REISSERONIA LESARI SP. NOV., R. GERTRUDAE Sie d e r , 1962 
ANd R. TARNIERELLA (Br u ANd , 1850) iN SLOVe NiA 
(Le Pid OPTe r A: PSYCHid Ae )
Željko Pr e d o v n ik
1
, Jurij r e k e l J
2
, Stanislav Go mb o c
3
1
o b železnici 82, 3313 Polzela, Slovenia. e -mail: predovnik1@gmail.com
2
Struževo 35, 4000 k ranj, Slovenia. e -mail: jurij.rekelj@gmail.com
3
Gančani 110, 9231 b eltinci, Slovenia. e -mail: stanislav.gomboc@siol.net
Abstract – The present study reviews the genus Reisseronia (b ruand, 1850) in Slovenia.
Two species, R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella (b ruand, 1850), are new to
Slovenian fauna and Reisseronia lesari sp. nov. is described from r adensko polje in
the central part of the country. The new species is parthenogenetic and is compared
with several related taxa. morphological differences are presented and shown in figures.
Additional data about the habitat and biology of the discussed species are provided.
k e y w o r d S: l epidoptera, Psychidae, Reisseronia, new species, fauna, Slovenia.
izvleček – REISSERONIA LESARI n o v A v r STA, R. GERTRUDAE Sie d e r , 1962
in R. TARNIERELLA (b r UAn d , 1850) v Sl o v e n iJi (l e Pid o PTe r A: PSy c -
Hid Ae )
Pričujoča študija nam daje pregled rodu Reisseronia (b ruand, 1850) v Sloveniji.
d ve vrsti, R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 in R. tarnierella (b ruand, 1850), sta novi za slo-
vensko favno, Reisseronia lesari nova vrsta za znanost pa je opisana z r adenskega
polja v osrednjem delu države. n ova vrsta je partenogenetska. Primerjamo jo z več
sorodnimi vrstami in predstavljamo njihove morfološke razlike v besedi in sliki. Po-
dajamo dodatne informacije o habitatu in biologiji obravnavanih vrst.
k l JUč n e b e Se d e : l epidoptera, Psychidae, Reisseronia, nova vrsta, favna, Slovenija.
introduction
members of the genus Reisseronia are small psychids, the wingspan of males
being between 6 and 11.4 mm. The females are wingless (Arnscheid & w eidlich
97
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, DECEMBER 2020      Vol. 28, øt. 2: 97–120

2017). l arvae live a very secret life in the herbal layer and are therefore difficult to
find. The genus Reisseronia Sieder, 1956, contains 15 species, distributed in central
and south-eastern e urope and south-western Asia (Hättenschwiler 1982, 2004; Hauser
1996; r utjan 2003; k urz et al. 2006; w eidlich 2006, 2016; malkiewicz et al. 2013;
l arysz 2017). Some of them have been discovered in the recent decade: R. satanella,
R. muscaelutum k urz et al., 2006; R. arnscheidi w eidlich, 2006; R. ionica w eidlich,
2016; R. imielinella malkiewicz et al., 2013 and R. annae l arysz, 2017. 
in Slovenia, no species of the genus Reisseronia have been identified so far (c ar-
nelutti 1992a, 1992b; l esar & Govedič 2010; Sobczyk 2011; Arnscheid & w eidlich
2017). in 2012, the first specimen was obtained by the third author, on a dry meadow
near the village of Socerb on the k arst edge. A single male was collected by net, but
enough to start intensive research on this genus. A few years later, the first author
found typical Reisseronia larval cases near the first locality and in l okavec near Aj-
dovščina, on a dry extensive meadow. All these finds, after detailed morphological
examination confirmed the presence of R. tarnierella. This is not a coincidence, be-
cause the familiar localities Alesso and interneppo in northern italy (Sieder 1972) are
located not far from the state border with Slovenia. 
Twelve parthenogenetic species have so far been found among the Psychidae, of
which a high percentage are endemic, due to poor mobility (malkiewicz et al. 2013;
Arnscheid & w eidlich 2017; l arysz 2017). Among Reisseronia, three parthenogenetic
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
98
Figure 1. Reisseronia lesari sp. nov, female, holotype, ventral view.

species have been identified to date: R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962, R. imielinella mal-
kiewicz et al., 2013 and R. annae l arysz, 2017. Field research for parthenogenetic
populations in Slovenia was focused at first on the northern border area, where R.
gertrudae was expected due to the proximity of its known localities on the Austrian
side. in 2015, the first author found the first Reisseronia population with parthenoge-
netic development in the vicinity of v inica, and soon thereafter, enriched with new
experience, new finds followed. in the period of 2016 to 2020, a larger number of
larval cases were collected in all localities. Three populations from northern (Goričko)
and south-western (b ela krajina) parts of Slovenia are clearly R. gertrudae: reduced
legs without tarsal segments, with unpaired claws and antenna reduced to one segment.
The population from moist meadows of one of the smaller flooded karst fields, r a-
densko polje, in the north-western part of the d olenjska region initially showed a lot
of similarity with R. imielinella malkiewicz et al., 2013 and R. annae l arysz, 2017.
b ased on morphological differences of adults and immature stages, we describe them
as a new species Reisseronia lesari sp. nov. Predovnik, r ekelj & Gomboc.  
Materials and Methods
Collections
Specimens examined in this study were obtained by rearing adults from larvae
collected in a conventional manner, with great difficulty due to the small size and un-
recognizability of larval cases in the herbal layer. c ollected larvae were stored in the
breeding containers with some soil and herbal layer taken from the origin locality.
They were kept in natural conditions, protected from direct sunlight. To avoid too
high humidity, we moistened the herbal layer moderately and selectively every second
or third day, occasionally only a few plants and mosses. b reeding containers were
sprayed with water every morning, in sunny days also in the evening. Some adult
males of R. tarnierella were collected on sunny days between one to three p.m., by
using the method of sweeping over the vegetation with a net.
Morphology
All female specimens were conserved in an alcohol-glycerol solution (75% rectified
spirit-ethanol, 15% glycerol, 10% distilled water) and stored in small plastic vials.
d etermination and comparative work were done using an o lympus SZ51 stereomi-
croscope. Preparation of genitalia and individual parts of females, such as legs or an-
tennae, followed standard techniques according to r obinson (1976).
macro photographs were taken with a c annon e o S 40d digital camera, through
an o lympus SZ51 stereomicroscope and r eichert microscope. images, further details
and figures were later processed with Adobe photoshop c S5 master collection soft-
ware. d rawings were made by using indian ink on transparent sheets and later con-
verted into a digital format. All drawings and micro photographs are the work of the
second author. A pinned male specimen of R. tarnierella was photographed with a
c annon e o S 40d digital camera with macro 100mm lens. Photographs of the type
localities were taken using a c anon PowerShot G5 digital camera.
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
99

