YU ISSN 0351 - 0077 PRIRODOSLOVNI MUZEJ SLOVENIJE MUSEUM HISTORIAE NATURALIS SLOVENIAE SCOPOLIA 15 Botanica Geologica & Palaeontologica Museologica 9 Zoologica Boris KRYSTUFEK, Nikola TVRTKOVIČ Insectivores and Rodents of the Central Dinaric Karst of Yugoslavia Žužkojedi in glodalci osrednjega dinarskega krasa Jugoslavije No 15 I pp. 1-59 I Ljubljana ) Sept. 1988 SCOPOLIA SCOPOLIA Glasilo Prirodoslo^negs muzeja Slovenije. Izdaja Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, saHnancirali so: Raziskovalna sltupnoBt Sbvenije, Kulturna skupnost Slovenije, Znanstveno raziskovalni cenier SAZL' in Inštitut za biologijo univei^e E. Kardelja. Uredniški odbor: JoJe BOLE, Ernest FANTNOER, Jan« CRE-GORI (urednik), Boris KRYStUFEK, Ignac SIVEC, KaiimirTARMAN m Tone WRAB£R- Lektoija: CvetanaTAVZES(za slovenščino) in Helena SMOLEJ (zaanglcSCino). Naslov uredništva in uptave: Pn-rodoslovni muzej Slovenije, 61000 Ljubljana, Preäemova 20. Izideia dve Številki letno, naklada 500 ii-vodov. 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SCOPOLIA Nft IS, pp. 1-59, Sept. 1988 Insect!vores and Rodents of the Central Dinaric Karst of Yugoslavia KRYSTUFEK Boris Natiiial History Museum of Slovenia YU 61000 Ljubljana. Prefemova 20 TVftTKOVlČ Nikola Comtian Natural History Museum YU 41000 Zaereb. Demetova 1 Received; 29.3. ISSS UDC (UDK) 5P9.32/.33(234,422.1) (04;)=20 ABSTRACT - Twenty-nine species of insectivorei and rodents are known lo occur in Central Daliiiatia, southwcsicrii Bosnia and western Herzegovina: Erinacfui coiKohr, Sorex minutus, S. amneus. S. alpinas, Neontys fodiem, iV. anamalas. Suncus etrusCus, Crocidura suaveolens, C. leucodon, Talpa euro-paea, Clclhriononjys glareofus, Dirtaromys bogdancvi, Anicok lemsiris, Pnymys siibterraneus, F. iiec-htensteini, ChionomyS nivaih, Microlus analis, Nanmspalax moniicoh, Apodemus mysiacinus, A.ßa-vicoUis, A. sylvaticus, Hattusratius. Jf, norvegKus, Mus domesiiats. M. ttiuKuiuj. Glis glis.Eliomys (juer-cinuS: Dryamys nileduia, and Muicardinus aveliananui. The distribution in the Study area of each of these is discussed and mapped. Available ecological data are compiled and discussed. Zoc^eographic relations are discussed. Special attention is paid to small tnammal communities from kamic fields, IZVLEČE K-ŽUŽKOJEDI [N GLODALCI OSREDNJEGA DINARSKEGA KJIASA JUGOSLAVIJE - Za osrednjo Dil rtiacjjo, jugozahodno Bosno m zahodno Hercegovino je poznanih devetindvajset vrst žužtojedflv in glodalcev: frinaceus concoior, Sorex mtntaus, S. araneus, S. cäpinus, Neomys fodiens, N. anomaius, Suhcmj cfrMJCui. Crocidura suaveoiens, C. kw:odon. Talpa eiiropaea. Clethnonomys glareo-/us, Dinaromys bogdanovi, Arvkolß lerrestris, Pitymyssubterraneas, F. liecktensieinit Chionotnys nivalis, Microms arvalis. JVannospalax monticola, Apodemus mystacinus, A.ßavicollis, A. sylvaiicus. Rattus rat-tus, R. nori-vgkus, Afus domtrsikui-. Af. muscufus. Glis g/is, EHomys quercinus. Dryomys niteduta in Muscardiuijs aveilariarius. Za vsako vrsto je podana njena lEzäiqenost na preiskovanem obmoiju. Navedeni so tudi razpoložljivi ekološki podatki. V zoogeografški diskusiji posvečamo posebno pozornost malim sesalcem na kiaäkjh poljih. Contents - Vsebina 1. Introduction ........................... 2. Material and Methods........... 3. Description of the Study Area 3.1. Geography ............................. 3.2. Climate.................................. 3.3. Vegeutiori.............................. 4. List of Localities ................... 5. Survey of SpecifiS ................... 5.1. Insectivora . 5.1.1. Erinaceidae 5.1.2. Soricidae .... 5.1.3. Talpidae .... 5.2. Rodentia ... 5.2.1. Arvicolidae 5.2.2. Spakcidae , 5.2.3. Muridfle „„ 5.2.4. Giindae ..... 6. lüstribuiioTt Maps „ 7. Dominance ............. 8. Vertical Distribution 9. Zoogeography ......... 9.1, Relationship between the Small Mammal Fauna of Dalmatia and That of the ContiBental Pait of the Study Area 9.2, Karst Fields................. 9.3, Islands ......................... Povzetek...................... References................... 3 4 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 13 13 17 IB 18 21 22 25 27 37 40 44 44 46 49 56 56 B, Krj^ufek N. Tvitltavic Insectivnits mid Rodents of the Central Dinare K^ of YugosJavia 3 I. Introduction From the geographic and faunistic point of view the area ofsouth western Bosnia, western Herzegovina and centraJ Dalniatia with its iikads represents one of the most versatile and heterogeneous regions in the whole of Europe, Within a distance of about 50 km all types of transitions can be observed, from evergreen maquis to mountain pine forest. The entire area is karstic, aJthough revealing several contrasting facets. On one hand enormous surfaces are covered with an eroded karst in the midst of which he large karstic fields with a deep layer of soil. On the other hand the areas on which in the past man exerted a less marked influence are as yet overgrown with brpad forests. Therefore, the habitats are extremely diverse both in the vertical as well as the horizontal plane, Theoldeset data on the insectivoresand rodents of t his area can be found in CARRARA (1846^8) and BLASIUS (1857) who listed 13 sped es for Dalmatia, One of them f'/a/pn caeca) does not live in central Dalmatia. Its presence was later confirmed in the Montenegro littoral (PETROV 1974), which in Blasius's times formed part of the Austrio-Hungarian Dalmatia. Bia.'iitjs's report of a Sare x pygmaetm^ (= Sorex fninums) in Dalniatia remains unconfirmed. KOLOMBATOVIČ j; 1882,1BS4,1693} added further three rodents to the 1 ist of Dalmatian mammals. In this period N EH RING (189S) described a new species of mole-rat (Spa-IdX moniicoh) From Bosnia. The century has seen the publication of numerous fannislic data on the insectivores and rodents of western Bosnia, central Dalmatia with its islands, and western Herzegovina. Mention should be made of the works by WETTSTEIN (1920) on Bra^ Is-, BOLK A Y {1924, 1926, 1927) on Bosnia and Herzegovina, DATHE (1934) and PETROV (1939) on Split, WITTE (1964) on Sinjsko polje, DJULIt: & VIDINIČ (1967) on Dinara and Šator mountains, and DJULK!- (1976), as well as DJULIČ & TVRTKOVfC (1979) on the Adriatic islands. KRPAN (1962) wrote of 11 species of insectivores and rodents for the territory of Split and Zagora, his statements however are based above all on uncorroborated observations. Besides the above, there exist a number of publications, nientioning localities in the area, re-latin^jto Talpa europaea, I^eomysipp.^ Crocidiira spp., Dinaroiny^ hogdanovi, Arvicota ter-restris, Pity my s suhterraneus, Apodeumus spp., Mus spp., Nannospalax moaticoh. Uliomys {juercinus. Dryomys niteduia and GUs ^lis. The corresponding references are published m the systematic part. In addition to the aforementioned Natinospalax tnotiticok (NEHRING 1898) three new taxa were described from this area: Crocidura leuccdon narentae BOLKAY 1925, Eliomy^t quercinus daimaiicus DJULJČ & FE LT EN 1962 and Dinanimys bogdanovi iofsgipedes (DJULIČ & VIDINIČ 1967). In the years from 1980 to 1983 the authors of the article dedicated a most intensive study to the area in question, putting .special emphasis on karstic fields. Hefore that (between 1974 and 1977) N. T VRTK.OV1Č studied Dalmatia and its islands. In Ehe years from 1984 to 1986 they collaborated with other researchers in the study of the mountains of Bosnia, Dalmatia and Herzegovina. By courtesy ofJ. GREGOR! and S. BRELl H we could also include the data collected by our colleagues of the Natural History Museum of Slovenia on their excursion to Dalmatia in April 1974. Though some fragmentary data had been published previouslv (DJLJL1Č Ä. TVRTKO-VIČ 197^,KRYStUFEK 1984,1985,1986,KRYSTUFEK& TVRTKOV1Č |9g4),aneed for a complete publication of all collected faunistic data became more and more obvious. We have incorporated all the relevant data from the rather scattered references in the litterature known to us, Twenty-nine species ofinsenctivores and rodents are known to occur in the area (Sciurus vutsarii is not included). The presence oftweDty-six species was confirmed in the course of our field work. In the case of four species fSorej; minutus. Neomysfodiem, Pitymys Uechlensteini and Muscardinus aveUanaraius) these are the first data for this area. 2. Material and Methods Material was coUected on the foUowiae trips: 197't - April 37-38 : Ml Opor (S. Brclih, J. GreBori, F. Balat); 1975 - Sept. 2-5 : Brat Is. (N. Tvrtkovič); - Oct. 3^10 : Hvar Is., Ml, Opor, Kupreyco polje (N. Tvitkovii); - Dec. 6-11 ; Ml. Biokovo, Mt, Oftor, Marina (N. Tvnkovid); 1976 - Aug. 23-30 ; Mt, Opor, Mt. Biokovo (N. Tvrtkovič, B, Jalžič); 1977 - June 10-1 ( ; Livanjsfco polje {N. Tvrtkovič, D. Pclii, O, Vukadinovič); 1977 - Dale ? 