2022. Slovenski vzorec dults zajema 2.354 žensk. Kodirali in analizirali smo proste odgovore na odprto vprašanje v vprašalniku za matere glede predlogov za izboljšanja kakovosti oskrbe v porodnišnici, lder a kjer je rodila, ki so povezani z dojenjem. nd o Rezultati: Od 479 prostih odgovorov žensk, ki so rodile v slovenskih porodnišnicah, se ge a jih približno 15 % nanaša na dojenje; razporejeni so v osem kategorij: skladnost nasvetov, znanje zdravstvenih strokovnjakov, odnos, prehrana mater, prehrana nedojenih rking-ao otrok, informirana izbira, oprema in pripomočki. Matere poročajo, da so dobile pref w malo pomoči, nasvetov in podpore; izpostavljajo neskladnost in neenotnost pristopov in nasvetov ter zastarelost, zaostalost in nesodobnost znanja o dojenju zdravstvenih strokovnjakov, neustrezen odnos, neustrezno in količinsko preskromno prehrano do-ealth o ječih mater, neprimerne pristope do prehrane dojenčkov, ki niso dojeni, neuresničevanje informirane izbire glede dojenja ali hranjenja otroka z adaptiranim mlekom, pomanjkanje ustrezne opreme in pripomočkov; in predlagajo izboljšave na vseh naštetih draslih | h področjih. Razprava in zaključki: Večina nosečnic si želi, da bi otroka hranila z lastnim mlekom. Za tarejših o dobre prakse dojenja matere potrebujejo kakovostne informacije že v nosečnosti, po n s porodu pa tudi praktično podporo in pomoč ter ustrezne pogoje, kar poudarjajo matere, vključene v raziskavo. Bivanja v porodnišnici razumemo kot izjemno priložnost ktivnih i za informiranje, razreševanje dvomov in težav ter konkretno individualizirano pomoč pri razvoju veščin, potrebnih za dobro dojenje. Znanje o različnih vidikih laktacije in dojenja vseh zdravstvenih strokovnjakov mora biti sodobno, vešči naj bodo podpore elovno a in svetovanja, okoliščine njihovega delovanja pa naj omogočajo poglobljeno in sočutno sodelovanje z materami pri njihovih prizadevanjih, da bi dojile svoje otroke. To bo pri-zdravje d spevalo k pozitivnim učinkom na zdravje in kakovost življenja otrok, mater in družin. Ključne besede: dojenje, porodnišnica, mati, izkušnja, podpora 124 Information and Help with Breastfeeding in Maternity Hospitals: Mothers’ Experiences and Suggestions Zalka Drglin, Anja Bohinec National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Lactation and breastfeeding are of paramount importance for children’s and women’s health; it has been shown to reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer and high blood pressure of women. The WHO and UNICEF recommend that a mother should latch her newborn to the breast within the first hour after birth. While mothers with newborn babies are in the postnatal wards, they should be given all the support and help they need to make breastfeeding as smooth as possible. Health professionals should show mothers how to breastfeed, encourage them to breastfeed whenever the baby needs, and only give the baby formula if there are medical reasons. The IMAgiNE EURO international cross-sectional survey focuses on the quality of maternal and newborn care in maternity hospitals from the perspective of women, and breastfeeding support is one of the important themes. Methods: Data are col ected using a structured online questionnaire based on WHO’s . 40 quality indicators. We consider self-reports of women from 12 EU countries who gave birth between 1 March 2020 and 14 March 2022. The Slovenian sample includes ealth . 2.354 women. We coded and analyzed responses to an open-ended question in a he h questionnaire for mothers regarding breastfeeding-related suggestions for improving n t the quality of care in the maternity hospital where she gave birth. Results: Of the 479 open-ended responses from women who gave birth in Slovenian maternity hospitals, around 15% related to breastfeeding; they are grouped into eight rtunities i categories: consistency of advice, knowledge of health professionals, attitudes, mater-ppo nal nutrition, nutrition of non-breastfed babies, informed choice, equipment. Moth-nd o ers report that they received too little help, advice and support; highlight inconsistency of approaches and advice, and outdated, backward and inconsistent knowledge of breastfeeding by health professionals, inadequate attitudes, inadequate nutrition of hallenges a breastfeeding mothers, inappropriate approaches to the nutrition of non-breastfed infants, lack of informed choices about breastfeeding, lack of appropriate equipment and utensils; and suggest improvements in all of the above areas. ncerns, co Discussion and conclusion: Mothers need good quality information in pregnancy and .. | c practical support and help after birth, as well as the right conditions, as highlighted by the mothers in the study. Their staying on maternity ward offers exceptional opportu-dravja . nity to provide information, to resolve doubts and problems, and to provide concrete individualised help to develop the skil s needed for good breastfeeding. The knowl- čju z edge of all health professionals on the various aspects breastfeeding should be up-to-droo date, they should be skil ed in support and counsel ing, and the circumstances in which a p they work should al ow them to work in depth and compassionately with mothers in their efforts to breastfeed their babies. This will contribute to positive effects on the sti n health and quality of life of children, mothers and families. riložno Keywords: breastfeeding, maternity hospital, mother, experience, support n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 125 Stališča družinskih članov do prisotnosti med oživljanjem svojih bližnjih: integrativni pregled literature Ines Dujc, Jakob Renko, Igor Karnjuš Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Prisotnost družinskih članov med reanimacijo pomeni, da imajo družinski člani možnost biti prisotni in opazovati postopek oživljanja njihovega bližnjega, ki ga izvajajo zdravstveni delavci sicer pa ta praksa v kliničnih okoljih še vedno ni dobro sprejeta in ostaja predmet razprave. Namen pregleda literature je bil ugotoviti stališča družinskih članov do njihove prisotnosti med kardiopulmonarnim oživljanjem svojih bližnjih in kateri dejavniki vplivajo na ta stališča. Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled znanstvene literature. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili mednarodne podatkovne baze PubMed, Wiley ter ScienceDirect. Uporabili smo naslednjo iskalno strategijo: „relatives“ OR „family members“ AND „family presence during resuscitation“ OR „family witnessed resuscitation“. Merila za vključitev so bila razpoložljivost celotnega besedila, izvirni znanstveni članek v angleščini in objava med 1. Januarjem 2014 in 1. Januarjem 2024. Za oceno kakovosti posameznih raziskav smo uporabili orodje Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Iskanje literature je dults potekalo od 1. februarja do 20. marca 2023. Potek iskanja literature je prikazan z dia-gramom PRISMA. Narejena je vsebinska analiza pridobljenih rezultatov. lder a Rezultati: Izmed 237 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 10 član-nd o kov. Na podlagi integrativnega pregleda literature smo ugotovili, da si družinski člani ge a večinoma želijo biti prisotni pri oživljanju njihovih sorodnikov. Na to stališče vpliva več dejavnikov od katerih je najbolj izstopajoč predvsem pretekla izkušnja z prisotnostjo rking-ao pri reanimaciji svojih bližnjih. Ostali dejavniki, ki vplivajo na stališča so: čustvena pove-f w zanost in podpora, fizična bližina, lažje soočanje z žalovanjem in preglednost možnosti zdravljenja. ealth o Razprava in zaključki: Prisotnost družinskih članov med kardiopulmonarnim oživljanjem je pogosto želena praksa s strani svojcev, pri čemer različni dejavniki pomembno vplivajo na njihovo stališče. Te ugotovitve poudarjajo potrebo po upoštevanju prefe-draslih | h renc družinskih članov pri oblikovanju praks kardiopulmonarnega oživljanja, kar lahko izboljša izkušnjo pacientov in njihovih bližnjih ter prispeva k bolj celostnem pristopu v kliničnih okoljih. V prihodnosti bi bilo smiselno razširiti raziskavo na širšo splošno tarejših o populacijo. n s Ključne besede: družinski člani, karidopulmonarno oživljanje, prisotnost pri reanimaciji ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 126 Family members attitudes towards being present during resuscitation of their relatives: an integrative literature review Ines Dujc, Jakob Renko, Igor Karnjuš University of Primroska Faculty of Health sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Family presence during resuscitation means that family members have the opportunity to be present and observe the resuscitation of their loved one by healthcare professionals, but this practice is still not well accepted in clinical settings and remains a matter of debate. The aim of the literature review was to determine the attitudes of family members towards their presence during the cardiopulmonary resuscitation of their loved ones and which factors influence these attitudes. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed. The international databases PubMed, Wiley and ScienceDirect were used. We used the fol owing search strategy: ‘relatives’ OR ‘family members’ AND ‘family present during resuscitation’ OR ‘family witnessed resuscitation’. Inclusion criteria were the availability of ful -text, original scientific articles in English and publication between 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2024. We used the Critical Appraisal Skil s Programme tool to assess . the quality of each study. The literature search was conducted from 1 February to 20 March 2023. The flow of the literature search is shown in the PRISMA flowchart. A ealth . content analysis of the results was performed. he h Results: Out of 237 identified hits, 10 articles were included in the final analysis. Based n t on an integrative literature review, we found that family members mostly want to be present when their relatives are resuscitated. This view is influenced by several factors, the most prominent of which is past experience of being present during the re-rtunities i suscitation of their relatives. Other factors influencing attitudes are: emotional con-ppo nection and support, physical proximity, ease of coping with grief and transparency of nd o treatment options. Discussion and conclusions: The presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is often a preferred practice by relatives, with various factors having a hallenges a significant influence on their attitudes. These findings highlight the need to consider family members’ preferences when designing cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices, which may improve the experience of patients and their relatives and contribute ncerns, co to a more holistic approach in clinical settings. In the future, it would be worthwhile to .. | c extend the study to a wider general population. Keywords: family members, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, presence during resusci-dravja . tation čju z drooa p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 127 Izkušnje z rehabilitacijo po prebolelem raku: kvalitativna analiza osebnih zgodb bolnikov Almin Kljajić1, Blaž Andlovec1, Sabina Ličen2, Mirko Prosen2 1 Splošna bolnišnica Izola, Izola, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Rak predstavlja nenormalno in nenadzorovano rast celic v telesu. Obstaja več vrst raka, vsi pa lahko povzročijo številne telesne, kognitivne in psihološke težave, ki zmanjšujejo funkcionalno sposobnost in kakovost življenja. V tem kontekstu rehabilitacija pomaga osebam, da postanejo čim bolj samostojne pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih in jim omogoča sodelovanje v izobraževanju, delu, rekreaciji ter pomembnih življenjskih vlogah. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti izkušnje bolnikov po prebolelem raku z vidika vračanja v vsakdanje življenje. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kvalitativni deskriptivni metodi. Podatki so bili zbrani prek individualnih, delno strukturiranih intervjujev. Namenski vzorec je vključeval 6 žensk, starih med 48 in 69 let, ki so prebolele raka dojk in zaključile z rehabilitacijo. Vzorec smo pridobili na podlagi osebnih poznanstev in preko združenja Evropa Donna. Intervjuji so potekali preko spletne platforme Zoom in v živo, z vnaprej pripravlje-dults nim vodičem za intervju. Podatki so bili analizirani z metodo analize vsebine. lder a Rezultati: Identificirane so bile štiri tematske skupine, ki opisujejo izkušnje z rehabilitacijo po prebolelem raku: (1) osebna izkušnja s celostno rehabilitacijo po prebole-nd o lem raku, (2) odkritje in zdravljenje raka, (3) vračanje v socialno okolje po končanem ge a zdravljenju, (4) delovno okolje in vpliv bolezni na poklicno življenje in kariero. Rezultati so pokazali različna mnenja in izkušnje z rehabilitacijo ter vračanjem v vsakdanje žirking-ao vljenje. Bolezen je močno vplivala na njihovo psihofizično počutje in kakovost življenja. f w Pomembno vlogo pri zdravljenju in rehabilitaciji so imeli družina, prijatelji in sodelavci. Vračanje v socialno in delovno okolje jim ni predstavljalo ovir, posebej dobro so bile sprejete v delovnem okolju s strani sodelavcev. Nekatere intervjuvanke so imele pri-ealth o lagojen delovni čas. Razprava in zaključki: Raziskava, ki je obravnavala izkušnje posameznic z rakom, kaže draslih | h ugotovitve glede poteka bolezni, zdravljenja in rehabilitacije. Rezultati kažejo različne reakcije na diagnozo bolezni, ki so vključevale šok in občutek, da je to najhujše, kar se jim je kdaj zgodilo. Raziskava je razkrila poudarek na fizični aktivnosti, saj so intervju-tarejših o vanke menile, da jim je to močno pomagalo pri spopadanju z boleznijo, največkrat sta n s izpostavljena gibanje v naravi in joga. Rak je težka bolezen, ki lahko močno vpliva na kakovost življenja, vendar empatija, sočutje in dobri odnosi v okolici lahko pomembno ktivnih i prispevajo k lažjemu poteku zdravljenja in rehabilitacije. Ključne besede: psihofizično dobro počutje, vrnitev v socialno okolje, zdravljenje, ka-elovno a kovost življenja zdravje d 128 Experiences of cancer rehabilitation: a qualitative analysis of patients‘ personal stories Almin Kljajić1, Blaž Andlovec1, Sabina Ličen2, Mirko Prosen2 1 Izola General Hospital, Izola, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Cancer is the abnormal and uncontrol ed growth of cel s in the body. There are several types of cancer, all of which can cause a number of physical, cognitive and psychological problems that reduce functional ability and quality of life. In this context, rehabilitation helps people to become as independent as possible in everyday activities and enables them to participate in education, work, recreation and important life roles. The purpose of the research was to examine the experiences of patients after cancer from the point of view of returning to everyday life. Methods: The research was based on a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews. The purposive sample included 6 women between the ages of 48 and 69 who had survived breast cancer and completed rehabilitation. We obtained the sample on the basis of personal acquaintances and . through the association Evropa Donna. The interviews were conducted via the Zoom online platform and live, with a pre-prepared interview guide. Data were analyzed us-ealth . ing the content analysis method. he h Results: Four thematic groups were identified that describe experiences with rehabil-n t itation after cancer: (1) personal experience with comprehensive rehabilitation after cancer, (2) cancer detection and treatment, (3) returning to the social environment after treatment, (4) the working environment and the impact of the disease on profes-rtunities i sional life and career. The results showed different opinions and experiences with re-ppo habilitation and returning to everyday life. The disease had a strong impact on their nd o psychophysical wel -being and quality of life. Family, friends and col eagues played an important role in treatment and rehabilitation. Returning to the social and working environment did not pose any obstacles for them, they were particularly well received in hallenges a the working environment by their col eagues. Some interviewees had adjusted working hours. Discussion and conclusions: The study, which looked at the experiences of women with ncerns, co cancer, shows findings on the course of the disease, treatment and rehabilitation. The .. | c results show a range of reactions to the diagnosis of the disease, including shock and a feeling that this was the worst thing that had ever happened to them. The survey re-dravja . vealed an emphasis on physical activity, as interviewees felt that this had helped them a lot in coping with their il ness, with exercise in nature and yoga being the most fre- čju z quently highlighted. Cancer is a difficult disease that can have a profound impact on droo quality of life, but empathy, compassion and good relationships in the surrounding en-a p vironment can make a significant contribution to facilitating treatment and rehabilitation. sti n Keywords: psychophysical wel -being, return to the social environment, treatment, riložno quality of life n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 129 Kakovost delovnega življenja medicinskih sester zaposlenih na področju onkološke zdravstvene nege Azra Kovačević, Tija Panger, Aleksandra Lipovšek, Mirko Prosen, Sabina Ličen Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Medicinske sestre v onkološki zdravstveni negi igrajo ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju celostne oskrbe pacientov, vendar se pogosto soočajo z visoko stopnjo stresa in čustveno izčrpanostjo, kar vpliva na njihovo delovno zadovoljstvo in kakovost življenja. Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena kvantitativna, deskriptivna in neeksperimental-na metoda. Podatki so bili zbrani s spletno anketo, zasnovano na vprašalniku »Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale« (QNWLS), prilagojenem slovenskemu okolju. Vprašalnik vsebuje 35 trditev, ocenjenih s petstopenjsko Likertovo lestvico. Skupna ocena varira od 35 do 175 točk, višje točke pa pomenijo boljšo kakovost delovnega življenja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 52 diplomiranih medicinskih sester v onkološki negi, s povprečno starostjo 38,56 let. Anketiranje je potekalo novembra in decembra 2023 prek orodja EnKlikAnketa. Podatki so bili analizirani z deskriptivnimi in inferenčnimi statističnimi metodami, vključno z linearno regresijo, Wilcoxonovim testom in Kruskal-Wal isovim dults testom, z mejo statistične značilnosti p < 0,05. lder a Rezultati: Zanesljivost QNWLS vprašalnika smo preverili s koeficientom Cronbach alfa, ki je znašal 0,914, kar potrjuje odlično veljavnost vprašalnika. Dve trditvi, ki nd o sta bili najvišje ocenjeni, sta: »Protokoli in standardi zdravstvene nege olajšajo mo-ge a je vsakodnevno delo« s povprečno oceno 4,04 in »Moja dnevna opravila so pogosto preki- njena/motena« s povprečno oceno 4,14. Po drugi strani sta trditvi, ki sta pre-rking-ao jeli najnižjo povprečno oceno: »Za svoje delo sem ustrezno plačan/a« in »Število me-f w dicinskih sester v mojem timu je primerno« s povprečnima ocenama 2,95 in 3,09. Rezultati tudi kažejo na relativno visoko kakovost delovnega življenja medicinskih sester zaposlenih na področju onkološke zdravstvene nege ( = 121,65; s = 16,04; 95 % inter-ealth o val zaupanja [117,39; 125,90] saj so rezultati pokazali na statistično pomembno razliko med mediano anketirancev (Me = 121) in predpostavljeno vrednostjo mediane, ki je 105 (p < 0,001). Rezultati so še pokazali, da med medicinskimi sestrami, ki delajo draslih | h različno izmensko delo, ni statistično značilnih razlik v ocenjevanju kakovosti delovnega življenja (χ2 = 0,177; s.p. = 2; p = 0,915). Model linearne regresijske analize je poka-tarejših o zal, da starost ni statistično pomemben prediktor kakovosti delovnega življenja anken s tirank (p = 0,217). Tudi koeficient determinacije je nizek (R2 = 0,228), kar pomeni, da model pojasni samo 2,8% variabilnosti v ocenah kakovosti delovnega življenja, kar je zelo majhen delež. ktivnih i Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da so medicinske sestre za-dovoljne z opravljanjem svojega dela na področju onkologije, da jim njihove organi-elovno a zacije nudijo možnosti ustreznih izobraževanj in zadostno količino materiala za izvajanje standardizirane zdravstvene nege. Ne glede na vse, pa menijo, da za svoje delo zdravje d niso ustrezno plačane ter, da je število medicinskih sester v njihovih zdravstvenih ti-mih neustrezno oziroma nezadostno. Vsaka ustanova, ki si želi kakovostnega nudenja zdravstvene nege bi morala ugotoviti kakovost delovnega življenja medicinskih sester, saj lahko na podlagi tega uvede številne spremembe, ki bodo vplivale na boljše življenje medicinskih sester in posledično na njihovo izvajanje zdravstvene nege. Skladno s tem predlagamo nadaljnje raziskave s pomočjo ustreznih vprašalnikov z večjim številom anketirancev. Ključne besede: zadovoljstvo z delom, onkološka zdravstvena nega, kakovost oskrbe, medicinske sestre 130 Quality of Work Life of Oncology Nurses Azra Kovačević, Tija Panger, Aleksandra Lipovšek, Mirko Prosen, Sabina Ličen University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Oncology nurses play a crucial role in the comprehensive care of patients, but are often confronted with high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion, which affect their job satisfaction and quality of life. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental method was used in the study. The data was col ected by means of an online survey based on the “Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale” (QNWLS), which was adapted to the Slovenian context. The questionnaire consists of 35 statements, which are rated on a five-point Likert scale (1–5). The total score ranges from 35 to 175 points, with higher scores indicating a better quality of working life. The study involved 52 registered nurses working in oncology, with an average age of 38.56 years. The survey was conducted in November and December 2023 using the EnKlikAnketa tool. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including linear regression, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wal is test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. . Results: The reliability of the QNWLS questionnaire was verified with a Cronbach‘s alpha coefficient of 0.914, confirming excel ent questionnaire validity. The two state-ealth . ments receiving the highest ratings were: “Protocols and standards of nursing facilitate he h my daily work” with an average rating of 4.04 and “My daily tasks are often interrupt-n t ed/disturbed” with an average rating of 4.14. On the other hand, the two statements receiving the lowest average ratings were: “I am adequately paid for my work” and “The number of nurses in my team is adequate” with average ratings of 2.95 and 3.09, rtunities i respectively. The results also indicate a relatively high quality of work life for nurs-ppo es employed in oncology nursing (M = 121.65; SD = 16.04; 95% confidence inter-nd o val [117.39; 125.90]), as there was a statistical y significant difference between the respondents’ median (Mdn = 121) and the assumed median value of 105 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the results showed no statistical y significant differences in the assess-hallenges a ment of quality of work life among nurses working different shifts (χ2 = 0.177; df = 2; p = 0.915). Additional y, the linear regression analysis model indicated that age was not a statistical y significant predictor of the quality of work life for respondents (p = 0.217). ncerns, c The coefficient of determination was also low (R2 = 0.228), indicating that the mod-o el explains only 2.8% of the variability in the ratings of quality of work life, which is a .. | c very small proportion. dravja . Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that nurses are satisfied with their work in oncology, and their organizations provide them with opportunities čju z for adequate education and sufficient material resources for standardized nurs- ing droo care. However, they feel inadequately compensated for their work and believe that a p the number of nurses in their healthcare teams is insufficient. Any institution aiming for quality healthcare provision should assess the quality of work life of nurses, as this can sti n lead to implementing numerous changes that will improve the lives of nurses and consequently their delivery of healthcare. Accordingly, further research is recommended riložno using appropriate questionnaires with a larger number of respondents. n p Keywords: job satisfaction, oncology nursing, quality of care, nurses zzivi ii, i blem pro 131 Obremenitve zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi zaradi izmenskega dela po 50. letu starosti Suzana Nikolić Splošna bolnišnica Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenija Uvod: Zaposleni v zdravstveni negi zagotavljajo oskrbo pacientom neprekinjeno 24 ur na dan. Izmensko delo poruši dnevni ritem telesa, vpliva na večino telesnih funkcij in tudi na družbeno življenje zaposlenih. Zakonodaja s področja izmenskega dela zaposlenim v zdravstveni negi omogoča, da po 50. letu prenehajo z delom v nočni izmeni. Namen priprave prispevka je ugotoviti razloge, ki prispevajo k odločitvi zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi, ali bodo po 50. letu starosti še vedno opravljali delo v nočni izmeni ali ne. Poleg tega želimo opredeliti vpliv večizmenskega dela na telesno in duševno zdravje ter na kakovost življenja zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi. Metode: Raziskava temelji na metodi empiričnega kvalitativnega raziskovanja. Polstrukturirani intervjuji so bili opravljeni z desetimi medicinskimi sestrami zaposlenimi na sekundarnem ravni zdravstvenega varstva. Le-te so predhodno podale ustno so-glasje za sodelovanje v raziskavi. Intervjuje smo posneli, naredili prepise in jih kvalitativno vsebinsko analizirali. Pri pripravi teoretičnega dela smo se oprli na izbrano do-dults mačo in tujo literaturo. lder a Rezultati: Večina zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi je seznanjena z dejstvom, da imajo na podlagi zakonodaje se možnost odločiti, ali bodo po 50. letu starosti še opravljali de-nd o lo v nočni izmeni. Najpogostejši razlogi za prenehanje z delom v nočni izmeni so po-ge a večan obseg dela v nočni izmeni, organizacija dela ter vpliv na njihovo zdravje. Nepra-vilno načrtovane izmene, nočno delo in pomanjkanje spanja prispevajo k povečanemu rking-ao tveganju za izgorelost, stres, nesreče pri delu in k zdravstvenim težavam zaposlenih. f w Razprava in zaključki: Petino vseh zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v ustanovi, kjer je potekala raziskava, predstavljajo medicinske sestre starejše od 50 let. Med njimi jih 20 % ealth o ni podalo soglasja za delo v nočni izmeni. Izmensko delo zaposleni v zdravstveni negi | h prepoznajo kot resen dejavnik tveganja za zdravje. Vpliva lahko na zdravje zaposlenih, delovno učinkovitost in varnost pri delu ter na družinsko in socialno življenje zaposle-draslih nih. Izmensko delo predstavlja pomembno obremenitev izvajalcem zdravstvene nege. Skozi raziskavo ugotavljamo povezavo med starostjo in slabšim telesnim ter duševnim zdravjem. Mlajši izvajalci zdravstvene nege bolje prenašajo izmensko delo kot starejši. tarejših on s Ključne besede: izmensko delo, obremenitev zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi, kolektivna pogodba za zaposlene v zdravstveni negi, kakovost življenja ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 132 Burden of nursing employees due to shift work after the age of 50 Suzana Nikolić Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia Introduction: Nursing employees provide care to patients continuously 24 hours a day. Shift work disrupts the daily rhythm of the body, affects most bodily functions and al-so the social life of employees. Legislation in the field of shift work al ows nursing employees to stop working the night shift after the age of 50. The purpose of the paper is to determine the reasons that contribute to the decision of nursing employees whether they will continue to work in the night shift after the age of 50 or not. In addition, we want to define the impact of multi-shift work on the physical and mental health and quality of life of nursing employees. Methods: The research is based on the method of empirical qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten nurses employed at the secondary level of health care. They previously gave verbal consent to participate in the research. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. When preparing the theoretical work, we relied on selected domestic and foreign literature. . Results: The majority of nursing employees are aware of the fact that they have the opportunity to decide whether they will continue to work in the night shift after the age ealth . of 50. The most common reasons for stopping night shift work are the increased vol-he h ume of night shift work, work organization and the impact on their health. Irregularly n t scheduled shifts, night work and lack of sleep contribute to an increased risk of burnout, stress, accidents at work and health problems among employees. rtunities i Discussion and conclusions: One fifth of all nursing employees are nurses over 50 years ppo of age. Among them, 20% did not give their consent to work in the night shift. Nursing employees recognize shift work as a serious health risk factor. It can affect the nd o health of employees, work efficiency and safety at work, as well as the family and social life of employees. Shift work places a significant burden on nursing care providers. Through research, we establish a connection between age and poorer physical and hallenges a mental health. Younger nurses tolerate shift work better than older ones. Keywords: shift work, workload of nursing employees, Col ective agreement for nurs-ncerns, c ing employees, quality of life o .. | c dravja . čju z drooa p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 133 Ustrahovanje in mobing v zdravstveni negi: opisno-interpretativna analiza Ajda Plos1, Mirko Prosen2, Maša Černelič Bizjak2 1 Zdravstveni dom Grosuplje, Zdravstvenovzgojni center, Grosuplje, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Problematika pomanjkanja zdravstvenega kadra je v Sloveniji že več let predmet razprav in zaradi staranja prebivalstva pa se še poglablja. V zdravstvenih organi-zacijah primanjkuje medicinskih sester in ostalega zdravstveno negovalnega osebja. K izzivu prispeva tudi vloga nespodbudnega okolja, pogosto s prisotnim ustrahovanjem. Negativna dejanja ustrahovanja prinašajo širok spekter negativnih posledic za žrtev in njeno okolico. Tudi sodelavci, ki so priče ustrahovanja ali mobinga pogosto trpijo, ker žrtve ne morejo ali pa si je ne upajo ubraniti pred napadalcem. Težave, ki jih prinese fluktuacija zaposlenih organizaciji ne obsegajo zgolj finančnega bremena, temveč tudi slabšo kakovost izvedenega dela in s tem negativne izide za osebe, ki vstopajo v zdravstveni sistem. Namen raziskave je poglobljen vpogled v doživljanje ustrahovanja na delovnem mestu v zdravstveni negi, ter načine odzivanja medicinskih sester na negativna dejanja ustrahovanja. dults Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna deskriptivna interpretativna metoda. Za pri-dobivanje podatkov je bil uporabljen delno strukturirani intervju z devetimi medicin-lder a skimi sestrami iz vseh ravni zdravstvenega varstva. Za obdelavo podatkov smo upora-nd o bili metodo tematske analize kvalitativnih podatkov. ge a Rezultati: Intervjuvanke so v poglobljenem intervjuju podrobno opisale osebne izku- šnje doživljanja ustrahovanja in osvetlile njihov pogled na omenjeno problematiko. Z rking-ao analizo podatkov je bilo identificiranih pet tematskih skupin (1) vzroki za pojavljanje f w ustrahovanja, (2) izkušnje z ustrahovanjem na delovnem mestu, (3) značilnosti povzročitelja in žrtve, (4) načini odzivanja in spoprijemanja z ustrahovanjem in (5) posledice ustrahovanja. ealth o Razprava in zaključki: Za zajezitev ustrahovanja in s tem izboljšanjem pogojev v zdravstveni negi so potrebne spremembe na ravni organizacij, usmerjene v izrecno spo-draslih | h štovanje politike ničelne tolerance, edukacijo zaposlenih in vlaganje v krepitev medse-bojnih odnosov v kolektivih. Ključne besede: medicinske sestre, povzročitelj, žrtev, odnosi, mobing tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 134 Bullying and mobbing in nursing: A descriptive-interpretative analysis Ajda Plos1, Mirko Prosen2, Maša Černelič Bizjak2 1 Health Education Center, Health Center, Grosuplje, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The shortage of healthcare staff in Slovenia has been a topic of debate for many years, which is being intensified by the ageing of the population. Healthcare organisations are facing a shortage of nurses and other nursing staff. The chal enge is further compounded by an unsupportive environment, often with bul ying present. Negative acts of bul ying have a wide range of negative consequences for the victim and those around them. Col eagues who witness bul ying or mobbing may also suffer because they may be unable or unwil ing to defend the victim against the attacker. Staff turnover brings not only financial problems to an organization but also a reduction in the quality of work and negative outcomes for those entering the health system. The aim of this research is to gain an in-depth insight into the experience of workplace bul-lying in nursing, and how nurses respond to negative acts of bul ying. Methods: Qualitative descriptive interpretive methods were employed to col ect da- . ta from nine nurses across all levels of healthcare through semi-structured interviews. The data was then processed using thematic analysis of qualitative data. ealth . Results: During the in-depth interview, the interviewees provided detailed accounts he h of their personal experiences with bul ying and shared their perspectives on the is-n t sue. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) causes of bul ying, (2) experiences of bul ying in the workplace, (3) characteristics of both perpetrators and victims, (4) strategies for responding to and coping with bul ying, and (5) consequences of bul ying. rtunities i ppo Discussion and conclusions: To improve conditions in healthcare and reduce bul ying, organisations need to make changes such as explicitly respecting zero-tolerance policies, nd o educating staff, and investing in strengthening relationships within teams. Keywords: nurses, perpetrator, victim, relationships, mobbing hallenges a ncerns, co .. | c dravja . čju z drooa p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 135 Geriatrična rehabilitacija v bolnišnici Sežana Nastja Podrekar1,2, Anna Marija Tašev1, Vanja Debevec1 1 Bolnišnica za zdravljenje in rehabilitacijo kroničnih pljučnih bolnikov in podaljšano bolnišnično zdravljenje Sežana, Slovenija 2 Fakulteta za vede o zdravju Univerza na Primorskem, Izola, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: S povečevanjem števila starejših oseb postaja skrb za njihovo zdravje in dobro počutje vse bolj pomembna. Pri tem ima geriatrična rehabilitacija ključno vlogo, saj se osredotoča na zdravljenje, podporo in izboljšanje funkcionalnih sposobnosti starejših ljudi. Namen prispevka je predstaviti vlogo in delo fizioterapije ter delovne terapije v okviru geriatrične rehabilitacije v bolnišnici Sežana. Predstavitev vsebine: Fizioterapevtska obravnava, kot tudi pristop delovnih terapevtov v procesu geriatrične rehabilitacije temelji na individualnem pristopu. V bolnišni-ci Sežana se izvaja podaljšano bolnišnično zdravljenje po stanjih različnih patologij, kar vključuje tako ortopedske in travmatološke paciente, nevrološke paciente kot tudi in-ternistične paciente. Z namenom prilagoditev rehabilitacijskega programa posamezniku fizioterapevti in delovni terapevti na prvem srečanju s pacientom izvedejo testiranje, ki je podlaga za skupno določitev ciljev. Glede na tip patologije se pripravi nabor dults testiranj, vključujoč MAS in RBI lestvico, goniometrijo, ročno dinamometrijo in šest minutni test hoje. Geriatrična rehabilitacija tako vključuje individualno obravnavo pa-lder a cienta, in sicer učenje transferjev, personalizirano kinezioterapijo, učenje hoje s pripo-nd o močki, kot tudi skupinske vadbe in šolo hoje. Sočasno so pacienti rehabilitirani tudi s ge a strani delovnih terapevtov, kar zajema ponovno individualne obravnave in skupinske vadbe, ki so v večji meri usmerjene v izboljšanje fine motorike rok in učenje samostoj-rking-a nosti. Delo fizioterapevtov in delovnih terapevtov se tako v okviru geriatrične rehabi-o litacije dopolnjuje in nadgrajuje. Sledljivost napredka pacientov se tedensko spremlja f w na sestankih z lečečim zdravnikom in socialno delavko. Pred odpustom pacienta fizioterapevti in delovni terapevti ponovijo meritve z namenom ocene stanja pacienta po ealth o zaključeni rehabilitaciji. Rezultati kažejo, da imajo generalno pacienti po zaključeni geriatrični rehabilitaciji izboljšanje v mobilnosti, sposobnosti hoje, razvoju fine motorike, kar se kaže v večji samostojnosti posameznika. Dodatno so v okviru rehabilitacije pa-draslih | h cienti in njihovi svojci izobraženi o ergonomskih prilagoditvah in rešitvah, saj je le-to pomemben ukrep za preprečevanje padcev v domačem okolju. tarejših o Sklepne ugotovitve: Geriatrična rehabilitacija ni le pomembna za posameznike, tem-n s več ima tudi širše družbene koristi. V želji, da bi spremljali smernice strategije razvoja zdravstva in aktivno oblikovali programe zdrave družbe v prihodnje, si prizadevamo nadgraditi program geriatrične rehabilitacije z dodatnimi dejavnostmi tako fizioterapi-ktivnih i je kot delovne terapije in preučiti možnost izvajanja določenih aktivnosti tudi na domu. Ključne besede: kakovost življenja, geriatrična obravnava, fizioterapija, delovna terapija elovno a zdravje d 136 Geriatric rehabilitation at Sežana Hospital Nastja Podrekar1,2, Anna Marija Tašev1, Vanja Debevec1 1 Hospital for the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic lung diseases and extended hospital treatment in Sežana, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Background and purpose: As the number of older people increases, it is becoming increasingly important to look after their health and wel -being. Geriatric rehabilitation has a key role to play in this. It focuses on treating, supporting and improving the functional abilities of older people. The aim of this abstract is to present the role and work of physiotherapy and occupational therapy in geriatric rehabilitation at Sežana Hospital. Content presentation: Physiotherapeutic treatment and treatment by occupational therapists in geriatric rehabilitation is based on an individualised approach. The Seža-na Hospital treats a wide range of pathologies, including orthopaedic and traumato-logical patients, neurological patients and internal medicine patients. In order to tailor the rehabilitation programme to the individual, physiotherapists and occupational . therapists carry out tests at the first meeting with the patient, on the basis of which they set treatment goals together with the patient. Depending on the type of patholo-ealth . gy, they select a range of tests, including MAS and RBI scales, goniometry, manual dy-he h namometry and a six-minute walk test. n t The geriatric rehabilitation carried out by physiotherapists includes individualised treatment of the patient, including kinesiotherapy, walking school, etc. At the same time, patients are also rehabilitated by occupational therapists, with individual treat-rtunities i ment and group exercises focussing more on improving fine motor skil s. Patients’ pro-ppo gress is monitored weekly in meetings with the doctor and social worker. Before the nd o patient is discharged, physiotherapists and occupational therapists repeat the measurements to assess the patient’s condition when the rehabilitation has been completed. The results show that after geriatric rehabilitation, patients general y show an im-hallenges a provement in mobility, walking ability and fine motor development, which translates into greater independence for the individual. In addition, patients and their relatives are educated about ergonomic solutions as part of the rehabilitation programme, as ncerns, c this is an important measure to prevent fal s in the home environment. o .. | c Conclusions: Geriatric rehabilitation is not only important for the individual, but also has wider societal benefits. In order to fol ow the guidelines of the healthcare develop-dravja . ment strategy and actively shape future programmes for a healthy society, we aim to upgrade the geriatric rehabilitation programme with additional activities in both phys- čju z iotherapy and occupational therapy and explore the possibility of offering certain ac-droo tivities at home. a p Keywords: older adults, quality of life, active ageing sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 137 Spremembe togosti ledvenih mišic po ponavljajočem sklanjanju Rok Vatovec, Nejc Šarabon, Matej Voglar 1 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Ponavljajoče sklanjanje (PS) sodi med pomembnejše dejavnike tveganja za pojav bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta pri delovno aktivni populaciji. Izkazalo se je, da daljša trajanja PS vodijo v povečanje intrinzične togosti trupa. Avtorji predhodnih raziskav so predpostavljali, da je slednje posledica povišane togosti mišic. Kolikor je v naši vedno-sti, trenutno ni dostopnih raziskav o spremembah togosti ledvenih mišic po PS. Poleg tega se zdi smiselno primerjati odzive med spoloma. Namen raziskave je bil ovrednotiti učinke PS na togost ledvenih mišic in primerjati odzive med spoloma. Metode: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 16 zdravih prostovoljcev. Strižni količnik m. erector spinae in m. multifidus smo merili v mirovanju obojestransko z uporabo elastogra-fije strižnih valov. Preiskovanci so opravili 60-min protokol PS, ki je zajemal 40 pono-vitev ohranjanja predklona (60 s) z vmesnimi 30 s odmori vzravnanega nepodprtega sedenja. Meritve so bile opravljene pred in po PS. Podatki so bili analizirani z mešanim modelom analize variance za ponovljene meritve z dvema dejavnikoma znotraj (čas in mišica) in enim dejavnikom med preiskovanci (spol). V primeru statistično značilne in-dults terakcije, smo opravili post-hoc teste z Bonferronijevo korekcijo. lder a Rezultati: Naši rezultati niso pokazali značilnega interakcijskega učinka čas × mišica × spol (p = 0,60; η2 = 0,05), čas × spol (p = 0,78; η2 = 0,01) ali učinka spola (p = 0,46; η2 nd o = 0,04). Po drugi strani smo ugotovili značilen učinek časa (p < 0,01; η2 = 0,65), miši-ge a ce (p < 0,01; η2 = 0,58) in interakcijski učinek mišica × spol (p = 0,01; η2 = 0,25). Post- -hoc testi so pokazali mejno značilno višjo togost m. multifidus na desni strani pri mo-rking-ao ških v primerjavi z ženskami (p = 0,05). Po PS se je togost levega in desnega m. erector f w spinae povišala za 8,17 in 6,43 %, medtem ko se je togost levega in desnega m. multifidus povišala za 15,38 in 8,76 % ealth o Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovitve naše raziskave kažejo, da PS vodi v povišanje togosti ledvenih mišic. Poleg tega se je izkazalo, da so omenjeni odzivi primerljivi med spoloma. Mehanizem v ozadju povišanja togosti ledvenih mišic zaenkrat ni jasen. Čeprav bi draslih | h ugotovljene spremembe lahko bile povezane z izometričnim obremenjevanjem iztego-valk trupa, dokazi kažejo na znižanje togosti ledvenih mišic po izometričnem utrujanju. Povišanje togosti ledvenih mišic bi lahko bila kompenzacija za znižano togost vezivnega tarejših o tkiva, ki je bila dosledno poročana v predhodnih raziskavah. Višja togost ledvenih mi-n s šic bi lahko vodila v višje kompresijske obremenitve hrbteničnih struktur in posledič- no povečala tveganje za pojav ali vztrajanje bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta v delov-ktivnih i no aktivni populaciji. Ključne besede: mehanske lastnosti mišic, upogib trupa, strižni količnik, m. erector spi-elovno a nae, m. multifidus zdravje d 138 Changes of lumbar muscle stiffness following spinal flexion exposure Rok Vatovec, Nejc Šarabon, Matej Voglar 1 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Spinal flexion exposure (SFE) is considered as an important risk factor for the occurrence of low back pain in working-age adults. Evidence suggests that longer durations of SFE lead to increased intrinsic trunk stiffness. Authors of previous studies have speculated that the latter is a consequence of increased muscle stiffness. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no available studies on the changes in lumbar muscle stiffness fol owing SFE. Furthermore, the comparison of the response between genders warrants investigation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of SFE on lumbar muscle stiffness and to compare the response between genders. Methods: Our study sample included 16 healthy young volunteers. Erector spinae and multifidus resting shear modulus was measured bilaterally using shear wave elastography. The participants completed a 60-min intermittent SFE protocol, which consisted of 40 repetitions of static spinal flexion (60 s) interspersed with 30 s of unsupport- . ed upright sitting. The measurements were completed prior to and fol owing the SFE protocol. Data were analysed using a mixed-method repeated measures analysis of ealth . variance with two within- (time and muscle) and one between- (gender) subject fac-he h tor. For statistical y significant interactions, post-hoc tests were completed using the n t Bonferroni correction. Results: Our results did not show a significant time × muscle × gender (p = 0.60; η2 = 0.05), time × gender interaction (p = 0.78; η2 = 0.01) or gender effect (p = 0.46; η2 = rtunities i 0.04). On the other hand, we found a significant time (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.65), muscle (p ppo < 0.01; η2 = 0.58) and muscle × gender effect (p = 0.01; η2 = 0.25). The post-hoc tests nd o revealed marginally significantly higher right multifidus stiffness in males compared to females (p = 0.05). Fol owing SFE, left and right erector spinae shear modulus increased by 8.17 and 6.43 %, respectively, whereas left and right multifidus shear mod-hallenges a ulus increased by 15.38 and 8.76 %, respectively. Discussion and conclusions: The main finding of our study is that SFE leads to increased lumbar muscle stiffness. Furthermore, this response appears to be comparable be-ncerns, co tween genders. The exact mechanism for increased lumbar muscle stiffness remains .. | c debatable. Although this finding may be related to isometric loading of the trunk ex-tensors, evidence suggests that isometric fatigue leads to a reduction in resting lum-dravja . bar muscle stiffness. Increased lumbar muscle stiffness may serve as a compensation for reduced connective tissue stiffness, which has been frequently reported in previ- čju z ous studies. Higher lumbar muscle stiffness may result in increased compressive load-droo ing of spinal tissues, thus elevating the risk for the development or persistence of low a p back pain in working-age adults. sti n Keywords: muscle mechanical properties, bending, shear modulus, erector spinae, multifidus, elastography riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 139 Varovanje pacientov pred nezaželenimi dogodki v operacijski dvorani Sara Stražišar, Kristina Martinović Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Operativni posegi so med delovno populacijo precej pogosti. Po podatkih je 20 % posameznikov v omenjenem obdobju izpostavljenih kirurški oskrbi. Ob izvajanju le te prihaja do napak in neželenih dogodkov, ki jih povzročijo zdravstveni delavci. V prispevku smo želeli raziskati, kateri so najpogostejši nezaželeni dogodki v medoperativ-nem obdobju ter na kakšen način paciente obvarujemo pred njimi. Metode: Izvedli smo integrativni pregled literature v skladu s PRISMA smernicami. Literaturo smo pridobili iz podatkovnih baz COBISS, PubMed, CINAHL, Google učenjak, DiKUL in Science Direct. Iskali smo za časovno obdobje med letoma 2014 in 2024 ter uporabili Boolova operaterja AND in OR. Ključne besede so bile nanizane v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, povezane z operacijsko dvorano, neželenimi dogodki, var-nostjo, pacienti in zdravstvenimi delavci. Rezultati: V vseh bazah je bilo identificirano 14. 243 zadetkov. Po pregledu literature glede na PRIZMA smernice, smo vključili 12 člankov. Najpogostejši neželeni dogodki dults v operacijski dvorani vključujejo okužbe rane, krvavitve, težave z dihanjem, alergijske reakcije na zdravila, poškodbe živcev, zlome kosti, ter pooperativne bolečine. Za za-lder a gotavljanje dobro opravljenega dela v operacijski dvorani, so ključne dobro usposobljene operativne medicinske sestre. Pomembno je, da znajo pravočasno prepozna-nd o ti potencialne nevarnosti za pacienta in ustrezno ukrepati. Za doseganje tega znanja ge a je potrebno zagotoviti dosledno in ustrezno izobraževanje na področju medoperativ-ne zdravstvene nege. Medoperativna nega zajema specializirana področja, pri katerih rking-ao je potrebno poznati in razumeti človeka kot celoto, njegovo anatomijo, fiziologijo ter f w bolezni ter tehnično znanje o napravah, instrumentih in postopkih sterilizacije. V veliki meri je varnost pacienta odvisna od funkcioniranja operacijskega tima. Pomanjkanje timskega dela in komunikacije namreč vodita v slabšo oskrbo v vseh fazah zdravljenja ealth o pacienta. Dobro komunikacijo podpremo s pravilnim dokumentiranjem in uporabo kirurških varnostnih protokolov. Ti pripomorejo k zagotavljanju, da so opravljene vse potrebne priprave in varnostni postopki, kar zagotavlja večjo varnost pacienta. Za draslih | h preprečevanje neželenih dogodkov pa je potrebna tudi vsa delujoča oprema in instrumenti, ki jo je potrebno vzdrževati in redno pregledovati. tarejših o Razprava in zaključek: Stalno izboljševanje praks in implementacija novih tehnologij sta n s ključna za zagotavljanje najvišje možne ravni varnosti v operacijski dvorani. Pojavlja se tendeca po uvedbi podiplomskega izobraževanja za operacijske medicinske sestre, saj ktivnih i je njihova usposobljenost nepogrešljiva za zagotavljanje varnosti pacientov med ope-racijo. S pravilnim usposabljanjem osebja ter uporabo standardiziranih protokolov lahko zmanjšamo incidenco neželenih dogodkov in izboljšamo kakovost oskrbe vseh pa-elovno a cientov ter poskrbimo za hitrejšo vrnitev na delo. Ključne besede: varnost, pacient, strokovne napake, nezaželeni dogodki, operacija zdravje d 140 Security of patients against unwanted events in the operating theatre. Sara Stražišar, Kristina Martinović University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Surgical interventions are quite common in the working population. According to data, 20% of individuals are exposed to surgical care during this period. In the process, errors and adverse events caused by healthcare workers occur. The aim of this paper was to investigate the most common adverse events that occur during the perioperative period and to identify ways to protect patients from them. Methods: We conducted an integrative literature review according to PRISMA guidelines. Literature was col ected from COBISS, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, DiKUL and Science Direct databases. We searched between 2014 and 2024 and used Boolean AND and OR operators. Keywords were generated in both Slovenian and English, related to operating room, adverse events, safety, patients and healthcare workers. Results: There were 14,243 hits identified in all databases. After reviewing the literature against the PRIZMA guidelines, we included 12 articles. Most common adverse . events in the operating room include wound infections, bleeding, breathing problems, al ergic reactions to drugs, nerve damage, bone fractures, and post-operative pain. ealth . Wel -trained OR nurses are essential to ensure a job well done in the operating the-he h atre. It is important that they are able to identify potential hazards to patient in time n t and take appropriate action. To achieve this knowledge, consistent and appropriate education in perioperative nursing must be provided. Perioperative care covers specialised areas that require knowledge and understanding of the whole person, their rtunities i anatomy, physiology and diseases, as well as technical knowledge of equipment, in-ppo struments and sterilisation procedures. Patient safety depends to a large extent on nd o the functioning of the operating team. Lack of teamwork and communication leads to poorer care at all stages of the patient’s treatment. Good communication is supported by proper documentation and the use of surgical safety protocols. This helps to en-hallenges a sure that all the necessary preparations and safety procedures are carried out, ensuring greater patient safety. However, all working equipment and instruments also need to be maintained and regularly inspected to prevent adverse events. ncerns, co Discussion and conclusion: Continuous improvement of practices and the implementa- .. | c tion of new technologies are key to ensuring the highest possible level of safety in the operating room. There is a tendency to establish postgraduate training for OR nurs-dravja . es, as their competence remains crucial to ensure patient safety during surgery. With proper staff training and the use of standardised protocols, we can reduce the inci- čju z dence of adverse events and improve the quality of care for all patients, resulting in a droo quicker return to work. a p Keywords: safety, patient, professional errors, adverse events, surgery sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 141 Kadilske navade starejših odraslih v Sloveniji – analiza klicev na Quitline Saša Šajn Lekše1, Tomaž Čakš2 1 Zdravstveni dom Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Starejši kadilci imajo večje tveganje za resne bolezenske zaplete in smrt. Prenehanje kajenja v visoki starosti ima številne prednosti, a so starejši odrasli pogosto spregledani. Literatura, objavljena v zadnjih petih letih navaja različne podatke, o kajenju starejših od 65 let, med 8-12 % svetovne populacije. Svetovni dan brez tobaka 2023 navaja, da je potrebno intervencije za prenehanje kajenja usmeriti tudi na starejše kadilce. Analiza 10 evropskih držav je pokazala, da spremembe tobačne zakonodaje ni-so zmanjšale prevalence kajenja pri starejših od 65 let. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna analiza vsebine sekundarnih virov. Podatki so bili pridobljeni iz zapisanih povzetkov klicev na slovenski telefon za pomoč pri opuščanju kajenja (Quitline) v letu 2022. Uporabljen je bil namenski vzorec zapisov poteka anonimnih telefonskih pogovorov s starejšimi od 60 let. Rezultati: V enem letu je na Quitline poklicalo 43 starejših odraslih. Njihova povpreč- dults na starost je bila 67 let, kadijo v povprečju več kot 45 let, po 20 cigaret dnevno. Po več desetletjih kajenja imajo vsi najmanj eno izkušnjo opuščanja, ponovno pa pričnejo ka-lder a diti zaradi stresnih sprememb v življenjskih okoliščinah. Kajenje vzdržuje dolgčas oziroma pomanjkanje aktivnosti. Pri več klicalcih so svetovalci zaznali znake, ki nakazu-nd o jejo na težave v duševnem zdravju. Starejši odrasli zelo pogosto kadijo ob pitju kave, ge a ženske pa rajši kadijo same, kot v družbi. Veliko jih še vedno kadi v zaprtih prostorih. Najpogosteje omenjene zdravstvene težave s strani klicalcev so bile: arterijska hiper-rking-ao tenzija, stari miokardni infarkt, težko dihanje, kašelj, KOPB, astma, sladkorna bolezen. f w Zdravstvene težave in prihranek denarja sta bila najpogostejša motivacijska dejavnika za opuščanje. Pogosto so si želeli hitre rešitve za prenehanje. ealth o Razprava in zaključki: Le dobra polovica starejših kadilcev ve, da kajenje škoduje zdravju. Menijo, da opustitev kajenja ne bi izboljšala njihovega zdravja in da pasivno kajenje ni škodljivo. Manj znanja imajo tisti z nižjo stopnjo izobrazbe. Poleg fiziološkega vzro-draslih | h ka zasvojenosti je glaven dejavnik vzdrževanja kajenja osamljenost. Ko starejša oseba pokliče na Quitline, je ključno, da prepoznamo potrebo po iskanju rešitev na podro- čju osamljenosti. Dobra praksa je usmeritev starejšega odraslega k oblikam pomoči tarejših o v njegovem lokalnem okolju. Starejši kadilci imajo drugačne potrebe kot druge staro-n s stne skupine. Vsi, ki se srečujejo s starejšimi kadilci, naj bi te potrebe znali identificirati in znali nuditi ustrezno pomoč. Quitline naj bo vedno ena izmed možnosti, ki jih po-ktivnih i nudimo v stiku s starejšim kadilcem. Ključne besede: starejši odrasli, kajenje, opuščanje, Quitline elovno a zdravje d 142 Smoking habits of older adults in Slovenia – analysis of Quitline calls Saša Šajn Lekše1, Tomaž Čakš2 1 Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Older smokers have a higher risk of serious health complications and death. Quitting smoking in old age has many benefits, but older adults are often overlooked. Literature published in the last five years cites various percentages of older smokers worldwide, between 8 to 12 % of people over the age of 65.. World No To-bacco Day 2023 states that smoking cessation interventions should also target older smokers. An analysis of 10 European countries showed that changes in legislation did not reduce the prevalence of smoking among people over 65 years of age. Methods: A qualitative content analysis of secondary sources was used. The data were obtained from the recorded summaries of cal s to the Slovenian telephone line for smoking cessation (Quitline) in 2022. A purposeful sample of the records of anonymous telephone conversations with people over 60 years of age was used. Results: 43 older adults contacted Quitline in one year. Their average age was 67 years, . they had been smoking for an average of more than 45 years, 20 cigarettes a day. After several decades of smoking, they all had at least one experience of quitting. They ealth . mostly relapsed due to stressful changes in life circumstances. Smoking is perpetuat-he h ed through boredom or lack of activity. In several cal ers, counselors detected signs n t that may point to psychiatric health problems. Older adults often smoke while drinking coffee and women prefer to smoke alone rather than in company. Many of them still smoke indoors. The most frequently mentioned health problems by older smok-rtunities i ers were: arterial hypertension, old myocardial infarction, shortness of breath, cough, ppo COPD, asthma, diabetes. Health problems and saving money were the most common nd o motivational factors for quitting. They often wanted quick quitting solutions. Discussion and conclusions: Only about a half of older smokers know that smoking is harmful. They believe that quitting would not improve their health and that passive hallenges a smoking is not harmful to others. Those with a lower level of education have less knowledge. In addition to the physiological cause of addiction, the main factor in maintaining smoking is loneliness. When an elderly person contacts Quitline, it is crucial to ncerns, co recognise the need for solutions in the aspect of loneliness. It is good practice to di- .. | c rect the elderly towards forms of assistance in their local environment. Elderly smokers have different needs than other age groups. Everyone who comes in contact with dravja . older smokers should be able to identify these needs and be able to provide appropriate help. QUITLINE should always be offered as one of the options when working čju z with an older smoker. droo Keywords: older adults, smoking, cessation, Quitline a p sti n riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 143 Ocena kvalitete življenja pri odraslih z atopijskim dermatitisom in aknami Dominik Škrinjar, Matej Žnidarič Univerza v Mariboru, Medicinska fakulteta, Maribor, Slovenija Uvod: Atopijski dermatitis (AD) in akne (AK) sta kožni bolezni, ki pomembno vplivata na kakovost življenja (KŽ) obolelih posameznikov. Obe bolezni nista le neprijetni z vidika telesnih simptomov, temveč prinašata tudi psihološko in socialno breme, ki lahko vpliva na vsakodnevne dejavnosti, samozavest in splošno dobro počutje. Dermatološki indeks kakovosti življenja (DLQI) je pogosto uporabljeno orodje za ocenjevanje vpliva kožnih bolezni na KŽ bolnikov. Namen raziskave je bil s pomočjo vprašalnika DLQI oceniti vpliv AD in AK na KŽ pri odraslih. Metode: Za oceno KŽ pri odraslih bolnikih z AD in AK smo izvedli presečno raziskavo z uporabo vprašalnika DLQI. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 798 odraslih oseb (18 - 49 let) z diagnozo AD ali AK (vendar ne obeh hkrati), ki so izpolnili vprašalnik DLQI v celoti preko spletnega orodja 1KA v obdobju 28. 11. 2022 - 28. 2. 