All measurements were performed through a stereomicroscope, using a measuring
eyepiece micrometer with appropriate magnification. o ne distinctive measuring met-
hod was used in this paper, called the eye index (d ierl 1969: 168; Arnscheid &
w eidlich 2017: 6–7), which is calculated by measuring the minimum distance between
the eyes, and dividing this value by the maximum eye diameter. The quotient resulting
from this division is then converted into an index.
For nomenclature of species we referred to papers by Sobczyk (2011) and Arnscheid
& w eidlich (2017). The terminology of morphological characters for imagines follows
Sauter & Hättenschwiler (1999) and for the immature stages Gepp & Trattnig (1990),
Patočka & Turčani (2005).
The species examined for comparative purposes were R. imielinella: 3 ♀, Paratype,
Poland c A75, imielin, 24.5.2007, leg. A. l arysz; R. annae: 4 ♀ with larval cases,
Poland c A66, k atowice-Janów, 29.5.2013, leg. A. l arysz, all in coll. USmb .
Abbreviations used in description
r esults
Reisseronia lesari sp. nov.
d iagnosis
Fifteen species have so far been identified in the genus Reisseronia. A total of 12
species have a bisexual reproduction strategy (with known males) and just three
species R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962, R. imielinella malkiewicz et al., 2013 and R.
annae l arysz, 2017, are parthenogenetic. o bservations under controlled laboratory
conditions confirmed that R. lesari sp. nov. also has parthenogenetic development. 
The new species can easily be distinguished from the following species: R. tarnie-
rella (b ruand, 1851), R. nigrociliella (r ebel, 1934), R. pusilella (r ebel, 1940), R.
PMSL Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije
u SMB Upper Silesian museum b ytom, Poland
ŽPSL Željko Predovnik, Slovenia
Jr SL Jurij r ekelj, Slovenia
SGSL Stanislav Gomboc, Slovenija
coll. collection
e.o. ex ovo
e.l. ex larva
leg. legerer in l atin (collected)
n= number of specimens examined
A1-10 abdominal segments of female, larva and pupa
№ number
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
100

magna Hättenschwiler, 1982 and R. ionica w eidlich, 2016, by the smaller size of fe-
males and larval cases and also by the absence of tarsal segments in all legs.
Females of R. satanella k urz, k urz & Zeller-l ukashort, 2006, R. staudingeri
(Heylaerts, 1879), and R. arnscheidi w iedlich, 2006 are similar in size but R. satanella
has six to eight fused antennal segments (R. lesari sp. nov. only two antennal segments)
and larger larval cases (length 7.0–9.5 mm). R. staudingeri is distinguished by the
smaller number of antennal segments (only one) and much larger larval cases (length
11.0–14.0 mm). R. arnscheidi differs in a higher number of antennal segments (two
to three), the presence of a single tarsal segment and larger larval cases (length 8.0–
10.0 mm).
The new species is distinguished from reduced females of R. tschetverikovi So-
lyanikov, 1990 and R. muscaelutum k urz et al., 2006, by long curled hairs on the
head and thorax (R. tschetverikovi and R. muscaelutum have short, erect hairs). R.
tschetverikovi also differs in having only one antennal segment (R. lesari sp. nov.
two antennal segments), while R. muscaelutum also differs in having smaller larval
cases, which are six mm long (R. lesari sp. nov. 6.2–7.6 mm).
Females of R. lesari sp. nov. are most similar to the following three parthenogenetic
species: R. gertrudae, R. imielinella, and R. annae. They can be distinguished from
all three species by the presence of setae on the antennae (Fig. 4), clearly visible
wings (reduced small oval lobes) (Fig. 5), and a higher number of spines (32–44) in
the second row of the A5 pupal segment (R. gertrudae 26–33, R. imielinella 15 and
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
101
Figures 2-3. Reisseronia lesari sp. nov, female, holotype. 2. Head and thorax, la-
tero-ventral view. 3. l egs of female. a. fore leg. b. middle leg. c. hind leg.