1 Cetina, Gosposka pcäna (B. Jalžic, D. Pelič, O. Vukadinovič); 1980 - Sept. 10-14 : Kupreiko polje, M t, Cincar (N, Tvrtkovii. B, Krystufek, D. Kovačič); 1982 - Oct, 24-30 [ Brae Js., Dugopolje, M t. Opor(N, Tvrtkovič, V, Siamol); 1983 - Sept. 6-15; Cetinsko polje, Duvanjsko potje. Glamoiko polje, KupreSkti polje. Koprivnica. Mt. Sator (B. KryStufek, N. Tvrtkovič, I. Sivec, V. Popov); 1984 - July 14-17 ; Ml. Dinara (N. Tvrtkovič, B, Jalžič, J. Ostojič. P. Kasač); - July 21 - Aug. 2 : Vis Is. (B. Kry^tufek) - Sept, 4-6 t M t. Sator, Mt. RadtiSa (B. Krysiufek, N, MtSiČ, V. Popov, M. Stangelj); - Oct. 6-7 : Celina (N. TvAkovii. B. Jalžič, J. Ostojič); 1986 - June 7-10 : Ml. Cvfsnica (B. KO'iiufek, V Popov). S 50 insectivores and rodents belongfng to 26 spec Les were collected. The skulls and to some extent also the skins were stored. Some of the material is preserved in alcohol. The material is kept at the Natural History Museum of Slovenia (Ljubljana) and the Croatian Na-tuTaJ History Museum (Zagreb). Most of the material was collected by snap traps. We used the »Museum Special« traps baited with canned sardines and oat flakes. Traps were laid only at night, mostly (the terrain allowing} in a straight line and about 5 m apart. From 70 to 300 traps were laid daily. To catch moles and mole-rats special traps were used. Faunistic affinity between small mammal samples is expressed in the form of a coefficient of community (CC): CC=lOOC/nl +n2-C where C represents the num ber of species com mon to t he t wo sa mples, n 1 is the total number in the smaller sample and n2 the number in the lat^r one. B. Kjt^fek, N. Tvtlkjovič: Inseetivores and Rjodenis of the Ctntral Dinaric Kaist ofYugßskvia 5 3> DescriptioD of th£ Study Area 3.1. Gedgraphy From the geographic asp«! the region is most versatile (Fi^ 1), Politicaüy il belongs lo two Yugoslav socialist republics: the Socialist Republic of Croatia and the Socialist Republic Fig. ]. Geography DfCeninal Dalmatia, southwejuem Bosnia and western Herzegovina. Kant fields are hatched. of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Croatian part is identical with central Dalmatia and its islands whereas the Bosnian-Herzegovinian part corresponds to the southern part of western Bosnia and western Herzegovina. In the east the region is bounded by the Neretva river representing a very important ioogeographic border (PETROV 1979}; in the nonfi the region extends as far as the line Jab la nica -Prozor- northern border ofGlamofko polje - Bosansko Orahovo; western border running along the hne Bosansko Grahovo - Trogir. Geographicaliy the region is divided into the following units: 1. Littoral (Dalmatia) a. Coastal lone (seaside) b. Islands 2. Continental part a, Bosnia b. Herzegovina Situated along the coast are some ten islands, of which only the largest three are dealt with in the present paper: Brač (394,6 km»), Hvar (299.7 km'J and Vis (90.3 km'J. AH of them are predominantly mountainous islands attaining altitudes of 778 m (Brač), 626 m (Hvar) and 587 m (Vis), The coastal zone from Trogir to Kardeljevo is narrow, wedged between the sea and the steep crests of the Dinaric highlands rising directly above the coast. The relief is karstic (Di-naric holokarst) with all of the known karstic phenomena (chemical erosion and bleak surfaces). Rising above the low karstic land are the Dalmatian highlands: Kozja k (780 m}, Svi-laja (] 509 m), Mosor (1330 m) and Biokovo (1762 m), simultaneously setting a limit to the hi^ Dinaric karst Along the high karst (1200 to 1600 m above sea level) run parallel mountain - ridges {»bila«) between which lie classical karstic fields. The longest ridge of Dinara (1913 m a. s. 1.) is 150 km long. Important are also: Šator (1872 m), Vitorog (1907 m). Osi-jcčnica (1796 m), KlekovaCa (1916 m), Cincar (2006 m), Vran (2074 m) and Čvrsnica (2228 m). The peaks of these mountains were affected by glaciation the traces of which are noticeable on Dinara, Sator, Cincar, Vran, Cvj^nica and even Biokovo. The entire region of the high karst is diflrcult of access. Karstic fields are specific geographic forms characterizing the Dinaric karst of Yugoslavia, They are mostly narrow and long blind valleys sharply bordered by the sleep crests of the Dmaric highlands. This also conditions their markedly Dinaric direction (NW-SE). They usually run pa rail ell with one another at diiTerent altitudes (Tab. 1). Table I- Area and altitude of most important karst fields in the study area. Tabela 1. Povriine in nadmorake viäine najponiembirejših kraških polj na preiskovanem območju. Karst Field Altitude (m) Area (km') Sinjsko polje 296-300 5 Cetinsko polje 367 Livanjsko polje 700-740 400 Duvanjsko poije 870 150 Glamočko poJje 882-950 130 KupreŠko polje 1120-1150 93 The karstic fields resulted from strong erosion in the course ofglaciationsor immediately after them. By the end of the Pleistocene the surfaces, now karstic fields, were most probably covered by lakes out of which water leaked slowly into the ground bellow. Thus, the bottom of the karitic fields consisted of diluvial or alluvial deposits put down on neogenic lake se- B, Kry^iuifck, N, Tvttkovič lTl5ect^vo^^s itnd Rode-nts of the Central Dinark Karst of YugDsIavia 7 diments, Karstic fields were cut deeply into the massifs of the Dinüric hiEhlunds, whereby numerous underground channels were brought onto the surface allowing the circulation of water. These sources fed rivers iind M ream s meandering along the levd bottom of the fields. Most of them soon sank into subterranean passa^s, In autumri tht: quantity of precipitations that fall onto this ground is such that the swallow-holes can no longer accomodate the water so the fields are inundated, periodic lakes appear, At lower altitudes fields are submerged for longer periods of time and their lakes arc deeper. This is due to the fact that lower lying fields are more exposed to autumnal rains, Depending upon the altitude and the quantity of autumnal precipitations, lakes mundate fields in October, November or December, and become dry in April, May, June or even July. Those surfaces from which water floi^-s olfbut slowly and reluctantly are likely to be boggy throughout the year. Some fields {e, g. Kupreško polje) do not become flooded. The bottoms of karstic fields are covered by the best cultivable soil in this otherwise rather inhospitable karstic world, however, periodic floods render a more intensive rural exploitation im poss! b I c, A11 h e begi nn i ng 0 f th is century more cjcte nsi ve hydroregu la tion wo rks were started. The fields became much drier. Before drainage the Roods in Livanjsko polje Field lasted from November to June while one third of the entire surface was permanently under water. Of the former Busko blato, presently a reservoire lake, 50 % of the surface was constantly under water, Nowadays the margins of karstic fields are mostly under piough whereas the central parts are occupied by pastures and meadows, Htiman settlements are concentrated on the margins of the fields. The above information on geography is summarized from RITER-STUDNIČKA (1954), RODie(1970) and MIKSIC {1973). 3,2, Climate The coastal region with the islands has a mediterranean climate characterized by mild and short winters and warm summers. Autumn is warmer than spring. The mean yearly temperature on ihe coast ammounts to 15' C (Table 2). Cold is a rare phenomenon so that days with mean temperature below 0' C are exceptional. The lower karstic Heids (Sitysko, Cetin-sko and Imotsko polje) are also under a warm Adriatic influence. Tabic 2, Temperatur! regime (°C) in the study area, Tabcfa 2. Temperaturni režim (v "C) preiskovanesa območja. .M tit ude Jan. July Yearly Amplitude Vis 10 9.8 25.1 lfi.7 15,3 Split-Marjan 122 7.3 25.9 16.2 18.6 SinJ 398 3.9 23.4 12.7 18.3 Mosor - LjuvaS 853 2.4 20.1 lO.S 17.8 K-uprcs 1190 -1.3 15.1 5.9 . 