2023, pri čemer smo prejeli odgovore 304 bolnikov (od tega 76,6 % žensk) z AD in 494 bolnikov (od tega 66,6 % žensk) z AK. Podatke smo statistično analizirali s pomočjo programske opre-dults me IBM SPSS (verzija 27.0), da bi primerjali vpliv AD in AK na KŽ bolnikov ter ugotovili morebitne pomembne razlike med obema skupinama glede na spol in starost bol-lder a nikov s pomočjo opisnih in interferenčnih statitističnih metod. Naredili smo tudi teste nd o normalne porazdelitve podatkov, s katerimi smo upravičili izbiro neparametričnih stage a tističnih metod (Kruskal Wal is in Mann Whitney U test). Rezultati: V povprečju so ženske dosegle več točk (12,13 pri AD in 9,07 pri AK) kot mo-rking-ao ški (9,68 pri AD in 6,63 pri AK), kar kaže na večje breme bolezni na KŽ pri ženskah. f w Mlajši odrasli (18-24 let) z AD so v povprečju dosegli manj točk (11,25) kot drugi odrasli (25-49 let) z AD (12,59), kar kaže na morebitno večje breme AD kasneje v življenju. Mlajši odrasli z AK so v povprečju dosegli podobno število točk (8,65) kot starej-ealth o ši odrasli z AK (8,64), kar kaže na majhno razliko v vplivu starosti na KŽ pri bolnikih z AK. Med bolniki z AD in AK so bile statistično pomembne razlike (p < 0,01) glede na bolezen in spol na ravni stopnje značilnosti α = 0,01, medtem ko so bile med različni-draslih | h mi starostnimi skupinami odraslih z AD in AK ugotovljene majhne ali statistično nepo-membne razlike (p > 0,05). tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: V tej študiji smo skušali poudariti potrebo po celostnih strategijah n s zdravljenja, ki obravnavajo tako telesne kot psihosocialne vidike AD in AK. Zdravstveni delavci bi se morali zavedati predvsem izrazitega vpliva kožnih bolezni na KŽ bolni-ktivnih i kov, še posebej pri ženskah in starejših posameznikih, ter razmisliti o dodatnih prilagojenih ukrepih za ublažitev tega bremena. Bistvene razlike med vplivi AD in AK na KŽ kažejo tudi na to, da morajo biti strategije zdravljenja bolnikov prilagojene posame-elovno a znemu bolniku, pri čemer je treba upoštevati specifične izzive, ki jih prinašajo posamezne kožne bolezni. S to študijo poudarjamo ključni pomen nadaljnjega ocenjevanja KŽ zdravje d s pomočjo orodij kot je DLQI v vsakodnevni klinični praksi. Ključne besede: kvaliteta življenja, atopijski dermatitis, akne, odrasli, DLQI 144 Assessment of quality of life in adults with atopic dermatitis and acne Dominik Škrinjar, Matej Žnidarič University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and acne (AC) are skin diseases that have significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Both diseases are not only unpleasant in terms of physical symptoms, but also bring psychological and social burdens that can affect daily activities, self-esteem and general wel -being. The Der-matology Life Quality Index (DLQI) is a widely used tool to assess the impact of skin diseases on the QoL of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of AD and AC on QoL in adults using the DLQI questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the DLQI questionnaire was conducted. The study included 798 adults (18-49 years) diagnosed with AD or AC (but not both at the same time) who completed the DLQI questionnaire in full via the 1KA online tool during the period 28/11/2022 - 28/02/2023, receiving responses from 304 patients (76.6% female) with AD and 494 patients (66.6% female) with AC. The data were statistical y analysed using IBM SPSS software (version 27.0) to compare the impact of AD . and AC on patients’ QoL and to identify any significant differences between the two groups according to patients’ sex and age using descriptive and interferential statisti-ealth . cal methods. We performed tests of normal data distribution to justify the choice of he h non-parametric statistical methods (Kruskal Wal is and Mann Whitney U test). n t Results: On average, women scored higher points (12,13 for AD and 9,07 for AC) than men (9,68 for AD and 6,63 for AC), indicating a higher disease burden on QoL in women. Younger adults (18-24 years) with AD scored an average less points (11,25) rtunities i than other adults (25-49 or more years) with AD (12,59), indicating a possible high-ppo er burden of AD later in life. Younger adults with AC scored an average similar points nd o (8,65) than older adults with AC (8,64), indicating little to no significant difference in the impact of age on QoL in patients with AC. There were statistical y significant differences (p < 0.01) based on disease pathology and gender, at the α = 0.01 level of hallenges a significance between patients with AD and AC, whereas little to no statistical y significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between different groups of adults with AD and AC. ncerns, co Discussion and conclusions: In this study we aimed to highlight the need for holistic .. | c treatment strategies that address both the physical and psychosocial aspects of AD and AC. In particular, health professionals should be aware of the marked impact of dravja . skin diseases on the QoL of patients, especial y in women and older individuals, and consider additional tailored interventions to mitigate this burden. The differences be- čju z tween the impact of AD and AC on QoL also suggests that patient treatment strate-droo gies should be tailored to the individual patient, taking into account the specific chal-a p lenges posed by each skin disease. This study also highlights the importance of QoL assessment using tools such as the DLQI in clinical practice. sti n Keywords: quality of life, atopic dermatitis, acne, adults, DLQI riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 145 Vpliv dojenja na preprečevanje kasnejših srčno-žilnih dogodkov pri otročnicah po carskem rezu z zmerno gestacijsko hipertenzijo ali preeklampsijo: pregled literature Uroš Višić1,2, Nana Turk3 1 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ginekološka klinika, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerza v Novem mestu, Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede, Novo mesto, Slovenija 3 Univerza v Ljubljani, Medicinska fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Preeklampsija velja za sindrom, etiologija pa še vedno ni povsem pojasnjena. Za- četek je po približno 20. tednu nosečnosti z dokazano motnjo funkcioniranja organov ali uteroplacentarnega delovanja in/ali proteinurijo. Številne študije so pokazale, da je preeklampsija povezana s povečanim tveganjem za nekatere najpogostejše zaplete. Dojenje je eden od učinkovitih ukrepov nefarnakološkega obvladovanja hipertenzije ter ostalih involucijskih procesov v popoordnem obdobju in je povezano s koristmi tudi za zdravje dojenčkov. Prednosti dojenja za matere vključujejo hitrejšo involucijo maternice po carskem rezu in vaginalnem porodu ter manjše tveganje za poporodno krvavitev. Pri ženskah, ki so dojile vsaj dve leti, je bila verjetnost za razvoj koronarne bolezni za 37 % manjša kot pri ženskah, ki niso dojile. dults Metode: Izvedli smo pregled literature objavljenih znanstvenoraziskovalnih člankov, o vplivu dojenja pri preeklamptičnih bolnicah in tveganju za srčno-žilne dogodke. Iska-lder a nje je potekalo v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed Central, ScienceDirect in Google Scho-nd o lar. Uporabljene so bile naslednje ključne besede: »carski rez«, »krvni tlak«, »zapleti«, ge a »zdravljenje«, »dojenje«. Rezultati so bili analizirani s tematsko analizo ugotovitev kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih študij. Iskanje literature je potekalo z osemletnim zamikom rking-a od objave. Deset člankov, vključenih v naš pregled literature, je izpolnjevalo vsa merila o za vključitev. Pregled literature je bil ocenjen glede primernosti za vključitev v pregled f w literature na podlagi smernic. Rezultati: Spodbujanje prvega poskusa dojenja ima pomembno vlogo pri prepreče-ealth o vanju pojavnosti srčno-žilnih dogodkov. Prav tako tudi različni pristopi k opredelitvi trajanja dojenja kot preventivnega ukrepa. Skupaj lahko ti ukrepi vplivajo na dušev-no zdravje in zmanjšajo tveganje za srčno-žilne dogodke za približno 13 %. Povprečne draslih | h vrednosti sistoličnega krvnega tlaka pri pacientkah, ki so dojile več kot 6 mesecev, so bile pomembno nižje ( p = 0,04) v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so dojile približno 3- 6 mese-tarejših o cev. Za preprečevanje poporodne hipertenzije je zelo pomembna povezanost z lakta-n s cijo in dojenjem pri prejšnjih porodnih izkušnjah. Različne študije kažejo na optimalno trajanje dojenja po carskem rezu, ki se giblje od najmanj 6 mesecev do do 12 mesecev. Dojenčki so bili v povprečju dojeni 15,6 meseca. S takšnim trajanjem dojenja so bolniki ktivnih i zmanjšali tveganje za srčno-žilne dogodke v kasnejšem življenju za 11 %. Razprava in zaključki: Ugotavljamo, da imajo otročnice slabše izide dojenja predvsem elovno a zaradi obvladovanja simptomov preeklampsije. To vpliva na kvaliteto življenja otročni-ce, lažje povezovanje in samostojnejšo skrb za novorojenčka. zdravje d Ključne besede: carski rez, krvni tlak, komplikacije, zdravljenje, dojenje 146 Impact of breastfeeding on prevention of later cardiovascular events in patients after cesarean section with moderate gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: literature review Uroš Višić1,2, Nana Turk3 1 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gynaecological Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University of Novo mesto, Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo mesto, Slovenia 3 University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Preeclampsia is considered a syndrome, and the aetiology is still not fully understood. Several studies have shown that pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of some of the most common complications due to cardiovascular events, even after adjustment and identification of risk factors. Breastfeeding has benefits for mother, including a faster process of involution in the postpartum period and a lower risk of post-partum hemorrhage. Women who breastfed for two years were 37% less likely to develop coronaropathy than women who did not breastfeed. Methods: We performed a literature review of published scientific research articles reporting on the impact of breastfeeding in pre-eclamptic patients and the risk of . cardiovascular events. The search was conducted in PubMed Central, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The fol owing keywords were used: »caesarean section«, »blood ealth . pressure«, »complications«, »treatment«, »breastfeeding«. The results were analysed he h by thematic analysis of qualitative and quantitative study findings. The literature search n t was conducted with an eight-year lag from publication. The 10 articles included in our literature review met all the inclusion criteria. The literature review was assessed for eligibility for inclusion in the literature review based on the guidelines. rtunities i Results: Encouraging the first breastfeeding play an important role in preventing the ppo incidence of cardiovascular events. Also, different approaches to define the duration nd o of breastfeeding as a preventive measure. Taken together, these measures can affect mental wel being and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events by around 13%. Mean systolic blood pressure values in patients who breastfed more than 6 months were hallenges a significantly lower ( p = 0.04) compared to those who breastfed approximately 3- 6 months. For the prevention of postpartum hypertension, the association with lacta-tion and breastfeeding in previous birth experiences is very important. Different stud-ncerns, c ies indicate an optimal duration of breastfeeding after cesarean section ranging from o minimum of 6 months up to up to 12 months. On average infants were breastfed for .. | c 15.6 months. With this duration of breastfeeding, patients reduced their risk of cardiovascular events by 11% in later life. dravja . Conclusion: We find that patients have worse breastfeeding outcomes, even when they čju z are supported and encouraged to breastfeed, especial y in the early postnatal period. droo This has an impact on the quality of life of the woman who has given birth, making it a p eaiser for her to bond and to care for her newborn more independently. sti n Keywords: caesarean section, blood pressure, complications, treatment, breastfeeding riložno n p zzivi ii, i blem pro 147 Patronažna medicinska sestra v vlogi varovanja starejših v lokalni skupnosti Mara Županić1, Sanja Zoranić2, Snježana Brući3, Ivana Živoder4 1 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Hrvaška 2 University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Hrvaška 3 Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Naftalan, Ivanić Grad, Hrvaška 4 University North, Varaždin, Hrvaška Izhodišča in namen: Prispevek obravnava povezanost vse večjega deleža starejših od 65 let in njihovih potreb po zdravstveni oskrbi ter storitvami, ki jih zagotavljajo patronažne medicinske sestre. Delo patronažne medicinske sestre s starejšimi odraslimi vključuje: ugotavljanje potreb po zdravstveni negi na domu, načrtovanje, izvajanje in vrednotenje zdravstvene nege. Velik del te skupine prebivalstva ne potrebuje stalne oskrbe, vendar pa s starostjo upada njihova funkcionalna sposobnost , kar pove- čuje potrebo po zdravstveni negi in podpori, za kar so najbolj kompetentne patrona- žne medicinske sestre. Predstavitev vsebine: Republika Hrvaška ima po popisu prebivalstva z leta 2021, 3.871.833 prebivalcev, delež prebivalstva starega 65 in več let, pa predstavlja 22,45 % dults (Hrvaški državni zavod za statistiko). Glede na to, da so starejši odrasli izpostavljeni večjemu tveganju za pojav kroničnih bolezni in invalidnosti, je večja verjetnost, da bo-lder a do potrebovali zdravstvene storitve. Skrb za starajočo se populacijo zahteva zadostno nd o raven znanja in veščin s področja gerontologije vključno z razumevanjem normalne-ge a ga procesa staranja in pričakovanih sprememb, kot so psihološke, psihosocialne, funkcionalne in kognitivne spremembe. Potrebno je tudi poznavanje zdravstvenih potreb, rking-a kroničnih težav, zdravstvene nege ter promocije zdravja pri starejših odraslih. To po-o meni, da bi morale patronažne medicinske sestre pripraviti individualen načrt oskr-f w be s ciljem preprečevanja funkcionalnega upada in ohranjanja zdravja. Glavni cilj patronažne dejavnosti pri oskrbi starejše odrasle populacije je zagotoviti, da patronažne ealth o medicinske sestre razumejo načrtovanje oskrbe kroničnih pacientov ter spodbujajo zdravo staranje in aktivnosti za zmanjševanje vpliva s starostjo povezanih bolezni in invalidnosti. Patronažna medicinska sestra predstavlja vezni člen med družino in vrsto draslih | h drugih storitev, ki so na voljo v lokalni skupnosti. Družino napoti na posamezne storitve, pri čemer upošteva varovanje interesov in pravic starejših odraslih. Patronažne medicinske sestre preko patronažnih obiskov izvajajo ukrepe vseh stopenj preventi-tarejših o ve, prepoznavajo tveganja ter ozaveščajo in sodelujejo z drugimi sektorji za podporo n s posamezniku in njegovi družini. V prispevku bodo predstavljeni nacionalni normativi in standardi patronažnih medicinskih sester, smernice za izvajanje zdravstvenega varstva ktivnih i na patronažnem področju, število zdravstvenih delavcev, ki izvajajo zdravstveno nego na domu, po županijah v letu 2022 ter porazdelitev števila obiskov patronažnih medicinskih sester pri starejših odraslih in število ugotovljenih bolezni in stanj v zdravstve-elovno a ni negi na domu, razdeljeno po skupinah bolezni in starostnih skupinah uporabnikov na Hrvaškem v letu 2022. zdravje d Sklepne ugotovitve: Kompleksne intervencije, kot sta geriatrična ocena in spremljanje skupnosti, lahko podpirajo starejše odrasle pri samostojnem življenju. Programi so ce-lovitem modelu skupnostne oskrbe šibkih starejših, patronažne medicinske sestre so pri tem nepogrešljive članice interdisciplinarnega gerontološko/geriatričnega tima pri varovanju zdravja starejših odraslih. Ključne besede: zdravstvena nega, zdravstveno varstvo, starejši odrasli, skupnost 148 Community nurse in the role of protecting the elderly in the local community Mara Županić1, Sanja Zoranić2, Snježana Brući3, Ivana Živoder4 1 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia 2 University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia 3 Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Naftalan, Ivanić Grad, Croatia 4 University North, Varaždin, Croatia Introduction and purpose: The paper deals with the association of the increasing proportion of people over the age of 65 and their needs with the health services provided by community nurses. The work of a community nurse with older adults includes: assessing the needs for health care of older adults in their home, planning of health care, implementation of health care and evaluation. Much of this population group does not need continuous care, however, with increasing age, the functional ability of the older adults is also declining, which is the reason why care and support are needed, and community nurses are in the best position to provide such care. . Content presentation: According to the 2021 Census, the Republic of Croatia has 3 871 833 inhabitants, while the share of the population aged 65 and over is 22.45% (Cro-ealth . atian Bureau of Statistics). Considering that older adults are at higher risk for chronic he h diseases and disabilities, they therefore are more likely to need health services. Car-n t ing for an aging population requires a sufficient level of knowledge and skil s associated with gerontology. This includes understanding the normal aging process and expected changes such as psysiological, psychosocial, functional and cognitive changes common rtunities i health needs, chronic problems and care, as well as the application of the concept of ppo health promotion for older adults. This indicates that community nurses should pro-nd o vide an individualized care plan, with the aim of preventing functional decline and ensuring the maintenance of health. The main objective of community activities in the care of the older adult population is to ensure that the community nurses understand hallenges a care planning for chronic patients and promote healthy ageing and activities to reduce the impact of age-related diseases and disabilities. The community nurse represents a link, i.e. a bridge between the family and a whole range of other services available to ncerns, c her in the local community, the nurse refers the family to individual services, taking in-o to account the protection of the interests and rights of the older adults family. Through .. | c home/, the community nurses implement measures of all levels of prevention, they identify the risks, and instruct and col aborate with other sectors to support a person dravja . and their family in need. The paper will present national norms and standards of com- čju z munity nurses, guidelines for the implementation of health care in the field of commu-dro nity care, the number of health professionals who carry out health care in the home, o by counties in 2022 and the distribution of the number of visits of community nurses to a p the older adults and the number of identified diseases and conditions in home health sti n care, by groups of diseases and age groups of users in Croatia in 2022. Conclusions: Complex interventions such as geriatric assessment and community mon-riložno itoring have the potential to support the older adults to live independently. The pron p grammes are comprehensive models of community care for the weak older adults and zzivi i community nurses are indispensable members of the interdisciplinary Gerontology/ i, i Geriatric Team in protecting the health of the older adults blem Keywords: nursing, health care, older adults, community pro 149 Sekcija/Section Uporaba IKT rešitev na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ICT solutions for health of working-age and older adults Vabljeno predavanje Dejavniki uporabe pametnih telefonov med starejšimi odraslimi: Oblikovanje stališč do uporabe in zaznane uporabnosti Simon Vrhovec1, Patrik Pucer2, Boštjan Žvanut2 1 Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za varnostne vede, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Prebivalstvo se postopoma stara tako v Sloveniji kot tudi drugod po Evropi. Pametni telefoni so v zadnjih letih postali univerzalno dostopni praktično vsem generacijam, vključno s starejšimi odraslimi. Kljub temu, da lahko pametni telefoni pripomorejo k obogatitvi vsakdanjega življenja starejših odraslih, pa opazen delež starejših odraslih pametnih telefonov nima ali ne uporablja. V okviru projekta e@ser smo se osredotočili na identifikacijo dejavnikov, povezanih z oblikovanjem stališč do uporabe in per-cepcij o uporabnosti, vključno z zaznanimi grožnjami pri uporabi pametnih telefonov. Metode: V tem prispevku bomo predstavili ključne ugotovitve presečne študije med starejšimi odraslimi v Sloveniji (N=535). Anketni vprašalnik je bil oblikovan za merje-dults nje 11 konstruktov: namera za uporabo, stališča do uporabe, subjektivna norma, preprostost uporabe, zaznana uporabnost, hedonistična motivacija, olajševalne okoliščilder a ne, zaznana grožnja, anksioznost, strah pred uporabo in zavračanje koristi. Povezave nd o med konstrukti smo testirali s strukturnim modeliranjem (CB-SEM) na celotnem vzor-ge a cu ter podvzorcih glede na uporabo pametnih telefonov. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave nakazujejo, da namero za uporabo dobro razlagajo su-rking-ao bjektivna norma, zaznana uporabnost in stališča do uporabe. Stališča do uporabe so f w povezana s hedonistično motivacijo, zaznano uporabnostjo in anksioznostjo. Zaznana uporabnost pa je povezana s preprostostjo uporabe, zavračanjem koristi, strahom ealth o pred uporabo in zaznano grožnjo. Pri vzorcu starejših odraslih, ki pametne telefone uporabljajo, je velikost učinka zaznane uporabnosti na namero za uporabo signifikantno nižja kot pri vzorcu starejših odraslih, ki pametnih telefonov ne uporabljajo. Med vzorcema se razlikujejo tudi dejavniki, povezanimi z zaznano uporabnostjo, saj je ve-draslih | h likost učinka preprostosti uporabe signifikantno nižja, velikost učinka zavračanja koristi pa signifikantno višja pri vzorcu starejših odraslih, ki pametne telefone uporabljajo. tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Raziskava ponuja vpogled v dejavnike sprejemanja pametnih tele-n s fonov med starejšimi odraslimi, vključno z zaznanimi grožnjami pri uporabi pametnih telefonov. Nakazala je na potrebo po ločenem obravnavanju starejših odraslih, ki pa-ktivnih i metne telefone uporabljajo, in tistih, ki jih ne. Objavo je sofinancirala Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije (J5-3111). elovno a Ključne besede: starejši odrasli, pametni telefoni, sprejemanje tehnologij, varna uporaba pametnih naprav zdravje d 152 Invited lecture Determinants of smartphone use among older adults: Shaping of attitude toward use and perceived usefulness Simon Vrhovec1, Patrik Pucer2, Boštjan Žvanut2 1 University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The population is gradual y aging both in Slovenia and elsewhere in Europe. In recent years, smartphones have become universal y available to virtual y al generations, including older adults. Even though smartphones can contribute to enriching the daily lives of older adults, a significant proportion of older adults do not own or use smartphones. As part of the e@ser project, we focused on the identification of factors related to the formation of attitude toward use and perceived usefulness, including perceived threats while using smartphones. Methods: In this contribution, we will present the key findings of a cross-sectional study . among older adults in Slovenia (N=535). The questionnaire was designed to measure 11 constructs: intention to use, attitude toward use, subjective norm, ease of use, per-ealth . ceived usefulness, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, perceived threats, anxi-r ho ety, fear of use, and rejection of benefits. Associations between constructs were test-ns f ed using structural modeling (CB-SEM) on the entire sample and sub-samples based on the use of smartphones. lutioo Results: The research results indicate that intention to use is well explained by subjec-ct s tive norm, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward use. Attitude toward use is re- .. | i lated to hedonic motivation, perceived usefulness, and anxiety. Perceived usefulness is related to ease of use, rejection of benefits, fear of use, and perceived threats. In dravja . the sample of older adults who use smartphones, the effect size of the association between perceived usefulness and intention to use is significantly lower than the effect čju z size in the sample of older adults who do not use smartphones. Factors associated droo with perceived usefulness also differ between the two samples, as the effect size of a p ease of use is significantly lower, while the effect size of rejection of benefits is significantly higher in the sample of older adults who use smartphones. ešitev n Discussion and conclusions: This study provides insights into the factors of smartphone kt r adoption among older adults, including perceived threats while using smartphones. It indicated the need to separately treat older adults who use smartphones and those raba i who do not. This work is partial y funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (J5-3111). upo Keywords: older adults, smartphones, technology adoption, secure use of smart devices 153 Uporaba umetne inteligence na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Marjeta Logar Čuček Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Umetna inteligenca (UI) prinaša številne pozitivne učinke, ki segajo na različna področja človekovega življenja. Razumemo jo lahko kot »strojni sistem«, ki za nabor ciljev, ki jih določi človek, lahko predvidi napovedi, opredeli priporočila ali odločitve v resničnih ali virtualnih okoljih z različnimi stopnjami avtonomije. Premika meje tako v tehnoloških zmogljivostih kot v načinu, kako uporabiti UI, med drugim tu-di v zdravstvu. Ključno je, da se UI ne dojema kot nadomestek za človeško delo, ampak kot orodje, ki lahko zaposlenim pomaga doseči ugodnejše rezultate dela, izboljšati stroškovno učinkovitost in razumeti zapletene medicinske in zdravstvene podatke. Implementacija UI v zdravstvene storitve zahteva kritično oceno etičnih in pravnih vidikov njene uporabe. Namen raziskave je prepoznati možnosti in pomen uporabe umetne inteligence na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih. Predstavitev vsebine: Zahteve po izboljšanju in kakovosti zdravstvenih storitev se zvišujejo. Pri doseganju tega cilja so nujne avtomatizirane rešitve; pomembno vlogo pri tem dults ima umetna inteligenca. Razvoj se osredotoča na gradnjo modelov, ki temeljijo na ob-sežnih zbirkah podatkov uspešno rešenih zdravstvenih primerov. Predpogoj za uvaja-lder a nje novih tehnologij je spreminjanje tradicionalnih kliničnih informacijskih sistemov z nd o omejenimi možnostmi analize podatkov. To vključuje digitalizacijo podatkov z različnih ge a ravni zdravstvenega varstva, s katerimi bo omogočen strojno berljiv elektronski zdravstveni karton. Raziskave kažejo, da uporaba UI v zdravstvu postaja vse pogostejša, rking-a z aplikacijami, ki segajo od presêjanja in triaže, kliničnega napovedovanja tveganja do o zgodnejše in natančnejše diagnoze. S časovno analizo pacientovih zdravstvenih težav, f w genetike in življenjskega sloga UI lahko priporoči oseben načrt zdravljenja, ki zajema ustrezno jemanje zdravil in kakovostno zdravljenje. UI lahko deluje tudi kot virtualni ealth o zdravstveni pomočnik, s katerim lahko pacient pridobiva ustrezne informacije o svoji bolezni in posledično izboljšuje svoje vključevanje v načrt zdravljenja. UI pomaga tudi pri razvoju učinkovitejših zdravil z manj stranskimi učinki. Rabo sodobne informacijske draslih | h tehnologije definira tudi aplikacija telemedicine. Vključuje zdravstveni posvet, diagnostiko in zdravljenje na daljavo. Prednosti so celostna oskrba pacienta ne glede na kraj bivanja, razpoložljivost pacientovih podatkov za strokovne posvete, možnost daljin-tarejših o skega obveščanja o spremembah zdravstvenega stanja pri kroničnih boleznih. UI lahko n s poenostavi tudi administrativne naloge v zdravstvenih zavodih. Hitrost in učinkovitost prispeva tudi k zmanjševanju stroškov in skupni finančni koristi zdravstvenega sistema. ktivnih i Prednostne naloge, ki jih je potrebno obravnavati v prihodnosti, vključujejo izobraževanje, raziskovanje in izkoriščanje potencialov na področju umetne inteligence na vseh ravneh študija v zdravstvu in ustvarjanje priložnosti za nadgradnjo znanja. Vodje bi mo-elovno a rali graditi organizacijske strukture, ki zaposlenim v zdravstvu omogočijo vključevanje v vse faze umetne inteligence, od razvoja do implementacije. zdravje d Sklepne ugotovitve: Razvijanje veščin novih tehnologij v zdravstvu zahteva nova znanja in vzpostavljanje zaupanja do umetne inteligence. Ob dejstvu, da ta tehnologija izbolj- ša delovna mesta in procese, je treba zagotoviti, da ne bo zmanjšana človeškost delovnega okolja in odnos do pacientov različnih generacij. Ključne besede: zdravstvo, razvoj novih tehnologij, izobraževanje, kakovost življenja 154 The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Health for Working-age Adults and Older Adults Marjeta Logar Čuček University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: Artificial intel igence (AI) brings numerous positive effects that extend to various aspects of human life. It can be understood as a “machine system” that, for a set of goals defined by humans, can make forecasts, formulate recommendations, or take decisions in real or virtual environments with varying degrees of autonomy. It pushes the boundaries both in technological capabilities and in the manner in which it is used, also in healthcare. It is crucial to perceive AI not as a substitute for human work, but as a tool that can help employees achieve more favorable work outcomes, improve cost-effectiveness, and better understand complex medical data. The implementation of AI in healthcare services requires a critical assessment of the ethical and legal aspects of its use. The purpose of the research is to identify the opportunities and significance of using artificial intel igence in the field of healthcare for working-age adults and older adults. . Content presentation: The demands for improvement and higher quality of healthcare services are increasing. Automated solutions are vital in order to achieve this goal, ealth . and artificial intel igence can play a significant role. Development is focused on building r ho models based on extensive databases of successful y solved healthcare cases. A prens f requisite for the introduction of new technologies is the transformation of traditional clinical information systems with limited data analysis capabilities. This includes digital-lutioo isation of data from various levels of healthcare, enabling a machine-readable elec-ct s tronic health record. Research indicates that the use of AI in healthcare is becoming .. | i increasingly common, with applications ranging from screening and triage to clinical risk prediction and faster, more accurate diagnoses. Using time analysis of a patient’s health issues, genetics, and lifestyle, AI can recommend a personalized treatment plan, dravja . including appropriate medication and high-quality care. AI can also function as a virtu- čju z al healthcare assistant, providing patients with relevant information about their condi-dro tion and thereby improving their engagement in their treatment plan. AI can also aid oa p in the development of more effective drugs with fewer side effects. The use of modern information technology is also defined by telemedicine applications, which include remote healthcare consultations, diagnostics, and treatment. Advantages include in-ešitev n tegrated patient care regardless of their physical location, availability of patient data kt r for expert consultations, and the possibility of remote notification of changes in health raba i status in chronic diseases. AI can also simplify administrative tasks in healthcare insti-upo tutions, and in this way contribute to speed, efficiency, and cost reduction, resulting in overall financial benefits to the healthcare system. Priorities to be addressed in the future include education, research and exploiting the potential of AI at all levels of study in healthcare, and creating opportunities to build on knowledge. Leaders should build organisational structures that enable healthcare staff to be involved in all phases of AI, from development to implementation. Conclusions: Developing skil s in new technologies in healthcare requires new knowledge and building trust in AI. While this technology improves workplaces and processes, it is important to ensure that the humanity of the work environment and the relationship with patients of different generations is not diminished. Keywords: healthcare, development of new technologies, education, quality of life 155 Kako učinkovita je uporaba mobilne aplikacije pri izboljšanju znanja in ozaveščenosti o škodljivosti alkohola? Sandra Radoš Krnel1, Igor Pravst2,3,4, Maša Hribar2, Bojan Blažica5, Anita Kušar2 1 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Inštitut za nutricionistiko, Ljubljana, Slovenija 3 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenija 4 VIST – Fakulteta za aplikativne vede, Ljubljana, Slovenija 5 Inštitut Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: V večini sodobnih družb so zdravstvena tveganja, povezana z življenjskim slogom, kot so prekomerna telesna teža, raba alkohola in tobaka, stres na delovnem mestu in telesna nedejavnost, postala vseprisotna. Dejavniki tveganja, povezani z življenjskim slogom, slabo vplivajo na počutje in imajo pomembno vlogo pri nastanku številnih kroničnih bolezni. Posledice se kažejo tudi pri delovno aktivni populaciji in sicer kot zmanjšana delovna sposobnost, manjša produktivnost, odsotnost z dela in prezenti-zem. V zadnjih desetletjih je prišlo do hitrega razvoja novih informacijsko komunikacijskih tehnologij, vključno z mobilnimi aplikacijami, ki odpirajo nove možnosti za zagotavljanje zdravstvenih informacij in intervencij za spremembo vedenja. Kljub velikemu dults številu različnih mobilnih aplikacij pa je aplikacij za izboljšanje ozaveščenosti o škodljivosti alkohola razmeroma malo. Namen naše raziskave je bil oceniti, ali je mogoče z lder a mobilno aplikacijo izboljšati znanje in ozaveščenost o tveganjih in škodljivosti alkohola. nd o Metode: Aplikacija za pametne telefone, imenovana „VešKajJeš“ (VKJ), uporabnikom ge a omogoča skeniranje črtne kode izbranega živila in prejem