R. annae 20–26 spines). The new species also differs from R. gertrudae in having se-
parate femur and tibia and in having paired claws (details in Table 2). The new
species also differs in the colour of the hairs on the head and thorax (R. imielinella
gray, R. lesari sp. nov. creamy) and the presence of spines on the vertex (Fig. 4). Fe-
males of the new species are also distinguished from R. annae by a smaller number
of antennal segments (R. lesari sp. nov. two, R. annae three), the absence of tarsal
segments and the presence of spines on the vertex. All important morphological cha-
racteristics of all four parthenogenetic species are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Presentation of important distinguishing features of the imagines and
immature stages of parthenogenetic species of the genus Reisseronia (according to
Sieder 1962; malkiewicz et. al. 2013; l arysz 2017; supplemented by our own inve-
stigations).
d escription
Adults. Parthenogenetic females with reduced wings, small length of fresh speci-
mens 3.4 to 5.1 mm (average 4.25 mm), width 1.0 to 1.9 mm (average 1.45 mm), Fig.
1. 
Head. (Fig. 4) b rown, with rippled creamy hairs. v ertex dorsal with two small
excrescences, spine-like shape (these two processes have already been described in
R. gertrudae by Sieder 1962:89), (Fig. 4). Antennae translucent, basic, reduced to
only two segments, which are often fused into a whole. Segments with one to five
microscopically small setae (Fig. 4). e yes black, oval, eye index 1.9 to 2.2 (n = 10),
labial and maxillary palpi absent.
imago - ♀ gertrudae imielinella annae lesari sp.nov.
length / 
width
3.0
1.0–1.5
3.3–5.2
1.0–1.8
3.0–4.2
0.9–1.3
3.4–5.1
1.0–1.9
antennal segments 1 1–2 3 2
antennal setae absent absent absent present 
vertex spines present absent absent present
thorax hairs colour creamy gray creamy creamy
wings
microscop. tiny
lobes 
microscop. tiny
lobes
not visible
strong reduced 
oval lobes
femur / tibia fused separated separated separated
tarsal segments absent variable 0–1 all legs with one absent
leg claws allunpaired allpaired allpaired variable
immature stages
larval case length
larval case width
6.0–7.0
2.0
5.5–7.2
1.5–2.0
6.3–8.2
1.6–2.6
6.2–7.6
2.1–2.6
pupal spines ofA5 -
second row
26–33 15 20–26 32–44
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
102

Thorax. Segments brown, sclerotized, with long curled creamy hairs (Fig. 1).
w ings clearly visible, forewings very reduced to small oval lobes, hindwings much
more reduced to tiny lobes, or barely noticeable in most specimens (Fig. 5). l egs
pale brown, transparent, reduced, all with distinct separate femur and tibia, tarsal
segments absent, all legs with a few microscopically tiny setae (Fig. 3). Fore leg
claws paired in 30%, middle leg claws paired in 80%, hind leg claws all paired (Table
2).
Table 2. v ariability of claws on legs of females from Reisseronia lesari sp. nov.
№ Specimen № claws fore leg claws middle leg claws hind leg
1 19 387 1 1 2
2 19 388 2 2 2
3 19 389 1 2 2
4 19 390 2 2 2
5 19 392 1 2 2
6 19 397 2 2 2
7 19 403 1 2 2
8 UA 014 1 1 2
9 UA 015 1 2 2
10 UA 016 1 2 2
average 30% paired 80% paired 100% paired
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
103
Figures 4-5. Reisseronia lesari sp. nov. 4. Head structures, dorsal view. Sp.:
vertex spine; Se: antennal setae; An: antenna; Ce: compound eye. 5. Thorax structures,
ventral view. Fw: reduced forewing. Hw: reduced hindwing.

Abdomen. y ellowish-brown, ventrally lighter than dorsally. Sternites one to three
poorly sclerotized, four to six sclerotized slightly, as a narrow strip. Seventh sternite
sclerotized wider, moderately, with a narrow field of spines (Fig. 6). Segment A7
with long curled white-gray hairs prior to oviposition.
Genitalia. (Fig. 6). o vipositor lobes rounded, membranous, slightly setose. Pseu-
dapophyses straight, very short, less than one third the length of posterior apophyses.
Posterior apophyses curved, about one third smaller than anterior apophyses. Segment
A8 relatively short, cylindrical, well sclerotized in the first two thirds, with two fields
of spines. Spines on postvaginal plate pointed, long and thick. b ursa copulatrix not
visible.
Larva. l ength of last instar larvae is between five and seven mm. The colour of
abdominal segments is generally creamy to light orange, the sclerotized parts of the
thoracic segments are black to dark brown, the head capsule is smooth, black and
shiny (Figs. 8b, 9). The setae are translucent, long, and some are curved at the tips.
Sclerotized parts of the thoracic shield are different widths, the widest part being on
the prothorax and the narrowest on the metathorax. Small, sclerotized areas are also
visible laterally on the mesothorax and metathorax. d orsally on thoracic segments, a
line-like, poorly sclerotized part is also visible, which is widest at the metathorax.
Thoracic legs strong, moderately sclerotized, of dark brown colour, the claws long
and slightly curved. Spiracles are poorly separable from the base colour of the abdo-
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
104
Figure 6. Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., female, paratype, genitalia and last abdominal
segments  with details, ventral view.