20.4 The total rainfall in Split amounts to about 859 mm, heaviest in November (120 mm) and least in July {25 mm). The Island of Vis has an annual average of 676 mm of precipitations, Due to a higher temperature and a higher degree of evaporation, July is the driest month of the year. The maximum of precipitations comes at the end of autumn. Summer droughts last from May to September. Snow falls but rarely. The border between the mediterranean and the continental climate is represiented by the I i m it of the yea rl y am pi it ude of 20° C. Th e con t i nen tal climate is characteri zed b y mode rate I y warm summers and cold winters. AuttJmns are longer and warmer than springs. At higher locations summers are short and Tresh, and winters 3ong, cold and snowy. A: Kupres (1190 m} mean monthly temperatures below zero last for 5 months of the year, from November to May. The coldest months are January and February , and the warmest July and August. Due to temperature inversions, winters are even more severe on high karstic fields. Precipitations are abundarit. The most rainy season is autumn with the maximum of precipitations in October and November. The minimum falls in July and August, The total rainfall at Kupres is (007 ramJ42 mm thereofin October and 42 mm in July. Characteristic is also an abundance of snow. On the central Bosnian highlands it persists for 215 days a year. The above information on climate is summarised from RITER-STUDNIČK A (1954), R0D1Č (1970) and BERTOVK^: (1975). 3.3. Vegetstion {Fig, 2) The islands are overgrown with Ktrothermic evergreen and mixed decidous - evergreen communities Ole::t)-Lefi{isceturn adriaikum, Quertvtum ilicis adriapnmncialis. Orno Quer^ cetum ilicis and at higher sites Oxlryo-Quercetum ilicis. As a result of intensive millennial human inter\'entions these forests are degraded to maquis and garrigues, or else, completely thinned and changed into fields, pastures or naked fields of stones (f»kamcnjari«>, On the shore the eumediterranean mixed forest Orno-Querceium ilkis grows on a narrow coastal zone only. It is a xerothermic mixed decidous - evex^re^n forest community dominated by Quercus ilex. In the maquis the dominant role is taken over by Cmuj aat ^iijotiun. C- incanus. Erica avhorea, Roamarirwis fl^nna/j-s and Pimm haleperisi^. Great sut aces arc CO vered with vineyards, plantations of olwe - trees and fig - trees, and more or less reeky pastures {frequently overgrown wüh .funiperus uxyct'drus), and finally by naked fields of stones, Associated directly with the region of mediterranean vegetation is the community Quer-co-Carpmctum orientalis croaticum. It reaches deep into the continent (as far as Livno) and up to an altitude of about ^00 m (exceptionally even higher). The forests are mostly degraded into Paliumum adriaticum, Fesiuco-Sesierietum spkndeatis and Stipo-Sahiehtrn or naked karst. Dominating at higher sites is theclimatozonat community O.stryo-Queneium puhes-cmtis. It grows in the zone between 400 and 950 m and reaches as far as the foot of the high Dinaric mountains (e. g. Satorj, These forests are mostly degraded. Wide surfeces are transformed into pastures (Carici-Centaureeium rupestris) which, too, are partly mined so as to become naked karst. The montane zone of the sub mediterranean region (800 - lOOO'l 100 m) is overgrown with Sexteriü-Fa^eium. This forest spreads on the steep sides of Mts, Mosor and Biokovo reaching deep into the interior. Where forests have been thinned there have developed gram i naceous co m m tm i ti cs Bro mo- Chryiopogo m-ntm Ii. Damhon io ca lycina e- Scarzon ere-ium \'iiio}.ae. Bromo-lirachypodietiim pirnali and Cdfici htirt^ilis-Cfniaureeium nipesiris. Seslerio-Fageium already pomts to the transit i on from subniediterranean to Dinaric vegetation, The zone from 900 to 1400,' 1500 m is overgrown with .ihieti-FügeJi^m s. lat.. Steep slopes and mountain - ridges at a height of 1500 to 1750 m are covered with characteristically bent sabre - shaped trunks of low (I to 10/15 in high) beech trees. The lower slopes o(Abkfi-Fage!um merge into Fagettfm montanum growing in the zone between 300 and 1200/1400 m. Encountered [ocally between 1000 and 1700 m are pine forests fPkeetiim e.Kcelsae manianiim}. whereas the peaks and the steep sides of the Dinaric mountains are covered with mountain pine (Pineium mugi dimiricum). The latter community is often degraded to Cythisaniheum radiatae. Sarbetum chamaeme^piiii. Juniperemm mnae inter ruediae, mountain pastures and naked fields of stones. B. Kt^ufek, N, Tvrtkovič; [nsectivores and Rodeiitid"1;tie Central Dinaric Karst of Yugoslavia 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J PH ^ M ^ [[ED mm] 9 10 11 12 m Fig. 2. Natural potennal vcgciatioTi ofihe study area (based upon JOVAMOVIC B.. R. JOVANOVrC & M. ZL PANCIČ tS86), S!. 2. Naravna iXjlemcialna vegtlacija preisViovaneea obtnixya. AbhrevalionsL BC - Qosnn&ko Grahovo, D - Duvro, G - Glamoč, K - Kupres, L - Livno, S - SplU-Symbols; 8: Fagi'ium siibalpimim. Ahieii-Fiigelurn. 10; Piceertim cjrcf/joC montamim, li; Pineitiitj mugi. 12; Qaerco-Carpmeliitn. 13; Ox!!yi>-Fagetum, 14: EdaphicalK' ixindiiioned sylvan comirmnities ofkarsiic fields. h Oh-n-Lenliicetuhi uiii ialkum. 3; Queneliirn ilicis atiriaeprovindälis, 3: Oi'iryd-Qw^rieium Ilk is. 4: Orno-Qiiercelum. 5: Querco-Carpim'tinn orienlclli^, 6: Oslryo-Quercetum puhfxcmis, 7: Sejiicrio-Fai^cnnv. Querco-Carpinetum reaches into the region studied (up to 400 m a,s-l.) from the continental side. Quercetum cerris dinaricum appears localiy on the slopes exposed to the sun, at heights from 500 to SOO m. One comes across edaphically conditioned communities: Lu-zulo aibiäüe-Fiigetum, Vaccinio-Fagetum and Blechno-Abieletum. The vegetation ofkarstic fields deveJoped in a marked dependence on hydrographic conditions. Water_usually represents the limiting factor, July and August being arid months. Consequently, summer droughts exert an essential influence upon the constitution of the vegetation in karstie fields. Plants from the association Nymphaeion grow along the larger watercourses that do not run dry during summer. On muddy banks of streams and in deeper depresions one finds the community Scirpo-Phtagmit^ium. The first true meadows belong to the community Moli-nielum coerukae illyricum. The surfaces that are unafTectcd by floods are overgrown with species of the Satureion association . After drainage a large proportion of the karstic fields were sown with a mixture of grass and clover, Edaphic&lly conditioned forest communities ofkarstic fields (Carici brizoidh-Alnetum givtinome. Leucoio-Fraxinetum angustifoliae, Gersisto-Quercelum roboris) have now been almost completely cut down. The above information on vegetation is summarized from RITER-STUDNICkA (1954) and JOVANOVIČ B., R. JOVANOVIČ & M. ZUPANČIČ (1956). 4, List of Ijocatities The identification of localities caused a number of problems. Older authors were often imprecise, or else used names of smaller geographic jnits (caves, sinkholes, hamlets etc.} which are now quite difficult to identify, The names of bigger localities were also subject to changes and the old names often easily sank into oblivion. We have therefore prepared a list of all localities mentioned in the text. Scheme according to which localities are presented. Example; Babina ^reda. Ml, Sator (B) 1620 m, XJ2? Explanation; - name of the locality in a narrow sense: Babina greda - name of the locality in a broader sense (or name of the nearest bigger locality): Mt. Sator - geoeraphic region: (B) Abbrevations: B - Rcsnia H - Herzegowina D - Dalmatia - altitude; 16^t] m - SO km square ofUTM grid; XJ2y Where several names are in use for the same locality, the synonyms include a designation under which name further (lata can be found. Example: Županjac — Duvno The current names ace accompanied by their synonyms (jn bcackeu). Example: Duvno {= Županjac), Düvanjsko polje (B) B70-500 m, XJI14 Suriej": Babina greda, Ml, Sator (B) 1620 m. XJ29; Babin loid, Mt. Dinara (B) 1360 m, XJ27; B. Ki^äufek, N. Tvirkovii'. Insectivores and Rodents of Üis Central Dinaix Karat of Yiigoskvia 11 Bačina, Kardeljevo (= Ploie) (D) 20 m, XH97; Biokovo Mt. (D> Bjeli Brig. Potie6ani (H) 1368 m. XJ92: Blaica.Splil (D) 5 m, XJ2U Sol, Brač Is. (D) 5 m, XH39; BmČ Is, (D) Brazza Brai iS; Brusje, Hvar [s, (D) 340 m, XH28; Castella -- JUStda; Cettna. Celinsko fralje (D) 370 m, XJ17; Cmcar Mt (B) 1700 m, XJ66; ^pljina{H) 10 m, YH17; Catma voda (= Rupe, Koliba Petra Cetnika), Mt. Dinara (D) 1400 m, XJ27; Čejiča ravne, Mt. Cincar (B) 1420 m, XJ66; Dol. Hvat Is. ID) 110 m, XHJÄ; Doiac -i- Tarlin dolac; Dugopolje fD) 270 m, XJ32: Diivno (= Zupanjac}, Duianjsfco poije (B) 870-900 m, XJS4; Fantovi ddac, Brač [s. (D> 620 m, XH39; Gabela (H) 20 m. YH17; Gornji Malo van (= Malovan eomji}, Kupreško peÜe (B> 1140 m, XJ76; Gospbdska p«cina. Celina (D) 440 m, XJ17; Gradina, Capljina tH) 290 m, YH17; Hau Vita, Gtamoiko polj: (B) SP7 m, XJ57; Hrbljtna Ml, near Glamoi (B) 1040 m, XJ58-Hvar Js. (D) Imotski (D) 260 m, XJ7li Imotska krajina vicinity oFlmoiski; Jablanica (H) apprcJt. 