povratnih informacij o pre-hranskem profilu; za alkoholne pijače zagotavlja informacije o vsebnosti alkohola in rking-a ocenjeni energijski vrednosti skupaj z enajstimi zdravstvenimi sporočili/opozorili o o tveganjih in škodljivosti alkohola, ki se naključno vrtijo na zaslonu. Da bi ocenili, ali sta f w se znanje in ozaveščenost uporabnikov aplikacije VKJ o tveganjih in škodljivostih, povezanih s pitjem alkoholnih pijač, po izpostavljenosti zdravstvenim sporočilom spre-ealth o menila, smo v okviru nadgradnje aplikacije izvedli anketo pred intervencijo in po njej. Rezultati: Pri osmih od dvanajstih testiranih zdravstvenih opozoril so bile ugotovljene pomembne razlike v znanju in ozaveščenosti o tveganjih in škodljivosti, povezanih s pi-draslih | h tjem alkoholnih pijač. Izboljšanje je bilo v večji meri opazno v skupini visoko tveganih pivcev. Rezultati so tudi pokazali, da velika večina udeležencev (78 %), ki so bili izpo-tarejših o stavljeni zdravstvenim sporočilom, podpira obvezno označevanje alkoholnih pijač z in-n s formacijami o sestavinah in energijski vrednosti, 72 % pa bi jih želelo imeti zdravstvena opozorila na pijačah, ki vsebujejo alkohol. ktivnih i Razprava in zaključek: Naša študija je pokazala, da lahko zdravstvena opozorila, pred-stavljena v mobilni aplikaciji kot pisna sporočila skupaj s piktogrami, izboljšajo znanje in povečajo ozaveščenost o tveganjih in škodljivosti alkohola. Uporabniki aplikaci-elovno a je VKJ so imeli po intervenciji bistveno boljše znanje o škodi in tveganjih, povezanih z alkoholom, na šestih področjih, ki obravnavajo vpliv alkohola na pojav nasilja, nesreč zdravje d in poškodb, vpliv na razvoj možganov ter pojav duševnih težav, rakastih obolenj in odvisnosti od alkohola. Največja razlika v ozaveščenosti je bila ugotovljena pri sporočilu „Alkohol lahko povzroči raka“, ki je bilo med udeleženci študije najmanj poznano tveganje. Da pa bi vplivali ne le na znanje, temveč tudi na vedenje, povezano s pitjem, je treba te intervencije podpreti in okrepiti z drugimi politikami, ki vplivajo na rabo alkohola. Ključne besede: mobilna aplikacija, alkohol, zdravstvena opozorila, z alkoholom povezana škoda, ozaveščenost 156 How effective a mobile app is in improving knowledge and awareness of alcoholrelated harm? Sandra Radoš Krnel1, Igor Pravst2,3,4, Maša Hribar2, Bojan Blažica5, Anita Kušar2 1 National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 VIST – Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia 5 Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Lifestyle related health risks, such as overweight, use of alcohol and to-bacco, work stress, and physical inactivity, have become pervasive in most modern societies. These risk factors have a debilitating impact on the wel being of citizens and play a major role in the onset of many chronic diseases. As a result, working life is affected due to impaired work ability, decreased productivity, absenteeism, and pre-senteeism. In recent decades, there has been a rapid development of new technologies, including specific tools such as mobile apps, which open up new opportunities for delivering health information and behaviour change interventions. However, despite . the large number of different mobile apps, apps for improving awareness about alcohol-related harm are relatively scarce. The aim of our research was to assess wheth-ealth . er knowledge and awareness of the risks and harms associated with alcohol can be im-r h proved with a mobile app. o ns f Methods: A smartphone application called “VešKajJeš” (VKJ) enables users to scan the barcode of a selected food item and receive feedback on its nutritional profile; for al-lutioo coholic beverages it provides information on alcoholic content and estimated energy ct s value together with eleven health messages/warnings about the risks and harms of al- .. | i cohol randomly rotating on the screen. To assess if the knowledge and awareness of users of the VKJ app about the risks and harms associated with drinking alcohol, was changed after exposure to the health messages we conducted the survey before and dravja . after the intervention in the context of application upgrade. čju z Results: Significant differences in knowledge and awareness of the risks and harms droo associated with drinking alcohol were found for eight of the twelve tested health warn-a p ings. The improvement was seen to a greater extent in the group of high-risk drink-ers. The results also showed that the vast majority of participants (78%) who were ešitev n exposed to the health messages supported mandatory label ing of alcoholic beverag-kt r es with information on ingredient listing and energy value, and 72% would like to have health warnings on alcohol products. raba i Discussion and conclusions: Our study showed that health warnings presented at mobile upo app as written messages together with pictograms can improve knowledge and raise awareness of the risks and harms related to alcohol. The users of the VKJ app had a significantly better knowledge of alcohol-related harm and risks after the intervention in six domains considering the impact of alcohol on risk of violence, accidents and injuries, brain development, development of mental health problems, cancer, and alcohol dependence. The highest difference in awareness was found when communicating “Alcohol can cause cancer”, which was the least known risk among the study participants. However, in order to influence not just knowledge, but also drinking behaviour, these interventions need to be supported and reinforced by other policies that influence alcohol consumption. Keywords: Mobile app, Alcohol, Health warnings, Alcohol-related harm, Awareness 157 Preventivno delovanje medicinskih sester med delovno aktivnim prebivalstvom Gordana Stanić, Radica Tasić Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Srbija Uvod: Preventivni pregledi za delovno aktivno prebivalstvo se izvajajo pred zaposlitvi-jo, občasno kot zdravstveni nadzor v zvezi s posameznimi poklici, ki jih zaposleni opravljajo, in kot splošni zdravstveni pregledi za delavce, ko potekajo organizirane preventivne in zdravstveno vzgojne dejavnosti. Ti pregledi so namenjeni ohranjanju in krepitvi zdravja delavcev. V okviru primarnega zdravstvenega varstva medicinske sestre nudijo podporo delovno aktivnemu prebivalstvu, izvajajo vse preventivne zdravstveno vzgojne dejavnosti, sodelujejo s službami medicine dela ter sodelujejo pri izvajanju preventivnih pregledov za zgodnje odkrivanje poklicnih bolezni in preprečevanje poškodb pri delu. Cilj raziskave je bil predstaviti aktivnosti medicinskih sester pri preventivnih pregledih med delovno aktivnim prebivalstvom. Metode: Naša študija predstavlja integrativni pregled obstoječih raziskav o krepitvi zdravja in dejavnosti zdravstvene nege pri preventivnih pregledih med delovno aktivnim prebivalstvom. Izvedli smo sistematičen pregled literature, objavljene v zbirkah dults podatkov, kot so Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science in Scopus, od leta 2019 do 2024. Analiziranih je bilo skupno 34 od 412 identificiranih objavljenih študij. lder a Rezultati: Našli smo informacije o teoretičnih osnovah praks krepitve zdravja in izvaja-nd o nja funkcionalne diagnostike kot dejavnosti zdravstvene nege pri preventivnih pregle-ge a dih. Medicinska sestra je ključna oseba, ki ima znanja in veščine za samostojno sodelovanje, kot član tima ali s specialisti medicine dela, pri izvajanju funkcionalne diagnostike. rking-ao Sem spadajo antropometrične meritve delavcev (merjenje višine in teže, določanje in-f w deksa telesne mase), merjenje ravni glukoze v krvi, funkcionalna diagnostika srčno-žilnega sistema (merjenje pulza in krvnega tlaka, elektrokardiografija), ocene dihalnega sistema (spirometrija, kožno alergotestiranje, izobraževanje delavcev), diagnostiko av-ealth o dio-vestibularnega aparata (avdiometrija) in oceno vida (testiranje ostrine vida, hitrosti reakcije na temo in svetlobo). Poleg tega so medicinske sestre vključene v izvajanje programov promocije zdravja, namenjenih ohranjanju in izboljšanju zdravja delovno draslih | h aktivnega prebivalstva, kar jim omogoča krepitev zdravstvenega nadzora tako na delovnem mestu kot v vsakdanjem življenju. tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Raziskave kažejo, da medicinske sestre še vedno nimajo jasno n s opredeljene vloge pri promociji zdravja delovno aktivnega prebivalstva. Namesto tega njihovo delovanje pri preventivnih pregledih temelji na znanju in zagotavljanju storitev ktivnih i funkcionalne diagnostike za oceno zdravja delavcev. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, da bi ugotovili, kako vključiti dejavnosti promocije zdravja medicinskih sester v storitve, posebej zasnovane za delovno populacijo. elovno a Ključne besede: dejavnost medicinske sestre, preventivni pregledi, delovno aktivna populacija zdravje d 158 Preventive activities of nurses among the working population Gordana Stanić, Radica Tasić Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction: Preventive examinations for the working population are conducted before employment, periodical y as health surveil ance related to the specific occupations performed by employees, and as general health check-ups for workers when organized preventive and health education activities take place. These examinations aim to preserve and enhance workers’ health. Within primary health care, nurses provide support to the working population, carry out al preventive health education activities, col aborate with occupational health services, and participate in conducting preventive screenings for early detection of occupational diseases and prevention of work-related injuries. The research objective was to present the activities of nurses in preventive examinations among the working population. Methods: Our study represents an integrative review of existing research studies on health promotion and nursing activities in preventive examinations among the working population. We conducted a systematic review of literature published in databas- . es such as Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2019 to 2024. A total of 34 out of 412 identified published studies were analyzed. ealth . r h Results: We found information about the theoretical basis of health promotion prac-o tices and the implementation of functional diagnostics as nursing activities in preven-ns f tive examinations. The nurse is a key person who has the knowledge and skil s to independently participate, as a team member or with occupational medicine specialists, lutioo in conducting functional diagnostics. These include anthropometric measurements of ct s workers (measuring height and weight, determining body mass index), blood glucose .. | i level testing, cardiovascular system functional diagnostics (pulse and blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography), respiratory system assessments (spirometry, dravja . skin al ergy testing, education of workers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), audio-vestibular system diagnostics (audiometry), and vision assessment (visual čju z acuity testing, reaction speed to darkness and light). Additional y, nurses are involved droo in implementing health promotion programs aimed at preserving and improving the a p health of the working population, al owing them to enhance health control both in the workplace and in their daily lives. ešitev n Discussion and conclusions: According to most research, nurses still do not have a clear- kt r ly defined role in health promotion for the working population. Instead, their activities during preventive examinations are based on knowledge and providing functional di- raba i agnostic services to assess workers’ health. Further research is needed to determine upo how to incorporate nurses’ health promotion activities into services specifical y de- signed for the working population Keywords: nurse’s activities, preventive examinations, working population 159 Digitalizacija zdravstenega sistema Olja Vori1, Radmila Pavličić2 1 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Hrvaška 2 Libertas International university, Zagreb, Hrvaška Uvod in namen: Tehnološke inovacije so postale sestavni del našega vsakdana, kot so nosljive in informacijske tehnologije, virtualna resničnost in internet so stvari, ki prispevajo k transformaciji poslovanja in delovanja v zdravstvu. Predstavitev vsebine: Vzdržnost in kakovost delovanja zdravstvenih sistemov sta pomemben pokazatelj splošne kakovosti življenja prebivalcev. Na pacienta osredotoče-no zdravstvo zahteva uvajanje novih tehnologij ter visoko stopnjo digitalizacije podatkov in procesov. V tem smislu je nujna digitalizacija zdravstvenih sistemov, kar zahteva zamenjavo obstoječih načinov dela z digitalnimi tehnologijami. Uvajanje sprememb v zdravstvu zahteva aktivno vlogo vodstva v procesu digitalizacije. Obvladovanje sprememb v zdravstvu se pri uveljavljanju procesnega pristopa sooča s številnimi izzivi. Pravilna ocena trenutnega stanja in potreb, ki jih zahteva sprememba procesa, je izjemno pomembna pri odločitvi za uvedbo novih procesov. Za uspešno uvajanje sprememb je potrebno vključiti strokovnjake, izobraževati zdravstveni kader, sprejeti ja-dults sne strateške cilje z analizo načrta in aktivnosti. Timsko delo, motivacija zaposlenih in jasna komunikacija so predpogoji za učinkovito upravljanje sprememb in uspeh projek-lder a ta. Prednosti takšnega pristopa zagotavljajo sistematično spremljanje in obvladovanje nd o sprememb in izzivov, ki jih prinašajo. Namen prispevka je predstaviti, kako lahko digi-ge a talizacija zdravstvenega sistema z uporabo naprednih tehnologij igra pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju personalizirane zdravstvene oskrbe, ki prispeva k boljšemu upravlja-rking-a nju zdravstvenih virov z boljšimi rezultati zdravljenja. Implementacija digitalnih tehno-o logij je prepoznana kot prihodnost podpore zdravstvenemu sistemu, katerega cilj je f w vzdržen in kakovosten zdravstveni sistem, osredotočen na bolnika. Sklepi: Digitalizacija poti zdravil predstavlja model, ki bi zdravstvenemu sistemu omo-ealth o gočil celovito in pregledno spremljanje porabe zdravil kot najpogostejše medicinske intervencije vseh sodobnih zdravstvenih sistemov na svetu. draslih | h Ključne besede: zdravstveni sistem, na bolnika osredotočeno zdravstvo, digitalizacija zdravstva, upravljanje sprememb tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 160 Digitalization of the drug way Olja Vori1, Radmila Pavličić2 1 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Libertas International university, Zagreb, Croatia Introduction and purpose: Technological innovations have become an integral part of our daily life, such as wearable and information technologies, virtual reality and the Internet are things that contribute to the transformation of business and operations in healthcare. Content presentation: The sustainability and quality of functioning of health systems are an important indicator of the general quality of life of the population. Patient-centered healthcare requires the introduction of new technologies and a high degree of digitization of data and processes. In this sense, it is necessary to digitize healthcare systems, which requires replacing existing ways of working with digital technologies. Introducing changes in healthcare requires management to take an active role in the digitization process. Management of change in healthcare faces a number of chal enges in implementing a process approach. A proper assessment of the current situation . and the needs required by the process change is extremely important when making a decision to implement new processes. For the successful introduction of changes, it ealth . is necessary to involve experts, educate health personnel, adopt clear strategic goals r ho with an analysis of the plan and activities. Teamwork, staff motivation and clear com-ns f munication are prerequisites for effective change management and project success. The advantages of such an approach ensure systematic monitoring and management lutioo of changes and the chal enges they bring. The aim of the paper is to present how dig-ct s italization of the health system, with the use of advanced technologies, can play a sig- .. | i nificant role in providing personalized health care, which contributes to better management of health resources with better treatment outcomes. The implementation of digital technologies is recognized as the future of health system support, which aims to dravja . have a sustainable and high-quality patient-centered health system. čju z Conclusions: Digitization of the drug path represents a model that would enable the droo health system to ful y and transparently monitor the consumption of drugs as the most a p common medical intervention of all modern health systems in the world. Keywords: healthcare system, patient-centered healthcare, digitization of healthcare, ešitev n change management kt r raba i upo 161 Vloga naprednih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologij pri obvladovanju množičnih nesreč: preliminarni rezultati mednarodne Delfi študije Primož Režek1,2, Boštjan Žvanut2 1Zdravstveni dom Škofja Loka, Škofja Loka, Slovenija 2Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Uporaba napredne informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT) pri izboljšanju kriznega upravljanja in odločanja v primeru množičnih nesreč (MN) je razmeroma slabo raziskano področje. Cilj pričujoče študije je identificirati in sistematično predstaviti mnenja slovenskih in tujih strokovnjakov o izzivih in priložnostih uporabe IKT v kriznem upravljanju MN. Metode: V prispevku so predstavljeni preliminarni rezultati prvega kroga e-Delfi študije, ki je potekal od 10. 2. do 1. 3. 2024. Sodelovalo je 25 mednarodnih strokovnjakov s področja zdravstva in informatike, ki so bili izbrani na podlagi njihovega strokovnega znanja in prispevkov k digitalizaciji kriznega upravljanja. Za zbiranje mnenj smo uporabili vprašalnik odprtega tipa. Podatki so bili sistematično analizirani z uporabo kvalitativne vsebinske analize. dults Rezultati: Identificirali smo šest ključnih tem: 1. oceno trenutnega stanja digitalizaci-lder a je, 2. integracijo digitalnih tehnologij, 3. uporabo tehnologij za usposabljanje, 4. uporabo tehnologij za dokumentiranje in komunikacijo, 5. izzive pri sprejemanju IKT nd o ter 6. smernice za prihodnost. Slovenski strokovnjaki so izrazili zaskrbljenost zara-ge a di omejene uporabe digitalizacije v kriznem upravljanju MN, kljub razpoložljivim rešitvam. Tuji strokovnjaki so poudarili napredek pri uporabi tehnologij, kot sta obogat-rking-a ena resničnost (AR) in GPS sledenje, kar omogoča izboljšano krizno upravljanje in o natančnejše usposabljanje. Strokovnjaki so tudi opozorili na zakonodajne omejitve, fi-f w nančne ovire in odpor do sprememb, ki lahko ovirajo širšo implementacijo sodobnih tehnologij. Predstavljena ugotovitve so osnova za oblikovanje vprašalnika drugega kro-ealth o| h ga Delfi študije. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskava zapolnjuje pomembno vrzel v literaturi z analizo draslih mnenj strokovnjakov o vlogi IKT pri obvladovanju MN. Ponuja uvid v širšo implementacijo IKT v MN, s poudarkom na nujnosti nadaljnjih raziskav, ki bi obravnavale ekonomske, tehnične in logistične vidike implementacije teh tehnologij. Strokovnjaki se tarejših o strinjajo, da ima uvedba IKT velik potencial za izboljšanje učinkovitosti in uspešnos-n s ti reševalnih ekip v MCI. Ključne besede: množične nesreče, Informacijsko in komunikacijske tehnologije, zdrav-ktivnih i stvo, krizno upravljanje, Delfi študija elovno a zdravje d 162 The role of advanced information and communication technologies in mass casualty incidents: preliminary results of an international Delphi study Primož Režek1,2, Boštjan Žvanut2 1Community Health Centre Škofja Loka, Škofja Loka, Slovenia 2University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in enhancing crisis management and decision-making processes during mass casualty incidents (MCIs) is an unresearched field. The objective of this study was to identify and systematical y present the opinions of Slovenian and international experts about the chal enges and opportunities associated with the application of ICT in MCI crisis management. Methods: In the presentation, the results of the first phase of an e-Delphi study conducted between 10 February and 1 March 2024 are presented. In this phase participated 25 international experts in healthcare and informatics, were selected based on their expertise and contributions to the digitalization of MCI crisis management. An open-ended questionnaire was used to col ect their opinion. Qualitative content anal- . ysis was adopted to systematical y analyze the data. Results: We have identified six key themes: 1. an assessment of the current state of dig-ealth . r h itization, 2. the integration of digital technologies, 3. the use of technologies for train-o ing, 4. the use of technologies for documentation and communication, 5. chal enges ns f to ICT adoption and 6. future directions. Slovenian experts expressed concern about the limited use of digitalization in MN crisis management, despite the availability of lutioo software solutions. Foreign experts highlighted the progress in the use of technolo-ct s gies such as Augmented Reality (AR) and GPS tracking, which al ow for improved crisis .. | i management and more accurate training. Experts also pointed out legal constraints, financial barriers, and resistance to change as potential obstacles to the wider use of dravja . modern technologies. These findings form the basis for the design of the questionnaire for the phase 2 Delphi study. čju z dro Discussion and conclusions: This study fil s an important gap in the literature by analyzing o expert consensus on the role of ICT in the management of MCI. It provides actual in-a p sight into the wider implementation of ICT in MCI and highlights the need for further research to address the economic, technical, and logistical aspects of implementing ešitev n these technologies. Experts agree that the introduction of ICT has great potential to kt r improve the efficiency and effectiveness of MCI rescue teams. raba i Keywords: mass casualty incidents, information and communication technology, health-upo care, crisis management, Delphi study 163 Posterji Poster presentations Ustna higiena in uporaba zobnih past s fluoridi pri odraslih v Sloveniji v 2019 Barbara Artnik1, Martin Ranfl2 1 Univerza v Ljubljani, Medicinska fakulteta, Katedra za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Območna enota Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenija Uvod: Predstavljamo rezultate »Nacionalne raziskave o ustnem zdravju odraslih v Sloveniji leta 2019«, s katero smo prvič na nacionalni ravni ugotavljali raven skrbi za ustno zdravje med odraslimi. Namen raziskave je bil oceniti stanje na področju skrbi za ustno zdravje odraslih in oblikovati priporočila za njegovo promocijo. Podrobneje poročamo o rezultatih in ugotovitvah v povezavi z ustno higieno in uporabo fluoridov. Metode: Ciljna populacija so bili odrasli, stari med 18 in 74 let. Vzorec, reprezentati-ven za spol in starost, je zajemal 3.200 odraslih (0,21 % te populacije v Sloveniji). Anketiranje smo izvedli s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika EGOHID. Podatki so bili uteženi po spolu, starosti in izobrazbi. Interpretacija rezultatov je temeljila na številu in dele- žih oseb v izbranih kategorijah glede na demografske spremenljivke (spol, starost, izobrazba, bivalno okolje) in druge spremenljivke (pogostost čiščenja zob in podobno). dults Porazdelitve deležev med različnimi skupinami (po spolu, starosti izobrazbi in bivalnem okolju) smo testirali s testom hi-kvadrat (χ2) in testom CCP (angl. Column Com-lder a parison Proprotion test) za primerjavo deležev med različnimi skupinami. nd o Rezultati: 71 % odraslih si redno (vsaj dvakrat dnevno) čisti zobe, od tega 81 % žensk in ge a 60 % moških (test χ2 = 49,879, p < 0,001; test CCP, p < 0,001). Vsaj dvakrat dnevno si čisti zobe le 59 % odraslih z največ osnovnošolsko izobrazbo, 68 % s srednješolsko izo-rking-a brazbo in 82 % z najmanj višješolsko izobrazbo (test χ2 = 24,965, p < 0,001), vendar le o v primerjavi z osebami z najmanj višješolsko izobrazbo (test CCP, p < 0,001). V vaškem f w bivalnem okolju, kjer si redno čisti zobe 62 % odraslih, je opaziti manjši delež v primerjavi z osebami iz mestnega (78 %) ali primestnega okolja (76 %) (test χ2 = 26,466, p < ealth o| h 0,001; test CCP, p < 0,004). Večina odraslih pri čiščenju zob uporablja zobno pasto. Med njimi jih 64 % uporablja zobno pasto, ki vsebuje fluoride, 14 % jih uporablja zobno pasto brez fluoridov, 23 % pa jih ne ve, ali njegova zobna pasta vsebuje fluoride. Zob-draslih no nitko redno ali občasno uporablja 64 % odraslih, medzobno ščetko redno ali občasno uporablja 52 % odraslih in strgalo za jezik redno ali občasno uporablja 23 % odra-tarejših o slih. Več statističnih značilnosti je prikazanih v celotnem prispevku. n s Razprava in zaključki: Čiščenje zob z zobno pasto, ki vsebuje fluoride, vsaj dvakrat dnevno ter enkrat dnevno uporabo medzobne ščetke in/ali zobne nitke ter strgala ktivnih i za jezik se priporočajo kot učinkovit ukrep za preprečevanje bolezni ustnega predela. Krepiti je treba tudi ozaveščanje o pomenu čiščenja zob za ciljne populacije glede na starost, izobrazbo, bivalno okolje. Ugotovitve in priporočila za izboljšanje ustnega elovno a zdravja predstavljajo korak k zmanjšanju bremena bolezni ustnega predela ter stro- škov v sistemu (zobo)zdravstvenega varstva. zdravje d Ključne besede: ustno zdravje, odrasli, ustna higiena, fluoridi 166 Oral hygiene and the use of fluoride toothpastes in adults in Slovenia in 2019 Barbara Artnik1, Martin Ranfl2 1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 National Institute of Public Health, Regional Unit Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia Introduction: We present the results of the »National Oral Health Survey of Adults in Slovenia in 2019«, which for the first time determined the level of oral health care in adults at the national level. The aim of our study was to assess the state of oral health in adults and make recommendations for its promotion. We report in detail the results and findings in relation to oral hygiene and fluoride use. Methods: The target population was adults aged 18–74 years. The gender- and age-representative sample comprised 3,200 adults (0.21% of the population in Slovenia). The survey was conducted using the EGOHID questionnaire. The data were weighted by gender, age and education. The results were analysed based on the number and proportion of people in the selected categories according to demographic variables (gens der, age, education, living environment) and other variables (frequency of dental clean-ing, etc.). The distribution of proportions between different groups (by gender, age, tation education and living environment) were tested using the chi-square (χ2) test and the CCP test to compare proportions between different groups. resen p Results: 71% of adults brushed their teeth regularly (at least twice a day), of which 81% stero were women and 60% men (χ2 test=49.879, p<0.001; CCP test, p<0.001). Only 59% ji | p of adults with at least primary education, 68% of adults with secondary education and ster 82% of adults with at least tertiary education brushed their teeth at least twice a day po (χ2 test=24.965, p<0.001), but only compared to adults with at least tertiary education (CCP test, p<0.001). In rural areas, where 62% of adults regularly brushed their teeth, the proportion was lower than among adults in urban (78%) or suburban areas (76%) (χ2 test=26.466, p<0.001; CCP test, p<0.004). Most adults used toothpaste when brushing their teeth. Of these, 64% used toothpaste with fluoride, 14% used toothpaste without fluoride and 23% did not know whether their toothpaste contained fluoride. Dental floss was used regularly or occasional y by 64% of adults, an interdental brush was used regularly or occasional y by 52% of adults, and a tongue scraper was used regularly or occasional y by 23% of adults. Further statistical data are included in the paper. Discussion and conclusions: Brushing teeth at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and interdental brushing and/or flossing and tongue scraping once daily are recommended as effective measures to prevent oral disease. There is also a need to raise awareness of the importance of dental hygiene among the target population in terms of age, education and living environment. The results and recommendations for improving oral health are a step towards reducing the burden of oral diseases and costs in the (dental) healthcare system. Keywords: oral health, adults, oral hygiene, fluorides 167 Prehranjevalne navade v terapevtski komuni Tija Božič, Tamara Poklar Vatovec Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Terapevtsko komuno Skupnost Srečanje je ustanovil duhovnik italijanskega ro-du, Pierino Gelmini, ki jo je leta 1994 odprl v Novi Gorici. Odvisniki od prepovedanih substanc se soočajo s problemom uživanja hrane, saj lahko kronična uporaba substanc vodi do beljakovinsko-energijske podhranjenosti, pomanjkanja vitaminov, izčrpanosti in zmanjšanja mišične mase. Ob abstinenci je lahko uživanje hrane zelo zahtevno, saj je povezano z negativnimi čustvi in tesnobo. V hrani iščejo tolažilen odziv, kar lahko vo-di v povečanje telesne mase. Pomembno je ozaveščanje o pomenu zdrave prehrane in spodbujanju zdravih prehranjevalnih navad za hitrejše okrevanje v terapevtski komuni. Metode: Z metodo opazovanja smo ocenili prehranjevalne navade udeležencev terapevtske komune Skupnost Srečanje, katerim smo opravili tudi meritev sestave telesa z bioelektričnim impedančnim analizatorjem. Izmerili smo jim telesno maso, odstotek tekočine v telesu, mišično maso, skupno in visceralno maščobo, ter metabolno starost. Analizirali smo naključni ponujeni tedenski jedilnik in ugotavljali prehranski vnos udeležencev ter ocenili njihovo prehrano z računalniškim programom OPKP. V razi-dults skavi je sodelovalo sedem udeležencev moškega spola, starih med 21 in 34 let. lder a Rezultati: Po pridobljenih antropometričnih meritvah smo ugotovili, da udeleženci glede na indeks telesne mase, ki je znašal 26,5 kg/m² spadajo v kategorijo čezmerno nd o hranjenih. Vendar pa sta parametra deleža maščobe (19,43 %) in visceralne maščo-ge a be (4,79) bila v priporočenem obsegu, mišična masa pa višja od priporočene (65,5 kg; priporočeno 45,1–52,9 kg), zato smo zaključili, da so udeleženci normalno hranjeni. rking-ao Režim prehranjevanja v terapevtski komuni je točno določen po sestavljenem urniku. f w Trije glavni obroki si sledijo na pet do sedem ur, kar pa glede na priporočila ni ravno ugodno, še posebej ker so ti obroki energijsko obilni. Čeprav udeleženci zaužijejo le tri obroke dnevno v večini dosegajo svoje dnevne energijske potrebe, ki znašajo 13.027,4 ealth o kJ (3.101,8 kcal) v primerjavi s priporočenimi 13.770,3 kJ (3.278,6 kcal); prav tako pa so skladni s smernicami tudi energijski deleži hranil (15 % beljakovin, 25 % maščob in 54 % ogljikovih hidratov ter 9 % enostavnih sladkorjev in 7 % nasičenih maščobnih ki-draslih | h slin). Zaskrbljujoče so predvsem vrednosti natrija, ki so bile presežene za več kot dva-kratno vrednost priporočenega vnosa (zaužito 5.286 mg, priporočilo 2.000 mg). To tarejših o vrednost gre pripisati predvsem velikim količinam kruha in suhomesnatih izdelkov, ki n s jih udeleženci vsakodnevno zaužijejo. Glede na velike količine zaužitega polnozrnate-ga kruha, pa ugotavljamo tudi višjo vsebnost zaužitih prehranskih vlaknin (37,9 g) v primerjavi s priporočili (30 g). ktivnih i Razprava in zaključki: Udeleženci terapevtske komune se poskušajo približati zdravemu življenjskemu slogu, a vendar jim ostaja še veliko prostora za izboljšave. Pomemb-elovno a no je, da slabe prehranjevalne navade prepoznajo in jih poskušajo