men, pinaculas are not visible. c rochets on abdominal prolegs are arranged in unior-
dinal penellipse, number of crochets 18–23 (n = 4).
Larval cases. Typical of the genus Reisseronia, length 6.2 to 7.6 mm (on average
6.8 mm) and width 2.1 to 2.6 mm (on average 2.3 mm), (n = 31). They are rounded
in cross-section, composed of straight and narrow debris of grasses with some dark
brown-black particles of soil incorporated (Figs. 8c, 9). d ebris of grasses are placed
longitudinally and larger pieces, typical of the genus Reisseronia, are almost the
same length and never exceed the base of the larval case. 
Pupa. (Fig. 7). integument weakly sclerotized, pale brown. e xuvia length 4.9–5.9
mm, width 1.2–1.4 mm (n = 6). The capito-prosternal plate (Fig. 8a) is small, rounded,
and mostly stays on the head of the imago. The length of antennae covers slightly ex-
ceeds the eyes. Abdominal segments with dorsal and lateral setae are a creamy white
colour. Segments A4–8 dorsally with anterior bands of spines: A4 with 9–13 spines,
A5 with 24–28 spines, A6–7 with 26–30 spines and A8 with 5–7 gathered spines,
forming a small protuberance. Spines are small, short, triangular in shape, many
times interrupted. Segment A5 has a second posterior row of 25–44 spines, which are
about one-half smaller than the others and facing in the opposite direction (Fig. 7b).
c remaster reduced, simple. d etails of abdominal segments A8–10 and cremaster are
shown in Fig. 7c.
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
105
Figure 7. Reisseronia lesari sp. nov. a. exuvium, dorsal view. b. detail of A5 ab-
dominal segiment with a second posterior row of spines. c. detail of abdominal seg-
ments A8–10 and cremaster.

Type material 
Holotype. ♀, stored in alcohol-glicerol solution in a small plastic vial, with larval
case glued on mounting board 7x14 and pinned. o riginal labels: ''Slovenia, r adensko
polje, mokrine, 325 m, 24.3.2019 (e.l. 27.5.2019), leg. Ž. Predovnik'', ''Ho l o Ty Pe
Reisseronia lesari Predovnik, r ekelj & Gomboc'' (red label, handwriting).
Paratypes. 2♀♀, with larval cases, Slovenia, r adensko polje, mokrine, 325, 1.4.–
14.5.2017 (e.l. 26.5.2017), leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 21♀♀, with larval cases,
same locality, 24.3.–11.5. 2019 (e.l. 18.5.–16.6.2019), leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ;
6♀♀, with larval cases, same locality, 3.–7.4.2019 (e.l. 25.5.–10.6.2019), leg. J.
r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ; 5♀♀, with larval cases, same locality, 30.4.2020 (e.l. 17.5.–
3.6.2020), leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 10♀♀, with larval cases, same locality,
14.3.2020 (e.l. 16.–25.5.2020), leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ; 3♀♀, with larval cases,
same locality, 9.–10.6.2019 (e.l. 24.3.–11.5.2019) (1a393, 1a394, 1a396), leg. Ž. Pre-
dovnik, coll. USmb .
Paratypes of larvae. 1 larva, with larval case, 6.10.2016, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll.
ŽPSl ; 2 larvae, with larval cases, 8.6.2018, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 4 larvae,
with larval cases, 20.4.2018, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 1 larva, with larval cases,
same locality, 1.5.2018, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 3 larvae, with larval cases,
20.4.2019, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 3 larvae, with larval cases, 11.5.2019, leg.
Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 4 larvae, with larval cases, same locality, 3.–7.4. 2019, leg.
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
106
Figure 8. Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., female, paratype. a. capito-prosternal plate.
b. mature larva, lateral view. c. larval case.

J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ; 1 larva, with larval case, same locality, 14.3.2020, leg. J. r ekelj,
coll. Jr Sl ; 2 larvae, with larval cases, same locality, 11.5.2019 (1a360, 1a363), leg.
Ž. Predovnik, coll. USmb .
Paratypes of pupae. 4 pupae, with larval cases, same locality, 20.4–13.5.2018
(e.l. 8.6.2018), leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 7 exuviae, same locality, 3.–7.4.2019,
leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ; 1 pupa, with larval case, same locality, 14.3.2020, leg. J.
r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl .
Paratypes of larval cases. 6 empty larval cases, same locality, 1.4.2017, leg. Ž.
Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 15 empty larval cases, same locality, 6.5.2017, leg. Ž. Pre-
dovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 4 empty larval cases, same locality, 1.5.2018, leg. Ž. Predovnik,
coll. ŽPSl ; 38 empty larval cases, same locality, 24.3.2019, leg., J. r ekelj, coll.
Jr Sl ; 26 empty larval cases, same locality, 3.–7.4.2019, leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ;
33  empty  larval cases, same locality, 30.4.2020, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ;
40 empty larval cases, same locality, 12.5.2020, leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl .
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
107
Figures 9-10. Reissero-
nia lesari sp. nov. 9. mature
larva in larval case, Slove-
nia, r adensko polje,
2.5.2018 (photo Ž. Predov-
nik). 10. n atural habitat,
Slovenia, r adensko polje,
mokrine, 22.4.2019 (photo
J. r ekelj).