180 m, YJ23; Jelša, Hvar [s. (.D) 10 m, XH3S; fcamatok, Čapljina (H) 10 m, YH27; Kardeljevo PioČC) (D) 10 m, XH9fi; Kamela, Spin (D) iO m, XJ02/XJ12; fcazanci (B) 720 m, XJ37; Klučareki vrhovi, M t. Dinara (B) 1740-1786 m, XJ27; KJošiar, Siipančič bei Bol, BraS Is. (D) UTM jridT Koprivnica ~ Porifie (B) S80 m, XJ87; Kosa. Mt. Moser {D) 940 m, XJ32; Kovaei4a stan, Mt. Dinara (D) 1300 m, XJ26; Kozjak M t. [D) ca 700 m, XJ02; Kupr^s, Kupreško polje tBH200 m, XJS7; Ku prečka vrata — Koprivnica - Poriče: Kuriaja, Mt. Dinare (B) 1375 m, XJ27; Lice, Mt, Dinara (B) 1300 m, XJ26; LiStica (-Široki Brijeg)(H) 300 m, YJ10; Ljuvac ^ Ljuvač".' LJuvač, Mt. Mosor (D) 860 m, XJ32; Lokva, Vis [J. (D) WH96; Lufice, Milna, Brač Is. (D) 30 m, XH19; Makarska (D) 50 m, XH69; Makljen, Mt. Raduša (B) 1120 m, VJ05; Mali Sator, Mt. Sator (B) 1768 m, XJ39; Malovan aomji Qomji N^lovan; Majina, frogjr(D) 160m, WJ92; Marian. Split (D) IOOm,XIll; Metkovic (D) 5 m. YH17; Mosor Mt. (D) Mwtar (HJ 59 m. YJ02; Mrt'vica, Fatelj, Kupreško polje {&) 1135 m, XJS7; Nao (D) 1400 m, XH69; Sučiiraj, Hvai- Is. (D) 10 m, XH77; Sv. Martin, Braf Is (D) 235 m, XJ30; Svinjača, BUdinje jezero (H) 1170 m, YJ03; ŠatorskojeTero. Ml, Šalor (Öt 1490 m, XJ29: Siroid brijeg -f Lističa; Suica - ML LjubuSa {B) 1000 m, XJ75; Tartin dolac. Ml. Dinare [D) 1300 m, XJ26i Trilj, Sinjsko poJje (ß) 300 m, XJ33; Tuijaci, Sinjsko polje [D) 300 m. XJ33; Vaganj, Ml. Dimrj (B) 1200 m. XJ44; Vidilica - Malačka. Mt. Opor (D) 480 m, XJ02; Vidova gora, Brae is, (D) 600-770 m, XH39; Vis, Vis h. (D) IO m, WH96; VoSac, Ml. Biokovo (D) 1400 ra, XH69; Vran Mt, {B) ait. ?. YJ03; Vrajača cave (D) 440 m, XJ32; Vrlika (D) 400 m. XJ16; Ždralovac, Livanj^ko polje (B) 710 m, XJ2S; Zupanjac Duvno, S. Sune J of Specft-s III presenting the species we have applied the foUowing scheme: Scientific name 2. Synonyms B, KryStufck, N. Tvrtlüflvit [oseaivores and Rodents of the Central Dinark Karel of Yueoslavia IJ Given are names used by older authors for the species in the study area. 3, Materia! Listed are the basic data on the collected material examined by the authors. The following data are given: - locality - altitude (in brackets) - date - number of specimens according to sex (males, females, or se^t unknown) - collector (in brackets): the authors are referred to by initials(B.K. -B. Krjištufek; N.T. - N. Tvrtkovic) otherwise the surename is written out in full. Persona! statements are exceptionally also included and are indicated *>in litt.«, 4. References 5. Notes and commentary ccnceming the species 6, Data on reproduction Abbrevaiions; E - embryos (number) p.s. - placental scars (number) 5.1. fji^ecthura 5.1.1. E ri nacfi dae Eriaaceui Concpiar MAKTIN J 838 Syn.t £rirtac£UJ fiirojjaeuj CARRARA 1846-4Ü Erirjciceus euTvpaeu^s KOLOMBATOVfC I Erinacem europaeus K.RPAN 1962 Erinaceus europaeus iiaticus DJULIČ 1972 Erimceu^ wurytanicus DRJLIC \ Material: - Cetina, Cetinsko polje, (370 m) -.09,1983, 1 set? (t. Sivec): - Via. Vis li. (10 m) 23.07.1984, I g (B.K.,); 01.08.1984, I 9 (Mojca Kiyäturek); References; - Pražnice, Brač Is, (390 m) OIULIČ 1976; DJULit & TV RT KOV IČ 1979; - Dol, Hvar Is, (120 m) DJULIČ & T VRT KO VIČ 1979; - PodSpilje, Vis Is. (200 m) DJULlC i TVRTKOVIČ 1979. The hedgehog populates the entire study region though it is more frequent in the parts under the influence of the Mediterranean. It is particularly common on the Adriatic islands. The upper limit of its distribution is not known, 5.1.2, S o r 1 c i ct a e Sorex minuten LINNAEUS 1766 Syn.: Sorex pygmaevs BLASIUS 1857 Sorex pygmaeus KOLOMBATOV1Č 18Ä2 Matena!: - OKevina, Kupreško polje (1134 m) 11.09,1980, I ; (B.K.); - Čgiča ravne, Mt. Cincar (1420 mj 14.09.19B0 1 seK?{N.T,); ~ Gornji Malo van, Kaptcsko polje (1140 ml 11.09.19S3,1 e (NT.t; - Babi na greda. Mt. Sator{!620m) 13j09.I983. 1 sex? {N.T.), References: -Dalmatia. BLASIUS 1857 Blasius's report for Da I mat ia had never been confirmed. Our data are the first ones concerning the pigmy shrew in this region. It was found in Bosnia only, in the montane and tfie subaJpine belt. Ail locations were between 1134 and 1620 m a.s,I.. It has been fontid in the following habitats: pasture, mountain meadow and live-hedge. A total of four specimens were cought (all of them by means of snap-traps), [f this figure is compared with the fony specimens of üraneus, one gets the impression that S. mi-HHfwjis much less common. However, this apparent scarcity is most probably due to the poor effectiveness of snap-traps in capturing this shrew species which has also been observed elsewhere in Yugoslavia (KRYSTUFEK 19&3). SflrtX araneus LINNAEUS 175« Material: - Ždralovac, Livaiijsko polje (TiOm) 1 sei? (N.T.); - Mnvica, Fateij, KupteSko polje (1135 m) 12.0^1.1980, I 2sex?ffl.K.);-Cincar Ml {1700 m) 13.-14,09,19«0, 4 sex? (N.T., B.K., D. Kovafič); - Koprivnica-Pori« (830 3 tftf, S (M.T., B.K„ V. Popovi: - Gornji Malovan, KupfeJko polje (t 140 m) 11.09.1983, I I s, 1 se!i?(N ,T., B.K., V. Popov, I. Sivec); - Satnrsko jezero. M t, Sator (U90 n) 13 (N.T., ß.K., V. Popov); O 5.09,1984, I sex? (B. k., V. Popov); ~ Hablna gredB, M t. Sator (1 fi 2 O m)! 3.09.198 3, 3 m (N. T.); - Mak ■ Jjen. Mt. Raduša M 20 m) 06.09,19if4. 1 ses? tB.K.), References: - Klečarski vrhovi, Mt. Dinara(1786 ml DJULiC i VIDINIČ 1967;-Lice, Ml. Dinam(l300 m) DJU-LIC & VIDINIČ 1967;-Kurila. Mt Dinara (137S m) DJULlC & VlDlNlC 1967;-Sator3kojezerci. Ml. Sator(M90m) DJlJLlC & VIDlNlf!^ 1967. The common shrew lives exclusively in the continental part of the region studied. We can also expect to find it in the border terTitor>'. on the Dalmatian side ofDinara and possibly also in Svilaja. It populates the submontane, the montane and the subalpine belt. In the montane belt it IS confined to beech and pine forests, and in the subalpine belt to fagetum suhalpinutn, Pitti'iu/ti mugi and fields of stones. In Kupreško polje Field i: was found in dense hydrophilous vegetal ion on the river Mrtvi ca, otherwise dominated by water shrews {^'eomy:^ spp,), and in Livanj.sko polj*? Field in swampy meadows on a bog. Vertical distribution of localities was between 740 and 17S6 m a.s.L. Sortx alpinas SCHINZ 1»37 Malerial; - Čejiča ravne. Ml. Cincar (1420 m) 13.09,1980.1 s (B.K ); - Koprivmca-Porite (SS(] m) 10.09,198J, 1 tf, lse!i?(B.K.„N,T.); - Salorsko je/ero. M t. Sator (1450 - 1490 m) 12.-14.09.19 S3.3 JJ, i 3 sex? (N, T., B.K., V, Popov); 05.09.1984, 1 sex? (U.K.. V. Popov): - Sabina greda. Mt. Sator {1620 m), 14.09.1983, 1 5 (N.T.). References: -Satorakojei^ero, Mt, äator(l490m) DJULIČA VIDINIČ I9Ä7;~ Mali Sator, M[. Sator<1600 m) DJU-LIČ&VIDINIČ 1967;-Caimav(xia, Mt. Dinare (1490 m) DJULIČ & VIDlNiČ 1976;-Babin Gad. Ml. Dinara (13BÜ m) DIULlC & VlDlNlC 19^7;- Prusa£ka reka, Prusac m) BRELIH & PETROV 1973 (leg.; N.T,). E. Kjyälufelt, N. Tvrtkovič Irsectivoiss and Rodents of the Central Dinaric Karet of Yugoslavia 15 The alpine shrew lives in the continental part of the region studied whereas on Dinara it was found also on the Dalmatian side (Catma voda) near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina (DJULIČ & V1DINIČ 1967). In the montane belt it is confined to beech and pine forests, and in the subalpine belt lofagetum subalpintim, Pinelum mugiatwd fields of stones. It was found mostly syntopically with Sorejc araneus (Table. 