spremeniti ter to znanje prenesti v življenje po terapevtski komuni. zdravje d Ključne besede: prehranjevalne navade, režim prehrane, pomen zdrave prehrane, prehrana v terapevtski komuni 168 Eating habits in therapeutic community Tija Božič, Tamara Poklar Vatovec University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: The therapeutic community Skupnost Srečanje was founded by the Italian priest Pierino Gelmini, who opened it in Nova Gorica in 1994. Addicts of il icit substances face a problem with food intake, as chronic substance use can lead to protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, exhaustion, and reduced muscle mass. During abstinence, food consumption can be chal enging due to negative emotions and anxiety. Individuals often seek comfort in food, which can lead to weight gain. It is important to raise awareness about the importance of healthy eating and promote healthy eating habits for faster recovery in the therapeutic community. Methods: Using observational methods, we evaluated the dietary habits of participants in the therapeutic community Skupnost Srečanje, and conducted body composition measurements using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. We measured their body weight, body fluid percentage, muscle mass, total and visceral fat, and metabolic age. We analysed a randomly offered weekly menu and assessed participants‘ dietary intake s using the OPKP computer program. The study involved seven male participants aged between 21 and 34 years. tation Results: Based on anthropometric measurements, we found that participants, with a resen body mass index of 26.5 kg/m², fell into the overweight category. However, fat perp centage (19.43%) and visceral fat (4.79) were within recommended ranges, as muscle stero mass was higher than recommended (65.5 kg; recommended 45.1–52.9 kg), indica-ji | p ting that participants were adequately nourished. The dietary regime in the therapeu-ster tic community fol ows a precise schedule, with three main meals spaced every five to po seven hours. Although participants consume only three meals daily, they mostly meet their daily energy requirements of 13,027.4 kJ (3,101.8 kcal), compared to the recommended 13,770.3 kJ (3,278.6 kcal). Furthermore, they comply with nutritional guidelines for energy proportions (15% protein, 25% fat, and 54% carbohydrates, with 9% simple sugars and 7% saturated fatty acids). The sodium values were particularly concerning, exceeding recommended intake by more than twice (consumed 5,286 mg, recommended 2,000 mg). This can be attributed to the high consumption of bread and processed meat products. Additional y, due to the high intake of whole grain bread, participants also consumed higher levels of dietary fibre (37.9 g) compared to recommendations (30 g). Discussion and Conclusion: Participants in the therapeutic community strive to adopt a healthy lifestyle, but there is still room for improvement. It is important for them to recognize and try to change unhealthy eating habits and to transfer this knowledge in-to their lives after the therapeutic community. Keywords: eating habits, dietary regime, healthy food promotion, nutrition in therapeutic community 169 Regionalni poslovni zajtrk kot priložnost za vključitev v delovno aktivne odrasle Natalija Brečko Šolski center Šentjur, Višja strokovna šola, Šentjur, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Na Šolskem centru Šentjur, Višji strokovni šoli skrbimo za zagotavljanje kakovosti na področju vzgojno izobraževalnega dela in s tem karierni razvoj študentov. Izvedba Regionalnega poslovnega zajtrka je eden izmed tovrstnih dogodkov, katerega cilji so: povezovanje predstavnikov podjetij in višjih strokovnih šol z namenom še bolj kakovostne izvedbe praktičnega izobraževanja in možnosti zaposlitve, povezovanja delodajalcev s študenti, predstavitev pričakovanja/želja delodajalcev ter študentov, izmenjava mnenj med delodajalci in šolo ter študenti. Predstavitev vsebine: Regionalnega poslovnega zajtrka se je udeležilo 24 predstavnikov podjetij ter predstavniki Skupnost višjih strokovnih šol in predstavnica Občine Šentjur. Predstavili so se vsi delodajalci do katerih so lahko študentje pristopili ter si od njih pridobili podatke, ki so jih zanimali. Na zajtrk z delodajalci so bili povabljeni študenti na- ših višješolskih študijskih programov Gostinstvo in turizem, Naravovarstvo, Upravljanje podeželja in krajine, Živilstvo in prehrana. Srečanje smo organizirali z namenom dults povezovanja delodajalcev s študenti, ki jih lahko skozi praktično izobraževanje spozna-jo in sooblikujejo v bodoče sodelavce. Vsa sodelujoča podjetja so imela na razpola-lder a go mize za pogovor in predstavitvene materiale. Ves čas je bil na razpolago zajtrk ob nd o katerem je potekalo neformalno druženje in izmenjava mnenj. Po zaključku dogodka ge a smo prosili vse udeležence, da so izpolnili anketo z namenom pridobitev povratnih informacij. Delodajalci so bili zelo zadovoljni z možnostjo predstavitve njihovega podje-rking-a tja, študenti pa s spoznavanjem podjetij. Po zaključku dogodka smo povzeli smernice o za delo v prihodnje. Višja šola omogoča in spodbuja aktivno in ustvarjalno vključeva-f w nje študentov v študijski proces in s tem tudi v praktično izobraževanje. S tem krepi-mo njihovo vlogo pri prevzemanju odgovornosti za študijski uspeh in uspešnost študi-ealth o ja. Skrb za zaposljivost diplomantov je eden izmed naših ciljev, zato je velik poudarek na organizaciji in izvedbi praktičnega izobraževanja študentov. Višja strokovna šola si prizadeva povezovati študij s prakso in nuditi študentom konkretna znanja in veščine, draslih | h ki jih bodo potrebovali. Sklepne ugotovitve: Študente vzpodbujamo k sodelovanju z gospodarstveniki ter vklju-tarejših o čevanje v projekte, ki so organizirani na ravni regije in države. Dogodki, ki omogočajo n s povezovanje delodajalcev in lokalnega okolja s študenti so del kariernega razvoja študentov in s tem vključevanja v delovno aktivne odrasle. Delodajalci in študenti si želijo več tovrstnih dogodkov. ktivnih i Ključne besede: delodajalci, sodelovanje z okoljem, trg dela elovno a zdravje d 170 Regional Business Breakfast as an opportunity to include in to working adults Natalija Brečko School Centre Šentjur, Higher vocational school, Šentjur, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: School Centre Šentjur, Higher vocational school is committed to quality assurance in the field of educational work and the career development of students. Regional Business Breakfast is one of such events and their amais are: to bring together representatives of companies and higher vocational schools in order to improve the quality of practical education and job opportunities, to connect employers with students, to present the expectations/desires of employers and students, and to exchange views between employers and schools and students. Content presentation: the Regional Business Breakfast was attended by 24 company representatives, as well as representatives of the Community of Vocational Col eges and the Municipality of Šentjur. All employers were introduced so that the students could approach to them to get information they were interested in. Students of our higher education programmes Hospitality and Tourism, Nature Conservation, Ru-s ral and Landscape Management, Food and Nutrition were invited to a breakfast with employers. The meeting was organised with the aim of connecting employers with tation students, who can get to know them through practical training and shape them into future employees. All participating companies had tables for discussion and presenta-resen p tion materials, and breakfast was available throughout the day for informal socialising ster and exchanging views. After the event, we asked all participants to fill in a survey that o we can get feedback. Employers were very pleased with the opportunity to present ji | p their company and students were very satisfied with the opportunity to get to know ster the companies. After the event we summarised the guidelines for future work. High-po er vocational school encourages the active and creative involvement of students in the study process and also in practical tarining. In doing so, we empower them to take responsibility for their study and their success. The employability of graduates is one of our objectives, and therefore a strong focus is placed on the organisation of practical training for students. Higer vocational school is trying to connect study with practice and to provide students with the concrete knowledge and skil s they will need. Conclusions: students are encouraged to col aborate with companies and to get involved in projects organised at regional and national level. Events that connect employers and the local environment with students are part of students’ career development and their integration into working adults. Employers and students wish more events of this kind. Keywords: employers, cooperation with the environment, labour market 171 Pomen ocene starostne krhkosti Snježana Brući1, Mara Županić2, Mark Tomaj, master of Physioterapy3 1 Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Naftalan, Ivanić Grad, Croatia 2 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia 3 University of Applied Health Sciences, Ivanić Grad, Croatia Izhodišča in namen: Za oblikovalce zdravstvene in socialne politike postaja staranje prebivalstva prednostna tema. Pomembno je, kako zadovoljiti potrebe starejših pri zado-voljevanju osebnih primarnih potreb in lastnega dobrega počutja ter kako aktivno pri-spevati družini ali skupnosti v starosti. Zaradi demografskega staranja so pomembne javnozdravstvene prioritete, kot so: razvoj storitev, raziskovanje specifičnih problemov in težav starejših, vrednotenje potreb starejših z namenom izboljšanja prepre- čevanja, prepoznavanja in obravnave le-teh. Eno od zapletenih kliničnih stanj, povezanih s staranjem, je krhkost. Za krhkost je značilno zmanjšanje fizioloških sposobnosti v več organskih sistemih, kar ima za posledico večjo dovzetnost za nastanek poškodb. Krhkost je mogoče delno preprečiti in zdraviti z vadbo, ustrezno prehrano in zmanj- šanjem polipragmazije. Predstavitev vsebine: Epidemiološke študije kažejo na povezavo med krhkostjo in nega-dults tivnimi zdravstvenimi posledicami. Obstoječi odziv zdravstvenega varstva na krhkost v glavnem temelji na sekundarni oskrbi in se odziva na akutne zdravstvene težave, kot so lder a padci, delirij ali nepokretnost, zato je potreben bolj proaktiven in celovit odziv tako na nd o osebo kot na skupnost. Krhkost je stanje upada notranje sposobnosti, preden se po-ge a javi invalidnost. Krhkost razdelimo na tri faze. Prva se imenuje zgodnja faza, kjer simptomi neposredno kažejo na omejitve telesa, za drugo srednjo fazo so značilni simpto-rking-a mi, ki kažejo na omejitve posameznih funkcionalnih sposobnosti in poslabšanje splošne o kakovosti življenja, pozno fazo (komplikacije krhkosti) pa diagnosticiramo, ko je indi-f w vidualna funkcionalna samopodoba znatno zmanjšana, medtem ko lahko sočasna ve-denjska paradigma potencialno povzroči smrt. Ker je krhkost stanje hitrega biološkega ealth o staranja, v katerem telo postopoma izgublja sposobnost prilagajanja fizičnemu, duševnemu in socialnemu stresu, za katerega so značilni splošna šibkost, utrujenost in nizka telesna aktivnost, zmanjšana vzdržljivost, slabo ravnotežje, hujšanje ali izguba apetita, draslih | h oslabljeno sposobnost reševanja problemov in spomin, je izjemno pomembno, da te biološke spremembe pravočasno prepoznamo. Prav implementacija in uporaba orodij za prepoznavanje krhkosti bi bistveno prispevala k izbiri različnih možnosti za prilago-tarejših o jeno zdravljenje in ugotavljanje tveganja, prihranku časa in izboljšanju kakovosti življen s nja starejših odraslih ter izogibanju negativnim zdravstvenim posledicam. Pomembno je tudi omeniti, da odkrivanje starejših odraslih, pri katerih se krhkost še ni razvila, ktivnih i omogoča načrtovanje posegov za preprečevanje ali odložitev krhkosti v poznejši starosti. V prispevku bodo predstavljeni osnovni pojmi v zvezi s krhkostjo, orodja za merjenje krhkosti in interpretacija orodij v zdravstvene in socialne dejavnosti z namenom elovno a dodajanja vrednosti pri vrednotenju celovite oskrbe starejše populacije. Sklepne ugotovitve: Celovita geriatrična interdisciplinarna ocena nudi boljšo prognozo zdravje d in možnosti za prilagojeno zdravljenje in določanje tveganja. Nujno je, da se v klinično prakso uvedejo učinkovita orodja, začenši z vrednotenjem, identifikacijo primerov in pravočasnim zdravljenjem tega pomembnega sindroma krhkosti. Ključne besede: krhkost, starejši odrasli, ocena 172 Significance of the assessment of geriatric gerastenia Snježana Brući1, Mara Županić2, Mark Tomaj, master of Physioterapy3 1 Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation Naftalan, Ivanić Grad, Croatia 2 University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia 3 University of Applied Health Sciences, Ivanić Grad, Croatia Introduction and purpose: For health and social policymakers, population ageing becomes a priority issue. Those questions concern, first, how to meet the needs of the elderly in meeting personal primary needs and their own wel -being and secondly, how to actively contribute to the family or community in old age. Due to demographic ageing important public health priorities such as: development of services, research into specific problems and difficulties of the elderly, evaluation of the needs of the elderly for the purpose of improving the prevention, recognition and treatment thereof. One of complex clinical conditions associated with aging is fragility (frailty) or gerastenia. Gerastenia is characterised by a decline in physiological ability in several organic systems, resulting in increased susceptibility to stressors. Fragility can be partly prevented and treated by exercise, adequate diet and reduction of polypragmasia. s Content presentation: Epidemiological studies show a correlation between gerastenia and harmful health outcomes. The existing healthcare response to gerastenia is mainly tation based on secondary care and responds to acute health problems such as fal s, delirium or immobility, therefore a more proactive and integrated response to both the per-resen p son and the community is needed. Gerastenia is a state of decline in intrinsic ability bester fore disability occurs during life. Gerastenia can be divided into three stages depending o on weight. The first is cal ed the early phase (pre-frail) where symptoms directly indi-ji | p cate the limitations of the body, although an early response would ensure a success-ster ful response to this chal enge. The second midl e phase (frailty) is caracterised by car-po acteristic symptoms indicating limitations in individual functional ability and worsening overall quality of life. A late phase (frailty complications) is diagnosed when individual functional self-esteem is significantly reduced, while concomitant behavioural paradigm can potential y lead to death. Since gerastenia is a state of rapid biological aging in which the body gradual y loses the ability to adapt to physical, mental and social stress, characterized by general weakness, fatigue and low physical activity, impaired endurance, poor balance, weight loss or loss of appetite, impaired ability to solve problems and memory, it is of utmost importance to recognise these biological changes in time. It is precisely the implementation and application of gerastenia recognition tools that would significantly contribute to the choice of different options for adjusted treatment and risk determination, time savings and improving the quality of life of older people as well as avoiding negative health outcomes. Because individualized interventions preserve the independence, physical function and cognition of the individual. It is also important to note that the identification of older people who have not developed gerastenia provides the possibility of planning interventions to prevent or delay gerstenia at a later age. In practical terms, it is necessary to implement a system of evaluation and evaluation of gerastenia in elderly people primarily in primary health care offices. The presentation of the paper will present basic terms related to gerstenia, tools for measuring gerastenia and interpretation of tools into health and social acitivities with the aim of adding value in the evaluation of comprehensive care of older population. Conclusions: A comprehensive geriatric interdisciplinary evaluation offers better prognosis and possibilities for tailored treatment and risk determination. It is imperative that effective tools be introduced into clinical practice starting with the evaluation, identification of cases and timely treatment of this important geriatric syndrome. Keywords: Gerastenia, elderly people, assessment 173 Napovedniki stresa pri zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi Maša Černelič Bizjak1, Sara Fabjan1, Petra Dolenc2 1 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Pedagoška fakulteta, Koper, Slovenija Uvod: V primerjavi z drugimi poklici se zaposleni v zdravstvu soočajo s številnimi de-lovnimi obremenitvami in čustveno zahtevnimi situacijami, kar lahko vodi do slabšega blagostanja in težav v duševnem zdravju, kot so povečan stres, anksioznost, depresiv-nost in izgorelost. Duševno zdravje zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi je ključnega pomena pri zagotavljanju njihove delovne uspešnosti, zadovoljstva z delom in kakovosti oskrbe pacientov. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti zaznani stres med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi ter vlogo psihološkega blagostanja, socialne opore in ocene lastnega zdravstvenega stanja pri napovedovanju stresa. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 122 zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi, starih od 20 do 39 let, večinoma ženskega spola (75 %), ki so izpolnili Lestvico zaznanega stresa (PSS), Indeks blagostanja (WHO-5), Vprašalnik zaznane socialne opore (F-SozU) in samooceno zdravja (SRH). Zbrani so bili tudi sociodemografski podatki udeležencev. dults Rezultati: Ženske so doživljale več stresa v primerjavi z moškimi (t = -2,08, p < 0,001), medtem ko sta bila starost (r = -0,25, p = 0,006) in ekonomski status (r = -0,26, p = lder a 0,005) negativno povezana z zaznano stopnjo stresa. Nadalje je bil zaznani stres negativno (nizko do zmerno) povezan s psihološkim blagostanjem (r = -0,59, p < 0,001), so-nd o cialno oporo (r = -0,36, p < 0,001) in samooceno zdravstvenega stanja (r = -0,42, p < ge a 0,001). Med vsemi napovedniki, vključenimi v regresijski model, so nižja starost, slab- še blagostanje in slabša socialna opora pomembno napovedovali višjo stopnjo stresa rking-ao med zaposlenimi (R2 = 0,47; F (7, 114) = 17,28; p < 0,001). f w Razprava in zaključki: Rezultati kažejo, da imata skrb za dobro psihološko počutje in krepitev kakovostnih socialnih odnosov lahko pomembno varovalno funkcijo pri pre-ealth o prečevanju prekomernega stresa med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi. Usposabljanje s področja spoprijemanja s stresom mora predstavljati neobhodno sestavino v izobra- ževanju zdravstvenih delavcev. Predvsem pa se zdi pomembno, da znajo uravnoteži-draslih | h ti skrb za paciente s praksami skrbi zase (kot so čuječnost, rezilientnost in konstruk-tivno spoprijemanje). Ključne besede: stres na delovnem mestu, duševno zdravje, socialna opora, zdravstve-tarejših on s na nega ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 174 Predictive factors affecting stress among nurses Maša Černelič Bizjak1, Sara Fabjan1, Petra Dolenc2 1 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Education, Koper, Slovenia Introduction: Compared to other professions, healthcare workers usual y face high workloads and emotional y chal enging situations which can result in poorer wel -being and mental health problems such as increased stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. Nurses’ mental health is crucial due to its relevance to job satisfaction, job performance, and the quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to examine perceived stress among nursing professionals and, more specifical y, the role of psychological wel -being, social support, and self-rated health in predicting nurses’ stress. Methods: Participants were 122 nurses, aged 20–39 years, and predominantly female (75%). They completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the World Health Organization Wel -Being Index (WHO-5), the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (F-SozU), and the Self-Rated Health (SRH) measure. In addition, sociodemographic data of participants was also col ected. s Results: Female employees experienced greater stress than men (t = -2.08, p < 0.001), while the employees’ age (r = -0.25, p = 0.006) and economic status (r = -0.26, p = tation 0.005) were negatively related to the perceived stress level. Moreover, stress was resen negatively (low to moderately) correlated with psychological wel -being (r = -0.59, p p < 0.001), social support (r = -0.36, p < 0.001), and self-rated health (r = -0.42, p < stero 0.001). Among all the predictors included in the regression model, lower age, poorer ji | p psychological wel -being, and lower social support significantly predicted higher stress ster among employees (R2 = 0.47; F (7, 114) = 17.28; p < 0.001). po Discussion and conclusions: The results suggest that taking care of wel -being and promoting quality social relationships may have an important protective function in preventing stress among nurses. Stress prevention training should be an essential component of nursing education, and should include learning about balancing care for patients with self-care practices (such as mindfulness, resilience, and constructive coping strategies). Keywords: occupational stress, mental health, social support, healthcare 175 Trend števila namernih predoziranj s smrtnim izidom v letih 2019 do 2022 v Sloveniji Mateja Jandl Nacionalni Inštitut za javno zdravju, Ljubljana, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Število smrtnih primerov, povezanih z drogami, je v Sloveniji visoko (44 primerov na milijon prebivalcev v starosti med 15 in 64 let) in je vztrajno naraščalo do leta 2020. Število samomorov, povezanih z drogami, je padlo s 23 primerov v letu 2019 na tri (3) primere v letu 2020, nato pa je ponovno začelo naraščati v letih 2021 in 2022. Najpogosteje vpletene snovi so prepovedani opioidi, kokain, zdravila (zlasti ben-zodiazepini, antidepresivi, opioidni analgetiki na recept) in alkohol. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti, katera so najpogostejše droge, zdravila in kombinacije drog, ki so jih uporabljajo osebe, ki so storile samomor, v letih 2019-2022. Študija primera se izvaja na 50 ljudeh, katerih smrti so bile šifrirane z X61–X62 kot Zunanji vzroki obolevnosti in umrljivosti po MKB -10 iz nacionalne baze podatkov umrlih. Za vsak primer bodo pre-gledane in analizirane tudi forenzične obdukcije in toksikološke analize ter vključenost v zdravljenje odvisnosti od drog. Predstavitev vsebine: Predstavili bomo podatke o smrtih, povezanih z drogami, kjer je dults bil namen samomor (sociodemografski podatki, podatki o alkoholu ter glavnih in povezanih drogah). Kjer je mogoče, bomo preverili dejavnike, povezane s poskusi samo-lder a mora: zdravljenje odvisnosti, ženski spol, nižja starost, nižja izobrazba, uporaba več nd o drog, uporaba benzodiazepinov, nedavni prevelik odmerek heroina, huda depresija. ge a Od leta 2015 do leta 2021 se je število smrtnih primerov v starostni skupini starejših od 45 let zaradi predoziranja povečalo za 50 %. Kaže se torej trend staranja med tve-rking-a ganimi uporabniki drog, vendar predvsem zaradi povečanega števila smrtnih primerov o med ženskami, ki zlorabljajo zdravila in predpisane opioide za lajšanje bolečin. V za-f w dnjih treh letih so bili pri umrlih ženskah sintetični opioidi, oz. opioidni analgetiki prisotni pri polovica predoziranj. ealth o| h Sklepne ugotovitve: S to raziskavo smo pridobili pomembno informacijo za razumevanje glavnih dejavnikov tveganja v Sloveniji, ki lahko služijo za načrtovanje preventivnih ukrepov. To vključuje dopolnitev smernic za predpisovanje analgetikov na osnovi opi-draslih oidov, uvedbo programa presejanja bolnikov s tveganjem za predoziranje, ter vzpostavitev posebnih programov in strategij za zmanjšanje tveganja samomora pri tej popu-tarejših o laciji, kot so varne sobe, program nalokson za domov, zmanjševanje stigme. Prispevalo n s bo tudi k boljšemu razumevanju tega problema v mednarodnem kontekstu. Ključne besede: prepovedane droge, samomor, dejavniki tveganja ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 176 Trend in the number of intentional overdoses with a fatal outcome in the years 2019 to 2022 in Slovenia Mateja Jandl National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Background and purpose: The number of drug-related deaths is high in Slovenia (44 cases per mil ion inhabitants between the ages of 15 and 64) and steadily increased until 2020. The number of drug-related suicides fell from 23 cases in 2019 to three (3) cases in 2020, and then started to rise again in 2021 and 2022. The most commonly involved substances are illicit opioids, cocaine, medications (especially benzodiazepines, antidepressants, prescription opioid analgesics) and alcohol. The aim of the research is to find out which are the most common drugs, medicines and drug combinations used by people who commit suicide in 2019-2022. A case study is conducted on 50 people whose deaths were coded X61–X62 as External causes of morbidity and mortality according to ICD -10 from the National Death Database. For each case, forensic autop-sies and toxicology analyzes and involvement in drug addiction treatment will also be reviewed and analyzed. s Content presentation: We will present data on drug-related deaths where suicide was the intention (socio-demographic data, data on alcohol and main and related drugs). tation Where possible, we will examine factors associated with suicide attempts: addiction treatment, female sex, younger age, lower education, polydrug use, benzodiazepine resen p use, recent heroin overdose, major depression. From 2015 to 2021, the number of ster overdose deaths in the over-45 age group increased by 50%. So, there is an aging trend o among high-risk drug users, but mainly because of the increased number of deaths ji | p among women who abuse drugs and prescription opioids for pain relief. In the last ster three years, synthetic opioids, or opioid analgesics, were present in half of the over-po dose cases among deceased women. Conclusions: Through this research, we obtained important information for understanding the main risk factors in Slovenia, which will be used to plan preventive measures. This includes revision of guidelines for prescribing opioid-based analgesics, establishing programmes for screening the patients at risk for overdose, and implementing specific programs and strategies to reduce the risk of suicide in this population, such as drug consumption rooms, take-home naloxone programmes, stigma reduction. It wil also contribute to a better understanding of this problem in an international context. Keywords: il icit drugs, suicide, risk factors 177 Čuječnost, psihološko blagostanje in z zdravjem povezan vedenjski slog vzgojiteljic predšolskih otrok Rok Mrhar1, Blaž Simčič2, Petra Dolenc2 1 Vrtec Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Pedagoška fakulteta, Koper, Slovenija Uvod: Vzgojitelji predšolskih otrok so zaradi odgovornega in zahtevnega dela izpostavljeni različnim stresnim situacijam. Številni raziskovalni izsledki izpostavljajo pomen čuječnosti pri učinkovitem spoprijemanju, preprečevanju poklicne izgorelosti in izbolj- šanju blagostanja. Primanjkuje pa študij, ki bi preučevale vedenjski slog pedagoških delavcev, ki je prav tako pomemben varovalni dejavnik zdravja. Namen raziskave je bil tako preučiti odnos med čuječnostjo, z zdravjem povezanimi vedenji in psihološkim blagostanjem pri vzgojiteljicah predšolskih otrok. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 113 vzgojiteljic predšolskih otrok v vrtcih Goriške in Obalno-kraške regije. Čuječnost smo preverjali z Lestvico čuječe pozornosti in zavedanja MAAS, psihološko blagostanje z vprašalnikom WHO-5, z zdravjem povezana vedenja pa s posebej oblikovanim vprašalnikom po zgledu CINDI raziskav, ki sistematično spremljajo z zdravjem povezan vedenjski slog prebivalcev Slovenije. dults Rezultati: Vzgojiteljice večinoma dobro ocenjujejo svoje zdravstveno stanje, vendar so lder a v primerjavi s splošnim slovenskim aktivnim prebivalstvom nekoliko pogosteje odso-tne z dela zaradi bolezni. Podatki o indeksu telesne mase kažejo, da se približno 30% nd o vzgojiteljic uvršča v skupino čezmerne hranjenosti. Prav tako obstajajo velika razhaja-ge a nja med vzgojiteljicami v količini telesne aktivnosti, pri čemer 52% ne dosega priporo- čil o zadostni tedenski aktivnosti. Rezultati prehranjevalnih navad so razmeroma ugo-rking-ao dni, razen v primeru uživanja sadja in zelenjave ter rib, ko skoraj polovica ne dosega f w obstoječih smernic zdravega prehranjevanja. Podatki o kajenju so spodbudni, saj velika večina vzgojiteljic (82%) ne kadi. Na področju spalnih navad ugotavljamo, da jih največ ocenjuje kakovost svojega spanja kot srednje (36%) ali dobro (31%). Čeprav v pov-ealth o prečju spijo sedem ur na noč, 31% vzgojiteljic ne dosega priporočil o zadostni dolžini spanja. Korelacijske analize kažejo, da se čuječnost pozitivno povezuje s samoocena-ma zdravja (r = 0,50; p < 0,001) in telesne pripravljenosti (r = 0,35; p < 0,001), z dru-draslih | h gimi vidiki vedenjskega sloga pomembnih korelacij nismo ugotovili. Višja raven čuječ- nosti se pomembno povezuje višjim psihološkim blagostanjem (r = 0,53; p < 0,001). tarejših o Slednje pa pozitivno korelira s samooceno zdravja (r = 0,51; p < 0,001) in kakovostjo n s spanja (r = 0,39; p < 0,001). Razprava in zaključki: Ugotovitve raziskave lahko služijo kot izhodišče za spodbujanje ktivnih i bolj zdravih vedenjskih vzorcev in s tem zagotavljanje dobrega počutja in zadovoljstva zaposlenih v predšolski vzgoji. Izsledki nakazujejo na potencialne koristi prakticiranja čuječnosti kot psihološkega vira, ki prispeva k posameznikovem blagostanju in h kako-elovno a vosti življenja. Nadaljnje raziskovanje obravnavanih vsebin se zdi posebej pomembno za ohranjanje in krepitev zdravja vseh tistih, ki so vpeti v skrb za vzgojo in razvoj otrok. zdravje d Ključne besede: čuječnost, psihološko blagostanje, z zdravjem povezana vedenja, pred- šolska vzgoja 178 Mindfulness, psychological well-being and health-related behavioural styles of preschool teachers Rok Mrhar1, Blaž Simčič2, Petra Dolenc2 1 Kindergarten Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Education, Koper, Slovenia Introduction: Preschool teachers are exposed to a variety of stressful situations due to high responsibilities and work demands. Many studies highlight the effects of mindfulness on coping with stress and burnout prevention as well as improving wel -being. However, there is a lack of studies investigating health behaviors of educators. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness, health-related behaviors, and psychological wel -being in preschool teachers. Methods: One hundred and thirteen preschool teachers from kindergartens in the Go-riška and Coastal Karst regions participated in the study. Mindfulness was measured with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), psychological wel -being was measured with the WHO-5 questionnaire, and health-related behaviors were measured with a specifical y designed questionnaire based on the CINDI surveys, which sys-s tematically monitor health-related behaviors in the Slovenian population. Results: Participants mostly rate their health as good, but reported being absent from tation work due to il ness more often compared to the general working population. Accor-resen ding to BMI data, approximately 30% of participants can be classified as overweight. p Concerning physical activity, 52% do not meet the recommendations for sufficient stero weekly exercise. The results on eating habits are quite satisfactory, although, for so-ji | p me foods such as fruit, vegetables, and fish, almost half of the participants do not mester et the current guidelines. The data on smoking are encouraging, with the vast majo-po rity (82%) of preschool teachers being non-smokers. Regarding sleeping habits, most rate the quality of their sleep as medium (36%) or good (31%). Although the average sleep duration is around seven hours, 31% of preschool teachers do not meet the recommendations for sufficient sleep. Correlation analyses show that mindfulness is positively associated with self-rated health (r = 0.50; p < 0.001) and perceived fitness (r = 0.35; p < 0.001), no significant correlations were found with other health-related aspects. Moreover, higher levels of mindfulness are significantly associated with higher psychological wel -being (r = 0.53; p < 0.001), the latter is positively correlated with self-rated health (r = 0.51; p < 0.001), and sleep quality (r = 0.39; p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusions: The research findings can serve as a baseline for enhancing healthy behaviors and thus improving wel -being and satisfaction among employees in education. In addition, the findings point to the potential benefits of practicing mindfulness as a psychological resource that can contribute to an individual's wel -being and quality of life. Further research on these topics seems particularly relevant for improving health for all those involved in children's education and development. Keywords: mindfulness, psychological wel -being, health-related behaviours, early childhood education 179 Kakovost življenja v povezavi z ustnim zdravjem pri odraslih prebivalcih Slovenije v 2019 Anja Durjava1, Martin Ranfl2, Barbara Artnik3 1 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Območna enota Maribor, Maribor, Slovenija 2 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Območna enota Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenija 3 Univerza v Ljubljani, Medicinska fakulteta, Katedra za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Težave z ustno votlino in/ali zobmi povzročajo bolečine, nelagodje in omejitve pri opravljanju funkcij tega področja in slabšajo kakovost življenja. S kakovostjo življenja v povezavi z ustnim zdravjem (KŽpUZ) lahko ocenimo vpliv ustnega zdravja na posameznikovo življenje, samopodobo, socialne interakcije in delovno uspešnost. Metode: V »Nacionalni raziskavi o ustnem zdravju odraslih v Sloveniji leta 2019« smo z anketnim vprašalnikom pri 3.200 odraslih prebivalcih Slovenije, starih med 18 in 74 let, spremljali kazalnike KŽpUZ. Sodelujoči so po pošti prejeli povabilo za sodelovanje v spletni anketi, starejšim od 44 let smo ob obvestilnem pismu priložili še pisno obliko vprašalnika. Vprašanja o KŽpUZ so se nanašala na pogostost težav pri uživanju hrane, napeto počutje zaradi težav z ustno votlino ali/in zobmi, težave pri opravljanju dnev-dults nih obveznosti, prisotnost zobobola in prisotnost bolečih dlesni/ranic v ustih ter omejitve v socialnih stikih zaradi videza zob/zobne proteze. Podatke smo analizirali glede lder a na demografske podatke. Za statistično analizo razlik med kategorijami smo uporabi-nd o li test hi-kvadrat (χ2) in test CCP. ge a Rezultati: Pri 31,9 % odraslih je KŽpUZ občasno ali pogosteje zmanjšana zaradi ene ali več omejitev zaradi težav z zobmi. Občasno ali pogosteje je 27 % odraslih imelo bole-rking-ao če dlesni/ranice v ustih, 20 % jih je zaradi težav z ustno votlino ali/in zobmi težko jedlo f w in 19 % se jih je počutilo napeto zaradi težav z ustno votlino ali/in zobmi. O težavah pri opravljanju vsakodnevnih obveznosti zaradi težav z ustno votlino ali/in zobmi je poro- čalo 10 % in o zobobolu 12 % odraslih; razlik med deležem moških in žensk nismo za-ealth o sledili. Starejši od 54 let so v primerjavi z mlajšimi pogosteje težko jedli hrano (test χ2 = 22,434, p < 0,001). O omejitvah zaradi težav z ustno votlino ali/in zobmi je poročal večji delež odraslih z nižjo izobrazbo. Zaradi težav z ustno votlino ali/in zobmi je težko draslih | h jedlo hrano 27 % odraslih z osnovnošolsko, 20 % s srednješolsko in 13 % z višješolsko izobrazbo (test χ2 = 11,388, p = 0,003), težave pri opravljanju vsakodnevnih obvezno-tarejših o sti je imelo 12 % odraslih z osnovnošolsko in srednješolsko ter 6 % z višješolsko izon s brazbo (test χ2 = 6,491, p = 0,039) in zobobol je imelo 19 % odraslih z osnovnošolsko, 13 % s srednješolsko in 9 % z višješolsko izobrazbo (test χ2 = 6,491, p = 0,039). Podob-ne razlike glede na izobrazbeni status smo odkrili tudi pri omejitvah v socialnih stikih ktivnih i zaradi videza zob/zobne proteze. Razprava in zaključek: KŽpUZ se povezuje s socioekonomskimi dejavniki, kot sta sta-elovno a rost in izobrazba, ne pa tudi s spolom. Delež oseb, ki KŽpUZ ocenjujejo bolj negativno, je višji med starejšimi od 44 let in med nižje izobraženimi; razlike glede na KŽpUZ zdravje d kažejo na večjo ranljivost starejših oseb in tistih z nižjo izobrazbo. Poznavanje demografskih in socioekonomskih značilnosti skupin prebivalstva s slabšo KŽpUZ je ključ- no za pripravo ustreznih javnozdravstvenih pristopov za izboljšanje in krepitev ustnega zdravja odraslih prebivalcev Slovenije. Ključne besede: kakovost življenja, ustno zdravje, skrb za ustno zdravje 180 Oral health-related quality of life in the adult population of Slovenia in 2019 Anja Durjava1, Martin Ranfl2, Barbara Artnik3 1 National Institute of Public Health, Regional Unit Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia 2 National Institute of Public Health, Regional Unit Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia 3 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Problems with the oral cavity and/or teeth cause pain, discomfort and functional limitations of the oral cavity and/or teeth and affect quality of life. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) can assess the impact of oral health on a person’s life, self-image, social interactions and work performance. Methods: As part of the »National Oral Health Survey of Adults in Slovenia in 2019«, indicators of OHRQoL were monitored using a questionnaire among 3,200 adults in Slovenia aged 18 to 74 years. Participants received an invitation to the online survey by post, and a written questionnaire was included in the notification letter for people over 44 years of age. The OHRQoL questions related to the frequency of eating diffi-s culties, feelings of tension due to oral and/or dental problems, problems performing daily tasks, dental pain, painful gums/mouth sore and limitations in social interactions tation due to the appearance of teeth. The results were analysed using demographic data. The chi-square ( resen χ2) test and the CCP test were used to statistical y analyse the differ-p ences between the categories. stero Results: 31.9% of adults occasional y or more often experienced a decrease in OHRQoL ji | p due to one or more limitations caused by oral and/or dental problems. Occasional-ster ly or more often, 27% of adults reported painful gums/mouth sore, 20% had difficulty po eating and 19% felt tense due to oral and/or dental problems. 10% reported difficulties performing daily tasks and 12% reported dental pain; no differences were found between men and women. Adults over 54 years of age were more likely to have difficulties eating than younger people (χ2 test=22.434, p<0.001). A higher proportion of adults with less education reported limitations due to problems with the oral cavity and/or teeth. Difficulty eating was reported by 27% of adults with primary, 20% with secondary and 13% with at least tertiary education (χ2 test=11.388, p=0.003). 12% of adults with primary and secondary education and 6% with at least tertiary education reported difficulties performing daily tasks (χ2 test=6.491, p=0.039), and dental pain was reported by 19% of adults with primary, 13% with secondary and 9% with at least tertiary education (χ2 test=6.491, p=0.039). Similar differences in educational status were also found for limitations in social interactions due to dental appearance. Discussion and conclusions: OHRQoL is related to socioeconomic factors such as age and education, but not to gender. The proportion of people who rate their OHRQoL more negatively is higher among those over 44 years of age and those with less education. The differences in OHRQoL indicate that older people and people with less education are more at risk. Understanding the socioeconomic characteristics of populations with poorer OHRQoL is crucial for appropriate public health approaches to improve the oral health of the adult population in Slovenia. Keywords: quality of life, oral health, oral health care 181 Znanje in uporaba probiotikov med starejšimi ljudmi v Štajerski regiji Sabina Fijan1, Melanie Mitrović2, Nataša Mlinar Reljić1 1 Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za Zdravstvene vede, Maribor, Slovenija 2 Univerzitetni klinični center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenija Uvod: Probiotiki so živi mikroorganizmi, ki pozitivno učinkujejo na zdravje gostitelja, kadar jih apliciramo v zadostnih količinah. Znanstveni dokazi o koristih probiotikov za človeško zdravje med drugim vključujejo zdravljenje ali preprečevanje driske in različ- nih črevesnih bolezni, duševno zdravje, celjenje ran ter krepitev imunskega sistema. To je še posebej pomembno za starejše osebe z boleznimi, povezanimi s starostjo, in ne- želenimi spremembami imunske funkcije. Ta raziskava je imela namen preučiti znanje in uporabo probiotikov med starejšimi osebami. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativni raziskovalni metodologiji z uporabo presečne študije. Podatki so bili zbrani s pomočjo strukturiranega vprašalnika, ki je vseboval 14 vprašanj in je bil razdeljen med člane Združenja starejših oseb v Štajerski regiji. Razdelili so 70 vprašalnikov, vsi so bili vrnjeni in pravilno izpolnjeni. Rezultati: Med 70 udeleženci je bilo 49% žensk in 51% moških, starih med 65 in 80 let dults (povprečna starost 72,9 let). Večina jih živi na podeželju (64%), 10% v mestu in 26% v predmestju. 51% jih je zaključilo srednjo šolo, 40% osnovno šolo, 8% pa je imelo uni-lder a verzitetno izobrazbo. Večina udeležencev ni poznala probiotikov in jih je zamenjevala za vlaknine (90 %) ali vitamine (4 %). Samo 6 % jih je poznalo pravilno definicijo. Kljub nd o temu je 91% priznalo njihov vpliv na prebavo, 86% na imunski sistem, 49% na hole-ge a sterol in 32% na alergije. Medtem ko jih je 69% vedelo, da so probiotiki lahko v obliki prehranskih dopolnil, jih večina uživa kot funkcionalna živila. Po drugi strani uživajo rking-ao različna fermentirana živila, kot so kislo zelje, jogurt, sir, ki vsebujejo koristne mikro-f w organizme. Udeleženci so iskali informacije o probiotikih na spletu, na televiziji in v le-karnah, pri čemer so zdravniške ordinacije ocenili kot najmanj verjeten vir informacij. ealth o Razprava in zaključek: Naši ugotovitve so bile skladne s prejšnjimi študijami med starej- šimi ljudmi, in sicer, da probiotiki niso dobro poznani med starejšimi ljudmi. Kljub te-mu so se zavedali pozitivnih učinkov, ki jih lahko doprinesejo probiotiki, kot je pomoč draslih | h pri uravnananju prebave in vpliv na imunski sistem. Glede na številne prednosti probiotikov njihova uporaba predstavlja ključen dodatek k prehrani, še posebej za starejše ljudi. Osnova promocije zdravja, predvsem spodbujena s strani zdravstvenih delavcev, tarejših o bi morala vključevati izobraževanje posameznikov o koristnih učinkih probiotikov. Za-n s vedanje, da so zdravniške ordinacije med najmanj verjetnimi viri informacij o probiotikih v naši študiji, kaže na pomembnost zdravstvenih delavcev kot osrednjega vira ta-ktivnih i kšnega znanja, namesto, da bi se popolnoma zanašali le na splet, radijske in televizijske oddaje ali družabne medije. elovno a Ključne besede: probiotiki, koristni mikroorganizmi, upokojitev, znanje, starejše osebe, prehrana. zdravje d 182 Knowledge and usage of probiotics among older people in Styria Region Sabina Fijan1, Melanie Mitrović2, Nataša Mlinar Reljić1 1 University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia 2 University Clinical Medical Center Maribor, Maribor. Slovenia Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. Scientific evidence of probiotic benefits on human health includes treatment or prevention of diarrhoea and various bowel diseases, mental health, wound healing and strengthening the immune system. This is especial y important for older people with age-related diseases and adverse changes in immune function. This study aimed to examine the knowledge and usage of probiotics among older people. Methods: The study was based on quantitative research methodology, using cross-sectional design. Data was col ected using a structured questionnaire containing 14 questions distributed among members of the older peoplès Association in Styria Region. 70 questionnaires were distributed and all of them were returned and correctly completed. s Results: Among 70 participants, 49% were female and 51% male, aged 65-80 (average 72.9). Most reside in rural areas (64%), 10% in cities, and 26% in suburbs. 51% complet-tation ed secondary school, 40% completed primary school and 8% held a university degree. resen Most were unfamiliar with probiotics, mistaking them for fiber (90%) or vitamins (4%). p Only 6% knew the correct definition. However, 91% acknowledged their impact on di-stero gestion, 86% on the immune system, 49% on cholesterol, and 32% on al ergies. While ji | p 69% knew probiotics could be dietary supplements, most consumed them as func-ster tional foods despite available supplements. On the other hand, they consume various po fermented foods such as sauerkraut, yogurt, cheese that contain beneficial microbes. Participants sought probiotic information online, on TV, and in pharmacies, considering doctors’ offices the least likely source. Discussion and conclusions: Our findings were consistent with previous studies reported among older people, namely that probiotics are not wel -known among older people. However, they are familiar with the positive effects that probiotics can confer such as aiding in digestion and influence on the immune system. Considering the numerous advantageous effects of probiotics, their consumption constitutes a vital adjunct to nutrition, particularly for older people. A cornerstone of health promotion, predominantly facilitated by healthcare professionals, should encompass educating individuals on the beneficial impacts of probiotics. Acknowledging that doctors’ offices were among the least likely venues for probiotic information dissemination in our study, this shows the significance of health workers serving as the principal source of such knowledge, rather than relying solely on the internet and broadcast media or social media. Keywords: probiotics, beneficial microorganisms, retirement, knowledge, older people, nutrition. 183 Vino z manj žvepla Jurij Gunzek Šolski center Šentjur, Višja strokovna šola, Šentjur, Slovenija Izhodišča in namen: Žveplov dioksid je potencialno najpomembnejše dražilno sredstvo v vinu. ILO (International Labour Organization) priporoča, da se izogibate žveplovega dioksida, če imate bronhitis, astmo, konjuktivitis, emifizem, bolezni srca in ožilja. Po priporočilih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije se naj ne bi dnevno užilo preko 25 mg SO /osebo. V vinu je žveplo definirano kot prosti in skupni SO . Prosti SO predstavlja 2 2 2 žveplov dioksid, ki ni vezan na acetaldehid, druge aldehide ali organske spojine. Skupni SO je definiran, kot vsota vseh zvrsti (specij) žveplovega dioksida v vinu (molekularna, 2 bisulfitna in sulfitna) bodisi v prosti ali vezani obliki. Predstavitev vsebine: Majhen delež žveplovega dioksida v vinu je posledica delovanja vinskih kvasovk v procesu fermentacije mošta. Glavnina žveplovega dioksida v vinu je dodanega v tehnološkem postopku predelave grozdja in nege vina. Najvišje dovoljene vsebnosti žveplovega dioksida v vinu predpisuje vinarska zakonodaja. Belo in rose vi-no, ki vsebuje manj kot 7g/l reducirajočih sladkorjev in je definirano kot vrhunsko vi-no sme vsebovati največ 180 mg/l skupnega SO . Rdeče vrhunsko vino, ki vsebuje do dults 2 7g/l reducirajočih sladkorjev sme vsebovati največ 140 mg/l skupnega SO . Že nekaj 2 časa se v strokovnih krogih pripravljajo pobude za znižanje dovoljenih vsebnosti SO lder a 2 v vinu. Pridelovalcem vina bodo te zahteve pomenile dodaten izziv, vendar menimo, nd o da bo v prihodnje vino s čim manj žvepla pomembna konkurenčna prednost vinarja. ge a Na voljo so sodobne tehnologije predelave grozdja s katerimi lahko precej reduciramo uporabo žvepla. rking-ao Sklepne ugotovitve: Mnoge kleti v Sloveniji so v zadnjih letih, tudi s pomočjo evropskih f w sredstev investirale v opremo za vzpostavitev reduktivnih pogojev v pridelavi vina. S posebnimi stiskalnicami z možnostjo vpihovanja dušika oziroma ogljikovega dioksida se onemogoči vezava kisika, kar zavre rast mikroorganizmov. Zmanjševanje vezave ki-ealth o sika in posledično manjša potreba po uporabi žvepla se doseže tudi v pogojih, ko vino hranimo v sodobnih posodah v katerih s pomočjo inertnih plinov (dušik, ogljikov dioksid, argon) reduciramo vezavo kisika. Zanimive rešitve za zmanjšanje potreb po upo-draslih | h rabi žvepla ponujajo novejše raziskave o postopkih fizikalne obdelave vina. Najbolj- še rezultate so dobili pri UHPH (Ultra High-Pressure Homogenization) obdelavi vina. tarejših o Pri tej obdelavi je mošt izpostavljen visokim tlakom, posledično tudi visoki temperatu-n s ri (100 °C in več), vendar za zelo kratek čas, običajno 0,2s za celoten proces. Izsledki omenjenih raziskav so obetavni, predvsem zaradi antimikrobne in antiencimske učinkovitosti in zelo majhnega senzoričnega vpliva. ktivnih i Ključne besede: vino, žveplov dioksid, tehnološki postopek elovno a zdravje d 184 Wine with less sulphur Jurij Gunzek School Centre Šentjur, Higher vocational school, Šentjur, Slovenia Introduction and purpose: Sulphur dioxide is potential y the most important irritant in wine. The ILO (International Labour Organisation) recommends avoiding sulphur dioxide if you suffer from bronchitis, asthma, conjunctivitis, emphysema, cardiovascular disease. According to the WHO recommendations, no more than 25 mg SO /per-2 son should be consumed daily. In wine, sulphur is defined as free and total SO . Free 2 SO represents sulphur dioxide that is not bound to acetaldehyde, other aldehydes 2 or organic compounds. Total SO is defined as the summary of all the species (speci-2 ation) of sulphur dioxide in wine (molecular, bisulphite and sulphite) in either free or bound form. Content presentation: The small proportion of sulphur dioxide in wine is result to the action of wine yeasts in the fermentation of the must. Most of the sulphur dioxide in wine is added during the technological process of grape processing and wine care. The maximum levels of sulphur dioxide in wine are prescribed by wine legislation. White s and rosé wine which are containing less than 7g/l reducing sugars and defined as a premium wine may contain a maximum of 180 mg/l total SO . A premium red wine con-2 tation taining up to 7 g/l reducing sugars may contain a maximum of 140 mg/l total SO . For 2 some time now, initiatives have been made in professional circles to lower the permit-resen p ted SO content in wine. These requirements will be an additional chal enge for wine 2 ster producers, but we believe that in the future, wine with as little sulphur as possible wil o be an important competitive advantage for winemakers. Modern grape processing ji | p technologies are available to reduce sulphur use significantly. sterpo Conclusions: Many wineries in Slovenia have invested in equipment to create reducing conditions in wine production in recent years, also with the help of European fund-ing. Special presses with the possibility of injecting nitrogen or carbon dioxide are used to prevent the binding of oxygen, which inhibits the growth of micro-organisms. The reduction in oxygen fixation and the consequent reduction in the need to use sulphur is also achieved in the conditions in which wine is stored in modern con-tainers in which inert gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon) are used to reduce oxygen fixation. Recent research on physical treatment processes for wine offers interest-ing solutions to reduce the need for sulphur. The best results have been obtained with UHPH (Ultra High-Pressure Homogenisation) wine treatment. In this treatment, the must is exposed to high pressures and consequently high temperatures (100 °C and above), but for a very short time, typical y 0.2 s for the whole process. The results of the above-mentioned studies are promising, in particular because of their antimicrobial and antienzymatic efficacy and very low sensory impact. Keywords: wine, sulphur dioxide, technological process 185 Dejavniki tveganja, ki vplivajo na poslabšanje kronične ledvične bolezni Mihaela Jurdana1, Lucija Brezočnik1, Boštjan Žvanut1, Bojan Knap2 1 Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Porast debelosti, sarkopenije in staranja na svetovni ravni je vplivalo na porast števila primerov kronične ledvične bolezni (KLB). Debelost, upad mišične mase in mo- či ter sarkopenična debelost (SD) so prisotni pri bolnikih s KLB ter so povezani s slab- šo klinično napovedjo in višjim tveganjem za smrtnost. SD je kronično stanje, za katerega je značilen soobstoj upada mišične mase in soobstoj debelosti. Razširjenost SD je posledica staranja populacije in sprememb življenjskega sloga v preteklih desetletjih. SD je zaradi nejasnih simptomov in slabo definirane metodologije pri odkrivanju velikokrat spregledana, kar ima lahko negativne posledice za bolnike in druge posameznike. V ta namen smo na hemodializnih bolnikih s kronično ledvično odpovedjo preverjali mišično maso in moč, prisotnost debelosti in sarkopenije. Metode: V študijo je bilo vključenih 55 hemodializnih bolnikov moškega spola, starih nad 70 let, ki se zdravijo na kliničnem oddelku za nefrologijo, na Oddelku za akutno in komplicirano dializo v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Ljubljana. V raziskavo smo dults vključili samo bolnike brez aktivne infekcijske bolezni in drugih bolezni z glomerulno filtracijo (oGF)<10 ter jih razdelili v dve skupine glede na indeks telesne mase (ITM); lder a ITM >25 kg/m2 in ITM ≤ 25 kg/m2). Z uporabo bioimpedančnega analizatorja telesne nd o sestave (Akern), smo merili telesno sestavo pacientov in spremljali maščobno (FM) in ge a ter pusto mišično maso (FFM) ter računali razmerje med obema. Za moč stiska roke smo uporabili hidravlični dinamometer, za mišični funkcionalni test pa test-vstani-sedi. rking-a Opravljene so bile biokemične meritve lipidograma, glukoze in C-reaktivnega proteina o (CRP) ter opravljen je bil kratek validiran vprašalnik za telesno aktivnost NPAQ. Raz-f w iskavo je odobrila nacionalna komisija za medicinsko etiko (KME RS 0120-179/2023). Rezultati: Skupina moških bolnikov z ITM ≥ 25 kg/m2 je imela značilno povišano tele-ealth o sno in maščobno maso (FM) (p < 0,001), ter obseg pasu (p < 0,001). Prav tako se je med skupinama pokazala značilna razlika v moči stiska roke, (p < 0,05). Pri ostalih pa-rametrih značilnih razlik med skupinama nismo dobili. Mejne vrednosti sistoličnega draslih | h krvnega tlaka, glukoze, trigliceridov so v skupini bolnikov z ITM ≥ 25 kg/m2 presegle mejne vrednosti, kar nakazuje na večji vnetni status pri omenjenih bolnikih. Bolniki v tarejših o obeh skupinah niso dosegli priporočil SZO za telesno aktivnost, kar lahko negativno n s vpliva na telesno sestavo in splošno zdravje. Sarkopenična debelost smo definirali sa-mo pri enem bolniku. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je bil aterogeni indeks plazemskih li-poproteinov (AIP) povišan pri moških bolnikih z ITM > 25 km/m2. ktivnih i Zaključki: Rezultati so pokazali pomembno povezanost med ITM, telesno sestavo in biokemičnimi merili pri bolnikih s KLB, zlasti pri tistih z ITM ≥ 25 kg/m2. Bolnikih v elovno a tej skupini imajo slabšo mišično maso in moč, višji delež maščevja ter obseg trebuha, kar nakazuje na vnetno stanje, ki je pomemben dejavnik pri napredovanju KLB. Povi-zdravje d šan AIP pa kaže na srednje tveganje za aterosklerozo in koronarno srčno bolezen. Na podlagi rezultatov vprašalnika ter ostalih parametrov, bi bilo smiselno redno spremlja-ti telesno maso, telesno sestavo bolnikov ter telesno aktivnost, saj se parametri pove-zni z mišično maso nižji od pričakovanih. Ključne besede: sarkopenija, debelost, kronična ledvična bolezen 186 Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Mihaela Jurdana1, Lucija Brezočnik1, Boštjan Žvanut1, Bojan Knap2 1 University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2 University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: The global increase in obesity, sarcopenia and ageing has contributed to the rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Obesity, loss of muscle mass and strength and sarcopenic obesity (SO) occur in CKD patients and are associated with a poorer clinical prognosis and a higher risk of death. SO is a chronic condition characterised by the simultaneous presence of muscle wasting and obesity. The prevalence of SD is due to the ageing of the population and lifestyle changes in recent decades. SD is often overlooked due to unclear symptoms and poorly defined detection methods, which can have negative consequences for patients and others. To this end, we examined muscle mass and strength, the presence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity in haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Methods: The study included 55 male haemodialysis patients aged 60 years and older with treated at the Department of Nephrology, Department of Acute and Complica-s ted Dialysis, University Hospital Ljubljana. Only patients without active infectious disease and with a glomerular filtration rate (oGF) <10 were included in the study and tation divided into two gropu based on their BMI : BMI >25 kg/m2 and BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2. Using a bioimpedance body analyser (Akern), we measured the patients‘ body com-resen p position and monitored fat mass (FM) and fat-free muscle mass (FFM) and calculated ster the FM/FFM ratio, as well as the body shape index. Handgrip strength was tested with o a hydraulic dynamometer and muscle function was assessed with a sit-to-stand test. ji | p Biochemical measurements of lipidogram, glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) wester re performed and a short validated physical activity questionnaire (NPAQ) was compo pleted. The study was approved by the National Medical Ethics Committee (KME RS 0120-179/2023). Results: The group of male patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had significantly increased body and fat mass (FM) (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in handgrip strength between the two groups (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between the groups for other parameters. Systolic blood pressure, blood glucose and triglycerides exceeded the cut-off values in the group of patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, indicating a higher inflammatory status in these patients. Patients in both groups did not meet the WHO recommendations for physical activity, which may have a negative impact on body composition and overall health. Sarcopenic obesity was found in only one patient. We also found that the atherogenic index of plasma lipoproteins (AIP) was elevated in male patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Conclusions: The results showed a significant association between BMI, body composition and biochemical measures in patients with CKD, particularly those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Patients in this group have lower muscle mass and strength, higher fat percentage and abdominal circumference, suggesting an inflammatory state, which is an important factor in the progression of CKD. Based on the results of the questionnaire and other parameters, it would be useful to regularly monitor patients‘ body weight, body composition and physical activity, as the parameters related to muscle mass are lower than expected. Keywords: sarcopenia, obesity, chronic kidney disease 187 Promocija zdravega življenjskega sloga in vloga zdravstvenih delavcev pri ženskah s sindromom policističnih jajčnikov Tjaša Kobal, Sandra Martinuč Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Policistični jajčniki se lahko pojavijo kot samostojen pojav ali kot sindrom policističnih jajčnikov (v nadaljevanju PCOS), ki poleg značilne ultrazvočne slike vključuje tu-di druge simptome, kot so motnje menstruacijskega cikla in klinični znaki hiperandro-genizma. Ta kompleksen sindrom lahko močno vpliva na reproduktivno, presnovno in psihološko zdravje ter kakovost življenja žensk. Namen prispevka je s pregledom literature ugotoviti učinke zdravega življenjskega sloga pri ženskah s PCOS ter pomanjkljivosti svetovanja, ki ga zdravstveni delavci izvajajo v okviru promocije zdravega življenjskega sloga za ženske s PCOS. Metode: Raziskava temelji na pregledu domače in tuje strokovne literature, ki smo jo zbirali v obdobju od oktobra 2022 do februarja 2023. Do nje smo dostopali v podatkovnih bazah ProQuest, ScienceDirect in Google učenjak. Za iskanje smo uporabili ključne besede: policistični jajčniki, življenjski slog, zdravstveni delavci, zdravljenje, polycystic ovaries, lifestyle, healthcare, workers, treatment. Pri izboru literature smo dults upoštevali sledeče kriterije: objava v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, prosta dostopnost člankov, povezanost z izbrano temo objava med letoma 2003 in 2023. lder a Rezultati: Izmed 24.823 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 10 nd o člankov. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da zdravstveni delavci spodbujajo ženske k spremembi ži-ge a vljenjskega sloga. S prehransko anamnezo ugotovijo njihove prehranjevalne navade ter jih poučijo o pomenu primerne telesne mase in količini obrokov. V primeru težav s hi-rking-ao rzutizmom in aknami jim predlagajo obisk dermatologa in jih informirajo o možnostih f w zdravljenja. Na ta način se zmanjša možnost pojava zapletov, ki so posledica nezdravega življenjskega sloga. Ovire zdravstvenih delavcev pa so nezadostno znanje o PCOS in pomanjkanje časa za posvetovanje. ealth o Razprava in zaključki: PCOS je pogosto neprepoznan, kar lahko privede do resnih zapletov. Za obvladovanje te bolezni sta bistvena zgodnje odkrivanje in celostno zdra-draslih | h vljenje, ki vključuje spremembo življenjskega sloga, pri čemer imajo zdravstveni delavci pomembno vlogo pri nudenju informacij, podpore in motivacije. Izobraževanje pacientk o njihovi bolezni in podpora skupin za samopomoč sta prav tako bistvena. Celo-tarejših o sten pristop je ključnega pomena za uspešno obvladovanje sindroma policističnih jajč- n s nikov in zmanjšanje tveganja za zaplete. Ključne besede: policistični jajčniki, življenjski slog, zdravstveni delavci, zdravljenje ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 188 Promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the role of healthcare workers in women with Polycystic ovaries Tjaša Kobal, Sandra Martinuč University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Polycystic ovaries can occur as a stand-alone condition or as a polycystic ovary syndrome (in hereafter referred to as PCOS), which, in addition to the characteristic ultrasound picture, also includes other symptoms, such as menstrual cycle disturbances and clinical signs. hyperandrogenism. This complex syndrome can have a profound reproductive impact, metabolic and psychological health, and women‘s quality of life. The aim of this paper is to to determine the effects of a healthy lifestyle in women with PCOS and the disadvantages of counsel ing, that health professionals provide in the context of healthy lifestyle promotion for women with PCOS. Methods: The research is based on a review of domestic and foreign literature collected between October 2022 and February 2023, accessed from ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. We used the fol owing keywords: polycystic ovaries, lifestyle, healthcare, workers, treatment, polycystic ovaries, lifestyle, healthcare, wors kers, treatment. The fol owing criteria were considered for the selection of the literature: publication in Slovene and English, open accessibility of the articles, relevance to tation the selected topic, publication between 2003 and 2023. resen Results: Of the 24,823 hits identified, 10 articles were included in the final analysis. p It was found that health professionals encourage women to make lifestyle changes. stero They take a dietary history to determine their eating habits and educate them about ji | p the importance of adequate body weight and meal quantity. In case of problems with ster hirsutism and acne, they are suggested to see a dermatologist and informed about po treatment options. In this way, the possibility of complications resulting from an unhealthy lifestyle is reduced. However, barriers for health professionals are insufficient knowledge about PCOS and lack of time for consultation. Discussion and conclusions: PCOS is often unrecognised, which can lead to serious complications. Early detection and comprehensive treatment involving lifestyle changes are essential to manage the disease, with health professionals playing an important role in providing information, support and motivation. Educating patients about their disease and supporting self-help groups are also essential. A holistic approach is key to successful y managing polycystic ovary syndrome and reducing the risk of complications. Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, lifestyle, health professionals, treatment 189 Iskanje vedenj zdravja kot diagnoza promocije zdravja/zdravstvene nege pri starejših Luka Ivanović, Dijana Majstorović Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia Uvod: Po klasifikaciji Združenih narodov med starejše odrasle uvrščamo osebe, stare 65 let in več. Diagnoze promocije zdravja/zdravstvene nege označujejo klinične pre-soje o motivaciji in želji po izboljšanju dobrega počutja in uresničevanju zdravstvenega potenciala. Vedenja, ki iščejo zdravje, pomenijo proaktivna prizadevanja posameznikov v stabilnem zdravju za izboljšanje zdravja. Namen te študije je razjasniti postopek pridobivanja bistvenih podatkov za diagnosticiranje diagnoz promocije zdravja/zdravstvene nege, s poudarkom zlasti na vedenju iskanja zdravja, z oceno dobrega počutja starejših odraslih ki temelji na vzorcih psihofizičnega delovanja po Marjory Gordon. Metode: Pregled povzema razpoložljivo literaturo o ocenah zdravstvenega delovanja. Zbrane podatke smo razvrstili v 11 vzorcev psihofizičnega delovanja po M. Gordon. Prispevek je sestavljen s programom Canva ob upoštevanju smernic za izdelavo izobraževalnih programov. dults Rezultati: Ta študija sintetizira ključne podatke za diagnosticiranje diagnoz promocije zdravja in dobrega počutja, s posebnim poudarkom na vedenju, ki išče zdravje. Podatki lder a so bili organizirani v skladu z 11 vzorci delovanja zdravja, ki jih je opisal M. Gordon. Po zbiranju podatkov je bil izdelan načrt zdravstvene nege za navedeno diagnozo. Prido-nd o bljeni podatki poudarjajo pomen posameznikovega življenjskega sloga, socialnih, kul-ge a turnih in verskih prepričanj ter pomen uporabe ocenjevalnih lestvic za ocenjevanje in spremljanje posameznikovega stanja. rking-ao Razprava in zaključki: Izboljšanje kakovosti življenja neposredno vpliva na zdravje posa-f w meznika. V zdravstveni negi ne smemo spregledati starejših posameznikov brez ugotovljenih težav z nego; sprejeti je treba preventivne ukrepe za prepoznavanje diagnoz ealth o promocije zdravja in dobrega počutja. Natančna ocena zdravstvenega stanja po vzorcih psihofizičnega delovanja po M. Gordonu je ključnega pomena pri postavljanju diagnoze promocije zdravja in zdravstvene nege. Takšen proces zdravstvene nege je draslih | h ključnega pomena pri preprečevanju kroničnih bolezni, krepitvi zdravja in podpiranju aktivnega, zdravega staranja. Ključne besede: ocena, promocija zdravja/zdravstvene nege, starejši odrasli tarejših on s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 190 Health-Seeking Behaviors as health promotion/wellness nursing diagnoses in elderly Luka Ivanović, Dijana Majstorović Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia Introduction: According to the United Nations classification, individuals at the age of 65 and older are considered elderly. Within this demographic, those who maintain functional ability are termed gerontological y insured individuals. Health promotion/wel - ness nursing diagnoses denote clinical judgments about the motivation and desire to enhance wel -being and realize health potential. Health-seeking behaviors signify proactive efforts toward health improvement by individuals in stable health. This study aims to elucidate the process of acquiring essential data for diagnosing health promotion/wel ness nursing diagnoses, focusing particularly on Health-Seeking Behaviors, through a wel ness assessment of the elderly grounded in Marjory Gordon’s patterns of psychophysical functioning. Methods: This review summarizes the available literature on health functioning assessments. The col ected data were categorized into 11 patterns of psychophysical functi-s oning as delineated by M. Gordon. The paper was compiled using the Canva program while adhering to guidelines for educational program creation. tation Results: This study synthesizes critical data for diagnosing health promotion and wel - resen ness nursing diagnoses, with special emphasis on Health-Seeking Behaviors. The da-p ta were organized according to the 11 health functioning patterns outlined by M. Gor-stero don. After data col ection, a nursing care plan was made for the specified diagnosis. ji | p The obtained data emphasize the significance of individual lifestyle, social, cultural, and ster religious beliefs, as well as the importance of utilizing assessment scales to evaluate po and monitor the individual’s condition. Discussion and Conclusions: Enhancing quality of life has a direct impact on individual health. Elderly individuals without diagnosed nursing problems should not be overlooked in nursing care; preventive measures should be adopted to identify health promotion and wel ness nursing diagnoses. Accurate assessment of health status, fol owing M. Gordon’s patterns of psychophysical functioning, is crucial in diagnosing health promotion and wel ness nursing diagnoses. Such a nursing care process is instrumental in averting chronic diseases, promoting health, and supporting active, healthy aging. Keywords: assessment, health promotion/wel ness nursing diagnoses, elderly 191 Elderspeak: Kaj to pomeni? Patricia Bezek, Mateo Lebinec, Dijana Majstorović Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia Izhodišča in namen: Starost je prisotna v vsakodnevni praksi zdravstvene nege in je včasih lahko prikrita s humorjem ali trditvami o zagovarjanju interesov starejših odraslih. Elderspeak ali infantilizirajoča komunikacija je oblika interakcije, ki jo pogosto uporabljajo dobronamerni skrbniki, ki se morda ne zavedajo negativnih sporočil in posledic, ki jih prenašajo na starejše odrasle. V tem prispevku bomo opisali komunikacijske prakse, ki jih uporablja osebje pri delu s starejšimi odraslimi. Predstavitev vsebine: Govor starejših, ki je bil prvič opisan kot “otroški govor”, se s strani negovalnega osebja implicitno izraža tako na mikro kot na makro ravni. Zanj so zna- čilni uporaba pomanjševalnic, ponavljanje, pretirana intonacija, preprost besednjak in neustrezni ljubkovalni izrazi (kot so sladkorček, dojenček, babica, dragi, ljubezen). Pogosto se pri delu s starejšimi odraslimi izražamo, kot naprimer “Ali smo pripravljeni na kopanje?”, kar je neprimerno, saj se negovalci ne kopajo s starejšimi. Namesto tega je bolje primerno vprašati “Ali vam lahko pomagam, da se pripravite na kopel?” Govor starejših se najpogosteje uporablja, ko osebje pozna oskrbovanca in, če ima oskrbo-dults vanec kognitivne motnje, zlasti med vsakodnevnimi dejavnostmi. Nekatere posledice te oblike komunikacije vključujejo umik uporabnika, zmanjšano samozavest, depresijo lder a in odvisnost od drugih. Starejši odrasli, ki se lahko sporazumevajo, menijo, da je ta na-nd o čin komunikacije neprimeren. Poleg tega so študije na splošno pokazale, da se na me-ge a dicinske sestre, ki se na tak način pogovarjajo s starejšimi odraslimi gleda bolj nestro-kovnost, nespoštljivo, neprijazno, neustrežljivo in neusposobljeno, kot na medicinske rking-a sestre, ki govorijo primerno. Čeprav je skrit in govorcu pogosto neznan, se govor sta-o rejših uporablja za nadzor vedenja, izražanje odvisnosti, omejevanje pogovora in nami-f w govanje na pomanjkanje kompetenc. Prepoznavanje te nesprejemljive oblike komunikacije in zagotavljanje usposabljanja komunikacijskih veščin sta priznani intervenciji za ealth o premagovanje govora starejših Sklepne ugotovitve: Elderspeak kot prikrito obliko staranja v vsakodnevnih interakci-jah s starejšimi odraslimi je treba priznati, ker lahko negativno vpliva na njihovo splo-draslih | h šno socialno in psihološko zdravje. Čeprav se morda zdi dobronamerno, je zamenja-va z učinkovitejšimi oblikami komunikacije prek različnih izobraževalnih pobud nujna. tarejših o Ključne besede: starost, sporazumevanje, elderspeak, zdravstvena nega n s ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 192 Elderspeak: What is it? Patricia Bezek, Mateo Lebinec, Dijana Majstorović Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia Introduction and purpose: Ageism is present in everyday nursing practice and can some-times be disguised through humor or claims of advocating for the interests of older adults. Elderspeak, or infantilizing communication, is a form of interaction often used by wel -intentioned caregivers who may not realize the negative messages and consequences it conveys to the older adults. In this paper, we will describe the communication practices employed by staff when working with older adults. Content presentation: First described as “baby talk,” elderspeak is expressed implicit-ly at both micro and macro levels by nursing staff. It is characterized by the substitu-tion of col ective pronouns, the use of diminutives, repetition, exaggerated intona-tion, simple vocabulary, reduced grammatical complexity, and inappropriate terms of endearment (such as “honey,” “baby,” “grandma,” “sweetie,” “dear,” “love”). Often, when working with the older adults, phrases like “Are we ready for our bath?” are used, which is inappropriate because the care staff does not bathe with the older adults. In-s stead, asking “Can I help you get ready for a bath?” affirms the older adult as an individual with choices and capable of independent action. Elderspeak is most often used tation when staff are familiar with the resident and when the resident has a cognitive impairment, especial y during activities of daily living. Some of the consequences of this form resen p of communication include user withdrawal, reduced self-confidence, depression, and ster dependence on others. Older adults who can communicate consider this way of como munication inappropriate. Furthermore, studies have general y found that nurses who ji | p use elderspeak are viewed more negatively on several traits, such as professionalism, ster respect, friendliness, helpfulness, and competence, than nurses who speak neutral y. po Although hidden and often unknown to the speaker, elderspeak is used to control behavior, express dependence, limit conversation, and imply a lack of competence. Recognizing this unacceptable form of communication and providing communication skil s training are recognized interventions for overcoming elderspeak. Conclusions: Elderspeak, as a veiled form of ageism in everyday interactions with older adults, should be recognized because it can negatively affect their overall social and psychological health. Although it may seem wel -intentioned, replacing it with more effective forms of communication through various educational initiatives is essential. Keywords: ageism, communication, elderspeak, nursing care 193 Izboljšanje gibljivosti hrbtenice s prilagojeno vadbo s pomočjo umetne inteligence: primerjalna študija učinkovitosti programske opreme Kemtai Nenad Nedović1, Dimitrije Kovač2, Danilo Vujičić1, Stevan Jovanović1 1 Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, The Col ege of Health Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Fitness Medico Rehabilitation Center, Belgrade, Serbia Uvod: Kemtai je vadbena platforma, ki uporablja umetno inteligenco in računalniški vid za sledenje gibanju uporabnikov ter ponuja prilagojene vadbe in povratne informacije. Vsebuje različne vadbene programe, prilagojene ravni telesne pripravljenosti in ciljem uporabnikov, s ciljem povečati učinkovitost in motivacijo domačih vadb z zagotavljanjem interaktivne podpore in spremljanja napredka. Metode: V naši študiji smo želeli oceniti učinkovitost nadzorovanih in nenadzorovanih režimov vadbe za mobilnost hrbtenice, pri čemer smo udeležence razdelili na eksper-imentalno (n=7) in kontrolno (n=7) skupino. Udeleženci so bili mladi moški in ženske delovno sposobne populacije (n=14). Kontrolni skupini smo pokazali vaje za izboljšan-je gibljivosti hrbtenice in jih nato izvajali samostojno doma. Nasprotno pa se je eksperimentalna skupina vključila v svoj režim vadbe s programsko opremo Kemtai, platfor-dults mo, zasnovano za zagotavljanje povratnih informacij in navodil v realnem času, s čimer je zagotovilo pravilno izvajanje vaj doma. Temeljito smo beležili napredek udeležencev lder a v obeh skupinah, izvedli obsežne meritve na začetku in po 4 ter 8 tednih, da bi ocenili nd o vpliv posamezne metode na gibljivost hrbtenice. ge a Rezultati: Po 4 in 8 tednih posebnega režima vadbe je prišlo do pomembnega in stalne-ga izboljšanja torakalne ekstenzije v obeh skupinah (eksperimentalna skupina torakalne rking-ao ekstenzije 1 je bila 24,211,3± SD, po 4 tednih 27,110,7± SD, po 8 tednih 2910,2±; konf w trolna skupina torakalne ekstenzije 1 je bila 12,83,9± SD, po 4 tednih 175,3±, po 8 tednih 21,48,2± SD), kar poudarja učinkovitost režima pri izboljšanju tega posebnega vidika gibi hrbtenice. Medtem ko druge izmerjene spremenljivke (torakalna rotacija, ealth o aktivno dvigovanje ravnih nog, konice prstov do tal, aktivno iztegovanje kolen, ledvena fleksija/ekstenzija in torakalna fleksija) po 4 tednih niso pokazale bistvenih sprememb, kar nakazuje na ciljno učinkovitost vaj ali potrebo po daljše obdobje za opa-draslih | h zovanje opaznih izboljšav na teh področjih, trajno izboljšanje prsnega koša po 8 tednih krepi pozitiven učinek vaj na zdravju hrbtenice. tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Naše raziskave poudarjajo učinkovitost vadbene platforme n s Kemtai, ki posebej cilja na razširitev prsnega koša in gibljivost hrbtenice prek prilagojenih vadb. To kaže, da Kemtai obljublja kot uporaben vir za delovno sposobne ktivnih i posameznike, ki iščejo priročne metode za izboljšanje gibljivosti hrbtenice in splošne-ga fizičnega zdravja v svojih domovih. elovno a Ključne besede: AI, vadba, mobilnost zdravje d 194 Enhancing Spinal Mobility through Personalized AI-Powered Exercise: A Comparative Study of Kemtai Software Effectiveness Nenad Nedović1, Dimitrije Kovač2, Danilo Vujičić1, Stevan Jovanović1 1 Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, The Col ege of Health Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Fitness Medico Rehabilitation Center, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction: Kemtai is an exercise platform that employs AI and computer vision to track users’ movements, offering personalized workouts and feedback. It features various exercise programs tailored to users’ fitness levels and goals, aiming to enhance home workouts’ effectiveness and motivation by providing interactive support and progress monitoring. Method: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of supervised versus un-supervised exercise regimens for spinal mobility, dividing participants into an experimental (n = 7) and control (n = 7) group. Participants were young men and women of working-age population (n=14). The control group was shown exercises aimed at improving spine mobility and then performed these exercises independently at home. In contrast, the experimental group engaged in their exercise regimen using Kemtai soft-s ware, a platform designed to offer real-time feedback and guidance, thereby ensuring exercises were performed correctly at home. We thoroughly recorded the progress tation of participants in both groups, conducting comprehensive measurements baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks to assess the impact of each method on spine mobility. resen p Results: After 4 and 8 weeks of a specific exercise regimen, there was a significant and stero continued improvement in thoracic extension in both groups (experimental group ji | p thoracic extension 1 was 24.2+/- 11.3 SD, after 4 weeks 27.1+/-10.7 SD, after 8 weeks ster 29+/-10.2; control group thoracic extension 1 was 12.8+/-3.9 SD, after 4 weeks 17+/- po 5.3, after 8 weeks 21.4+/-8.2 SD), underscoring the regimen’s effectiveness in enhancing this particular aspect of spine movements. While other measured variables (thoracic rotation, active straight leg raise, fingertips to floor, active knee extension, lumbar flexion/ extension and thoracic flexion) did not show significant changes after 4 weeks, suggesting either the targeted effectiveness of the exercises or the necessity for a longer duration to observe notable improvements in those areas, the sustained improvement in thoracic extension after 8 weeks reinforces the positive impact of the exercises on spinal health. Conclusion: Our research highlights the efficacy of the Kemtai exercise platform, specifical y targeting thoracic extension and spine mobility via customized workouts. This indicates Kemtai’s promise as a useful resource for working-age individuals seeking convenient methods to improve spine mobility and overall physical health in their own homes. Keywords: AI, exercise, mobility 195 Vpliv opravljanja nočnega dela na prehrambne navade delavcev Helena Olenik1, Damir Hećimović2 1 Triglav zdravstvena zavarovalnica, Koper, Slovenija 2 Ortopedska bolnišnica Valdoltra, Ankaran, Slovenija Uvod: Pri določenih poklicih je potrebna stalna pripravljenost in delo v izmenah, za-to so nočne izmene neizogibne in nujno potrebne. Potek takega dela je velikokrat tu-di zelo stresn, zahteva pa tudi veliko mero zbranosti od zaposlenih. Z izvajanjem noč- nega dela pride do menjave dneva za noč, kar v telesu privede do mnogih sprememb, ki nočnim delavcem lahko poslabšajo samo kvaliteto in standard življenja. Tako noč- no delo, zaradi spremenjenega ritma spanja in spremenjenega hranjenja lahko poveča tveganje za številne zdravstvene problem in stanja. Metode: Pri pripravi članka nas je zanimala povezava med opravljanjem nočnega dela in prehranjevanjem delavcev v času nočne izmene. S tem namenom smo v podatkovni bazi PubMed z uporabo ključnih besed »prehrana«, » nočno delo «, » delavci «, » prehrana na delovnem mestu « poiskali znanstveno literaturo, objavljeno v obdobju od leta 2018 do leta 2023. Kot kriterij iskanja smo upoštevali še dostopnost celotnega besedila članka ter iskanje člankov v angleščem jeziku. dults Rezultati: S pravilno prehrano in ustreznim prehranjevanjem na delovnem mestu lahko lder a vplivamo na produktivnost, zmanjšuje utrujenost in izboljša koncentracijo na delovi- šču, omogoča nam bolj uspešno in kakovostno izvajanje nalog. Aktivna delovna popu-nd o lacija je glede na prehranjevalne navade na delovnem mestu ogrožena skupina. V razi-ge a skavi smo ugotovili, da, imajo delavci, ki delajo nočne izmene glede prehrane neurejen ritem prehranjevanja, nizek vnos sadja in zelenjave, visok energijski vnos neustreznih rking-ao hranil, previsok delež sladkorja ter soli v prehrani na delovnem mestu. Raziskani član-f w ki navajajo tudi hormonske motnje, povečano subjektivno lakoto, želodčne težave in povečano zaspanost delavcev, ki opravljajo izmensko delo. Izkazalo se je, da bi bilo ze-lo dobro uvajati in sprejeti nove zdrave prehranjevalne navade v službenem okolju. ealth o Razprava in zaključki: Izpolnitev pogojev, kot so uravnotežena prehrana, zadostna koli- čina spanca, skrb glede duševnega stanja, zadostna količina telesne aktivnosti so eden draslih | h ključnih dejavnikov pri zagotavlja dobro koncentracijo ter zadostne količine energije za delo. Pravilna prehrana na delovnem mestu v nočnem času, ko zaposlen opravlja svoje delo ima velik vpliv tudi na počutje in zdravje delavcev. Na tem področju bi bilo po-tarejših o trebno opraviti še kakšno raziskavo v povezvi opravljanja nočnega in izmenskega dela n s ter samega vpliva na kakovost življenja delavcev. Pri takih vrstah izobraževanj je dobro izvajati multidisciplinarno sodelovanje strokovnjakov s večjih področij dela, kot so po-ktivnih i dročja prehrane, gibanja in medicine. Ključne besede: prehrana, nočno delo, delavci, prehrana na delovnem mestu elovno a zdravje d 196 The influence of night work on the eating habits of workers Helena Olenik1, Damir Hećimović2 1 Triglav Insurance Community, Koper, Slovenia 2 Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, Ankaran, Slovenia Introduction: Certain professions require constant readiness and shift work, so night shifts are inevitable and necessary. The course of such work is often very stressful and requires a great deal of concentration from the employees. Performing night work causes to employees that can changes day to night, which leads to many changes in the body and can worsen the quality and standard of life. Work at night can increase the risk of many health problems and conditions due to a changed sleep rhythm and a changed diet. Methods: In the article, we were interested in the connection between performing night work and the nutrition of workers during the night shift. For searching, we used the PubMed database using the keywords “nutrition”, “night work”, “workers”, “nutrition at the workplace” for scientific literature published in the period from 2018 to 2023. As search criteria, we considered accessibility of the full text of the article and s searching for articles in English. Results: With proper nutrition and adequate nutrition at the workplace, we can influ-tation ence productivity, reduce fatigue and improve concentration at the workplace, ena-resen bling us to perform tasks more successful y and with high quality. The active working p population is a group at risk in terms of eating habits at the workplace. In the research, stero we found that workers who work in shifts especial y night shifts have a disordered eat-ji | p ing rhythm, low intake of fruits and vegetables, high energy intake of inadequate nutri-ster ents, and too high a proportion of sugar and salt in the diet. Researched articles also po describe hormonal disturbances, increased subjective hunger, stomach problems and increased sleepiness in shift workers. It turns out that it would be very good to introduce and adopt new healthy eating habits in the work environment. Discussion and conclusions: Fulfil ment of conditions such as a balanced diet, sufficient amount of sleep, concern about mental state, sufficient amount of physical activity are one of the key factors in ensuring good concentration and sufficient amount of energy for work. Proper nutrition at the workplace during the shifts and in night shifts, when the employee is doing his work, also has a great impact on the wel -being and health of the workers. In this area, it would be necessary to carry out some more research into the connection between night and shift work and its impact on the quality of life of workers. In such types of training, it is good to implement multidisciplinary cooperation of experts from major fields of work, such as the fields of nutrition, exercise and medicine. Keywords: nutrition, night work, workers, nutrition at the workplace 197 Odpornost in dobro počutje zaposlenih v nujni medicinski pomoči:večdimenzionalni kvalitativni pristop Benjamin Osmančević, Mirko Prosen Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Zaposleni v predbolnišnični nujni medicinski pomoči se med delom soočajo s številnimi izzivi. Izpostavljeni so številnim stresnim dogodkom in različnim drugim dejavnikom, kar lahko pomembno vpliva na njihovo zdravje in splošno dobro počutje. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil raziskati potencialne rešitve, namenjene izboljšanju dobrega počutja zaposlenih z njihove perspektive. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna, deskriptivna interpretativna metoda. Podatki so bili zbrani z individualnimi intervjuji, izvedenimi na daljavo. Intervjuji so bili opravljeni na Hrvaškem med februarjem in aprilom 2022. V namenski vzorec je bilo vključenih 26 zaposlenih v predbolnišnični nujni medicinski pomoči. Podatki so bili analizirani z metodo analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificiranih je bilo pet glavnih tem: (1) sistemi za podporo duševnemu zdravju; (2) ergonomske intervencije in intervencije na področju telesnega zdravja; dults (3) optimalno načrtovanje izmen in strategije okrevanja; (4) podpora in spremembe življenjskega sloga; (5) organizacijske strategije za dobro počutje. Zaposleni me-lder a nijo, da je za izboljšanje njihovega dobrega počutja potrebno uvesti posebne ukrepe, ki smo jih opredelili v podtemah vsake glavne teme. Med predlaganimi intervencijami nd o so poleg ergonomskih prilagoditev v reševalnih vozilih, programov telesne pripravlje-ge a nosti in usposabljanj za preprečevanje poškodb z namenom obravnave težav v zvezi z duševnim zdravjem tudi izvajanje storitev podpore in svetovanja na področju du-rking-ao ševnega zdravja, delavnic za obvladovanje stresa in usposabljanja za odpornost. Poleg f w omenjenega, poudarjajo pomen optimalnega razporejanja izmen, izobraževanja o hi-gieni spanja ter protokolov za počitek in okrevanje, da bi ublažili škodljive učinke dol-gih urnikov in neenakomerno razporejenega delovnega časa na njihovo splošno dobro ealth o počutje. Prav tako se zavzemajo za prehransko svetovanje, fitnes programe in vzpostavitev socialnih podpornih mrež za spodbujanje zdravega življenjskega sloga. Zaposleni, med drugim poudarjajo pomen okrepljenih organizacijskih politik, programov za draslih | h spodbujanje zdravja in dostopnosti virov, namenjenih dobremu počutju v njihovem delovnem okolju. tarejših o Razprava in zaključki: Ugotovitve poudarjajo pomemben vpliv dolgotrajnega dela v n s službah predbolnišnične nujne medicinske pomoči na dobro počutje zaposlenih ter pomen preusmeritve pozornosti iz identifikacije prisotnih problematik na praktično ktivnih i izvajanje proaktivnih ukrepov. Slednji bi morali biti po namenjeni krepitvi njihove odpornosti in dobrega počutja, kar pomembno prispeva k bolj zdravemu in trajnostno naravnanemu delovnemu okolju. elovno a Ključne besede: Predbolnišnična nujna medicnska pomoč, promocija zdravja, poklicno zdravje zdravje d 198 Resilience and well-being among ambulance personnel: A multidimensional qualitative approach Benjamin Osmančević, Mirko Prosen University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Ambulance personnel face a multitude of chal enges while on duty, including exposure to stressful events and various factors within outpatient emergency medical service, which can significantly impact their health and overall wel -being. Recognizing the importance of addressing these chal enges, the main objective of this study was to explore potential solutions aimed at enhancing the wel -being of ambulance personnel from their perspective. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive interpretative research design was used, involving individual face-to-face and online interviews with ambulance personnel conducted between February and April 2022 in Croatia. The purposive sample included 26 ambulance personnel. The data was analysed using a method of content analysis. Results: Five main themes emerged from our data: (1) Mental health support systems; (2) Ergonomic and physical health interventions; (3) Optimized shift scheduling and re-s covery strategies; (4) Lifestyle support and modifications; (5) Organizational strategies for wel -being. Ambulance personnel believe that introducing specific interventions tation is necessary to improve their wel -being, as outlined within the subthemes identified resen for each topic. Among the proposed interventions are the implementation of men-p tal health support and counsel ing services, stress management workshops, and resil-stero ience training to address mental health concerns, alongside ergonomic adjustments in ji | p ambulances, physical fitness programs, and injury prevention training. Furthermore, ster ambulance personnel emphasize the importance of optimized shift scheduling, sleep po hygiene education, and rest and recovery protocols to mitigate the detrimental effects of long and irregular work hours on their overall wel -being. They also advocate for nutritional guidance, fitness programs, and the establishment of social support networks to encourage healthy lifestyle choices. Moreover, they highlight the significance of enhanced organizational policies, health promotion programs, and resources dedicated to wel -being within their workplace environment. Discussion and conclusions: The findings underscore the significant impact of long-term work in emergency medical services on the wel -being of ambulance personnel. Moreover, they highlight the importance of shifting the focus from problem identification to implementing proactive measures aimed to supporting resilience and wel -being of ambulance personnel. In conclusion, this study emphasized the need for proactive measures to address the wel -being of ambulance personnel. By prioritizing the implementation of solutions identified through this research, organizations can better support the resilience and overall wel -being of their employees, ultimately fostering a healthier and more sustainable work environment. Keywords: Emergency medical services, health promotion, occupational health 199 Stopnje telesne aktivnosti in indeks telesne mase na vzorcu delovno aktivnih odraslih Angelka Pešterac-Kujundžić, Aleksandra Aleksić, Danilo Vujičić, Nenad Nedović, Stevan Jovanović Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Col ege of Health Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia Uvod: Stopnja telesne dejavnosti in indeks telesne mase (ITM) sta pomembna kazal-ca zdravja in dobrega počutja, zlasti med delovno aktivnim prebivalstvom. Vprašalnik Baecke se običajno uporablja za ocenjevanje ravni telesne dejavnosti na različnih področjih, medtem ko ITM zagotavlja vpogled v prehranski status. Namen te študije je bil raziskati razmerje med stopnjami telesne aktivnosti, merjeno z Baeckejevim vprašalnikom, in ITM na vzorcu delovno aktivnih posameznikov. Metode: Vzorec je vključeval 40 delovno aktivnih posameznikov (povprečna starost 20.29 let). Udeleženci raziskave so izpolnili Baeckejev vprašalnik za samooceno stopnje telesne dejavnosti v prostočasni in športni dejavnosti v preteklem letu. ITM je bil izračunan s pomočjo formule, upoštevajoč višino in telesno maso. Podatki so predstavljeni kot povprečne vrednosti. dults Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali višje povprečne vrednosti indeksa prostega časa (3,09) v primerjavi z indeksom športa (2,56), kar kaže na večjo vključenost udeležencev v lder a prostočasne dejavnosti. Vendar je bila najpogostejša vrednost, ki so jo dosegli člani skupine, višja pri športnem indeksu (3,5), kar kaže na pretežno ukvarjanje z organizi-nd o ranim športom. Mediana ITM je bila 20,7, povprečne vrednosti ITM pa so se približa-ge a le zgornji meji normalnih vrednosti (24,28), kar kaže na splošno ustrezno prehransko stanje udeležencev. rking-ao Razprava in zaključki: Ugotovitve poudarjajo zapletenost vzorcev telesne dejavnosti f w med delovno sposobnim prebivalstvom, pri čemer posamezniki kažejo mešanico dejavnosti v prostem času in s športom. Pretežno ukvarjanje z organiziranim športom ealth o kaže na potencialne koristi za telesno pripravljenost in zdravje. Poleg tega rezultati ITM kažejo na ustrezen prehranski status v skupini. Na splošno te ugotovitve poudarjajo pomen spodbujanja telesne dejavnosti in zdrave prehrane med delovno sposob-draslih | h nim prebivalstvom za podporo optimalnega zdravja in dobrega počutja. Nadaljnje raziskave so potrebne za raziskovanje dolgoročnih posledic teh ugotovitev in razvoj ciljno usmerjenih intervencij za izboljšanje zdravstvenih rezultatov v tej demografski skupini. tarejših on s Ključne besede: Baeckejev vprašalnik, šport, prosti čas ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 200 Physical Activity Levels and Body Mass Index in a sample of Working-Age Population Angelka Pešterac-Kujundžić, Aleksandra Aleksić, Danilo Vujičić, Nenad Nedović, Stevan Jovanović Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Col ege of Health Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia Introduction: Physical activity levels and body mass index (BMI) are important indicators of health and wel -being, particularly among the working-age population. The Baecke questionnaire is commonly used to assess physical activity levels across various domains, while BMI provides insight into nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity levels, as measured by the Baecke questionnaire, and BMI in a sample of working-age individuals. Methods: A sample of 40 working-age (mean age 20.29 years) individuals was recruited for the study. Participants completed the Baecke questionnaire to assess physical activity levels, focusing on the leisure and sports indices. BMI was calculated using standard height and weight measurements. Data were analyzed to determine average scores for the leisure and sports indices, as well as mean and mode BMI values for the group. s Results: The results revealed higher average values for the leisure index (3.09) compared to the sports index (2.56), indicating greater engagement in leisure activities tation among participants. However, the most frequent value achieved by group members resen was higher on the sports index (3.5), suggesting predominant involvement in organ-p ized sports. Median BMI value was 20.7 and mean BMI values approached the upper stero limit of normal values (24.28), indicating overall adequate nutritional status. ji | p Discussion and Conclusions: The findings highlight the complexity of physical activity ster patterns among the working-age population, with individuals showing a mix of leisure po and sports-related activities. The predominant engagement in organized sports suggests potential benefits for physical fitness and health. Additional y, the BMI results indicate general y adequate nutritional status within the group. Overal , these findings underscore the importance of promoting both physical activity and healthy nutrition among the working-age population to support optimal health and wel -being. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term implications of these findings and to develop targeted interventions for improving health outcomes in this demographic. Keywords: Baecke questionnaire, sport, leisure 201 Samoocena ustnega zdravja pri odraslih v Sloveniji v 2019 Martin Ranfl1, Anja Durjava2, Barbara Artnik3 1 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Območna enota Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenija 2 Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje, Območna enota Maribor, Maribor, Slovenija 3 Univerza v Ljubljani, Medicinska fakulteta, Katedra za javno zdravje, Ljubljana, Slovenija Uvod: Samoocena ustnega zdravja je subjektiven, a pomemben kazalnik ustnega zdravja posameznika. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti raven samoocene ustnega zdravja v Sloveniji. Metode: »Nacionalna raziskava o ustnem zdravju odraslih v Sloveniji leta 2019 « je bi-la izvedena na vzorcu 3.200 odraslih prebivalcev Slovenije, starih med 18 in 74 let. Sodelujoči so po pošti prejeli povabilo za sodelovanje v spletni anketi, starejšim od 44 let smo ob obvestilnem pismu priložili še pisno obliko vprašalnika. Področje samoocene ustnega zdravja je bilo ocenjeno s pomočjo vprašanja: » Kako ocenjujete svoje ustno zdravje? «, možni odgovori so bili: »Z elo dobro.«, »D obro.«, »S rednje.«, »S labo.«, »Z e-lo slabo.«. Za potrebe statistične analize smo združili skrajne kategorije. Podatke smo analizirali glede na demografske podatke. Porazdelitve deležev med različnimi skupi-dults nami (po spolu, starosti, izobrazbi in bivalnem okolju) smo testirali s testom hi-kvadrat in testom CCP (angl. Column Comparison Proprotion test) za primerjavo dele-lder a žev med različnimi skupinami. nd o Rezultati: Svoje ustno zdravje pozitivno ocenjuje 60 % oseb, med njimi 12 % oseb kot ge a »zelo dobro«. Kot »slabo« ali »zelo slabo« svoje ustno zdravje ocenjuje 8 % oseb. Ustno zdravje pozitivno ocenjuje 62 % žensk, medtem ko je takšnih med moškimi 57 rking-ao %. Obratno je delež tistih, ki svoje ustno zdravje ocenjujejo negativno, višji med mo-f w škimi kot med ženskami (10 % proti 6 %), razlika je statistično značilna (test CCP, p = 0,021). Delež oseb, ki svoje ustno zdravje ocenjujejo negativno, je najnižji med odraslimi z najvišjo izobrazbo (8 % odraslih z največ osnovnošolsko izobrazbo, 10 % odraslih ealth o s srednješolsko izobrazbo in 4 % odraslih z najmanj višješolsko izobrazbo). Razprava in zaključki: Samoocena ustnega zdravja je povezana s socioekonomskimi de-draslih | h javniki, kot so spol, izobrazba in bivalno okolje. Raven ustnega zdravja odraslih prebivalcev Slovenije, izhajajoč iz samoocene, ni visoka. Nezanemarljiv delež odraslih v Sloveniji namreč svoje ustno zdravje ocenjuje negativno, kar predstavlja pomemben tarejših o problem. Glede na ugotovljeno prevalenco negativne samoocene ustnega zdravja lah-n s ko ocenimo, da je ob več kot 117.000 osebah, ki negativno ocenjujejo svoje ustno zdravje, tudi več kot 480.000 takih, ki svoje ustno zdravje ocenjujejo kot »srednje«. Za ktivnih i njih lahko upravičeno predvidevamo, da imajo občasne težave z ustnim zdravjem. De-lež oseb, ki svoje ustno zdravje ocenjujejo negativno, je višji med moškimi, med starejšimi od 45 let, med nižje izobraženimi (največ osnovnošolska izobrazba) in med ti-elovno a stimi, ki živijo v vaškem okolju. Te skupine lahko izpostavimo kot bolj ranljive z vidika ustnega zdravja. Pri ohranjanju in krepitvi ustnega zdravja ima ključno vlogo primerna zdravje d skrb za ustno zdravje. Neredno čiščenje zob in neredni obiski pri zobozdravniku vodijo v nastanek bolezni v ustni votlini, bolečine, nelagodje in v skrajnem primeru v izgubo zob z vsemi posledicami, ki jih to stanje prinaša. Omenjene skupine so tudi tiste, h katerim je potrebno v prihodnje usmeriti preventivne aktivnosti. Ključne besede: ustno zdravje, samoocena ustnega zdravja, raziskave ustnega zdravja, ustna higiena, skrb za ustno zdravje 202 Self-assessment of the oral health of adults in Slovenia in 2019 Martin Ranfl1, Anja Durjava2, Barbara Artnik3 1 National Institute of Public Health, Regional Unit Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia 2 National Institute of Public Health, Regional Unit Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia 3 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia Introduction: Self-assessment of oral health is a subjective but important indicator of an individual’s oral health. The aim of the study was to determine the level of self-assessed oral health in Slovenia. Methods: The »National Oral Health Survey of Adults in Slovenia in 2019« was conducted on a sample of 3,200 adult residents of Slovenia aged between 18 and 74 years. Participants received an invitation to participate in the online survey by post, and a written questionnaire was enclosed with the notification letter for people over 44 years of age. The self-assessment of oral health was evaluated using the question: »How do you rate your oral health?«, possible answers were: »Very good«, »Good«, »Fair«, »Poor«, »Very poor«. The extreme categories were combined for the statis-s tical analysis. The data were analysed according to demographic data. We tested the distributions of proportions between different groups (by gender, age, education and tation living environment) using the chi-square test and the Column Comparison Proportion (CCP) test to compare proportions between different groups. resen p Results: 60% of respondents rated their oral health positively, 12% of whom rated it stero as »very good«. 8% of respondents rated their oral health as »poor« or »very poor«. ji | p 62% of women rated their oral health positively, compared to 57% of men. Converse-ster ly, the proportion of those who rated their oral health negatively was higher among po men than women (10% compared to 6%); the difference is statistical y significant (CCP test, p=0.021). The proportion of people who rated their oral health negatively was lowest among adults with the highest level of education (8% of adults with at least primary education, 10% of adults with secondary education and 4% of adults with at least tertiary education). Discussion and conclusions: Self-assessed oral health is related to socioeconomic factors such as gender, education and living environment. The level of oral health of Slovenian adults, based on self-assessment, is not high. A significant proportion of adults in Slovenia rate their oral health negatively, which is a major problem. Given the observed prevalence of negative self-assessment of oral health, it can be estimated that in addition to the more than 117,000 people who rate their oral health negatively, there are also more than 480,000 who rate their oral health as »fair«. It can be assumed that they occasional y have problems with their oral health. The proportion of people who rate their oral health negatively is higher among men, people over the age of 44, people with a lower level of education (mainly primary education) and people living in rural areas. These groups can be considered particularly vulnerable in terms of oral health. Adequate oral health care plays a key role in maintaining and strengthening oral health. Inadequate frequency of tooth brushing and irregular visits to the dentist lead to the development of oral diseases, pain, discomfort and ultimately tooth loss with all its consequences. These are also the groups on which preventive measures should be focused in the future. Keywords: oral health, oral health self-assessment, dental health surveys, oral hygiene, oral health care 203 Ozaveščenost o spolno prenosljivih boleznih med prebivalci Slovenije Iris Ruzzier, Sandra Martinuč Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija Uvod: Spolno prenosljive bolezni že stoletja vzbujajo veliko zaskrbljenost, saj veljajo za velik dejavnik tveganja obolelosti in umrljivosti ter ostajajo eden izmed problemov javnega zdravja doma in po svetu. Glede na to je pomembno pravočasno ozaveščanje prebivalstva in prepoznavanje spolno prenosljivih bolezni ter nudenje ustreznih informacij in zdravljenje. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti ozaveščenost in znanje prebivalstva Slovenije o spolno prenosljivih boleznih. Metode: Za izdelavo teoretičnega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela, katera je zajemala pregled znanstvenih monografij ter strokovnih in znanstvenih člankov. Uporabljeni iskalni pojmi so bili: spolno prenosljive bolezni, spolnost, medicinska sestra, spolno prenosljive bolezni. V nadaljevanju je bila uporabljena tehnika anketiranja, uporabili smo strukturiran instrument v obliki anketnega vprašalnika, ki je bil od aprila do junija 2023 objavljen na spletni strani www.1ka.si. Vprašalnik je izpolnilo 141 prebivalcev obeh spolov, starih od 18 let ali manj do 56 let ali več. Zbrane podatke smo obdelali v programu Microsoft Excel. Pridobljene podatke smo statistično obdelali in dults prikazali v odstotkih ter jih primerjali med seboj. lder a Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da imajo prebivalci Slovenije pomanjkljivo znanje o spolno prenosljivih boleznih. Anketirancem je najbolj znana spolno prenosljiva bolezen nd o HIV (n=128, 12%) , najmanj pa trihomoniaza (n= 25, 2%), katera je v zadnjih letih v ge a porastu prav tako kot ostale bolj poznane spolno prenosljive bolezni. Znanje o zašči-ti pred spolno prenosljivimi boleznimi je zadovoljivo, saj se velik del anketirancev po-rking-ao služuje primerne zaščite pred spolnim odnosom (n=120; 30%). Med anketiranci je bilo f w razvidno, da se nekateri ne zaščitijo in ne uporabljajo zaščite pred spolnim odnosom. Preprečevanje novo nastalih spolno prenosljivih bolezni je bistvenega pomena, zato smo anketirance povprašali tudi o pogostosti zaščite. Iz raziskave smo ugotovili, da se ealth o| h velik del ankentirancev zmeraj zaščiti (43%), najmanj pa se jih zaščiti občasno ali zelo pogosto (11%). draslih Razprava in zaključki: Spolno prenosljive bolezni se delijo glede na povzročitelje in sicer na virusne, bakterijske, glivične in preostale povzročitelje (praživali in ektoparaziti). Skoraj vsem spolno prenosljivih bolezni je skupen način prenosa; ravno obratno pa je tarejših o zdravljenje le teh, saj je osredotočeno na določeno spolno bolezen. Pozorni moramo n s biti na asimptomatske spolno prenosljive bolezni, saj se po podatkih zadnja leta spolno prenosljive bolezni odkrije po naključju, kar predstavlja slabšo prognozo za zdravlje-ktivnih i nje ter nadaljnjo obravnavo samega pacienta. Naloga medicinske sestre je na tem področju raznolika, saj je za samega pacienta ter potek zdravljenja bistvenega pomena. elovno a Ključne besede: spolno prenosljive bolezni, ozaveščenost prebivalcev, vloga medicinske sestre zdravje d 204 Awareness of sexually transmitted diseases among the population of Slovenia Iris Ruzzier, Sandra Martinuč University of Primorska Faculty of Health sciences, Izola, Slovenia Introduction: Sexual y transmitted diseases have been a major concern for centuries, as they are a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality and remain a public health problem at home and worldwide. In this context, it is important to raise awareness and identify sexual y transmitted diseases in a timely manner, and to provide appropriate information and treatment. The aim of the survey was to determine the awareness and knowledge of the population of Slovenia about sexual y transmitted diseases. Methods: The descriptive method was used for the theoretical work, which included a review of scientific monographs and professional and scientific articles. The search terms used were: sexual y transmitted diseases, sexuality, nurse, sexual y transmitted diseases. The survey technique used was a structured instrument in the form of a questionnaire published on the website www.1ka.si from April to June 2023, which was completed by 141 people of both sexes, aged 18 or under to 56 or over. The data s col ected were processed in Microsoft Excel. The data obtained were statistical y processed and presented as percentages and compared with each other. tation Results: The survey revealed that people in Slovenia have insufficient knowledge about resen sexual y transmitted diseases. HIV is the most known sexual y transmitted disease p (n=128, 12%) and trichomoniasis is the least known (n=25, 2%), which has been on stero the rise in recent years, just like other more wel -known sexual y transmitted diseases. ji | p Knowledge about protection against sexual y transmitted diseases itself is satisfactory, ster as a large proportion of respondents use adequate protection before sexual intercourse po (n=120; 30%). Among the respondents, it was evident that some do not protect themselves and do not use protection before sexual intercourse. Prevention of newly emerg-ing sexual y transmitted diseases is essential, and we asked respondents about the frequency of protection against them. From the survey, we found that a large proportion of respondents always protect themselves (43%), while the lowest proportion some-times or very often protect themselves (11%). Discussion and conclusions: Sexual y transmitted diseases are divided into viral, bacterial, fungal and residual agents (protozoa and ectoparasites) according to their causa-tive agents. Almost all sexual y transmitted diseases share a common mode of transmission; the opposite is true for their treatment, which focuses on a specific sexual y transmitted disease. We need to pay attention to asymptomatic sexual y transmitted diseases, as data show that in recent years sexual y transmitted diseases have been detected incidental y, which represents a poorer prognosis for treatment and further management of the patient. The nurse’s role in this area is varied, as it is essential for the patient and the course of treatment. Keywords: sexual y transmitted diseases, public awareness, role of the nurse 205 Potencialni viri okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom, v enoti intenzivne terapije Andrejka Vončina Čermelj1, Katja Kranjc1, Mojca Novak2 1Univerza na Primorskem Fakulteta za vede o zdravju, Izola, Slovenija 2Univerzitetna klinika za pljučne bolezni in alergijo Golnik, Golnik, Slovenija Uvod: Okužbe povezane z zdravstvom (OPZ) so ene najpogostejših zapletov zdravstvene obravnave. Velika večina tovrstnih okužb je zabeleženih v enotah intenzivne terapije (EIT), kjer se pogosteje uporablja invazivne pripomočke, kot so endotrahealni tubus, žilni ter urinski katetri. Gre predvsem za bakterijske povzročitelje, pri katerih se beleži naraščajoč trend proti antibiotikom odpornih sevov. Namen študije je bil določiti številčnost mikroorganizmov v neposredni bližini pacientov in rokah zaposlenih na oddelku EIT ene izmed slovenskih bolnišnic. Metode: Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo eksperimentalne metode dela, pri kateri smo mikrobiološko vzorčili: roke zaposlenih pred izvajanjem jutranje nege; delovne obleke po končani izmeni; obposteljne mizice pred razkuževanjem; površino vozička za jemanje krvi vsaj tri ure po razkuževanju; ter s pomočjo sedimentacijske metode preverili mikrobiološko kakovost zraka pred prezračevanjem in čiščenjem prostora. Po vzor-dults čenju smo vzorce dostavili v mikrobiološki laboratorij bolnišnice, kjer so jih obdelali po smernicah mednarodnega standarda pod številko ISO 15189. Bakterijske vrste so lder a identificirali s pomočjo metode ionizacije v matriksu z desorpcijo z laserjem in masnim nd o analizatorjem časa preleta ionov (MALDI-TOF). ge a Rezultati: V 45 vzorcih je poraslo skupno 65 bakterijskih vrst in en izolat pripadnika ro-du gliv. Glede na raznolikost mikrobne združbe, se je najvišja pokazala v vzorčenem rking-ao zraku, kjer smo našli kar 16 različnih vrst mikroorganizmov. Sledile so delovna obleka f w (n=14), roke zaposlenih (n=7) in obposteljna mizica (n=3). Na delovni površini vozič- ka za jemanje krvi, pri uporabljenih pogojih, nismo potrdili prisotnosti živih mikroorganizmov. Izmed vseh odvzetih vzorcev smo v največ primerih potrdili koagulaza nega-ealth o tivne stafilokoke, kot sta vrsti Staphylococcus epidermidis (v 15 od skupno 45 vzorcev) in S. hominis (12/45). Ostale vrste, ki smo jih potrdili v več kot 1.5 % vseh vzorcev so bi-le: Priestia flexa (5/45), S. aureus (4/45), Micrococcus luteus (3/45), S. warneri (3/45), S. draslih | h capitis (3/45), S. haemolyticus (2/45), B. cereus (2/45) ter Peanibacil us urinaris (2/45). Pomembni bakterijski vrsti, iz vidika povzročiteljev OPZ, kateri smo identificirali samo tarejših o enkrat sta Klebsiel a oxytoca ter Stenotrophnomonas spp. n s Razprava in zaključki: S primerjavo evropskih in slovenskih presečnih študij smo prišli do ugotovitve, da smo identificirali vrste mikroorganizmov za katere so poročali, da ktivnih i so možni povzročitelji sepse v povezavi z žilnimi katetri, okužb sečil v povezavi z urin-skim katetrom in pljučnic, povezanih z endotrahealnim tubusom. Ker smo v raziskavi izolirali možne povzročitelje OPZ, je smiselno, da podatke predstavimo zaposlenim in elovno a jih seznanimo, kateri mikroorganizmi so prisotni v njihovem delovnem okolju. Slednje lahko deluje na zaposlene kot motivacija za dosledno izvajanje standardnih ukrepov za zdravje d preprečevanje prenosa povzročiteljev OPZ. Ključne besede: okužbe povezane z zdravstvom, preprečevanje okužb, intenzivni oddelek 206 Potential sources of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit Andrejka Vončina Čermelj1, Katja Kranjc1, Mojca Novak2 1University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia 2University Clinic of Respiratory and Al ergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), where the frequent use of invasive devices like endotracheal tubes, intravascular, and urinary catheters increase the risk. These infections are mainly caused by bacteria, with a growing trend of antibiotic-resistant strains. The aim of the study was to determine the abundance of microorganisms in close proximity to patients and on the hands of healthcare personnel within the ICU of a Slovenian hospital. Methods: Data were col ected using an experimental approach, involving microbiological sampling of various surfaces: the hands of healthcare personnel prior to morning care; work clothing after the shift; bedside tables pre-disinfection; the surface of the blood collection trolley at least three hours post-disinfection; and the microbiological quality of the air before ventilation and room sanitation using a sedimentation meth-s od. Following sampling, the specimens were transferred to the hospital’s microbiological laboratory and processed in accordance with the international standard ISO 15189. tation Bacterial species were identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF) method. resen p Results: A total of 65 bacterial species and one fungal genus were identified in 45 sam-stero ples. The highest diversity of microbial community was observed in the air, where ji | p we found 16 different species of microorganisms. This was fol owed by work cloth-ster ing (n=14), personnel hands (n=7), and bedside table (n=3). There were no microor-po ganisms detected on the working surface of the blood col ection trol ey. Among al samples, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently detected, including Staphylococcus epidermidis (in 15 out of 45 samples) and S. hominis (12/45). Other species detected in more than 1.5% of all samples were: Priestia flexa (5/45), S. aureus (4/45), Micrococcus luteus (3/45), S. warneri (3/45), S. capitis (3/45), S. haemolyticus (2/45), B. cereus (2/45), and Peanibacil us urinaris (2/45). Notably, two important bacterial species in terms of HCAI were also identified: Klebsiel a oxytoca and Stenotropho-monas spp. Discussion and Conclusion: Through a comparison to European and Slovenian cross-sectional studies, we have identified microorganisms that were implicated as possible causes of sepsis associated to vascular catheters, urinary tract infections associated with urinary catheters, and pneumonia associated with endotracheal tubes. Given the isolation of potential pathogens associated with HCAI in our study, it is important to share these results to the healthcare personnel and educate them about the microorganisms present in their work environment. Furthermore, these findings can serve as a motivation to consistently adhere to standard protocols aimed at preventing the transmission of HCAI pathogens. Keywords: healthcare-associated infections, infection prevention, intensive care unit 207 Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na zdravje starejših odraslih: vloga medicinskih sester Katarina Vuk1, Lorena Dukmenić1, Nikolina Rončević1, Emina Pustijanac2, Dijana Majstorović1 1Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia Izhodišča in namen: Podnebne spremembe predstavljajo vse izrazitejšo grožn-jo globalnemu zdravju, še posebej prizadenejo starejše odrasle. Ta članek poudarja ključno vlogo medicinskih sester pri soočanju z vse večjim izzivom prilagajanja zdravstvene nege. Predstavitev vsebine: Odzivi starejših odraslih na podnebne spremembe izhajajo iz večplastnega nabora dejavnikov, ki zajemajo fiziološke procese staranja, sociodemo-grafske značilnosti in geografske razmere. Ključni koraki pri prilagajanju zdravstvene nege vključujejo prepoznavanje zdravstvenih težav, povezanih s podnebnimi spremembami, prilagajanje strategij zdravstvene nege za ublažitev povečanih tveganj, povezanih s podnebjem, širjenje zgodnjih opozorilnih informacij o vremenskih dogodkih in napovedovanje izbruhov bolezni, ki jih povzroča vreme. Poleg tega je nujno dults določiti posameznike, ki so najbolj izpostavljeni ali dovzetni za učinke podnebnih sprememb, ter izvajati izobraževalne pobude za ozaveščanje starejših in širše javnosti o lder a preventivnih ukrepih. Predvsem je raziskav o odnosu medicinskih sester do podnebnih nd o sprememb malo ali jih sploh ni, kar ovira naše razumevanje njihovega dojemanja tega ge a vprašanja. Izobraževalni programi pogosto spregledajo vpliv podnebnih sprememb in poudarjajo potrebo po nenehnem izboljševanju teh programov, da se zagotovi ustrez-rking-a na priprava za zagotavljanje oskrbe v spreminjajoči se podnebni pokrajini. Vključevanje o informacij o zdravstvenih posledicah podnebnih sprememb za starejše v rutinske prak-f w se zdravstvene nege ter zagovarjanje politik in praks, katerih cilj je zmanjšati ranljivost starejših za vplive podnebnih sprememb, sta ključna sestavna dela tega prizadevanja. ealth o Sklepne ugotovitve: Aktivno sodelovanje je nepogrešljivo pri obravnavanju globalnih zdravstvenih izzivov, ki jih prinašajo podnebne spremembe. Kljub zapletenosti posledic podnebnih sprememb lahko medicinske sestre in zdravstveni delavci oblikujejo draslih | h pristope oskrbe bolnikov, ki obravnavajo s podnebjem povezana tveganja in spodbujajo zdravje starejših odraslih. S temi prizadevanji se je mogoče izogniti nujnim medicin-tarejših o skim posegom in hospitalizacijam ter zmanjšati tveganje resnih zdravstvenih zapletov. n s Ključne besede: podnebne razmere, starejši odrasli, zdravstvena nega ktivnih i elovno a zdravje d 208 The Impact of Climate Change on the Health of the Elderly: The Role of Nurses Katarina Vuk1, Lorena Dukmenić1, Nikolina Rončević1, Emina Pustijanac2, Dijana Majstorović1 1Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia Introduction and purpose: Climate change poses an increasingly pronounced threat to global health, particularly affecting the elderly. This paper underscores the pivotal role of nurses in confronting the escalating chal enge of nursing care adaptation. Content presentation: Older individuals’ responses to climate change stem from a mul-tifaceted array of factors, encompassing physiological aging processes, sociodemographic characteristics, and geographic conditions. Vital steps in nursing care adaptation entail identifying health issues linked to climate change, adjusting nursing care strategies to mitigate heightened climate-related risks, disseminating early warning information about weather events, and forecasting weather-induced disease outbreaks. Moreover, it is imperative to pinpoint individuals with the highest exposure or suscep-s tibility to climate change effects and implement educational initiatives to raise awareness among the elderly and the general public about preventive measures. Notably, tation research on nurses’ attitudes toward climate change is scarce or nonexistent, hinder-ing our comprehension of their perceptions of this issue. Education programs often resen p overlook the impact of climate change, underscoring the need for continual enhance-ster ment of these programs to ensure adequate preparation for delivering care in a shift-o ing climate landscape. Integrating information on the health implications of climate ji | p change for the elderly into routine nursing practices and advocating for policies and ster practices aimed at reducing the vulnerability of the elderly to climate change impacts po are pivotal components of this endeavor. Conclusions: Active engagement is indispensable in addressing the global health challenges posed by climate change. Despite the complexity of climate change consequences, nurses and healthcare professionals can devise patient care approaches that address climate-related risks and promote the health of older adults. Through these endeavors, it is plausible to circumvent emergency medical interventions, and hospitalizations, and mitigate the risk of severe health complications. Keywords: climate change, elderly, nursing care 209 Zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih Health of Working-Age and Older Adults 7. znanstvena in strokovna konferenca z mednarodno udeležbo, Izola, 19. in 20. september 2024 7th scientific and professional international conference, Izola, 19th and 20th September 2024 Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo / Book of Abstracts Uredila / Edited by Ana Petelin Recenzenti / Reviewers ■ Jasmina Irena Barać, Maša Černelič Bizjak, Sara Fabjan, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Žiga Kozinc, Denisa Manojlović Ivezić, Melita Peršolja, Ana Petelin, Nastja Podrekar Loredan, Doroteja Rebec, Darjan Smajla, Boštjan Žvanut Oblikovanje in prelom / Design and Typesetting ■ Jonatan Vinkler Izdajatelj / Published by ■ Založba Univerze na Primorskem / University of Primorska Press Titov trg 4, SI-6000 Koper Koper 2024 Glavni urednik / Editor-in-Chief ■ Jonatan Vinkler Vodja založbe / Managing Editor ■ Alen Ježovnik Brezplačna elektronska izdaja http://www.hippocampus.si/ISBN/978-961-293-369-2.pdf http://www.hippocampus.si/ISBN/978-961-293-370-8/index.html https://doi.org/10.26493/978-961-293-369-2 © 2024 avtorji / authors Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID 207451395 ISBN 978-961-293-369-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-961-293-370-8 (HTML) Document Outline Petelin, Ana, ur. 2024. Zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih / Health of Working-Age and Older Adults. Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo ▪︎ Book of Abstracts. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press Vsebina ▪︎ Contents Uvodne misli ▪︎ Preface Vabljeni predavatelji ▪︎ Invited lecturers Plenarna predavanja ▪︎ Plenary lectures Konferenčni povzetki ▪︎ Conference abstracts Sekcija/Section Duševno zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ▪︎ Mental health of working-age and older adults Sekcija/Section Izzivi na področju ergonomije, gibalne (ne)aktivnosti in sedentarnega vedenja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ▪︎ Challenges in human factors, physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviour among working-age and older adults Sekcija/Section Prehrana in zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ▪︎ Nutrition and health of working-age and older adults Sekcija/Section Preventiva in rehabilitacija delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ▪︎ Prevention and rehabilitation for working-age and older adults Sekcija/Section Problemi, izzivi in priložnosti na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ▪︎ Concerns, challenges and opportunities in the health of working-age and older adults Sekcija/Section Uporaba IKT rešitev na področju zdravja delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih ▪︎ ICT solutions for health of working-age and older adults Posterji ▪︎ Poster presentations Kolofon ▪︎ Colophone