d eposition of types
Holotype ♀ and 2♀♀ paratypes of R. lesari sp. nov. are preserved in coll. PmSl ,
42♀♀ paratypes are deposited in coll. ŽPSl and in coll. Jr Sl , 3♀♀ paratypes are
deposited in coll. USmb . 2 paratypes of larvae are deposited in coll. USmb , all other
paratypes of larvae, pupae, exuviae and larval cases are deposited in coll. ŽPSl and
in coll. Jr Sl .
e tymology 
The new species is named after our late entomological friend Tone l esar who de-
dicated his life to researching the butterfly fauna of Slovenia, focusing on the Štajerska
region.  
d istribution
o nly known from a small area in the central part of r adensko polje in mokrine,
south to southwest and south of the village Zagradec, at an altitude 325m (Fig. 10). 
Habitat 
r adensko polje l andscape Park is the smallest of the nine most distinct karst
fields, but includes all karst features such as karst springs, swallets, estavelles and
swallow holes and is one of the larger areas of extensive meadows in central Slovenia
(Perko & o rožen Adamič 1998; l ampič & Smrekar 1998; Florjanc & Jernejc-b abič
1999). The largest part of the park is covered by c entral e uropean mesotrophic to
eutrophic lowland meadows, which are mixed in wet areas with wet mesotrophic and
eutrophic meadows. They are intensive to extensive and are regularly or occasionally
fertilized and mown several times a year (Poboljšaj et al. 2000).
w e found larvae of R. lesari sp. nov. on several locations in the central part of the
park on elevated sunny edges of moist or wet oligotrophic grassland - (Molinia cae-
rulea) meadows and related communities. They prefer south and southwestern posi-
tions of slide slopes, which are away from the floodplain and protected from standing
moisture. Their microlocalities may occasionally be flooded during medium-high
floods, for a few days in spring and autumn. However, during the occurrence of ma-
ximum flooding every few years, water levels may rise all the way to surrounding
villages (almost the entire r adensko polje is under water) and can remain for several
days (meze et al. 1981). 
l ocalities are often in the early stages being overgrown with Calluna vulgaris l .
and hydrophilous ligneous species such as Alnus glutinosa (l .), Frangula alnus mill.,
Salix sp., and also: Cornus sanguinea l ., Prunus spinosa l ., Quercus robur l . and
Rosa sp. The most populated areas are those with dominant plant taxons: Brachypo-
dium rupestre (Host) r oem. & Schult., Carex tomentosa l . and Festuca rupicola
Heuff.
Biology and ecology
l arvae of R. lesari sp. nov. live relatively hidden lives in the lower herb layer in
scattered and localized colonies. The best time to find and observe active larvae is
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
108

from mid march to late may. d uring this time, the larval cases are large enough to be
discerned in the vegetation. They are most active on sunny days in the early afternoon
but, with great patience, we also found them in o ctober and even in mid-n ovember,
when the daily temperature was above 8 degrees celsius.
l arvae were relatively easy to rear under laboratory conditions. They prefer to
feed on flowers and foliage of Plantago lanceolata l ., Ranunculus acris l . and Ta-
raxacum officinale w eb.  They generally feed on dry or semi-dry foliage rather than
fresh. A small number of larval cases were always found empty, or the larvae died
later during breeding, because of mildew or parasitism. However, we noticed that dry
winters without snow (such as winters 2018/19 and 2019/20), and consequently less
moisture on r adensko polje, noticeably reduced the mildew mortality of larvae and
increased parasitism. 
w e could not determine where mature larvae attach their larval cases in nature,
but probably hidden in the lower herbal layer. in captivity, we found them fixed on
the foliage or stems of food plants, on the ground and on the edges and walls of the
breeding containers. They were fixed individually or, more often, in small groups.
Some were hidden in the moss so that only the top of the larval case was visible from
above and, lastly, some of them simply remained unfixed at the bottom. in outdoor
temperature conditions, the first mature larvae began to fix larval cases in early may,
with a peak in early June. A small number of larvae remain active until the second
half of June or to the middle of July, but no adults emerged from these later. The
pupal stage lasts 15 to 23 days. 
o nly females emerged, from mid-may to late June, with a peak in early June, so
generally slightly later than with R. gertrudae. it was difficult to predict when the
females would emerge and start laying eggs, because this process remains hidden
inside the larval case. However, with some detailed observation, it was possible
occasionally to see the activity of females before laying eggs, which was reflected
by the following: the female pulled out her head from the back of the larval case
for a short time and then pulled back in again. This had already been observed in R.
gertrudae by Sieder (1962). Females do not feed, and they have a very short life. in
room conditions, they mostly became active in their larval cases around midday
and in the early afternoon. w hen they lay their 22 to 28 fairly large yellowish eggs
into pupal exuvia, they leave them and quickly die. l arvae hatch from the eggs in
17 to 20 days, mostly from the second half of June until the beginning of July, eat
their eggshell and immediately start to build their own larval cases, using material
from their mother's case. They feed until late fall, then hibernate during the third
stage of their development. in spring, they continue feeding until they mature and
pupate.
Other species of Psychidae
in a natural habitat, R. lesari sp. nov. cohabits with the following species of bag-
worms: Psyche casta (Pallas, 1767), Psyche crassiorella (b ruand, 1851), Epichnop-
teryx cf. plumella kovacsi Sieder, 1955, Bijugis sp., Rebelia cf. plumella (o chsenhei-
mer, 1810) and Canephora hirsuta (Poda, 1761).
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
109

Reisseronia gertrudae Sieder, 1962
d istribution
So far, the parthenogenetic species R. gertrudae has only been found in three lo-
calities in southern Styria in Austria. it is already extinct at the type locality and, ac-
cording to recent data, is on the verge of extinction (Sieder 1962, Gepp & Tratnigg
1990; Arnscheid & w eidlich 2017). This interesting species was found for the first
time in Slovenia by the first author in 2015. it has to date been confirmed in three lo-
calities: Sotinski breg near the village of Sotina in Goričko, and v ukovci and Podkla-
nec, near v inica in b ela krajina, close to the border with c roatia (Fig. 19).
Habitat
According to Gepp & Tratnigg (1990) in Austria R. gertrudae prefers xerothermal
positions at an altitude of 300–670 m above sea level. 
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
110
Figure 11. Reisseronia
gertrudae, Slovenia, v i-
nica, Podklanec. a. female,
ventral view. b. female,
head and thorax details,
ventral view. c. larval case.