3). On the coastal side of Dinara it lives in sinkholes together with Dinaromys bogdanovi, Chioromys niwlii and EUotnys quercinus. The finds were distributed within a range ofSSO to 1620 m a.s.l,. On the Dalmatian side it was found at a height of 1400 m. Table 3. Dominanix of So^ei: araneus and S. alipinus in three Bosnian localities. Tabela 3. Daminantnost vrsi Ofaneus in S. alpinus s treh nahajališč v Bosni. Locality Altitude S. alpin us S, araneus % S. alpinus Koprivnica SSO 2 8 20.0 C i near 1700 1 7 12.5 Šator 1450-1620 8 16 33.3 Total 11 31 27.9 Neffmys fodiens (PENNANT 1771) Matena I: - Mrtvica. Fa tej, Kuprdko polje (1135 m) 09.09.1983, 14 rftf, 11 99 (M.T.. B.K,); - Kopriv nica-Poriče {B80m) lO.m.1983, 3 6 ot, OiX, B.K., V. Popov); We know of no previous data for this region referring to the water shrew. In the course of our investigations it was found only in the continental part i.e. Bosnia, It is confined exclusively to the moniane belt. Vertical distribution of localities was between 000 and 1135 m a.s.l.. In the night from Sept, 11-12,] 980, no N./odienx was found on the Mrtvica river, Kup-reiko polje Field, though 16 specimens of anomalm were caught in the same night. Three years later (Sept, 8-9, 1983) 57 water shrews were caught in the same place, 25 thereof (i.e. 44%) were /V. fodiens. On other, Sower lying, fcarstic fields no .V, fodiens were found. At Koprivnica f^- fvdieni was found in a habitat typical of it, namely: a fast flowing mountain stream in a forest oTAbieti-Fageturn, Along about 100 m ofthe water stream {2 m broad) 5 specimens of this species were caught, /V. anoftjalus was not found here. IVeomys anomaius CABRERA 1907 Syn.: Cras^upu; CARRARA 1846-48 Croiiopits fodiens K.OLOMBATOV1Č 1882 Neomys fodiens DJUL1Č 1971 Material! ^ Mnvica, Fatelj. fCupreäko polje (1135 m) 12.09.1980. 9 cfrf, 6 es, I sex? (N.T., B.K„ DarJto Kovaüi); Ü9.09.19S3. n tfj. !8 se, I sex? (N,T,. B.K., J. Sivec, V. Popov); - Cetina, Cetinsko polje (370 m) 07.09.1983, I ? [N.T,); - Duvno, Duvanjsko polje (870 111)08.09.1983,11 rfrf, 18 (B.K.. N.T., I. Sivet, V, Popov); - Gornji Malovaii, Kupreško polje (1210 m) 11.09.1983, I s (V. Popov); - Han Vrba, Gla-tnočko polje (397 m) 12.09.1983, 14 , - Makljen, Mt, Raduia (1120 m) 06,09-1984, 1 9 {B.K.); - Risovac. Mt. Cvrenica <1300 m) Oa.06.1986. 1 ? (B.K..)-, - 7 Marjan, Split <100 m) olje («97 m) 12.09.1983, 12 rfrf, II « (B.K., N.T.X - Satorskq jez«o, Mt. Sator (1475-1490 m) n,-l4.09,]933, 12 dtf, 9 99, 4 sei? (B.K., N.T., V, Popov); - Babina greda, M t. Salor (1620 m) 13.09.1983,3 rfJ^ 6 s9(N.T., V, Popov); - Maldjen, M:. RariuSa {1120 jti) 0^.09-1984,5 «ftf, 4 w (B.K.); - Risovac, Mt, Cvrsnica (1300 m) 09.06.1986, i 3 95 (V. Popov). References; - Tarlin Dolac, Mt. Din ara (1300 m) DJULlC & VIDIN iC 1%7; - Lice, Mt, Din ara; DJULIČ & VI-DlNlC 1967; - Satoßko jezero, Mt Bator(1488 m) DJUUC & VIDINIČ 1967; - Mali Sator; DJULIČ & VIDINIČ 1967; - Gornji Malo van; SOLDAT OViC et al. 1972. The statements for Tarlin Dolac and Lica are the only ones from the Dalmatian side of Dinara Mts., so it would be most desirable to attend to a revision ordetertntnatiori. A. ßa-vicollis apiKared to be confiried to the continental part of the study area. The distribiition of localities is between 850 and 1620 m. The species was found mostly in the forests of Abieti-rugenim and Factum montanum types. It was collected also in Pin^ium tnugl and fields of stones (Sator), willow Forests (GI4-močko polje) and live-hedges (Gomji Malovan). Reproduction: Koprivnica: p.s. 6; Han Vrba p.s. 5,6,6; Sator E 3,6; p.s. 2,4,6,6; Gornji Malovan p,s. 4; Makljen p.s, 5,5; Čvrsnica E 6,6. Apodemus sylraticti! {UNNAEVS 1758) Syn.: A/hs s^rafcwj KOLOMBATOVIC 1882, 1888; Syhaemus xyhnticux KRPAN 1962 Material: - Brüsjc,Hvar]s.(340m)04.10.1975, I c?, 1 9 {N.T,);-Vidilica-MalaEka, Mt. 0por(480 m)M.I0.1975, 1 e (N.T,); - Vidova gora, Btai Is. (600 m); 03.-05,09.1975, 2\ dtf, 14 « (N.T.}; Vidova gora (770 m) 26.10.1982.7 tJtf, 2 PS (N.T., V. Stamol); - Podšpibt, Vis Is. (200 m)08,-09J97S, 1 rfH. l89(N.T.V,- Su-fiuraj. Hvar h., (10 m)-.08.1976 (B, Bor^ič in lilt.); - Vcrfac. Mt. Biokovo 0400 m) 27.08.1976. 5 , A. mystacinm, Dinaromys bogdanovi, Clisgiis and Ratlus rattus. Reproduction: Brusje: p.s, 6. Dryomys niteduia (PALLAS 1779) Material L - Koprivnica-PoriCe (800 m) 10.09.1983, 1 J (B.K,, V, Popov); ^ Satonko jezero, Ml. Sator (14W m) 05.09.1984, t rf (B.K.); - Risovac, Mt. Cvrsnica (1300 m) 09.06.1986. 1 s (V. Popov). References: - fiatoreko jeicro. Mt, Sator (1490 m) {DJULIČ & VIDINIČ 1967). Dryomys niteduia lives in the montane and the subalpine belts of the continental side. Distribution of localities is between 880 and 1490 m. It is interesting to note that it was not found on Mt. Dinara, where Eiiomys quercinus lives. DJULIČ & VIDINIČ (1 %7) mention that it was caught »on a border between a Pirius ?i!Sra forest and young beeches« on Mt. Sator. Twenty years after their statement we could trace no Pinus nigra forest in this area. Since it was Z- Vidi nič, in 1967 a student of veterinary medicine, who collected tch material and took care of the field notes, it may be presumed B. Ki>5tuiek; N. Tvnkovit [nsectivores and RocJmis of the Centra! Oinaric (Carst of Yu^lavk 27 thai most probably the question was of a border between a Pinu^ rrtugo forest and subalpine beech forest (Fagetum subalpinum). A specimen of Dryomys nitedula was caught in a stony habitat overgrown with the mountain pine forest on Sator, whereas at Koprivnica another wa$ found in Abieti-Fagatum forest. On Cvrsnica a feraafe was caught in a mountain beech forest {Fageium montanum). Reproduction: Cvrsnica E4. Musctvdinus aveltanürws (LIN^AElJS 1758) Materiah - Cincar Ml. (1700 m) 13.09.1980. 1 d (N.T., D. Kovačic); ^ Satonko jezero. Ml. Sator (1470 m) 14.09.1983, 2 9? (B.K.). No documented findings of the hazel dormouse had been known from this area. We found it only iti the upper montane and the lower subalpine belts of t he continental s i de. Distribution of localities is from 1470 to 1770 m. KRPAN (1962) states it for the forwt of pubescent oak with eastern hornbeam or European hophombeam in the hinterland of Split. However no evident material has so far been available from this region. In Fageium monianum on Sator Mt. (1470 m) we found, on September 19, 1983, a nest with three juvenile hazel dormice. They wighed about 16.S g; their skulls had not been wholly ossified, The nest was hidden in the shmbs of Fagussihatica, Rttbua ideus, and Cirsium sp., in a smialler clearing. It was set up on shrub-like ramifications of a beech three, about 80 cm from the ground. It was of a spherical shape, with a diameter of 10-11 cm. The imerior was constructed of the blossoms of Cirsium sp., while the more solid external part of the leaves aiFagtts sihalica. Cirsium sp., and Luzula sp.. On Cincar Mt. (1700 m) M. avt>Ikinarius was caught in a mountain pine forest. 6. Distrifaution Map« The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) geographic grid with 10 km squares was chosen for the presentation of the distribution of small mammüls in the study area- We applied a map prepared for the needs of mapping the insect fauna of Yugoslavia (MILOSEVIČ 1976}. The study area covers the entire 100 km square XJ and parts of 100 km squares WJ, WH, YJ, and YH (Fig. 3), Small mammals were recorded for 45 )0-km squares. The presence of a species in a 10 km square is designated by means of a closed circle. If a reference is dubious (see the commentary of the relevant species), it is accompanied by a question mark in the map. TU ^ , ** , " rm C 13" Fig, 3. Map of Yugoslavia with the UTM gnd. Stmdy area is indicated by a heavy line. SI. 3. Raita Jugf>slavije z UTM mrežo. Preiskovano obmofije je omejeno z debelo črto. B, KiyStufek, N. Tvitkovic Insectivores and Rodents of the Central Dinaric Kaist of Yugoslavia 29 W Y 7 ft '1 T •'\\o 1 z v ( m vf V. 1 \ / > o o o 6 9 o o o f Ö ■v o o s W \ > \ o P ■J ^ L o 4 t Ö N P p O o o 6 O s p > -— Sr» -Ol V b ■Q 1 \ v-i ( , 's 1 1 O o q o v 5 k iTV o / fr\ i Jd d: 1 ■i 7 T> ■v». H Fig. 4. Map of the study area with the UTM grid (stjuanes 10 x JQkm). Sampling poiou are indicate«] by circles. Si, 4, Karta preiskovanega obmoi^a i UTM mrežo (10x10 km). Kvadrati, s katerih obstaja material, so označeni s kragi. Fig. 5. - 33, Distnbulion of inserictivoits and rodents in ihe Study area. The picsence of a species in a 10 K 10 km squEie of UTM grid is shown by a doi. Question mark is used whtn the information is do-uhtfiil. SI. 5. ^ 33. Raziiijenost žužkojedov in glodalcev na preiskovanem območju. PrisotnoEl vrste v 10 - kilometrskem kvadratu je označena s piko, Kactar je podatek dvomljiv, je označen z vprašajem. Erlnaceua concolor Sore* minutna Soreit araneus W X Sorex alplnus \ 1 / i s. C ■ 1 y Heonys Todiens W / • t C t ■V y Neoaya anomaXua w X V Suneus etru3cu3 Cpocldura suaveolens i / \ V C 1 - y Ci-ocidtira läucodon Clethrloncnays glareolus W X Y -ij r • • • 1 • y DinarDBys bogdanovi W X V ;trvicola teireatris W X Y Pity«y3 aubterraneus W X ¥ / \ J V. •0 v • .C •T y Pitynys lleciitensteinl W / • t ( >Lt—ir "v .C v; y Chiononya nivalis W X r / • • 1 • \ ^ b/ Hierotua arvalts W X ¥ Nannospalar monticola W X Y \ tr S I, ^ I—^ • V 1, • y ^podeMUs BYStaclnus IV * V Apodenua flavlcoHia rt X ¥ / M ••• • V, V • c 1 y B. Kiyäufek, N. Tvittajvit tnsecrivores and RttiMits cf the Central Dinarie Kfli?t oF Yugoslavia 35 Apodeinua sylvatlcua Rattu3 rattiis W X - / \ • 1 Tr y Battus norvegicuH Mu3 domestlcus W X ¥ . / \ L •0 i • ■ f nu3 musculus W X Y _1 L \ Gli3 glis W X Y • • • 1 y Ellomya quercinus W X Y Dryomys nitedula W X Y 1 r • \ • k • C 1 y B KryStufek, N, Tvitltovic InsecÜTOres and RodwiJs of ihe Centra) Dinaric Kara of Yugcslavia 37 Muscardinus aTellanarius W / • \ — • \ C > t y 7, Dominance The dominance (D) of small mammals is studied separately in three lai^r natural units of the study area, namely, the islands, Dalmaiia, and the mamland (Table 5). As dominance is not presented with respect to single habitats, the conclusions are of a general nature, offering only a global insight into the fauna of a larger region. The dominance of five species (Sb/'e;!; njinutws, Fityntys tiechtensteini. l^atinospaiax monticQla, Dryomys mtedula. Muscardinus aMeUanarim) does not exceed consequently, these species are considered very rare. Piiymys liechtenstemi is on the basis of a single individual. Mole-rat is locally frequent, but such populations are strictly localized. Further sii species J, Ckthrionomys giareolm, Chionomysmvaiis, Pitymys ^uhterraneus. Mm korluimus. Etiomys quercinus) do not exceed the value of 5%, so they are considered rare. It is interesting to note the rarity of CI glareolus - one of the dominant species of the continental part of Yugoslavia, It attains a dominant between 29 and 41% in small mammal communities of the forests in the extreme northwestern part of the D i na rids (KRVŠTUFEK unpublished). Dominance values reveal the following trends: - in tJie direction: islands ^ Dal mat ia continent, the dominance of A podemus syha-ticm, G Us gtis and Ruttus rattm in on the decrease; - in the direction: Dalmaiia continent, the dominance oiCrocidura suaieokns and Dinaromys hogdanovi is on the decrease. A marked dominance of Muridae is obvious in small mammal communities of the islands. Muridae are stili a dominant group in Daimatia while high values are attained also by Arvicolidae. Soricidae have low dominance values in both abovementioned regions. Dominant in the continental part are above all Soricidae and Arvicolidae. Obvious are also the following trends: - in the direction: island Daimatia continent, the dominance ofmurids and glirids is on the decrease; - in the opposite direction (continent - Daimatia ^ isla.nds)thedominanceofsoricids and arvicolids is on the decrease. On the islands the latter disappear completely. Table i. DominanÄ of insectivores and rodents in the Study area, Tabela 5, Dominantnosl žužkojedov in glodaJcev na preiskovanem območju, Dalmatia lalsnds Baliiatla Littoral Contlnenlal. part Tot«! >1 N « If I rt * Erirecpua coneolor S 1 o.s - - J P.N Sorex alnutue - _ - - J) 0.6 n 0.5 Sora* aranaus - - - - 3T 1.3 söfs* alplnus - - - - U f.? 12 l.tl Keoayj Gödissa - - - - 31 - 3a U.O NeoHyS Inoinalus _ T o.a 113 17.S IIJI 13.jt Crofiidura Igvonäon - _ 1.5 - - 2 0.2 Crptiidure euBveolena 2.3 7 5.1 2 0.3 1 1 1.3 Tslpa aurop«e& - - - - m 1.6 10 1 .2 Clethrlon^nys slireolva - — - - 3.B 2« 2.B illniroBys bagdansvi - - 11 S.1 It 3.5 33 3.g ArvLcola terraatria _ 3 79 12.5 ez Mict-fltüS arv^liH _ _ 21 16.1 13.3 105 12.11 Chlcnosys Divalla _ - 1 □ .e 21} 1.5 30 3.5 Pitymya 9jl^tErraTtpufi - _ - - 10 1 .6 10 1.2 Pltyrnya llei;tjtenat.fllnl _ - - 1 0.2 1 0.1 Kus Brasculua - - - - 7 1.1 T O.S sittus rittus 14.0 - - ! 0.3 14 1,6 Apodenua nyst&clnus - 3D.s - - ao J)-7 Apädkimij n&vlcallld - - - - 1 12 IT.? 1 13.2 ApodADuj sylvatldJa 57 10 30.S 38 6.0 135 15-9 hannoupalu^ ii]t?irt4-[3dla - - - - Ii 0.6 4 0,5 s1.1s 'Z 11;.0 1 a.B 3 O.S 16 t .Š Dryomys nlltduls - - - - 3 0.5 3 O.a Eliomys qu«i>einui9 1 1.1 1.5 - 3 d.h Huscardljius avellanerlus - - - - 3 0.5 3 [}.i| Kotal 100.0 130 100.0 tU 100.0 S^D 100.0 K Kjyätufck, N. Tvitkovid; hsectivores and Röderns of the Central Dinaric Kaid nT Yugtslavia 39 D (%) 50- ISLANOS 5(- DKLMUTIJt 50- CDHT, PAHl mi 4 F^. 34. Dominance ofsmaJI matnmalsiti the study area (above: isiandi; middle- Dalmatia littoral; below; contttiental part). Symbcils: 1 - Insectivora, 2 - Arvicolidae, J - Muridae, 4 - Gliridae. SI, 34. Dominantnosl malih scsalcev na preiskovanem območju (zgnraj: doki; sredinal obalna Dalmacija; Spod^: kontinentalno obmo^e). H. Vertical Distribution The data on the vertical distribution of single species were group sg o) D t- c> o O O O O O O S K K K K X K K M M M K X W X K K »X i-e K K K W K K K K ^ M K K K ^ n -J ui o t> ■n O (J 41 rt > S 3 iK "t 3 t . E Z 3 -I m -J 3 o o (5, [. t) 4 0) ? H f B Ö n C h en e u s t> li < ■J t: _ FH ^ 4 U B K 3 B V ^ >1 O O uÜ'OntmSvE^ - t- f» I) n h *-s >1 £ S rt Of 3 9 e Ci. ^ Z -H □ «II U rt Ö- ia -M a> -H O B »t K ^ O t* rt 3 B ä o g> rt -H a A. e Fni « a> P. -o C f-rj f-H L) 4 la. Lowland species: Suncus etruscus, Croc^(iura feucodon, Äpodemu/i myslacinus-In the study area all three species are known only in connection with Dalmatia, C leu-coäon possibly has a wider distribution. B- Kryätulek, N, Tvitktivi& Insecti^ores and Rodents c^lhe Central Dinaric Kaist cf Yugosla™ 41 (n the rest of Yugoslavia j^wncwj etruscux is likewise known only fi^im a narrow coastal belt up to 380 m (KOVAČIČ et al. 1984). Äpoäemus mysladnus. found in the study area 0T1 ly a s h igh up as 7 50 m, attain s higlier altitude5inotherpartsofYugoslavia(MlRIČ 1966), 2a, Species with an extensive vertical distribution: Erinaceus concoior, Cwddura sua-veotem. Dinaromys bogdanovi, Rattus rattus, Apodemus sylvaticus, G(ii glh, Elhmys guer-cmiis. The above seven species have quite difierent habitat requirements. Most of the m (£, con-color, C. suawolens, R. rattus, A. sylvaticus, E. qiwrcinus) are more frequent at lower aUiludes (i.e. in Dalmatia) while their frequency decreases with an increasing ahitude. 3a. Montane species: Neomys fodiens, Pitymys lieckiensteini.. The vertical range of these two species is quite narrow. In the rest of Yugoslavia they have a more pronounced vertical distribution. /V./cvdifni lives between 150 and 1300 m a.s.l, in Slovenia {KR YSTUFEK 1983) and P. /lecAfmjferflr between 20 and 1560 m in Yugoslavia (KOVAČfČ 1984; TVRTICOVrČ et al. 1979). 4a. Species of the montane and the subalpine belts: Sorexminutus, Sorex aran^us, Sorex aJpinus, Talpa europaea, Clethrionomys giareclus. ApodemnißaykoUis. Nartnospaiax moft-titvla. D/yomys mledula, ^fuscardinus avellanarius. Seven species living above 800 m a.s.l. spread from the montane also to the subalpine belt. One oft he m (Svrex araneux/ was found also in the submontane belt in an azonal habitat (karst field Livanjsko polje). All species of this group are known only from the continental part of the study area, though they exceptionally appear also on the Dalmatian side ofMt, Dinars (e.g. Sorex a/-pinuij. Species which aje connected with the montane and the subalpine zone of the study area are more widely distributed in the rest of Yugoslavia, The vertical range of Sorex minuius is between 162 and 1666 m in Slovenia (KRYSTUFEK I9S3), of Sorex araneus - likewise in Slovenia - between 156 and 1900 m (K.RY5TLJFEK I.e.), oTCktkrionamys glareolus - in Slovenia - between 80 and 2000 m (KRYSTUFEK utipublished), and o(Nannoxpalax cf. teucodon between 60 and 2400 m in Yugoslavia (SAVIČ 19S2). i a. Montane species appearing in Dalmatia in azonlc habitats only {i.e. karst fields): Neomys anomalus, Arvkoh ierreUris. ^^krotus armlis. An interesting group of three species appear in karst fields only in Dalmatia. They are connected either with deep soil (Microius armlis) or banks of water streams (Neomys ano-malus, Arviccla terrestrisj. For the species of the montane belt karst fields render it possible to penetrate into the lowland of Dalmatia. These problems are dealt with in detail in a separate chapter (9.2.), 6a, Subalpine species: Chionomyx nivalis. Ch. nivalis lives in the subalpine bcU in the study area, whereas in Europe it is more widely distributed (KRAPP 1982, KRYStUFEK & (COVAČiČ in press). The widest vertical range in the study area is that of Dinaromys bogdanovi, which results from its eonncction with azonic habitats (fields of stones, caverns, sinkholes). The narrowest vertical distribution is expressed by two montane species and Ssifituj etruxcus known only from a narrow coastal strip. The small mammal faunae of single 200 m vertical belts are compared with one another by applying the coefficient of community. As shown in Fig. 36, approximately 800 m a.s.l. 60 I 70 -L . 80 _t_ 90 cc 0 - 200 - 20 T - uoo HOT - 600 - 601 - 800 - 801 - 1000 1001 - 1200 - 1201 - 1400 1401 1600 - 1601 _ 1800 Fig, 35. Phenogram of similarity forsmafl mammal faunaein individual 200-m height zones. (CC-ooer-ficient of community), SI. 35. Fenoeram podobnosti med favnami malih Sesalcev posameznih 200 - metrskih višinskih pasov. (CC - koeficient podobnosti). represents a sharp border Ime. This is Ihe lower limit of the m^ority of montane and mon-tane-subalpine species. The speci cs having crossed that limit succeded m doing so d tie to the azomc habitats of k^rst fields- Wit h respect to the vertical distribution of small mam tn a Is the study area can be divided into three belts: Jb. Lowiand belt; 0 - 800 m a.s.I. It is inhabited by the lowland species (see Pt. la), the generally spread species (Pt. 2a) the majority of which are more frequent here, and some species of the montane and the su-baJpine belt that are Jinked with karst fields only (Pt. 5a), 13 species of Insectivores and rodents arc to be found in the lowland belt, 7 of which are widely spread. 2b, Montane belt (s. lato): 800 - 1400 m a.s.I. It is inhabited by the generaUy distributed species (Ft. 2a). and the montane, the mon-tane-stibalpine, and partly also the subalpine species. 21 species are to be found in tbe montane belt, 10 of which live also in the lowland belt, A number of species frequent in Datmalia are rare here (Crocidura suaveoJens, Ratius rattvs. Eliomya quercinus}. B, Kj^Siufek, N. Tvitkovič Insectivons and Rodents of the Central Dinaiic Itaret cf Yugoslavia 43 15- 10- k * « * I ■ • I™, t I I >1 I I O O o o •3- o o O o CD O o o o o f\l o o O O o o CO Alt Cm) MllL Fig. 36. Composition orsnaall mamirnl fauna in individual 200-m height zones of the study area, N - n u mber of spec i«; 1 - low land species; 2 - spccJes with an efLtensi ve vertical distribution; 3 - montane species; 4 - species of the montane and Subalpine belts; 5 - montane species appearing in Dalmatio in aaoTiaic habitats only (i.e, Vara fields); 6 - subalpine species. SI. 36. Sestava feven malih sesalcev posameznih 200-metrskih višinskih pasov na preiskovanemobmoč-ju. N - Število vrst; 1 - nižinske vrste; 2 - -vrele z obsežno vertikalno razširjenostjo; 3 - montanske vrste; 4 - monlanske in subalpinske vrste; 5 - montanske vrste, ki se pojavljajo v Dalmaciji samo v azonalnih habitatih (t.j. kraških poljih); 6 - «ubatpinske vrste. 3b. Subalpine belt: above 1400 m a.s.l. Of the generally spread species (Pt. 2a) only Glis glis and Dinaromys bogdanovi penetrate into this belt. Present, however, are all montane-subalpine species (Pt, 4a) and the only nubalpine spccies (Pt. 6a) i.e. Chiottomys nivalis. Twelve species can be encountered in the subalpine belt. The laiigßst number of species live in the montane (21 = 87.5 %) and the smallest in the subalpine belt (12 = 50.0 %). The lowland belt has i 3 species (= 56.5 %). A high number of species in the montane belt results from the influence of the lowland as well as the subalpine belt. Most of the fauna of the lowland belt consists of the generally distribuied species (2a), and that of t he montane belt of the generally distributed species and the mon tan e-su bal pine species. The fauna of the subalpine belt is composed above all of the montane-subalpine species, whereas the generally spread species hardly ever penetrate into it at all. 9. Zoogeography 9.1. REitatidnship between tlie Small Mammal Fauna of Dalmatia and That of the Continental Part of the Study Area It is doubtlessly a most demanding task to study Zoogeographie principles in such a geographically mainfold region asa central Dalmatiaand the southern part of western Bosnia. The actual distribution areas reflects a series of geographical, ecological and historical moments. In our Opinion it is important to bear in mind the role of the Dinaric highlands. On one hand they separate Dalmatia from the continent, thereby setting an obstacle to the migration in the west-east direction, especially so in the case of the lowland species; on the other hand, due to their high altitudes, these highlands facilitate penetration of the »continental« species towards the sea, which endows the areas with a highly mosaic nature - all the more outstanding due to the riches of azonic habitats. Let us mention above all: - karst fields (treated in detail in the subsequent text) - fields of stones (»kamejijari«), caverns and sinkholes, characterized by specific micro-climaiic conditions rendering possibly an azonic appearance of petricolic species (Dinaromys bogdamvi, Eliomys c{uercinus). The situation is ail the more complicated by a strong and long-lasting anthropogenic influence, Generally speaking, man's activities have been detrimental to forests while open habitats have been gaining ground {fields, pastures, fields of stones), which in the continental part applies also to degraded thermophilic forests. This facilitated the invasion of some predominantly mediterranean species into the continent. We have so far recorded 15 species of insectivores and rodents in central Dalmatia (the montane and the subalpine zones of the Dalmatian highlands are not included), and 24 species in the continental part. With respect to their Zoogeographie characteristics in the study area they can be divided into the following groups: 1. Mediterranean species living exclusively in Dalmatia (true only of the study area): Surt£us etruscus, Crocidura leucodon, Apodemas mystacinus. 1. Species living preponderantly in Dalmatia but frequenting also the continent; EUomys quercinus. Raltus rattui. 3. Species more or less generally distributed in the study area but more frequent in Dalmatia (Erinaceus concolor, Crocidura suaveoleis. Apodemus syhatkus, Mus domesticus) and generally distributed species (Dinaromys bogdanovi, Glis glis). 4. Typically continental species: Sorexminuius, S. araneus, S. alpinus, Neomys fodiens. Cleihrionomys glareolus, Pitymys subterransm, P. iiei:htenxi^ini, Apodemusßavicollis, Mus musculus, Nannospalax montkoin, Dryomys nitedula, Muscardinus avellanarius. 5, »»Continental« speices which are bound up with agonal habitatü (karst fields in particular) in Daimatia: Neomys anomalus, Arvkvla ter res tria, Micratitx arvalis. The cliissification reveals a marked similarity to the classification of vertical zones. The category under Pt. 1 is identical with the lowland species, the categories under Rs. 2 and 3 with the generally distributed species, whereas t he typically continental species with the montane, the montane-sübalpine and the subalpine species. By analogy with the analysis of the vertica! distribution it can be concluded that the border line of the »mediterrjnean« small mammal feuna runs at the altitude of approximately 800 m. Up to it reach the lowland i.e. mediierranean species while above it there begin appearing the montane species. On the costal slopes of the Dinaric highlands the continental influence finds its expression no sooner than at higher attitudes (on Dinata Mt., for instance, at 1400 m), and the positions above 800 m a.s.l. are inhabited by the generally spread species. The zone populated preponderantly by this group of species can be designated as a transition to the continental fauna. On the coastal slopes of the dinaric highlands the first continental Jpecies appear at 1400 m a.s.L only, and on the continental side already at the height of 740 m a.s.l.. This means that the »transitional zone« is broader on the NW slopes of the Dinaric highlands and narrower on their NE slopes. Fig. 37, Roots of a limestone rock wall. Ml. Kozjuk, about 700 m a.s.L, Daimatia. Habitat of Dmanimyi' bogdanovi and Apodemns myscafinus. {Pholo by J- Grcyori). SI, 37. Vznožje apnentaste stene Kažjat, približno 700 m n, m., Dalmacija. Habitat vcsi Dinammyj bogiianovi in Apodemus myuactnus. 