in Slovenia, the habitat is semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies (Fe-
stuco-Brometalia) on calcareous substrate. The species lives here on extensive hay
meadows in old orchards (most fruit trees have already been cut down), bounded by
shrub hedges and nearby forest. The most populated areas were those with an abun-
dance of herbaceous plants such as Thymus sp., Fragaria vesca l . and mosses. 
The habitat in the vicinity of v inica in Slovenia is also semi-natural dry grasslands
and scrubland facies (Festuco-Brometalia) on calcareous substrates, which even have
a sub-mediterranean character in some small areas (Ambrožič et al. 2013). b oth lo-
calities are situated on south and southwest facing grassy slopes on extensively mown
meadows with a xerothermal character, always above a stream or river, which gives
those micro-localities slightly mesophilic microclimatic conditions.
in the village of Podklanec near v inica, a small population lives on a dry, south-
exposed slope above a small stream at an altitude of 177 m (Fig. 14). The meadow is
rich in herbaceous vegetation, such as Achillea sp., Euphorbia ciparissias l ., Fragaria
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
111
Figures 12-14. Reisse-
ronia gertrudae. 12. Female
in larval case, Slovenia, Go-
ričko, Sotina, Sotinski breg,
20.4.2020 (photo J. r ekelj).
13. mature larva in larval
case, Slovenia, v inica, Pod-
klanec, 29.4. 2018 (photo
Ž. Predovnik). 14. n atural
habitat, Slovenia, v inica,
Podklanec, 16.4.2017
(photo Ž. Predovnik).

vesca l ., Plantago lanceolata l ., Salvia pratensis l ., Thymus sp., and also various
grasses, mosses and lichens. Abandonment of mowing and grazing already shows
the early stages of overgrowing with ligneous shrubs, mainly Prunus spinosa l .
in the village of v ukovci near v inica, another small population lives on an
extensive hay meadow at an altitude of 229 m, not far from the river k olpa. This
meadow is partly overgrown with ligneous shrubs and bounded by vineyard and
nearby forest. The composition of the herb layer is very similar to the previous one.
in Sotinski breg, Goričko, we found larvae on a south-west facing and xerothermic
grassy slope with Euphorbia cyparissias l ., Fragaria vesca l . Hypericum perforatum
l , Rumex sp. Salvia pratensis l ., Thymus sp. and with various mosses and lichens.
Biology and ecology
Similar to citations of Sieder (1962) and Gepp & Trattnig (1990) larvae of R. ger-
trudae live fairly hidden lives in the herb layer. in Slovenia, we found them very
locally and in relatively small numbers. w e achieved the best results for observation
of active larvae in the second half of march to the end of April, during sunny weather
between 14–17 h. Some active, half-grown larvae were also found on sunny days in
o ctober.
l arvae apparently feed on various plants. in the natural habitat, we observed
feeding on leaves of Fragaria vesca l ., but in captivity they quickly accepted Tara-
xacum officinale w eb. (fresh flowers and leaves) and Plantago lanceolata l ., when,
despite there being fresh leaves, they fed more often on dry or semi-dry foliage. in
captivity, the first larvae fixed their larval cases on April 23, continuing until early
June. o nly females hatched from middle may to late June, with a peak from the end
of may to early June.
many larvae were infested with an unindentified species of small parasitoid wasp
(Hymenoptera). The level of parasitism was noticeably higher than with populations
of R. lesari sp. nov. from r adensko polje.
Breeding of the F1 generation
in the first stages of their development, young larvae feed on fresh leaves of P.
lanceolata, T. officinale and Trifolium pratense l .: later mostly on P. lanceolata.
in the fall, breeding containers with third instar larvae were placed outside, to
provide natural conditions for their hibernation. d uring the winter they became
partially active on warmer days, but it was only the spring thawing that really reac-
tivated their feeding. They resumed feeding from the end of march, until they com-
pleted their development and pupated in may. c ompletion of development (the
emergence of females and the laying of eggs), was completed approximately 15
days earlier than in nature. Specimens cultivated ex. ovo were noticeably larger
than in nature. 
r emarks
Specimens from southern localities Podklanec and v ukovci, deviate slightly morp-
hologically from the classical form from the north of the country. The difference is
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
112

noticeable in a reduction of the legs, meaning that specimens have some legs with se-
parated femur and tibia. This is usually only noticeable in one or two legs in a single
specimen and can be seen on any leg and not necessarily in pairs. n o other morpho-
logical differences were observed.
Material 
Slovenia, b ela krajina, v inica, Podklanec, 177 m, all leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll.
ŽPSl : 4 larvae, with larval cases, 24.10.2015; 3 larvae, with larval cases, 2 empty
larval cases, 2.4.2016; 2 larvae, with larval cases, 8 empty larval cases, 12.4.2016; 4
larvae, with larval cases, 8 empty larval cases, 16.4.2016; 7 larvae, with larval cases,
7 empty larval cases, 30.4.2016; 4 larvae, with larval cases, 2 empty larval cases,
18.5.2016; 9 ♀♀, with larval cases, 7 pupae with eggs, with larval cases, 13.6.2016
(e.o. 7.–27.5.2017); 5 larvae, with larval cases, 2 empty larval cases, 20.4.2018; 2
mature larvae, with larval cases, 1 pupa, with larval case, 22.4.2018 (e.l. 8.6.2018); 2
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
113
Figures 15-17. Reisse-
ronia tarnierella. 15. male
resting on grass, Slovenia,
Socerb, 5.4.2020, 12:20 pm,
(photo J. r ekelj). 16. Fe-
male in larval case transmit-
ting pheromones, Slovenia,
Socerb, 7.4.2020 (studio
photo J. r ekelj). 17. mature
larva in larval case, Slove-
nia, l okavec, 5.4.2020
(photo Ž. Predovnik).

larvae, with larval cases, 7 empty larval cases, 2 pupae, with larval cases, 28.4.2018
(e.l. 11.6.2018); 1♀, with larval case, 16.3.2019 (e.l. 10.5.2019).
Slovenia, b ela krajina, v inica, v ukovci, 229 m, all leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll.
ŽPSl : 2 ♀♀, with larval cases, 31.3.2019 (e.l. 23.5.2019); 2 ♀♀, with larval cases,
6.4.2019 (e.l. 25.5 and 29.5.2019); 4 ♀♀, with larval cases, 20.4.2019 (e.l. 23.5–
3.6.2019).
Slovenia, Goričko, Sotina, Sotinski breg, 404 m: 1 larva, with larval case,
1.2.2020, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 1 larva, 2 empty cases, 8.2.2020, leg. Ž.
Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 15 larvae, 28 empty larval cases, 28.3.2020, leg. Ž. Predov-
nik, coll. ŽPSl ; 4♀♀, with larval cases, 28.3.2020 (e.l. 20.–28.4.2020), leg. J.
r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ; 4 larvae, with larval cases, 28.3.2020, leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ;
7 larvae, 9 empty larval cases, 2.5.2020, leg. Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 3 larval
cases with exuviae, 29 empty larval cases, 2.5.2020, leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl .
Other species of Psychidae 
in the Podklanec locality, R. gertrudae cohabits with the following species of
bagworms: Rebelia sp., Acanthopsyche atra (l innaeus, 1767) and in the v ukovci lo-
cality with: Epichnopteryx cf. plumella kovacsi, Sieder, 1955, Bijugis bombycella
(d enis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Rebelia cf. plumella (o chsenheimer, 1810) and Re-
belia sp. 
in locality Sotinski breg R. gertrudae cohabits with Psyche casta (Pallas, 1767),
Psyche crassiorella (b ruand, 1851), Bijugis bombycella (d enis & Schiffermüller,
1775) and Rebelia plumella (o chsenheimer, 1810).
Reisseronia tarnierella (Bruand, 1851)
d istribution   
R. tarnierella is a generally widespread species in e urope but highly local. it has
been found in small, scattered colonies in central France, the n etherlands, b elgium,
western Germany, Slovakia and northern italy (w eidlich 2011; Arnscheid & w eidlich
2017). This species was found in Slovenia for the first time in a sub-mediterranean
region on the k arst edge in the vicinity of the village of Socerb and in l okavec near
Ajdovščina (Fig. 19).
Habitat
The habitat is semi-natural, eastern sub-mediterranean (submediterranean-illyrian)
dry and semi-dry grasslands: extensively used medows and pastures. The first male
specimen was collected by net, during routine investigation of dry rocky karst meadow
with Euphorbia nicaeensis All., Euphorbia fragifera Jan., Eryngium amethystinum
l ., Festuca sp., Satureja montana l , Thymus sp., etc.
After a few years, this meadow was turned into pasture on which, despite re-
searching, no specimen at any development stage has been confirmed. This led us
to find a similar, more preserved biotope in the surrounding area. The new locality
shows a slightly different picture. The species lives here on a dry, southerly
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
114

exposed, extensively mown meadow with deeper soil. Among the plant species
we found there, Anthyllis vulneraria l ., Dianthus sanguineus v is., Helianthemum
ovatum (v iv.), Onobrychis sp., Plantago holosteum Scop., Salvia pratensis l .,
Sanguisorba minor Scop., Scorzonera villosa Scop. and various grasses  dominate
(Fig. 18). The habitat is limited by a typical karst hedge, composed mainly of
trees and shrubs, such us Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Cornus sanguinea l ., Cotinus
coggygria Scop., Fraxinus ornus l ., Ligustrum vulgare l ., Ostrya carpinifolia
Scop., Prunus mahaleb l . Prunus spinosa l . and Quercus pubescens w illd. in the
l okavec locality near Ajdovščina, the habitat is a dry, south-exposed slope with
exstensively mown meadow with a rich herbaceous layer. The composition of the
plant species is similar to that in Socerb: Fragaria sp., Galium sp., Helianthemum
ovatum (v iv.), Salvia pratensis l ., Sanguisorba minor Scop., Thymus sp. etc.
There are also Euphorbia cyparissias l ., Hypericum perforatum L. and various
mosses and grasses.
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
115
Figures 18-19. n atural
habitat, Slovenia, Socerb,
21.3.2020 (photo J. r ekelj).
19. d istribution map of
Reisseronia species in Slo-
venia: 1–r adensko polje,
mokrine; 2–v inica, Podkla-
nec; 3–v inica, v ukovci; 4–
Sotinski breg; 5–Socerb; 6–
l okavec.