9J. Karat Fields The geologic and pedologic structure, the hydrographic regime and the ve&etation point to the fact that karst fields are aiünic foriniitions. This is corroborated also by the data con-cemiiig smaJl mammaJs, The exceptional nature ofkarst fields finds its strongest expression in the areas under a marked mediterranean influence. In Dalmatia Karsi fields become oases of a richer fauna. When comparing small mammal fauna of karstic fields with their surrounding we can draw the following conclusions: 1. In the karst fields of Dalmatia there live a l leas C as many species of small mammals as in their surroundings, but usually more. The composition of the species between these two environments is not identical (CC = 29%), Mammals bound up with karst fields only are characteristic of the karst fields of the continental! pan of the study area, as well as the conli-nentai region of Yugoslavia in general. Fi^. 38. Narrow fissure leading to a karsl underground (Konjak Mt.}. Habitat oTOinorotnys botidanovi and ApfideFnus /tjystacinus. (Photo by }. Gregori). SI. 38. Ozka razpoka, ki vodi v kraško podzemlje (Konjak), Habitat vrst Ihnamtnys bogdanovi in /tPodemus mynacinns. B. Krysmiek, N. Tvrtkovit InsedlvofK and RjOdcnte of tjve Central Dinaric Kani of Yugsslavia 47 2. The number of small mammals is smaller in karst Adds than in their immediate vicinity in the continental part of the study area. The composition of the two is more similar (CC - 50%). Only one species was not found outside the karst fields [Arvicoia terrestris). Karst fields thus represent enclaves of the v>continental« fauna in the mediterranean region. Ifacquinted with the habitat seleči ton of three characteristic species (Neomys anoma-ius. Arvicoia lerrestris, Microms armlis) one can see that there e?tist no recent linkings between t h eir en clave in Cet i nsk o po Ij e an d S i nj sko polje in Dal m a t ia and their more or less continuous distribution in Bosnia. Such lin kings are not possible due to the following reasons: 1. The enclave in Dalmatia is separated from the continent by an almost 2000 m heigh and 150 km long crest of Mt. Dinara where lives none of these species. 2. The enclave is surrounded with thermophilic and xerophilous vegetatin oiQuerca-Carpinetum onentaii^ type offering to the species no conditions to survive. Fig. 19. Dmaromys ftoj?d(i«ovi caplured in its hahiut On Ml. Kozjak (1700 m a.s.l), Dalmatia, (Phoio by J. Greeori). SI. 39. Dinaromys hngdanovi. ujet v značilnem habitatu na planini Kozjak (700 m n.m.), Daimacijö- 3. There exist no surface water connections between the water Streams of the enclave and of Bosnia, which would facilitate an eventual spreading oiNeomys anomalus and Ar-\kota lerreiträ. Recent distribution areas on the Bal can Peninsula are explained in the light of events in the course of t he Pleistocene. Namely, in the periods between gladations the d inflate of this area was more continental, which in particular made possible the spreading of the steppe (MATVEJEV 1961). The fact that the study area used to be under a strong mfiuMce of the steppe is evident from the recent distribution of the genus Nannospalax attaining in this very place one of the extreme western limits of its distribution. Thus, we may presume that it was as eariy as in the Pleistocene thai Micntius arvahs attained the area of Celinsko polje and Sinjsko polje fields. Later on, as a result of a change in the climate and the vegetation, and possibly also asa resuh of strong erosive processes during the glaciations thcmcselves, making thinner the shallow layer of soii on the limestone ground, the population remained isolated in the deep soil layer of karst fields. Fig. 40. Apodeinus mysiacinus captured in its habitat on Mt. Kozjak (700 m a.s.l,), i:>aimaliii. (Photo by J, Oregon), SI. 40. Apodemus mysiacinus, ujcl v maiilntm habitatu na pianini Kozjak (700 m n.m,), Dalmacija B, Kiyitufek. N. T^vitkovic; Inseclivores and Rodents of the Central Dinaric Karsi of Y;^cslavia 49 The recent distribution of plant communities of karst fields shows that the Würm glad at i on, at least, saw the spreading of hygrophilo us and hydrophilous forest associations {e,g. Carici i?riz(}iäifx-Alnetum ^lutinosa^). nowadays revealing a rdict charactcr. It can be expected that moving piaralldly with these and such plant comtnunities were aiso hygro- and hydrophilous mammals. In our case this ii true only of anomahs and Arvicola terrest-ris. This means that the mammals of t he Dalmatian kar&l fileds have been isolated for no less than about 10.000 years. Islands From 4 to 7 species of small mammals were found on three the largest central Dalmatian islands studied (Table 7}. Four species (Erinac^v-i concohr, Mus dornesticus, Rattus fdttus, Apudemus sylvalkus)c3Lj\ be encountered on all three islands. All of t he species found on the- Flg. 41. Salorekojezem Lake. Mt. Sator, Bosnia (1490 m a.s.l.), Habitat of Sorexaraneus, S. alpinus. Di-naroffiys hofidanovi. Ckicnomyx nivalis. Apo^emua xylmticus, and Dryomys nitedula. (Photo N. Tvit-kovic). SI. 41. Satorsko jezeru, Sator, Bosna (!490 ni n.m.). Habitat vrat Sorex nraneus. S. alpinus. Dinaromyn bogdcimivi. Chwfiomys nivalis, Apodemit:! sykaticu-f in Ihnaromys bagdanori. se islands live also on the neighbouring mainland that possesses a richer fauna of small mammals. We can confirm the statement of DJUUČ (1972) that the Adriatic islands are popu-Jated by an impoverished continental fauna of small mammals. Most of the similarities to the continent are obvious on Brat and Hvar {closest to the mainland) and the least on Vis which is the most distant from the shore (Table 7). The lai^öt number of species lives on the largest two islands, and the lowest number on Vis (the smallest of them). Fig- 42. Swamp vegetation by the Mrtvica river in the karet field Kupregko polje. Habitat o^Neomysfo-dieiis. N. (inomafus. aiid Arvicola lerrestris. (Photo by B, KryStufek), SI. 42. Močvirska vegetacija ob reki Mrtvici na Kupreškem polju. Habitat vrst Nenmya fodieni, N. ano-mulu^ in Arvicoh terrestris. B. KivStuJeK N. Tvitkovic Insectivores ai^d Rodsnlsoflhe Central Dinaiic Karel ofViigjBlavia 51 Fig. 43, Characteristic meinilers of the Mrtvica river in the karst field Kupne^ko potje, Habilat of »Veom^s fiHiiens, N. utiomalus. and Ankola tere^iri^, Drier meadows are populated by Microtits utMlis. (Photo by N. Tvitkovie), SI, 43. ZnaEilni meandri reke Mrivice ma Kupreškeni polju. Habitat vr« Neomyi fodiens. A', anomaliii in Arvkola lerrefms- Suhe travnike poseljuje Mkrolun orvoiiK- Fig. 44, Meadows and fields on Ihe maiigjns ofKupreško poJje. Gomji Malovan, 1140 m. Habitat of Tal-pa eurapaea, Si)rex araneus, Mkrolus arvalis, Apodemus sylvalicus, A. ßoviceillis, and Wannoapalax mM!k!>la (Photo by N, Tmkovic). SI. 44, Travniki in polja na robu Kupreškega polja. Gornji Malovan, 1140 m. Habitat vrst Tatpa eum-paea. Sorex aratieus, Microius arvaiLt. Apodemus sylveiicus, A. /lavicoHis itt Nafinf).\paiax montkoUi. ß. Kf^ilufek, N, Tvrtkovič: Insecti votes and Rodents of the OenlTal Dinaric Kaist of Yugoslavia 53 Fig- Cadaver of ihe Bosnian mole-rat \'nn»ospalax monticoia captured at Gonyi Malo van, Bosti Ea (Photo by I. Sivec). SI, 45, Mnvo bosansko slepo tuže SpnrtospaiaTi montkoh, ujtio pri Gon^jem Malovanu v Bostii. Fig, 46, Koprimica-Poriče (880 m a.i.l.), Bosnia. Habitat of Ta/pa eumpaea, Sorex araneu.v. S alpinui, Neomysfinfiens. Cleshrionomyss!an'ulus, ,\f!croCM arvatis, Pityrtty^ suhtermneiis. Apodemmßavicoitis. Dryomys Tiiiedula and Glis glis. (Photo by N. Tvrtkovic), SI. 46. Koprivnica-Pcriče {880 m), Bosna. Habital ^rst Talpa europaea, Sorex amneus, S. alpiniis. Nfomysfodiens, dethriottomysglajeoius, Mkroiu^i amaliif. Pirymy-'i suhierrdnens. ApotJentus/kvicollis, Dryomys nitedtda in Gla giis. Table 7. Small mammals on three adnatic islands and Dalmatia littoral. CoefTicient ofcoinmunity (CC) expresses the similarity with the Dalmatia littoral. Tabela 7. Mali sesaki T>a Ireh jadranskih otokih in soSedtijem dalmatinskem kopnu. Koeficienti podobnosti (CC> izražajo podobnost ototne favne z obalno Dalmacijo. Dalmatia Island of Island of Island of littoral Brač Hvar Vis Erinaoeus - concolor + + + + Crocidura suaveolens + + + - Crocidura leucodon + - - - SuncuE etruscus + - - - Dinaromys bogdanovi + - - - Apodemus jnystacinus + - - - Apodemus sylvaticus + + + + Fattus rattus + + + + Mus domestieus + + + + Glia glis + + + - Ellomys querclnua + ■t + - Number of species 11 7 7« CC 100 6tl 64 36 The majority of t he species living on the islands are widely distribtited on the coast, This means that ubiquitous species are concerned. No real continental species (see Chapter Pt. 5) can be found on the islands. The same is Lme of mediterranean species, a! through Apodetnui mystactnus lives on some other Adriatic islands 1 ■ i' " j ' j