Biology and ecology
R. tarnierella is one of the smallest species in the genus Reisseronia, with a wing-
span of males between 6–7 mm (Arnscheid & w eidlich 2017). it is very difficult to
observe the species in nature, not only because of the hidden life of larvae and, con-
sequently, difficulties in finding the right habitat, but also because of the extremely
short life span of specimens (w eidlich 2011). n ear Gemone in italy, adults emerge
in the first half of June, and males are active between 12:30 –14:30 h (Sieder 1956,
1972).
in Slovenia, we collected larvae at the end of march and in April. in captivity,
larvae accepted mainly Taraxacum officinale w eb., as well as Plantago lanceolata
l . and Trifolium pratense l . According to modest data from the field and the results
of breeding, adults of R. tarnierella in the Socerb and l okavec locality appear at the
end of April to the begining of may. Three males were collected in Socerb with the
method of sweeping over the vegetation with a net in sunny and dry weather between
13:00–14:00 h. Their flight was surprisingly fast and barely noticeable between the
vegetation. Females were only observed in laboratory conditions (e.p.), and transmitted
pheromones for several days up to 16:00 h. 
r emarks
l arval cases in the Socerb locality were composed from closely attached fine par-
ticles of dry grass, placed longitudinally. The length of larger females was 8.0 to 9.0
mm and width 2.0 to 2.3 mm. l arval cases of males were smaller, length 6.0 to 7.0
mm and width 1.9 to 2.0 mm. 
Material
Slovenia, Primorska, Socerb, 400 m: 1 ♂, 27.5.2001, leg. S. Gomboc, coll. SGSl .
Slovenia, Primorska, Socerb, 370 m: 2 empty larval cases, 10.4.2016, leg. Ž. Pre-
dovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 3 larvae, with larval cases, 7 empty larval cases, 22.4. 2016, leg.
Ž. Predovnik, coll. ŽPSl ; 2 ♂♂, 13.38 h and 13.46 h, 22.5.2016, leg. Ž. Predovnik,
coll. ŽPSl ; 1 ♀, with larval case, 20.5.2016 (e.l. 4.6.2016), leg. J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl ;
4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, with larval cases, 1 empty larval case, 8.3.2020 (e.l. 1.–5.4.2020), leg.
J. r ekelj, coll. Jr Sl . 
Slovenia, Primorska, l okavec near Ajdovščina, Slokarji, 301 m, all  leg. Ž. Pre-
dovnik, coll. ŽPSl : 2 ♂♂,  with larval cases, 21.3.2020 (e.l. 20.4. and 25.4.2020); 7
♀♀, with larval cases, 21.3. and 23.3.2020 (e.l. 15.–27.4.2020); 20  empty  larval
cases, 21.3. and 23.3.2020.
Other species of Psychidae 
in Socerb locality, R. tarnierella cohabits with the following species of bagworms:
Epichnopterix cf., Rebelia sp., Megalophanes viciella (d enis & Schiffermüller, 1775),
Acanthopsyche zelleri (mann, 1855), Pachythelia villosella (o chsenheimer, 1810),
Phalacropterix praecellens (Staudinger, 1870).
Acta entomologica slovenica, 28 (2), 2020
116

in the l okavec locality, the species cohabits with Taleporia politella (o chsenhei-
mer, 1816), Rebelia sp., Acanthopsyche zelleri (mann, 1855), Pachythelia villosella
(o chsenheimer, 1810) and Phalacropterix praecellens (Staudinger, 1870).
d iscussion
Parthenogenesis in the genus Reisseronia is well known, although no more detailed
genetic studies have been conducted in this field to reveal details of the type of part-
henogenesis and relatedness of the populations found. The evolution of parthenogenetic
populations was already investigated by Soumalainen (1961). He published a morp-
hometric study of polyploid and parthenogenetic weevil populations, whereby he as-
sumed that the characters that he had chosen to study were little affected by environ-
mental variability. in this first experimental demonstration he stressed that “evolution
has not come to a complete standstill in polyploid parthenogenetic populations. Po-
lyploid parthenogenetic weevils and other similar forms still possess some mechanism
which allows genotypic differentiation of populations and thus secures continued
evolution” (Soumalainen 1961:330). This study suggested that parthenogenetic po-
pulations of the genus Reisseronia have a common ancestor and that they are capable
of evolution, despite the asexual reproduction. R. lesari sp. nov. is well distinguished
from the other three parthenogenetic species by serial morphological features. in
doing so, the primary structures (setae on the antennae and legs) suggest that this po-
pulation might be (the oldest and perhaps) the origin of the parthenogenetic mode of
reproduction (A. l arysz 2020, pers. comm., 25 march). The new species is also inte-
resting because of the habitat choice, which differs slightly from classical ''Reisseronia
habitats''. it inhabits floodplain areas, where water can occasionally remain for several
days during major floods in spring and autumn (meze et al., 1981). Further studies
are needed to clarify how R. lesari sp. nov. manage to survive this period. l ikewise,
the distribution of the species is not yet definitive and is presently limited only to the
type locality. in the coming years, we will be carrying out additional fauna studies in
several similar habitats in central Slovenia. in the last year, we have already found
another new locality with a parthenogenetic population of Reisseronia near the capital
l jubljana, and another on wet meadows of Prekmurje in the vicinity of l endava.
c ollection of specimens and comparative studies are already in progress.
R. gertrudae is seriously endangered in Austria (Arnscheid & w eidlich 2017), so
the Slovenian populations are a very important contribution to the survival of this
species in general. The recently discovered locality in Sotina in northeast Slovenia is
not a surprise, being actually only 8 kilometers away from a familiar locality at St.
Anna am Aigen in Austria. A real surprise was the discovery of populations in the vi-
cinity of v inica in the far southeast of the country. This currently known, unusual
pattern of distribution in Slovenia, indicates the possibility of the existence of inter-
mediate populations and also populations on the c roatian side. 
These findings lead us to the conclusion that Austrian localities belong to the
northwestern areal, which is the extreme for distribution of this species.
Æeljko Predovnik, Jurij Rekelj, Stanislav Gomboc: Reisseronia lesari sp. nov., R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962 and R. tarnierella
117

According to the current investigation, R. tarnierella is very choosy about habitat
and present very locally on the floristically richest dry meadows in the sub-mediter-
ranean part of Slovenia. The new findings are due to a good knowledge of biotopes
and hard work. For example, in the vicinity of the village of l okavec near Ajdovščina,
only two of the six selected meadows gave a few results and only one gave a few
more. As with the previous two parthenogenetic species, there are still plenty of
suitable habitats to continue investigations, so we can expect a larger distribution in
the future.
Acknowledgements 
w e would like to thank Adam l arysz (Poland), for the opportunity to study the
comparative material of R. imielinella and R. annae under his care, and for his help
with valuable information about the new species, as well as for his comments on the
manuscript.  
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Received / Prejeto: 3. 10. 2020
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